To meet the comprehensive requirements of lightweight design, a material minded design method will be aimed. A fiber minded solution for load application in fiber reinforced plastics are loop joints, which are mainly applied for introducing high concentrated tensile loads, e.g. in mountings for rotor blades, or in pre-tensioned supporting structures. Usually, these loop joints consist of, diameters in centimeter scale. Miniaturized loop joints with diameters in millimeter scale are applied in transition structures for carbon reinforced plastic-aluminum multi material designs. Factors of miniaturization influencing the mechanical behavior are decoupled for tensile testing. Data from computer tomography provides information on the failure behavior of loop joints. To validate the non-destructive test method microsections will be used.


List of maps and diagrams Preface Introduction 1. The Anglo-Scandinavian foundations H. C. Darby 2. Domesday England H. C. Darby 3. Changes in the early Middle Ages R. A. Donkin 4. England circa 1334 R. E. Glassock 5. Changes in the later Middle Ages Alan E. H. Baker 6. England circa 1600 F. V. Emery Index.


This invention relates to one digital product test method, which adopts digital product and loads with test program software standard audio files and comprises the following steps: the product displaying the standard audio files and sending the sound to the microphone through sound isolation environment; then generating audio files on horn sound; the product uses audio comparison program to compare the audio file and standard frequency files; according to the comparison audio frequency test parameters comparing the audio frequency test parameters and standard parameters to output results. This invention also discloses one special device.


The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Sn binary alloys were studied by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX) Analysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD) quantitative and qualitative analysis,tensile strength and micro-hardness testing.The results showed that Mg-Sn binary alloy is composed of α-Mg matrix and Mg_2Sn.The mechanical tests indicated that the micro-hardness of the alloy increases when Sn content raises,the main reason of which was the dispersion strengthening of Mg_2Sn and the grain refinement strengthening of Sn.The tensile strength and elongation of the alloys grow with the increase of Sn content when the content of Sn≤5%(wt).The grain refinement of Sn acts as the leading role in this content range of Sn.The tensile strength and especially elongation decline for Mg-10%Sn alloy,which owes mainly to the disappearance of grain refinement strengthening and the increase of brittle Mg_2Sn phase.


The multifunction image network monitor system based on Ethernet adopt network control chip LAN91C111 as the communication interface as well as the dedicated image processing chip TMS320C6211B and complex programmable logic device EPM7256AE to complete sampling and processing of the real-time digital image signals.This system has been testified by sets of experiment to fulfill the performance acquirements and have the advantage of simple and compact characteristic.


A comprehensive set of wave analysis techniques is applied to dayside ELF hiss observed over three typical orbits of the low-altitude AUREOL 3 satellite. Validity domains are established for each technique, whose results indicate the following propagation characteristics. Within the plasmasphere the waves are narrow-band, have a lower cutoff frequency close to the local proton gyrofrequency ƒH+, and propagate downward with very oblique k vectors directed toward lower L values. Left-hand mode waves are detected just below ƒH+. Within the plasmapause gradient the waves are broad-band, have a lower cutoff frequency at the vicinity of ƒH+, and propagate mainly upward with oblique k vectors directed toward lower L values. Within the light-ion trough region and the auroral zones the waves are broad-band, have lower cutoff frequencies that can be below the local ƒH+, and propagate downward with k vectors along B0. Narrowband emissions detected in the vicinity of the cusp propagate upward. Exceptions are found at frequencies just above ƒH+ where, at nearly all invariant latitudes, waves are commonly upgoing. We conclude that (1) the reflection at the two-ion cutoff frequency is a very efficient process for returning waves to higher altitudes and (2) the large density gradients that characterize the plasmapause and the cusp seem to act as traps for waves reflected below the satellite.


In this paper, we study existence and uniqueness of solutions to a class of three-point boundary value problems for nonlinear fractional order differential equation of the form { Dαu(t) + f(t, u(t), u′(t)) = 0, 1 < α ≤ 2, u(0) = 0, Dpu(1) = δDpu(η), 0 < p < 1 where 0 < μ < p < 1, 0 < η ≤ 1 and Dα is Caputo's fractional derivative of order α. Our results are based on some classical results from fixed point theory. We impose some growth and continuity conditions on the nonlinear f . For the applications of our results we present an example.


. Connected and intelligent vehicles create new risks to cybersecurity and road safety. Threat modeling is a building block in automotive security engineering that identifies potential threats for corresponding mitigations. In this paper, we address how to conduct threat modeling for automotive security analysis during the development lifecycle. We propose a practical and efficient approach to threat modeling, extending existing tool support and demonstrating its applicability and feasibility.


Background:  We evaluated 46 patients who underwent surgical repair of the Achilles tendon at our institution during a 4.5‐year period, followed by early weight bearing, aiming to assess their return to activities, rerupture rate and satisfaction.


Large-degree nodes in scale-free networks are normally responsible for large cascades of epidemics. However, recent research shows small-degree nodes can also produce large-scale epidemics in the real world. In this letter, we investigate the relation between local and global influence of individuals in scale-free network in order to theoretically explain this real-world phenomenon. The local influence of an individual corresponds to the node degree, and the global influence of an individual reflects the expected number of individuals directly or indirectly influenced by this individual in epidemics. We formalize the later as the novel epidemic betweenness concept, to mathematically estimate the global influence of individuals. Our analysis shows that the global influence follows power-law distributions in scale-free networks. We also observe that the average global influence of individuals is power-law to the degree of nodes, which well explains the reason why large-degree nodes are more likely to produce large cascades of epidemics. In addition, we discover that some smalldegree nodes also possess large global influence in terms of epidemics betweenness. This well explains the counter-intuitive phenomenon in recent research.


Backup coverage, the second coverage of a demand node, is suggested as a decision criterion in modelling the location of emergency services on a network. The efficient handling of stochastic demand by vehicles which can respond to only one call at a time may require backup coverage in areas of high demand as a means to maintain a more uniform level of service. This new criterion is applied in the context of the classic covering models, the Location Set Covering Problem and the Maximal Covering Location Problem. First coverage as defined in these models is traded off against backup coverage in the present work. Other efforts which incorporate additional levels of coverage are reviewed. We also show how to extend these models to third as well as subsequent coverage. Based on an example problem we show that significant levels of backup coverage may possibly be provided within a system without substantial loss of first coverage.


This subject guide is designed to provide resources that will help with your Music Education coursework Web sites, datasets, and other helpful information


The telecoms industry is moving towards an "all-IP" approach to mobile systems. However, this is often taken to mean IP packets are not natively routed and IP-level functions, such as multicast, are not supported. In our approach we define an all-IP mobile network as one that adheres to the architectural principles of the fixed Internet and show that the primary function of such a network is to deliver IP packets to mobile users. We introduce the concept of an IP radio resource management (RRM) layer and show, through modeling, how this could be implemented for existing wireless LANs.


This paper proposed an in-vehicle application of human body communication as a form of communication technology that allows stable and low-energy communication within the vehicle. We investigated the transmission characteristics and electric field distribution between a wearable device attached to the driver's forearm and a transmitter mounted on the steering wheel. It was found that at a distance of 130-190 mm between the wearable transmitter and the receiving electrode installed on the surface of the steering wheel, good transmission characteristics, S21 = -27.8 to -31.3 dB, were observed. Furthermore, the greater the transmission distance, the more the transmission characteristics deteriorated. With regard to the electric field distribution, the results indicated that even within the motor vehicle, electric field distribution from near the wearable transmitter to the area around the human body is strong, yielding good transmission characteristics.


Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare, understudied, autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by angiogenic abnormalities. Gene mutations in HHT involve key angiogenic factors. Clinical manifestations of HHT include benign telangiectasias and potentially life threatening arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that can occur in the pulmonary and cerebral circulation. Currently, there is no effective treatment for HHT. PBMCs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HHT and the goal of this study was to profile and characterize PBMC microRNAs, to determine whether they had a role in the observed angiogenic abnormalities. A total of 28 HHT patients with confirmed mutations in either
 ENG
 ,
 ACVRL1
 or
 SMAD4
 , and 25 controls were recruited. PBMCs were isolated from 16 ml of peripheral blood and total RNA was obtained. PBMC expression profiling was conducted with a human miR array analysis. Dysregulated miRs identified from the analysis were then validated with RT-qPCR. Significant differences were determined using a two-tailed t- test. Of the 800 miRs screened, 167 dysregulated miRs were identified in PBMCs. Selected PBMC miRs (MiRs-28-5p, -30b-5p, -361-3p and -374a-5p) were validated with RT-qPCR. PBMC miR-361-3p (
 p
 =0.025) known to target IGF1, was found to be significantly decreased compared to controls. IGF1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in PBMCS of HHT patients was significantly elevated (p=0.005) compared to controls. Our results show dysregulation of select miRs in PBMCs from HHT patients. We also show an increase in IGF1 mRNA, an important angiogenic factor, in PBMCs that may be related to the downregulation of miR-361-3p in HHT patients. This may represent an important pathogenic mechanism that is involved in the angiogenic dysfunction observed in HHT and may provide for a unique miR therapeutic target.


— Automated similarity detection in text is a core component for several applications. This work is an independent component of the formative assessment architecture being developed by the authors. The proposed model is constructed using a Shared Input based Long Short Term Memory (SI-LSTM) model. The model is composed of a preprocessing phase, an embedding layer creation phase and the SI-LSTM model. The SI-LSTM model is composed of two sections. The first section has been designated for building features. The input for the model is composed of two distinct inputs, whose level of similarity is to be identified. Feature matrices are created for the inputs using the embedding layer and the LSTM layer. The resultant features are integrated and passed through a deep learning model for duplicate identification. Experiments were performed using the Quora Question Pairs dataset. Comparisons with the existing state-of-the-art model indicate an improvement in accuracy of 1.7%, improvements in recall of 11.9% and improvements in F-Score of 5.7%.


We have studied the optical and structural properties of CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) fabricated with various reaction times. The temporal evolution of the ensemble optical properties, such as absorption and fluorescence (FL) spectra and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), was recorded under a set reaction temperature (170 ∘ C) and various amounts of time (5 s – 60 min). The FL intensity of the CsPbBr 3 NCs gradually decreased with increasing reaction time, and the observed PLQY of the CsPbBr 3 NCs ranged from less than 20% up to 35% because of the enlarged crystal size and the induced charge trap states. The FL peaks of as-obtained CsPbBr 3 NCs were tuned in the range of 516.8 to 526.8 nm with increasing reaction time as a result of the ripening phenomenon. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analysis were performed to analyze the structural properties. The results revealed that the average edge length of CsPbBr 3 NCs with a reaction time of 5 s was 13.4 nm and confirmed that the cubic crystal structure was well ordered.


Existing navigation policies for autonomous robots tend to focus on collision avoidance while ignoring human-robot interactions in social life. For instance, robots can pass along the corridor safer and easier if pedestrians notice them. Sounds have been considered as an efficient way to attract the attention of pedestrians, which can alleviate the freezing robot problem. In this work, we present a new deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based social navigation approach for autonomous robots to move in pedestrian-rich environments with interaction capacity. Most existing DRL based methods intend to train a general policy that outputs both navigation actions, i.e., expected robot's linear and angular velocities, and interaction actions, i.e., the beep action, in the context of reinforcement learning. Different from these methods, we intend to train the policy via both supervised learning and reinforcement learning. In specific, we first train an interaction policy in the context of supervised learning, which provides a better understanding of the social situation, then we use this interaction policy to train the navigation policy via multiple reinforcement learning algorithms. We evaluate our approach in various simulation environments and compare it to other methods. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms others in terms of the success rate. We also deploy the trained policy on a real-world robot, which shows a nice performance in crowded environments.


in navigating a narrow doorway. We speed up while crossing the street with an eye to oncoming traffic. We swerve to avoid a colleague on the stairs. These decisions likely depend on several factors, notably expectations of pain or embarrassment, but we would be hard pressed to justify our "choices" in words or explain exactly what those factors are. The range of similar "wordless" decisions is endless and much of our day is taken up with them. Yet, as important as these everyday decisions may be, it is not even clear that we are aware that we have made a particular decision or are aware of the factors that led to it. The reader may even hesitate to classify such wordless decisions with the kind of decision making we engage in while attempting to fatten a stock portfolio or play out a hand of poker. Moreover, even if we accept that these wordless decisions are decisions, we cannot be sure that we are at all good at making them. If we did not slow down in approaching the doorway, is there any appreciable chance that we would hit either side of it instead of passing through? Or are we being reckless in not slowing even more? The information needed to make this sort of decision well is, on the one hand, the gains and losses that are possible and, on the other, accurate estimates of the possible discrepancy between how we intend to move and how we actually do move. It will turn out to be the latter sort of information that distinguishes ordinary decision making from the wordless decision making considered here. In this chapter, we discuss results from experiments on human movement planning in risky environments in which explicit monetary rewards are assigned to the possible outcomes of a movement. We will show that these conditions create movement tasks that are formally equivalent to decision making under risk—if subjects can anticipate the stochastic uncertainty inherent in their movements. To anticipate our conclusion, we find that they can do so and that their performance in what we term movement planning under risk is remarkably good. These tasks form a promising alternative domain in which to study decision making, and they 21


The objective was to compare, in a real‐world setting, the risk of mental and physical health events associated with different antipsychotic drugs (clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine and first‐generation antipsychotics) in patients with SZ.


This manuscript reports on the very high resolution (4 m) capability of the WorldView3 satellite to detect methane enhancements. This capability makes it (potentially) possible to detect smaller leaks in gas and oil infrastructure, although one needs to know where to look first, as the Worldview3 satellite appears to be a pointing sensor. Strong is the finding that an earlier reported CH4 leak in Turkmenistan has still not been closed. Also the message that multiple CH4 plumes would be detected as one large CH4 enhancement by coarser sensors is powerful.


State and municipal patronage in architecture has been a disaster. Brian Waters, a leading architect with a substantial practice, analyses how private patronage can commission buildings of real quality. Forward the speculative developer!


In order to enhance AUV motion stability in inland rivers, we introduce a new kind of sliding mode control method which is improved by artificial immunity algorithm. First, AUV motion is analyzed mathematically. Due to the disturbances from both nature and human activities, hydraulics in inland rivers is very complex. Since we concentrate on AUV motion in this paper, we simplify the environmental disturbances to two main kinds of wave forces: shallow water wave and ship wave. Then, a complete AUV rolling motion equation is established containing wave disturbances and moment from propulsion system. We use sliding mode control method to adjust propeller's motor speed and artificial immunity algorithm to weaken the chattering brought by it. Finally, simulation of this method is carried out through Matlab and it is proved to be effective.


Aiming at the problems in pattern recognition of cold steel strip surface defect images,the methods of fuzzy pattern recognition and Back Propagation(BP) neural network recognition were introduced.Based on the comparison of these two methods,by making full use of advantages of the fuzzy pattern recognition in rejecting noise and of the BP neural network in model fitting and non-linear recognition,a new fuzzy-BP neural network recognition method was proposed,and the structure characteristics and realization approach of its algorithm were discussed in detail.Computer experiments were carried out on five typical and frequent surface defect images of cold steel strip,and its results showed that the method could effectively recognize the surface defect images of cold steel strip with good performance.


At present,finite difference method is widely used in reservoir simulation.This method would be low precision.So according to calculation speed and accuracy,this paper proposes reservoir numerical simulation based on finite element.There are many problems in reservoir numerical simulations by finite element method:the memory restriction,long computing time etc.For solving these problems,this paper proposes the parallel computing method for reservoir numerical simulations based on finite element.The method first establishes mathematic models of reservoir numerical simulations,then carries on the finite element numerical analysis,and then makes use of domain decomposition to carry on the research of parallel computing.At last,the results from the experimental design example show that high speed-up and parallel efficiency have been achieved.


Mergers are known to come in waves. This paper offers a computational model of industry dynamics, in which endogenously generated mergers exhibit a wave-like pattern. The root cause of this emergent behavior is random technological shocks which change the absolute and relative unit costs of existing firms' technologies. This mechanism induces other dynamic patterns consistent with several well-known empirical regularities. Through a comparative dynamics analysis, I investigate the impact of mergers on the steady-state structure and performance of the industry, and offer predictions on how industry-specific factors determine the between-industry variations in merger intensity.


Predicting attendance at events a few hours in advance can be useful for organisers and road users alike. Several studies attempt to detect attendance at the time of the event from social media using geo-tagging or event-based social networks. In this study, we present a novel attendance classifier based on an LSTM and show that it outperforms other machine learning algorithms on two recent data sets with a few thousand attendees. The attendance prediction is based on the content of tweets alone, without the need for network or geospatial information. The pertinent analysis of the tweets requires text pre-processing, a sequence of steps that are implicit in the classification process and generally not discussed in other studies. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of text pre-processing steps and found that some steps like stemming and the removal of a custom list of stop words did nothing to improve the result, but the removal of mentions, punctuation and numbers proved very useful in terms of the results. The best-performing combination was identical for both data sets and led to a 6% improvement of the classification performance compared to the worst-performing combination.


If Matter Poetics, Melange and the Lichenised Posthuman is a universal examination of the interconnected fragments of life, Method/s for Hereafter is a far more personal look into what has transpired in the artist's life since the original submission of the first essay. Fidkin uses their theory of Matter Poetics as a tool for processing grief, experiencing pleasure, suffering and sickness, and understanding their ever-evolving existence and connection to the more-than-human. Events – both poignant and inconsequential – are scrutinized at a molecular level, attempting to draw parallels between rhizomatic thinking and personal adversity and joy.


Abstract Indoles reacted with triethyl orthoformate in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine at room temperature to give the corresponding symmetrical triindolylmethanes (TIMs) in good to high yields.


A soft PLC technology based computer-implemented method includes updating a system configuration incidence matrix for an electric power distribution system based on both a depth-first search of a connectivity matrix for the electric power distribution system and information about the electric power distribution system, wherein the information includes at least status information about one or more switches of the electric power distribution system. The method further includes detecting a fault in the system based on the incidence matrix. The method further includes generating isolation control logic based on the incidence matrix and isolating the fault based on isolation control logic. The method further includes generating restoration control logic based on a breadth-first search of the incidence matrix and restoring the system based on the restoration control logic.


A method is proposed to reconstruct Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) volumes from successive acquisitions. A specific set up of the MR system is used to acquire highly anisotropic MRA volumes with reduced k-space coverage. These partial k-spaces are then combined to obtain a 3D k-space fitted to the frequency support of the angiographic image. This allows us to improve the SNR-resolution compromise of MRA by focusing the acquisition on the meaningful k-space regions. The reconstruction is performed in the image domain by minimizing a convex energy function using a gradient like method. Introduction of priors still further improves this compromise. The method is illustrated on a lucite stenosis phantom and a carotid MRA examination.


Introduction: Facility managers should know they can improve their energy efficiency by monitoring and understanding their energy usage. Energy monitoring and targeting is a practice based on the axiom "You can only manage what you measure". It combines the principles of thermodynamics and statistics and provides feedback to determine when and why energy consumption deviates from an established target pattern. It is a continuous process as shown in the figure below.


Malaria is endemic to Bangladesh. In this longitudinal study, we used hydrologic, topographic, and socioeconomic risk factors to explain single and multiple malaria infections at individual and household levels. Malaria incidence was determined for 1,634 households in 54 villages in 2009 and 2010. During the entire study period 21.8% of households accounted for all (n = 497) malaria cases detected; 15.4% of households had 1 case and 6.4% had ≥ 2 cases. The greatest risk factors for malaria infection were low bed net ratio per household, house construction materials (wall), and high density of houses. Hydrologic and topographic factors were not significantly associated with malaria risk. This study identifies stable malaria hotspots and risk factors that should be considered for cost-effective targeting of malaria interventions that may contribute to potential elimination of malaria in Bangladesh.


The effects of oxidation time on the density,thickness and corrosion resistance of the micro-arc oxidation coatings of MB8 magnesium alloy were investigated.The changes of the micro-topography,component and structure of the coatings with different oxidizing periods were analyzed.The results show that the coating thickness increases with the prolonged oxidation time,but the coating surface gets rough.The corrosion rate of the coating is lowest when the appropriate oxidation time is 10min.Initially the content of the micro-arc oxidation coating is mainly composed of cubic structure MgO,with the oxidation time prolonged,both Mg2(SiO4) with orthorhombic crystal structure and Mg(PO3)2 with monoclinic crystal structure increase gradually in the coating.


Purpose To evaluate the correlation between visual field index (VFI%) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) parameters: global loss volume (GLV%) and focal loss volume (FLV%) in glaucomatous patients.


In 2015, several bladder cancer cases were reported in chemical plants in Japan, and aromatic amines including ortho-toluidine (OT) were suspected as the causative agents. The air concentration of OT was far below the occupational exposure limits recommended by Japan Society for Occupational Health but the concentration of this substance in workers' urine was high, suggesting that the workers might have received dermal exposure to aromatic amines. In order to understand the actual exposure of aromatic amines, it is necessary to use the exposure assessment by biological monitoring. The NIOSH method 8317, a quantitative analysis of OT in urine, is the representative method for the biological monitoring of OT exposure. However, the method has some weak points; it has not been verified whether the method could analyze the urine from workers co-exposed to several kinds of aromatic amines, and the effect of urine constituents (matrix effect) on the analysis. In this study, we developed a new analytic method in biological motoring for aromatic amines with offset matrix effect using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We examined whether we could analyze six kinds of aromatic amines used in the factories with the occurrence of bladder cancer, including OT, aniline (ANL), 2,4-di-methylaniline (DMA), ortho-anisidine (ANS), ortho-chloroaniline (OCA), para-toluidine (PT) and their metabolites using our new method. The sensitivity of this method is good for the five aromatic amines except OCA, and OT, ANL, DMA and ANS were detected in the urine samples of workers. In conclusions, we developed a new quantitative analysis method of urine samples which is useful for the biological monitoring of co-exposure to several kinds of aromatic amines.


ShengCai Fair is one of most important folk activities only in Guangzhou.It appeared on the beginning of spring since the Han Dynasty,but it was reserved only in Guangzhou after long time.And it has been attached importance in Guangzhou in recent years.This paper reveals the origin and development of the Shengcai Fair and its culture by the area culture.


It is empirically well established that financial depth increases the power of the financial system and helps both government and the private sector to have access to adequate funds without a noticeable change in asset prices and exchange rates. Exchange rate uncertainty is considered one of the many factors that affect financial market performance. In this study, we try to determine the short-run and long-run effects of exchange rate volatility on financial depth in 26 selected countries, classified as developed, developing, and emerging economies over the period 1980-2011. Our findings indicate that exchange rate volatility has short-run and long-run effects in the majority of countries in this study. We found for 16 countries out of 26, financial depth responds significantly to exchange rate volatility (nine positive, seven negative). Furthermore, using the bounds testing approach shows that exchange rate volatility has significant impact on financial deepening in 20 out of 26 countries in the short run. The results show that despite similar classification and grouping, the estimated results could be very country specific depending on each country's particular characteristics. We suggest that for every country, it is crucial to choose and implement appropriate financial market and exchange rate policies.


Based on the monthly data of life insurance premium amount of China during 2005—2010,this paper constructs an ARIMA model to forecast the expected amounts of life insurance premium in 2011,compares the expected value with the real value in 2011,measures the deviation between the real premium amount in each month and its theoretical value,uses seasonal adjustment indices to calculate the reduction degree of life insurance premium amount in 2011,and finds that life insurance premium amount declines 11 percent in 2011 by comparing with its theoretical value because of"New Bancassurance Regulation",among which life insurance premium amount of foreign capital decreased 32 percent by comparing with its theoretical value while the life insurance premium amount of domestic capital decreased 10 percent by comparing with its theoretical value.


The authors investigated marital satisfaction and academic self-efficacy in relation to psychological adaptation (i.e., psychological well-being, life satisfaction) in a sample of 198 married international students. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that marital satisfaction and academic self-efficacy accounted for 45.9% of variance in psychological well-being and 25.8% of variance in life satisfaction scores. Based on the results, the differences between cognitive and emotion-oriented processes during psychological adaptation were explained. The authors discuss implications for programs with international students and mental health professionals working in university campuses.


In the light of the fact that the wastage of antifreezing machine oil in the casing-pressure device of the water injection well result in failure of pressure gauge,a set of high-pressure lubricator(ZJT-1 type)was developed based on the theoretical calculation and field condition.This lubricator can inject antifreezeing machine oil into casing pressure device in the normal production to make pressure gauge keep the excellent antifreezeing effect and provide accurate pressure data for oil field development.The features of the lubricator is easy operation,low working strength and high safe efficiency.


Abstract Since the 1950s, The Greater Cairo Metropolitan Region (GCMR) has experienced an unprecedented rate of informal urbanization over productive arable lands, forming fragmented landscape and ...


Based on an engineering practice,this paper provides an integrated approach of reinforcement construction for an overloading underground garage.This method combines temporary props,for which screws provide with pretightening up forces,and externally applied prestressing as well as sectional strengthenting of RC beams.In order to get the feedback of applied force,deformation monitoring of beams and columns were carried out during construction process,which also helped to control the supplemention of props' reaction and wire tension.An numerical analysis on deflection as well as the axial force of props was then carried out for several construction conditions,and the results testified the rationality of the construction approach.


One simple and six complex baths are used to electrodeposit Fe-Ni alloy coating on copper substrate. All baths contain the same 1.04 Ni/Fe ratio. In addition to NiSO 4 .7H 2 O, FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, H 3 BO 3 used in simple bath, the complex baths contain Ascorbic acid, Saccharin and Citric acid in different ratios. Electrodepositions have been carried out in the bath pH and constant current density range of 1 - 2.6 and 20 - 140 mA/cm 2 , respectively. Anomalous nature of Fe-Ni alloy electrodeposition is suppressed in the complex baths. Microhardness as well as corrosion resistance of coating increased with increasing %Ni content in the deposit. The morphology of the Fe-Ni films obtained from simple baths is characterized by coarse-grained, non-smooth surface with presence of microcracks onto it. Coatings from complex baths are finegrained with smooth surfaces. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4) , 379-386, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.8699


Language is the carrier of culture and words are the most active elements of language. Words and metaphor are the ways for human beings to cognize the world. The analysis of a variety of specific examples of metaphoricalized language items is made to show the different cultural psychology and the influence upon cross-cultural communication.


Cotton sector, one of the most important sectors of agriculture, plays a pivot role in the socio-economic uplift of Pakistan as its contribution to agriculture value addition is 5.5 % and to GDP is 1 %. It along with low wage cost also ensures the massive availability of raw material for textile industry which enables Pakistan to attain competitiveness in the world market. The aim of present study is ,therefore, to measure the export competitiveness in cotton sector of Pakistan by utilizing a set of Revealed competitive advantage and Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indices such as RCA, RCA#, Symmetric Comparative index (RSCA),  Revealed Import Advantage index (RMA), Net export index (NEI)and  Revealed Trade Advantage index (RTA)  vis-a-vis world trade. The data was taken from International Trade Center (ITC) UN-COMTRADE Statistics for Pakistani cotton from 2003-17. The results of the study explored that Pakistan had a comparative and competitive advantage in cotton exports, while comparative disadvantage in cotton imports. Moreover, Pakistan had net competitive advantage in cotton sector.The study suggests that   there should be more  emphasis on Infrastructure, reduction in the cost of production, utilities and  finance, use of modern technology, investment in agricultural sector and marketing in international market to boost the exports volume of cotton. Net export index (NEI), Revealed, Symmetric Comparative index (RSCA) (Larsen 1998), Vollrath index (1991) (RCA#), Revealed Import Advantage index (RMA) and Revealed Trade Advantage index (RTA).


Abstract Most of the places with the highest concentration of biological diversity coincide with spaces inhabited by indigenous peoples, whose members continue to speak the language of their ancestors. The traditional knowledge and practices of indigenous and local communities, indispensable for the sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity, are usually transmitted through indigenous languages. The CBD is the only legally binding instrument for environmental protection that relates to the role of indigenous peoples in the conservation of natural resources and the achievement of sustainable development. Even though this instrument does not directly refer to the protection of indigenous languages, its article 8(j), especially related to the protection and preservation of knowledge, innovations, and practices of indigenous and local communities, has opened a door to action on these languages. It is therefore of great importance to evaluate the development of the objectives, goals, indicators, and actions established by the CBD through the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, especially in relation to traditional knowledge and indigenous languages, in order to define the level of recognition that the close interrelation between these languages and the preservation of biodiversity have at the international level.


Analytical charts representing interaction of time and space in Jean Giono´s novel cycle. Research
of the relation of fiction and reality in novel-writing seems an unnecessary attempt from
the point of view of literary criticism. Being for the twentieth century autobiographical elements
and for the numerous types of fictional autobiography yet gives a reason for the analysis of this
kind of relation. Text-genetics draws our attention to the process of writing, explaining linearity or
non-linearity of the text. The image about a writer changes through each novel, the writer himself
changes indeed, and this strain itself is paratopy. In our analysis we intend to use two concepts
(paratopy and scenography) by Dominique Aingueneau, expert in critical discourse analysis. Charts
show the fictional and autobiographical features and display author paratopy changing in each
novel within a cycle. As for the different forms to recall past, one protagonist of the novel Mort
d´un personnage is characterized by the opposition to time. Here we imply Paul Ricoeur´s work
Temps de l´âme et temps du monde (1985,Temps et recit 3. IV.) where he opposes Aristotle´s and St
Augustine´s concept of time in a sense that time of the self and cosmic time try to absorb each other
while they are very much coherent. They can not exist without each other.


As organizations, cooperatives are increasingly been recognized for their social and economic contributions to the Malaysian economy. Despite their importance to the national economy, the review of literature however indicates that research emphasis on these organizations remains limited and neglected in the local context. This study specifically attempted to investigate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by the cooperatives in Malaysia. By using questionnaire, the data for the study was collected from 96 cooperatives. The results of the study indicate that the cooperatives in Malaysia not only have various strengths and weaknesses but they also have assorted opportunities as well as face various threats.


High Energy Physics (HEP) is in need of powerful efficient techniques for various analysis tasks. Genetic Programming (GP) is a po- werful technique that can be used for solving these tasks. In this paper, Genetic programming (GP) has been used to discover a function that calculates charged particles multiplicity distribution of created pions from antiproton-neutron ( n p


From 2008 to July 2010 95 patients underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) – 12 of them – laparoscopic prostatectomy, 83 – retropubic prostatectomy. In 43 patients suspension of urethral anastomosis was not performed. 11 patients underwent the Noguchi's front suspension (11,6%), 22 patients – Tewari's complete reconstruction of the fascial structures (23,1%) and 19 – complete reconstruction of the fascial structures with a modified technique of the rear suspension with a deficit of length of aponeurosis Denonvile (20%). Monitoring of continence was conducted on the third day of the removal of the catheter, in 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. 74.7% of patients evaluated in a period of 6 months and only 54,7% of patients – in a year after surgery. On third day of removal of the catheter continence in a group without complete suspension was 20,9%, with front suspension – 27,3% in the group with Tewari's reconstruction – 49,9%, with Denonvile suspension – 36,8% respectively. 1month continence was 36,6%, 54,5%, 76,2% 78,9% respectively. Through threemonth observation full time continence was achieved in 63,8%, 60%, 85,7% and 73,3% respectively. Through 6 months and 12 months observation there was no significant difference in continence in all groups.


In recent Johannine studies attention has concentrated more on the community from which the Johannine writings emerged. An introductory section looks at the different approaches adopted towards this community and opts for a three stage development within the history of the community. The first period views the Johannine community prior to the emergence of the Gospel of John and examines its views with regard to christology. The second period examines the Johannine community at the time of the appearance of the gospel of John. Finally, the third period sees the community as facing a crisis from within - a crisis revolving around christology and ethics. Both aspects are examined in detail. The conclusion draws the investigation together by emphasising that the Johannine epistles aim at presenting a guide to a correct interpretation of the gospel of John.


4 42-year-old heroin addict was hospitalized complaining of severe right-sided pleuritic chest pain, a 12 lb weight loss, and low grade fever. Mild right-sided pleurisy had occurred intermittently during the preceding two years. She was a heavy cigarette smoker, and had a chronic nonproductive cough. Initial workup revealed an exudative right pleural effusion containing 6,000 WBC/cu mm with 40 percent polymorphonuclear and 60 percent mononuclear cells. Cytology, gram stain, acid-fast smear, and both aerobic and anaerobic cultures of the pleural fluid were negative. Bronchoscopy showed patent bronchi. Washings and brushings from the right middle lobe were negative for tumor cells, fungi, and tubercle bacilli. Her admitting chest roentgenograms are shown in Figures 1 and 2.


Biocompatible nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as cellular antioxidant agents for the improvement of new therapeutics for several and diverse oxidative stress related disorders. Here, it is shown that the biocompatible cell membrane@gold nanoparticle displays catalase‐mimic behavior by decomposing H2O2. This interesting behavior can be used for cell protection against induced oxidative injury by reactive oxygen species (ROS). So, after characterizing this novel biocompatible nanostructure, the protective effect of cell membrane@AuNPs pretreatment in front of a well‐defined oxidative stress‐inducing chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin (Dox) is assessed. Doxorubicin pretreatment significantly reduces the intracellular ROS production. Similarly, a reduction in the levels of DNA oxidative damage, as measured with the AO/EB staining, is also observed. Obtained results would support that this novel nanostructure can show how a pharmacological agent can be used against oxidative stress‐mediated diseases.


Participation by voters in the election of U. S. state legislators varies significantly across legislative districts. This analysis of state legislative elections in Iowa and California in 1978 demonstrates the powerful effects which campaign and partisan competitiveness can have on the extent to which voters take part in choosing their state legislator. With participation rates as the dependent variables, this study establishes a multivariate model which includes variables for campaign spending, the closeness of the electoral contests, the extent of district partisanship, and the degree of party competition. These "political mobilization" factors are shown to contribute very substantially to explaining variations in participation.


This article is not only about the peculiarities of the work of a social teacher with a low-income family, but also about improving the social status of children in the family, about organizing social assistance, about helping them in solving the problem independently, and deeper understanding of own spiritual world and organizing different events to join the ranks of society. Socio-economic problems in the country can not be solved because of different age characteristics, and factors that affect their lives, particularly, the impact factors on the child due to the improper relationship between children and parents in the family; insufficient well-being of children in society or school; isolation from the social environment due to the various depressions; the influence of a low social situation, etc. This affects the child's psychology and after these circumstances, the child's potential for inspiration will be reduced, such as education, training, the desire to live, empathy with the leader of society, and consequently,this article emphasizes the special moments of social and pedagogical work, based on the works of comprehensive foreign scientists.


1. A short‐latency interaction between motoneurones has been studied with intracellular and root potential recordings from the isolated spinal cord of the frog. Antidromic stimulation of one ventral root causes brief depolarization (VR‐EPSP) of the motoneurones of adjacent, non‐excited motoneurones. The summed activity of many such VR‐EPSPs can be seen as a brief depolarization (VR‐VRP) passing out an adjacent ventral root.


We demonstrate a high-power Yb-doped fiber laser operating at 1178 nm based on commercial silica double-cladding fiber and laser diode (LD) pumping regime at 976 nm. It is experimentally proved that heating the active fiber is an efficient way to suppress amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and to increase the parasitic lasing threshold in long-wavelength Yb-doped fiber lasers. By adopting output coupling fiber Bragg grating (OC FBG) with high reflectivity and heating the Yb-doped fiber to 125 °C, a record output power of 31 W is obtained, and the corresponding slope efficiency is ~44% with respect to the pump power. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest output power of Yb-doped fiber lasers, which adopt commercial double-cladding active fiber and operate in the range beyond 1160 nm. Furthermore, it is first experimentally proved that the parasitic lasing threshold is related to the power of the backward ASE and the length of the active fiber.


The design of a monolithic MOS parametric analog function synthesizer is described. The contour and voltage scaling of the nonlinear function to be synthesized are determined by a set of input bias voltage parameters, and are independent of temperature and processing variations. Experimental results showing synthesis precision on the order of 2% over temperature are presented. The particular application of generating a voltage that is a nonlinear function of chip temperature for compensation purposes is addressed.


The Assignment Problem is one of the most studied, w ll known and important problem in Mathematics and is used very often in solving pr oblems of engineering and management sciences. It is one of the fundamental c ombinatorial optimization problems in the field of Operations Research. It is a partic ular case of transportation problem where the objective is to assign the resources to the act ivities so as to minimize total cost or maximize total profit of allocation. In this paper, we proposed the signature method for solving intuitionistic fuzzy assignment problems.


Different carriers were evaluated for α-l-rhamnosidase immobilization with respect to activity yield, activity loading and operational stability for the conversion of emulsified di-rhamnolipid to mono-rhamnolipid and l-rhamnose. The highest specific carrier activity of 88 U g−1 with activity yield of 36% was obtained with micro non-porous carriers. Carrier activities of porous-type carriers were much lower due to strong substrate diffusional limitations. Furthermore, the effect of protein and activating-reagent concentration on immobilized enzyme activities on micro non-porous carriers was investigated by a response surface methodology. Immobilized enzyme activities decreased gradually with protein loading whereas the activating-reagent concentration hardly affected them.


Abstract Seven‐day‐old wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gamenya) were grown for a further 11 and 29 days using a split root technique such that 2.5 μM Zn was added to both (Zn++), one (Zn+0), or neither (Zn00) of paired half‐root systems in an otherwise complete nutrient solution. When compared with Zn++ plants, the Zn+0 treatment had no effect on dry matter (DM) of wheat plants or plant parts. Indeed, in all respects, Zn+0 plants appeared identical to Zn++ plants. By contrast, at final harvest, Zn00 plants had symptoms of severe Zn deficiency and P toxicity, and depressed whole plant DM. The Zn+0 treatment was used to calculate translocation rates of Zn from one half‐root system to the other while all three treatments were used to study the effect of Zn supply on P accumulation. Zinc translocation from day 18 (D18) to D36 from the half‐root system supplied with Zn (Ra) to the half‐root system not supplied with Zn (Rb) was 1.0 to 1.5 mg Zn/kg DM RB/day. This rate of translocation could maintain a co...


Creation of an industrial culture is always a slow and difficult process, especially for high-tech industries in backward areas. In such circumstances, what is the role of the state government and the management in creating this culture? What parameters should be used to evaluate demands for wage rise? These are some of the questions that the diagnostic case, The Bajaj Lockout, raises. The casewriter and other experts from the academic and the practising worlds provide us their diagnoses of the case. To promote and foster healthy industrial relations, Kher emphasizes the need to educate the workers in fair negotiation practices while Shelat elaborates on the role of the state government in ensuring an ideal industrial climate. Joseph highlights the role of systematic grievance handling procedures whereas Sarkar observes that faulty recruitment policy combined with the promotion of an internal trade union are sure indicators of deficient personnel management. Removing barriers to communication: between workers and the manageme~t and introducing participative rrianagament will contribute to better industrial relations concludes Saha.


Current and historical aerospace bibliographic control techniques are surveyed with emphasis on the NASA experience. Topics covered include early NACA and NASA bibliographic control, NASA historical research, STAR and IAA, NASA/RECON, NASA selective dissemination of information, the NASA Library Network, and the NASA Technology Utilization System. Consideration is also given to aerospace serials control, NASA subject categories, foreign aerospace bibliographic control, and aerospace picture, film, and microfiche control. An extensive, partially annotated bibliography is provided.


The 11 September 2001 attacks on New York and Washington have led to renewed public debates on national identity in various countries. The A. focuses on two of them: Pakistan and the Netherlands. Starting from the assumption that the nation is a project of liberation from a pre-nation past, he argues that these debates necessarily imply an increased reflection on the nature of this pre-nation past, which is called the nation's shadow. In Pakistan, the nation is imagined as an Islamic liberation from feudalism, kinship solidarity, and ethnic loyalties. In Holland, the nation is imagined as secular and opposed to a Dutch history of pillarization in which religious authorities acted as intermediaries between the citizen and the state. What are considered the loyalties and sentiments of the past are allowed in private. However, they also inform the imagination of a subversive domain that encroaches upon the nation. Hence, subversion politics in Pakistan is imagined as a form of illicit kinship politics, whereas in Holland subversion is linked to religious - primarily Islamic - mentalities.


Electron microscopy can produce nanometer-scale maps of the thermal expansion of 2D materials, which may be important for the development of nanoelectronic devices.


This paper presents a novel application of a Proportional-To-Absolute-Temperature (PTAT) sensor. The main function of this sensor is to monitor circuit temperature and generate an overheat signal in order to warn about excessive temperature of a circuit. Special emphasis is laid on the description of the design of current mirrors, which are responsible for the output signal voltage drop when circuit temperature exceeds certain preset value. The entire design was validated by measurements of the test ASIC implementing the sensor. The measurements confirmed correct operation of the sensor, but at the same time they revealed high sensitivity of the design to the parameter spread among particular ASICs and to the interference from digital circuitry.


STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE The gray whale formerly occurred in the North Atlantic Ocean (Fraser 1970), but is currently only found in the North Pacific (Rice et al. 1984). The following information was considered in classifying stock structure of gray whales based on the Dizon et al. (1992) phylogeographic approach: 1) Distributional data: isolated geographic distribution in the North Pacific Ocean; 2) Population response data: increasing in the eastern North Pacific, unknown in the western North Pacific; 3) Phenotypic data: unknown; and 4) Genotypic data: unknown. Based on this limited information, two stocks have been recognized in the North Pacific: the Eastern Pacific stock, which breeds along the west coast of North America (Fig. 30), and the Western Pacific or "Korean" stock, which apparently breeds off the coast of eastern Asia (Rice 1981). Most of the Eastern North Pacific stock spends the summer feeding in the northern Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas (Rice and Wolman 1971). However, gray whales have been reported feeding in the summer in waters off of Southeast Alaska, British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington. The whales migrate near shore along the coast of North America from Alaska to the central California coast (Rice and Wolman 1971) starting in October or November. After passing Point Conception, California, Rice et al. (1984) reported the majority of the animals take a more direct offshore route across the southern California Bight to northern Granite Canyon


lead" (1). According to Elias, "When we read cookbooks for what they have to say about national foodways, we hear voices that have long been disregarded, the voices of people, many of them women, who understand that every meal is at once a cultural statement and a performance of self" (2). Food on the Page spans more than two hundred years of American cookbook publishing, beginning with Amelia Simmons's 1796 volume, American Cookery, and ending with recent food blogs such as Smitten Kitchen. By identifying broad patterns within the genre of cookbook writing and making connections between cookbooks and the historical moment that produced them, Elias manages to provide a book abundant with insights into American society and culture, in addition to American foodways. Elias moves quickly through American cookbooks published in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Her first major revelation stems from her examination of the outpouring of Southern cookbooks, published between 1865 and 1885, in the wake of the Civil War, with titles like The Dixie Cookbook, Mrs. Porter's New Southern Cookery, and Southern Household Companion. Elias sees these volumes as doing important culinary work in constructing the larger myth of the Lost Cause. According to Elias, "Southern cookbooks typically included scenarios of antebellum abundance and pleasure, focusing entirely on the foods served to the wealthy minority in their homes." She adds, "Southern-themed cookbooks painted an amiable picture of slavery in the region's history and established their own legend of the Lost Cuisine" (24). In the same chapter, Elias delves into Progressive cookbooks published at the turn of the twentieth century by writers such as Fannie Farmer and Maria Parloa, who tried to reform the diets of lower-middle-class women— often immigrants—to meet the standards of white, native-born middleclass and elite Americans. Elias asserts that Southern cookbooks and Progressive cookbooks offered two different approaches to navigating an increasingly urban and industrial America; whereas Southern writers celebrated regionalism in foodways "as a way to keep a vanquished culture vibrant," Progressives looked to unify and standardize cultural heterogeneity (41). In both cases, the comestible contributions of nonwhite people were erased. Subsequent chapters focus on topics such as midcentury cookbooks and food magazines and the influence of Julia Child and television on American cooking. A chapter on cookbooks and the counterculture in the 1960 s and 1970 s examines how food writers in this era pushed back against corporate culture and the food industry in an effort to embrace more natural, unprocessed, and organic foods and lifestyles. Here, Elias demonstrates the influence of the burgeoning environmental movement following the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in 1962 and the influence of the antinuclear movement. There has certainly been a revolution in the last few decades in the way historians and other scholars view the importance of foodways. Given this recent interest, much of the material Elias covers is familiar. However, Elias provides a more comprehensive approach compared to many previous authors, both in the broad chronological scope of her analysis and in her efforts to use cookbooks as a way to understand the changing ways in which America has defined its national cuisine and culture.


The construction and operation of building contribute to environmental impacts. There are existent and emerging options to improve our environment performance which are called as green building practices. Green building significantly can reduce environmental impact. The main organization promoting building techniques and green practices in Malaysia is the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM). However, they are now put in a new rating system called Green Building Index (GBI). The GBI rating system provides a huge number of opportunities for developers to construct and design sustainable building. Green building brings advantages to social, economic and environmental aspect. However, one of the challenges in widespread Green Building practices is finding person that are knowledgeable to implement green design in the project. Thus, there is important for consultants that have a great knowledge to play their role in widespread Green Building practice. Objectives in this research are to determine the responsibilities and the role of consultant in increasing the use of Green Building, to determine the consultant's primary barriers in increasing green building practice and to suggest strategies in lowering those barriers in order to encourage consultant to adopt more environmentally responsible practices. The data presented in this thesis
are derived from both interviewer and responses to a questionnaire that completed by. consultant. The role as Green Building consultant only can be play if there is need from the client. Hence, the consultants have to take chance to always advice or suggest client to implement GBI in their project. The major barriers are Green Building design is too expensive, the lack of expressed interest from client and the lack of training and education in Green Building design. Hence, a few suggestions had been discussed in order to lower the barriers which are educate our community about the important of Green Building practices, expand the opportunities of professional training and education in sustainable practices and government should provide economic incentives for sustainable building project.


Abstract : Due to two factors: 1) the loss of control over security matters in its territory by the state, and 2) the lack of credibility of the civil security forces, as well as the unforeseen effects of the pressure applied by the governments of Colombia and Mexico in close alliance to that of the United States of America, the drug cartels have used Guatemalan territory as a beachhead through which a large quantity of narcotics are being shipped. This is why this thesis begins with the question: What changes should the Guatemalan Army implement in order to generate the capabilities which will allow it to fight drug trafficking in its national territory? To face this challenge the Guatemalan Army could use the DOTMLPF (Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership, Personnel, and Facilities) in order to identify those gaps in its present and projected capabilities which prevent it from accomplishing the missions assigned by the political constitution of the republic. By doing so, it would be possible to augment, equip, train, and utilize its personnel in the protection of the national territory. This, in turn, when coordinated with national power, would help reduce narco-trafficking and related crimes.


The paper aiming at the ancient architecture safety characteristics of fire fight,analysis fire risk and reason and inducing the ancient architecture the fire fight problem,put forward method and measures that strengthens and improves the ancient architecture a fire prevention,for protecting the ancient architecture betterly.


What's the motivation behind software engineering licensure, what's the latest information regarding examination content, and when will the examination begin to be administered?


An insurance company is interested in reducing the rag content of some of its forms from 100% rag stock to 75 or 50% or even less. Information is sought with regard to the probable permanence of such papers after about 150 years. The three answers given to this inquiry are more or less in agreement that rag-content papers made with high alpha pulps to approach the permanence of 100% rag papers are not commercially available and if prepared to such high standards, will not allow a significant price differential. Since purified wood pulps are of comparatively recent origin, nobody has yet had experience with their keeping qualities after 150 years, whereas high-grade, glue-sized, all-rag papers have stood the test of time for even longer periods. In addition, handling and storage conditions must be taken into account; acid environments can be very damaging to any paper, but all-rag papers undoubtedly suffer least under such conditions. -- AATA


With the fantastic development of traffic and communication technology,human communication becomes more and more frequent,followed by frequent language contact,which in turn results in language competition,lingustic hegemony and language endangerment.The nature of language and its social value,together with language attitude,promote the birth of language rights and encourage language maintenance.The international practices on maintenance of endangered languages give implications for Chinese international popularization and minority language protection in China.


Пленку CoSi 2 2 In this study, the optimal regime for the formation of CoSi 2 pellets by high-temperature pressing is determined. A CoSi 2 /SiO 2 /Si(111) film was created by deposition of CoSi 2 onto a SiO 2 /Si(111) substrate sputtered under the action of a solid-state pulsed laser. A study of the dependence of the energy of photons absorbed by the film on the wavelength of incident photons showed that the band gap is very sensitive to wavelengths in the visible and IR regions. X-ray diffraction analysis of the CoSi 2 /SiO 2 /Si(111) system formed at thermal heating showed that the CoSi 2 film has a polycrystalline structure. The elemental composition and band gap of the CoSi 2 film of various thicknesses were determined by scanning electron microscopy. For a CoSi 2 film with a thickness of ≈ 3 monolayers the band gap is ~0.8 eV, and for a bulk CoSi 2 film it is ~0.6 eV. of incident photons showed that the band gap is very sensitive to wavelengths in the visible and IR regions. X-ray diffraction analysis of the CoSi 2 /SiO 2 /Si(111) system formed at thermal heating showed that the CoSi 2 film has a polycrystalline structure. The elemental composition and band gap of the CoSi 2 film of various thicknesses were determined by scanning electron microscopy. For a CoSi 2 film with a thickness of ≈ 3 monolayers the band gap is ~0.8 eV, and for a bulk CoSi 2 film it is ~0.6 eV.


E-Commerce recommendation systems suggest products or services to a customer based on demographics of the customer or based on an analysis of the past purchasing behavior of the customer. In this paper, we propose a recommendation rule extraction technique using decision tree induction techniques. An experiment has been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach with preferences coring and random selection.


We present the development and first astronomical applications of VPH grisms which are now operated at cryogenic temperature in MOIRCS, a Cassegrain near-infrared instrument of the Subaru Telescope. We designed and fabricated the VPH grisms with a resolving power ~3000 for the use in near-infrared bands. The VPH grating, encapsulated in BK7 glass, is glued between two ZnSe prisms with vertex angle of 20 deg. After repeating several thermal cycles down to ~100 K carefully enough not to cause irreparable damage on the grism during cooling, we evaluated the performance at cryogenic temperature in the laboratory and found no deterioration and no large difference in the performance from that measured in room temperature. Based on commissioning observations with MOIRCS, we have confirmed the high efficiency (~0.8) and the resolving power of the original design. Common use of the grisms is due to start in the second semester of 2008.


In this paper, we provide a distributed methodology to allow a network of agents, tasked to execute a distributed algorithm, to overcome Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks that aim at steering the result of the algorithm toward inconsistent values or dangerous configurations. We want the agents to be able to restore the correct result of the algorithm despite the attacks. To this end, we provide a distributed algorithm to let the set of agents, interconnected by an undirected network topology, construct several edge-disjoint spanning trees by assigning labels to their incident edges. The ultimate objective is to use these spanning trees to run multiple instances of the same distributed algorithm in parallel, in order to detect MITM attacks or other faulty or malicious link behavior (e.g., when the instances yield different results) and to restore the correct result (when the majority of instances is unaffected). The proposed algorithm is lightweight and asynchronous, and is based on iterated depth-first visits on the graph. We complement this paper with a thorough analysis of the performance of the proposed algorithms.


Ant colonies, and more generally social insect societies, are distributed systems that, in spite of the simplicity of their individuals, present a highly structured social organization. As a result of this organization, ant colonies can accomplish complex tasks that in some cases far exceed the individual capabilities of a single ant. The field of ''ant algorithms'' studies models derived from the observation of real ants' behaviour, and uses these models as a source of inspiration for the design of novel algorithms for the solution of optimization and distributed control problems. The main idea is that the self-organizing principles which allow the highly coordinated behaviour of real ants can be exploited to coordinate populations of artificial agents that collaborate to solve computational problems. Several different aspects of the behaviour of ant colonies have inspired different kinds of ant algorithms. Examples are foraging, division of labour, brood sorting, and cooperative transport. In all these examples, ants coordinate their activities via stigmergy, a form of indirect communication mediated by modifications of the environment. For example, a foraging ant deposits a chemical on the ground which increases the probability that other ants will follow the same path. Biologists have shown that many colony-level behaviours observed in social insects can be explained via rather simple models in which only stigmergic communication is present. In other words, biologists have shown that it is often sufficient to consider stigmergic, indirect communication to explain how social insects can achieve self-organization. The idea behind ant algorithms is then to use a form of artificial stigmergy to coordinate societies of artificial agents. One of the most successful examples of ant algorithms is known as ''ant colony optimization,'' or ACO, and is the subject of this work. ACO is inspired by the foraging behaviour of ant colonies, and targets discrete optimization problems. This work describes how real ants have inspired the definition of artificial ants that can solve discrete optimization problems.


This paper examines the relationship between asset risk and franchise values and between asset risk and ownership structure. Stock price data from publicly traded S&L is used to measure portfolio risk and franchise or charter values. The empirical results provide support for the moral hazard hypothesis. The standard deviation of equity returns is negatively related to S&L franchise values, as measured by the market-to-book asset ratio. This research also finds empirical support for models of managerial entrenchment in the thrift industry. We find evidence of a nonlinear relationship between risk and insider control. The standard deviation of equity returns initially falls then rises as ownership is concentrated in the hands of officers and directors.


Masking protein (MP), which neutralizes the activity of transforming growth factor type (31 (TGF-fl1), is composed of a dimeric N-terminal part of a TGF-(31 precursor of Mr 39,000 and an unknown large subunit of Mr 105,000120,000. The deduced primary structure of the MP large subunit was elucidated by determining the nucleotide sequence of its cDNA. The cDNA encodes a prepro-precursor of 1712 amino acid residues with a calculated Mr of 186,596. The mature large subunit seems to be derived proteolytically from a prepro-precursor and the calculated Mr is 91,606. The precursor has seven N-linked glycosylation sites and an unusual structure containing 18 epidermal growth factor-like domains and four cysteine-rich internal repeats. The large subunit mRNA is synthesized in parallel with the expression of TGF-(31 mRNA in various rat tissues. Transforming growth factor type f (TGF-,3) is well recognized as a multifunctional regulator for cell growth and differentiation (1, 2). TGF-f3 was first identified by its ability to induce anchorage-independent growth of normal fibroblasts in soft agar, like malignant cells (3). TGF-,B is a ubiquitous protein in mammals and is synthesized by various normal and transformed cells. TGF-p8 also is thought to be a potent regulator ofwound healing, the immune response, and bone remodeling in vivo. TGF-,81 is also known to be synthesized and secreted in a latent form from a wide variety of normal cells, including platelets (4-6). This latency is due to its formation of a complex with a high molecular weight binding protein, which has been named masking protein (MP) because of its function in reversibly masking TGF-/31 activity (6). Under physiological conditions, these components formed a high molecular weight complex of Mr -400,000 linked by noncovalent bonds. The latent TGF-,81 complex is activated in vitro by treatment with acid, urea, and heat (7, 8). MP may be important in regulation ofthe extracellular activity ofTGF-/31 at local sites of various tissues during many biological phenomena. Previously, we reported the purification and structural analysis of the latent TGF-,B1 complex from rat platelets (7). MP is a glycoprotein ofMr 180,000, which is composed ofone dimeric small subunit of Mr 39,000 and a single molecule of the large subunit of Mr 105,000-120,000 linked by disulfide bonds (7, 8). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the MP small subunit was identical to the N-terminal part of the TGF-p precursor lacking a signal sequence (8, 9). Here we report the deduced primary structure of the MP large subunit from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA and expression of the mRNA in various rat tissues.§ Table 1. Amino acid sequences of four peptide fragments derived from the MP large subunit of rat


Single sign-on (SSO) protocols allow one person to use the same login credentials for several organizations. Enterprises face increasing competitive pressure to position themselves with regard to SSO, yet the ramifications of a move to SSO are not fully understood. In this paper we discuss OpenID, a relatively new SSO protocol that is gaining traction on the web. We apply enterprise application modelling techniques to OpenID in order to obtain well-founded decision aids for enterprises: we show how published modelling approaches can be used to analyse risks in OpenID, and show that these can identify security problems with common OpenID practice. Finally, we propose analysis principles that condense important general insights of authentication modelling.


The function of farmer workers is a hot point of social concern and research.In recent years,much achievement in research into has been made in theory field and in practice.This paper,on the basis of summarizing the achievements,reviews the research status quo in order to provide reference for further research.


Nuchal translucency (NT) is the assessment of the amount of fluid behind the neck of the fetus, also known as the nuchal fold. An anechoic space is visible and measurable sonographically in all fetuses between the 11th and the 14th week of the pregnancy (Figure 1). Underlying patho‐ physiological mechanisms for nuchal fluid collection under the skin include cardiac dysfunc‐ tion, venous congestion in the head and neck, altered composition of the extracellular matrix, failure of lymphatic drainage, fetal anemia or hypoproteinemia and congenital infection [1]. The abnormal accumulation of nuchal fluid decreases after the 14th week.


Summary Modern wheat breeding programs aim to create cultivars with high genetic potential for yield and bread-making quality. Th e eff ectiveness of selection in segregating generations depends on the heritability of the traits under selection and on the correlations among traits. Th e aim of this study was to compare realized heritability of 1000 kernel weight and fi ve indirect bread-making quality traits (grain protein content, wet gluten content, gluten index, the Zeleny sedimentation value and Pelshenke value) between segregating generations (F4 to F6) of two bi-parental wheat crosses, calculated using four diff erent methods, and to estimate phenotypic correlations among these traits. Realized heritability of investigated traits, estimated as parent-off spring regression, ranged from 0.21 to 0.79. Realized heritability for wet gluten content, gluten index and Pelshenke value was much higher in comparison with other quality traits. Correlations between the four methods used to calculate realized heritability revealed the best agreement between heritability estimated as parent-off spring regression and that based on divergent screening, and the lowest agreement between realized heritabilities based on upward and downward screening. Strong positive correlations were observed among grain protein content, wet gluten content, and Zeleny sedimentation value; and strong negative correlations between gluten index on one side and grain protein content and wet gluten content on the other side.


"Hedging Bets on Hard Problems", by Charles Seife, Sci ence, vol. 275, p. 33, Jan. 3, 1997. "An Economics Approach to Hard Computational Prob lems", Benardo A. Huberman et al., Science, vol. 275, pp. 51–54, Jan. 3, 1997. Physical Mapping of Chromosomes "Physical Mapping of chromosomes Using Unique Probes' Faird Alizadeh et al., Chapter 54, pp. 489–500. "Random Competition: A Simple, but Efficient Method for Parallelizing Inference Systems", Wolfgang Ertel, Parallel ization in Inference Systems, B. Fronhofer et al., Eds. pp. 195-207, 1992. "Minimizing conflicts: a heuristic repair method for con Straint Satisfaction and Scheduling problems", Steven Minton et al. Artificial Intelligence, vol. 58, pp. 161-205 (1992). "A New Method for Solving Hard Satisfiability Problems", Problem Solving: Constraint Satisfaction, Selman et al. pp. 440-446.


Many academic researches about Wenchuan earthquake have been carried out since 2008 till now. This paper aims to analyze the research field of the Wenchuan Earthquake by using scientometrics and scientific visualization techniques. CiteSpace II was used to map the intellectual structure of the research field of the Wenchuan Earthquake based on 1075 documents that appear in academic literatures on this topic between 2008 and 2012 and the co-citation maps analyzed and visualized here show the major areas of research, prominent articles, major knowledge producers and journals in the research field of the Wenchuan Earthquake.


Method for producing gold layers on a workpiece having a surface palladium is used in said process a) an aqueous solution containing I. at least one compound selected from compounds containing gold ions (I) and gold (III) and II. additionally at least one organic compound selected from formic acid, aromatic carboxylic acids of the following chemical formula ** ** formula in which R1 ... R4 are H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, OH, and salts, esters or amides of these compounds, b) the solution is adjusted to pH between1 and 6 by addition of the corresponding reagents and c) the part to be coated is contacted with the solution.


This study utilized a causal-comparative research design to explore the similarities and differences between non-certified and certified grief counselors in the areas of education, training, experience, credentials, and supervision. Respondents included 623 non-certified and certified grief counselors, all of whom were members of the Association for Death Education and Counseling (ADEC). The response rate was 63 percent. The findings of this study provide data on certified and non-certified grief counselors who are members of ADEC. Certified grief counselors report significantly more experience as counselors at the post-master's level, significantly more grief counseling experience, significantly more credentials, significantly higher mean composite scores on the 14 knowledge areas adapted from ADEC (1995) and the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC), and significantly higher scores on 12 of the 14 individual knowledge areas. ADEC is the oldest multi-disciplinary professional organization dedicated to promoting excellence in death education, bereavement counseling, and care of the dying. Through theory and research, ADEC provides information, support, and resources to its multicultural membership, and through them, to the public. ADEC is the only professional organization that provides credentialing in grief counseling and death education.


Early detection and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions susceptible to sudden rupture and thrombosis may decrease morbidity and mortality. Plaque development has been extensively studied using MRI in animal models of rapidly progressing atherosclerosis. These transgenic mice develop atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root by 10 weeks of age and throughout the vasculature thereafter. Transplantation of lesion‐containing segments of the thoracic aorta into wild‐type mice results in nearly total reversal of atherosclerosis, making it possible to study both progression and regression of plaques in this model. MRI permits the non‐invasive accurate assessment of atherosclerotic plaque burden and the differentiation between the lipid and fibrous content of individual plaques, thus providing a non‐invasive approach to serially monitor the evolution of individual plaques in the mouse models. Emergence of novel contrast agents that target a diverse set of molecules within the plaque are now helping to elucidate the changes at the cellular and molecular levels during plaque progression and regression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A well‐posed boundary‐value problem is obtained of the first‐passage probability for a linear single‐degree‐of‐freedom vibratory system with a linear viscous damping and subjected to either stationary or nonstationary white‐noise excitation.


In this paper the radiation pattern of Uniform linear arrays like Broad Side Array and End Fire Array with reduced side lobes is generated. For some applications, single element antennas are unable to meet the gain or radiation pattern requirements. So combining several single antenna elements in an array can be a possible solution. Array is a system of similar antennas oriented similarly to get greater directivity in a desired direction. Various techniques can be used to reduce the side lobes in the radiation pattern. Here, we employ windowing techniques for the reduction of side lobes. MATLAB (7.12) is the Simulation Platform. Various Windows used are Rectangular, Hamming, Hanning, Gaussian, Blackmann, Bartlett, Tukey, Parzen, Kaiser Windows


The Fanconi anemia pathway aids in maintaining genomic stability through coordination of several repair pathways in order to respond to DNA interstrand crosslinking (ICL). The hererodimer ERCCI/XPF has been implicated in various contrasting roles in the repair ofiCL. Immunofluoresence and immunoblotting was carried out on lysates from ERCCI siRNA depleted GM639 human immortalized fibroblast cells. We demonstrate hERCCl is not required for the formation of double strand breaks in response to MMC, DEB, or HU, but is required for hFANCD2 monoubiquitination in response to these clastogens. Additionally, depletion ofhERCCl reduces the level of abnormal chromosome structures known as radials when co-depleted with hFANCA. We conclude hERCCl acts downstream ofH2AX phosphorylation, but upstream of the formation of radials and activation of the FA pathway, both in response to MMC, DEB and HU suggesting a common intermediate produced by these ICL inducing agents and HU induced stalled replication forks. Our work suggests the FA pathway acts not on double strand breaks, but rather, on an intermediate produced in the resolution of collapsed replication forks resulting from ICL inducing agents and stalled replication forks.


Using Yanchuan Tuan date(Zizyphus jujube) as experimental material and basied on fixed water addition and adopting the mixed enzyme (with a weight ratio of 1∶2 between the pectinase and cellulase of) to hydrolyze,a single factor experiment was carried out on processing technique parameters of red date juice,such as the enzyme dosage,the enzymolysis temperature and extraction time.The results showed that better extracting effect could be reached under the following conditions enzyme dosage 1 800 mg·L-1,enzymolysis temperature 40℃ extraction time 4 h.The contents of soluble solids,Vitamin C,total sugar were 12.9%,3.8 mg·mL-1 and 9.04% respectively the extracts obtained under the conditions above mentioned.


Corrugated plastic folded type heat exchanger is a heat exchanger of new construction with low requirement on material thermoconductivity, convenience in fabrication, and is suitable for heat exchange applications of medium or low pressure fluids. Its low cost, light weight, transparence, as well as acid-and alkali-resistance make it a very cost-effective heat-ex-changing device. Thermostatic ventilator manufactured according to the present construction, can carry out ventilation while ensuring that no loss of heat occurs during ventilation, making it suitable for ventilation and air-renewal in rooms and workshops with space cooling and heating equipment. The present construction can also be used to the manufacture of energy-saving temp.-lowering ventilator suitable for the ventilation and cooling of common rooms.


Introduction 1 1. Lecture 1 1 The algebra of sets 2 Difference and Symmetric Difference 2 Complements 3 2. Lecture 2 3 Ordered Pairs 4 Relations 4 Equivalence Relations 5 Back to P (x) 5 3. Lecture 3 5 Last Time 5 + in Z 6 · in Z 7 Order in Z 7 4. Lecture 4 8 Last Time 8 Consequences of order in Z 8 Well ordering principle for Z 9 Consequences of well ordering 9 5. Lecture 5 9 Last Time 9 Proof by Induction 10 Equivalence relations and equivalence classes 10 Divisibility 11 Equivalence Classes of ∼ 11 6. Lecture 6 12 Last Time 12 The equivalence classes of the equivalence relation Rn 12 Constructing Q 12 7. Lecture 7 13 Last Time 13 Properties of Q 13 Proposition 6.1 14 Functions 15 8. Lecture 8 15 Last Time 15 More about functions 15 9. Lecture 9 17


According to a classical formula due to Furstenberg and Khasminskii the top Lyapunov exponent of a random linear cocycle can be expressed as a phase average of a function over projective space. Using a description of the Oseledets spaces as intersections of two flags of random subspaces of the phase space, one forward and one backward in time, we derive similar formulas for the remaining Lyapunov exponents of the cocycle generated by a linear stochastic differential equation. This approach makes elements of anticipative calculus enter the scene quite naturally. Indeed, in the correction terms appearing in the analogues of the Furstenberg-Khasminskii formula, averages of the Malliavin gradient of the orthogonal projectors on the Oseledets spaces come into play explicitly


Oestrous synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) are two advanced reproductive technologies that dairy and beef cattle productions are increasingly using to enhance their herds' reproductive performance. However, oestrus synchronization can be influenced by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare the effects of body condition score (BCS) and lactation status on oestrus response rate and pregnancy rates of dairy and beef cows submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI) with sex-sorted or non-sex-sorted semen. For this study 231 cows (dairy; n = 134 and beef; n = 97) with BCS of ≤2.5, 3 and ≥3.5 (scale 1: emaciated to 5: obese), lactating or dry and at 90 days postpartum were used. On any given day throughout the oestrous cycle (Day 0) the cows received a controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR ® , Pfizer Laboratories) device, with 2 mL intramuscular (i.m.) of estradiol benzoate ® (EB; VTech). On Day 5, 2.5 mL i.m. of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (Chronogest ® , Intervet International B.V.


Independent of their beneficial effects on hypertension and cardiovascular related disease, angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) blockers can improve stress‐related symptoms. AT1R receptor‐mediated actions can be counteracted directly or indirectly by the angiotensin receptor type 2 receptor (AT2R). Our recent studies in a mouse model of PTSD have shown that AT1R blockade increases the extinction (learned inhibition) of a traumatic fear memory and that AT1R mRNA expression is reduced in fear related brain regions of losartan treated animals. These data imply that downstream AT1 signaling events maybe important in consolidation of fear memory extinction. Therefore we investigated the acute effects of AT2R inhibition on fear memory and baseline anxiety. We performed classical Pavlovian fear conditioning pairing auditory cues with foot shocks and examined fear extinction behavior and cardiovascular responses in the presence of the AT2R antagonist PD 123319. Twenty‐four hours following fear conditioning, PD 123319 (15 mg/kg IP) was administered prior to fear memory extinction. The PD treated group exhibited significantly less freezing behavior (F10, 300 = 1.9; p<0.05) during fear expression and contrary to our previous results with the AT1 antagonist losartan, there was no effect during extinction retention, an index of long‐term fear memory. These data indicate that AT1R and AT2R may have divergent effects on short and long‐term fear memory formation. Further studies are required to understand the differential regulation of angiotensin receptor signaling in PTSD.


The magnetization process of the $S$=1/2 antiferromagnetic spin ladder with the four-spin cyclic exchange interaction at T=0 is studied by the exact diagonalization of finite clusters and size scaling analyses. It is found that a magnetization plateau appears at half the saturation value if the ratio of the four- and two-spin exchange coupling constants $J_4$ is larger than the critical value $J_{4c}=0.05\pm$0.04. The phase transition with respect to $J_4$ at $J_{4c}$ is revealed to be the Kosterlitz-Thouless-type.


Dynamic channel assignment (DCA) schemes can provide a more efficient solution than fixed channel assignment (FCA) schemes for future mobile cellular networks to meet the requirements of the ever-growing number of mobile users. This is due to due to its better adaptability to unevenly-distributed and changing traffic load. However, it is observed that in DCA with the soft handoff policy, a handoff call will suffer a higher dropping probability than the blocking probability of a new call in the case of no handoff prioritization. This is definitely undesirable from the user's point of view. The channel carrying approach, which allows a mobile station to continue to use its currently occupied channel when it handoffs to a new cell, can easily change the stated situation above. We investigate two channel carrying strategies through simulations, and find that the one called "channel carrying last" performs better.


This essay analyzes homosexual expression in five 1982 Hollywood motion pictures: Victor/Victoria, Making Love, Personal Best, Deathtrap, and Partners. The study shows that, as a group, the films work through paradox in carrying their message to the viewers. One paradox the films generate contrasts the homosexual as inferior with the homosexual as a healthy cog in society's mainstream; the second portrays the conflict between acceptance into society alongside its other members versus maintaining one's distinct identity as lesbian or gay. The study concludes that paradox can enrich audiences by urging them to view concepts in new and thought‐demanding ways.


Objective To understand the clinical significance and diagnosis value of serum interleukin-6(IL-6) levels in the patients with respiratory infection and non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods The serum levels of IL-6 in 61 patients with NSCLC,and 36 patients with respiratory infection and 30 of the healthy was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The data showed that mean serum IL-6 levels in patients with NSCLC was higher than in the healthy( P 0 01) and lower than in respiratory infection( P 0 05).The serum IL-6 levels in each stage of NSCLC was different respectively.stage Ⅲa,stage Ⅲb and stage Ⅳ had significantly higher serum IL-6 levels than stage Ⅰa~Ⅱb( P 0 05),but serum IL-6 levels in stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb and stage Ⅳ were no significantly different( P 0 05).Serum IL-6 levels in each type of NSCLC were no significantly different( P 0 05).Conclusion We consider that increased IL-6 level could be used as one of differential diagnostic marker of NSCLC;Serum IL-6 levels may be a reference of judging each stage of NSCLC and predicting prognosis.


Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used to denote concurrently the two chronic inflammatory conditions of Gastrointestinal (GI) tract viz: Chron's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). This study has aimed to focus on Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) which is an active phytochemical derivate from the gum resin of the Boswellia serrata in order to investigate its anti-inflammatory potential against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: The 3% of Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) polymer in drinking water was fed to different mice groups with distinct timeline for both acute (7days) and chronic colitis induction (3 cycles of 5 days feeding with 15 days gap method). The anti-inflammatory activity of AKBA (50 mg/kg) was evaluated by performing various anti-oxidant assays on tissue homogenate samples (colon, liver, and kidney) and further histological studies. Result: The oral administration of AKBA (50 mg/kg) had managing effects in IBD mice. Results showed that AKBA lowered the inflammation and soreness compared to the DSS administered mice groups. The histopathology of the intestinal wall was performed and clear morphological changes were observed under light microscopy of both acute and chronic colitis groups of mice. Furthermore, various anti-oxidant assays were performed on tissue sections of chronic colitis mice. Results from histological studies indicated that the chemo-preventive effect of AKBA was attributed to a collection of activities including anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, and anti-inflammation. Conclusions: In accordance with the findings, the AKBA active derivative showed anti-inflammatory activity against the DSS induced acute and chronic colitis in mice. However, further clinical studies need to be done to bring AKBA as a potential anti-inflammatory drug candidate for treating IBD.


A classical experiment is the sequence of papers based on the Radish dataset published by Steffen Gutmann. These papers were the basis of the Markov and Gaussian Localization chapter of the textbook 'Probabilistic Robotics'. The same dataset can be used for simultaneous localization and mapping, when the locations of the landmarks are not longer given. This gives a nice benchmark, with a very manageable set of landmarks (six) and realistic noise for both the movement and observation model of the Aibo robot. This paper describes a comparison of a number of well known simultaneous localization and mapping algorithms, including the details to get these algorithms working for this dataset.


T MAY SEEM PRESUMPTUOUS TO REOPEN a question for which such critics as Hunter, Fleay,' Clapp, Furnivall, Halliwell, Wright,2 and Kittredge have not found a satisfactory answer. "Four days will quickly steep themselves in night," says Hippolyta in the opening scene of A Midsummer Night's Dream (I. i. 7 ff.); "Four nights will quickly dream away the time." The trouble here, as Kittredge briefly defines it, is that "the four days and four nights," which are by Hippolyta's count to precede the wedding day, "are not fully spanned" in the text of the play as we have it.3 The dramatic action ought to cover five days; actually, only three are accounted for. Critics have ascribed this apparent time discrepancy, in a play compounded of magical discrepancies, to carelessness on Shakespeare's part (forgivable, to be sure), to his working hastily to meet a deadline (possibly for a court performance or a noble wedding), or to his revising the play at some later date (when he did not catch the inconsistencies in the chronology of the action). In the view of one critic, indeed, the key time reference in the opening lines of the play was simply an "after-thought."4 In the absence of incontrovertible proof, one is almost tempted to concede it all-nolo contendere-not because the arguments are convincing, but because the alternative of being cornered into defending the retort that Genius Can Do No Wrong is bound to be frustrating.5 Unfortunately, however, the problem persists, forcing itself upon us with every new reading of the play. Could Shakespeare really have included so many references to time without some sort of dramatic design? Genius may be subject to error and carelessness, but would it make such a point of it? Whatever grudging concession one may make to chameleon logic, instinct shies away from the suggestion that Shake-


We present the first demonstration of quasi-phase-matched frequency conversion of laser light into the extremeultraviolet (EUV) region of the spectrum.


A Fortran package, BIFDE, which assists in the Hopf bifurcation analysis in systems of autonomous functional-differential equations, is described. Designed for flexibility, the program resolves generic and first-order nongeneric Hopf bifurcations in systems not necessarily of delay-difference (or even finite delay) form. The program's capabilities are illustrated by its application to a nonlinear model of 'chugging' in liquid-propellant fuel rockets.<<ETX>>