FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medication for treatment of infectious disease, cancer treatment, wound healing and/or detoxification of subject, which contains nanoparticles of heterocrystalline mineral selected from group of heterocrystalline minerals SiO 2 , quartzite, grothite, leucoxene and rutilated quartz. Nanoparticles of said minerals have sizes from 0.5 to 200 nm, have ability to desorption in water, can be transported into cell by DNA molecule and can be applied together with anti-metabolic anti-tumour medication. EFFECT: nanoparticles of heterocrystalline minerals demonstrate high chemical and biological activity. 13 cl, 3 ex, 2 dwg


In a real-time hybrid computing system using an analog and a digital computer joined by ADC and DAC linkage, the continuous analog signals are inevitably sampled and delayed by the ADC-digital computer-DAC execution time. We propose a method of compensating for this error in which the digital computer predicts the integral of the ideal continuous output over each delayed sample period. This predicted integral, then, determines the DAC output having the same integral value over the delayed sample period. Here we have considered only the zero- order hold DAC, but the method is easily extended to other types of hold circuits. The digital prediction algo rithm is based on backward difference extrapolation of the values derived from present and past DAC samples. We tested the effectiveness of this method in a hybrid circle test. Z-transform numerical calculations indicate that sampling rates as low as 20 samples per cycle of oscilla tion and digital execution time as long as 9/10 of a sample period are permissible when backward differences up to the fifth order are used. An actual hybrid circle test with only 10-bit rounded off accuracy in the converters con firmed the effectiveness of the method, even in the pres ence of errors in the analog error range. Using numerical inversion of the z-transform model we computed a number of charts to guide hybriders in select ing a suitable order of the compensation algorithm and sampling frequency. The graphs show the divergence (due to uncompensated time delay) and frequency error (due to loop gain error) as functions of sampling frequency. The parameters for these graphs are digital execution time and the order of the backward difference algorithm.


Abstract The aim of this article is to determine the effect of the addition of dispersed reinforcement on the resilient modulus of non-cohesive soil used as material for improved subgrade or subbase course of the pavement structure. Resilient modulus (Mr) is a parameter used in road construction, which characterises soil subgrade or base aggregates stiffness in flexible pavement subjected to the traffic load. This article presents laboratory test results of non-cohesive coarse material (gravelly sand – grSa – without fines) with the addition of 1.5% cement and dispersed reinforcement – polypropylene fibres in lengths of 12, 18 and 40 mm. Tests were conducted on the samples with various percentages of fibres (0, 0.2 and 0.3%) relating to the dry mass of the soil. Samples were compacted according to the standard Proctor (SP) and modified Proctor (MP) methods. Main laboratory tests were conducted in the triaxial apparatus enabling testing samples subjected to cyclic loads according to AASHTO T307 standard. Resilient modulus was determined after 7 and 28 days of curing. The results indicate the influence of fibre amount, fibre length, and curing time on the Mr of the soil modified with 1.5% of cement. The obtained results were also influenced by the method of compaction. The addition of polypropylene fibres decreases the resilient modulus of soil stabilised by 1.5% of cement. The best results of dispersive reinforcement were obtained for samples containing 0.3% of fibres with a length of 18 mm, compacted by the MP methods.


Qubits A, B and C, initially prepared in a like-GHZ state, are distributed to three remote receivers through a decoherence environment. A weak measurement is firstly performed on each qubit before experiencing the decoherence channel, and then the receivers carry out a quantum measurement reversal on individual qubit after receiving them. The qubits' entanglement is evaluated by means of negativity. The results show the pre- and post-measurements' strength has an important influence on tripartite entanglement for the initially given state, and proper pre- and post-measurements' strength always effectively improves tripartite entanglement, which is significant to protect entanglement from decoherence.


Abstract : The feasibility of using a microsatellite to accomplish an orbital rendezvous with a noncooperative target was evaluated. This study focused on identifying and further exploring the technical challenges involved in achieving a noncooperative rendezvous. A system engineering analysis and review of past research quickly led to a concentration on the guidance, navigation, and control elements of the microsatellite operation. The integration of control and orbit determination algorithms was investigated. A simple yet robust solution could not be found to meet reasonable rendezvous criteria, using essentially off-the-shelf technology and algorithms. System feasibility has been assessed to have a low probability in the very near term.


Provided is a method for preparing a used SCR de-NOx catalyst, comprising recovering a used SCR de-NOx catalyst of which service life is substantially terminated, cleaning and rinsing the recovered catalyst, performing performance inspection of the catalyst, acid-treating the performance inspection finished catalyst, correcting performance of the acid-treated catalyst, and heat-treating the catalyst. A method for preparing a used SCR de-NOx catalyst comprises: a contaminant cleaning step of removing contaminants presenting on a surface of a recovered SCR(selective catalytic reduction) catalyst using compressed air; an ultrasonic rinsing step of rinsing the cleaning step finished catalyst using ultrasonic waves; a catalyst inspection step of inspecting performance of the rinsing step finished catalyst; an acid-treating step of acid-treating the inspection step finished catalyst; a performance correcting step of correcting performance of the acid-treating step finished catalyst; and a heat-treating step of heat-treating the performance correcting step finished catalyst. The ultrasonic rinsing step is performed by rinsing the catalyst using ultrasonic waves for 30 minutes after injecting the recovered SCR catalyst and water into a reactor having an ultrasonic equipment.


Copyright© Taylor & Francis 2006. ISSN 1745–3674. Printed in Sweden – all rights reserved. DOI 10.1080/17453670610046208 A 31-year-old man sustained a severe fracture dislocation of the left hip as a result of a road traffic accident in 2001. There was a subcapital fracture of the femoral head with complete separation of the head from the femoral neck, and posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum (Figure 1). The initial management was open reduction and internal fixation, and the immediate postoperative radiograph showed the screws to be in a satisfactory position within the femoral head. After 1 year, the patient was walking with one crutch and the range of movement of the left hip was restricted due to severe pain. At this time, his hip score (HS) was 52 of a possible 100 (Harris 1969). Radiography demonstrated a united femoral fracture, but the fixation screws had penetrated the hip joint due to collapse of the osteonecrotic femoral head, and there was narrowing of the joint space (Figure 2). Taking the young age of the patient into account, we decided to proceed with autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). The first stage was performed 21 months after the original injury. During an arthroscopy of the ipsilateral knee, 240 mg of macroscopically normal full depth cartilage was harvested from the low load area of the medial trochlea. The tissue was transported to a dedicated clinical cell culture laboratory for isolation and expansion of the chondrocytes as previously


In human mitochondria, the characterization of multiple functional and structural interactions of mitochondrial chaperones is needed for the understanding of the cellular protein biogenesis as well as of the process of carcinogenesis. In light of current available data, we propose that mitochondrial Hsp70, Hsp60/10, DnaJ-like proteins, GrpE-like proteins, Clp/Hsp100, and Hsp90 families should be analyzed as a part of multi-chaperones-interactors network, and that single protein-protein interaction analysis does not constitute sufficient explanatory framework of carcinogenic potential of mitochondrial chaperones. We also believe that new chaperones and cell-cycle regulatory interactors are to be defined in the near future, but many technical and methodological efforts are needed before any generalization of the data will be possible and a reliable map of multi-chaperones-interactors network will be constructed.


Metaphysical commitments have important implications for moral choices. Suffering and dying are nested in a quite different context of meaning, if human existence is held to end with death rather than to go to judgment before God. In the West after the French Revolution, a culture marked by laicite and a disengagement from the transcendent emerged. This led to a rupture of the dominant European culture from the traditional Christian Ethics and rituals that guided preparation for death so that a post-Christian and post-metaphysical palliative care ethics now exists that increasingly accepts physicianassisted suicide and euthanasia. For countries whose dominant culture is still traditionally Christian, entering the European Union involves an encounter with this secular culture and its ethics. This essay explores the geography of some of the differences separating a secular palliative care ethics, which accepts physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia, from the traditional Christian Ethics that had previously been dominant. This change in the character of the dominant Ethics is associated with a foundational change in the meaning of much of morality, especially a demoralization and deflation of the traditional morality of end-of-life decision-making into matters of life-style and death-style choices.


Background & objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the cause of most of the disabilities and labor-induced absences in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between occupational and individual risk factors and the prevalence and outcomes of musculoskeletal disorders among the rescue department employee. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the rescue department employees of Qazvin. One hundred fourteen staffs were recruited in year 2016. Data gathering tool was Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression test were conducted using SPSS (ver 18). Results: Based on this study, 68.4% of the staff in the rescue department has suffered in one of the body regions during the last year. Musculoskeletal disorders in employee had 2.7 times negative association with lower level of education and higher work stress accordingly (staff with a high school diploma compared to bachelors) and (people with higher compared to higher stress). The Red Crescent workers were at higher risk of musculoskeletal disorders and work absence than fire workers (5.2 times in single-variable analysis and 13.09 in multivariate analysis). Conclusion: Factors including age, weight, work hours and history, education, type of job and work-related stress can affect the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its consequences. Among these factors, educations, type of job and stress during work have the most impact on prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and whole body and shoulder pain.


In Danish barleys the author confirms the relationships which L. R. Bishop has shown to exist between the individual proteins and the total protein, also the constancy of the percentage of glutelin in each variety. During storage of immature grain the salt-soluble protein changes to glutelin, such change being! rapid at 95°F. and slow or negligible at 40–50°F. A change in the reverse direction, that is, from glutelin to salt-soluble protein occurs when barley is dried. When barleys are malted in Saladin boxes the accumulation of carbon dioxide checks the growth of the embryo and assists in the accumulation of salt-soluble proteins in the malt.


In the practical engineering application,the two-stage vibration isolation system has been shown to be very effective for suppressing structural vibration.A dynamics model of two-stage vibration isolation system was established.Admittance theory and subsystem were used to deduce the transfer matrix of the vibration isolation system,and the power flow transmitted to the system was calculated.The vibration transmission characteristics of the isolation system were studied with the analysis of power flow and the vibration isolation of two-stage vibration isolation system was verified.The damping ratio and rigidity parameters of base board were researched to analyze the influence factor of a vibration transmission.The present research made an analysis and calculation of the two-stage vibration isolation system power flow,providing a theoretical basis for thestructural design of the vibration isolation system design of structure.


several years in a huge factory-like structure in Washington, D. C.,-a building which used to be a garage and storage warehouse for one of the city's large department stores. Here there is ample room for the charting and drafting tables which are required. The Division normally employs approxim tely 75 draftsmen, cartographers, statisticians and clerical people, but during the period of the last two years of preparation for the Sixteenth Decennial Census of 1940, employment within the Division has reached as high as 700, or nearly ten times the average permanent employment. The mass of work which was done in readying the geographical aspect of the field work nearly passes comprehension. The largest task was of course the preparation of maps for the use of the census enumerators, of which there were over 130,000 in all. Somewhere in the neighborhood of 122,000 enumerators were employed during April on the Continental population, housing, and agricultural surveys, and around 6,500 other enumerators were assigned to take the production and distribution censuses which took


Objective: Analysis of shaping ability of four different rotary endodontic instruments using spiral computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Eighty freshly extracted human mandibular first molars were used in the present study. Samples were randomly divided into four experimental groups with twenty samples in each group. Images of mesiobuccal canal of each sample were obtained pre- and post-operatively using spiral CT. All samples were prepared using their respective endodontic file systems (group I - ProTaper, group II - K3, group III - RaCe, and group IV - Mtwo). Image analyses were done using image analysis software for evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability. Data was then statistically analyzed using analysis of variance. Results: There was no statistically significance in transportation in their intergroup difference at any of the three locations (coronal, middle, and apical third). In centering ability there was no statistically significance in the coronal and middle third of the intergroup. However, there was a statistically significance of (P = 0.044) at the apical third between all the groups. Conclusion: Canals prepared with ProTaper had more canal transportation at all the three levels of root canal (coronal, middle, and apical third). Canals prepared with Mtwo were well centered at coronal and middle third whereas with RaCe canals were centered only at the apical third. All instruments showed some degree of canal aberrations in terms of shaping ability.


C J H P – Vol. 59, No. 4 – September 2006 J C P H – Vol. 59, n 4 – septembre 2006 challenging ourselves or our colleagues. Without the encouragement and support of my colleagues at CSHP, I know that I wouldn't be here, facing this new challenge. CSHP's Hospital Pharmacy Management Leadership Task Force, chaired by Robin Ensom, is exploring opportunities for CSHP to provide and support leadership development programs for hospital pharmacists. As the executive officer responsible for the Vision Portfolio, I will oversee Vision 2010. Being involved with Vision 2006 from the beginning has been both a learning and rewarding experience. Vision 2010 will introduce many exciting initiatives for the Society as a whole, and for our individual members. I can't wait to share them with you! CSHP wants to engage its members in practice goals and objectives (which will include national benchmarking and targets) and will continue to advocate for hospital pharmacists at the national and branch levels. And of course, we're still looking for ways to inspire, support, recognize, and reward our members. I believe it is very important for CSHP to recognize the "value" and "leadership potential" of our members. CSHP's volunteers drive the organization, and they should feel appreciated! So come out and get involved. You could be a leader-in-waiting!


Large area multi-chip LED devices, such as chip-on-board (CoB) LEDs, require the combined use of chip-level multi-domain compact LED models (Spice-like compact models) and the proper description of distributed nature of the thermal environment (the CoB substrate and phosphor) of the LED chips. In this paper, we describe such a new numerical solver that was specifically developed for this purpose. For chip-level, the multi-domain compact modeling approach of the Delphi4LED project is used. This chip-level model is coupled to a finite difference scheme based numerical solver that is used to simulate the thermal phenomena in the substrate and in the phosphor (heat transfer and heat generation). Besides solving the 3D heat-conduction problem, this new numerical simulator also tracks the propagation and absorption of the blue light emitted by the LED chips, as well as the propagation and absorption of the longer wavelength light that is converted by the phosphor from blue. Heat generation in the phosphor, due to conversion loss (Stokes shift), is also modeled. To validate our proposed multi-domain model of the phosphor, dedicated phosphor and LED package samples with known resin—phosphor powder ratios and known geometry were created. These samples were partly used to identify the nature of the temperature dependence of phosphor-conversion efficiency and were also used as simple test cases to "calibrate" and test the new numerical solver. With the models developed, combined simulation of the LED chip and the CoB substrate + phosphor for a known CoB LED device is shown, and the simulation results are compared to measurement results.


Smile aesthetics are one of the important criteria for evaluating the efficacy of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in the smile aesthetics perceptions of male and female adolescents regarding smile arc, gingival display, and buccal corridor. A selected photograph was modified digitally to obtain three different pictures for each variable. Smile aesthetic perceptions of 35 male and 35 female adolescents regarding the circum oral view were assessed using the Likert scale. There were no significant differences between the perceptions of the male and female adolescents regarding smi le arc, gingival display, and buccal corridor. Consonant smile arc, low gingival display, and medium buccal corridor are believed to contribute to the most aesthetically pleasing smile. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2017; 10(Special Issue): pp. 481-485)


Nowadays, e-learning becomes a popular learning strategies because of the advance in technology and the development of learning platforms. At present, most of platforms are designed for single topic rather than multiple topics and are difficultly extended to different topics, since learning mode, design, and limitations of applications for game-based learning. Therefore, in this study, we developed a tower defense game-based platform based on situated learning theory and constructivism of knowledge and this platform can be applied to diverse learning programs. In this platform, users can learn in a simulated scenario. Additionally, the flexible design of platforms will provide the usability and expandability of the system.


Second Balkan Conference, which is an important step for the Balkan Union, was held in ?stanbul in 20-26 February 1931. Turkey made a great effort for this conference to be successful. Association of Journalists, invited Greek and Bulgarian journalists to Turkey to both monitor the conference efforts and to make a favour for the hospitality shown in Greece and Bulgaria.And to monitor the second Balkan conference a crowded group of journalists came from Greece and Bulgaria who will maintain their researches and observations in ?stanbul then in Ankara in 20-26 October.This study will include the researches done by this group of journalists during their visit to ?stanbul and Ankara who were invited to Turkey by Association of Journalists.


Bank insurance is a product of modern financial innovation, within a short time has grown an important sector to promote the development of Chinese insurance and bank industries, this paper analyzes the development process and problems of Chinese bank insurance, and proposes a few strategies to develop Chinese bank insurance deep-seatedly.


The invention discloses a TV display method and device. The method is that a TV broadcast receiving module is used for receiving the currently playing TV broadcast program information and electronic program guide, then sending the currently playing TV broadcast program information to a display control module and sending the electronic program guide to a matching module; the matching module is used for searching and associating internet related information according to the received electronic program guide, and sending the associated result to the display control module; the display control module controls a display screen to display the currently playing TV broadcast program information within a first display area while receiving an instruction of opening an intelligent display mode, and dynamically display the internet associated information in a second display area, so as to display the TV broadcast program and the internet associated information through different sections in the same display screen under the same screen modes. With the adoption of the method and the device, a user can conveniently search to know internet information related to the current TV programs while watching the TV program, and therefore, the user experience is increased.


The traditional Canny operator cannot get the optimal threshold in different scene, on this foundation, an improved Canny edge detection algorithm based on adaptive threshold is proposed. The result of the experiment pictures indicate that the improved algorithm can get responsible threshold, and has the better accuracy and precision in the edge detection.


The multicenter integrals over harmonic oscillator functions expressed in terms of spherical polar coordinates are evaluated analytically using generalizations of the Talmi transformation. The results thus obtained are closed formulas containing only finite summations and known quantities. Numerical integration is no longer needed.


This study aims to investigate the spatial associations of luxury hotels by using geographical information system (GIS) tools and the multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to examine the relationships between the distribution of luxury hotels and exogenous (regional) determinants of urban subdistricts in which the luxury hotels are located. Shanghai City is used as an example. The study first introduces the spatial-temporal characteristics of luxury hotels in Shanghai City, and the key exogenous determinants that contribute to luxury hotel location choice are identified with the MGWR model. The nearest neighbor index decreased from 1.01 to 0.47 and Moran's I statistics increased from 0.268 to 0.452, revealing that the spatial-temporal evolution pattern of luxury hotels presents a cluster trend from 1995 to 2015. The significance level of the standard regression coefficient shows that the institutional proximity, room rate, green space and the World Expo are the primary determining factors that influence the distribution of luxury hotels in Shanghai City. The analysis is important theoretically, as it presents new and novel methodologies for shedding light on the influencing factors of the locational dynamics of luxury hotels. Meanwhile, it enriches the methodologies for analyzing the relationships between luxury hotels and urban structures, and it is important for practitioners, as it provides strategic information that would enable them to globally select appropriate locations for luxury hotels.


The characteristics of start-up and operation of IC reactor for ANAMMOX,which had an effective volume of 20 L and was fed with anaerobic sludge from a beer plant,was studied at the temperature of 30±1 ℃.The influent concentrations of NH+4-N and NO-2-N were kept at 120 mg/L and 150 mg/L respectively.The results showed that after the phases of acclimation,load increase and steady function in turn,the ANAMMOX IC reactor could be started-up successfully on the 130th day.The removal rates of NH+4-N and NO-2-N were about 82.1% and 94.5% respectively;the average ratio of removed NH+4-N,removed NO-2-N and produced NO-3-N was 1∶1.16∶0.3;granular sludge with 1~2 mm diameter were shaped in the reactor.


The effect of eyelid and eyelash occlusions on iris images is investigated in this study using subpattern-based approaches. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), subpattern-based PCA (spPCA) and modular PCA (mPCA) methods are used as feature extractors to recognize occluded iris images. In order to eliminate the effect of illumination changes, histogram equalization and mean-and-variance normalization techniques are used. Various experiments are carried out on UBIRIS, CASIA and MMU iris databases to demonstrate the effect of eyelid and eyelash occlusions on iris images. The results of the experiments are consistent with the results of other biometrics systems using PCA, spPCA and mPCA approaches.


In landfill leachate treatment projects,significant energy-saving effect could be achieved by using storage capacity of the leachate regulating tank,reasonable allocation of the number of blowers,using VVVF blower,controlling wastewater cooling system and controlling sludge reflux flow.


that Eco carries out both operations in view of a third one, that is, a possible intervention into the mode of reception of the message user (p. 39). The point about Eco's pre-semiotic voluntarism foreshadows and lays the basis for the subtle, consistent and lucid critique that is patiently built through chapters 3 and 4 ('Introducing the study of Signs' and 'A theory of Semiotics') but is explicitly argued for only in chapter 5 ('Semiotics Bounded and Unbound'). Reduced to the core, Caesar's argument is that a humanistic cast is present in all Eco's system of thought (pp. 81–2) and that it undermines semiotics as an intellectual enterprise by showing its major foible—the continual referral to a notion of the subject whose undertheorization can be accounted for only on a territorial ground. From La struttura assente (Bompiani, Milan, 1968) to A Theory of Semiotics (Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1976) Eco's privileging of the aesthetic message—Caesar argues—is but the complementary side of his enquiry on the mass communications message in that it allows him to construct the hypothetical ground on which the structural workings of a general reception moment can be theorized. The argument is compelling and convincingly constructed in the last section of chapter 3 ('Some provisional conclusions on the aesthetic message'). Yet the reader is left to ask for something more. On the one side, the book effectively enlightens him or her on Eco's dismantling of 'mass culture' as a fetish-concept. Yet, on the other one, it does not actually pursue a systematic questioning of the assumptions underlying Eco's use of the aesthetic message as the privileged cultural site whose structure informs also other domains of semiotic inquiry. The issue of the 'ghostly' subject of semiotics is further pursued in relation to Eco's theorization of the 'model reader' and the limits and possibilities such a working hypothesis presents. In chapter 6 and 7 ('Theory and Fiction' and 'Secrets, Paranoia and Critical Reading') Caesar goes through the peculiarities of the relationship between semiotics as a philosophy of language and the pragmatistic fragmentation of the 'model' reader into different levels of readerly competence in The Role of the Reader. Yet he manages to balance detailed criticism with appreciation. His reading of Eco's fiction is highly enjoyable and the reader feels uncanninly gratified by the feeling of participating in Caesar's teasing disentangling of the interconnectedness between Eco's fictional and theoretical works. The book concludes with Eco's confrontation with Pierce in Kant and the Platypus published in Italy in 1997 (Bompiani, Milan). Although not being up-to-date with Eco's latest publications, this study provides a thorough and clear exposition of Eco's major works and system of thought. It can provide students of philosophy, literature and cultural studies with a solid base that will enable their further research.


This CRIS submission to the Department of Justice and Community Safety is referenced at many points in the Review of the Terrorism (Community Protection) Act. You can access the CRIS Submission here and read more about the review, including other submissions, on the Engage Victoria website. Mark Duckworth, Professor Michele Grossman


The utility model relates to a dead shaft type multi-level planet gear speed reducer, which is provided with a machine base, a machine base cover, an input shaft and an output shaft. The input shaft is mounted on the machine base cover, the output shaft is mounted on the machine base, the machine base cover is fixedly equipped with a primary planet shaft and a secondary planet shaft which are in static structures, the input shaft is provided with a primary sun gear, the output shaft is provided with a secondary sun gear, a primary planet large gear and a primary small planet gear which are capable of rotating are sleeved on the primary planet shaft, a secondary large planet gear and a secondary small planet gear which are capable of rotating are sleeved on the secondary planet shaft, the primary sun gear is meshed with the primary large planet gear, the primary small planet gear is in transmission meshing with the secondary large planet gear, and the secondary small planet gear is in transmission meshing with the secondary sun gear. The dead shaft type multi-level planet gear speed reducer resolves technical problems that the existing planet gear speed reducer is high in internal teeth processing difficulty of an internal ring, is low in processing efficiency, low in speed reducing ratio, difficult to guarantee precision and high in processing cost, and affects service life and efficiency.


As mentioned in a former publication the author some years ago performed a series of operative procedures on guinea-pigs' labyrinths in order to examine histologically what happened to the labyrinth after these operations and furthermore with the aim of getting an idea of what happens to the human labyrinth after removal or interruption of the lateral membranous semicircular canal in cases of incurable Meniere's disease. In the last-named case the inner-ear function usually disappears completely and forever although one might suppose that some sort of healing of the fistula area would take place. J^or the investigation were employed guinea-pigs that were tested for acoustic and vestibular function before and after the operations. For the acoustic examination the Preyer reflex was registered audiometrically. In examining the vestibular function main stress was laid upon registration of post-rotatory nystagmus after rotation in the horizontal and the vertical plane. Contrary to Schlander and Schall and Rambo the author succeeded as


Most work related to trust in dyadic interactions has focused on the establishment and development of trust in situations where partners are of relatively equal status and have the ability to impact each other's outcomes (Rempel, Holmes, & Zanna, 1985; for a review Simpson, 2007a; 2007b). However, many social interactions can be characterized as asymmetric dependence situations where the outcomes of one partner (i.e., the dependent partner) are completely controlled by another (i.e., the controlling partner). The current work investigated trust in the context of one-off asymmetric dependence interactions, and experimentally explored one strategy for increasing trust in these exchanges. In Study 1, faith was found to be the component of trust most predictive of trust-based behavior. Additionally, the controlling partner soliciting input from the dependent partner in this type of interaction was found to be associated with increased ratings of faith, when the dependent partner felt like his or her input was taken into account by the controlling partner. Study 2 demonstrated that soliciting input can have an negative effect on faith if the dependent partner's input is not reflected in the controlling partner's decision and no explanation is provided for this decision. Overall, this work suggests the controlling partner soliciting input from the dependent partner can result in increased trust in one-off asymmetric dependence interactions, as long as the dependent partner feels like his or her input was taken into account, and an explanation is provided if his or her input is not reflected in the controlling partner's decision. This work has potential implications for asymmetric dependence relationships encountered outside the laboratory (e.g., patient-provider relationships, salesperson-customer relationships, supervisor-employee relationships). PERMITTING JOINT-CONTROL IN ASYMMETRIC DEPENDENCE RELATIONSHIPS: INVESTIGATING A STRATEGY FOR INCREASING TRUST By Michael Ioerger B. S., University of Nebraska – Lincoln, 2011 MASTER'S THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Social Psychology Syracuse University December 2015 Copyright © Michael Ioerger 2015 All Rights Reserved


The work was made in the phase of aclimatization of vitroplants of sugarcane of the Biofactory associated to the Territorial Sugarcane Research Station (ETICA) Center South of Villa Clara and in experimental areas of this center. Vitroplants of C1051-73 variety were used. Micorrizas Arbusculares was used (MA) prepared in the Provincial soil laboratory of Villa Clara's county that contains the stump Glomus sp, which was blended with the substrate, being applied 0g, 2g and 4g respectively by plantlet, they were transplanted to the field at the age of 45 days and they were planted with and without application of mineral fertilizer according to thedemands of the soil. The following parameters were evaluated the at 10 months of age: stalks by lineal meter, diameter and longitude of the stalks, internodes number, leaf area of the stalk and number of leaves. The crop was made at the age of 12 months; the agricultural and sugar yields were measured. The results obtained in the field showed that the vitroplants with micorrizas rates of 4g of MA reached significantly higher values in these indicators when they were applied fertilizers in the field, than those that were only inoculated and in general the inoculated vitroplants reached very superior values to the standard without MA.
Key words: Sugarcane, Micorrizas, Plantlets, Fertilization.


Materials and methods. The design of the risk prediction method of the OP development in patients with type 2 DM and NAFLD was conducted by using the most significant diagnostic indicators. The calculation method of the OP risk probability in patients with type 2 DM and NAFLD was developed by using statistical methods of multivariate factor analysis and logistic regression. The method was evaluated in the Clinic of the State Institution "V. Danilevsky Institute for Endocrine Pathology Problems of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine" in 51 patients, whose average age was 63.2 ± 0.99 years with the average duration of type 2 DM 7.84 ± 0.68 years.


The Project QAPP`s describe the program and the planned actions which WHC will implement to demonstrate and ensure that the project meets the requirements of DOE Order 5700.6C. The Project involves retrieving the high-heat waste from Tank 241-C-106 to close the safety issue associate with the tank, demonstrate initial waste retrieval technology for a Single Shell Tank, and provide feed for the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant.


Salatiga has been known as one of the most tolerant cities in Java and Indonesia. Such an achievement refers to the 2021 Tolerant City Index (Indeks Kota Toleran) report released by the SETARA Institute that provides a baseline or assessment of the city government's performance in managing harmony, tolerance, Indonesian national insight, and social inclusion. This article wants to reexamine whether Salatiga is truly a tolerant city and fully implements freedom of religion and belief. The study uses a qualitative approach to interpret interactions between various religious followers in Salatiga. It employs Bielefeldt's analysis and human rights perspectives to reveal the events that actually happened. This study found that the people of Salatiga claim to live in harmony and maintain religious freedom, even though conflicts still occur occasionally. Such conflicts, for example, are seen in disputes about the IAIN Salatiga' choir team performing at the church and in several social conflicts between Muslims and Christians. Besides, the existence of several religion-based communities, such as Muslim cemeteries, Muslim housing, and Muslim campuses, also justifies the fact of social disharmony in Salatiga because they are not in accordance with the principle of freedom of religion.


The topic of 'The 2nd symposium on Management in China' can be divided into three aspects: The first is the introspection on the study of 'Management in China'; the second is the practice of 'Management in China', including the model of Chinese Entrepreneurs' management practice, strategic management practices and other issues; the third is the construction on the theory of 'Management in China'. Its features are that it has an equal, passionate and confident dialogue on the issue, explores more opening-up academic horizon and leads to the related research focus on the Chinese practical management problems. We argue that scholars and experts should do the research in the Chinese practical management problems and take actions, gradually construct loose and free academic environment, use new research methods which facilitates the formulation of creative knowledge, pay enough attention to the academic norms and principles and strengthen the international communication on 'Management in China'.


Chemokines are a small group of heparin binding proteins in the body that cause chemotaxis of cells.According to the structure characteristics of the first-order peptide chain, chemokines are divided into 4 subfamilies (C is cysteine and X is any amino acid) of CXC, CC, C and CX3C.Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is the earliest found chemokine of CC family, which can regulate the migration and permeation of monocytes/macrophages, recruit inflammatory cells such as monocytes and lymphocytes, stimulate inflammation and immune response, and participate the development in a variety of diseases such as acute and chronic inflammation and tumor.In recent years, more and more studies have found that MCP-1 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis) and lung cancer, etc.This article reviews the research progress of MCP-1 in pulmonary diseases in recent years.

Key words:
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; Cytokines; Lung diseases


Abstract Whole core calculations have been performed for a commercial size PWR and a prototype LMFBR by using vectorized Monte Carlo codes. Geometries of cores were precisely represented in a pin by pin model. The calculated parameters were k eff, control rod worth, power distribution and so on. Both multigroup and continuous energy models were used and the accuracy of multigroup approximation was evaluated through the comparison of both results. One million neutron histories were tracked to considerably reduce variances. It was demonstrated that the high speed vectorized codes could calculate k eff, assembly power and some reactivity worths within practical computation time. For pin power and small reactivity worth calculations, the order of 10 million histories would be necessary. It would be difficult for the conventional scalar code to solve such large scale problems while the present codes consumed computation time less than 30 min for a PWR and 1 hour for an LMFBR. Required number of histories to ac...


Synchronous distance education (SDE) has been widely used for health science students in recent years. This study examined the effectiveness and acceptance of SDE compared with traditional education for health science students and explored the potential moderators that could impact the pooled results.


First lasing of the mid-infrared free-electron laser at ELBE was achieved on May 7, 2004. The Radiation Source ELBE at the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf in Dresden is currently under transition from commissioning to regular user operation. Presently the electron linac produces an up to 18 MeV, 1 mA (cw) electron beam which is alotted to generate various kinds of secondary radiation. After the successful commissioning of the bremsstrahlung and channeling-X-ray facilities during 2003 stable lasing has now been observed in the IR range (15 to 22 µm). The oscillator FEL is equipped with two planar undulator units, both consisting of 34 hybrid permanent magnets with a period of 27.3 mm (Krms =0 .3 ... 0.8). The distance between the two parts is variable and the gaps can be adjusted and tapered independently. At 19.6 µm an optical power of 3 W was outcoupled in a macro pulse of 0.6 ms duration using an electron beam energy of 16.1 MeV and an energy spread of less than 100 keV. The micropulse charge was 50 pC and its width slightly above 1 ps. With the installation of a second acceleration module for additional 20 MeV shorter wavelengths will become available in the near future.


An electrograph of the Crab Nebula exposed in the light of the redshifted component of the (O iii) 5007 A line isolates for the first time the far side of the nebula. In addition a deeply exposed electronographic photograph in the light of H..beta.. and the (O iii) 4959 A and 5007 A lines confirms that the optical dimensions of the Crab Nebula are determined by line emission. Spectroscopic observations combined with the electronographs allow a velocity discontinuity which was detected in the filamentary network to be identified and located. A measurement of the Crab pulsar proper motion relative to the center of expansion of the nebula provides new evidence that the pulsar is a high-velocity object. (AIP)


A promising form of information technology for enhancing learning in the use of animated pedagogical agents. there are a number of computer experts and scientists developing animated pedagogical agents and a correspondingly large amount of studies in responds to agent system development principles.


This resource provides a thematic approach to key stage 4 geography syllabuses. The main elements of physical geography are explored before the more complex environmental issues are considered, and people-environment issues are stressed throughout.


The "one main body and two limb" credit guarantee system in our country has appeared its deficiencies that including the guarantee agency is in small scale, the guarantee system don't give the SMEs enough support, the system has a huge latency risk and so on,in which, the most important problem is the mix of gov and business.We find in our research that the mix of gov and business has made our guarantee system in a trend to get away from supporting the SMEs, and the gov's guarantee agency is not fit to be the main body in the system, so we must build a new system which take the business agency as main body and also separating the gov and business clearly.


Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com consists of functional, high intensity and constantly varied movements [1]. It is a highly competitive sport, having several formats of competitions: The internal competitions, carried out by the box itself for the enrolled students; National competitions, usually organized by companies that support the sport; regional competitions, known as CrossFit Games Regionals®; and worldclass competitions, known as CrossFit Open® and Crossfit Games®.


In this paper, we discuss the design decisions behind InfoVis Explorer. InfoVis Explorer is a custom tool to find and discover documents deemed important to the history of Information Visualization, as described in the 2004 IEEE Information Visualization Contest dataset [1]. Through the use of effective design decisions, we feel that we have produced a tool which will aid students or researchers attempting to find quickly find relevant papers based on any number of factors in a clear and understandable format. InfoVis Explorer extends the original contest dataset by directly linking external databases to compensate for missing data elements and, in some cases, provide an electronic copy of the paper being explored.


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'Sex steroids' are not just made in the gonads, impacting behaviour by gradually changing gene transcription across hours to days. Instead, they can lead a double life. Steroids such as testosterone and oestradiol are also manufactured in the brain, where they operate at


In the present paper, a subclass of analytic and bi-univalent functions by means of (p; q)- Lucas polynomials is introduced. Certain coefficients bounds for functions belonging to this subclass are obtained. Furthermore, the Fekete-Szego problem for this subclass is solved.


We welcome the response of O'Connell et al. and their detailed analysis of the flaws in the paper by Ahsin et al. [1], on the possible mechanisms of acupuncture in osteoarthritis. It is clear from systematic reviews that the evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture in chronic pain is currently not strong relative to placebo. It is unclear to what extent poorly designed or administered treatments and/or sham treatments are responsible. O'Connell and colleagues are correct to draw attention to weaknesses in the Ahsin et al. paper in the way the efficacy of the acupuncture treatment was assessed. We do not consider the sham acupuncture treatment in the Ahsin et al. paper to be a good placebo control, and in our commentary we called for improvements in the design of such studies to include more convincing sham treatments. We hope this clarifies our view on the study design. However, in spite of the shortcomings in design that were evident in the Ahsin et al. paper, we are encouraged by the direction of this research. Mechanistic studies may be more relevant than the results of RCTs in understanding the rising popularity of alternative therapies, considering that placebos frequently elicit therapeutic effects that match those of pharmacologically active treatments. For example, placebo analgesic effects can equal that of 6–8 mg of morphine for post-operative dental pain [5], or a reduction in pain of 46% to 57% for capsaicin-induced experimental pain [2]. Many widely used medications, such as antidepressants, fail to show significant effects beyond that of placebo for mild to moderate symptoms [3,6], and yet are among the most widely used therapeutic agents available. The greater efficacy of antidepressants over placebo in more severely depressed patients appears to be due to a lack of a placebo response in this group [6]. Small or null effects of treatments relative to placebo are therefore conceivably a product of the large therapeutic effects of placebo, not necessarily (but still, possibly) the lack of efficacy of the treatment on trial. We regard the difficulties surrounding research into alternative therapies to be partly in relation to our lack of understanding of the endogenous pain control systems that give rise to the placebo effect, and our difficulty in drawing mechanistic distinctions between such therapies and the placebo effect. While acupuncture may not be significantly more effective than placebo in many studies, the possibility still remains that their mechanisms are dissimilar. Our primary interest in the Ahsin et al. paper was in relation to the physiological changes associated with the therapeutic response to acupuncture relative to those of placebo. For example, acupuncture and placebo treatments may promote different effects on the endogenous opioid (EO) and hypothalamic-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) stress axis. Very few well-designed physiological studies have compared the response of these systems between acupuncture and placebo treatments. We drew attention in our commentary to a study by Harris et al. [4] which found opposite effects of these treatments on the EO system, in support of the results from Ahsin et al. Whilst these results are far from compelling on their own, it may be instructive in designing future studies to test for possible differences in mechanism between acupuncture and placebo treatments. We therefore welcome any research that sheds light on the involvement of the EO and HPA axis in acupuncture, and hope that future studies will employ well-matched sham treatments to allow for the comparison of treatments effects with placebo effects.


The radiosynthesis, as well as the in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution of the 11C radiolabelled 3‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl)propanal oxime (6, [11C]SZV 1287) are reported. SZV 1287 is a novel semicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor and a promising candidate to be a novel analgesic for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Its radiolabelling was developed via a four‐step radiosynthesis which started from the reaction of a Grignard reagent with [11C]CO2 to produce [11C]oxaprozin (3). In the next step this carboxylic acid 3 was directly reduced to yield the corresponding aldehyde, which was then converted into the oxime. [11C]SZV 1287 was administered to male NMRI mice. The animals were examined with dynamic PET/MR imaging for 90 minutes. Biodistribution studies were performed at 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post injection. The accumulation of the labelled compound was observed in the brain of the animals. The main excretion pathway was found to be through the liver and intestines. These studies provide preliminary information for pharmacokinetic characterization of the SZV 1287.


ABSTRACT A study explored learning outcomes for secondary students in Pennsylvania. Data were collected in two stages: through a survey of the opinions of 1,089 educators in eastern Pennsylvania (517. response) and through a random sample of 3,364 member of the business and industrial community in the area (22.37. response). The survey resulted in the production of 11 tables comparing the educational outcomes emphasized by the educators and the business and industry leaders. Some of the outcomes rated highly by both educators and business people included the following: (1) ability to be dependable on the job; (2) ability to follow directions; (3) positive work attitude; (4) ability to be on time; (5) effective communications; (6) positive attitude toward learning; (7) desire to work hard; (8) proficiency in applying reading skills; (9) teamwork; and (10) positive attitude toward co-workers. Recommendations were made to conduct a review of vocational education programs to determine if the outcomes ranked highly are currently in place, and to consider the rank order of outcomes to identify areas of emphasis for the schools' curricula. (KC)


The five articles in this Special Issue are introduced by contextualising them broadly within feminist poststructuralist, postcolonial and anthropological approaches. After a brief exploration of methodologies that link ethnography with poetics and historical analysis, a general theoretical critique of modern Western forms of agency, especially liberal notions of autonomous rational choice, is offered. Western philosophy and theory, argues the author, have implications well beyond social formations in the West and she outlines their impacts on the agency of women in Asian societies. While cautioning against the pitfalls of both under and overvaluing agency, the author then offers a reconsideration of its analytical utility. Agency needs to address the gaps between everyday reflection and practices and hegemonic discourses or symbolic structures. In this gap, where women who fall outside the parameters of dominant notions of womanhood are considered 'unstable', both resistance and constraint are possible. Dominant discourses certainly have durable effects but their tools and symbols have been reinscribed to produce agency in hybrid forms. Agency is thus thought to arise from within existing societal discourses and symbolic structures rather than in opposition to them. In this process multiple positionings for women, all of which are performative, are created. These reconsiderations of agency are mirrored in the articles which follow. Agency in its modern forms is deemed inadequate by these authors to explain the agency of women in Asia. Rather than proposing a hierarchy of agency in its significant and insignificant forms, the authors in this Issue provide much needed accounts of socially and culturally situated agency, significant in both their breadth and depth.


A 46-year old female presented at the Oral Medicine Clinic complaining of a large and painless swelling of her upper lip. The lesion had slowly enlarged over the past year and was causing an increasing aesthetic and speech impairment. Her medical history revealed nothing of note. Extra-orally, the patient presented with a swelling involving the right side of the upper lip and extending from the right alar of the nose, to the right commissure (Figure 1). The intra-oral examination revealed a firm and well circumscribed mass in the upper right labial mucosa, opposite the upper second incisor, canine and first premolar. The mass was approximately 2x3 cm in size and the overlying mucosa was of normal consistency and colour for the region (Figure 2). A fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the mass was performed (Figure 3).


Abstract In the low-density plasmas of the Large Helical Device, the shape of the electron temperature profile changes depending on the direction of the tangential neutral beam injection (NBI) when the magnetic axis position is inward-shifted at R = 3.50 m. Core flattening was observed in plasmas heated by counter-NBI. The electron thermal diffusivities in co-NBI and counter-NBI-heated plasmas are compared. The diffusivity becomes large at the central region in the case of counter-NBI. This result shows that the flattening in the electron temperature profile is not caused simply by a change in the power deposition only. Some magnetic fluctuations are seen during counter-NBI. On the other hand, it is a promising feature that the electron thermal diffusivity at the peripheral region does not increase with the heating power in co-NBI plasmas.


A. N. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2/10 Dm. Pozharsky Street, Kharkiv, UA-61046, Ukraine E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The operation safety of any turbo-installation depends on the effectiveness and reliability of working of its basic constructs. For that purpose it is required to use modern approaches to constructions of turbine equipment of the Thermal Power Station (TPS) and Heat Power Plant (HPP). It is impossible without a detailed investigation of thermal and gas-dynamic processes. The investigations of thermal and gas dynamic processes in a steam turbine exhaust hood have been carried out. The numerical solving of the conjugate heat transfer problem was used. This approach allowed to define the thermal field of steam and solid case, and the velocity field of steam. These results of investigations will be used in solving inverse heat transfer problems for definition of heat transfer coefficients on inner surfaces of the exhaust hood.


UKESM1 is the latest generation Earth system model to be developed in the UK. It simulates the core physical and dynamical processes of land, atmosphere, ocean and sea ice systems which are extended to incorporate key marine and terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. These include the carbon and nitrogen cycles and interactive stratosphere-troposphere trace gas chemistry. Feedbacks between these components that have an important amplifying or dampening effect on the physical climate, and/or change themselves in response to changes in the physical climate are also included. One focus for the future development of UKESM1 is improved treatment of sulphur processes, including emission, chemical processing and deposition in the aerosol-chemistry scheme, UKCA-Mode. These processes span land-atmosphere and ocean-atmosphere boundaries and can therefore impact feedbacks between these systems. Emissions of SO2 can be oxidised to form sulphate aerosol, which plays a key role in both acid deposition, atmospheric aerosol loading and cloud properties, thereby directly contributing to the Earth’s radiative balance. Good representation of sulphur processes in UKESM1 is therefore essential for constraining uncertainties associated with the impacts of aerosols on the Earth system and thus understanding the global climate. Here we challenge UKESM1 with observations of SO2 and sulphate from ground-based measurement networks in Europe and the USA, and of SO2 from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We use these to evaluate temporal and spatial biases in the model’s simulation of SO2 and sulphate.

We find that UKESM1 captures the historical trend for decreasing concentrations of atmospheric SO2 and sulphate in both Europe and the USA over the period 1987 to 2014. However, in the polluted regions of the Eastern USA and Europe, UKESM1 over-predicts surface SO2 concentrations by an average of 320-340%, while under-predicting surface sulphate concentrations by 25-35%. In the cleaner Western USA, the model over-predicts both surface SO2 and sulphate concentrations by 1200% and 150% respectively. The variability in the direction of UKESM1’s bias according to species and region suggests that the model bias may be driven differently depending on species and region. These drivers likely result from uncertainty in aspects of the sulphur cycle, including SO2 emission, loss processes (oxidation and deposition) or transport. To evaluate UKESM1 at the global scale we use a newly available data product for total column SO2 (TCSO2) from OMI. We find that UKESM1 over-predicts TCSO2 over much of the globe, particularly the large source regions of India, China, the USA and Europe as well as over background regions, including much of the ocean.

In this study we also assess changes to UKESM1’s SO2 dry deposition parameterization. These changes increase SO2 dry deposition to land and ocean surfaces, thus reducing atmospheric SO2 and sulphate concentrations, and ultimately reducing cold bias in UKESM1's simulation of mid 20th C global mean surface temperatures. In comparison with the ground based and satellite observations, we find that the changes reduce UKESM1's over prediction of surface SO2 concentrations and TCSO2


Constantly mining high quality experimental project which meet the real needs,as well as establishing and scientifically managing this project,we do not only enrich the experimental teaching content,but also effectively promote the construction of the experimental project.This article will introduce the mining approach of the experimental project,and its establishing management ideas and measures.The experimental project can provide a good reference for the construction of the experimental project for other universities.


Located in the south of Portugal, the Algarve belongs to the top twenty travel destinations worldwide, with a local economy relying strongly on tourism-related activities. Th e Allgarve programme was launched in 2007 and is an umbrella brand that aims to reposition the Algarve as a refi ned tourism destination with glamour. Allgarve is a set of cultural, artistic and sports events off ered mainly during the summer season. Based on data from a questionnaire carried out with 282 foreign tourists who visited the Algarve, this study identifi es and profi les clusters of tourists based on their perceptions of Allgarve. In addition, we analyse to what extent the image of the Algarve has changed as a consequence of the Allgarve events. Th e results show that most respondents agree with the Allgarve brand name, report a positive perception of the campaign, and agree that it has a positive impact for the Algarve differentiation. However, the results suggest that the majority of tourists still come to the region attracted by the Algarve brand, and that this brand has not been aff ected by the Allgarve programme's content. Th e fi ndings of this study are important in understanding the implications of events in repositioning strategies of mature tourism destinations.


Human demodex mites are parasites that live in the pilosebaceous unit and can result in the disease demodicosis. While demodicosis may occur as a primary skin disease; immunosuppression, and topical or systemic immunosuppressive treatments can cause secondary demodicosis. It is known that thyroid hormones may cause skin changes, such as xerosis, and thereby may also modulate immune responses in the skin.


Land constract with individual is Deng Xiao-ping's great pioneering,is created by common peasants and supported by several cadres,and is a reform enterprise that decided finally by Deng Xiao-ping.He accepted and thought China economic condition, and abandoned the old system.After "culture revolution" just ended, he took the people's aspiration as the CPC's policy.He agreed the most people material benefit demands,and refused the Leftroad of separating masses.


The Ste. Genevieve fault zone extends eastward from Missouri across the Mississippi River into Jackson County, Illinois, about 75 mi (120 km) southeast of St. Louis. Outcrop studies have dated movement along portions of the zone as pre-Middle Devonian, post-Mississippian, and post-Pennsylvanian. Present displacement is down to the north and east with throw ranging up to 3,000 ft (915 m). However, pre-Middle Devonian movement was down to the south and west. The present upthrown block shows no evidence of vertical movement during the Cambrian and Ordovician. Nor is there any indication that the fault zone was part of the northern border of the Reelfoot basin, where earliest Paleozoic sediments infilled an aulacogen at the northern end of the Mississippi embayment.


BACKGROUND: Meadowsweet [Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.], is the representative of flora of the European parts of Russia. It is widespread in Samara Region. The flowers of the meadowsweet are the pharmacopoeial type of raw materials, but the fruits of this plant are not used in medicine. The fruits of the meadowsweet and its closely related type of the dropwort are the promising source of biologically active compounds of phenolic and sterol nature. Introduction of new types of medical plant raw materials into official medical practice requires the development of regulatory documentation, including morphological and anatomical diagnostics of types.
AIM: The purpose of this work was to study and compare morphological and anatomical features of the structure of meadowsweet fruits and dropwort.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material of the study was the dry fruits of the meadowsweet and dropwort, collected in June-July 2019 in Samara Region. The research was carried out by means of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light in a light field.
RESULTS: Morphological and anatomical characteristics of the fruits of two types of meadowsweet were revealed. They hadnt been described in the literature before. So the fruits of the meadowsweet have the following diagnostic features: the stele of the pedicels is of transitional type, lysigenic receptacles located in them are uneven, pubescence of the epidermis occurs due to simple unicellular trichomes; they also have the three-layer structure of the pericarp, a significant quantity of single crystals in the parenchyma of the parmelia, the cone-shaped form of the conducting bundle in the parmelia seam. The fruits of the dropwort are characterised by retort-shaped hairs that make up the thick pubescence of the multiple fruits, peculiar conducting system of the parmelia in the form of one large collateral bundle of the cone-shaped form, located on the side of the seam.
CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results allow to develop the chapter Microscopic signs as a part of the pharmacopoeial monograph devoted to a new perspective medicinal plant raw materials of Fruits of the meadowsweet and Fruits of the dropwort.


We consider an important problem in the design of material handling systems in a flexible manufacturing environment; that of robotic palletization when the boxes to be palletized are of varying dimensions. The problem is formulated as a zero-one integer programming problem. The mathematical model includes the issue of multiple pallets and the orientation of boxes on the pallet. An illustrative problem is solved.


Nutritional status is a condition caused by a balance between nutrient intake from food needed for body metabolism. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of knowledge about stunting before or after counseling the lecture method and poster media for women of childbearing age in Alue Ambang Village, Teunom District, Aceh Jaya Regency. The type of this research is Quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test designs. The population of this study amounted to 250 people. The sample in this are 154 people. The data were tested with the Wilcoxon test. The research conducted, it is known that counseling using the lecture method and poster media regarding knowledge of stunting in women of childbearing age is considered very effective, it can be seen from the level of knowledge of women of childbearing age about stunting after being given counseling their knowledge increases compared to before being given counseling. P Value 0.000<0.05, which means statistically it shows there is a difference in increasing knowledge of lecture method counseling and poster media about stunting knowledge in women of childbearing age. It is recommended that health workers and Integrated Health Center cadres use the lecture method and poster media in conducting counseling.


As the measurement and measuring methods of cam lift are not uniform,lift conversion difficulties and errors are caused.On the basis of the mathematical models got by different measuring methods,a complete universal mathematical model was put forward by which different tappets lifts can be converted from one to another.In this model,the least square method was used for derivation and curve smoothing and the conversion errors were decreased.Then a series of experiments were accomplished to verify the correctness of this mathematical model and the results show that the cam lift universal conversion model based on the least square method totally meets the precision requirements of actual machining.


Mass-spectrometric measurements on neptunium and plutonium from two soil samples that are representative of global fallout have been completed. The /sup 237/Np//sup 239/Pu atom ratio is 0.7 +- 0.2. This ratio, when multiplied by the amount of plutonium in worldwide fallout, indicates that 3 t of /sup 237/Np were produced by atmospheric testing to date.


The work condition of the incubator have great effect on its achievement of function. The system of temperature measurement with multi-channel is the data acquisition department of the whole control system ofincubator. A set of temperature measurement system with multi-channel(8 temperature channels)and high precision according to the work condition 's character which the incubator require is described in the paper. The instrument's work condition can be tested and analyzed and the measurement data can be transmitted to PC through RS232C for the accurate control of the whole system.


Abstract This paper deals with modified series-parallel resonant converter (MSPRC). Leakage inductance and winding capacitance of high-frequency transformer are incorporated in the analysis of basic operation of circuit. MSPRC is well suited to high-voltage dc applications, and is operated just above the resonant frequency to maintain zero-voltage switching (ZVS). Sampled-data technique of the MSPRC is presented, and small signal modelling of the converter is obtained. Steady-state behaviour using complex ac-circuit analysis is used for design of resonant tank circuit. The magnitude of output voltage is regulated by using variable frequency control. An experimental prototype unit is developed using high frequency switches (MOSFETs). Simulation results are compared with those obtained experimentally.


Self-powered photodetectors (PDs) with inorganic lead halide perovskites hold multiple traits of high sensitivity, fast response, independent on external power supply, excellent sustainability and stability, thus great promising for practical applications. However, they generally contain high-temperature processed electron-transporting-layers (ETLs) and high-cost, unstable hole-transporting-layer (HTLs) coupled with noble metal electrodes, which bring significant obstacles of production cost and stability for their potential commercializations. Herein, we demonstrate the building of high-performance HTL/ETL-free, self-powered CsPbIBr2 PD with simplified architecture of FTO/CsPbIBr2/carbon upon interfacial modification by polyethyleneimine (PEI). The optimized PD yields the dark current of 2.03×10-9 A, peak responsivity (R) of 0.32 A/W, maximum specific detectivity (D*) of 3.74×1012 Jones, and response time of 1.21 μs. These figures of merit are far beyond those of the one prepared without PEI modification and even the PD containing TiO2 ETL. Hence, our work suggests a highly feasible route to develop self-powered PDs with significantly simplified fabrication and reduced production cost.


Abstract Serum and urinary radioactivity has been studied following the intravenous and oral administration of Cu 64 to control subjects and patients with Wilson's disease. Following the intravenous injection of Cu 64 an extremely rapid fall in serum radioactivity was observed in normal subjects which was subsequently followed by a large increase in serum radioactivity. In patients with Wilson's disease a slightly slower fall in the radioactivity was noted initially and no secondary rise in the serum radioactivity was observed. Electrophoretic separation of the sera at various time intervals revealed that the rise in serum radioactivity in normal subjects was due to its incorporation into ceruloplasmin. Since this protein is deficient in Wilson's disease, no increase in the serum radioactivity was observed. The radioactivity associated with the serum albumin following oral or intravenous administration was found to be increased and to persist very much longer in patients with Wilson's disease than in control subjects. The persistence of excess administered copper associated with albumin appears to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. The total urinary radioactivity excreted in Wilson's disease is greater than in normal subjects. A delayed rise in urinary radioactivity was noted in normal subjects and was not observed in patients with Wilson's disease. However, a diminished fecal excretion of Cu 64 compared with normal subjects followed both the oral and intravenous administration of Cu 64 .


1The Ohio State University is Associate Professor of Spanish at the University of Cincinnati, Ohio.

ABSTRACT  The article describes using dialogue journals as part of a teaching-methods course in a summer program in Spain. Participants were teachers of Spanish with a range of experience and language proficiency. The dialogue journal-writing activity complemented class discussion and research into cultural phenomena. During the course, participants recorded their impressions of and adjustment to Spanish culture. The instructor responded to entries by encouraging writers to clarify and expand ideas. Journal writing appeared to help participants put experiences into an appropriate perspective, thus giving them insight into how to represent Spanish culture to their American students. The article describes the program, course, and journals. The author suggests that this kind of process writing has use in other phases of teacher education.


This is a preliminary report of a study to ascertain the frequency and types of anomalies of the urinary tract in children in a consecutive series of necropsies performed at the Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago, from June 18, 1927, to May 18, 1928. During the eleven months there were 3,481 admissions to the hospital, which include 1,513 admissions for tonsillectomy only. Death occurred in 258 patients, of whom 153 were examined post mortem. Eighty-five per cent were under 4 years of age. Definite anomalies of the urinary tract were found in 20 cases, an incidence of 13 per cent. Numerous articles on urinary conditions in childhood have appeared in the literature, especially during the past few years. In 1879, Englisch 1 found 65 cases, or 5.4 per cent, of congenital hydronephrosis in 1,200 cadavers of infants. In 1924, Bugbee and Wollstein 2 described 117 lesions of the urinary tract


This study employed an econometric approach to assess the relationship between effective real exchange rate and selected macroeconomic variables in Nigeria from 1981to 2014. This study investigate the relationship between REER misalignment and economic growth as well as examine the short run and long run relationship between real effective exchange rates misalignment and macroeconomic performance. The study found evidence of a long run relationship between real effective exchange rate and macroeconomic variables with 46 percent speed of adjustment. Also, the positive relationship exists between effective exchange rate, openness and terms of trade indicated that the Nigerian economy is highly opened and this openness has made it highly vulnerable to external shocks and exchange rate policy changes. Likewise, the real gross domestic leads to the appreciation of naira. Hence, the government should stimulate the productive sector of the domestic economy


In 1990 the Finnish economy drifted into a deep recession, from which it has not yet recovered. During the depression, total output has contracted by about fifteen percent, which is unique in European economic history. During the depression years of the 1930s, total output diminished in Finland by about four per cent or considerably less than in the course of the current depression. It is indeed the worst crisis in the Finnish economy this century, and only exacerbated by the worst banking crisis of the century. A major contributing factor to the depression was in liberalisation of the financial


The issues of digitalization in the field of healthcare in the activities of medical institutions are considered. The increase and complication of the IT equipment of medical institutions should be accompanied not only by increased attention of the employer to the accounting of IT facilities, but also by compliance with legal norms to ensure the safety of these technical means, including the rights of employees entrusted with these facilities. The analysis of the mechanism of financial responsibility of employees of medical institutions, restrictions and risks of the employer is carried out; the assessment of the counter obligations of the parties to the employment contract is given, including the employee to take care of the employer's property, and the employer to provide appropriate conditions for the employee to perform his work duties.


This paper presents a radiometric calibration method based on visibility function and uniform source system. The uniform system is mainly comprised of an integrating sphere and a monitoring silicon detector. The current of the silicon detector with a visibility function filter corresponds to the luminance at the exit port of integrating sphere through standard luminance meter transfer. The radiance at the camera entrance pupil is calculated for different solar zenith angles and Earth surface albedos by the MODTRAN atmospheric code. To simplify the calibration process, the radiance at its entrance pupil is integrated by visibility function. The shift smear of the frame transfer CCD is removed by the radiometric calibration and the amending ratio factor is introduced in the retrieving methods. The imaging experiment verifies the reliability of the calibration method and retrieves good quality image.


To the Editor: —I saw a very timely letter inThe Journal, March 11, 1911, inquiring why reputable physicians and surgeons will contribute articles to medical journals which admit a very undesirable class of nostrums and proprietaries to their advertising. As I frequently contribute to several independent journals, some of whose advertisements I do not approve of at all, I will say that I do it in order to reach the large number of broad, progressive, and liberal and non-sectarian mediical men who read these journals and keep watch for everything new or good that appears in their columns. I do not use nostrums or proprietaries, never have used any and always speak out against them whenever I have an opportunity, but I must have a fair field and a free parliament which no man could have in contributing for journals likeThe JournalA. M. A. Iam a specialist


Various control practices, viz., host plant resistance, release of Chrysoperla spp., seed-treatment with imidacloprid, use of yellow sticky trap, neem seed kernel extract, spray of imidacloprid were applied singly, and in their possible combinations, at three localities, on a comparatively jassid resistant genotype of okra, Punjab Selection for the control of jassid. The treatment effect, alone, and in their possible combinations, showed a significant difference with one another, regarding their effectiveness. A combination of treatments, viz., seed treatment, spray with imidacloprid and installation of yellow sticky traps, was found the most effective and resulted in a minimum population of jassid, per leaf, on okra; whereas, the effect of seed-treatment and installation of yellow sticky traps, alone, did not show distinctive effect on the pest population. A significant decrease in the jassid-population was observed in those plots, where imidacloprid was sprayed, alone, or in combination with other treatments. The seeds treated with imidacloprid, remained effective against the jassids up to 38 days, after sowing. The combination of seed-treatment + spray of imidacloprid + installation of yellow sticky traps, showed a maximum yield of okra.


Simple Summary This is a scoping review of published literature on the usefulness of acupuncture-related therapies and herbal medicine in alleviating the side effects associated with breast cancer treatments. It is an important study given that the various treatment interventions for breast cancer, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy, have unpleasant side effects that compromise the patient's quality of life. The study revealed positive impact of some acupuncture-related therapies and herbal medicines in improving the symptoms and quality of life of patients with breast cancer. These findings will inform further studies on the economic impact of acupuncture and herbal medicines in the management of adverse events in patients on breast cancer treatment. Abstract The side effects associated with breast cancer treatments often reduce the patients' quality of life. The effectiveness of acupuncture-related therapies and herbal medicine in managing the side effect is not fully understood. The study included clinical studies published in the 10 years since 2011 and analyzed the effectiveness of the therapies for managing side effects of anticancer treatment. The databases of MEDLINE via PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, OASIS, and NSDL were searched. Thirty studies, including 13 (43.3%) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 12 (40.0%) before-and-after studies, three (10.0%) case series, one (3.3%) case report, and one (3.3%) non-RCT, were included in this review. The main symptoms identified were aromatase inhibitors-induced arthralgia (AIA), lymphedema, and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The types of acupuncture-related therapies applied included manual acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, moxibustion, and electro-moxibustion. In ten studies, eight herbal medications were administered. The Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and -Breast (FACT-B) were frequently used to evaluate pain and QoL, respectively. Most studies suggested beneficial effects of acupuncture and herbal medicine on managing pain, daily function, and quality of life in patients going through AIA, CIPN, and/or lymphedema, with mild side effects. The scoping review implies the potential of CAM therapies as promising interventions for managing symptoms which otherwise lack alternative management options, and for improving the quality of life of breast cancer patients.


A new analytical model for the thermal resistance, temperature profile, and heat flow of deep-trench isolated (DTI) transistors is presented by taking the finite heat flow through the trenches into account. The new model is able to distinguish between the different contributions to the thermal resistance of the DTI structure and allows identification of the most dominant component. A detailed analysis of the substrate contribution shows that the substrate thermal resistance is overestimated in existing models. Results are compared with experimental data as well as numerical simulations and show a good agreement. The model can be used for process optimization and in a circuit simulator.


The partial hydrolysis of proteins by strong acids in the cold was worked out very extensively by Emil Fischer, Abderhalden and their co-workers. As the result of the hydrolysis a nuinber of well defined polypeptides were isolated. Methods were also devised for their separation.


The coherent-state transform is used in obtaining a global, uniform asymptotic solution of the wave equation. This solution approximates high-frequency propagation of acoustic, optical, and seismic waves in generally heterogeneous media. The coherent-state approximation has an advantage over more traditional methods, because it leads to a well-defined approximation independent of the complexity of the caustics. As illustrations, homogeneous media, focusing and edge diffraction are discussed. The homogeneous and waveguide solutions reduce to the exact solution; and the diffracted wave has the correct asymptotic form but the accuracy depends on a parameter. Numerical calculations demonstrate how the accuracy is influenced by variations of this parameter


In 1895, Wilhelm Roengten "discovered" ionizing radiation. Only a few years later Madam Curie "discovered" and later isolated naturally occurring radioactive elements. Of course, neither of these pioneering scientists invented the property of radioactivity or ionizing radiation. Radioactivity and ionizing radiation have been with us since the creation of our planet, and indeed, since the creation of the universe. Radioactivity and ionizing radiation are as ubiquitous and common as those primordial "elements"–earth, fire, water, and air. However, human senses, while evolving in such a radioactive environment, do not include the ability to innately "sense" radioactivity or ionizing radiation. This lack of such a human ability seems to have imbued radioactivity and its associated ionizing radiation with mystic, almost magical or supernatural, properties, and all too often, a sinister or even deadly intent. But initially, as is typically the case, new scientific discoveries led to the development of new technologies to use this "new" science. First, medical uses for radioactivity and ionizing radiation were developed, later expanding to industrial and commercial uses, and in time to energy and military applications. The potential uses of radioactivity and ionizing radiation seemed boundless, but there was just one small problem. Very shortly after the discovery of radioactivity and ionizing radiation, the potential hazards associated with excessive exposure quickly became apparent. But how much exposure was excessive, and how could we use the new technologies while avoiding these hazards? New scientific bodies were established to try to answer these questions, such as the American Roentgen Ray Society, founded in 1900, and later the International Commission on Radiological Protection, which held its formative meeting in 1928. Numerous other national and international organizations have been formed to study and to try to provide guidance on use of radioactivity and ionizing radiation. At first, these studies and subsequent radiation protection standards focused on protecting against acute radiation effects, such as skin erythema, and to determine how much exposure was tolerable without inducing acute effects. Indeed, some of the first protection standards were termed "tolerance doses." However, as time progressed and the use of radioactivity and ionizing radiation grew, it became clear that there were other, more latent, potential hazards, such as cancer induction and possible hereditary effects associated with exposure. The focus of scientific study and radiation protection standards shifted to these more latent potential hazards. This chronology of the development of radiation protection standards has been extensively reviewed (Kathren 1962; Healy 1988; Jones 2005). The development of atomic weaponry during the Manhattan Project began a new era in the perception of potential hazards associated with radioactivity and ionizing radiation. With the initial use of such weaponry and the continued development of atomic and nuclear weaponry by multiple countries, a new symbol emerged for such hazards and all things radioactive: the mushroom cloud. For many individuals, the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse now had a fifth member: deadly radiation. Accidents involving the use of nuclear technology for energy generation—Three Mile Island in the United States (US) in 1979, Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union in 1986, and Fukushima Daiichi in Japan in 2011—only further heightened this anxiety and demonstrated that not only military applications were to be feared. Throughout this backdrop of fear and anxiety, the unmistakable technological benefits of radioactivity and ionizing radiation persisted. But so did the questions of just what are the potential hazards and how to use this technology while avoiding, or perhaps minimizing, these potential


This paper,choosing 112 A-share listed real estate corporations as samples,analyzes their current situation of financing,finding out that there are some problems such as the equity financing preference,the irrational financing structure,the small proportion of financing of bonds and the large dependence on banks. Therefore,reasonable suggestions are put forward,including the expansion of the real estate enterprise scale,the formation of reasonable capital structure,the broadening of financing channels and the change of development modes.


The midcourse of ballistic missile is the longest section of ballistic missile flight time. Accurate tracking of ballistic missile in this section can gain more time for warhead identification and determine the best interception point for ballistic missile defense system. In this paper, the method of midcourse target tracking of ballistic missile is studied. The motion acceleration of the mid-course target of ballistic missile in EUN coordinate system and spherical coordinate system is given, and the state equation and measurement equation in the mixed coordinate system and spherical coordinate system are established. The key functions are expressed explicitly, and the UKF algorithm is used to filter and track the ballistic target. Simulation analysis and comparison of the influence of the two coordinate systems on tracking performance are conducted. Simulation analysis compared the effect on tracking performance under two kinds of coordinate system.


THAT the period since the Second World War has been one of extraordinary material growth is obvious because there are cars in streets and statistics in offices to substantiate it almost too well. Yet, though less immediately overwhelming, intellectual progress-if progress, as the evolutionists claim, is defined by increasing complexity-has in some ways been even more startling; and of all the growing species international relations has been one of the most explosive. A pessimist could even argue that it has run to seed. The compulsion, above all but not only in the United States, to publish or be damned in one's academic career has produced a Triffid-like undergrowth of theses written in polysyllabic Amergerman. But this should not conceal the fact that the efflorescence itself is a remarkably creative response to the challenge of an international world new both in scope and quality. Removed from overt action as much of the output of the discipline may be, its root in a desire to shape a rapidly changing world is clear in its origins and development alike. As Roger Morgan points out in his excellent survey of the field at the end of The Study of International Affairs '-it should surely have been a prefacethe first university chair of international relations in the world, the Woodrow Wilson Chair of International Politics at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, was set up by David Davies in 1919 on condition that the incumbent should undertake studies to further the work of the newly founded League of Nations. Today, it is the fashion to be more sceptical and hard-nosed. Yet even a cursory glance at the intellectual coups d'etat which have succeeded one another in the past generation across the international relations scene, with the confusion of a Shakespearean chronicle play, shows how closely they have reflected and responded to policy directions in the outside world. On the one hand there have been the generations of unifiers of the world: the idealists of the League of Nations and the United Nations, the constitutionalists, came first before and after the Second World War. They were followed by the integrators, the functionalists like Ernest Haas and then the behaviourists like Karl Deutsch, who measured societal interaction by the statistics of contact across frontiers. The fact that their material was almost entirely concerned with the Western world showed how much they reflected the growing awareness of 'interdependence' in the 1950s and early 1960s. Treading on their heels during the 1960s, as declining cold war brought arms control to the fore, particularly between the super-powers, were the peace and conflict researchers.


Conjugated polymers doped with metal ions offer superior material properties in the development of next generation flexible PV technology [1]. Charge transport mechanism in metallated conjugated polymer with different solvent processing was described by A.F. Mitul in [1]. In this work, the modification of heavy metals e.g, Pt, Ru etc in organometllic solar devices are investigated. The variation in device performance i.e, open circuit voltage (Voc), external quantum efficiency (EQE) is explained in the light of nano scale morphology. Change of heavy metals in organicchemical structure provides differences in nanoscale morphology and hence, it describes the favorable condition for optimum device performance.


Interval type-2 fuzzy sets are able to model and minimize the numerical and linguistic uncertainties associated with the inputs and outputs of the fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The main objective of this paper is to implement an interval type-2 FLC for controlling the multivariable anaesthesia system to overcome the uncertainty problem that introduced by large inter-individual and intraindividual variability of the patient's parameters. Simulation results show good performance over a wide range of inter and intraindividual variability of parameters. Also these show good performance under the effect of disturbance and noise environment. Results also show the interval type-2 FLC affords some improvements in performance over type-1 FLC.


The citizen brief and the citizen panel it was prepared to inform were funded by McMaster University's Labarge Optimal Aging Initiative, the Government of Ontario (through a Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care Health System Research Fund grant entitled Harnessing Evidence and Values for Health System Excellence), and the Ontario Association of Community Care Access Centres. The McMaster Health Forum receives both financial and in-kind support from McMaster University. The views expressed in the citizen brief are the views of the authors and should not be taken to represent the views of the Ontario Association of Community Care Access Centres, the Government of Ontario, McMaster University, or McMaster University's Labarge Optimal Aging Initiative.


A simple and cost efficient frequency hopping radar waveform which has been developed to be robust against mutual interference is presented. The waveform is based on frequency hopping on the one hand and Linear Frequency Modulation Shift Keying (LFMSK) on the other hand. The signal model as well as the radar signal processing are described in detail, focusing on the efficient estimation of range and Doppler of multiple targets in parallel. Finally, the probability of interference is estimated and techniques for interference mitigation are presented showing a good suppression of mutual interference of the same type of radar.


The functional value of a stone tool is principally in its ability to cut, split, or otherwise deform material. The relative efficiency with which stone tools undertake cutting processes has been a point of interest to lithic archaeologists for decades, with many linking aspects of tool morphology to functional performance. Many of the questions asked by stone tool research are, however, pertinent to other disciplines. This includes mechanical engineering and ergonomic sciences where there is a substantial amount of research dedicated to understanding the mechanics of cutting and the influence exerted by tool-form attributes during use. These investigations therefore have valuable insights for lithic archaeology and our understanding of the variables that would have been influencing stone tool use in past populations. Here, the value of mechanical and ergonomic research to lithic archaeology is analyzed, key morphological and mechanical principles central to the determination of a stone tool's cutting efficiency are reviewed, and the need for future experiments that investigate these principles within archaeological contexts is highlighted.


Abstract The lesser peach tree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (LPTB), belongs to the economically important Lepidopteran family Sesiidae. No studies on genetic variation or population structure on the genus Snyanthedon have been previously published. We examined DNA sequence variation in a 603 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI), tRNA-leu and cytochrome oxidase II gene (COII) from three LPTB populations in Arkansas. From 114 LPTB collected from three populations, a total of 53 nucleotide positions were polymorphic, and 12 distinct haplotypes were observed. The most frequent haplotype occurred in 88% of the sampled LPTB's and in all three populations. Sequence divergence among haplotypes ranged from 0.2% to 8.8%. According to the standard molecular clock proposed for lepidopteran mtDNA, the haplotypes have been diverging for up to 2.5 million years. The greatest amount of haplotype diversity was observed in the Fayetteville population where borer management is not maintained. High levels of gene flow were observed among the Clarksville, Springdale and Fayetteville populations suggesting the LPTB has a broad dispersal range. Examination of the genealogical relationships and phylogenetic analysis of the 12 haplotypes supports the existence of three genetically distinct but morphologically indistinguishable subspecies.


To capture the coarticulatory effects in Putonghua continuous speech is important to improve the performance of automatic speech recognition system. A new acoustic modeling technique to construct inter-syllable context-dependent units is proposed, which is based on some particular characteristics of Putonghua. The acoustic model is detailed and context-dependent units are formed after phonetic coarticulation between neighboring syllables is taken into account. Then various contextual influences between syllables are classified based on Putonghua phonetic knowledge. This phonetic classification makes sharing parameters across different units possible, which can significantly reduce the complexity of acoustic model and construct a trainable model. Compared with traditional parameter-sharing techniques, this one is purely based on phonetics, instead of acoustical data-driven clustering. Experimental results show that this technique can significantly improve system performance. The proposed method reduces error rate by 17%.