An index relevant to the experimental power of marker-QTL detection is Vb/(VP-Vb). Maximum value of Vb/Vq can only be achieved by finding the most appropriate marker. E(Vb/Vq) is a function of number, degree of dominance and configuration of QTL, marker position, and chromosome length. When a marker was linked to one or two cis-configurated segregating QTL, E(VbA/q) decreased rapidly w ith longer chromosomes, while a nonlinear relationship between the length and E(Vb/Vq) was observed in QTL trans-configuration. E(Vb/Vq) of a central marker is generally larger than that of a terminal one. Vb and Vq generally increased in the presence of complete dominance. Trans configuration of QTL dramatically reduced the value of Vb, Vq and the maximum value of VbA/q, which greatly increases the difficulty of the marker-QTL detection.


The Sr3Al2O5Cl2:Ce3+,Eu2+ phosphors were prepared by solid state reaction. The obtained phosphors exhibit a strong absorption in the UV-visible region and have two intense emission bands at 444 and 609 nm. The energy transfer from the Ce3+ to Eu2+ ions was observed, and the critical distance has been estimated to be about 24.5 A by spectral overlap method. Furthermore, the developed phosphors can generate lights from yellow-to-white region under the excitation of UV radiation by appropriately tuning the activator content, indicating that they have potential applications as an UV-convertible phosphor for white light emitting diodes.


We develop a principal-agent model based on a sequential game played by a representative investor and a fund manager in an asymmetric information framework. The model shows that investors' perceptions of the fund market play the key role in the fund's fee-setting mechanism. The managers' true ability to deliver performance is not relevant. Along with a simple relation between fees and funds' performance, empirical evidence suggests that most U.S. domestic equity mutual funds have added high markups in recent years. We show that, for these fees to be justified, investors would have expected the fund managers to be able to deliver an overall annual excess-return of around 3% over the S&P 500, net of fees, irrespective of the investment style and of the risk level of the funds. Therefore, we interpret these high markups as resulting from the investors' optimism bias whose root can be found in their lack of financial literacy as well as in funds' marketing effort.


We propose an algorithm to cluster categorical data named as 'Genetic algorithm initialized rough set based fuzzy K-Modes for categorical data'. We propose an amalgamation of the simple K-modes algorithm, the Rough and Fuzzy set based K-modes and the Genetic Algorithm to form a new algorithm,which we hypothesise, will provide better Centroid Model clustering results, than existing standard algorithms. In the proposed algorithm, the initialization and updation of modes is done by the use of genetic algorithms while the membership values are calculated using the rough set and fuzzy logic.


mucous miienlbrane, an action whlichl it shared with aminonia, for instance, in smelling salts. Tlhiis acti6n accounted for thle great preference whliichl people had for brandv over otlher forms of alcolhol, and old brandy in particular. He believed, lhowever, tllat there was room for a systematic investigation into the action of alcohol in abnormal conditions in wlliclh tile heart Was weak and the blood pressure low, in order to settle the question whether there w-as anything, after all, in tlhe claimn thlat alcolhol lhad a stimulant action on the circulation. Tlle experiments whichl seemed to negative a stimulant action on the lheart and respiration hiad been carried out on normiial animi]als and man, and the possibility remained that it miglht lhave some stimiulaut action on functions abnormally depressed, whlich those experiments had missed altogether.If suclh an effect existed, there was at present no evidence to warrant thiem in assumincg its existeniee. As for the value of alcolhol in promotinga diaestion, while tllere was experimental evidence tllat alcohol wvould cause a ratlher profuse outbreak of gastric juice, tlle juice in question was not the normal julice, but a fluid low in acidity, and very poor in gastric ferment. Any effect wliich alcolhol mighlt lhave, in promiioting digestion muLst be due to its aetion in relieving anxiety or the effects of pain or fatigue. Dr. Dale concluLde-d by deprecatilng two attitudes towards .the therapeutic use of alcolhol: one, that alcohol was a mvsterious fortifying substance wllichi would btuild up the constitutioni, and could be prescribed witlhout danger and witlh probable advantage; the otlher, that because it was a daingerous tlhing for the public to use, its rational use in medicine was to be avoided. Dr. 0. LEYTON described somue experiences with alcolhol ini tlle early stages of the starvation treatmellt of diabetes. It appeared that, after soimie period of semi-starvation, patienits mailaaed to adapt tlhemselves to the limliited diet, even thoualg alcolhol was not continued; either the body acclimatized itself to the simall supply of food, or else the patients learned to utilize cellulose. He had not sufficient evidence to slhow tlhat it was necessary for alcohol 'to be continued indefinitely in tllis treatment of diabetes. He believed witlh Dr. Dale that the onily way in wlhiclh alcolhol could imuprove digestion was by altering tlle state of imind, not by any direct action on the stomuacli. Sir ROBERT ARMSTRONG-JONES said that lhe lhad found alcohol to lhave a definite hypnotic effect in somiie cases of acute uania, and in that condition it was eliminated from tlle skin better and more quicklly than in miielaucholia. In Juvenile miielalnelholia and seniile depression the prescriptiou of alcolhol was inadmissible. He lhad had 330 cases. of general paralysis of the insane under his care wlhile resident at Claybury, and lhe lhad seen a numLber of private cases, and he lhad to record no good effect fromii the administration of alcolhol. In cases of acute delirious .mania, puerperal insanity with. rapid exhaustion, the free -administration of alcolhol was often the only tlhing tljat would save life. He had tried various stimulating diets, but dry wine in the slhape of dry slherry or moselle hlad saved lives when lnotlhing else lhad availed. Professor RANSON said tllat experimental evidence proved that when the respiratory cenitre was depressed tlle effect of alcolhol was to depress it still fLrtlher. Alcolhol was naot a stimulant to respiratorv action, unless reflexly from the moutlh. AMr. ARTHUR EVANS said that during the last two years at the London Temperance Hospital he lhad domle 254 operations, witlh 12 deatlhs. The deaths were practically inevitable from the lnatutre of tlle cases. Alcohol was ,,iveln in no instanice. He claiLed tllat tlle statistics of 44,000 patients admitted since tlle foundation of the hlospital-to only 136 of wlhom, mostly cascs of pneumionia, was alcolhol given-compared. well withl tllose of otler inistitutions. Sir A. PEARCE GOULD, from tlie chair, in closing tlle discussioln, remiarked that tlhe. vithlioldina of alcolhol in thle cancer wards of the 'Middlesex: Hospital and tlle admiiinistration of morphine wvitli a mucli miiore sparing hand than formerly had addedl greatly to the patients' conmfort.


Based on the analysis of the present situation that the development technology of current software can not adapt to the complex and variable military environment and the special requirement of unstable network in the development of military logistics system,this paper proposed a military logistics system that based on mobile agent technology,and presented the description of structure and the analysis of key technology of the system.


Parents should be confident that our schools are places of learning and trust for all students. When violations of that trust occur, there should be consequences.


This paper discusses four assumptions and four concerns regarding instruction using the World Wide Web. The assumptions address: the novice status of the Web course developer; the developer's appreciation for various aspects of the Web; her high expectations for doing it right; and her commitment to not incurring more costs for distance learners. In discussing the first concern, issues of pedagogy, the paper examines dilemmas of Web course creation, concluding that the Web is a highly verbal medium that limits student responses and demands a pedagogy that is inconsistent with meeting individual needs. The second concern emphasizes skills students need to succeed on the Web. Students who are not visual learners or who have visual difficulties, and students who do not have access, are problematic. The third concern is student retention. Only 8 of the 28 students who originally signed up actually completed the course that term. Traditional classes typically have a much higher completion rate. Finally, personal costs of using a Web based course include: significant amounts of time involved; tremendous stress in trying to complete the course within unrealistic time limits; expenditure of personal funds; and serious health problems that arise from overuse of the computer. (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ABSTRACT: ARE WE READY TO ABANDON THE CLASSROOM? THE DARK SIDE OF WEB INSTRUCTION (c) 2000 by Leo Nora M.Cohen School of Education, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 AERA presentation, April 25th, 2000 New Orleans zt. c> .o Four assumptions/contextual aspects and four major areas of concern regarding Web instruction are cr. discussed. The assumptions include: the novice status of this Web course developer, her appreciation of the aspects of the Web, her having high expectations for "doing it right", and her commitment not to incur more costs for students at a distance. ARE WE READY TO ABANDON THE CLASSROOM? THE DARK SIDE OF WEB INSTRUCTION (c) 2000 by Leo Nora M.Cohen School of Education, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 AERA presentation, April 25th, 2000 New Orleans zt. c> .o Four assumptions/contextual aspects and four major areas of concern regarding Web instruction are cr. discussed. The assumptions include: the novice status of this Web course developer, her appreciation of the aspects of the Web, her having high expectations for "doing it right", and her commitment not to incur more costs for students at a distance. Issues of pedagogy discuss the dilemmas of Web course creation, concluding that the Web is a highly verbal medium that limits student responses and demands a pedagogy that is not consistent with meeting individual needs. A second issue relates to the skills a student needs to be successful on the Web. Students who are not visual learners, or who have visual difficulties, as well as those who do not have access are problematic. A third issue is retention of students. In my first section of this course, only eight of the 28 students that initially took the course completed it during that term, while face-to-face classes typically have a much higher completion rate. Finally, personal costs included a high amount of time (over 500 hours between myself and my colleague); tremendous stress in trying to complete the course within unrealistic time limits; expenditure of over $1200 of my own funds to format the course in HTML; and serious health problems that have arisen from over-use of the computer.


The soybean protein isolates is the soluble protein from soybean meal.The traditional extration method is base extraction and acid precipitation.The other methods are membrane seaperation ,foaming seaperation and biopolar electroacidification.The modification methods are thermotreat ,acid treat and enzyme treat.


(1) The spatial organization of a population of red foxes, Vulpes vulpes L., living in the city of Oxford was investigated and contrasted to that of a neighbouring population in the surrounding suburbs. (2) Both populations were organized in social groups, each of which occupied an exclusive territory. While territories in the suburbs were spatially stable, those in the city drifted in location continually, but they did so in such a way that the juxtaposition of neighbouring groups remained essentially unaltered across generations of occupants. (3) The hexagonal pattern of city ranges moved at a rate equivalent to the complete displacement of an average range (38·8 ha) every 13 months (3·01 ha month-1), although drifting was more pronounced from November to April. City and suburban foxes had comparable diets and ranges of the same order of magnitude; the mobility of city foxes was associated with social instability due to a higher turnover of the population and a lower proportion of barren vixens. (4) As a response to constraints of the city environment not encountered in the suburbs, synchronous drifting of city ranges represents a rapid modification of behaviour since the urban niche first became occupied by foxes in the 1930s.


Finding ways to minimize the atmospheric concentration of PM2.5 is an emergency issue throughout the world. This research has found a method to calculate historical PM2.5 data and to define the PM2.5 environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) pattern in Taiwan. From the analysis of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency's public emission data, results showed that the continuous decay of PM2.5 is mostly contributed by the energy policy, while several short-term regular stepwise fluctuations in PM2.5 concentrations are caused by natural activity. Our study also proved that the linear decay with stepwise fluctuations also exhibits an EKC pattern. The results herein mean that the continuous decay of PM2.5 is caused by the energy policy, while the regular fluctuation of PM2.5 concentrations is caused by natural activity, like the La Nino phenomena. Based on the viewpoint of this paper, the oil consumption percentage for electricity generation should be first reduced to zero. However, oil-based power plants are an important emergency source of electricity supply. If Taiwan wants to continue the reduction of PM2.5 in the future, then a big capacity electric storage facility should be built as an emergency source of electricity supply. The energy policy in Taiwan at 2025 will be 50% natural gas, 30% coal, and 20% green energy. As oil fuel will reach 0%, PM2.5 will be affected by the energy intensity contributed from coal and natural gas, meaning that PM2.5 will maintain a long-term attenuation trend until 2035. Original Research Article Huang; AJEBA, 21(6): 124-129, 2021; Article no.AJEBA.68886 125


The paediatric cranial nerve examination is complicated by the fact that the patient may not be able to cooperate fully with the examiner. This necessitates the use of a clearly structured and age appropriate approach to ensure that important clinical signs are elicited. This review aims to present a reproducible schema for examination of cranial nerves in neonates, infants and children. Some important clinical findings are also briefly discussed. It is hoped that this review will provide a platform on which the individual practitioner may, with the aid of their own clinical experience, develop an effective method for assessment of cranial nerve function in all ages of child. Word Count: 2549 (excluding abstract, tables and references).


A new efficient test approach of functional faults in word-oriented content addressable memories (CAM) is presented. New functional fault models of CAM, based on physical defects are given, taken from traditional functional fault models for SRAM. All functional faults of CAM are classified into OR faults (ORFs) and AND faults (ANDFs). To test intra-word and inter-word faults, different data background sequences for word-oriented CAM are proposed. A whole test strategy, include three steps, is presented to test word-oriented dual-port CAMs thoroughly.


In recent years, natural fiber reinforced polymer composites have received much attention because of their many advantages such as lightweight, nonabrasive, nontoxic, low cost and biodegradable properties. A lot of research has been done all over the world on the use of natural fibers as a reinforcing material for the preparation of various types of composites. However, due to the incompatibility between fibers and polymer matrices, the
tendency to form aggregates during processing and the poor resistance to moisture, reduce the use of natural fibers as reinforcements in polymers. Chemical treatments of the natural fiber can clean the fiber surface, stop the
moisture absorption process, chemically modify the surface, and increase the surface roughness. To this end, in the present research work, the use of pretreated natural fibers in polymer matrix composites has been studied. Also, the effect of surface modification of natural fibers on the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced polymer composites has also been discussed. Finally, the surface morphology of the composite of fractured surface is analyzed using SEM study.


Previous studies have determined that Caribbean reef sponges of the genus Agelas are chemically defended from fish predation by brominated pyrrole alkaloids, and that the compounds responsible for this defense have been elucidated for 1 species, A. clathrodes. In this study, we ex- pand our understanding of chemical defense in this common sponge genus to include the character- ization of defensive metabolites in the tissues of A. wiedenmayeri and A. conifera. Bioassay-directed isolation of defensive metabolites was undertaken using fish feeding assays carried out in laboratory aquaria and in the field. A. wiedenmayeri contained the same 2 major metabolites as A. clathrodes, 4, 5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (1), and oroidin (2), in addition to a small amount of bromoage- liferin (7). The 2 major metabolites were present at higher concentrations in samples of A. wieden- mayeri than in A. clathrodes, and their relative concentrations were reversed, with A. wiedenmayeri on average containing more 4,5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (1) (2.0 mg ml -1 ) than oroidin (2) (0.8 mg ml -1 ). A. conifera contained a mixture of dimeric bromopyrrole alkaloids dominated by scep- trin (3), with <10% each of dibromosceptrin (5), bromoageliferin (7), dibromoageliferin (8), ageliferin (6), and bromosceptrin (4). Mean concentration of sceptrin (3) in sponge tissue was 5.3 mg ml -1 ; this compound deterred feeding of reef fish in aquarium assays at 1.0 mg ml -1 , the lowest concentration assayed. Sceptrin (3) concentrations were higher in sponges collected in the southern Bahama Islands than in those collected in the middle Bahamas, but the reasons for this variation remain unclear. The structure-activity relationship of the pyrrole group was investigated by assaying derivatives of the active metabolites. Feeding deterrent activity of the molecule was enhanced by the addition of bro- mine to the pyrrole group, but not affected by exchange of the heteroatom from N to O or S. Com- bining an understanding of the structure-activity relationship of Agelas metabolites with an under- standing of the variation in these metabolites across the genus may provide insight into the evolution of defensive chemistry in this highly successful taxa of pan-tropical sponges.


There are a lot of traditional specialty and intangible cultural heritage in Hubei Province,including 65 geographical indications products,42 geographical indications trademark,24 agricultural geographical indications,2 former indications of origin and 76 national intangible cultural heritages.In this article,the geographical indications of traditional specialty and intangible cultural heritage in Hubei were introduced,then the developing measures for protection of intellectual property of geographical indications of traditional specialty and intangible cultural heritage were discussed and some proposals were put forward.


Usage of electronic journal in an academic consortia environment provides an interesting result on the pattern of user's behaviour. The paper is an attempt to identify the pattern of user's downloading behaviour through COUNTER complain usage statistic 2011 by adopting Pareto 80/20 rule. UGC-Infonet consortium is UGC-INFLIBNET initiative that subscribes to 19 publishers of aggregators, society, and commercial publishers. The result of the study indicates that Pareto 80/20 rule applies to publishers whose journal bundles are more in number when individually publishers are analysed. But contrastingly, consolidated usage on all the journals when put together demonstrates a closer 80/20 pattern of usage.


Arched beam,which is a common type of structure in engineering practice,is adopted in most of bridge beams and tunnels.Its internal force and stress are often more complicated and are hard to get accurate answers in theory.This paper makes the model analysis on the arch-ring model through the test (adopting hammering method),and studies and analyzes its dynamic properties through inter-comparison of vertical and radial vibrations.The test shows that its frequency has little change in vertical and radial vibrations.


This paper analyzes the institutionalization process—habitualization, objectivation and sedimentation (Berger & Luckmann, 1966)—of the Formal Structures of Tourism Research (FSTR) in Brazil, guided by the institutional theoretical lenses, in its sociological perspective. This is a descriptive and explanatory survey research. Empirically, secondary data was collected from all the 234 existing FSTR since 1964 and active in 2016 in the CNPq (Science and Technology Council) directory of research groups, elected as the most representative type of FSTR in the previous survey (Pimentel, 2016). Statistical analyses were done by SPSS software and content analysis was used for qualitative data. Three main periods were identified regarding the FSTR institutionalization process in Brazil: the first one (1964-2001), Habitualization, higher education courses were created for the training in tourism, the subject of "tourism" spread in academic circles and its insertion as a line of research was observed. The second one, Objectivation (2002-2009), the subject was consolidated through the creation of specific groups of research, in a huge expansion. The third one (2010 to present), the sedimentation of the FSTR occur, the contingent of tourism graduates, with masters and doctoral degrees, inserted in Higher Education Institutions as teacher-researchers, and new generations of researchers are beginning to form. However, the full institutionalization process requires the intergenerational transmission of the objective structures, as well as the symbolic references of knowledge generation.


Google.com, the ultramodern measuring stick for social and political currency, lists some 17.6 million results for a search on "globalization." Front pages and op-ed pieces from major international newspapers speak to the impact of globalization almost weekly, if not daily. The influence and relevance of the phenomenon are unquestioned, as is the diversity of opinion on the nature of its impact. In simple terms, globalization is the continued integration of economies and societies. Individual state perspectives, governments, and boundaries have ceded to multilateral organizations, global economic and political regimes, and international markets. But is the shift from a state-based society to a global society really at the heart of the issue? Is that what activists are fighting against on the streets of Seattle and Genoa? Is that what technocrats and corporate executives consistently praise? The answer is not clear, for the notion of globalization is so broad, so nebulous, that it is indeed possible to find credible evidence to support conflicting sides of the same argument. In order to gain insight into globalization, one must break the concept down into distinct building blocks, and evaluate each one individually. Along these lines, this Note attempts to evaluate the impact of multinational corporations (MNCs) on worldwide human rights


In his monographThe principle of contradiction in Aristotle (1910), the Polish philosopher Jan Łukasiewicz (1879-1956) subjects the conception, the formulation and the proofs of the principle of contradiction developed by Aristotle, mainly in book Gamma of the Metaphysics, to a minute critique. Basing himself on the Meinongian theory of the object, Husserl's Logical Investigations, non-Euclidian geometry and logical-mathematical antinomies, Łukasiewicz reformulates the principle of contradiction with further precision, showing, among other things, the close bond which exists for Aristotle between the understanding of this principle and the ontology of substance. He is led to affirm that the truth of the principle of contradiction cannot result from a logical demonstration, nor from an ontological theory, but rather from a practical-ethical necessity. In this capacity as a practical truth, the principle of contradiction constitutes the basic arm against lies and errors. Basing himself on the most recent developments of these questions, notably, by Graham Priest, our dissertation formulates a precise analysis of the contents of The principle of contradiction in Aristotle and shows the importance of the Lukasievitchian critique for a more authentic comprehension of a principle whose formulation, significance and stakes have seemed definitively fixed on Aristotle's work.


In this article we present research that took place in two separate forest regions, the southern Yukon Territory, Canada, and the Tuchola Forest region of Poland1. Th ough undertaken separately, the authors discovered that a linking concept in both projects was that forests were the subject of numerous and shift ing perceptions by locals. As a means of better understanding this similarity we examine the nature of forest through exploring and comparing local forest perceptions in both regions. In particular we focus on ambiguous or seemingly contradictory representations of forests: shift ing perceptions over time, their representation as both wild and tame, as human and natural, known and unknown, and as symbols of the past and future.


In order to control of Stephanitis pyriodes which is the main pest of Rhododendron simsii,37% beta-cypermethrin malathion,1. 8% avermectin,5% imidacloprid·cypermethrin and 10% imidacloprid were selected for toxicological test and laboratory experiments on Stephanitis pyriodes. The results showed that,all of the four pesticides were suit for controlling of Stephanitis pyriodes,the control effect of four pesticides were 100% after 5 days sprayed. The control effect of 5% imidacloprid and cypermethrin mixtures EC diluted by 1 000 times were 93. 3%,98. 9% and 100% after 1 day,2 days and 3 days sprayed respectively. The toxicity of four pesticides was 5% imidacloprid·cypermethrin 37% beta- cypermethrin malathion 1. 8% avermectin 10% imidacloprid.


Abstract : This report describes the Adaptive Computerized Training System (ACTS) which combines the techniques of circuit simulation, artificial intelligence, decision modeling, and adaptive computer-assisted instruction to provide training in decision making. The ACTS incorporates an adaptive computer program which learns a student's value structure and uses this structure to train the student in practical decision making. This report describes the development and operation of the ACTS as it is applied to training electronics troubleshooting. Experimental evaluations have demonstrated that the adaptive decision model accurately models a student's performance, and that adaptively- selected instructions and decision feedback can improve troubleshooting performance.


© 2013 Dmitrikov V. P., doctor of engineerings sciences, Professor PadalkaV.V., candidate of engineerings sciences Poltava state agrarian academy Procenko O. V., candidate of chemical sciences Kolomeec V.I., teacher Dniprodzerzhinskiy state technical university PROCESSING OF EXHAUST LEADEN-CADMIUM GALVANICELEMENTS REPORT 1. PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF PROCESSING Reviewer – doctor of pedagogical sciences, Professor M. V. Grineva The results of researches are resulted on the reagent processing of exhaust leaden-cadmium galvanic elements and accumulators which serve as the second raw material for electrical engineering industry. The method of processing is developed zero-emission, energyand resourses economy, ecologically safe, at the same time remaining maintenance of lead, does not exceed cadmium and their connections ecological standards. Chemical and technic processes are analysed, the offered is improved methodology and the general chart of technology of processing of leaden-cadmium galvanic elements and accumulators is developed.


The U.S. legal system allows for individuals to seek recovery for civil wrongdoings. Similarly, workers can receive compensation from injuries that occurred during the scope and course of duties through the employer. Both areas increasingly require psychologists or neuropsychologists to evaluate claimed psychological or cognitive injury. The use of experts in forensic psychology is becoming vital to increasing the accuracy of decision making in torts and workers compensation claims. Psychologists often employ a number of techniques to evaluate the individual's level of injury, if any exists, and determine a prognosis and recommendations. The psychologist also faces many challenges in the legal arena, including staying abreast of recent legal developments, issues related to sharing data, access to collateral sources, and differences of opinion.

Keywords:

forensic psychology;
neuropsychology;
testing in psychology


Uncertainty of estimating the parameters of the aircraft compartments heat exchange mathematical model requires the use of a joint confidence region for estimating the model parameters. The joint confidence regions of parameter estimates describe in the model parameter space the r- dimensional ellipsoid with the center in the vector of the model parameters actual values, where $r$ is the number of model parameters. In the case of a large dimension of the parameter vector, the use of the joint confidence region is associated with computational difficulties. Therefore, conditional joint confidence intervals of each required parameters are introduced in the form of projections of the joint confidence region on the corresponding coordinate axes of the parameter space, which is equivalent to replacing the elliptical region by the parallelepiped circumscribed around it. In recent two or three decades, with the emergence of a powerful supercomputer technology, new possibilities for the numerical solution of the time-consuming tasks, including multidimensional ones, have opened up. Due to the fact that the Monte-Carlo methods are parallelized with a good measure of effectiveness and compared with other methods they are far less sensitive by labor intensity to the dimension of problems increase, they become more competitive. In particular, multi-dimensional problems for parabolic equations on the basis of probabilistic concepts of their decisions can be solved by the method of statistical modeling. Among other things, it is possible to solve inverse problems of the thermal state of the aircraft fuselage honeycomb core and grid constructions using the parabolic boundary value problem with discontinuous coefficients basing on the numerical solution of stochastic differential equations with the use of derivatives assessments on the expected functional parameters of the diffusion processes.


Objective The purpose of this study is to describe anatomic variations of the internal jugular vein (IJV), inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) and their confluence pattern and implications in IPS catheterization. The anatomic route of IPS after going out of the cranium and its confluence patterns with IJV and will supply knowledge about typing of IPS-IJV junction. Method A review of the literature was performed. Results There might be different routes for entering the intracranial segment of the IPS and multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) is effective in identifying the confluences of the IPS with the IJV and their courses. It is important to find the confluence of IPS with IJV for diagnosis and treatment of intracranial lesions via venous route. Meanwhile, IPS diameter at the confluence can significantly affect success of catheterization. Conclusion The classification and the theory of the development of the caudal end of the IPS may be useful in establishing treatment strategies that involve endovascular manipulation via the IPS.


Why is it difficult to be rid of reform pedagogy once one has encountered it? And, what is meant by reform pedagogy? Reform pedagogy is a collective term for a motley group of pedagogical efforts whose origins go back to Rousseau; it acquired more general and concrete contours around the turn of the century, and later was profoundly influenced by progressive pedagogical ideas in the period between the world wars and afterward.


Although PERSIST and C-CAST have different specific objectives they do share a common goal of making use of context and advancing knowledge in building pervasive smart spaces. This paper compares the approaches, analyses the results and considers the outcomes for mobile context-aware services and pervasive computing.


We consider two clouds of ground-state alkali atoms in two distinct hyperfine ground states. Each level is far off-resonantly coupled to a Rydberg state, which leads to dressed ground states with a weak admixture of the Rydberg state properties. Due to this admixture, for a proper choice of the Rydberg states, the atoms experience resonant dipole–dipole interactions that induce mechanical forces acting on all atoms within both clouds. This behaviour is in contrast to the dynamics predicted for bare dipole–dipole interactions between Rydberg superatoms, where only a single atom per cloud is subject to dipole–dipole induced motion (Möbius et al 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 012716).


Pre-trained language models have established the state-of-the-art on various natural language processing tasks, including dialogue summarization, which allows the reader to quickly access key information from long conversations in meetings, interviews or phone calls. However, such dialogues are still difficult to handle with current models because the spontaneity of the language involves expressions that are rarely present in the corpora used for pre-training the language models. Moreover, the vast majority of the work accomplished in this field has been focused on English. In this work, we present a study on the summarization of spontaneous oral dialogues in French using several language specific pre-trained models: BARThez, and BelGPT-2, as well as multilingual pre-trained models: mBART, mBARThez, and mT5. Experiments were performed on the DECODA (Call Center) dialogue corpus whose task is to generate abstractive synopses from call center conversations between a caller and one or several agents depending on the situation. Results show that the BARThez models offer the best performance far above the previous state-of-the-art on DECODA. We further discuss the limits of such pre-trained models and the challenges that must be addressed for summarizing spontaneous dialogues.


Sara has exams to study for, but too much is going on! A girl from her school is dead, her boyfriend Luke is being strange and her friend Carlie is keeping secrets. Is it all connected?
Sara Tries to find out what's happening. She's a top students at school, but she's going to have to break a few rules if she's going to learn what's happened to Luke. Can she solve the mystery before it's too late?


Summary A determination method for N -methyldidecane- 1 -ylamine in environmental water by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed. The method detection limit (MDL) and method quantification limit (MQL) were 0 . 00055 µg/L and 0 . 0014 µg/L, respectively. The average recoveries from river water and sea water were 98 % with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6 . 2 % and 85 % with a RSD of 2 . 4 %, respectively. The concentrations of N -methyl-didecane- 1 -ylamine in rivers and five locations in northern Ise Bay in Nagoya City were below the MDL. The concentrations of N -methyldidecane- 1 -ylamine added to river water and sea water were almost stable over a three-day preservation period, while the concentrations decreased by 50 % after seven days of preservation. In order to discuss the mechanism underlying the aforesaid decrease, the preserved solutions were analyzed by liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Two compounds were identified as the oxidation products of N -methyldidecane- 1 -ylamine in the preserved solutions.


Madrasas are formal institutions under the command of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia and Foundations as institutional stakeholders in madrasas which are organized by the community, the progress of civilization in the world of education rests with educators in each madrasa. Now education is faced with the world of Industry 4.0. MTs Hudaatul Umam revitalizes the learning of moral aqeedah in developing the personality of students as a collaborative form to revive innovation-based learning as the progress of a nation. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the revitalization of learning at MTs Hudaatul Umam. Sources of data obtained from the principal, teachers, and students. This research used a descriptive qualitative method (Field Research) with a sociological approach.


A modular neural network architecture is proposed to classify binary and continuous patterns. This system consists of a supervised feedforward backpropagation network and an unsupervised self-organization map network. The supervised feedforward (basic) network is trained until a saturation error level occurs. Simultaneously, the unsupervised self-organization map (control) network fluids the mapping features for the given input/output patterns. The resultant features are used by Gaussian and linear functions to adjust the hidden and the output weights of the basic network and to classify the given patterns.<<ETX>>


In recent decades, keystroke suppression has got a particular attention due to the increasing use of laptops and computers to capture audio in various communication scenarios such as meetings, audio/video instant messaging etc. In many of these situations, a unique problem of additive keystroke transient noise is faced. Because of the non-stationary, short time and abrupt nature of the keystroke transient, it has been a challenging task for many years. In this paper, two new twostage approaches for the suppression of keystrokes are proposed. In the first stage the speech is estimated using supervised sparse non-negative factorization, which is common in both of the methods. Then, in the second stage, keystrokes are detected and are suppressed by replacing the corrupted speech frames with the corresponding estimated speech frames obtained in the first stage using two new techniques, which is the core contribution of this work. Experimental results show that the proposed approaches exhibit good performance without significantly degrading the quality of speech.


Three-dimensional (3D) sinking woven quartz fiber-reinforced silica composites were successfully prepared by silicasol-infiltration-sintering process at a low temperature of 450°C. The density of the composites was 1.74 g/cm3. The characteristics of 3D sinking woven structure were determined. Flexural strength and shear strength of the composites were investigated along the warp and weft directions. Both flexural stress–displacement curves in warp and weft directions had two fractural points, e.g. matrix fracture point and fiber fracture point. The shear stress–displacement curves exhibited mostly nonlinear behavior. The composite in warp and weft direction reflects different shear behavior. Microstructural observations revealed that the adhesion strength between the fibers and the matrix was weak. There was a good state without serious degradation of quartz fibers during the preparation. Apart from these, the composites exhibited an extensive and long fiber pullout in the fracture surface. Crack deflection and fiber pullout contributed to the good toughness of the composites under the loading.


The present study examines the mean features of Indian summer monsoon and the boreal summer intra-seasonal oscillations (BSISO) as simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional atmospheric model. For this the WRF model at 30-km horizontal resolution is forced with NCEP-II reanalysis as the initial and boundary condition and integrated for a period of 8 years. The simulated results are compared with TRMM rainfall as well as with the reanalysis datasets of NCEP-II and ERA-Interim. Analysis reveals that the WRF model is able to reproduce the observed characteristics of large scale mean features and spatial variations of rainfall and winds at 850hPa and 200hPa. The northward propagating intra-seasonal oscillation (ISO) components over the monsoon trough and the equatorial Indian Ocean is reasonably simulated by the WRF model and shows some promise in understanding the regional characteristics of Indian summer monsoon and its ISO components. WRF model can act as suitable tool for predicting the ISO's over the Indian summer monsoon region. Further, the results presented here suggests that reanalysis with a realistic basic state and proper representation of northward moving ISO's is required to force a regional model. This study elucidate the WRF regional model has shown a reasonable representation of BSISO.


This article examines the determinants of judicial behavior in the context of transition. It tests two assumptions: first, that the judges with experience from the pretransition criminal justice system behave differently from the judges with no such experience; second, that minorities are discriminated against due to their dominant position in society before the transition and stereotypical attitudes after the transition. Using evidence from trial-level courts in Estonia, we find no statistically significant effects between case outcomes, the experience of the judge, and the ethnicity of the suspect. In a Consolidated democracy, an independent, impartial, and efficient judiciary is an inevitable player for securing human rights, the rule of law, and democracy. After the fall of Communism, countries in Central and Eastern Europe have all faced the task of reorganizing their judiciaries to correspond to these values. In many countries, however, this process takes place in the context of increasing conflict between different ethnic groups. In the former Soviet Union, the democratic transition and the restoration of independence of small nation-states also brought about the transformation of the minority status: the formerly dominant ethnic group-the Russians-became a minority. Can newly democratic courts be fair to people of the very ethnic group that used to oppress them? To what extent do ethnic tensions enter the arena of judicial decisionmaking? In order to answer these questions, we need to understand the empirical regularities of judicial behavior in ethnically divided transitional societies. The fact that judges decide cases not only based on the relevant legal provisions, but also influenced by their individual attitudes, beliefs, and values, is well-known in the political science literature. In the United States, for example, this has been observed on the level of both the Supreme Court (Baum 1997; Segal & Spaeth 2002) and trial courts (Ashenfelter, Eisenberg, & Schwab 1995; Hagan & Bumiller 1983; Steffensmeier & Britt 2001). In this article, we examine two potential sources of bias in the transitional judiciary. First, we examine the assumption that service under the old regime taints judges in their later decisionmaking. The replacement of unqualified or unacceptable personnel from the pretransition period with newly trained judges is an important aspect of judicial reform in many transitional countries. Such replacement also assumes that judges from the previous regime behave differently than the newly appointed ones, who have arguably not been "corrupted" by the old system. Testing the empirical validity of this assumption both advances our understanding of the judiciary in transition and has explicit policy relevance to decisions about court personnel reform in new democracies. Second, we analyze whether judges in the newly democratic courts can be fair to people of the very ethnic group that used to oppress them. The integration of different cultures in a single society is a prominent challenge facing former Communist countries (and other countries as well). In Eastern Europe, ethnic discrimination is a well-known problem addressed by different international organizations. Knowing that the courts can, in fact, be impartial and protect minorities from discrimination assures that strengthening the judiciary is a valuable measure to protect minorities from discrimination. The first section of the article gives some background information about the transitional country under study: Estonia. Next, we present the theoretical framework, methods, and results of our empirical analysis on trial-level courts. We have created for the analysis an original dataset of a sample of decisions by trial-level judges in Estonia. The findings indicate that a judge's experience under the previous regime does not seem to be an important factor in judicial decisionmaking. We also find that the Russian ethnic minority does not fare differently in the courts from the current ethnic majority. …


ABSTRACT A study of the phlebotomine sand fly fauna was carried out in the Rio Preto State Park (Minas Gerais, Brazil) aiming to associate the presence of vector species with the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in that region. Sand flies were captured using HP light traps for four months from January to October 2013. The traps were exposed continuously for 40 h each month, in nine fixed sites. A total of 3129 sand flies were captured, belonging to 19 species. Lutzomyia evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes 1936) was the predominant species (76.48%). The distribution of the phlebotomine sand flies and climatic factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) was evaluated. The summer was the season with higher occurrence of insects captured (82.4%). The presence of cutaneous and visceral vector species in park areas requires attention and regular monitoring of sand fly fauna in this conservation area to ensure the well-being of visitors and the regional ecotourism.


The present invention relates to a diesel engine exhaust system having a fuel reforming mechanism. Which solving problems diesel control and reduce harmful emissions and fuel consumption, characterized by: a parallel reformed exhaust gas control valve on the exhaust pipe; exhaust port communicated with the intake port of the fuel reformer, the fuel reformer gas inlet tube communicating with the three-way control valve reformed exhaust gas outlet; within the fuel reformer is provided with honeycomb-shaped catalyst support material in the axial direction. Advantageous effect of the invention is: NO x emissions would be reduced by about 50%, particulate emissions hardly increased; and increasing the effective power and thermal efficiency of the engine, cracked diesel "NO x - particle "problem.


Self-tolerant T cells and regulatory T cells develop in the thymus. A wide variety of cell–cell interactions in the thymus is required for the differentiation, proliferation, and repertoire selection of T cells. Various secreted and cell surface molecules expressed in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) mediate these processes. Moreover, cytokines expressed by cells of hematopoietic origin regulate the cellularity of TECs. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family RANK ligand, lymphotoxin, and CD40 ligand, expressed in T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), promote the differentiation and proliferation of medullary TECs (mTECs) that play critical roles in the induction of immune tolerance. A recent study suggests that interleukin-22 (IL-22) produced by ILCs promotes regeneration of TECs after irradiation. Intriguingly, tumor growth factor-β and osteoprotegerin limit cellularity of mTECs, thereby attenuating regulatory T cell generation. We will review recent insights into the molecular basis for cell–cell interactions regulating differentiation and proliferation of mTECs and also discuss about a perspective on use of mathematical models for understanding this complicated system.


Pharmacy and healthcare experts cautiously praised the planned development of a fast-acting, better version of naloxone (Narcan), which is used to reverse the effects of opioid overdoses.


The invention relates to an array (10) for placement on the skin of a human or animal patient for the purpose of transdermal administration of pharmaceuticals, toxins or drugs, comprising micro-needles (11) on a carrier substrate (12) are arranged, wherein the microneedles in Beeich of transition to the carrier substrate (12) a predetermined breaking point (13) (Fig. 1).


This article presents a comparison of global radiation data at different sites at the Scandinavian Peninsula. It makes use of ground truth, modelled and satellite derived surface global radiation data. First, a quality control of the ground truth data is conducted by evaluating measurements against the clear sky radiation estimated by a reliable model. Second, global radiation data derived from the geostationary satellite Meteosat are compared to the ground truth data. The picture on the front page is a segment of a picture of Europe taken by the geostationary satellite Meteosat at 10.15 on March 23, 2011. The picture is downloaded from yr.no, which is an on-line weather service by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute and the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) (n.d.). The image is artificially coloured to better distinguish land, sea and clouds.


We retrospectively studied the correlative recurrences of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and thrombophilia in 258 patients with DVT. Subjects were followed for 4 to 115 months (mean 34 months). Recurrences were seen in 12 of 258 patients. The presence of thrombophilia in DVT was observed in 8 of 98 patients (3 with antithrombin III deficiency, 3 with protein C deficiency, 1 with protein S deficiency, 1 with antiphospholipid syndrome), and recurrent DVT with thrombophilia was seen in 5 of 12 patients with recurrent DVT. Recurrence of DVT occured from 1 to 36 months after halting warfarin therapy. In conclusion, long term warfarin therapy is necessary for the prevention of recurrent DVT with thrombophilia.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now an essential tool in the field of neuroscience involving non-human primates (NHP). Structural MRI scanning using T1-weighted (T1w) or T2-weighted (T2w) images provides anatomical information, particularly for experiments involving deep structures such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum. However, for certain subcortical structures, T1w and T2w images fail to reveal important anatomical details. To better visualize such structures in the macaque brain, we applied a relatively new method called quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), which enhances tissue contrast based on the local tissue magnetic susceptibility. To evaluate the visualization of important structures, we quantified the the contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of the ventral pallidum (VP), globus pallidus external and internal segments (GPe and GPi), substantia nigra (SN), subthalamic nucleus (STN) in the basal ganglia and the dentate nucleus (DN) in the cerebellum. For these structures, the QSM method significantly increased the CNR, and thus the visibility, beyond that in either the T1w or T2w images. In addition, QSM values of some structures were correlated to the age of the macaque subjects. These results indicate that the QSM method can enable the clear identification of certain subcortical structures that are invisible in more traditional scanning sequences. Highlights NHP subcortical structures are challenging to see in conventional T1w and T2w images We applied quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to identify them easily QSM clearly visualized basal ganglia and cerebellar nucleus of high brain iron content CNRs of some subcortical nucleus were significantly higher in QSM QSM values of several subcortical nucleus increased with age


A discussion has been presented on the important bond between theory and practice in law and legal theory and venture into what literature, or the humanities, can offer to law. The author opines that conversations on how the humanities and law can work together on the subject of phronesis should be made.


Abstract:Encounters with the ghost of Anne Boleyn are one of the strangest, yet persistent, aspects of her literary afterlife, as well as the folklore associated with her memory. Writers have continually imagined (or believed) the enticing prospect of being able to directly question the executed queen about the circumstances of her life and death. What unites all these accounts of a post-mortem Boleyn is their conviction that the past can be made to signify in the present: that historical figures of the early modern world can be made to explain themselves and provide an interpretive lens for understanding historical events.


The author offers the following classification of arterial hypertension: 1) hypertension on toxic ground: a) infectious-toxic (in acute glomerulonephritis, syphilis), b) pure-toxic (in lead poisoning), c) autotoxic (in malignant sclerosis, nephritis of pregnant women); 2) hypertension on reflex ground: a) of central origin (e.g., due to increased brain pressure), b) of peripheral origin, due to increased cerebral pressure), b) of peripheral origin; 3) hypertension of hormonal origin: a) depending directly on adrenal hyperfunction, and b) arising as a consequence of other, secretory disorders with subsequent adrenal dysfunction; 4) hypertension on constitutional grounds, referred to by the author as "constitutional arterial hypertension" in contrast to the former names of "permanent", "essential", or "genuin" hypertension.


DNA aneuploidy has a potential to become an adjunct to conventional cytology for diagnosis of lung cancer, but its value in bronchial washings has not been well evaluated.


In this paper, we investigate the hesitant fuzzy multiple attribute decision making with incomplete weight information. An optimization model based on the maximizing deviation method, by which the attribute weights can be determined, is established. For the special situations where the information about attribute weights is completely unknown, we establish another optimization model. By solving this model, we get a simple and exact formula, which can be used to determine the attribute weights. We utilize the hesitant fuzzy weighted averaging HFWA operator to aggregate the hesitant fuzzy information corresponding to each alternative, and then rank the alternatives and select the most desirable one s according to the score function. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.


Capital markets working in confidence with sufficient diversity of financial instruments make positive contributions to private sector financing opportunities and financial depth in the markets. It is observed in the Turkish economy that capital market finance broadly depends on IPO market rather than fixed income or bond financing. In this paper, we analyse why corporate bond market do not work efficiently and whether credit rating agencies (CRAs) and using corporate bonds as collateral/portfolio asset in stock market transactions/portfolio management play a positive role for the development of the market. It is concluded however increasing effectiveness in credit rating and using bonds as collateral/asset in stock market transactions/portfolio management would help to reduce pricing, liquidity and valuation problems in the corporate bond market. But it is believed that merely changes in regulations would not sufficient enough to solve structural problems (crowing-out effect, alternative financing opportunities (i.e. debt financing from domestic/foreign creditors) and inadequate institutional investor demand) and hence develop the market.


Abstract : The United States Army has been in persistent conflict over the last ten years since the announcement of the Transformation and the introduction of Joint Vision 2020, which called for a new focused logistics strategy and a reduction in logistics mass. Unfortunately, the transformation in logistics and sustainment for the Army took a back seat to the close fight war effort to ensure the war fighter was well resourced and sustained. Now with the war in Iraq winding down and the war in Afghanistan heading in the same direction, the cry in garrison is for units to get back to basics . Years of overly healthy stocks, excess equipment in theater, and a war resourcing mentality has given rise to a culture of leaders and Soldiers who have never been without. This cry for back to basics is coming from the highest level of leadership in many different war fighting functions, and sustainment is no exception. But is it wise to preach a back to basics message to a force that has no idea what that means? Or should the message capitalize on the talent and experience troops have gained in ten years at war.


This study aims to determine the impact of inflation, Earning per Share (EPS), Price Earnings Ratio (PER) on stock prices. This study was conducted in one of the Food and Beverage Industry companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), namely PT. Siantar Top Tbk during the period 2010-2016. Techniques of data retrieval are done by the study of literature and methods of analysis used multiple regression method. The results showed simultaneously that inflation, Earning Per Share (EPS), Price Earnings Ratio (PER) had a significant impact on stock prices. But only partially inflation of no significant impact, whereas Earning Per Share (EPS) and Price Earnings Ratio (PER) significantly influence stock prices.


Aims The spatial segregation hypothesis and the low-frequency hypothesis are two important proposed mechanisms that delay or prevent competitive exclusion in ecosystems. Because tree species interact with their neighbors, the importance of these potential processes can be investigated by analyzing the spatial structures of tree species. Methods The distribution of the adults of 27 common tree species in a fully mapped 5-ha subtropical forest plot in Baishanzu, eastern China, was analyzed to investigate the community-level intra- and interspecific spatial association patterns. We first tested for the overall spatial pattern in the 5- to 40-m neighborhoods and classified first-order bivariate associations with a diametric scheme based on Ripley's K and nearest-neighbor statistic (G-function). Then heterogeneous Poisson null models were used to distinguish second-order interactions from overall spatial associations (including first-order effects). Finally, we analyzed correlations between the existence of species interactions and some attributes of the species involved. Important Findings Partial overlap and segregation increased with scale, whereas mixing decreased. Nearly 70% of the species pairs occurred less than expected at random, and only 3.4% of the species pairs were well mixed; 11.0% of all species pairs showed significant small-scale interactions,whichwasa greater frequencythan expected bychance if species are abundant or prefer the same habitat, but less frequent than expected if species are highly aggregated. This suggests that both spatial segregation and low frequency of species facilitate species coexistence byreducing the opportunity that trees of twospecies encounter each other. The study also revealed that positive interactions were more prevalent than negative interactions in the forest, which indicates that positive interactions may have important effects on forest species assemblies.


Normal design practice is to decouple the design of applications using a network from the design of the network itself. Designers optimize network performance by only focusing on network transport layer mechanisms for robustness (connectivity), efficiency (throughput), & speed of service (latency). Applications offer loads to the network and rely on the QoS function in the network to prioritize the traffic flows. By contrast, network centric operations focus on application layer features like situation awareness and synchronization to enhance force effectiveness. Therefore, in contrast to enterprise networks in which QoS processes messages based on fixed priorities by data type, in mission orientated MANET, QoS must be a cooperative function between application and network resource management that uses dynamic priority allocation derived from task priorities established by commanders within echelon hierarchies1,2.


Astrostatistics—the development and application of principled statistical methods to problems in astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology—is a relatively young discipline. The last decade has seen a surge of interest in this burgeoning field, fueled by the increased availability of large and complex data sets in all fields of astronomy. From analyzing cosmic microwave background maps to determining the distributions of galaxies in the sky; from discovering planets orbiting other stars to mapping out the dark matter in the Universe, sophisticated statistical methods have become an essential tool for the modern astrophysicist. Far from being the last resort of physicists who 'should have done a better experiment' (as Rutherford reportedly put it), statistical methods are now instrumental in the analysis and interpretation of astronomical and cosmological observations. The discipline of astrostatistics is thus gathering momentum, thanks to the increased number of fruitful collaboration between astronomers (in the widest possible sense of the term) and statisticians. Indeed, this special issue contains some fine examples of the rich and multifaceted scientific rewards that such cross-disciplinary activity can bring. Formerly confined to a small circle of practitioners, astrostatistics is now the subject of major international conferences and meetings. Astrostatistics is now being recognized as a discipline in its own right, which led to the establishment of the International Astrostatistics Association with working groups both within the International Statistical Institute and the International Astronomical Union. An increasing number of initiatives aimed at facilitating the collaboration between astronomers and statisticians on a regular basis are taking shape all over the world. One of the latest examples of this whirlwind of activities is the establishment of the Imperial Centre for Inference and Cosmology at Imperial College London. From a methodological point of view, astronomical problems provide an excellent testing ground for the development of new statistical techniques. They offer complex but often well-defined, structured problems; they are often posed in an overarching theoretical framework (as opposed to being purely phenomenological descriptions of the data); they present multiple layers of uncertainty (model specification, computer models, instrumental response, calibrations, unknown population parameters, systematic errors, etc.); and crucially, large data sets are mostly freely available to the community. Thus astrostatistics offers the perfect playground for the statistician interested in cutting-edge problems with wide-ranging applications. Astronomers as a community, on the other hand, are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their description and analysis of data, and the interplay with statisticians has played a central role in this evolution. In some cases, problems first encountered in the astronomical context have spurred the development of methods and solutions that have then found much wider applicability. This special issue contains some excellent articles from this emerging field, showcasing the breadth of problems encountered as well as demonstrating the wide variety of statistical techniques that can be brought to bear. In 'Bayesian Model Averaging in Astrophysics: A Review', Parkinson and Liddle review the use of Bayesian Model averaging in astrophysics. They discuss various computational techniques including Markov chain Monte Carlo and Nested Sampling and present various insightful examples. Astronomical data contains many complications, including heteroscedastic errors, intrinsic scatter, selection effects, outliers, and mixtures. In 'Measurement Errors and Scaling Relations in Astrophysics: A Review', Andreon and Hurn review common regression methods in astrophysics and discuss how they deal with some of these complications. In 'Combining Computer Models to Account for Mass Loss in Stellar Evolution', Stein et al. incorporate several separate computer models for various phases of stellar evolution in a coherent Bayesian analysis and discuss how to use the resulting statistical methods for model building, fitting, checking, and improvement. Recently, overlapping large scale surveys of the sky were combined in so-called virtual observatories. Missing values and high-dimensionality are an inhered feature of the resulting data. In 'CASOS: a Subspace Method for Anomaly Detection in High Dimensional Astronomical Databases', Henrion et al. develop a novel algorithm for detecting anomalies that deals with the missing value problem directly.


M uch like toddlers turning two, researchers working on quantum computers have reached that awkward "in-between" phase: They are beginning to understand the full potential of what they can do, but achieving that potential is—tantalizingly—just out of reach. Quantum computers have issues executing arbitrarily long computations because of hardware limitations, and poorly executed algorithms can easily deliver unexpected—and often incorrect—outcomes.


Exanthema subitum (roseola infantum) is one of the mildest exanthematous diseases to which infants under 2 years are subject. It possesses, however, considerable medical interest, because its origin is unknown and because there is a good deal of confusion in differentiating it from other exanthematous diseases. The accumulation of clinical evidence within recent years has shown that exanthema subitum is a clinical entity. The lack of information about this disease on the part of the medical profession is probably due to the fact that it is mild and is rarely encountered in hospital practice. The reports in the literature usually concern isolated cases observed in private practice. Under these circumstances the disease must have originated from manifold sources, and the reports are open to the criticism that, owing to the poorly defined onset of the disease, there is no means of knowing how long the infants were ill. Also, one


Changes in pH, titratable acidity, COproduction, reducing sugar, and lactic acid bacteria of fresh kimchi juice supplemented with combinations of 3 lactic acid bacteria and germanium(Ge)-132 or fructooligosaccharide(FO) during fermentation at 30 were investigated to assess the potential for extending the shelf life and enhancing the functional properties in kimchi. In kimchi juice containing Ge-132, sample(I) (inoculated with a mixture of bacteriocin-producing SNF-13 strain and E. faecium) exhibited that the amounts of organic acid and evolved COgas were lower than those of the other starter samples(II-IV). The growth of lactic acid bacteria naturally present in kimchi juice, particularly Lb. plantarum and Leu. mesentroides, may be inhibited due to competition of the isolated SNF-13 strain and E. faecium by Ge-132. During fermentation of kimchi juice containing FO sugar, the contents of organic acid and evolved COgas On juice broth with 4 starters were predominantly higher than those of control and Ge-132 groups, and then the growth of lactic acid bacteria originated from kimchi ingredients was thought to be markedly accelerated. Our results indicated that functional properties like the extension of shelf life and increase of biological activity in kimchi were enhanced by adding Ge-132 and bacterium-producing lactic acid bacterium, which were resistant to organic acid and stimulated by Ge-132.


The article is devoted to the study of the problems of mediacritic as phenomena of media culture, the essence of which lies in the interpretation of the virtual environment media. Media criticism is seen as a model of public communication, characterized by explicitely, relevance, publicity and multifunctional. The article presents the technological aspects of the analysis of media texts, proposes an original methodology and methods of interpretation of publicistic works of P. L. Yakovlev Sensitive journey along the Nevsky prospect and An Essay Upon Projects. Of Academies by D. Defoe.


On the basis of the Morison equation, using the additional mass method of water to consider the effects of hydrodynamic pressure on the bridge pier,taking the single-column pier as the research project,with the help of the ABAQUS finite element software,the authors established the seismic response analysis model of the soil-column pier considering the pile-soil dynamic interaction,and the dynamic nonlinear characteristics of soils and concrete.They analyzed the effect of hydrodynamic pressure on the relative displacement,acceleration,shear force,moment of the single-column pier under earthquake ground motion,and discussed the effect of water level on the earthquake response characteristics of single-column pier.The results show that the hydrodynamic pressure effect changes the seismic responses characters of the pier and increases the relative displacement and acceleration of pier top and also increases the internal force of pier bottom.It is necessary to consider the hydrodynamic pressure effect in the seismic design of pier.


I hypothesize that high-risk patient groups for developing severe Covid-19 have in common that there is a chronic, low-level activation of tlr7 by intrinsic substrates prior to virus infection. This leads to acquired desensitization of tlr7-signalling and, more generally, to a state of tlr-tolerance. Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection the induced activation of tlr7-signalling in high-risk patient groups can be expected to be weaker and delayed and consequently these patients will show a weaker or delayed initial innate antiviral response immediately after infection. In men, this is then exacerbated further by the naturally lower expression level of tlr7. The implications for therapy and prophylaxis are discussed.


Separation of the electron and hole traps in semi-insulating GaAs by changing the polarity of bias voltage in the thermally stimulated current measurement is done more distinctly when the photo excitation for initialization is confined to the thinned region of the improved specimen, rather than illumination over the whole front surface as previously reported. It was found that this rambling component of the transient current was suppressed by applying an electric field in the order of 103 V/cm.


Over the past five decades, theoretical paradigms of counseling psychology have expanded in complexity and explanatory power, as have the problems of human living to which they are addressed. In developing the evolution of counseling psychology's paradigms, the principal organizing theme will be the intertwined nature of those paradigms with their treatment by The Counseling Psychologist (TCP) in its early years through 1984. TCP itself evolved in that timeframe from the distinct periods of historical development of the profession. That history will be traced after a sketch of the founding of the journal.


Objective To explore the value and limitations of diagnostic imaging techniques in diagnosing mediastinal neuroblastoma in children.Methods The imaging findings(X-ray film,type B ultrasonic,and CT scan)of mediastinal neuroblastoma confirmed by operation and pathology in 8 cases were retrospectively analysed.The value and limitation of these three diagnostic imaging techniques were evaluated in diagnosing this disease.Results X-ray films showed the posterior mediastinal mass in seven subjects.All eight subjects demonstrated the mediastinal mass in the type B ultrasonic test,in which six had manifestation of rich blood flow inside the mass.CT scan showed round shape soft tissue mass in all eight subjects and six of them with mixed density and cloudy calcification.Conclusion Chest X-ray film is adeguate for identifying the location of mediastinal mass initially.B ultrasonic test,can detect the features of the blood supply inside the tumor,and is a better method in the initial examination for the non-compliant children.CT scan,is the best method in diagnosing mediastinal neuroblastoma,and is able to show the anatomic relationship between the tumor and its surrounding tissues.


By using the methods of literature,analyzing dynamically the application progress of scientific research approach of gymnastics from the view of historical development,through comparative analysis with application of scientific research approach of general sports,this essay analyzes the application characteristic from these drawing concrete exposition about the main method of scientific research of gymnastics.


Background: In today's world of professional sports in which victory and championship are the starting point and endpoint; unfortunately, doping has become an integral part of sport. This malevolent phenomenon not only threatens athletes' body, but also negatively influences their spirits. The present study is an attempt to investigate the relationship of doping with aggression, anxiety, and depression in champion athletes of Kermanshah. Method: With regard to the applied nature of this study, a descriptive method along with a correlational approach was employed for the study. All the champion athletes of Kermanshah constituted the statistical population of the study, among whom the number of 195 people was selected as the participants through random sampling. The respondents completed Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, and a researcher-made questionnaire. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive indexes and Pearson correlation test. Results: The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs by athletic competitors and depression, but there is a significant relationship of doping with anxiety and aggression in physical, verbal and anger elements. Conclusion: Since the harmful effects of performance-enhancing drugs influence the mental and behavioral states of sports champions and threaten the whole society, the attention and efforts of the authorities and the society to this issue are necessary and important.


The article analyses the use of new media by the resistance to Slobodan Milosevic's regime in Serbia in 1995-2000. It focuses on the early use of the internet by the independent radio station B92 and the oppositional organisation Otpor. The article challenges the techno-logical determinism of the Google Doctrine that suggests digital revolutions should lead to li-beral democracy. This insight is significant in the light of the failure of the opposition to Mi-losevic and the so-called 'Bulldozer Revolution' as well as other so-called 'colour revolutions' in the former communist states to establish viable democratic institutions at the end of the 20th century. The opposition, for all the richness of its cultural manifestations, its over-identifications with dominant ideologies, its creativity, instantaneity and performativity, essentially lacked a thorough modernist programme of political emancipation. New media opened up an ideological space that accommodated neo-liberal and anti-authoritarian values instead of those of liberal democracy.


(57) Abstract: omeprazole and lansoprazole (These are chemical, pyridine - a benzimidazole sulfinyl compound), the corresponding acetamido - oxidation of sulphides, to produce an amide sulfinyl compound, followed sulfinyl alkaline hydrolysis to carboxylate or salt, and is prepared by decarboxylation.


One day, not too long after joining a theater workshop in Fort-de-France, Martinique, I walked into the rehearsal room to find the class seated in a circle with Suzette, the workshop facilitator, asking us to explain why we were doing theater. Two primary explanations emerged: The first emphasized theater as a "release," a place where one could express oneself and work with emotions not normally allowed in daily life. Huguette, a teacher at an elementary school, explained this most clearly: As a teacher she must always control herself as well as her pupils. She felt that as a result, her life was becoming too controlled: "J'ai besoin de m'echapper" [I need to escape]. A second theme focused on theater as a form of therapy. Alain, a young man who always appeared upbeat and smiling, claimed that he had problems communicating with people and hoped that theater would help him learn to express himself. Both themes communicated an expression of frustration with daily life, where, it was felt, restrictions were placed on acceptable behaviors and emotions. There was one exceptional response. One of the participants, known for her sense of humor, remarked that she joined the workshop to become famous and to eventually get as much attention as Catherine Deneuve. Our laughter was quickly doused by Suzette's sharp admonition to the participant to take her question seriously. The revised answer was identical to the primary themesescape from daily constraints and a form of therapy. Later, during a break, "Catherine" claimed to a group of us that she had been serious-"What's the problem with wanting that?" she asked.


Policymakers continuously debate the current U.S. Housing Voucher Program, which features a high degree of rationing and decreasing subsidy amount as income increases. This paper studies the effect of the Housing Voucher Program on low-income household labor supply and welfare. Using several datasets, I estimate a dynamic lifecycle model to study the long-term impacts of housing vouchers on employment, and examine how a set of policy reforms affect household labor supply and well-being. I show that voucher usage (as opposed to no vouchers) decreases female labor supply by 17% and male labor supply by 7% in the long run. Compared to the current program, a proposed reform that provides every recipient with a flat-rate subsidy increases female labor supply by 4% and leads to higher welfare. Policies that offer a lower subsidy to a larger population decrease labor supply by 3-4% and increase household welfare. Time-limited subsidies increase female employment by 4% and improve overall welfare.


The purpose of this study is to clarify factors concerning the durability of buildings.The processes of this study are :distributing questionnaires concerning demolished buildings to the members of JBMA ;comparing the factors of this survey with the factors of the former survey;analyzing the impact that the factors for demolished buildings affect the reasons of demolition.The main results from this study are as follows.1)The specific year that effective building age is more than 30 years and the number of completion is large,has the large number of demolished buildings.2) Buildings are not torn down just because they are old. On the other hand, prominent stains of buildings will be a good reason for teardown.


The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of leadership study variables and organizational culture both simultaneously and partially on the job satisfaction of Credit Union Gerakan Konsepsi Filosofi Petani Pancur Kasih Pontianak Activists. The analytical method used is referred to as the associative method and multiple linear regression analysis. The respondents of this study are all Credit Union Gerakan Konsepsi Filosofi Petani Pancur Kasih Pontianak Activists totalling 33 people. The results of applying this study to an F test show that there is a simultaneous influence between leadership style variables and organizational culture variables on job satisfaction while the results of hypothesis testing using a T-test show that there is a partial influence between leadership style variables on job satisfaction, but there is no partial influence between organizational culture variables on job satisfaction. The conclusion from the results of this study is that the leadership style variables and organizational culture variables have a simultaneous influence on job satisfaction, and there is a partial influence of leadership style variables on job satisfaction but there is no influence of organizational culture variables on job satisfaction.


Background:  The addition of spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, to standard therapy can reduce the risk of both morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure.


In view of the complex coupling of winding phase current and speed,this paper applies the feedback linearization theory to design a nonlinear controller which based on the mathematical model of PMSM. The design method not only realized decoupling of the model but also restrained the impact to the system performance. Simulation results in Matlab shows that the system has good speed tracking,steady state accuracy and dynamic performance.


Although health communication scholars have acknowledged the importance of talk about the subjective component of illness for more than 20 years (see, for example, Fisher & Todd, 1983; Hall, Epstein, DeCiantis, & McNeil, 1993; Stewart & Roter, 1989), the role of communication in explaining illness continues to be described (Whaley, 2000). The subjective component of illness includes a patient's beliefs and emotions about illness and the ways that illness affects the performance of roles and responsibilities (Weston & Brown, 1989) and begins to inform the complexities of communication about illness. Health communication scholars continue to develop sophisticated research integrating theory and practice (e.g., Thompson, Dorsey, Miller, & Parrott, 2003), suggesting implications for the ways in which family relationships are defined by health and illness. In Family Care in HIV=AIDS, Premilla D'Cruz brings life voice to the subjective component of illness and illustrates how family systems are redefined through illness and caretaking. Through provocative narratives, she depicts the voice of the lifeworld, providing language to articulate the meaning of the contextual and familial experience of illness and the private meanings of the caregiver role. D'Cruz brings the realities of the human experience of caring for HIV positive individuals to life and provides stories that challenge the reader to consider explanations for the layers of change in roles and relationships during the progression of the illness. The narratives in the text give meaning and intelligibility to the experience of being either a caregiver or care receiver, and they portray how women caregivers' lives have been made invisible and their voices silenced.


The advantages and disadvantages of quasi-frequency control of an asynchronous motor are considered, control algorithms are described, and expedient applications are identified. Formulas for the frequencies of the voltage and torque harmonics are presented


The objective of this research was to assess the level of pollution in the Sakumo wetland with emphasis on heavy metals contamination and their distribution in the wetland, which is being polluted from industrial, domestic and sewage effluents. Samples of water, sediment and fish were collected and analyzed for the concentration of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and zinc) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The sequence of order of the heavy metals in the water, sediment and fish samples observed in the wetland was as follows: Fe > Mn > Cu >Hg, Mn > Fe> V> Cr > Cu >Zn ≈ As >Co > Cd > Hg, Fe > Cu > Mn> V> Hg > Cd respectively. The results showed high levels of copper and managanese in all three samples (water, sediment and fish) however, mercury and cadmium were available in relatively low concentration in the fish samples. Sampled sediment materials revealed highest concentrations of the heavy metals. Fe, Mn, and Zn concentration in fish samples were higherr than WHO/FAO recommended values; however, these heavy metals did not pose any immediate health risk to humans. It is possible however, that, the concentration of these heavy metals may increase in wetland and subsequently in the fishes (and other animals) living within the wetland. Hence, the need for regular monitoring of these heavy metals in the wetland resources is important. *Corresponding Author: C Laar  firstname.lastname@example.com Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 1, No. 6, p. 9-21, 2011 http://www.innspub.net J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2011 10 Introduction Wetlands like most terrestrial ecosystems are made up of soils and water as well as plants and animals. The complex interaction between these components allows wetlands to specialize in the performance of certain ecological or natural functions and generate products of socio-economic importance. The interactions of physical, biological and chemical components of a wetland, such as the soil, water, plants and animals, enable the wetland to perform many vital functions, such as water storage, storm protection and flood mitigation, shoreline stabilization and erosion control, groundwater recharge, groundwater discharge, water purification, retention of nutrients, retention of sediments, retention of pollutants, and stabilization of local climate conditions, particularly rainfall and temperature (Ramsar Convention Secretariat, 2004). The combination of these functions together with the value placed on biological diversity make wetlands useful ecosystems. Wetlands are therefore not wastelands but important ecosystems providing several ecological and production services. Wetland ecosystems, including rivers, lakes, marshes, rice fields, and coastal areas, provide many services that contribute to human well-being and poverty alleviation. Two of the most important wetland ecosystem services affecting human well-being involve fish supply and water availability. Inland fisheries are of particular importance in the Sakumo wetland and they are the primary source of employment and animal protein to rural communities in its catchment. Human activities particularly irrigated agriculture and urban development's instigating water diversions from rivers and streams have often altered the hydrology of most wetlands (Khan et al., 2009). Heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is becoming a potential global problem. Trace amounts of heavy metals are always present in fresh waters from terrigenous sources such as weathering of rocks resulting into geo-chemical recycling of heavy metal elements in these ecosystems (Muwanga, 1997). Trace elements may be immobilized within the stream sediments and thus could be involved in absorption, co-precipitation and complex formation (Mohiuddin et al., 2010). The dumping of refuse, discharge of industrial and domestic sewage, as well as run-off from agricultural farms into surface water also increases the chemical and organic loading of the wetlands thereby decreasing the dissolved oxygen content necessary for aquatic organisms. The discharge of various forms of wastes into the wetland also creates fertile environment for microbiological and biological agents to flourish and spread disease pathogens leading to various health problems for humans and aquatic organisms (UNEP, 2006). Rapid urban growth through the activities of real estate developers and the expansion of settlements through housing projects in the Tema Municipal Assembly as well as agricultural activities in the watershed of the wetland is equally of much concern. The amount of solid waste has been increasing with increasing population and changing socio-economic standards. The Sakumo wetland and its catchment has become home of a number of companies. Food and beverage industries have sprang up in this area. This include the Coca Cola Bottling Company, Ghabico, Kuhmesi cold stores, rush Industries, the accra abattoir, textile and chemical industries such as Printex and Johnson Wax among others (Caraco and Cole 1999). The operations of these companies impact negatively on the Sakumo wetland since their effluents and other waste waters are discharged into nearby streams that empty into the Sakumo lagoon. These discharges carry large influxes of nutrients, suspended and dissolved organic matter, contaminants, and other toxic materials into the wetland thereby affecting flora and fauna. These organic matters also contain plant nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, which when released into the water, may cause eutrophication. These developments have resulted in reduced water quality and self-purification properties of the wetland J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2011 11 as seen in the disappearance of some key fish species from the wetland in the last ten (10) years (Koranteng et al., 2000). Since fish from the wetland constitute an important source of protein for the inhabitants in and around the coastal community; there is the need to ensure that water and sediment on which the fish feed on from the catchment are toxic free. It is envisage that results from this study will generate baseline data on the influence of human interventions on the pollution status of the Sakumo Wetland, and the health risk associated with contamination of the wetland. The Sakumo wetland, which is the major water body in the area receiving drainage water from the area, has been severely damaged as a result of environmental degradation from human based activities (Laar et al., 2011). The industries located in the Sakumono catchment did not have any visible waste water treatment plants hence, liquid wastes were discharged directly (untreated) into nearby storm-water canals. These releases aggravate water quality problems which result in degradation of aquatic resources in the area. The aquatic life of the lagoon has been greatly degraded due to contamination of its tributaries. The aim of this study was to first determine the heavy metals concentration in the water, sediment and fish (Black chin tilapia) from the sakumo wetland and to compare the metal concentrations in these different compartments (water, sediment and fish) and also to eveluate the relevance of the Black chin tilapia as a metal bio-monitor of pollution. Materials and methods Study area The Sakumo (II) wetland lies due east of Accra between Teshie-Nungua and Tema Township in the Greater Accra region of Ghana (Fig 1). The wetland lies between latitude 5035' N to 6040' N and longitude 0000' W to 00 10' W with an altitude of 86.9 m (286ft) and an average elevation of 45.7m. The effective catchment area of the Site is approximately 27,634ha but the water bodies including the lagoon, reservoirs and area liable to flooding is 812 ha. The catchment has a low relief, with the highest point at less than 87m above sea level and with an average elevation of 46m. Major streams within the catchment that drain into the Sakumo lagoon are the Onukpawahe, Mamahuma and Dzorwulu. However, these streams are temporary; flowing normally only during the main rainy season. The wetland is also habitat to about thirteen (13) fish species belonging to thirteen (13) genera and eight (8) families with Sarotherodon nmelanotheron (also known as the Black-Chin tilapia) consisting of about 97% of the total fish population (Koranteng et al., 2000). The geology of the Sakumo catchment is underlain by Dahomeyan (Pre – Cambrian) acidic schists and gneisses with minor areas underlain by intrusive granite and pyroxenite, basic gneisses and quartzite schists. Alluvium occupies the valleys of the major streams and the lagoons that drain the area (Brammer, 1967) as cited by Amatekpor, (1994). Fig. 1. Map of study area. The predominant soils consist of black calcareous, heavy plastic clays suitable for mechanised irrigated cultivation of rice and vegetables. The vegetation consists of savannah grasses, with trees and some thickets. The area experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern, with the major rainy season occurring from mid-March/April to July and the minor rainy season starts from early September to mid – November. Average annual temperature is around 27o C. J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2011 12 Sample collection Geological setting and sites were surveyed in order to choose the sampling location and site. Water samples were collected from the Sakumo (II) lagoon, three industries (alcholic beverage and non-acholic bottling company, textile industry) and surrounding feeder streams namely onupkwahe stream, mamahuma and Dzorwulu River from the Sakumono catchment within the minor raining season. The lagoon was divided into three sections with ten sampling points established (four from the northern course, three from the middle course and three from the southern course). Effluents from various industries within the catchment were also sampled at their point source before discharge into the lagoon. Water samples for physico-c


This paper describes the data acquisition and trigger system of the Thin Time-of-flight PET (TT-PET) scanner. The system is designed to read out in the order of 1000 pixel sensors used in the scanner and to provide a reference timing signal to each sensor in order to measure time differences of better than 30 ps. This clock distribution is measured to have a jitter of less than 4 ps at the sensors. Collected data is locally processed before being forwarded to storage. Data flow as well as control, configuration and monitoring aspects are are also addressed.


The diversity of information is discussed on the base of the concept of information. The symbol information is analysed in the level of basic theory, and some easy confused concept is cleared. Some problems with the putting information into the digital form are discussed.


Description MHC-peptides derived from intracellular oncoproteins represent novel CAR-T targets in pediatric neuroblastoma. MHC-peptides derived from intracellular oncoproteins represent novel CAR-T targets in pediatric neuroblastoma.


Whether immigrants advance in labor markets during their lifetimes relative to natives is a fundamental question in the economics of immigration. We examine linked census records for five cohorts spanning 1850–1940, when immigration to the United States was at its peak. We find a U-shaped pattern of assimilation: immigrants were "catching up" to natives in the early and later cohorts, but not in between. This change was not due to shifts in immigrants' source countries. Instead, it was rooted in men's early-career occupations, which we associate with structural change, strengthening complementarities, and large immigration waves in the 1840s and 1900s. (JEL J15, J24, J61, J82, N31, N32)


Advancements in power electronic systems has brought forth the modernization of residential power systems exponentially. The interfacing of AC and DC loads with various kinds of resources of energy has been achieved with the help of modern nanogrid architectures. This paper brings into depiction a Tapped Boost derived hybrid converter that can be used to meet the demands of both AC and DC loads having a solitary DC input. A voltage source inverter (VSI) bridge network is used instead of the single switch of a Tapped Boost converter. The VSI bridge has shoot-through protection in the inverter stage increasing its importance for smart power systems. The Tapped Boost derived converter also borrows the advantages provided by the Tapped Boost converter. The paper covers topics like the operation, steady-state analysis and operating modes of the proposed Tapped Boost-DHC. The output and input characteristics has also been tested and verified through simulatio


In this paper, we present an example humanitarian open-source software project that has been used since January 2006 at a small liberal-arts college as an experiment in undergraduate CS education. Sahana (Sinhalese for relief) is a free and open-source disaster management system developed in Sri Lanka by a group of IT professionals following the 2004 Asian tsunami. It is a web-based tool that addresses the IT coordination problems that typically occur in trying to recover from a large-scale disaster. We are currently exploring the wider use of Sahana as a sustainable model and platform for teaching about open-source software development while at the same time allowing CS students and educators to make a socially useful contribution of their time, effort, and expertise. This paper presents our experiences with Sahana including the benefits for both academia and industry.


It is shown within a vehicle a system for mounting a camera. The camera can be arranged inside the vehicle behind an IR transmissive window, and in a provided in the interior of the vehicle housing. The camera is thus placed between the windshield and the body, so that the view of the camera goes through the window. A recess or an opening may be formed in the windshield, so that the IR-transparent part can be inserted therein.


Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat) Griffon & Maubl. is a pathogen causing inflorescence dieback disease of cashew in Nigeria and also a common pathogen with a wide host range in the tropics and sub-tropics. The character variations in this pathogen necessitate better understanding of it towards development of management strategies. Isolates identified as L. theobromae were cultured from inflorescence dieback disease of cashew across growing ecologies of Nigeria and studied base on morphological characters. Variability in mycelial texture and colour, conidia and septa sizes and pycnidia production were recorded in this study. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and WARD clustering analysis identified four well-supported traits within the isolate group. Isolates within each cluster was: 2, 2, 4 and 1 respectively and isolate CDA1416 (Obollo-Afor) and CDA2924 (Idi-Ayunre) in cluster III were the most similar. Members within clusters I and II united at the semi-partial R-Square distance of 0.0294 and 0.0278 respectively. Isolate CDA2308 (Oro) was distinguished among others and signal a potential cryptic specie, differences in these isolates were supported by conidial morphology and textural variations. This understanding will form the bases for development of diseases management strategy against the pathogen.