Temperature induced spectral shifts of the 4-aminophthalimide (4-AP) emission spectra have been measured and compared to the predictions of the McRae solvent induced shift theory ( J. Phys. Chem. , 1957, 61 , 562–572). Three moderately polar chloroalkanes selected as nonspecifically interacting media, and six hydrogen accepting or/and electron pair donating solvents have been used as the media in which the temperature influence on 4-AP-solvent interactions has been studied in the range of 180–320 K. Using the ab initio determined 4-AP ground state dipole moment and fitting appropriate expression originating from the mentioned theory to the shifts found in the chloroalkanes it has been possible to estimate the 4-AP excited state dipole moment, the probe excited state Onsager radius and its gas phase emission spectrum position. Using these values the thermochromic shifts of 4-AP emission spectra in hydrogen bond forming solvents have been predicted and compared to the experimental one. Temperature has been found to have different impact on the changes, upon excitation of the probe, in the mean values of the energies of different hydrogen bonds formed by 4-AP with solvents molecules.


The story of the Tohono O'odham peoples offers an important account of assimilation. Bifurcated by a border demarcating Mexico and the United States that was imposed on them after the Gadsden Purchase in 1853, the Tohono O'odham lived at the edge of two empires. Although they were often invisible to the majority cultures of the region, they attracted the attention of reformers and government officials in the United States, who were determined to "assimilate" native peoples into "American society." By focusing on gender norms and ideals in the assimilation of the Tohono O'odham, At the Border of Empires provides a lens for looking at both Native American history and broader societal ideas about femininity, masculinity, and empire around the turn of the twentieth century. Beginning in the 1880s, the US government implemented programs to eliminate "vice" among the Tohono O'odham and to encourage the morals of the majority culture as the basis of a process of "Americanisation." During the next fifty years, tribal norms interacted with--sometimes conflicting with and sometimes reinforcing--those of the larger society in ways that significantly shaped both government policy and tribal experience. This book examines the mediation between cultures, the officials who sometimes developed policies based on personal beliefs and gender biases, and the native people whose lives were impacted as a result. These issues are brought into useful relief by comparing the experiences of the Tohono O'odham on two sides of a border that was, from a native perspective, totally arbitrary.


In today's e-commerce era, more than ever, we need to equip our students to be independent on-line learners. In this article, we will look into the use of online education as a means of understanding the emerging educational paradigm (from a teacher to a student-focus paradigm). Specifically, the focus is on the secondary school system in which the aim is to comprehend and explore the reasons behind the emerging trend, the flaws in the existing schooling system, the characteristics and effects of our proposed paradigm. Finally, we conclude that the proposed educational paradigm whereby online education is provided to supplement the current traditional classroom based teaching could become a reality sooner than expected.


This article describes how developers of powerful process-optimization software packages seek full integration with the distributed control system and real-time cost minimization of the entire plant. Optimizing operations has always been a fundamental objective at powerplants. Now, several software packages are emerging to help do the job. They are already being applied, with impressive results reported, in narrower functions, including: (1) reducing NO{sub x} emissions with minimum sacrifice in boiler performance; (2) indicating stack emissions, optimizing emissions among units, and, in some cases, avoiding continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) systems; and (3) optimizing emissions control processes themselves--such as flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) and urea and ammonia injection systems for NO{sub x} control. Today, software packages using various process-optimizing techniques, serve as off-line advisors to operators about plant conditions. One reason such software is not used in closed-loop mode is that virtually all plant distributed control systems (DCS) now operating were not originally designed to support the intense numerical analysis performed by optimization software. But DCS suppliers are taking their cue: their latest offerings include the capability to run optimization software; soon, DCSs may even be supplied with such software already integrated. Next step, say software developers, is to achieve true closed-loop controlmore » by having intelligent controllers automatically accept and respond to new setpoint adjustments recommended by the software.« less


Addressing the effects of the Internet on social, economic and political organization has become a common academic pursuit among social scientists. The "science" of networks and the scholarly popularity of network analysis have gained increasing relevance in the last decade as traditionally disparate academic disciplines have joined analytical forces to explain the complexity of social organization in the context of globalization, information technology, global civil society and the modernization of the policy process. The emergence of the Internet as a laboratory of human activity has provided analysts with a new set of empirical tools by which to test theoretical models of social and political behaviour with data extrapolated from the regularities of online organization and information exchange. This recent academic convergence around the new science of networks has produced an exciting body of evidence from which political science will surely profit. However, the discipline's ability to navigate the Internet and draw insight from the wealth of human information on the Web remains in the earliest stages of development. This research note takes tentative steps towards understanding Web-based politics and policy making through an examination of virtual policy networks ~VPNs! in Canada. The methodological approach used in the VPN discovery process is of particular interest to scholars studying policy communities. The method applies network analysis to large n data sets, generating precise results


In 1968, Vizing conjectured that, if G is an n-vertex edge chromatic critical graph with χ(G) = ∆(G)+1, then G contains a 2-factor. In this paper, we verify this conjecture for n ≤ 2∆(G).


Automotive radars, along with other sensors such as lidar, (which stands for "light detection and ranging"), ultrasound, and cameras, form the backbone of self-driving cars and advanced driver assistant systems (ADASs). These technological advancements are enabled by extremely complex systems with a long signal processing path from radars/sensors to the controller. Automotive radar systems are responsible for the detection of objects and obstacles, their position, and speed relative to the vehicle. The development of signal processing techniques along with progress in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) semiconductor technology plays a key role in automotive radar systems. Various signal processing techniques have been developed to provide better resolution and estimation performance in all measurement dimensions: range, azimuth-elevation angles, and velocity of the targets surrounding the vehicles. This article summarizes various aspects of automotive radar signal processing techniques, including waveform design, possible radar architectures, estimation algorithms, implementation complexity-resolution trade off, and adaptive processing for complex environments, as well as unique problems associated with automotive radars such as pedestrian detection. We believe that this review article will combine the several contributions scattered in the literature to serve as a primary starting point to new researchers and to give a bird's-eye view to the existing research community.


IEC 62439 defines the parallel redundancy protocol (PRP) which offers zero disruption time for network communication. This paper evaluates the reliability of PRP based substation process bus considering protection functions. Two typical process bus solutions are discussed for a typical transmission substation. To reduce the calculation complicity, the approximation algorithm of reliability evaluation is presented based on the direct disjoint algorithm of the minimal cut sets. An example for the bus protection is given to demonstrate the approximation algorithm. The comparison results show that the presented analysis method is simple and efficient for engineering system. Finally, the reliability and availability of the protection system architectures based on the two process bus solutions have been compared and some suggestions have been given for the application of process bus. Keywords—parallel redundancy protocol (PRP); reliability; process bus; protection; sampled value (SV); generic objectoriented substation event (GOOSE)


Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in the pathophysiology of substance dependence and low striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability is probably both a risk factor for and a consequence of repeated drug use. It was, therefore, hypothesized that increasing dopamine D2 receptor availability is a promising strategy to treat drug dependence (Part 1: Chapter 1). Varenicline (an a4s2 nicotinic partial agonist registered for smoking cessation) and rimonabant (a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist previously registered for obesity treatment) seem good candidates for further investigation as potential treatments of cocaine dependence, because our studies showed that both compounds increase dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in striatal brain regions of drug-naive rats as measured by storage phosphor and SPECT imaging (Part 2: Chapters 2-6). Approximately one out of every four patients with a substance use disorder has a comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Part 3: Chapter 7). This comorbidity significantly worsens treatment outcome and has a negative influence on the pharmacotherapeutic effectiveness of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD. Our study showed that this may be attributed to lower availability of striatal dopamine transporters (DATs) and decreased DAT occupancy by methylphenidate in ADHD patients.


This research adopts Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), which is commonly utilized among internationals, and through the method in accordance with the quality of mixed-use residential and commercial building, we can perceive either the situation of fire development or the evaluation on the condition of evacuation for safety. At the same time, in the computer simulation, comparisons are made with the building installed with fire-fighting equipment and its reinforced fire protection facilities, to see how it affects the way people flee for safety and the development of flame. In this article, a case - a mixed-use residential and commercial, building in Taiwan - is selected proceeding FDS that seek for mutual proof and modification.


Shifting of upland rice cultivation to marginal land faces drought stress, while planting under young plantation faces shading stress. There should be lines or varieties with good agronomic character and tolerant to the shading stress. Lines used in this experiment were obtained from anther culture, i.e., III3-4-6-1, I5-10-1-1, WI-44, GI-7, O18-b-1, IW-67, IG-19, IG-38, IW-56, B13-2-e. Two experiments were conducted, i.e., agronomic performance experiment and shading tolerance experiment with a quick test method at seedling phase. Batutegi and Way Rarem were used as check varieties in the agronomic experiment. In shading tolerance experiment, Kalimutu was used as sensitive check and Jatiluhur was tolerant check varieties. The results of experiment indicated that B13-2-e (4.64 ton ha -1 ) and WI-44 line (4.05 ton ha -1 ) dihaploid lines showed high grain yield and comparable to Way Rarem (4.95 ton ha -1 ). B13-2-e and WI-44 lines were tolerant to shading. Another tolerant lines to shading, i.e., I5-10-1-1, O18-b-1, and IW-56. B13-2-e and WI-44 lines were recommended to advanced verification on multiple cropping system.


Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….……...………… 1 Introduction………………………………..………………………………………………….…….………….. 1 Summary………………………………..……………………………………………………….……………... 2 Appendix A: Corrosion Assessment of a One-Ton Container Introduction………………………………..…………………………………………..……………...…… A1 Application of Previously Reported Data……………………………………………..………...………… A1 Velocity Effects………………………………..………………………………………………………...… A4 Case Study………………………………..……………………………………………………………...… A4 Summary………………………………..……………………………………………………………......... A5 Proposed Work………………………………..…………………………………………………………… A5 References………………………………..………………………………..………………………….…… A5 Appendix B: Structural Buckling Analysis of a One-Ton Container using a Geometrically Nonlinear Shell Analysis Code (STAGS ® ) Summary………………………………..……………………………………………………….………… B1 Introduction………………………………..………………………………………………….…………… B1 Tank Properties and Dimensions………………………………..………………………….………....…… B2 Material and Structural Response………………………………..………………………….……………... B3 Ocean Hydrostatic Pressure……………….……………………..………………………….………......… B3 Finite Element Model………………………………..…………………………...………….……………. B3 Applied Pressure………………………………..………………………………………..….……….……. B5 Linear Analysis………………………………..………………………….…………………………….…. B6 Deformations………………………………..………………………….………………………..……. B6 Bifurcation-Buckling Analysis (Eigenanalysis).………………………………..……….……………. B7 Stress Analysis………………………………..………………………….……………………………. B8 Critical Pressures and Depths.………………………………..……….…………….…………...……. B11 Nonlinear Analysis with Initial Imperfections.………………………………..………..………....………. B11 Buckling Analysis.……………………..…………..…………………………………….……………. B11 Stress Analysis.………………………………….....…………………………………….……………. B12 Critical Pressures and Depths.………………………………..……….……………….………...……. B14 Effects of Internal Pressure.………………………………..……….……………………..…...……….…. B16 Post-Yielding Response.………………………………..……….…………………….…..…...……….…. B18 Additional Potential Leakage Sources.……………………………….……………….…..…...……….…. B19 Concluding Remarks.………………………………..……….…………………….………..………….…. B19 References.………………………………..……….…………………….……...……….…....…………… B20 Appendix BA: Buckling Mode Shapes.…………………………….…………………….….….....…..…. BA1 Appendix C: Simulations of a One-Ton Container Exposed to External Pressure Using an Explicit, Transient Dynamic, Finite Element Code (LS-DYNA


Abstract : A simple solution of hydrogen peroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium molybdate, propylene carbonate and Triton(tradmark) X-100 (a non-ionic surfactant) affords the rapid, broad-spectrum decontamination of chemical warfare agents, even at low temperatures (30 C). The solution is non-corrosive, environmentallyfriendly, and leaves no toxic residues. This novel decontaminant has been appropriately named Decon Green. In situ generation of peroxy anion OOH effects perhydrolysis of nerve agents such as VX and GD to yield non-toxic products. For HD, in situ-generated peroxo species afford oxidation, initially, to the non-vesicant sulfoxide. Decon Green is superior to other common decontaminants for the decontamination of painted surfaces of military interest.


Browning and senescence were studied on fresh Red-globe grape with edible coating after harvest.The results indicated the levels of O~-_2·,MDA contents,PPO activity,POD activity,respiratory rate and relative conductance ratio treated with edible coating were significantly lower than CK.Reducing of SOD activity and phenols compound were delayed.Browning and senescence also were inhibited by edible coating treatment.And complex coating was better than single coating.Correlation analysis revealed that O~-_2·,MDA contents and relative conductance ratio were in negative correlation with SOD activity.Moreover,increase of PPO and POD activity conduced to decrease of phenols compound.


The annualair temperature and precipitation variation trends in differentseasons of Heihe River alpine catchment weresummarized based on the data of Qilian station and Yingluxia gorge station during the past 50a,the relative connectionbetween alpine streamflow and air temperature,precipitation were analyzed separately by the methods of MathCAD.The result showed that the variation of alpine streamflow and precipitation appeared to have obvious pertinence with the correlation modulus of 0.557,yet that of alpine streamflow and air temperature was not obvious with the correlation modulus of 0.445.Changes in alpine precipitation and temperature were seasonally differentin the past 50 years.Precipitation in summer and autumn appeared to decrease and that in winter tended to increase,but in spring it presented retainable.Compared to precipitation,however,annual air temperature in differentseasons presented totally an increasing tendency with a rising of 5℃ in last decade.Intergrated climate changing curve on the basis of the main factors affected climate mostly presented obvious consistency with the variation of alpine streamflow and it was proved that alpine streamflow was determined by climate change remarkably.Based on the analysis,it could be presumed that the air temperature and precipitation would increase in 10-20 years,then,the alpine streamflow would increase accordingly.


Spatial resources accessible for the derivation of biodiversity indicators of the class ecosystem structure are sparse and disparate, and their integration into computer algorithms for biodiversity monitoring remains problematic. We describe ecochange as an R‐package that integrates spatial analyses with a monitoring workflow for computing routines necessary for biodiversity monitoring. The ecochange comprises three modules for data integration, statistical analysis and graphics. The first module currently downloads and integrates diverse remote sensing products belonging to the essential biodiversity class of structure. The module for statistical analysis calculates RasterStack ecosystem‐change representations across areas of interest; this module also allows focusing on species habitats while deriving changes in a variety of indicators, including ecosystem areas, conditional entropy and fractal dimension indices. The graphics module produces level and bar plots that ease the development of indicator reports. Its functionality is described with an example workflow to calculate ecosystem‐class areas and conditional entropy across an area of interest contained in the package documentation. We conclude that ecochange features procedures necessary to derive ecosystem structure indicators integrating the retrieval of spatially explicit data with the use of workflows to calculate/visualize biodiversity indicators at the national/regional scales.


Eighty-eight and one hundred and twenty two conventional indica rice cultivars were solution-cultured in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Dry matter weight (including root system, culm and sheath, leaves, panicle), root traits, root physiological activity, yield and its components were measured. The tested rice cultivars were classified into six types (i.e. A, B, C, D, E, and F, A was the lowest, and F was the highest) based on their panicle weight level by the MinSSw method, to study their differences of root traits, root physiological activity. Difference of panicle weight of the cultivars used in this study was very large (the ratio of the maximal panicle weight to the minimum panicle weight in 2001 and 2002 were 493% and 764%, respectively), the average of panicle weight was 0.99, 1.56, 2.00, 2.54, 3.16, and 4.08 grams per panicle in 2001, and 0.82, 1.38, 1.80, 2.38, 3.04, and 4.29 grams per panicle in 2002, respectively. Root dry weight per plant, total length of adventitious roots per plant, and total root ab- sorption area per plant in large-panicle type cultivars higher than those in small-panicle type cultivars. Number of adventitious roots per panicle, root dry weight per panicle, length of adventitious roots per panicle, total root absorption area per panicle, root active absorption area per panicle, and root activity per panicle in large-panicle type cultivars were higher than those in small-panicle type cultivars. Polynomial regression analysis showed that panicle weight was significantly influenced by length of adventitious roots per panicle, root dry weight per panicle, ratio of shoot to root at heading stage, root activity per panicle, and the determinant coefficient ranged from 0.620 to 0.639. Larger panicle weight could be reached by increasing length of adventitious roots per panicle, root dry weight per panicle, ratio of shoot to root at heading stage, root activity per panicle.


Leaf-cutting ants have been reported to selectively harvest leaves of different densities as a function of ant size. I examined how foragers locate resources appropriate to ant size by collecting laden and unladen ants on trails to food baits that differed in particle mass and leaf density. Ants retrieving whole corn kernels were significantly larger in size and carried significantly heavier loads than foragers at opposing baits of finely-cracked corn, indicating that resource matching is independent of leaf cutting. Ants harvesting tough Ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum Thunberg, Oleaceae) leaves were significantly larger and carried heavier loads than ants at opposite piles of soft Rhus (Rhus toxicodendron L., Anacardiaceae) leaves. Size-related trail following occurred in field manipulations. Unladen outgoing ants on trails to whole corn kernels were significantly larger in size than ants on trails to finely-cracked corn. Unladen ants on trails to Ligustrum were significantly larger than on trails to Rh us, while unladen ants recruiting to mixed Ligustrum-Rhus leaves were intermediate in size. Mean sizes of ants and their loads decreased over a 24 h period at finely-cracked corn baits as larger bait particles were removed, suggesting ants adjusted forager size to the changing resource. Mean ant size on trails to leaf baits did not increase for Ligustrum or decrease for Rhus over a 6-day period. Whole corn burden/ant weights [(massant + massload)/massantl were significantly larger than those for finely-cracked corn, but there was little difference in Ligustrum and Rhus burden/ant weights. Whole corn burden/ant weights were several-fold larger than those for transported leaves, suggesting that some factor other than mass * Present address: Dr D. Waller, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508, USA. limits the size of leaf loads. Within-trail correlations between ants and their corn and leaf loads were generally insignificant, but the overall trend suggested a positive association between ant size and load. Key-words: Atta texana, foraging, leaf-cutting ants, leaf toughness, polymorphism


The paper presents the results of the experimental work which was focused on the use of the Impact-echo method for testing of concrete specimens damaged by high-temperature. The test specimens were heated to 600 and 800 °C for sixty, one hundred twenty and three hundred minutes. After heating, the samples were continuously cooled to room temperature and tested by Impact-echo method.


The success key of leading service providers can be looked for in their marketing. These are organizations that pay attention to their customers and rivals and attempt to provide their services with the highest quality. Those customers who receive a positive value from an organization are, accordingly, fixed and loyal customers of such organization. In present paper, the rate of market orientation by Hamrah-e-Avval is addressed in terms of clients' perspectives and its impacts on such variables as loyalty, conceived quality and social value are measured. Then the impact of such variables on company's performance is evaluated. Used methodology is library and field study and studied variables include: market-orientation, conceived service quality, social value, loyalty and performance. Research findings show that market-orientation variable impact on conceived service quality and social value and such variables highly impact on company's performance.


The present invention relates to robot technology, and is the control device and method for intelligent mobile robot capable of picking up article automatically. The control device includes an image treating unit, a double wheel differentially driven intelligent mobile robot, a manipulator with vertical and horizontal freedoms, pressure sensor and two servo motors for control, and a CCD camera over the manipulator. The control method includes the following steps: taking one frame of image; processing the image to obtain position and posture of target object, controlling the mobile robot to the position the object is in, and controlling the manipulator to pick up the target object. The present invention integrates the moving function of intelligent mobile robot and the operation function of manipulator and can operate in semi-structuring environment or non-structuring environment.


Distance learning can be considered as "self-regulated learning" as it involves students managing their own time, planning their own activities, and taking an active part in interactive communication with classmates and the teacher. The purpose of the study is to identify problems in middle school students' self-regulation of learning activities during the period of distance learning. Based on a comparative analysis of international research, the study identifies the structural components of self-regulation in distance learning including self-organization, goal setting, planning, prediction, self-control, self-assessment, and reflection. The most significant structural component is students' self-organization, which implies making a daily schedule, recording the tasks performed, controlling one's actions in accordance with the daily schedule, as well as independently allocating time for homework. The study is based on a survey of 196 middle school students in the Republic of Komi, Russia. The results of the survey allow identifying the most vulnerable areas of students' self-regulatory activity in the process of planning, organizing, and controlling their time and individual learning activities in a distance learning environment. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the data obtained to improve the process of distance learning. The materials of the study may be of use to managers, methodologists, and teachers in secondary education in developing methodological recommendations for students regarding the development of self-regulatory skills of middle school students.


The monomeric, monothio-derivatives of ethyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone, hexafluoroacetylacetone, and thenoyltrifluoroacetone have been prepared and characterized by their infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra,. The preparations wore effected by reaction of the parent compounds with hydrogen sulfide in acidified ethanol. The sulfur was found to replace the carbonyl oxygen atom adjacent to the more electron releasing group, giving rise to the following order of preferred sites of attack: CH^ > > OCH^ > CF^ The thioketones were found to exist exclusively as the thioenol tautomer at room temperature. These compounds were found to form solvent free chelates with Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(ll), Zn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II). No chelates of Al(III) and Fe(I.II) were isolated. These complexes were all characterized by their infrared and electronic spectra, and the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the diamagnetic nickel chelates were recorded. The thermal stability of these compounds was found through the use of DTA and TGA. Most of the chelates can be sublimed in a vacuum and are quite soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride. Neither the ligands nor the chelates were found to be as stable as their 3"diketone analogs. Active methylene syntheses of several alkylated p-diketones, under a variety of alkylating conditions, were effected. The following compounds were prepared and characterized by their nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra: 3-methyl-2,4-pentanedione, vii 3-hexyl-2,4-pcntanedione, 3-(5-bromopentyl)-2,4-pentanedione, 3-acetyl~2,8-nonanedione and 3-hexyl-l,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4pentanedione. The chelating characteristics of the alkylated dilcetones were surveyed, with some selectivity toward Cu(II) being found. A possible explanation of the selectivity of these ligands for the copper ion is given. Some of the chelons form products with Co(II) and Ni(IX) but only in poor yields. The ligands produce a characteristic purple color with Fe(III) but the complex is not neutral and could not be isolated. The neutral chelates are volatile and were characterized by their infrared and electronic spectra. Their thermal stability was determined by DTA and TGA. The cobalt and nickel chelates were found to exist as dihydrates. The chelates of Co(II) and Ni(II) were found to have approximately the same solubility as their diketonate analogs, but the copper chelates are far more soluble in non-polar solvents than the acetylacetonate. The copper chelate of a new tridentate ligand, 3-(5-aminopentyl)-2,4-pentanedione, was prepared and characterized by its infrared spectra. Attempts at the isolation of the ligand by acid hydrolyses of this copper chelate failed. Suggestions for some future work are made.


Citation for published version (APA): Kiel, JAKW., Rechinger, KB., Van der Klei, IJ., Salomons, FA., Titorenko, N. V., Veenhuis, M., & Titorenko, V. I. (1999). The Hansenula polymorpha PDD1 gene product, essential for the selective degradation of peroxisomes, is a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vps34p. Yeast, 15(9), 741-754. 3.3.CO;2-F" class="link">https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19990630)15:93.3.CO;2-F


In this paper, a joint posture determination algorithm of rocket contour line and cooperative measurement ring photographed by high-speed TV in the shooting range is proposed targeting at the complex test range environment with lot of smoke and backlight. This algorithm makes up for the shortcomings of traditional algorithms in some extreme cases. The method makes use of the relative relation between the target contour edge and the measuring ring edge and the cylindrical rocket body. Even if under the poor imaging, the method can still calculate out the information about the posture of the rocket. If the method is validated with the measured data, the difference values of the calculation results are as accurate as the calculation results of the traditional methods. However, this method is better in anti-interference and has a more extensive application scope, achieving the expected purpose.


A 3-day-old female infant was brought to the emergency room following an abnormal newborn screening showing markedly increased isovaleryl/2-methylbutyryl carnitine levels (C5; 23.11 μmol/L; reference interval, <0.60 μmol/L) and C5/C2, C5/C0, and C5/C3 ratios. At admission, the patient presented with bradycardia and hypothermia (95.4 °F) and was treated with intravenous fluids. Routine biochemistry testing indicated mild metabolic acidosis (total CO2, 16.6 mmol/L; reference interval, 21–29 mmol/L) and an anion gap of 23 mmol/L. Plasma ammonia was high (168 μmol/L; reference interval, <90 μmol/L) and rose further within a few hours to 445 μmol/L, requiring therapy with sodium phenylacetate/sodium benzoate (Ammonul). No unusual odor was noted from the child or the child's urine. Follow-up plasma acylcarnitine analysis by tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the increased C5 (10.98 μmol/L; reference interval, <0.30 μmol/L). Moreover, to identify the specific defect, a urine sample was sent for organic acid analysis by GC-MS and for acylglycine analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results of the urine organic acid analysis are shown in Fig. …


Abstract: The education of children, particularly in scientific inquiry, is a powerful force that has shaped humanity's history and holds the key to our future. Given their power to provoke wonder and awe in child and adult alike, microscopes have proven to be transformative as tools for education. Exploratory learning using microscopes has helped to overcome critical barriers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education and to broaden participation in these vital fields. Since its inception, the Microscopy Society of America (MSA) has recognized this and made education and outreach to children a priority. Here, we provide a brief review of MSA's efforts in this direction, focusing on current efforts aimed at improving STEM education through the greater adoption and utilization of microscopes.


Continuous-and discrete-time switching audio power amplifiers are studied both with and without feedback. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) and sigma–delta modulation (SDM) amplifier configurations are simulated and their interrelationship is described using linear phase modulation (LPM) and linear frequency modulation (LFM). Distortion generation encountered when applying negative feedback to PWM is demonstrated and strategies to improve linearity are presented. Recent innovations in SDM coding and output-stage topologies using pulse-shaping techniques are reviewed with emphasis on stable, low-distortion operation, especially under high-level signal excitation. A simplified low-latency variant of predictive SDM with step back is introduced, which together with dynamic compression of the state variables extends stable operation to a modulation depth of unity, thus allowing SDM to compete with PWM power amplifiers in terms of peak signal capability. There is a growing awareness of the role of high-efficiency topologies in power amplifier applications and especially the strategic significance in their application to a wide range of audio products [1], [2]. This is already evident in the digital theater market, where smaller size yet high performance products continue to emerge. There is also the opportunity to lower overall power dissipation, which when mapped into volume production is a most critical issue in terms of environmental factors. Key advantages stem from reduced size and heat loss. However, there are also more fundamental philosophical reasons for adopting class-D switching in the amplification process. (Hereafter switching amplifier infers " class-D " switching amplifier.) Switching amplifiers configured specifically for use with digital signals take on the mantle of a power digital-to-analog converter. As such there is reduced ana-log processing as the digital signals are, in a figurative sense, brought into closer proximity with the loudspeaker. Consequently there is opportunity to maintain better signal integrity and to achieve a more transparent overall performance , commensurate with appropriate design and physical implementation. The reduction in analog-related arti-facts such as dynamic modulation of the closed-loop transfer function through device nonlinearity, including active device transconductance and internal capacitance modulation, implies less amplifier-dependent signal color-ation and should lead to a more neutral and consistent sound quality. However, switching output stages offer potentially better control of a loudspeaker, as the source impedance of the amplifier remains low and almost resis-tive even under overload. This is contrary to most analog amplifiers, which are highly dependent on negative feedback to lower distortion and output impedance. The output impedance of a switching amplifier is determined principally …


Experiment is a research method appropriate to examine causal relationships, also in relation to the current problems of science, including sustainable development. Conducting experiments can take place in laboratory conditions, but also in natural environments. The main objective of an experiment is always to test what the researcher actually wants and to obtain results that can be generalised to the entire population. In other words, planning experiments requires considering many aspects related to their internal and external validity. The key aspect that needs to be considered in conducting experiments is proper problem defining, as well as the concepts of causality, manipulation or null and alternative hypotheses. It is also worth bearing in mind that in social sciences, when engaging participants in research, caution must be exercised. Depending on whether each participant of the experiment is exposed to all conditions or different people test different ones, the classification of experiments is distinguished into within-subjects and between- subjects design. In this chapter, the most commonly used experimental designs in this division are presented. However, the experimental method offers more complex schemes such as randomised block design or Latin square design. Finally, the obtained findings should be properly presented—in the form of a report following APA standards.


A system and method for many-to-many failover and load balancing establishes a plurality of service groups for providing desired computing services. Each service group comprises a plurality of hosts, and each host within the service group is available to perform the computing services for which that group as a whole is responsible. Each host may belong to a plurality of service groups. Each operational host within a service group transmits periodic messages to each other host within the service group advising of the status of the transmitting host. A leader host evaluates the periodic messages and, where appropriate, dynamicall reassigns responsibility for particular computing services to a host within the group. The reassignment can be due either to failover or load balancing.


Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of phytobiotics and organic acids on growth performance of nursery pigs as an alternative to antibiotics. Phytobiotics refer bioactive compounds from plant materials including essential oils and herbal extracts. In Exp. 1, 144 pigs, weaned at 23.4±0.3 d age, were allotted to three dietary treatments. Treatment diets were: 1) NC (no antibiotics and no phytobiotics); 2) PC (NC+carbadox, 50 mg/kg); and 3) PB (NC+phytobiotics; 0.1% PEP1000-1®). Each treatment had six replicates with eight pigs per pen. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 5 wks in 3 phases (phase 1 for 2 wk; phase 2 for 2 wk; phase 3 for 1 wk). In Exp. 2, 192 pigs, weaned at 19.2±0.3 d age, were allotted to three dietary treatments: 1) NC; 2) PC; and 3) PBO (NC+phytobiotics; 0.2% or 0.1% PEP1000-1® and organic acids; 0.4% or 0.2% Biotronic® for the phase 1 and 2. respectively) with eight replicates per treatment and eight pigs per pen. Pigs were fed the assigned diets for 5 wks in 2 phases (phase 1 for 2 wk; phase 2 for 3 wk). Body weights were measured at the beginning of the experiment and at the end of each week in both Exp. 1 and 2. Feed intake was measured at the end of each week in both Exp. 1 and 2. Diarrhea score was measured daily during the entire period for Exp. 1 and during the phase 1 for Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, the PC had a higher (p 0.05) from the NC or the PC. In Exp. 2, the overall ADG did not differ (p>0.05) among all the treatments during the entire experimental period. The overall ADFI and the overall gain:feed ratio did not differ (p>0.05) among all the treatments during the entire experimental period in both Exp. 1 and 2. The PC had a higher (p 0.05) from the NC or the PC in Exp. 1 and 2. Results from this study show that the growth of pigs fed the diets with phytobiotics or the combination of phytobiotics and organic acids did not differ from those both with antibiotics and without antibiotics when tested in an environmentally controlled research facility. Further experiments are required to study the growth performance in disease challenged conditions.


Abstract. Bilingualism has been associated with better cognitive control as compared to monolingualism. However, the robustness of the respective findings is subject to a recent debate, and moderators should be taken into consideration. We reasoned that groups immersed in their second language should show a greater bilingual advantage in cognitive control as compared to non-immersed participants. Further, stimulus language (first or second language), word similarity in the two languages (similar or dissimilar), as well as congruency between ink and word were varied. Forty-five participants from three different language groups (Romance, Slavic, and German) conducted a Stroop task while EEG was recorded. Higher cognitive control demand was operationalized as (1) longer reaction times, (2) higher error rates, (3) stronger N400, (4) increased Late Positive Complex (LPC), and (5) stronger Frontal Midline Theta activity. The classical Stroop interference effect was replicated for all dependent variables. Contrary to expectation, participants immersed in their second language did not exhibit any inhibition advantage in the Stroop task. Moreover, higher script similarity between first and second languages led to faster response times in general. Results are discussed in light of the current debate on the existence of a bilingual advantage in cognitive control.


Evidence shows that asset price bubbles typically precede financial crises and financial crises are accompanied by the collapse of bubbles. In addition, stock market booms and busts are typically associated with credit market booms and busts. The recent US housing and stock markets bubbles and the subsequent Great Recession that began in late 2007 provide an example. The stock market booms in the early 1990s and the subsequent Asian financial crisis in 1997 provide ...


Obesity is a risk factor for osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis. Weight loss can cause declines in bone mineral density (BMD), this is not consistently observed at the lumbar spine (LS). It is hypothesized that this inconsistency may be due vertebral structural abnormalities, and so, excluding these defects along with examining the LS trabecular bone score (TBS) may be a more sensitive indicator of bone changes due to weight loss and aging. Retrospective analysis of BMD and TBS in 131 older overweight/obese women and men (body mass index, BMI, 32.72 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 and 60 ± 6 years) who participated in previous weight loss studies. To control for abnormalities in the lumbar spine image, we assessed dual energy x-ray absorptiometry LS images for vertebral body exclusion (VE) criteria. At study completion participants were divided into those who had a weight loss of less than or greater than 5%. Mean LS-BMD value was lower after correction for abnormalities (p<0.05). In only the corrected LS-BMD there was a decrease that trended towards being greater due to weight loss. TBS was partially degraded in ~50% of these older individuals. Repeated measures ANOVA (group by time) indicated no significant TBS interaction with weight loss and time. The vertebral abnormalities differentially effected LS BMD during weight loss and aging and because of this, all LS BMD images should be analyzed for vertebral abnormalities.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse immigrant-native wage differentials in Spain. Design/methodology/approach - The paper exploits the Findings - The paper finds that, in absolute terms, the latter component grows across the wage distribution, reflecting the existence of a kind of glass ceiling, consistent with the evidence of over-education found in previous research. Originality/value - The paper for the first time explores earnings differentials between immigrant and Spanish workers using a nationally representative database. In addition, standard errors are computed in order to determine if the gaps are statistically significant, a task not addressed by previous works. Finally, the work is relevant as Spain has become a host country only a few years ago.


The transportable Quantum Gravimeter QG-1 will perform absolute measurements of local gravitational acceleration with an unrivalled uncertainty below 3 nm/s² by utilising collimated Bose-Einstein-Condensates for atom interferometry in a compact setup. To permit this performance, leading order error sources of today’s cold atom gravimeters, predominantly stemming from the horizontal velocity of the interrogated atoms, will be minimised by this novel approach.
This contribution elaborates on the design and implementation of the interferometry setup into the atom chip based experimental system. We discuss their impact on the targeted uncertainty of 3 nm/s² and present recent developments for further miniaturisation and further reduction of next-generation instrument's complexities.

We acknowledge financial support from "Niedersächsisches Vorab" through "Förderung von Wissenschaft und Technik in Forschung und Lehre" for the initial funding of research in the new DLR-SI Institute and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the project A01 of the SFB 1128 geo-Q and under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2123 QuantumFrontiers, Project-ID 390837967.


We analyze the influence of unconventional superconductivity on the magnetic excitations in the heavy fermion compound UPd$_2$Al$_3$. We show that it leads to the formation of a bound state at energies well below 2$\Delta_0$ at the antiferromagnetic wave vector {\textbf Q}=$(0,0,\pi/c)$. Its signature is a resonance peak in the spectrum of magnetic excitations in good agreement with results from inelastic neutron scattering. Furthermore we investigate the influence of antiferromagnetic order on the formation of the resonance peak. We find that its intensity is enhanced due to intraband transitions induced by the reconstruction of Fermi surface sheets. We determine the dispersion of the resonance peak near {\textbf Q} and show that it is dominated by the magnetic exciton dispersion associated with local moments. We demonstrate by a microscopic calculation that UPd$_2$Al$_3$ is another example in which the unconventional nature of the superconducting order parameter can be probed by means of inelastic neutron scattering and determined unambiguously.


The state of the art in artificial intelligence (AI) and expert system (ES) technology has matured to a degree that the potential development of a computer-aided/automated diagnostic and transient mitigation system in the area of nuclear reactor operation can be considered. Since traditional methods cannot handle complex systems efficiently, AI techniques provide a means to emulate an expert reactor operator rather than follow mechanistic methods. Computer-aided transient analysis coded in LISP (CATA-Lisp) is a confidence level based expert system written in Common LISP on the SYMBOLICS 3640 computer system. New versions are being developed in Common LISP for the Texas Instruments (TI) Explorer and the Sun microsystems machines, CATALisp manipulates both a knowledge base of transient identifier patterns (tree structured to allow for zooming in diagnostics) and a knowledge base containing a qualitative model of a nuclear power plant. The interference engine used by CATALisp uses the information stored in both knowledge bases to arrive at confidence level values that are used to infer particular plant states.


In order to determine feasibility of SF/sub 6/ gas insulated equipment for HVDC substation technology, a testpole was built and subjected to a long term test of 2 years. The test pole consisted of slightly modified commercially available 550 kV AC and 800 kV AC gas insulated components. The components were SF/sub 6/-air bushings, an air insulated arrester, a SF/sub 6/ insulated arrester, a SF/sub 6/ oil bushing, disconnecters, bus ducts and conical spacers. Testing involved continuous DC stress (500 kV and 600 kV) lightning and switching impulse tests, polarity reversal tests and ultrasonic partial discharge measurements. Thermal cycling was performed during de load and went uninterrupted for more than 1 year. No internal breakdowns occurred during any tests. Visual inspection of the spacers at various times during tests and final disassembly revealed no visible flashover traces. The testing has demonstrated that the gas insulated technology is well suited for commercial HVDC applications.


Directional derivatives are the ideal tool to model simultaneous shifts of the instruments of economic policy. Provided the equilibrium solution of an oligolistic model are differentiable with respect to the parameter, such a problem can be easily solved considering shift in single instruments, i. e. partial derivatives, and then multiplying these derivatives by a vector rapresenting the direction of the simultaneous shifts. However even differentiability of the objective functions may not be enough to guarantee differentiability of the equilibrium. Byformulating an oligopolistic model with transportation costs by variational inequalities, we solve this problem even for non differentiable equilibrium solution.


Biodegradable hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials with a diverse range of applications. In some cases, a rapid hydrogel degradation rate is advantageous. Polycarbonate hydrogels based on dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a natural metabolite, have been reported to undergo surprisingly fast hydrolytic degradation. In the present work, insight into the key features of DHA that contribute to the observed degradation rates is gained. In vitro degradation (mass loss) of three different chemically cross-linked polycarbonate hydrogels is investigated to shed light on the role of the ketone functional group, as well as the carbon-chain length between the ketone and carbonate bonds. The ketone is found to be the major cause of rapid degradation. Also, mass loss is accelerated by increased temperature and pH, offering insight into potential tuning parameters and storage conditions. The results show that DHA is a promising monomeric unit for the design of rapidly degrading, biocompatible, and functional biomaterials.


Background: Natural bioactive compounds have a long history to use effectively in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Amaranthus tristis Linn (Amaranthaceae) have been used for the treatment of various ailments. Objective: The present work was undertaken to study the effect of an isolated bioactive compound from the leaf of Amaranthus tristis Linn on glucose uptake in cell lines like 3T3-L1 cell lines and inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes. Materials and Methods: The Ethanolic leaf extract of Amaranthus tristis Linn subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and isolated compound were tested for its cytotoxicity study by MTT assay. Isolated compound was selected further glucose uptake assay based on cytotoxicity concentration CTC50 value. NMR technique was used to identify the structure of the compound. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides. The Isolated compound showed moderate cytotoxic activity to 3T3-L1 cell line. Compounds identified as rutin In in-vitro glucose uptake assay of rutin showed an increase in glucose uptake. Conclusion: A. tristis Linn. showed significant antidiabetic activity in dose-dependent manner. Abbreviations Used: MTT: 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, FBS: Fetal Bovine serum, PBS buffer: Phosphate Buffered Saline, DMEM: Modified Eagle's Medium, EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, IBMX: 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, TLC: Thin-layer chromatography, FTIR: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 13CNMR: nuclear magnetic resonance, 1H NMR: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, GC-MS: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, DNSA: Dinitro salicylic acid.


This is a comparative study of different types of marriage in Japan for the period from the 1970s to 1990.


The spectrum performance of three cavity narrow band pass filter(NBPF) is calculated by TFCalc thin film software.The monitor accuracy of domestic multilayer coater with upper reflectance setup is analysed.The filter is monitored by half reference wavelength with pre-coating.The experiment results matched the previous theoretical calculation.


"Ma vie en bref".- "Indeterminism or Instability, Does It Matter?".- "Covariance and the Non-Preference of Coordinate Systems".- "Kant's 'Platonic' Argument in Behalf of the A Priori Character of the Representation of Space".- "The Sense of the A Priori Method in Leibniz's Dynamics".- "Methode axiomatique et idee de systeme dans l'oeuvre de Jules Vuillemin".- "Algebra, Constructibility, and the Indeterminate".- "On Whether an Answer to a Why-Question Is an Explanation If and Only If It Yields Scientific Understanding".- "Some Revisionary Proposals About Belief and Believing".- "Quantification, Modality, and Semantic Ascent".- "Temporal Necessity, Time and Ability: a philosophical commentary on Diodorus Cronus' Master Argument as given in the interpretation of Jules Vuillemin".- "Replies".- List of the Publications of Jules Vuillemin, 1947-1989.


In an apparatus and a method for suppressing a predetermined transmission in a current television or radio program, a television or radio program is first received and then fed to an intermediate memory, wherein in response to a control signal that identifies the predetermined program, only the received television or broadcast program is temporarily stored without the predetermined broadcast. The latched television or radio program that does not have the predetermined program is finally fed to a television or a radio device. The reading of the intermediate memory is delayed for describing the buffer instead, such that the latched television or radio program is provided for reproducing, during a later portion of the received television or radio program is temporarily stored, and while in response to the control signal, the predetermined program is suppressed , Thus, it is possible to consider, for example, a television program without advertisements and without interruptions caused by commercials.


The improvement of subthreshold slope due to impact ionization is compared between "standard" inversion-mode multigate silicon nanowire transistors and junctionless transistors. The length of the region over which impact ionization takes place, as well as the amplitude of the impact ionization rate are found to be larger in the junctionless devices, which reduces the drain voltage necessary to obtain a sharp subthreshold slope.


The present utility model provides a power distribution network automation system line fault automatic isolation device. The power distribution network automation system line fault automatic isolation device comprises a fault section positioning device for positioning a feed line fault section; an accident trip-out breaker positioning device for positioning an accident trip-out breaker; and a processor device for judging whether the accident trip-out breaker should be recovered to the closing position or not according to the relation between the accident trip-out breaker and the feed line fault section after the fault section is isolated. The device can be used for timely and accurately positioning and isolating fault points and enabling non fault sections to automatically recover power supply after a power distribution network accident occurs. For example, if a computer system is adopted to realize the above fault section positioning device and the processor device, and the feed line automation function of the processor device, only several seconds are needed to realize fault section searching and isolating and non fault section automatic recovery.


Abstract Serrulina (Pamphylica) n. subgen (type species: multidentifera Neubert), Cristataria intersita n. sp. and Euxina recedens n. sp. are proposed as taxa new to the Turkish Clausiliidae fauna. Based on anatomical structures, the systematic position of the previously little-known Chavchetia difficilis Retowski and Kazancia lindholmi Lindholm (formerly assigned to Strumosa and Strigileuxina, respectively) are re-assessed.


In this paper, Levenberg-Marquard algorithm was used to simulate thermal performance of aligned carbon nanotubes-filled rubber composite, and the effect of temperature, filling amount, MWNTs orientation and other factors on thermal performance were studied. The research results showed: MWNTs orientation can greatly improve the thermal conductivity of composite materials, the thermal performance improvement of overall orientation was higher than the local orientation. Volume fraction can affect thermal performance, thermal conductivity increased with the increase of volume fraction. Temperature had no significant effect on the thermal conductivity. The simulation results correlated well with experimental results, which showed that the simulation algorithm is effective and feasible.


This article focuses on understanding the cognition of pedagogical university lecturers on the role of educational research capacity in training activities and their careers. The research was conducted on 294 lecturers, (aged 25-45 years old) in the pedagogical unit of Hung Vuong University and Thai Nguyen Pedagogy University. The main method used in this study was the questionnaire survey and the in-depth interview method to find out the lecturers' perceptions about the role of the academic research capacity of the university lecturers in the training and professional activities and encourage them to self-assess the level of their scientific research capacity through the manifestations of scientific research capacity at the following levels: weak, poor, average, pretty, good. 76% of the lecturers in the research sample is aware that the scientific research capacity in education plays a very important role in teaching activities and in their own career promotion. However, the research results show that the lecturers' educational research capacity is different, according to self-assessment results, 74% of the lecturers in the research sample self-assess their educational research capacity at average level. Basing on results collected from the survey, interviews with lecturers, managers of faculty and division, we found that the following factors: training and fostering (= 3.90), lecturers themselves (X=3.86), time allocation to teaching and researching (= 3.84) had the greatest influence on the capacity for scientific research in education of pedagogic lecturers.


Objective:To explore the change of Th17 in the Chinese Graves' disease(GD) patients.Methods:The serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxin(FT4),thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) were measured with commercial electrochemiluminescence kits.30 new onset GD patients and 30 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) were isolated and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibody for 24h,the levels of IL-17 in the culture media were determined by ELISA kit,the proportion of CD4+IL-17+ T cells(Th17) was assessed by flow cytometry.Total RNA were extracted from stimulated PBMC.The expression of ROR-γt,IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR.IL-17+ cells in thyroid gland were observed by immunohistochemistry.Results:A significantly advanced proportion of Th17 cells was observed in GD patients [(20.59±4.63)% vs(11.77±4.18)%,P0.01].When compared with healthy controls,the levels of IL-17 in cultured PBMC media,ROR-γt mRNA expression of PBMC were significantly increased in GD patients(P0.01,P0.05).While the expression of IFN-γ mRNA(0.31±0.07 vs 0.70±0.20,P0.01) and IL-4 mRNA(2.53±0.70 vs 7.11±1.41,P0.01)were decreased.The proportion of Th17 cells correlated positively with the expression of ROR-γt mRNA(r=0.5047,P=0.01),but correlated negatively with the expression of IFN-γ mRNA(r=-0.5085,P0.01) and IL-4 mRNA(r=-0.5372,P0.01).Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that IL-17+ cells appeared in thyroid gland from GD patients not in healthy controls.Conclusion:The proportion of circulating Th17 cells,the production of IL-17,expression of ROR-γt mRNA in PBMC were significantly higher in the GD patients,and IL-17+ cells appeared in thyroid gland from GD patients.These results indicate that Th17 cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease in Chinese.


One of heavy metal pollutants in the soil that can be absorbed by the sorghum is chromium (Cr). The study was conducted to determine the growth response of Cr 3+ stress of sorghum cultivars. Two chemical compounds Cr 3+ and 3 level concentrations were exposed to sorghum cultivars. The research was conducted in two separate experiments i.e. during seed germination and early seedling development stages. The parameters measured were radicle/root length, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, and stress tolerance index (STI) value. The results showed that Cr 3+ either in form of CrCl 3 or KCr(SO 4 ) 2 significantly reduced the seedling growth of sorghum cultivars. The growth responses of sorghum cultivars toward Cr 3+ stress showed differences both on stage of the germination and early seedling. Based on the average of STI value, four sorghum cultivars (Badik, Keris, Keris M3 and Numbu) were classified as very strong tolerant, 4 cultivars (Hegari, Mandau, Sangkur and Gambela) were categorized as moderate tolerant, two cultivars (UPCA and Selayer) were weak tolerant, and 2 cultivars (Kawali and Batari) were sensitive ones, under stress condition of Cr 3+ .The results of this study are expected to provide the scientific basis of the physiological and tolerance responses of sorghum cultivars toward Cr 3+ stress condition.


The primary aim of this article is to give a theoretical and empirical background for clinical interventions in family-oriented treatment for substance use disorders. The article refers to an ongoing research project, which is based on the concepts of mentalization and parental reflective functioning. Theory of mentalization and attachment theory is explored as explanatory tools of both addictive problem and risk/resilience factors in offspring. Mentalization is defined as the competence to envision mental states in self and others and to understand behaviour in terms of mental states. Substance use is discussed as clinical expressions of impaired mentalizing skills and disorders of state- and affect regulation. Parental reflective function particularly refers to parents' competences to interpret the mind of their own infant or child. Parental reflective functioning, as 'minding the baby', promotes sensitive care, which again serves to protect the infant and the immature brain from potentially dangerous s...


Background: Pediculosis is still recognized as a worldwide infestation and is a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive determinants predictors of pediculosis Preventive Behaviors (PPB) based on the Health Belief Model (HBM).
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 193 girls' high school students in the west of Iran, during 2019 that were selected by random sampling method. Participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire including the Background variables, PPB questionnaire, and HBM determinants. Data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software using Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis.
Results: The mean age of students was 12.72 years [SD: 0.60], ranged from 12 to 14 years. The mean score of PPB was 7.72 [SD: 2.23], ranged from 0 to 10. HBM determinants were accounted for 20% of the variation in PPB. The best predictors for PPB were perceived susceptibility (Beta: 0.303, P<0.001), perceived barriers (Beta: -0.217, P=0.004) and perceived self-efficacy (Beta: 0.158, P=0.040), respectively.
Conclusion: It seems that the development and implementation of health promotion programs to increase susceptibility toward the risk of pediculosis, improve self-efficacy toward performing PPB, and reduce the barriers of students in adopting PPB may be usefulness results in order to prevent pediculosis.


Nontrivial examples of Teichm\"uller curves have been studied systematically with notions of combinatorics invariant under affine homeomorphisms. An origami (square-tiled surface) induces a Teichm\"uller curve for which the absolute Galois group acts on the embedded curve in the moduli space. In this paper, we study general origamis not admitting pure half-translation structure. Such a flat surface is given by a cut-and-paste construction from origami that is a translation surface. We present an algorithm for the simultaneous calculation of the Veech groups of origamis of given degree. We have calculated the equivalence classes, the $PSL(2,\mathbb{Z})$-orbits, and some Galois invariants for all the patterns of origamis of degree $d\leq 7$.


We find a family of holographic = 1 supersymmetric RG flows on M2 branes. These flows are driven by two mass parameters from the maximally ( = 8) supersymmetric theory and the infra-red theory is controlled by two fixed points, one with G2 symmetry and the other with SU(3) × U(1) symmetry and = 2 supersymmetry. The generic flow, with unequal mass parameters, is = 1 supersymmetric but goes to the SU(3) × U(1) symmetric, = 2 supersymmetric fixed point, where the masses are equal. The only flow that goes to the G2 symmetric point occurs when one of the mass parameters is set to zero. There is an = 1 supersymmetric flow from the G2 symmetric point to the SU(3) × U(1) symmetric point and supergravity gives a prediction of ±1/61/2 for the anomalous dimensions of the operators that drive this flow. We examine these flows from the field theory perspective but find that one is limited to qualitative results since = 1 supersymmetry in three dimensions is insufficient to protect the form and dimensions of the operators involved in the flow.


Discusses the differences between the two advanced transaction models,that are Business Activity and Cohesion,from the following aspects: the coupled degrees of business logic and transaction protocol,the extending ability of the protocol,supporting compensation mechanism or not,supporting time limit or not,supporting heuristic reporting mechanism or not.The conclusion is: Adopting Business Activity model's structure and compensation mechanism,adding some good details of Cohesion model,such as detailed descriptions of time limit and heuristic reporting,which will come to a transaction model that is more suitable to the real world nowadays.


Objective To explore the expression profile of miRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) of severe hepatitis B(SHB) patients.Methods The RNA-DNA probe liquid chip(flexible multiple analyte profiling,xMap) technique was used to detect the expression levels of miR-191,-223,-222,-145,-21,-31,-126,-20a and-372 in the PBMC taken from 40 cases of chronic hepatitis B patients(CHB),30 cases of SHB patients and 40 cases of normal health controls(NC).Results No statistical difference of expression levels of miR-191,-222,-145,-31 and-372 in PBMC were shown among the three groups(P0.05),but the expression levels of miR-21,miR-126 and miR-223 showed statistically significant differences among the three groups(F=64.607,P0.05;F=86.412,P0.05 and F=54.648,P0.05).The lowest expression level existed in SHB group,i.e.,(1.417±0.580) for miR-21,(2.801±0.631) for miR-126 and(6.658±0.545) for miR-223.There was statistically significant difference for expression of miR-20a among the three groups(F=69.163,P0.05),and the highest expression(0.586±0.065) existed in SHB group.Conclusion The downregulation of expression of miR-21,-126,-223 and the upregulation of miR-20a expression may associate with SHB which provide a new clue for the early diagnosis and monitoring of SHB.


This article reports on the use of a RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework hybrid adaptation as a methodological approach to the evaluation of the implementation of a Hospital Transfer Pathway (HTP) product ('Red Bag'). Data analysis was guided by original principles of the RE-AIM framework, which is a recognised tool for understanding impact of an intervention in establishing a newly adapted hybrid model of implementation. Outcomes of the study were used to reflexively inform future working relationships between multi-agency partners in care.


The invention discloses a pediococcus pentosaceus strain, ferment produced thereby and the use of ferment in meat product, wherein the docket number of the R9(Pediiococcus Pentosaceus I9) strain in the Chinese Microbiological Culture Preservation Administration Commission Common Microbiological Center is CGMCC No.0918. The leaven prepared from the bacterial can be applied into the fermentation production of meat food.


This paper informs policymakers about ways the Internet impacts the economies, and about the levels and areas of impact. It is designed to structure and to assess the economic impacts areas of the Internet at the individualfirm-, and government-levels, as well as at the aggregate, macroeconomic level. LinkToContentAt: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k962hhgpb5d-en Knowledge Type: Thematic report [1] Other Tag: labour market [2] information and communications technology access [3] social capital [4] productivity [5] internet access [6] digital economy [7] jobs [8] growth accounting [9] adoption [10] general purpose technologies [11]


In this paper we will outline the requirements for a software platform supporting embodied conversational agents. These requirements encompass computational concerns as well as presentation facilities, providing a suitably rich environment for applications deploying conversational agents. We will then propose a platform based on the distributed logic programming language DLP and X3D, the extensible Web3D format. Three case studies will be described, illustrating the potential of the DLP+X3D platform: a multiuser game with autonomous players, avatars commenting on rich media presentations, and a gesture scripting language for humanoids based on dynamic logic. In conclusion, we will discuss related work and review the evaluation criteria that pertain to the deployment of embodied conversational agents in rich media 3D environments.


The electronic structures of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic ScFe 2 are calculated self-consistently using the KKR method in the framework of the local-spin-density approximation for the exchange-correlation potential. The general electronic structures are similar for both of the atom Fe(2 a ) at the 2 a sites and the atom Fe(6 h ) at the 6 h sites. However the difference is seen near the Fermi level in the densities-of-state of d bands between Fe(2 a ) and Fe(6 h ). This difference induces a small difference in the magnetic moments between the two Fe; the values are 1.40 µ B /Fe(2 a ) and 1.46 µ B /Fe(6 h ). The atom Sc also carries a magnetic moment of 0.27 µ B /Sc with the direction opposit to the moment of Fe.


An algorithm for optimal heat input control in arc welding has been discussed in this paper.An optimization problem of the temperature field during welding has been proposed and tackled in order to estimate an optimal sequence of heat inputs. In the expression of the problem, the analytical solution of heat flow equation is used for the estimation of temperature field, and the objective function is defined as the difference between calculated and required temperatures.The following two typical optimization problems have been investigated. The objective in the first problem is to make the temperatures at some given times and points coincide with the required temperatures, and the objective in the second problem is to make the maximum temperatures at given points coincide with the required ones.As the result of this work, it is made clear that the convex programming is a powerful means of solving the first problem and the steepest descent method is useful for the second problem.


Objective: To explore the correlations between atherosclerosis and cardiac diastolic dysfunction in the elderly.Methods: 136 elderly patients diagnosed with cardiac diastolic dysfunction were divided into severity ratings.To compare and analyze the relationship between fundus arteriosclerosis lesion and cardiac diastolic dysfunction.Results: A total of 87 patients suffered from different degrees of fundus arteriosclerosis lesion in 136 diastolic heart failure patients.Among the three groups,comparing the diastolic ventricular dysfunction classification and the rate of retinal arteriosclerosis,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.01);and when comparing the diastolic ventricular dysfunction grading and the degree of fundus arteriosclerosis,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion: Cardiac diastolic dysfunction was closely related with atherosclerosis in elderly patients.


Abstract Joints are the key factors that determine the construction difficulty and structural safety of prefabricated steel structures. However, the existing prefabricated joints of square steel tube and H-shaped steel beam frame have few reference forms, and there are still a series of problems in practical engineering applications, such as construction difficulties and poor applicability. Therefore, a new type of column-column-beam joint with variable beam height and its construction scheme are designed in this paper. The joint is bolted rather than welded in the process of field prefabricated. It can solve the problem of vertical and horizontal connection of steel frame structure through one joint at the same time, thus effectively saving construction cost and ensuring construction quality. In addition, the detailed modeling and comprehensive mechanical properties analysis of the joint scheme are carried out in this paper. The ultimate bearing capacity, stiffness characteristics, failure modes and hysteretic behavior of joint schemes under low cyclic loading are also evaluated.


This study aims to example and analyze the effect of motivation, career development and discipline to work on the performance of employees of Balai Besar Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri (BBTPPI). The best data used in this study include the product moment test validity, realiability testing with Cronbach Alpha multiple linear regression analysis, t test to test and prove the research hypothesis.Data collected was tested for validity by the methods of analysis and tested reliabilitas with product moment coefficient alpha (Cronbach Alpha), where the results of all data is valid and reliable. The results of the analysis and discussion demonstrate that: (1). Motivation and significant positive effect on employee performance, the stronger the influence of the motivation, then the performance employee's are also increasing; (2). Career development positive and significant effect on the performance of employees, the stronger the influence of the working career development, then the performance employee's are also increasing; (3). Discipline positive and significant effect on the performance of employees, the stronger the influence of the working discipline, then the performance employee's in the company are also increasing.

Keywords :Motivation, Career Development, Discipline, Employee performance


The efficacy of stroke thrombectomy is largely determined by patient selection. If clinical trial criteria are used, a strikingly low number-needed-to-treat (NNT) of 2.6 can be achieved as published by the HERMES meta-analysis in 2015.1 In routine clinical practice, however, most physicians would accept a higher NNT if that means more patients benefit and hence, trend toward more liberal patient selection criteria. But just how liberal should we be?

Futile recanalization occurs when the thrombectomy is a technical success but there is no meaningful improvement in disability. This occurs at a higher rate if patient selection criteria are too liberal. Futile recanalization is more common than we think. Van Horn et al evaluated 123 consecutive patients at a single German center from 2015 to 2019 who had complete TICI 3 reperfusion and still found 54.5% to have poor clinical outcomes at 90 days.2

Anyone who has been in practice for some time knows that thrombectomy patient selection is nuanced and gets particularly challenging with older patients where futile recanalization is the rule, not the exception. A patient's age invariably figures prominently in the decision process. However, age, perhaps similar to how elapsed time is used, is actually a low-value variable. Much like how collateral grade can recalibrate elapsed time thresholds, many difficult to define comorbidities and cognitive changes can similarly recalibrate preconceived age thresholds (>80 years or >90 years). Understanding that futile recanalization in the elderly is a common, complicated, and a costly issue …


In article authors pay attention to the features of physical training in China and Japan connected with national traditions mentality, structure of education in general. In Japan there are the European beginning and a religious and philosophical context at sports. In China there is an intensive development of different types of sport, with involvement of world-class specialists. Keywords: physical training, physical culture, China, Japan, health, sport, teacher, school, university, profession.


As the most critical component of a deep manned submersible, the manned pressure hull provides a safe living space for pilots and scientists under the deep sea pressure and its weight occupies almost 1/3 total weight of the manned submersible. So the pressure hull should be designed to have enough strength and should be as light as possible. However, a comparison of the current available design rules from various classification societies indicated significantly different results among these design rules and many existing spherical pressure hulls are found to be not in compliance with most of current design rules. This indicates that current design rules need to be updated and unified like Common Structural Rules for tankers and bulk carriers. In order to update the design rules, a systematic study is carried out. Then a new design and test standard based on this study is proposed to China Classification Society (CCS) for the consideration of updating their rules. The purpose of this paper is to briefly summarize the results of this research.


Abstract The research dataset "Microdatabase Direct Investment" is a dataset on foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks based on the official German FDI microdata. The original data are collected on an annual basis by the Deutsche Bundesbank to compile the FDI stock statistics for Germany. Making this official data available to researchers via the MiDi database provides a research dataset on direct investment relationships that is unique both in terms of data available and in the depth of cross-border shareholdings, covering all years since 1999. In this paper, we explain the central properties of this dataset and demonstrate its usefulness for research.


Abstract The fat soluble vitamins, as well as n3 and n6 fatty acids (FA) are essential compounds of fish lipids and exclusively provided by the diet. Fish is sometimes eaten raw, but it is usually thermal processed before consumption. Temperature processing of fish tissue enhances its taste, inactivates pathogenic microorganisms and increases its shelf life. The fat soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D3 and E) and fatty acids are considered to be susceptible to oxidation during heating (cooking) process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of steaming (10 min at 90°C) and frying (5 min on the each side with sunflower oil) on fat soluble vitamins and fatty acids composition in Horse mackerel (Trahurus mediterraneus) fish fillets. Vitamins A, D3 and E were analyzed simultaneously using RP-HPLC. The fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC-MS. The amounts of vitamin A (retinol) in cooked fish fillets (for both heat treatments) decreased significantly, compared to their content in the raw samples. In contrast vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) content affects only by steaming, while changes on vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) was observed solely after frying process. The highest content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were observed after steaming, whereas fried samples presented higher values of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) due to significant increase in linoleic acid (C18:2n6). During steaming did not reduce significant n3 and n6 PUFA levels, while frying caused a large reduction of n3 PUFAs. The ratio of n3/n6 was markedly lower in fried samples than in raw and steamed mackerel. In conclusion the Black Sea Horse Mackerel is a good source of vitamin D3, vitamin E and n3 PUFAs. After steaming and frying process there were minimum losses in the contents of cholecalciferol and alpha-tocopherol, while retinol was reduced nearly a half. The process of frying affects most significantly three fatty acids groups, whereas after steaming was observed little influence on fatty acids profile.


Objective
To investigate the effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function and executive function in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Methods
Ninety-four patients with Parkinson's disease admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Heze from April 2016 to March 2018 were selected and divided into two groups by single blind method, with 47 patients in each group. The control group was treated with levodopa and benserazide hydrazine tablets and selegeran tablets. The observation group was treated with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation based on the treatment for control group. After 2 months of treatment, motor function, autonomic nervous function and executive function were compared between the two groups.

Results
After treatment, motor function (UPDRS Ⅲ), autonomic nervous function (SCOPA - AUT) score of the two groups was lower, and the observation group had lower scores than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, rapid verbal retrieve, clock drawing test and trail marking test scores of the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions
On the basis of conventional drug therapy, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can not only improve autonomic nervous function and motor function, but also enhance executive function in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Key words:
Parkinson's disease; Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Motor function; Executive function


OBJECTIVE
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to demonstrate the noninferiority of mandibular 2-implant overdentures (IODs) on a CAD-CAM milled bar with long distal extensions (MBDE) against IODs on retentive anchors (RA).

METHODS
Forty edentulous participants rehabilitated with a maxillary conventional denture and a mandibular 2-IOD participated in this trial. They were randomized into two groups [Control group (CG): RA + gold matrices; Experimental group (EG): MBDE + gold clip]. The outcomes included implant survival rate (ISR), chewing efficiency [quantitative (VoH) and subjective (SA) assessments], peri-implant marginal bone-levels (PI-MBL), maximum bite-force (MBF), and patient-reported outcomes [oral health impact profile (OHIP-EDENT) and denture satisfaction index (DSI)]. Outcomes were recorded at baseline (BL), two weeks (T0 ), 6-months (T1 ) and at 1-year (T2 ) after the intervention. Intra- and inter-group analyses were performed using regression models with ⍺=0.05.

RESULTS
38 participants completed the T2 visit (CG: n=19, age=74.7±7.8y; EG: n=19, age=70.3±10.7y). At T2 , there was no implant loss in either of the groups (ISR=100%). There were no significant differences between the groups for the PI-MBL changes (p=0.754). Improvements occurred faster in the EG than in the CG, but over the observation time, there were no differences between the trial groups for VoH, MBF, OHIP-EDENT, and the DSI, except for SA being significantly better in the EG group (p=0.022).

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this RCT confirm that mandibular 2-IODs with a CAD-CAM milled bar with long distal extensions are not an inferior treatment to the conventional IODs on retentive anchors in the short term (1-year).


New Zealand is located in the converging zone between the Australian and Pacific Plates. The Pacific Plate is descending beneath the Australian Plate in the north of New Zealand, while the Australian Plate is descending beneath the Pacific Plate in the south. The contrastive tectonics is connected by the Alpine Fault, the transform fault with NE‐SW strike along most of the length of New Zealand. Recently, previous studies showed that a cluster analysis of dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) velocity field objectively yields major velocity discontinuities, which may reflect an important tectonic boundary. We applied two different types of clustering algorithms: hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) and Euler pole clustering (EPC), to the dense GNSS horizontal velocity data in New Zealand. Both methods agree that the primary kinematic boundary lies from the northern Wairarapa region to the southwestern end of the Alpine Fault. The HAC introduces a cluster boundary along the North Island Dextral Fault Belt whereas EPC emphasizes the importance of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ). Since EPC fits the data reasonably well, it indicates the TVZ is an important boundary. This result displays the limitation of the flat earth assumption. The Chatham Islands is identified as an independent cluster by the HAC, but not by the EPC. Further cluster splits illustrate that the relative motion between the two plates is accommodated by distributed deformation in the Marlborough Fault Zone in the South Island whereas the North Island is characterized by local block rotations.


It is the research object for the ecological stoichiometry of C, N and P on the different time of desertification grasslands enclosed and grazing grassland in Taibusi country of the Inner Mongolia, China. Through the measurement and analysis on ecological stoichiometric ratio of C, N and P in soil, the time of desertification grassland enclosed is determined. There are 13 soil of desertification grassland with different en-closure time, and 1 soil of grazing grassland. They are analyzed for the soil organic carbon, total nitro-gen, total phosphorus content and their density. The C/N of soil were increased with the extension of the time of desertification grassland enclosed. To 22 years enclosed, the C/N of grassland desertification soil enclosed is greater than the soil of grazing grassland that is 17. After the desertification grassland is en-closed, the C/N of soil is 13, and it is accumulated to maximum for C and N, and The grazing period is the best.


Objective: study the role of ceftriaxone on THA-induced motor neuron injury. Methods: The organotypic spinal cord cultures were prepared from 7 day old rat pup lumbar spinal cords. Lumbar spinal cords were collected under sterile conditions, sectioned transversely at 350μm intervals. Slices were placed on the inserts. After 1 week in culture, the THA group, treated with THA alone to achieve a final concentration of 100μmol/L, for the ceftriaxone +THA group, tissues were co-treated with ceftriaxone to achieve a final concentration of 100μM, and simultaneously with 100μM THA. 0. 1%DMSO was added to the drug solubilizer control, no drugs added to the control group. After 4 weeks in culture, tissue were harvested, the number of motor neurons were oberserved by immunohistochemistry Results: THA induced selective motor neuron death. ceftriaxone can prevent motor neuron death, increase motor neuron suvival. Conclusion: ceftriaxone have neuroprotective potential on motor neuron death.β antibiotic may provide a novel neuroprotective strategy for the treatment of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).


SAMP1/YitFC (SAMP) mice exhibit spontaneous ileitis as they age with morphological and functional epithelial abnormalities mimicking human Crohn's disease, a chronic disease characterized by ileal inflammation. Indole‐3‐carbinole (I3C), found in broccoli and Brussel sprouts, plays a crucial role in the anti‐inflammatory processes by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor vital for epithelial and immune cell functions. The impact of I3C diet on disease progression and epithelial integrity in SAMP model of ileitis is not known.


The main purpose of building breakwaters is to produce safe havens for ships and boats in rough seas. The general architecture for a breakwater is a wall with a trapezoidal-shaped cross section extending parallel to the shoreline. As the waves from the open sea approach, they are encountered by the so-called slope and revetment of the breakwater, where the wave is broken and its energy is dissipated and/or reflected back. However, the ever-increasing attractiveness of the utilization of waves as energy sources, paralleling to the increasing monetary and environmental costs of energy, has led the authors to consider the vast amounts of this otherwise dissipated energy into useful electrical energy. A wave energy conversion concept, which can be classified as an "overtopping" wave energy converter was conceived, where the open sea-facing (revetment) side of the breakwater is fitted by a water collecting channel at a suitable height above the calm water level, running alongside the breakwater. The channel leads the collected water to a powerhouse containing a low head turbine (or a set of such turbines) discharging it to the calm water of the inner harbour. Power obtained from these turbines can be converted to electrical energy. In this study, an estimation of the volume of water collected by the channel and the energy production for a proposed breakwater - power station system for a typical rough weather shall be made. It is deemed that the feasibility of this system is comparable to and even higher than the other wave energy conversion systems since it does not require additional facilities and power supply lines to be built due to its proximity to the existing energy transmission lines, except for the addition of new features/installations to the existing breakwaters.


Background and aim: Matthew's value is an index that examines the visibility of a journal's articles over the past five years. In this study, the agricultural journals were evaluated using this index during 20102016. Material and methods: The statistical population of this citation analysis study consisted of 171 journals indexed in Scopus. The data were collected using the SCImago, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Spearman correlation coefficient and Pearson correlation tests were applied to prove the relationship between Hirsch (h) index and Matthew's value. Findings: A total of 4037 Iranian articles were published in 171 studied journals. The highest rate of acceptance of agricultural articles by the journals was 237 articles, the highest h-index was 193 and the highest Matthew's value was 12.253, which belonged to European and American journals. Correlation coefficient test confirmed the positive relationship between h-index and Matthew's value. Conclusion: Increasing scientific outputs in the field of agriculture does not necessarily lead to increased citation; therefore, both quantity and quality should be considered in scientific outputs.


In this paper, we propose two rate control algorithms for multi-view extension of HEVC with two rate control algorithms adopted in HEVC and analyze the multi-view rate control performance. The proposed multi-view rate controls are designed on HEVC-based multi-view video coding (MV-HEVC) platform with consideration of high-level syntax, inter-view prediction, etc. not only for the base view but also for the extended views using the rate control algorithms based on URQ (Unified Rate-Quantization) and R-lambda model adopted in HEVC. The proposed multi-view rate controls also contain view-wise target bit allocation for providing the compatibility to the base view. By allocating the target bitrates for each view, the proposed multi-view rate control based on URQ model achieved about 1.83% of average bitrate accuracy and 1.73dB of average PSNR degradation. In addition, about 2.97% of average bitrate accuracy and 0.31dB of average PSNR degradation are achieved with the proposed multi-view rate control based on R-lambda model.


A method for potential flow computations in moving and breaking domains was developed by Garzon and Sethian in a series of papers. The method uses the level set embedding techniques to establish a complete Eulerian formulation of the classical Lagrangian equations, and was approximated using a boundary integral formulation. The model has proved to be very robust to simulate various physical situations such as wave overturning and breaking [1]; the Taylor-Rayleigh instability of a fluid jet, [2]; droplet and bubble evolution in a two fluid system, [3], [4] ; and more recently electrical droplet deformation, [5]. The algorithm was developed assuming axisymmetrical geometries and due to the use of the boundary element method, an explicit mesh of the free boundary has to be constructed at each time step.


Plant disease resistance is a complex process that is maintained in an intricate balance with development. Increasing evidence indicates the importance of post-transcriptional regulation of plant defense by RNA binding proteins. The K homology (KH) repeat is an ancient RNA binding motif found in proteins from diverse organisms. The role of KH domain proteins in pathogen resistance is not well known. From a genetic screen aimed to uncover novel defense genes in Arabidopsis, we identified a new allele of the canonical flowering regulatory gene, FLOWERING LOCUS KH Domain (FLK), encoding a putative triple KH-repeat protein. In addition to late flowering, the flk mutants exhibited decreased resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and increased resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. We found that the flk mutations compromised basal defense and defense signaling mediated by salicylic acid and led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, likely through FLK's regulation of the ROS scavenging enzyme catalases. RNA-seq data revealed that major defense signaling genes are regulated by FLK, providing a molecular basis for FLK's contribution to pathogen defense. Together our data support that FLK is a multifunctional protein regulating pathogen defense and development of plants.


The gain of Metal Wrap Through (MWT) cells and modules in comparison to standard modules has been extensively reported in the past. Most studies are limited to Standard Test Conditions (STC), and outdoor performance is not regarded. This paper studies the outdoor performance and energy yield of back contact foil based MWT modules in comparison to standard modules. A big advantage is the very low series resistance of the MWT modules; its influence on energy yield is simulated and compared to standard modules for different locations throughout Europe. It is shown that the gain at STC conditions is largely translated into a gain in the produced energy. The gain is confirmed by outdoor measurements on two locations in Europe. It is shown that the monthly performance ratios of the MWT and H-pattern modules do not differ and thus the gain at STC is a good measure for the eventual gain in energy yield. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the SiliconPV 2012 conference


This paper examines whether and how climatic shocks influence individual migration decisions. We use census microdata across 64 countries over the period 1960 to 2012, covering 442 million individual records, combined with geo-referenced temperature and precipitation data summarised for each origin and destination administrative unit. Migration is identified when an individual changed a place of usual residence one, five or ten years ago to a new major administrative unit in the same country. Given an exceptionally large number of observations, we apply a two-step approach to analyse the relationship between exposure to climatic shocks and migration. First, we use random forest models to uncover that in many countries climatic shocks are as important as better-known individual-level covariates in determining migration decisions. This observation serves as a yard-stick for the second step of our analysis. For a subset of countries, where rainfall shocks play an important role in migration, we compare internal migration patterns across time by examining whether a region experiencing positive or negative rainfall shocks observed higher or lower migration. We find that negative rainfall shocks suppress outmigration particularly for low-income countries. The opposite is true for positive rainfall shocks whereby migration is found to increase, especially for lower-income countries. Our finding supports the liquidity constraint argument whereby adverse climatic conditions can disrupt migration financing and consequently suppress ability to migrate.