suppresses DNAsynthesis by inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase.4) Ribonucleotide reductase plays an essential role in DNAsynthesis in most organisms.5) The enzyme is a nonheme iron-containing protein, which requires ATPand Mg2+ as co factors. As previously reported that IC202C has art affinity against Fe(III) ion,3) we have examined the effect of IC202C on ribonucleotide reductase activity using EL4 mouse T lymphoma cells. EL4 cell (7X 107) extracts were prepared as described by Hoffbrand et al.,4) and ribonucleotide reductase activity in the cell extracts was determined according to the method by Thelandar6) and Gleason,5) using [5-3H]cytidine 5 '-diphoshate ammonium salt as a substrate. After the reaction at 37°C for 1 hour, the radioactivity of dCMPwas counted by a liquid scintillation counter. As a result, IC202C significantly inhibited ribonucleotide reductase in EL4 cell extracts in vitro as well as hydroxyurea and deferoxamine (Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Tokyo), typical inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase (Table 1). IC202C also inhibited the enzyme activity in


Objective: To compare spinal manipulation, back school and individual physiotherapy in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Design: Randomized trial, 12-month follow-up. Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation department. Participants: 210 patients with chronic, non-specific low back pain, 140/210 women, age 59 ± 14 years. Interventions: Back school and individual physiotherapy scheduled 15 1-hour-sessions for 3 weeks. Back school included: group exercise, education/ ergonomics; individual physiotherapy: exercise, passive mobilization and soft-tissue treatment. Spinal manipulation, given according to Manual Medicine, scheduled 4 to 6 20'-sessions once-a-week. Outcome: Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (scoring 0-24) and Pain Rating Scale (scoring 0-6) were assessed at baseline, discharge 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: 205 patients completed the study. At discharge, disability score decreased by 3.7 ± 4.1 for back school, 4.4 ± 3.7 for individual physiotherapy, 6.7 ± 3.9 for manipulation; pain score reduction was 0.9 ± 1.1, 1.1 ± 1.0, 1.0 ± 1.1, respectively. At 12 months, disability score reduction was 4.2 ± 4.8 for back school, 4.0 ± 5.1 for individual physiotherapy, 5.9 ± 4.6 for manipulation; pain score reduction was 0.7 ± 1.2, 0.4 ± 1.3, and 1.5 ± 1.1, respectively. Spinal manipulation was associated with higher functional improvement and long-term pain relief than back school or individual physiotherapy, but received more further treatment at follow-ups (P<0.001); pain recurrences and drug intake were also reduced compared to back school (P <0.05) or individual physiotherapy (P <0.001). Conclusions: Spinal manipulation provided better short and long-term functional improvement, and more pain relief in the follow-up than either back school or individual physiotherapy.


At University of Science and Technology of China, we have an Infrared (IR) free electron laser (FEL) oscillator experimental facility (FELiChEM) to generate radiations in the wavelength range of 2.5-50 m and 40-200 m. The output power is one of the most concerned parameters by the users. Since the electron beam distribution and the out-coupling hole in the resonator mirror can influence the saturated power and the optical mode, it would be an important issue to the output power of the IR light source. It has been demonstrated that use of a hollow electron beam could offer a higher saturated power than use of a Gaussian electron beam. Thus we consider the operation of FELiChEM with a hollow beam, and analyze its effect on FEL performance.


Abstract Objectives To describe the integration of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in the diagnosis and management of cardiac arrest secondary to amniotic fluid embolism (AFE). Case presentation A 29-year-old female presented for induction of labor at 39 weeks. Labor was complicated by hemorrhage and subsequent sinus tachycardia pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest. Intra-arrest POCUS demonstrated right ventricular dilation and hypokinesis adding to a presumed hemorrhagic arrest etiology. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was initiated at the bedside following the POCUS findings. ROTEM further clarified the etiology of hemorrhage as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and in combination with the POCUS findings led to a final diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism with DIC. The patient was maintained on VA-ECMO without heparin in the setting of DIC. She had a complicated hospital course but was discharged home with her healthy child and no residual physical or neurologic deficits. Conclusions In the absence of more specific testing modalities the utilization of rapidly available POCUS in conjunction with ROTEM can impact clinical decision making of cardiovascular resuscitation in patients during labor and delivery by narrowing the differential between pulmonary embolism and AFE.


The Board of directors is the core of corporate g overnance, its efficiency is very important to the good performance and sustained development of companies. This paper develops the theoretical framework of directorate governance and tests the data from Chinese listed companies. We try to discover the formation and characteristics of the efficiency of directorate governance and provide experiences for Chinese listed companies to improve the efficiency of their directorate governance.


New type of optical links, (medial dispersion fibre) MDF/sup SD/, were successfully developed both in positive and negative sign. Accumulated dispersion was suppressed about the same level with conventional NZ-DSF. Total attenuation was 0.200 dB/km and PMD 0.03 ps/rkm, so these fibers are very advantageous for 40 Gb/s transmission. Dispersion was within 0.4 ps/nm/km and attenuation was lower than 0.225 dB/km from 1500 nm to 1620 nm. And we also confirmed to be able to enlarge Aeff as 100 and 40 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ respectively by computer simulation.


Objective To study the effect of Ditan Kaiqiao Decoction on the behavioral ability and intracerebral neurotransmitter of rats with post-stroke depression(PSD). Methods After the permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries was performed, the behavioral limitation was applied to make PSD model rat and they were randomized into Model group, Ditan Kaiqiao group, Fluoxetine group and Pseudooperation group. The changes of monoamine neurotransmitter of hippocampal region were tested by RP-HPLC fluoroscopic examination and the autonomy behavioral changes were observed. Results The behavioral ability of Model group decreased (P0.01 or P0.05). 5-HT, 5-HIAA, DA and NE of hippocampal region were lowered (P0.05). With the treatment of fluoxetine hydrochloride and Ditan Kaiqiao Decoction, the horizontal movement, vertical movement and clean movement of rats were improved in comparison with Model group, while the intracerebral monoamine neurotransmitter increased (P0.05). Conclusion The permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid artery in combination of behavioral limitation could provide the ideal animal models for experiment and clinical study of PSD. Ditan Kaiqiao Decoction could improve the behavioral ability and intracerebral neurotransmitter of PSD rats.


The Arès movement began with revelations which a French citizen, Michel Potay, claims to have experienced in 1974 and 1977. The movement centres on a pilgrimage, and its followers call themselves "pilgrims of Arès". The author examines the development of the pilgrimage and the way in which it is currently undertaken. Limited significance is given to the pilgrimage as a physical journey, although the metaphor of pilgrimage as a spiritual advance remains; what matters much more is what pilgrims do once they have arrived at the holy place. The pilgrimage is to a place where tourism was already present; this has contributed to its acceptance by the local population, since the pilgrimage also brings customers to local businesses deriving their income from tourists.


Originally published in: Protein Folding Handbook. Part I. Edited by Johannes Buchner and Thomas Kiefhaber. Copyright © 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3-527-30784-2

Introduction
How Urea Denatures Proteins
Linear Extrapolation Method
ΔG(H2O)
m-Values
Conclusions
Practical Considerations
How to Choose the Best Denaturant for your Study
How to Prepare Denaturant Solutions
Preparation of a urea stock solution

How to Determine Solvent Denaturation Curves
Determining a Urea or GdmCl Denaturation Curve
How to Analyze Urea or GdmCl Denaturant Curves

Determining Differences in Stability

Acknowledgments

Keywords:

urea;
guanidinium;
protein unfolding;
conformational stability;
denaturation curve


With the use of the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique, local burningrates aremeasured at different radial locations across the web during static tests of center-perforated solid propellant rocket motor grains. The measurement shows a higher burning rate in the midweb region and a lower burning rate toward the port and motor case. The measured motor pressure history could be very well simulated by using the measured local burning rates. Thus, direct evidence is provided that the variationof the burning rate across the web is the cause of themidweb anomaly in chamber pressure widely reported in solid motors with center-perforated grains.


Objective To investigate the effects of 4-H PR on ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV_3 in vitro. Methods T he growth inhibitory effect of 4-HPR was observed by growth curve and MTT cell cycle and apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry. Results 4-HPR could significant inhibit the growth and proliferation of SKOV_3 cells.M TT showed the IC_~50 is 3.2 μmol/L.Cytometry showed that the ratio of S ph ase and G2 phase increase after SKOV_3 cells were treated by 4-HPR.4-HPR coul d induce apoptosis of SKOV_3 cells and that was dose and time-dependent. Conclusion 4-HPR is a promising drug in ovarian carcinoma ther apy because it could inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and induc e apoptotic cell death of ovarian carcinoma cells.


White Rock chicks (1 day to 4 weeks old) were innoculated with a 0.05% solution of either colcemid (CIBA) or podophyllin. Feather follicle cells were squashed on slides and temporarily stained. Cells obtained after podophyllin pretreatment yielded mitotic plates comparable with those obtained after colcemid pretreatment. Also a larger mitotic index was observed in cells from chicks pretreated with podophyllin. The results suggest that in karyotype studies of the domestic fowl podophyllin may be used as an effective mitotic arrestor.


Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a destructive disease of tomato crops worldwide. The use of resistant varieties is the best strategy for disease control. In the present study we analyze eight tomato lines and hybrids for Fusarium wilt disease resistance by polymerase chain reaction. Total genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves of three-week-old plants of tomato. Results of PCR of eight tomato lines and hybrids indicated that there are one dominant heterozygote, two recessive homozy- gotes and five dominant homozygotes. Also, results of polymerase chain reaction showed that it needs less time and is cheaper. Also by using this method, it is possible to determine genotype of plant (homozygote or heterozygote) without presence of the pathogen. Therefore, PCR technique was used in the identification gene I2 conferring resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.


The purpose of the article is to substantiate the trends in the evolution of the social and informational status of a document in the context of structural and functional modernization of mass media. To achieve the goal, the main tasks are to determine the role and significance of the convergence factors of mass media modernization, to establish the trends of developing the functional and typological structure of mass communication documents. The methodology of the research consists in using general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, logical approach, which has made it possible to substantiate the decisive significance of convergence factors in the modernization of the mass media system, to establish the characteristic features of the development of its functional and typological structure. The scientific novelty of the work is that the article elaborates upon the modern theory of the document about the role of convergence in modernizing functional and typological structure of mass communication documents. Conclusions . The development of the mass communication documents system takes place according to the transformational pattern, the decisive factors of which are convergence processes. There is a radical structural and functional modernization of the mass media, the primary manifestations of which are the expansion of the scope of traditional and the emergence of new mass media functions, the development of their typological structure, the rise of new types of documents.


In this paper, we study the problem of video-based person re-identification. This is more challenging, and of greater practical interest, than conventional image-based person re-identification. To address this problem, we propose the use of convolutional Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based networks to learn a video-based representation for person re-identification. To this end, we propose to jointly leverage deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and LSTM networks. Given sequential video frames of a person, the spatial information encoded in the frames is first extracted by a set of CNNs. An encoder-decoder framework derived from LSTMs is employed to encode the resulting temporal of CNN outputs. This approach leads to a refined feature representation that is able to explicitly model the video as an ordered sequence, while preserving the spatial information. Comparative experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance for video-based person re-identification on iLIDS-VID and PRID 2011, the two primary public datasets for this purpose.


BACKGROUND:Theaimsofthisstudyweretoexaminethechemicalcompositionoftheessentialoilisolatedfromthefloralparts of Nandina domestica Thunb. by hydrodistillation, and to test the efficacy of essential oil and various leaf extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol)as an antifungal potential against a panel of agricultural plant pathogens. RESULTS: The GC-MS analysis determined that 79 compounds, which represented 87.06% of total oil, were present in the oil containing mainly 1-indolizino carbazole (19.65%), 2-pentanone (16.4%), mono phenol (12.1%), aziridine (9.01%), methylcarbinol (4.6%), ethanone (3.3%), furfural (2.96%), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (1.29%) and 2(5H)-furanone (1.32%). The oil (1000 ppm disc −1 ) and the leaf extracts (1500 ppm disc −1 ) revealed remarkable antifungal effect against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum capsici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani in the growth inhibition range of 53.3‐64.3% and 33.3‐56.0%, respectively, along with their respective values for mimimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 125 to 1000 µ gm L −1 and 500 to 2000 µ gm L −1 . The values for minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the oil and extracts were obtained in the range of 125 to 1000 µ gm L −1 and 500 to 2000 µ gm L −1 , respectively.Theessentialoilalsohadastrongdetrimentaleffectonsporegerminationofalltheplantpathogenstestedalong with concentration as well as time-dependentkinetic inhibition of B.cinerea. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study demonstrate that N. domestica mediated oil and extracts could become potential alternativesto synthetic fungicides for controlling certain important agricultural plant pathogenic fungi. c � 2008 Society of Chemical Industry


The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is susceptible to factors, such as solar and geomagnetic activities, resulting in the enhancement of its non-stationarity and nonlinear characteristics, which aggravate the impact on radio communications. In this study, based on the NeuralProphet hybrid prediction framework, a regional ionospheric TEC prediction model (multi-factor NeuralProphet model, MF-NPM) considering multiple factors was constructed by taking solar activity index, geomagnetic activity index, geographic coordinates, and IGS GIM data as input parameters. Data from 2009 to 2013 were used to train the model to achieve forecasts of regional ionospheric TEC at different latitudes during the solar maximum phase (2014) and geomagnetic storms by sliding 1 day. In order to verify the prediction performance of the MF-NPM, the multi-factor long short-term memory neural network (LSTMNN) model was also constructed for comparative analysis. At the same time, the TEC prediction results of the two models were compared with the IGS GIM and CODE 1-day predicted GIM products (COPG_P1). The results show that the MF-NPM achieves good prediction performance effectively. The RMSE and relative accuracy (RA) of MF-NPM are 2.33 TECU and 93.75%, respectively, which are 0.77 and 1.87 TECU and 1.91% and 6.68% better than LSTMNN and COPG_P1 in the solar maximum phase (2014). During the geomagnetic storm, the RMSE and RA of TEC prediction results based on the MF-NPM are 3.12 TECU and 92.86%, respectively, which are improved by 1.25 and 2.30 TECU and 2.38% and 7.24% compared with LSTMNN and COPG_P1. Furthermore, the MF-NPM also achieves better performance in low–mid latitudes.


A practical optimization approach for improving for crashworthiness of impact structure of FMVSSS 208 sled test model is introduced. Due to the non-linear of crash simulation and the instability of explicit finite element analysis itself, even small changes in model parameters may cause significant changes in the result. So, global-searching ability of optimization algorithm is more important In this paper the robustness of two methods(Genetic algorithm vs. Stochastic Response Surface Method) are studied and compared with the results of deterministic optimization methods in view of running time. These approaches showed promise in implementing impact structure optimization. Especially, the SRSM(Stochastic Response Surface Method), an extension to general response surface method was developed as a part of this work for reducing the number of simulation required for estimation of function.


Traumatic trapeziometacarpal (TMC) dislocation without a fracture is an uncommon injury in adults and exceptionally rare in children (McCarthy and Awan, 2014; Nusem et al., 2001). We report the case of a 10-year-old girl who sustained a left thumb injury. On examination 3 days later, left thumb examination showed a reducible dislocated thumb metacarpal base. The contralateral TMC joint was stable. General examination showed some joint laxity, scoring 6 on the Beighton grade. Radiographs revealed dorsolateral TMC dislocation (Figure 1(a)). Application of a thumb spica cast was unsuccessful at maintaining joint reduction. Consequently, the patient subsequently underwent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning with a 1.5 mm K-wire (Figure 1(b)). A thumb-spica cast was then applied, with the cast and wire removed 6 weeks later. At review after 1 year, the patient had no symptoms and a stable TMC joint (Figure 1(c)). Only five paediatric TMC traumatic dislocations have been reported in the scientific literature (Table 1) (McLaughlin and Abouzahr, 1998; Nusem et al., 2001; Varitimidis and Sotereanos, 1999; Watt and Hooper, 1987). Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning might not be adequate in adults, as one-third of patients have been reported to suffer recurrent subluxation (McCarthy and Awan, 2014). It was, however, successful in our patient, as well as in a previous paediatric case (Watt and Hooper, 1987). In four of the five previously reported paediatric cases, initial treatment consisted of closed reduction and thumb spica cast application (Nusem et al., 2001; Varitimidis and Sotereanos, 1999; Watt and Hooper, 1987). This treatment failed in two patients who had delayed treatment 1 or 8 weeks after injury (Varitimidis and Sotereanos, 1999; Watt and Hooper, 1987).


Abstract. Heterogeneous uptake of hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2)
onto aerosols has been proposed to be a significant sink of HOx, hence
impacting the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Accurate calculation of the
HO2 uptake coefficient γHO2 is key to
quantifying the potential impact of this atmospheric process. Laboratory
studies show that γHO2 can vary by orders of
magnitude due to changes in aerosol properties, especially aerosol soluble
copper (Cu) concentration and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC). In this
study we present a state-of-the-art model called MARK to simulate both gas-
and aerosol-phase chemistry for the uptake of HO2 onto Cu-doped
aerosols. Moreover, a novel parameterization of HO2 uptake was
developed that considers changes in relative humidity (RH) and condensed-phase
Cu ion concentrations and which is based on a model optimization using
previously published and new laboratory data included in this
work. This new parameterization will be applicable to wet aerosols, and it
will complement current IUPAC recommendations. The new parameterization is
as follows (the explanations for symbols are in the Appendix): 1γHO2=1αHO2+3×υHO24×106×RdHcorrRT×(5.87+3.2×ln(ALWC/[PM]+0.067))×[PM]-0.2×Cu2+eff0.65+υHO2l4RTHorgDorgε. All parameters used in the paper are summarized in Table A1. Using this new
equation, field data from a field campaign were used to evaluate the impact
of the HO2 uptake onto aerosols on the ROx (= OH + HO2 + RO2) budget. Highly variable values for HO2 uptake were
obtained for the North China Plain (median value < 0.1).


Hedging in all respects, is one of the most fundamental tools when it comes to fulfilling the principal aim of corporate finance – maximizing shareholder value. Also the research about how to calculate risk and how to hedge against it has been meticulously assessed in famous research papers that cover almost every detail of risk management. Nonetheless, the missing part in the risk management field seems to be a more practically-oriented and general framework that answers more specific and narrow questions when it comes to such as what types of risks one should hedge and to what extent. This paper assesses the production input price exposure of corporations that use agricultural commodities as inputs in production, something that have yet not been done in previous research. The analysis is performed by comparing the linear relationship between fluctuations in a stock price with fluctuations in the commodity price, for companies that practice commodity hedging and companies that do not. In order to affirm whether or not commodity hedging has a value enhancing effect on equity in addition of having a valuestabilizing effect we use the Tobin's q-statistic as a proxy for firm value and study how it is affected by hedging. In addition, we try to explain why hedging enhances the value by analyzing how it affect the internally generated cash flow that can be used for value-creating activities such as investing in profitable projects. Our findings indicate that hedging companies' stock prices are unaffected by fluctuations in the commodity price and also that these companies are more valuable in terms of the Tobin's q-statistic. Our recommendations for companies exposed to price fluctuations in agricultural commodities are thus to hedge.


This new vision for designing the future of academic libraries enables librarians to become indispensable partners in the college teaching endeavor by integrating themselves into the instructional process. - Improve collaboration with faculty, researchers, and students to become an instructional partner - Connect with learners by applying design thinking to develop and enhance library services - Provide new tools for sharing information literacy and research process insights - Take leadership initiative to integrate the academic library and librarian into the teaching and learning process Scenarios, case studies, and profiles throughout illustrate the successes that real blended librarians are having on campuses. This practical, hands-on guide expands the possibilities for academic librarians in public service, reference, instruction, information literacy, and even library and information science students.


Jelly-like microbial mat samples were collected from benthic surfaces at the St. Petersburg methane seep located in Central Baikal. The concentrations of certain ions, specifically chloride, bromide, sulphate, acetate, iron, calcium, and magnesium, were 2–40 times higher in the microbial mats than those in the pore and bottom water. A large number of diatom valves, cyanobacteria, and filamentous, rod-shaped and coccal microorganisms were found in the samples of bacterial mats using light, epifluorescence and scanning microscopy.Comparative analysis of a 16S rRNA gene fragment demonstrated the presence of bacteria and archaea belonging to the following classes and phyla: Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Euryarchaeota. The chemical composition and phylogenetic structure of the microbial community showed that the life activity of the mat occurs due to methane and its derivatives involved. Values of δ13C for the microbial mats varied from −73.6‰ to −65.8‰ and for animals from −68.9‰ to −36.6‰. Functional genes of the sequential methane oxidation (pmoA and mxaF) and different species of methanotrophic bacteria inhabiting cold ecosystems were recorded in the total DNA. Like in other psychroactive communities, the destruction of organic substances forming formed as a result of methanotrophy, terminates at the stage of acetate formation in the microbial mats of Lake Baikal (1,400 m depth). Its further transformation is limited by hydrogen content and carried out in the subsurface layers of sediments.


Two faunal changes occurred in the Late Pleistocene-Holocene archaeo-faunal sequence in the Israel Region. The first. 12-
11.000 BP. is characterised by a reduction or disappearance, in three of four localities, of the fallow deer. This first change
correlates with climatic data, which indicates aridification. and with man's supposed increasing exploitation of wild cereals. The
second faunal change occurred in the Neolithic a millennium or two later, and signifies the advent of animal domestication. It is
characterised by increased
occurrence of goat and cattle. Later assemblages consist almost entirely of caprines, cattle and some pig. The Neolithic change
was probably gradual since gazelle were still hunted in this period. More evidence is required, however, to establish the time of
introduction of sheep and domestication of cattle.


The paper deals with electromechanical energy conversion systems that use the energy storage. Only electromechanical energy conversion is considered and no other form of energy is taken into account. Some similitudes in the approached problems in the both direction of the energy transformation are pointed. More detailed are analyzed the energy generation systems with storage based on compressed air. A new solution in this direction is shortly discussed.


Pension reform is a crucial societal problem in many countries, and traditional pension schemes, such as Pay-As-You-Go and Defined-Benefit schemes, are being replaced by more sustainable ones. One challenge for a public pension system is the management of a systematic risk that affects all individuals in one generation (e.g., that caused by a worse economic situation). Such a risk cannot be diversified within one generation, but may be reduced by sharing with other (younger and/or older) generations, i.e., by intergenerational risk sharing (IRS). In this work, we investigate IRS in a Collective Defined-Contribution (CDC) pension system. We consider a CDC pension model with overlapping multiple generations, in which a funding-ratio-liked declaration rate is used as a means of IRS. We perform an extensive simulation study to investigate the mechanism of IRS. One of our main findings is that the IRS works particularly effectively for protecting pension participants in the worst scenarios of a tough financial market. Apart from these economic contributions, we make a simulation-methodological contribution for pension studies by employing Bayesian optimization, a modern machine learning approach to black-box optimization, in systematically searching for optimal parameters in our pension model. *Institute of Insurance Science, Ulm University, Germany, firstname.lastname@example.com. †Data Science Department, EURECOM, France, email@example.com. ‡Institute of Insurance Science, Ulm University, Germany. (Corresponding: email@example.com) 1 ar X iv :2 10 6. 13 64 4v 1 [ ec on .G N ] 2 5 Ju n 20 21


A new impulse amplifier design with a type Wl-1 diode discriminator is described. It permits a hundredfold amplification of positive impulses with a duration of 10 mu sec at a maximum amplitude of the output impulse around 30. Specifications and a circuit diagram are included. The instrument is basically intended for amplification of positive impulses, but will also amplify negative impulses when the diode discriminator is disconnected. Although the design develops no basically new ideas, it may prove useful in the laboratory. (JPHS)


In this study, we aimed to improve rice farmers' productivity and profitability in rainfed lowlands through appropriate crop and nutrient management by closing the rice yield gap during the dry season in the rainfed lowlands of Indonesia. The Integrated Crop Management package, involving recommended practices (RP) from the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), were compared to the farmers' current practices at ten farmer-participatory demonstration plots across ten provinces of Indonesia in 2019. The farmers' practices (FP) usually involved using old varieties in their remaining land and following their existing fertilizer management methods. The results indicate that improved varieties and nutrient best management practices in rice production, along with water reservoir infrastructure and information access, contribute to increasing the productivity and profitability of rice farming. The mean rice yield increased significantly with RP compared with FP by 1.9 t ha−1 (ranges between 1.476 to 2.344 t ha−1), and net returns increased, after deducting the cost of fertilizers and machinery used for irrigation supplements, by USD 656 ha−1 (ranges between USD 266.1 to 867.9 ha−1) per crop cycle. This represents an exploitable yield gap of 37%. Disaggregated by the wet climate of western Indonesia and eastern Indonesia's dry climate, the RP increased rice productivity by 1.8 and 2.0 t ha−1, with an additional net return gain per cycle of USD 600 and 712 ha−1, respectively. These results suggest that there is considerable potential to increase the rice production output from lowland rainfed rice systems by increasing cropping intensity and productivity. Here, we lay out the potential for site-specific variety and nutrient management with appropriate crop and supplemental irrigation as an ICM package, reducing the yield gap and increasing farmers' yield and income during the dry season in Indonesia's rainfed-prone areas.


Surface characterization of Al2O3, In2O3–Al2O3 and Ga2O3–Al2O3 prepared by sol–gel method was made focusing on the acid–base properties. Cyclohexanol conversion as a model reaction revealed that acid sites rather than basic sites are present predominantly on the surface. The presence of Lewis acid sites was confirmed by pyridine adsorption followed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In addition, a certain amount of Bronsted acid sites were also revealed by the adsorption of 2,6-dimethylpyridine (DMP). From the adsorption of CO, it was found that the addition of Ga2O3 into alumina leads to a decrease of Lewis acid strength but to an increase of the number of sites, while In2O3 addition caused a global decrease of Lewis acidic properties of
 alumina. Using CO2 as a probe to study the basicity, the number of surface basic sites on alumina was
 found to be decreased by the In2O3 and Ga2O3 additives. A good correlation between the catalytic activity for 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene isomerisation and the surface acidity estimated by CO and DMP adsorption was supposed. The combination of model reactions and adsorption of specific probe molecules gives us detailed
 information concerning the surface acid–base properties.


In order to leave our children not with a huge problem in the future, we quickly have to realize the energy transition to renewable and CO2 neutral sources and circuits, which implies the introduction of the complete H2 economy. In addition, the ever ongoing demand and progress in electronics requires new and smart steps from the semiconducting industry pushing the border for device fabrication and thus material science and nanotechnology.
 Both extremely important topics crucially depend on the complete understanding of the fundamental atomic processes for device or catalyst manufacturing by electrodeposition as well as their stability during operation under (electrochemical) application.
 The general problem, however, has been formulated nicely already by Wolfgang Pauli:
 "God made the bulk; surfaces were invented by the devil."
 It took around two decades, before most of the basic concepts and atomic effects have been observed and understood in standard, ultra-high vacuum (UHV) surface science and nanotechnology. Now, it is surely time to open a similar book and start from scratch, as atoms and surfaces in electrochemical environment clearly behave differently than in UHV. Moreover, this time it is not enough to measure after the deposition, after the growth, after the nucleation, or after a reaction!
 Both electrochemical data clearly show that many surfaces change during application and the complex understanding during electrodepostion, which involves a huge parameter space of tunable variables, can surely only be addressed adequately by in operando measurements.
 In this talk, I will show examples from in operando measurements ranging from STM over TEM to SXRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that all demonstrate the power and perspective for gaining new insight.

 Figure 1


Enhancing the activity of brown, or brown-like, adipose tissue (both of them, herein, referred as BAT) could constitute a therapeutic strategy to improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic health in obese populations. The high abundance of mitochondria and the exclusive presence of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) allow BAT to burn high levels of glucose and lipids and dissipate their energy as heat, thereby increasing energy expenditure. BAT in humans inversely correlates with body mass index, and "whitening" of brown fat tissue is observed in obese patients, rendering BAT dysfunctional (1). The molecular mechanisms contributing to obesity-linked BAT dysfunction, however, remain largely unknown. In this issue of Obesity, Fen et al. (2) might provide some new clues.


Introduction and overview, Sally Stewart. Part 1 The background issues: the pattern of EJVs in China 1979-1989, Nigel Campbell and Jingzhi Zhang industrial relations in joint ventures in China, Ng Sek-Hong sino-foreign joint ventures and governmental corruption, Brewer S. Stone inventing a legal tradition, Anne Carver. Part 2 Regional studies: joint ventures in a new Shanghai at Pudong, Lynn T. White III management experiences of firms with foreign investment in southern Guangdong, J. Thad Barnowe et al contracted enterprises with foreign investment - the case of Xiamen, Bei Zhao and Liping Deng the importance of joint ventures in the success of the Guangdong-Hong Kong economic miracle, David D. Stone. Part 3 National studies: Belgian equity joint ventures in China - theoretical considerations and evidence, Daniel Van Den Bulcke and Hai-Yan Zhang the performance of Hong Kong foreign subsidiaries in China, Michael Y. Hu and Haiyang Chen Japanses joint ventures in China - a profile analysis, Yu-Min Chou. Part 4 Managerial issues and options: managerial adaptation in Chinese and Hungarian strategic alliances with culturally distinct foreign partners, John Child et al managing Sino-Western joint ventures - localization of content, Erik J. de Bruijn and Xianfeng Jia joint ventures in the PRC - the countertrade and foreign exchange dimensions, Aspy P. Palia et al how to run a successful joint venture in China, Oded Shenkar and Mee-Kau Nyaw role perception and behaviour among Chinese managers in Sino-Western joint ventures, Ingmar Bjorkman. Part 5 The Chinese perspective: a look at some PRC views on joint ventures in China, Sally Stewart. Afterword - some future perspectives on joint ventures, John Frankenstein.


The Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids which are very closely related to transition probabilities, have been evaluated by the more reliable numerical integration procedure for the band systems B2Σ-X2Σ, C2Σ-X2Σ and F2Σ-X2Σ of astrophysical molecules strontium monohydride and strontium deuteride using an adequate potential. The Franck-Condon factors are more intense, particularly for the Δν = 0 bands, for all the systems examined here. Thus the bands of the molecules are expected to be present in sunspot spectra, SC-stars, cool M-giant stars and other prominent astrophysical sources.


ABSTRACT Science classrooms—and science textbooks—are proving to be challenging spaces for education that contradicts abstinence-only-until-marriage (AOUM) sex education. However, science educators can teach against this knowledge in a way that is critical of oppressive language. In fact, having explicit dialogue about gender identities and sexual orientation can help uncover oppressive cultural attitudes and help science educators challenge universal views of the human body. This article examines two narratives that use a pedagogic practice to help them teach in AOUM environments. The first narrative discusses personal experiences of the author as a science teacher and the dilemmas faced by including what I call a "sex box" in a life science class. The second narrative discusses an excerpt from a research study conducted with life science teachers in which a participant uses this same method. The purpose of this discussion is to help expose the science classroom as a place to have meaningful discussions, even with policies and cultures that do not support the discussion of safe sex for minority human sexualities.1 This article suggests future science teachers and present teachers alike can advocate for the incorporation of national standards that counteract overtly discriminatory policies.


A partial list of the soil-inhabiting mite fauna is provided for the Quezon National Park in Atimonan, and nearby areas in Pagbilao, Quezon Province, within the Southern Sierra Madre Mountains. The list is based mainly on ecological samplings in 2007-2008 but also includes published records of species collected since the late 1970s. The fauna of the two sites now amounts to 180 species distributed to the various suborders as follows: 18 Gamasida, 21 Actinedida, 1 Acaridida, and 140 Oribatida. Two oribatids are fully described as new to science, namely, Protoribates (Triaunguis) rigidus Corpuz-Raros & Lit (Protoribatidae) and Allozetes philippinensis Corpuz- Raros & Lit (Ceratozetidae). On the other hand, four other oribatids are diagnostically described as new records for the Philippines – Heptacarus plumosus (Hammer) (Lohmanniidae), Striatoppia lanceolatus Hammer (Oppiidae), Indoribates (Haplozetes) quadripilus (Berlese), and Protoribates (Triaunguius) seminudus (Hammer) (Protoribatidae). Key words: Acari, Ceratozetidae, Lohmanniidae, Oppiidae, Oribatida, Philippines, Protoribatidae, soil mites


Attractors for systems of differential equations or for dynamical systems are the sets to which the solutions of an equation or trajectories of a system are eventually attracted (after damping of transient processes). As a rule, to the condition of attraction one adds the conditions of strict invariance, minimality and compactness. The classical examples of attractors are equilibrium points or fixed points of maps, limit cycles or tori surfaces for quasiperiodic motion. In work [7] O.A. Ladyzenskaya proposed to investigate attractors as the basic object of the turbulence theory for evolution systems with dissipation and for equations of hydrodynamics, in particular. In that work she also proved existence and investigated properties of the global attractor for the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes system. The further study of this attractor was carried out by various authors (see [2, 13]). Research of the three-dimensional case was restricted by the difficulty that in this case existence of global in time strong solutions for the basic initial-boundary value problem and uniqueness of weak solutions of this problem are not proved till now. In this connection there was developed the theory of trajectory attractors (see e.g. [3, 9, 14]), which allows to construct a global attractor for various evolution equations without uniqueness of solutions of the corresponding Cauchy problem. In particular, there was proved existence of trajectory and global attractors for weak solutions of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes system. However, it turned out that this theory cannot be directly applied for the following boundary value problem for the autonomous motion equations of a viscoelastic medium with the Jeffreys constitutive law:


Forests provide significant social and economic benefits at all level, especially in developing countries. Economics of people living in forest has traditionally been dominated by subsistence agriculture. However, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) play vital role among the tribal people and provide a source of subsistence, income and livelihood security (Peters et al. 1989; Hegde et al.1996). The broad term "non-timber forest resources" (NTFR) or "non-timber forest products" (NTFP) refers to natural resources collected from forests apart from sawn timber. Chamberlain et al. (1998) provides a definition: non-timber forest products are plants, parts of plants, fungi, and other biological materials which are harvested from within and on the edges of natural, manipulated or disturbed forests. NTFP may include fungi, moss, lichen, herbs, vines, shrubs, or trees. Forest is an important renewable, natural resource, which greatly influences the socio-economic development in any rural community (Ghosal, 2011). NTFPs like fuel-wood, medicinal plants, wild edible vegetables, house building materials etc. are an integral part of day-to-day livelihood activities, especially for tribal people (Sarmah et al. 2006).


Surface electronic structure of ultrathin polar MnO film was studied by Low-energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and Photoemission Spectroscopic (PES) techniques. Epitaxial monolayer to facet formation with increasing film thickness has been observed by LEED. Our LEED result shows p(2x2) surface reconstruction along with facet formation, stabilize the polar MnO(111) surface. The core levels and the valence band electronic structure of MnO films have been studied as a function of film thickness using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy techniques.


I have read through this manuscript in detail. It presents a new experimental calibration of the three major Raman peaks of quartz with hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial differential stress. I believe this is a valuable contribute to the discussion on the variations of Raman shifts of quartz under an applied stress and strain. In this respect the experiments reported in this manuscript bring a useful contribute to the development of a methodology to assess the stress states of inclusions in their host minerals for mechanical thermobarometry applications. The possibility to use the differential stress of several inclusions in the same host to obtain independent constraints on the temperature of entrapment, even if suggested already in previous literature, is appealing. For this reason, a robust method to quantify the differential stress of inclusions with Raman spectroscopy would be extremely important in the field of petrology. However, I have some concerns about this manuscript which should be addressed by the authors. I believe that this work is suitable for publication in Solid Earth, provided that the following comments are addressed.


Since the introduction of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the amino acids by Rdhlmann and Giesecke (l), efforts have been made by several groups of researchers in attempts to use these derivatives for the quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the 20 protein amino acids. derivative is the one step derivatization procedure; whereas almost all other derivatives are formed by two or more reaction steps. Rdhlmann and Giesecke used hexamethyldisilazane and trimethylchlorosilane to obtain derivatives for most of the protein amino acids. Smith -et al. (2,3) made a study of the optimum silylation conditions for leucine, serine, and aspartic acid. They concluded that trimethylsilyldiethylamine with some kind of catalyst was the best silylation reagent. Trimethylsilyldimethylamine recently has been claimed to be The primary interest in the "MS


Background: Sialin is a clinically relevant lysosomal sialic acid exporter related to vesicular glutamate transporters and other SLC17 transporters. Results: Using synthetic sialic acid analogues, homology modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and virtual screening, we built and validated a three-dimensional model of sialin. Conclusion: The three-dimensional model successfully predicts small molecule binding to sialin. Significance: The model will help identifying pharmacological tools targeted to SLC17 transporters. Secondary active transporters from the SLC17 protein family are required for excitatory and purinergic synaptic transmission, sialic acid metabolism, and renal function, and several members are associated with inherited neurological or metabolic diseases. However, molecular tools to investigate their function or correct their genetic defects are limited or absent. Using structure-activity, homology modeling, molecular docking, and mutagenesis studies, we have located the substrate-binding site of sialin (SLC17A5), a lysosomal sialic acid exporter also recently implicated in exocytotic release of aspartate. Human sialin is defective in two inherited sialic acid storage diseases and is responsible for metabolic incorporation of the dietary nonhuman sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid. We built cytosol-open and lumen-open three-dimensional models of sialin based on weak, but significant, sequence similarity with the glycerol-3-phosphate and fucose permeases from Escherichia coli, respectively. Molecular docking of 31 synthetic sialic acid analogues to both models was consistent with inhibition studies. Narrowing the sialic acid-binding site in the cytosol-open state by two phenylalanine to tyrosine mutations abrogated recognition of the most active analogue without impairing neuraminic acid transport. Moreover, a pilot virtual high-throughput screening of the cytosol-open model could identify a pseudopeptide competitive inhibitor showing >100-fold higher affinity than the natural substrate. This validated model of human sialin and sialin-guided models of other SLC17 transporters should pave the way for the identification of inhibitors, glycoengineering tools, pharmacological chaperones, and fluorescent false neurotransmitters targeted to these proteins.


The availability of indoor positioning renders it possible to deploy location-based services in indoor spaces. Many such services will benefit from the efficient support for k nearest neighbor (kNN) queries over large populations of indoor moving objects. However, existing kNN techniques fall short in indoor spaces because these differ from Euclidean and spatial network spaces and because of the limited capabilities of indoor positioning technologies.
 To contend with indoor settings, we propose the new concept of minimal indoor walking distance (MIWD) along with algorithms and data structures for distance computing and storage; and we differentiate the states of indoor moving objects based on a positioning device deployment graph, utilize these states in effective object indexing structures, and capture the uncertainty of object locations. On these foundations, we study the probabilistic threshold kNN (PTkNN) query. Given a query location q and a probability threshold T, this query returns all subsets of k objects that have probability larger than T of containing the kNN query result of q. We propose a combination of three techniques for processing this query. The first uses the MIWD metric to prune objects that are too far away. The second uses fast probability estimates to prune unqualified objects and candidate result subsets. The third uses efficient probability evaluation for computing the final result on the remaining candidate subsets. An empirical study using both synthetic and real data shows that the techniques are efficient.


This article focuses on what Chinese authorities intend to accomplish politically and diplomatically in the Himalayan region through ""development in a peaceful environment"" and on how this policy could create ties between the Tibetan Autonomous Region and other Himalayan states and regions. It analyzes the Tibetan Autonomous Region's strategic position and its potential implications for Tibet, Tibetans, and their Himalayan neighbors.


Hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiO:H) was applied to the p-layer of a p-i-n single-junction a-Si solar cell. The boron-doped a-SiO:H film deposited by conventional glow discharge decomposition has excellent properties as compared with a-SiC:H. Applying this film to the p-layer, a conversion efficiency of 12.5% in a 1 cm/sup 2/ cell was attained.<<ETX>>


Flowers are one of the nature's most beautiful gifts to man. Their beauty and fragrance brings joy and happiness to our lives. In any garden, flowers in great variety are always the main attraction. Their colour combination, fragrance, and the skill with which they have been grown and displayed count a lot. Since time immemorial, flowers have been considered as the symbol of grace and elegance and a feast for our eyes. They are used on all religious and festive occasions. Flowers are used as birthday presents, wedding gifts, or while meeting ailing people and even at funerals. Most Hindu ladies adorn their hair style with flowers. "Veni", a special kind of hair decoration with flowers has been widely used in South India to decorate the long plaits of hair during dance recitals and at wedding ceremonies. All people irrespective of their ethnic origin, race, sex and cadre love flowers. It is for this reason that the Society of America Florists has adopted a slogan "say it with flowers".


First order rate constants of the reaction of a series of SH-, imidazole- and imidazole/SH-compounds with FDNB as well as their pH- and temperature dependence were determined. Some of the tested imidazole/SH-compounds exhibit a higher nucleophilic reactivity as is expected on the basis of their pKSH-values. This enhanced reactivity is caused by an activation of the SH-groups by a neighbouring imidazole residue. The pH-independent rate constants were calculated using the Lindley equation. The kinetics of DNP-transfer from DNP-imidazole to SH-compounds were investigated. The pH-dependence of the reaction displays a maximum curve. Donor in this reaction is the DNP-imidazolecation and acceptor the thiolate anion. The reaction rate of FDNB with imidazole derivatives is two to three orders of magnitude slower than with SH-compounds. No inter- or intra-molecular transfer of the DNP-residue from sulfure to imidazole takes place.


This article reports the results of a study undertaken by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation on the effectiveness of motorcycle helmets. The findings and data presented lead to the conclusion that helmets save lives and prevent head injuries. This conclusion, however, does not mandate reinstitution of the mandatory helmet law. Helmeted riders suffered head injuries in one out of four accidents. This indicates that an effective motorcycle safety program must concentrate on accident prevention. Such a program would involve educating and training of cyclists and other motorists as well.


On-board DC-DC converters are intended for providing various voltages for unique local consumption. Normally, these converters use readily available voltage distributed through the system or board, and the output voltage can be either higher or lower than the input bus voltage. This paper concentrates on the applications where the output requirements are for reasonably high current, lower voltage loads. Most suitable for that kind of application is the so-called "buck" type of switching regulator, where the input power is processed to obtain a train of pulses. The output voltage is derived from integrating the input power in an LC network. This paper is based on the analysis of a typical DC-DC "buck" converter with features strongly dependent on the line/load conditions. The affect of the control algorithm, various input line/load conditions and rise/fall time of the switching waveform on the EMC spectrum of the input noise generated by the converter is analyzed. The spectrum of the input ripple noise at different filtering conditions is compared to derive recommendations for a circuit board designer. The results of the experiments are applicable to any type of conversion topology of a DC-DC converter using pulsed input current.


Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) is an important hepatic uptake transporter that can transport a wide variety of endogenous compounds, including thyroid hormones and prostaglandin E2. Dysregulation of thyroid hormones and prostaglandin E2 plays a role in the development of hypertension, suggesting that SLCO1B1 might contribute to the aetiology of essential hypertension (EH). In this study, we selected five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the SLCO1B1 gene promoter or coding regions and performed a case‐control association study involving 731 unrelated Uyghur subjects, including 374 hypertensive and 357 normotensive individuals, to investigate the potential genetic contribution of SLCO1B1 to the aetiology of EH. Of the five polymorphisms, only one (i.e., rs4149014) showed correlation with EH. The minor allele of SNP rs4149014 at the SLCO1B1 promoter showed association with increased risk for EH (adjusted OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.36–2.60; P= 1.22 × 10−4). This study provides preliminary genetic evidence for the role of variant of SLCO1B1 in the susceptibility to human EH in Uyghurs.


To the Editor: At least six geneshavebeen found tobeassociated with familial Parkinson disease (PD) thus far and the first PD-associated mutation (Ala53Thr) was found in the a-synuclein (SNCA) gene (1). Because most families carrying theAla53Thrmutation have been found in Greek and Italian origin, the existence of a founder effect' has been suggested (2, 3). Although, two more mutations (Ala30Pro and Glu46Lys) were detected in German and Spanish PD families, respectively (4, 5), many other studies failed to detect any mutations in this gene indicating thatSNCA genemutations are quite rare (6–12). Here we report the first Korean PD family with the Ala53Thr mutation in the SNCA gene. The results of haplotype analysis showed that this mutation occurred on a new haplotype that was different from the Greek and Italian origin. A 37-year-old Korean man (II:4; Fig. 1) visited the movement disorder clinic complaining of progressive slowness and stiffness in the right limbs since the age of 35. A neurological examination showed parkinsonian symptoms including a masked face, hypophonic speech, bradykinesia and more severe rigidity in the right arm. There were no other neurological signs such as resting tremor and dystonia. The patient had an excellent response to levodopa for 2 years without motor complications. The family history showed that the mother of the proband (I:2) developed parkinsonism at the age of 63 years and died with pneumonia at the age of 67. She had similar


The goal of this thesis is to investigate whether it is possible to construct
an advanced measurement approach (AMA) model for operational
risk when the number of internal data points are very scarce.
An AMA model should combine internal data, external data, scenario
data, and business environment and internal control factors to give a
one year VaR estimate with 99.9 % confidence of operational risk. Out
of the methods of combining the different data sources suggested in the
literature, only the Bayesian inference approach is suitable due to the
small amount of data available. In order to not be restricted to suitable
conjugate-pairs, a numerical approach to evaluating the posterior
distributions is undertaken, and three different severity distributions
are tried out. The distributions tried are the Weibull; the generalized
Champernowne, which is suggested by the literature due to its
tail behavior; and the g-and-h, which is suggested by the literature
due to both its versatility and tail behavior. The conclusion of this
thesis is that it is possible to construct an AMA model with Poisson
loss frequencies using Bayesian inference to combine the different data
sources. However, the data material was too scarce to draw any reliable
conclusions about the severity distribution.


Virtual Reality technology is a hot research field in simulation of complex electromagnetic and its practical environment in the condition of information and high technology war. The paper discussed the main framework of spatial electromagnetic environment computing and simulating, presented realizing method and key arithmetic designing based on Virtual Reality Modeling Language. The work is evidently valuable for quantitative examinations, evaluation, and analysis of complex electromagnetic environment function, diversification, and effect on human beings, electronic units.


CCR is delighted to have won funding from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) to establish a ten year research programme, building on its activities over the last two years. The funding will pay for a rolling buyout of the UEA faculty centre members, allowing them to concentrate on Centre based research for uninterrupted periods of six months at a time with support from research assistants and administrative staff. Two postdoctoral positions will be created for new researchers in the area, establishing the Centre as a community of scholars from a variety of disciplines at various stages of their careers, including the lively, and rapidly growing, group of doctoral students already in this area at UEA.


As the continent of Africa came of age politically in the 1950's, delegates from twenty-two newly independent states arrived in Washington, DC and the United Nations capital, New York City ; the United States suddenly found itself faced with the challenge of reconciling the presence of dark-skinned diplomats on its soil with the segregationist social habits most States still condoned. Conversely however, it also became the State Department's duty to select and appoint US diplomats to these entirely Black capital cities.


The Potsdam group was involved in the link of the Hipparcos proper motion system to an extragalac-tic reference system. Absolute proper motions were derived from measurements of photographic plates taken mainly with the Tautenburg Schmidt telescope (134/200/400 cm). In 24 elds included in diierent Potsdam proper motion programmes and well distributed over the northern sky, 360 Hipparcos stars were measured. In each eld of about 10 square degrees a large number of galaxies was used for the link. Detailed investigations showed that the proper motion determination of bright stars is aaected by systematic magnitude dependent errors. Therefore, only the 256 stars with B 9:0 were used to determine the spin parameters of the Hipparcos system. The accuracy of our nal results is 0.5 mas/yr for all three spin parameters. The results are in good agreement with the VLBI link parameters and the synthesized solution by Kovalevsky et al. (1997).


Good manufacturing practices are procedures that must be adopted by food services to ensure the sanitary quality of foods and compliance with sanitary regulations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the storage conditions of dairy products commercialized in the city of Imperatriz - MA. We evaluated 10 supermarkets in the city center of Empress and observed that about half of the units evaluated had inadequate hygiene and poor condition, 60% of stockers dairy assessed say who never attended specific training in Good Food Manufacturing (GMP), 50% said they had knowledge of Foodborne illness (DVA), but 40% said work even when ill. Maintaining the quality of dairy products is directly linked to its storage form. In this sense it is important to apply the GMP's (Good Manufacturing Practices for Food) also in supermarkets in the city of Imperatriz-MA, giving greater attention to stockers dairy. KEYWORDS: Food. Warehousing. Quality.


Abstract This study develops the link between output and fiscal corruption risk in public–private partnership (PPP) schemes and the government bailout rate of non-performing loans (NPLs). The model assumes that corruption is widespread in such public investment programs. The objective functions of the government and PPP firms include fiscal corruption risk, given that the PPP firm and tax inspector can 'effectively' negotiate bribes. The model solves for the optimal country output (i.e., aggregate productivity) according to the Lagrange method. Long-term prospects are introduced to solve the problem with commercial banks, as most PPPs borrow from commercial banks. The results reaffirm that tax policy can exacerbate the country's output loss. Although the equilibria between aggregate productivity and the Laffer curve lack a direct link to fiscal corruption risk, their magnitude does and depends on the number of PPPs. The PPP transfer from the government in period 2 and the number of PPPs rather than government expenditure in period 1 and the Laffer curve (tax revenues) mainly determines the bailout rate of PPPs' NPLs. The article concludes with suggestions to prevent tax evasion and fiscal corruption risk in PPP schemes by using a cluster of cooperation, and recommends further research into cultural aspects.


Keywords: Qualification ; Mesure ; Resistivite ; SLS Note: Procedes de production Reference EPFL-STUDENT-153716 Record created on 2010-10-26, modified on 2016-08-08


The performance gain of cooperative communications depends heavily on the selection of relay. Most of existing relay selection methods aim at maximizing cooperative gain by selecting appropriate relay, without taking into account the adverse effect brought by cooperative communications: extra interferences introduced by relay transmission (called cooperation interference). Thus the derived performance gain could be inaccurate and/or the selected relay may be not optimal. In this paper, we address the assignment of relays for multiple communication sessions using cooperative communications in a wireless network. We first thoroughly investigate the adverse effect brought by using relays, and derive the cooperation gain with consideration of cooperation interference. Based on the insights of our investigation, we propose a method of assigning relays to individual transmission flows while taking into account cooperation interference in cooperative communications. In order to tradeoff the advantage and adverse effect caused by relay transmissions, we use an auction approach to address relay assignment of cooperative communications. Specifically, we propose a Single round double Auction Scheme (SAS) for centralized wireless network and a Multiple rounds sequential Auction Scheme (MAS) for decentralized wireless network for relay assignment. We conduct extensive simulation experiments to validate the effectiveness of SAS and MAS. The significance of the impact of cooperation interference, improvement of system throughput and energy efficiency are demonstrated by numerical results.


Objectives Consensus guidelines for perioperative anesthesia management during the COVID-19 pandemic recommend that patients wear a facemask in addition to their oxygen mask or nasal cannulae following tracheal extubation, where this is practical. The effects on effective oxygen delivery and ventilation of a surgical facemask under compared to over an oxygen (O2) mask are unclear. Design Single-center, comparative pilot study. Setting. Endoscopy procedure room at a major academic hospital. Subjects Five healthy anesthesiologists. Interventions. Using a carbon dioxide (CO2) sampling line positioned at the lips, the fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2), fraction of expiratory O2 (FeO2), expiratory end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), and respiratory rate (RR) were measured under the following conditions: (1) a surgical facemask only, (2) a surgical facemask under an O2 mask, (3) an O2 mask only, and (4) a surgical facemask over an O2 mask. Measurements and Main Results. The sampled fractional expired oxygen (FeO2) at the lips was significantly lower when the surgical facemask was under compared to when over the O2 mask (27.9± 1.68 vs. 49.9 ± 6.27, p = 0.001), while there was no significant difference in inspired oxygen (FiO2). The sampled expiratory EtCO2 was significantly higher when the surgical facemask was under the O2 mask compared to when over the O2 mask (28.3 ± 8.5 vs. 23.5 ± 7.6, p = 0.026). The RR was not significantly different when the surgical facemask was under compared to over the O2 mask. Conclusions Effective oxygen delivery and ventilation was reduced (lower FeO2 and increased EtCO2) when a surgical facemask was placed under compared to over an O2 mask.


Formwork removal from concrete has been conducted based on either the prescriptive requirement for ages of concrete or the performance requirement for strength development of concrete tested using in-situ cured specimen. Quality of concrete obtained with the former depends highly on environmental conditions and constituent material characters, and the latter generates concrete waste. To solve these problems, the smart sensor formwork system was developed, which can monitor the temperature and electrostatic capacity of concrete, and the installed angle of form. The concrete surface temperature history permits tracking, on site and in real time, of strength development of concrete. Plotting the strength data on the form layout drawing provides a visual display of the strength distribution which helps immediate assessment of locations lacking strength or reaching necessary strength. In these ways, the proposed smart sensor formwork system enables a new direction toward higher-level and more sophisticated quality control of concrete structures.


In the paper it is shown that differential equations describing an electromagnetic field in solid immovable media based on the vectors of intensities of electric or magnetic fields in most cases practically coincide with those based on the vector-potential of the electromagnetic field. This special feature essentially simplifies practical analysis, beginning with the determination of border conditions. The expressions for static and differential parameters of the medim are given.


particles interact through multi-particle collision events which take place at discrete time intervals. Between such collision events the particles undergo free streaming motion. The dynamics conserves mass, momentum and energy and yields the exact hydrodynamic equations of motion for the conserved fields on long distance and time scales. One may consider the dynamics of solute molecules in this mesoscopic solvent and because the solvent is described at an effective particle level the solute and solvent molecules interact through intermolecular forces rather than through boundary conditions. This leads to a hybrid description of the dynamics where solute molecules evolve by Newton's equations of motion but the solvent evolves through the multi-particle mesoscale dynamics. 2,3 Calculations of the diffusion and friction coefficients by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are well-studied problems that have been addressed many times. Nevertheless, the computation of the friction coefficient from MD simulations involves a number of subtle issues for finite-size systems as discussed in several recent papers. 4-6 The problems center around the definition of the friction coefficient in terms of the projected dynamics and its relation to the fixed-particle friction coefficient for a massive Brownian particle. The estimates of the friction coefficients have been shown to depend on the order in which the mass of the tracer and the solvent particle number N are taken to infinity. For finite-size systems one must investigate how large N must be to obtain a reliable estimate of the friction; this typically requires very large MD simulations. Similarly, the estimate of the diffusion coefficient from the velocity autocorrelation function requires large scale simulations, especially for large tracers, due to the importance of hydrodynamic contributions. In recent papers, 7-9 the friction and diffusion coefficients of a tracer in a Lennard- Jones (LJ) solvent were evaluated by equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations in a microcanonical ensemble. The solvent molecules of diameter σ1 interact with each other through a repulsive LJ force and the tracer of diameter σ2 interacts with the solvent molecules through the same repulsive LJ force except a different LJ size or diameter parameter. These works were motivated by determination of the diffusion (D) and friction (ζ) coefficients of the tracer in the thermodynamic limit (N→∞) and by test of the Stokes-Einstein (SE) formula: D =


"WHAT A FRIEND We Have in Jesus." Regardless of the sentimental notions that characterize this hymnic portrayal, the gospels clearly depict Jesus as a friend to the friendless: "the Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, 'Look, a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!"' (Matt ll:9//Luke 7:34). To such uncomplimentary appellations, Jesus responds, "Yet wisdom is vindicated by her deeds" It is no coincidence that wisdom, too, is considered "friend" in the most intimate sense (Prov 7:4). As the wisdom of God incarnate, Christ fully embodies divine friendship.


Angiogenesis is one of several processes that form new blood vessels in higher animals, but it has received the most research attention and popular interest due to its important roles in cancer and wound repair. During early embryogenesis, the first capillary networks form by a process known as vasculogenesis. Cells in the mesoderm differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and spontaneously connect to form a network of tubes known as a vascular plexus15. In contrast to angiogenesis, embryonic vasculogenesis occurs in the absence of blood flow. This primitive vascular network connects to primitive arteries and veins in the embryo, which establishes blood flow in the developing tissue. The directional flow is one signal that can promote differentiation of the vascular plexus into a hierarchical network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins16. This differentiation process is known as arteriogenesis. Arteriogenesis is also directed by growth factors released from growing nerves in the embryo, which results in the parallel organization of blood vessels and nerved noted by early anatomical studies17.

During later development and in adult tissues, angiogenesis plays a major role in new blood vessel formation. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from an existing perfused vessel bed. This occurs by sprouting of endothelial cells in the vessel wall, either arterial or venous vessels depending on the soluble factors present18,19, which degrade and invade through the underlying basement membrane barrier and then further invade through the underlying extracellular matrix. As the leading cell moves forward, following endothelial cells proliferate and differentiate to form a luminal space. The leading cell eventually finds another vessel, with which it fuses to establish a patent perfused vessel. Further cycles of this process accompanied by arteriogenesis produces a mature vascular network.

In addition to endothelial cells, mature blood vessels require supporting smooth muscle cells. During development, these can be recruited from mesenchymal stem cells or from bone-marrow-derived cells. Arterial vessels develop a thick layer of well organized vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to accommodate the greater hydrostatic pressure in the arterial vasculature. These arterial smooth muscle cells, as will be discussed in greater detail below, also play an important role in adjusting blood flow to specific tissues in response to changing metabolic needs. Veins also have well organized smooth muscle layers, but thinner than those in arteries. The VSMC in capillaries are known as pericytes. In contrast to large vessels, capillary endothelial tubes are not completely covered by pericytes. Rather, the pericytes play important roles in capillary stability and function by secreting factors that regulate endothelial cell function and through direct contact with the adjacent capillary endothelium20.

Due to the positive hydrostatic pressure in perfused vessels, a net flow of water, ions, and small solutes constantly occurs across the vessel wall. This is opposed by an osmotic gradient resulting from the lower macromolecular solute concentration in the interstitial space, but nonetheless, net fluid movement occurs from perfused vessels into the underlying tissue. To maintain a constant blood volume, higher animals have a second vascular network, the lymphatics, that return this fluid to the cardiovascular system21. Lymphatics are a blind ended tree of specialized vascular cells, which form by a process known as lymphangiogenesis.

It has recently become clear that angiogenesis is not the only mechanism responsible for neovascularization of tumors and wounds in the adult22. In adult tissues, vasculogenesis is mediated by recruitment of circulating endothelial precursor cells that differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. These along with specialized monocytic stem cells cooperate to form new vessels at sites of injury and in some cancers. The relative contribution of angiogenesis versus vasculogenesis to tumor neovascularization is currently being actively debated, but it is clear that some tumors depend significantly on bone marrow precursor recruitment, whereas this plays a minimal role in others23,24. Likewise, the role of lymphangiogenesis in tumor growth appears to be quite variable, with a subset of tumors being highly dependent on this process25.

This review focuses on the role of redox signaling in angiogenesis and angiogenesis inhibition, but the reader should remain aware that some proangiogenic factors can stimulate vasculogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and arteriogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Correspondingly, angiogenesis inhibitors can often inhibit more than one of these processes. Therefore, the redox signaling pathways discussed here have been initially defined and are best understood in the context of angiogenesis, but their true function may be more general.


The forward and inverse wavelet transform using the continuous Morlet basis may be symmetrized by using an appropriate normalization factor. The loss of response due to wavelet truncation is addressed through a renormalization of the wavelet based on power. The spectral density has physical units which may be related to the squared amplitude of the signal, as do its margins the mean wavelet power and the integrated instant power, giving a quantitative estimate of the power density with temporal resolution. Deconvolution with the wavelet response matrix reduces the spectral leakage and produces an enhanced wavelet spectrum providing maximum resolution of the harmonic content of a signal. Applications to data analysis are discussed.


One role of counselors and educators is to use assessment in the service of students and clients by monitoring educational progress and ensuring that learning is taking place. Under the right conditions and with proper use, employing technology to foster assessment practices can introduce helpful and productive efficiencies into the educational process. The use of technology as a tool for testing and assessment is the predominant focus of this chapter. It is proposed that to make proper and maximal use of technology tools for assessment, educators will need to: understand the advantages and pitfalls of technology use, particularly as they relate to the use of assessment tools with clients and students; follow the assessment standards and policies of applicable professional associations; use the best practices suggested in this chapter; and stay updated in topics related to assessment and technology. (Contains 41 references.) (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the ori inal document. Harnessing the Power of Technology: Testing and Assessment Applications


ABSK RACT. A filter F on a space S is completely regular if the complement of each set in F is completely separated from some set in F. A characterization of the Stone-Cech compactification due to Alexandroff is used to establish the following theorem. Suppose K is a subspace of a Tychonoff space S. K is C*-embedded in S if and only if the trace on Kof every maximal completely regular filter on S intersecting K is maximal completely regular on K. A similar characterization of the C-embedded subsets of a Tychonoff space is obtained as are several related results.


Mites are not insects; they are in the biological class Arachnida, with spiders and scorpions. They live in almost all habitats including ocean floors, deserts, hot springs, deep soil, mountaintops, and tundra. Most are predatory or parasitic on other animals, including hu mans, with only a few feeding on plants. Over 30,000 different mites and ticks have been described, and thou sands remain undescribed. Unlike insects, which have six legs and three body parts, adult mites have eight legs and two body parts. The front of the body that includes the feeding structure is called a gnathosoma. Most mites that feed on plants are very small. A microscope is required to see and iden tify them. They damage plants by sucking the contents of individual plant cells.


A fuel cell system (100) having a fuel cell (11) generated by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas electricity, and a control section (50) that determines whether a hydrogen leak is present. The control section has a starting means for starting the fuel cell by increasing the voltage of the fuel cell from a starting voltage to an operating voltage, which is lower than an open circuit voltage, and leak determination means for determining whether a fuel gas leak is present, before the voltage of the fuel cell reaches the operating voltage when the fuel cell is started.


Three important books authored by CRP faculty were pub lished in the first half of 2012. These included Dr. Umut Toker's book on Community Design, Dr. Michael Boswell and Dr. Adri ene Greve's book on Climate Action Planning, and Mike Multari's book on Municipal Finance. They will have broad impact on professional practice and we look forward to seeing them in the hands of planning professionals around the nation. The Lisbon summer studio efforts were translated into a monograph that is getting ed ucators' attention. Faculty made presentations at both the State and National APA conferenc es, which brought attention to work that has drawn on activities in our classes. We had some excellent brown-bag presentations by visiting practitioners and scholars. And our team won the Bank of America Affordable Housing Chal lenge a second year in a row. Clearly, there was much to occupy our time and attention!


Digitalization changes the world calling also for major adjustments of industrial branches. Networking is an essential feature of this change. Prominent initiatives such as the "Internet of Things" or "Factories of the Future" are evident results thereof and stimulate innovations and product improvement. Most of these concepts include mechatronic systems as indispensable parts. They request strong mutual interaction between these systems and with adjacent (digital, human, etc.) environments. Following nature's example, we propose to bring mechatronic systems into mutual, beneficial interrelations with their interacting partners, which can be such diverse things as a press brake, a digital twin or a human user. This partnership resembles an "organism" for which symbiosis may serve as a principle that will open new potential benefits for complex technical systems.


From aspects of the social environment,ecological environment,environmental pollution,and engineering's geological and hydrographic influence,etc.,this paper expounds the necessity of the environmental protection in the construction of the highway,and in the light of the environmental problems in each stage of the construction of the highway,puts forward some corresponding measures for the environmental protection and some suggestions on strengthening the environmental management of the highway.


This article discusses the problem of categorizing the polities and social formations of steppe pastoral nomads in Central Asia in comparative and civilizational perspective and placing complex pastoral society within a general scheme of cultural evolution. It also discusses the role that these societies played in the emergence of a larger Eurasian world-system.


Hijab Alila's account is one of the online media that actively interprets the of the Qur'an in an audiovisual. One form of interpretation is the discourse of religious tolerance which is correlated with QS. al-Kafirun. However, in general, this interpretation cannot be separated from certain interests. This study is intended to explore these interests. By using van Dijk's critical discourse analysis approach which focuses on the social dimension, this research finds: first, the interpretation of Alila's Hijab account on QS. al-Kafirun as part of the discourse on religious tolerance tends to be only translating and seems simplification of something that is in fact complex. Second, Hijab Alila has a power relationship that is able to influence the production of netizens' interpretations regarding the discourse of religious tolerance, through the interpretation of QS. the al-Kafirun. More than that, this cannot be separated from the figure of Felix Siauw as an ustaz or activist of the Indonesian Hizbut Tahrir movement. As a result, Hijab Alila is able to control the condition of the netizens' beliefs, mentality, behavior and knowledge. Third, social media makes it easier for Hijab Alila to gain access to influence. In this case, it uses followers as an ideological mouthpiece. These followers will re-share Alila's Hijab uploads on their social media networks.


This report contains the results from a visual inspection of 1097 broken freight car couplers, knuckle and yoke components collected by five railroads during a thirty day period. The sample was collected as part of a joint AAR-Railroad program, just prior to the start of this joint RPI-AAR Railroad Coupler Safety Research and Test Project, to initially determine the approximate extent and character of current failures in couplers, knuckles and yokes. The result of this inspection, when combined with current population data, do not permit the determination of failure rate for the various components because the proportion of the total industry failures represented by the sample is indeterminate and the sample is, for most components, too small to provide the desired reliability. The results from this inspection will, however, supply valuable insight required to determine the necessary procedures, data and sample size to achieve the project objective.


This chapter examines the ways in which the parents interviewed use the logic and rhetoric of the school choice movement to talk about their search for alternatives to their local public schools when they see an incompatibility between what they think their children need out of their education, and what schools are providing. The school choice model, which is the outcome of neoliberal education reform, has, ironically, resulted in increased standardization of schools, with a corresponding decrease in individual and collective efficacy of teachers to advocate for their students. The author argues that these twin trends, when combined with the increased pressure for mothers to manage the individual needs of their children, effectively pit motherhood and public schools against each other. Mothers feel forced to take an oppositional stance toward public school to ensure that their children's needs are met. When these needs are not met, the responsibility falls on the mother, not the school, to find an alternative solution. These narratives reveal how some mothers feel pushed into homeschooling, seeing it as a "choice" that they were forced into when faced with a lack of alternatives.


Objective To investigate the effect of allgeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for β-thalassemia major. Methods Twenty-four β-thalassemia major patients with median age of 4 years (range: 2~15 years), 18 boys and 6 girls, received allo-HSCT.They were classified into class Ⅱ-Ⅲ according to Pesaro thalassemia classification. Twenty-three transplantations were from sibling donor and 1 was from mother, either HLA-identical (n = 23) or HLA-mismatched (5/6) (n = 1). Fifteen patients received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) plus peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), and 9 were subjected to umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). The conditioning regimen consisted of busalphan, cyclophosphamide,fludarabine, plus hydroxyurea before transplantation. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included CsA, methotrexate, antilymphpcute globulin, and mycophenolate mofetil. The median follow-up period was 13 months (range: 3~69). Results Of 24 patients, there were 21 cases (87. 5 %) of disease-free survival, 1 (4. 2 %) transplantation-related death, and 2 cases (8. 3 %) of rejection. Three-year overall survival and disease-free survival rate was 91.7 % and 87. 5 %respectively. The cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ -Ⅳ acute GVHD and chronic GVHD was 16. 7 %and 20. 3 %, particularly cumulative extensive chronic GVHD was 5. 0 %. Conclusion The sibling donor BMT plus PBSCT is an effective and safe way to treat β-thalassemia major. Cord blood is an important source of hematopoietic stem cells for HSCT. The protocol GVHD prophylaxis of CsA,MTX, ATG with a low-dose and short course of MMF can effectively reduce the incidence of severe acute GVHD, improve the outcome of thalassemia transplantation.

Key words:
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Allogene;  Thalassemia;  Treatment outcome


Several examples of pairs of isospectral planar domains have been produced in the two-dimensional Euclidean space by various methods. We show that all these examples rely on the symmetry between points and blocks in finite projective spaces; from the properties of these spaces, one can derive a relation between Green's functions as well as a relation between diffractive orbits in isospectral billiards.


The invention relates to a charge pump circuit and electronic equipment. The charge pump circuit comprises an input node, an output node, at least one capacitor, an over-current detection circuit, a control circuit, an over-voltage detection circuit and a driving circuit. The over-current detection circuit is used for outputting over-current detection signals. The control circuit is used for outputting current-limiting control signals. The over-voltage detection circuit is used for outputting over-voltage detection signals. The driving circuit is used for current limiting for the current passing through the capacitor based on the current-limiting control signals when the current-limiting control signals are current-limiting signals, and the driving circuit is used for controlling the state of the capacitor to be a charging phase stage when the over-voltage detection signals are over-voltage signals. According to the charge pump circuit and the electronic equipment, power supply conversion efficiency of the charge pump circuit can be improved, and driving capacity of the circuit is enhanced.


Study of pedestrian motion can be done by various means, like; empirical observation, conduction of controlled experiments as well as by developing pedestrian dynamics models. All these different sorts of studies are dependent on pedestrian fundamental diagrams to a great extent. So, in this thesis it is aimed at studying pedestrian flow at fundamental level. But because of a lot complexities and stochasticities involved in pedestrian flow systems, it is not possible to study pedestrian flow fundamentals completely in unbiased way. Literature on pedestrian flow studies also supports the fact, yielding wide varying fundamental diagrams by various researchers. So, in this study efforts are made to avoid all sorts of disturbing influences on the basic study of pedestrian flow. In a similar earlier study, pedestrian fundamental diagrams of two widely varied cultures namely, Indian and German are compared statistically and significant differences were found. Motivated by that study, in this thesis it is targeted to see whether these differences are diluted in less varied cultures. To do this, two cultures are chosen; from two places far distance apart within India, namely, Kanpur and Rourkela. In addition, also, in the same thesis work, it is aimed at observing whether pedestrian fundamental diagram is different between subjects of same gender and a mix of male and female pedestrians in alternate positions. To nullify the disturbing factor, like, pedestrians moving side by side, overtaking, tail-back-effect, etc., a very simple pedestrian flow system is used in which pedestrians move in a single file under closed boundary condition. In this study, it is found that; fundamental diagram from Rourkela is significantly different than that from Kanpur. Similar is the case for the other set of experiment, i.e., fundamental diagram between same gender pedestrians and mixed gender pedestrians are also significantly different.


In this paper it is proposed that the future teaching of Human- Computer Interaction will have to consider complexity in a more proactive way than has been the traditional view. The emergence of more and more complex systems that are not specifically co- designed, but where the components are still meant to operate in the same context or under similar conditions puts a new aspect on interface design. The inability to use technology emerges as a new type of accessibility problem in the modern world. In the paper concrete examples of this problem are presented, as well as a discussion on the effects, both on the individual level and on society as a whole. The central statement in this paper is that Education in Human- Computer Interaction needs to start adding these more general complexity issues as part of the curriculum. The mind set of Computer Science and Human-Computer Interaction students needs to change in order to incorporate also technically connected complex systems, that are conceptually disparate or loosely coupled.


The invention discloses a human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor freeze-dried powder injection for injection. The human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor freeze-dried powder injection is prepared from the following components: a therapy dose of human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, mannitol, a citrate buffer agent and tween 80. The human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor freeze-dried powder injection does not contain human serum albumin, does not contain an amino acid stabilizer, can be stored under the conditions of room temperature, high temperature, high humidity and illumination, and especially can be stored in the storage environment with repeated and changeable temperature.


The present article aims at analyzing today's approach to school knowledge about the teaching of Argentinian recent history. We will be using different components of 'school culture' as sources: the curricular design of 6th year, textbooks, interviews and surveys to secondary school teachers. Considering the great variety of didactic materials available, by describing some of the ones used in history classrooms, the idea is to show the multiple voices, stories and references which coexist there. Taking this into account, it will be demonstrated that school knowledge, historically associated to academic historiography, is made up of diverse knowledge and narratives.Keywords


Reversions from democratic to undemocratic regimes have often occurred historically and continue to occur frequently. Both increases in categorical inequality across a regime's subject population and declines in the insulation of public politics from categorical inequality tend to de-democratize regimes. A general account of democratization and de-democratization yields a series of conjectures concerning the processes by which changes in categorical inequality threaten democracy.


Abstract : The response of a generic shell structure to electron beam excitation is modeled analytically by use of finite difference codes. Good agreement between model predictions and experimental data for the deformation of a cylindrical shell was obtained for a specific assumed circumferential variation of electron beam fluence. Consideration is given to the potential of a large scale electron beam facility to serve as a simulator for x-ray loading of structures. (Author)


Textile industry is the most important sector of one's nation for the development of country and economy. The growth of economy depends on the progression of the textile industry. Textile industries of India are also contributing a major role in Indian economy. It contains domains like weaving, processing, spinning and garments etc. Punjab is the leading state among all in textile production in the country and it is a home for textile companies like Vardhman, SEL & Winsome, Nahar and Trident etc. This sector contributes a large part in Gross domestic Product and development of economy of India i.e. 19% of the total industrial production and 38% of the total exports. This study provides a detail contribution model of textile industry in the progression of economy. This study provides a detail of textile parks in India, opportunities to this industry, highlights of this sector of past years and its contribution in economic development of India.


The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has had a Maintenance Quality Assurance (MQA) program in place since 1999 to evaluate the effectiveness of maintenance activities. Like many states with MQA programs, KDOT samples a portion of their facility in the fall of each year. Specifically, KDOT samples thirty 0.1 mile inspection sites in each of the state's 112 maintenance subareas in October of each year. KDOT subareas were originally established so that each would have approximately equal roadway miles, allowing similar workloads for such maintenance activities as snow removal and sign maintenance. The purpose of this project was to conduct a review of KDOT's MQA program and make recommendations to ensure there was adequate representation for each class of roadway in the state network. A representative sampling of each class would allow independent analysis of the various classes and could be used to answer questions such as: "How well are the Kansas Interstates maintained?" Maintenance managers could also use the results as a planning tool to identify areas where maintenance efforts were ineffective compared to expectations, providing information on how to prioritize maintenance needs for the next maintenance season. The case of the MQA data for the state of Kansas is a good example of why modeling is used to solve complex problems: it is impractical - if not impossible - to know all of the various maintenance ratings on each element in each of over 100,000 possible inspection sites. Developing a model using average values was not practical, as each rated element is supposed to be given either a 0 or a 1; an average value (say 0.85 or 0.7) would make no sense in this context. In the final result, the model developed included 108,247 possible inspection sites, which is slightly more than KDOT's number used in the past few years. The total number of inspection sites that could have been selected varies slightly from year to year because sections of roadway that are under construction and also those sections that are maintained by cities (i.e., outside of KDOT maintenance activities) are removed from possible selection. There are several unanswered questions regarding ways that the KDOT MQA could be modified. One question raised by KDOT pertained to the examination of rare elements such as certain drainage structures only found in certain areas of the state. As the process used to populate the model assigned elements across the virtual network randomly, elements that were concentrated in certain areas of the state were not correctly represented. If the model population process was modified so that individual elements were allocated randomly based on smaller geographic areas (such as districts, areas, or subareas) it might be possible to further increase the validity of the results of individual elements. Finally, there have been questions raised regarding the ability of the MQA data collection to evaluate locations smaller than the state level. For example, could the MQA data be used to evaluate the maintenance efficacy on district, area, or even subarea compared to others? Because the algorithm used to populate the virtual network did not account for these geographic boundaries this was a question that could not be adequately researched. However, if the algorithm were updated to fill in inspection sites with data representative to the geographic unit in question (district, area, subarea) then this distinction could be made. However, as with any statistical procedure, the results should be used with caution due to the reduction in sample size.