The automotive component industry in India is around two-thirds the size of the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) segment and this proportion is around one to two times in mature markets like Europe, America and Japan. To face the competition, most of the automotive component manufacturing organizations including Indian companies have turned to 'Kaizen Events' in the process of lean initiatives and continuous improvement to gain the benefits. This research studied the impact of Kaizen events on perceived employee performance and examined the relationships between Kaizen Event Indicators (KEI) and Perceived Employee Performance Indicators (PEPI) in Indian automotive component manufacturing organizations. The term perceived employee performance (PEP) is an important element in the process of effective Kaizen event implementation. Many organizational problems are related to employee performance, and successful implementation of Kaizen events is perceived to be dependent on employee performance of the organization.


In the context of protection of Human rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights is the Highest Tribunal that fights for the promotion of those contained in the American Convention on Human Rights.

"Francisco Suarez S.J." competition is intended to raise consciousness and awareness of Iberamerican's University Students, through the investigation, analysis and criticism based on a hypothetic case related to International Rights and specifically of the Inter- American System of protection of Human Rights.
This paper is the answer to the complaint made by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in which it made the State of "Astoria" responsible of certain violations to Human Rights due to the establishment of a nuclear power plant. The violations consist in rights like: right to a worthy life, freedom of movement and residency, protection of family rights, etc. The State will demonstrate that it hasn't violated any right and that it has fulfilled all its obligations in matters of Human Rights.


The SKA will be a state of the art radiotelescope optimized for both large area surveys as well as for deep pointed observations. In this paper we analyze the impact that the SKA will have on Galactic studies, starting from the immense legacy value of the all-sky survey proposed by the continuum SWG but also presenting some areas of Galactic Science that particularly benefit from SKA observations both surveys and pointed. The planned all-sky survey will be characterized by unique spatial resolution, sensitivity and survey speed, providing us with a wide-field atlas of the Galactic continuum emission. Synergies with existing, current and planned radio Galactic Plane surveys will be discussed. SKA will give the opportunity to create a sensitive catalog of discrete Galactic radio sources, most of them representing the interaction of stars at various stages of their evolution with the environment: complete census of all stage of HII regions evolution; complete census of late stages of stellar evolution such as PNe and SNRs; detection of stellar winds, thermal jets, Symbiotic systems, Chemically Peculiar and dMe stars, active binary systems in both flaring and quiescent states. Coherent emission events like Cyclotron Maser in the magnetospheres of different classes of stars can be detected. Pointed, deep observations will allow new insights into the physics of the coronae and plasma processes in active stellar systems and single stars, enabling the detection of flaring activity in larger stellar population for a better comprehension of the mechanism of energy release in the atmospheres of stars with different masses and age.


The efficacy of 3-aminocoumarin on bioenergetic transformation of molasses pollutant to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM2086 has been assessed. It has been found that the coumarin i.e 3-aminocoumarin under trial has stimulatory effect on bioenergetic transformation of molasses pollutant to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM2086 and enhances the yield of ethanol to an extent of 9.10652% higher in comparison to control fermentor flasks i.e, 6.35ml/100ml in 46 hours of optimum incubation period 4.8 pH and 320C temperature with 16% (W/V) molasses solution (


Data and information integration remains a major challenge for our modern information-driven society whereby people and organizations often have to deal with large data volumes coming from semantically heterogeneous sources featuring significant variety between them. In this context, data integration aims to provide a unified view over data residing at different sources through a global schema, which can be formalized as an ontology. From the end-users perspective, the data integration problem can be seen as a data access problem whereby the emphasis is on how such a unified view should help the nontechnical endusers in accessing the data from such heterogeneous sources. Early efforts to solve these problems led to a number of relational database integration approaches which have been very useful in specific situations. Unfortunately, they still require very significant manual efforts in creating and maintaining the mappings between the global and local schema, as the resulting integrations are often rigid and not transferable to new application scenarios without investing even more human expert resources, and furthermore, the global schema expressivity is limited which makes it difficult for the end-users to pose ad-hoc queries for their information needs. Ontology design patterns have been conceived as modular and reusable building blocks for ontology modeling. We argue that a principled use of ontology design patterns also improve large-scale data integration under heterogeneity, as compared to the use of a monolithic ontology as global schema. In particular, the adoption of ontology design patterns can simplify several key aspects of the ontology application life cycle, including knowledge acquisition from experts, collaborative modeling and updates, incorporation of different perspectives, data-model alignment, and social barriers to adoption. We report on recent progress we have made with this approach as part of our work on improving data discovery in the Earth Sciences, and point out key challenges on the road ahead. Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation awards 1017225 III: Small: TROn – Tractable Reasoning with Ontologies, 1354778 EAGER: Collaborative Research: EarthCube Building Blocks, Leveraging Semantics and Linked Data for Geoscience Data Sharing and Discovery


TO THE EDITOR: In August 2008, the Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) published one of the first clinical series reporting results of bevacizumab-based therapy for recurrent glioblastoma1,3,5 (Ali SA, McHayleh WM, Ahmad A, et al: Bevacizumab and irinotecan therapy in glioblastoma multiforme: a series of 13 cases. J Neurosurg 109:268–272, August 2008).1 In those early days, the optimal bevacizumab dosage in this indication was still uncertain, and physicians proceeded cautiously, especially in real-world practice. Consequently, some initially dosed bevacizumab at 5 mg/kg fortnightly, as Virginia Stark-Vance had in her seminal study;7 they subsequently raised the dose to 10 mg as data from larger Phase II clinical trials accrued.1,2,4–8 However, while researching the topic, I was puzzled that the aforementioned JNS paper by Ali et al. reported bevacizumab being dosed at 5 mg or 10 mg per square meter (m2) every 2 weeks,1 rather than per kilogram (kg) body weight, as is standard and labelled (https://www.gene.com/download/ pdf/avastin_prescribing.pdf). It is surely an elusive typographic error; nevertheless, it would be worthwhile publishing a formal erratum, not only to correct the scientific record, but also to avoid potential confusion or inadvertent propagation by other non-experts besides myself who refer to that paper.


The methods of equilibrium membrane dialysis were employed to determine the molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic matters in the sediment of the Dianchi Lake.Ion selective electrode(ISE) and spectroscopy technology were applied to analyze spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM) with different molecular weights and the interaction with Cu and Pb,as well as explore the effect of molecular weight on the interaction between heavy metals and DOM.Results indicated that Caohai DOM was dominated with the molecular weight between 3.5 and 5.0 ku,while Waihai DOM was dominated with the molecular weight between 0.5 and 2.0 ku.Overall,the molecular weights of DOM for Caohai were higher than that in Waihai.The UV absorption ratio values(A3/A4) of the various molecular weight DOM,characterizing the humification degree,aromatic structure,ranged from 1.57 to 6.00,and the degree of humification and aromaticity of DOM increased with the molecular weights increased.The ISE results and 3DEEM spectral characteristics showed that Cu was mainly combined with DOM fraction with molecular weights from 2.0 to 3.5 ku;Pb tended to be associated with low molecular weight(≤0.5 ku) DOMs.Complexing capacity and distribution coefficients(Kd) were used to estimate the capability of Cu and Pb associated with DOM between the dissolved and the associated phases.The results indicated that,the combined Cu was maximal in the DOM with molecular weight of 2.0-3.5 ku,717.65 and 340.27 mg/g in Caohai and Waihai,respectively;and the combined Pb was maximal in lower molecular weight DOM(≤0.5 ku),2988.84 and 5073.45 mg/g in Caohai and Waihai,respectively.


The dynamics of gaseous stars can be described by the EulerPoisson system. Inspired by Rein's stability result for γ > 4 3 , we prove the nonlinear instability of steady states for the adiabatic exponent γ = 6 5 in spherically symmetric and isentropic motion.


In this paper we study nonlinear autonomous retarded functional differential equations; that is, functional equations where the time derivative may depend on the past values of the variables. When the nonlinearities in such equations are comprised of elementary functions, we give a constructive proof of the existence of an embedding of the original coordinates yielding a polynomial differential equation. This embedding is a topological conjugacy between the semi-flow of the original differential equation and the semi-flow of the auxiliary polynomial differential equation. Further dynamical features are investigated; notably, for an equilibrium or a periodic orbit and its embedded counterpart, the stable and unstable eigenvalues have the same algebraic and geometric multiplicity.


Numerical modeling of PETN initiation has been carried out by an electron pulse. A system of the equations of unbound thermoelasticity has been solved. An implicit difference circuit was used. Experimental distribution of absorbed energy density of an electron beam was approximated by a third degree polynom. Phase transition (PETN fusion) and the dependence of activation energy of an exothermic reaction from mechanical pressure were taken into account. Distributions of temperature, pressure, deformation, displacement of particles, and the dynamics of an acoustic pulse of compression – stretching were calculated.


Salt and brackish water marshes are integral parts of the coastal ecosystem, performing important nutrient cycling and hydrologic functions as well as providing habitat and breeding grounds for many coastal species. As human populations in coastal areas increase, so does the need for an improved and more extensive infrastructure including bridging across estuaries and marshes when building roads. Very little research has been conducted to quantify the effects of shading on marsh function and productivity, and to determine the amount of mitigation that should be required to offset these effects. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of bridge height and width on marsh productivity and function by directly assessing light attenuation under bridges, determining the effects of shading on the dominant salt marsh species, and comparing benthic invertebrate communities beneath seven highway bridges with marshes outside of bridge-affected areas (reference marshes). Photosynthetically available light was measured. Plant samples were clipped, dried and weighed to determine above ground biomass, average stem height, number of stems, number of flowers, and basal area. Soil cores were taken to a depth of 30 cm to determine soil carbon, nitrogen, and below-ground biomass. Both bridge height and width influenced the degree to which shading by bridges affected the underlying vegetation. All plant variables measured showed a strong bridge effect at height-to-width (HW) ratios less than 0.5 and light attenuation less than 250 umol mˉ²sˉ¹ under the bridges. At a HW ratio of 0.68 bridge effects were still detected, although it was greatly diminished. Of thirty-two comparisons between areas under and outside the influence of bridges having HW ratios greater than 0.7, only four significant differences were detected. Regression analyis showed a clear correlation between secondary productivtiy and bridge HW ratio, (r²=.95). Low bridges, with HW ratios of <0.7 and light attenuation <260 mol mˉ²sˉ¹ (photosynthetic photon flux units), had benthic invertebrate densities and diversity that were significantly lower than reference marshes. Density of benthic invertebrates at low bridges was 25-52% (29,685-72,920 organisms/m²) of densities measured in adjacent reference marshes (119,329-173,351 organisms/m²). Likewise, there were fewer taxa under low bridges (5.8/11.35 cm² core) as compared to the reference marshes (9.0/11.35 cm² core). Density of numerically dominant taxa (oligochaetes, nematodes) as well as surface- and subsurface deposit feeders also were reduced by shading of low bridges. Decreased invertebrate density and diversity beneath low bridges was attributed to diminished above- and below-ground macrophyte biomass that presumably resulted in fewer food resources and available refuges from predators. Data indicates that shading by bridges having HW ratios above 0.7 do not adversely impact the productivity or function of the underlying marsh and may not require compensatory mitigation.


In the work experimental research on the raw basis of heater is given. Are indicated the parameters of heat treatment, at which is attained the minimum the value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity


The experiment was conducted in a field in Al-Dagharah distract which followed to Al-Diwanyah province during the autumn season 2017-2018 to study the effect of planting dates and the levels of NPK fertilizer and its interaction on some vegetative and fruits characters of Foeniculum vulgare L., the experiment including two factors the first factor the planting dates are represented by four dates (1\11, 15\11, 30\11, 12\15) respectively, whereas the second factor included four levels of the NPK fertilizers N0 P0 K0), (N60 P50 K30 ), (N90 P75 K45) and (N120 P100 K60) Kg H -1 respectively, Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in this experiment according to Split –plot design as the dates were put in the main plots and the fertilizers were put in the subplots and with three replicates, the results were statistically analyzed by using the least significant differences (L.S.D) at probability level ( p≤0.05), some of the characters were studied as the plant height , the fresh and dry weight of the total vegetative growth, the fresh and dry weight of the root, the number of clusters, the number of fruits, weight of fruits, weight of 1000 fruit and the yield of hectare from fruits Kg H. the results showed that the planting of Fennel plant in the first date 1\11 resulted toincrease in all studied vegetative and fruits characters as compared with plants which planting at fourth date 15\12, also there was significant exceeding of the plants which fertilized by the higher level N120 P100 K60 in the all studied characters as compared with control treatment.


This investigation reports three damping peaks in V caused by dislocation motion constrained by several types of atmospheres. Deformed wires of pure V showed a well-known damping peak called the α-peak. This peak is presumed to be caused by depinning of dislocations by an oscillatory stress. Increases in immobile oxygen or nitrogen atoms gradually suppress the peak. Hydrogen, which forms a mobile atmosphere, produces two additional peaks of the Snoek-Koster type. These latter peaks can result from either externally imposed deformation or from internal deformation produced by misfit of precipitated hydrides.


Under the guidance of all-sided historic city conservation, Suzhou Conservation Planning has to coordinate the relationship among protection, utilization and development. The paper argues that while dedicated to all-sided conservation and rational utilization, Suzhou Conservation Planning should pay special attention to specialized protection, effective utilization, characteristic development and coordinated development. The Planning has established an integrated "threedimensional" conservation system and innovatively proposed the concepts of noumenon conservation and system conservation, in the hope to actively guide the development of traditional industries, to reasonably optimize the population within the ancient city, to improve the safeguard mechanism and to systematically establish an archive for historical and cultural information. Through conservation and utilization of historic city, it is expected to promote the sustainability of Suzhou and to adapt the city to new transformations.


Environmental Social Responsibility (ESR) is a notion, where business integrates environmental concerns in their operations and the interaction with stakeholders, without compromising profit. To this day, ESR studies are limited to areas of ethics, society and employees while literature is blunt on its impact on societies, consumer behaviour and governments. SMEs in developing countries are not spared their approach to ESR as a sustainability strategy. SMEs' approach seems to digress from leverage on loyalty which emanates from their nearness to communities who in turn are potential customers. This paper takes a closer look at SMEs' approach to ESR driven by SME business owners' perception towards ESR. The paper will take account of SMEs' behavioural response towards ESR and establish whether they regard ESR a strategic sustainability approach with long-term positive bottom-line benefits.
Results were attained through assessing perceptions of SMEs towards ESR; assessing impact practice of ESR by SMEs; exploring factors that undermining practise of ESR by SMEs. A mixed approach was adopted where data was obtained using face to face interviews. Results showed that the majority of SME business owners had a negative approach towards the practice of ESR. SMEs believe ESR was mainly for large corporations since their operations were hideously affecting the environment. As new knowledge, recommendations from this paper will be shared with Chambers of Commerce in Africa developing countries. Some of the recommendations were that the chambers of commerce, local authorities must proactively support SMEs to practise ESR through awareness workshops, train and share the ESR strategy alignment with business strategy.


Results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection in animals from six Central European countries (Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) spreading over 610 402 km2 with a population of 11.8 million heads of ca�le were analysed. In the monitoring period, 1990 to 1999, M. tuberculosis from animals was isolated only in two countries (Poland and Slovak Republic) from 16 animals with tuberculous lesions. These comprise nine heads of ca�le (Bos taurus), four domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) and three wild animals, an African elephant (Loxodonta africana), agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) and terrestrial tapir (Tapirus terrestris), originated form a zoological garden Gdansk in Poland. Steady decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis in humans was recorded during the monitoring period in all countries. The human population of the study countries was 68.03 million. In the period monitored, infection caused by M. tuberculosis was identified in a total of 241 040 patients with a decreasing incidence of tuberculosis found in all countries. The lowest relative bacteriologically confirmed disease was found in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Slovenia. Given the low number of infected domestic and wild animals, the epidemiological and epizootiological situation may be considered auspicious.


Background: COVID-19 infection can attack all levels of society, including pregnant women, which can impact the babies they give birth to and can increase morbidity & mortality in babies. Objective : This study was conducted descriptively & retrospectively. All the data were collected from inpatient medical records of patients in the COVID-19 neonatal isolation room at RSUD Haji Surabaya from January 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021. Methods: This study is retrospective and descriptive. The total population is all babies treated in the COVID-19 neonatal isolation room at the RSUD Haji Surabaya from January 1, 2021 – December 31, 2021. Data for all babies were obtained from medical records. Furthermore, the babies are grouped based on the way of birth. Furthermore, the baby's condition is broken down according to the required indicators. Results: Most of the babies of mothers with COVID-19 were born at full term spontaneously. Only three babies were born with severe asphyxia and needed CPR resuscitation and the help of CPAP or neopuff breathing apparatus. Only 4 of the 15 babies with positive PCR results. Conclusion: The vertical transmission of COVID-19 infection from pregnant women to their babies during the intrauterine period is still unclear because not all of these babies were confirmed for COVID-19 (the PCR results for these babies were only four positive). So further research is needed with larger samples and involving flashlights and other sectors related to COVID-19.


As the main structure type used on present monopod platform,the monocular triple-well risers can significantly decrease the development cost for marginal fields.The assembly configuration of monocular triple-well risers is introduced and the integral mechanical analysis method is proposed for the assembly configuration.The calculation method of the mechanical model is simplified,and the accuracy is increased.Taken Bohai Field as an example,the influence of cement sheath on the mechanical properties is analyzed.Results show that the integral mechanical analysis on monocular triple-well riser structure can lower the blindness and risk of oversea operations,and decrease the development cost of small fields.


In this month's article, the author takes a look at Francis Ronalds' many contributions during his lifetime such as his documentation of important theoretical insights in electrical science and generation of valuable data sets, and the creation of a world-leading observatory and a large engineering institution. He was, in fact, a prolific inventor of electrical, mechanical, and meteorological devices, but not much is known about him. The author contemplates whether Ronalds deserves to be credited as the first electrical engineer.


In recent years, the biomedicine, like the other fields of
research, has become more and more tied up with the computer
science. The vast majority of measurments is acquired, stored
and further evaluated in the instruments controlled by the
appropriate computer programs. In optical microscopy such an
equipment has already become a standard as it is very
comfortable and fast to use it. The whole process of
observation can be typically split into: specimen preparation,
image transmission, image acquisition, and image analysis. The
aim of this paper is the simulation of the first three steps in
order we could generate the synthetic image. Such an image can
be further used for verification wheter some image analysis
method is appropriate and whether it performs correctly.


Significant changes in the urban built environment have occurred due to rapid urbanization and increases in the urban population. Such alterations may produce environmental health-related issues such as urban heat stress, air pollution and traffic noise. This research undertook a field study to collect data including urban design parameters, micro-environmental factors and city climatic information. This work was conducted over a two-year period on three pedestrian streets located in high-density urban areas in Beijing. These areas were selected in order to study the influences of urban street canyon texture within a particular geometric layout, wind flow corridors and variations in air temperature on pedestrian microclimatic comfort. The results will facilitate the work of urban planners by providing them with information for use in improving outdoor thermal comfort through their designs. A total of 60[Formula: see text]485 samples were organized into training, validation and test sets. We confirmed our hypothesis that internal wind speed ([Formula: see text] is attributable mainly to the urban texture coefficient ([Formula: see text], air temperature ([Formula: see text] and leading-in wind speed ([Formula: see text]. The model was tested using the test data collected onsite, which demonstrated a very accurate goodness-of-fit; the model achieved an R-squared value of 0.82, which meant that [Formula: see text] as a dependent variable was 82% correlated to the three predictors as independent variables. With this computer simulation, urban planners can now predict and visualize the impact of changes on the built environment in terms of either the direction of solar radiation received or increases in wind speed, in return for the desired thermal comfort level for residents of the neighborhood.


Violations of Lorentz boost symmetry in the electron and photon sectors can be constrained by studying several different high-energy phenomenon. Although they may not lead to the strongest bounds numerically, measurements made in terrestrial laboratories produce the most reliable results. Laboratory bounds can be based on observations of synchrotron radiation, as well as the observed absences of vacuum \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov radiation (${e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$) and photon decay ($\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$). Using measurements of synchrotron energy losses at LEP and the survival of TeV photons, we place new bounds on the three electron Lorentz-violation coefficients ${c}_{(TJ)}$, at the $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ to $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ levels.


This work presents the electrochemical behaviors of Pr (III) on a liquid Bi electrode and the formation of Bi-Pr intermetallics in LiCl-KCl eutectic melt. Galvanostatic voltammetry and open circuit chronopotentiometry techniques were employed to determine the apparent standard potential of Pr(III)/Pr couple. The reduction of Pr (III) on the liquid Bi electrode is a one step process with three electrons transferred. The activity coefficient of Pr in liquid Bi was also determined by coulometric titration and in-situ open circuit chronopotentiometry at the temperature range of 723 to 813K. In addition, the signals of five intermetallic compounds corresponding to the Bi-Pr binary phase diagram were successively detected by a series of electrochemical techniques. Thermodynamic properties for the formation of Bi-Pr intermetallic compound were measured by open circuit chronopotentiometry. The activities and partial molar Gibbs free energies of Pr in the two phase coexisting system were obtained, from which the Gibbs free energy, the enthalpy and entropy of formation were also calculated. (C) 2018 The Electrochemical Society.


The purpose of this paper is to learning analytics to support the acquisition of scientific skills in academic students who start research processes through reflection on their learning process, and in this way help them understand the potential limitations of understanding concepts, phases, stages and aspects of relevance that are of interest in the work carried out for the generation of scientific knowledge


The invention concerns a method for producing microstructures or nanostructures on a support, comprising the following steps: contacting one surface of a first wafer (1) in crystalline material with a surface of a second wafer (2) in crystalline material, so that the two crystalline lattices of said surfaces have at least one misalignment parameter for forming a crystalline fault network (6) and/or a stress network within the crystalline zone (8) extending on either side of the interface of the two wafers, at least one of said networks defining a microstructure or a nanostructure; thinning one (1) of the two wafers to expose the fault network and/or the stress network on a support (10) constituted by the other wafer.


This research work outlines an original method for climate observation by remote sensing based on the local combination of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (T/sub s/) measurements acquired by the NOAA-AVHRR sensor. It explores the phenomenon of linearity observed between T/sub s/ and the NDVI, which varies from positive to negative according to the conditions of the land surface energy budget regime and the vegetation type. Over vegetation, the decreasing relationship of T/sub s/ in relation to the NDVI (negative regression) due to vegetation cover transpiration is well known. However, over soils with sparse vegetation, bare soil, lichens or tundra, the relationship is reversed (positive regression) due to the high surface albedo which influences T/sub s/ values. The method is first demonstrate using full spatial and temporal resolution HRPT images over the BOREAS area corrected for atmospheric effects and screened for cloud cover in comparison with temperature and precipitation data. The method is then applied to composite images from the PAL multi-annual database at a resolution of 8 km and for Canada overall. It permits the determination of the ecotone position separating the forest from the tundra and the monitoring of the inter-annual fluctuations related to climatic variations and global warming.


Efficient navigation requires a good representation of body position/orientation in the environment and an accurate updating of this representation when the body-environment relationship changes. We tested here whether the visual flow alone - i.e., no landmark - can be used to update this representation when the visual scene is rotated, and whether having a limited horizontal field of view (30 or 60 degrees), as it is the case in most virtual reality applications, degrades the performance as compared to a full field of view. Our results show that (i) the visual flow alone does not allow for accurately estimating the amplitude of rotations of the visual scene, notably giving rise to a systematic underestimation of rotations larger than 30 degrees, and (ii) having more than 30 degrees of horizontal field of view does not really improve the performance. Taken together, these results suggest that a 30 degree field of view is enough to (under)estimate the amplitude of visual rotations when only visual flow information is available, and that landmarks should probably be provided if the amplitude of the rotations has to be accurately perceived.


"Celebrating and Abundant Harvest the Five Ghosts Tease Zhong Kui" is the first drama on the tale of "Five Ghosts Tease Zhong Kui" which appears in the Ming Dynasty. In "Celebrating an Abundant Harvest the Five Ghosts Tease Zhong Kui", Zhong Kui has to subdue a lot of ghosts. In addition, there is a complete deity-making process. The essence of deity-making is not due to the great magic power of Zhong Kui. It is the power of the character, integrity and righteousness that help Zhong Kui to conquer evil forces. This paper would discuss the incongruity of the ugly appearance and inner beauty of Zhong Kui. In addition, ghosts such as the five ghosts would be traced from its origin to bring out the importance of subduing these ghosts for Zhong Kui to become the ghost king. Different from the pre-texts of the Zhong Kui tales, in "Celebrating an Abundant Harvest the Five Ghosts Tease Zhong Kui", Zhong Kui conquers the ghosts not for the king but for the court officer which is a kind of creative treason. This "action" brings Zhong Kui the temple which is an essential part of the deity-making. This article focuses on the role of ghosts and deity to show the process of making the Ghost King. "Celebrating an Abundant Harvest the Five Ghosts Tease Zhong Kui" is a mature Zhong Kui tale which inflicts influence on the related Zhong Kui tales of the following decades.


When Howard Gardner proposed his theory of multiple intelligences ten years ago, there was, as he notes in his book, the inevitable mixed reception that accompanies any new and innovative theory. Because Gardner presented no new research designed specifically to test his theory, the theory was viewed as rather speculative, and hence, the criticisms of the theory were necessarily speculative as well. The universal hope and expectation was that, with time, specific tests, experimental or otherwise, would be conducted of the theory, and when such tests were well under way, it would then be possible for both theorist and critics to become more concrete. Curiously, to date, not only are the tests not well underway, but they have not yet been initiated. To my knowledge, there is not even one empirical test of the theory. There may well be one somewhere in the literature that has escaped my notice, but what is clear is that the anticipated program of research has not been forthcoming, and may never be. As Gardner says in his book, his own attention turned to educational interventions, and apparently other people's did as well, because the number of educational interventions is indeed impressive, as anyone who reads Gardner's book will see. As a psychologist and educator, I am pleased that a promising theory of intelligence is being recognized, acclaimed, and implemented. In contrast, I am concerned that yet another theory without direct supporting evidence is being avidly sought by educators as the "new panacea," as was Bloom's taxonomy some years back. The concern is that we may be once again falsely raising expectations that will later be dashed, with the predictable reaction by educators that the time has come once again to return to the three Rs. I think there are various problems with Gardner's theory as a psychological theory, but I and other psychologists have written of them before. A s no new evidence has been forthcoming regarding the validity of the the-


The application of photovoltaics into building as integrated building components has been paid more attention worldwide. Photovoltaics or solar electric modules are solid state devices, directly converting solar radiation into electricity; the process does not require fuel and any moving parts, and produce no pollutants. So, the purpose of this research is to present how to get PVIB which can be applied building facade and how to apply it. From the basis of these results this study will intend to develop an integrated for optimal design of PV System.


In the last decade, consumer electronic devices such as smartphones, are packaged with small cameras, gyroscopes, and accelerometers, all sensors allowing autonomous deployment of aerial robots in GPS-denied environments. Our previous work [1], demonstrated the feasibility of using smartphones for autonomous flight. In many applications, there is a large interest to the use multiple autonomous aerial vehicles in a cooperative manner to speed up the operation of the mission. In this work, we present the first fully autonomous smartphone-based swarm of quadrotors. Multiple vehicles are able to plan safe trajectories avoiding inter-robot collisions, optimizing at the same time a given task and concurrently building in a cooperative manner a 3-D map of the environment. The sensing, sensor fusion, control, and planning are all done on an offthe- shelf Samsung Galaxy S5 smartphone using just the single camera and IMU available on the phone. The work allows any consumer with multiple smartphones to autonomously drive a swarm of multiple vehicles without GPS, by downloading an app, and have the swarm cooperatively map a 3-D environment.


F rom 1948 through 1960, the British army fought a counterinsurgency campaign in what was then called Malaya. Although its ini tial efforts were not particularly successful, the British army adapted over time, changing both its counterinsurgency doctrine and practice. In contrast, the American army was unable to change its counterinsurgency doctrine or prac tice during twenty-five years of fighting in Southeast Asia, from 1950 through 1975. I have argued elsewhere that it was the organizational culture of the British army that allowed it to learn counterinsurgency principles effectively during the Malayan emergency, whereas the or ganizational culture of the U.S. Army blocked organizational learning during-and after-the Vietnam War. In this article, I attempt to place these conclusions in the wider context of inter


Based on careful analysis of variable step size gray predicted method to determine ultimate bearing capacity of single pile and interaction between soil and pile,the problems of the present model to predict ultimate bearing capacity of single pile about derivative of single pile Q-S curve and method to determine background value are pointed out.According to the law of the development on single pile Q-S curve,an improved variable step size gray predicted model to determine ultimate bearing capacity of single pile is put forward.Finally,accuracy standard and reliability of gray predicted method to determine ultimate bearing capacity of single pile are tentatively studied.By computation of the engineering example and comparing with other methods,it is shown that the model proposed is reasonable.


High-K calc-alkaline magmas from the Cenozoic Qiangtang volcanic field, northern Tibetan Plateau, contain lower crustal two-pyroxene and clinopyroxene granulite xenoliths. The petrology and geochemistry of six mafic and three felsic xenoliths from the Hol Xil area south of Ulan Ul Lake are discussed. Mafic granulites (Pl, Opx, Cpx, Ksp, and Bt) contain 48.76–58.61% SiO2, 18.34–24.50% Al2O3, 3.16–5.41% Na2O, 1.58–3.01% K2O, low Mg# (30–67), LREE and LILE enrichment, high Rb/Sr (0.09–0.21), (La/Yb)N (17.32–49.35), low Nb/Ta (9.76–14.92), and variable Eu anomalies (Eu = 0.19−0.89). They also have more evolved Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions in comparison with the host dacites 87Sr/86Sr (0.710812 vs. 0.713241), ϵSr (+169.13 vs. +203.88), 143Nd/144Nd (0.512113 vs. 0.512397), ϵNd (−4.70 to −10.05), 206Pb/204Pb (18.7000 vs. 18.9565), 207Pb/204Pb (15.7135 vs. 15.7662), and 208Pb/204Pb (39.1090 vs. 39.4733). Felsic granulites (Qtz, Pl, Ksp, Bt, and Cpx) show enrichment of LREE and LILE and have evolved Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions with (La/Yb)N (2.04–10.82), 87Sr/86Sr (0.712041–0.729088), ϵSr (+180.71–+430.59), 143Nd/144Nd (0.512230–0.512388); ϵNd (−4.74 to −7.96), 206Pb/204Pb (18.9250–19.1717), 207Pb/204Pb (15.7662–15.7720), and 208Pb/204Pb (39.2109–39.6467). These geochemical data suggest that the protolith of the mafic granulites could have been a hybrid mafic magma (e.g. enriched mantle type II) or metasomatized restite derived from the partial melting of metamafic-intermediate rocks rather than basaltic cumulates, whereas the felsic granulite protolith was a quartzofeldspathic S-type granitic rock. We argue that the lower crust of the northern Tibetan Plateau is hot and heterogeneous rather than wholly gabbroic. Interaction between the mantle-derived magma and the metasedimentary/granitic lower crust of the Tibetan Plateau may have played an important role in the generation of shoshonitic and high-K calc-alkaline andesite-dacite rocks.


The A-Train provides a unique view of the Earth system through the eyes of different sensors each viewing different aspects of the evolving system. When combined, these observations have provided a number of unexpected new capabilities that are now revealing new insights on the composition of the atmosphere, the movement of water through the planets water cycle with links to the climate system through the influence of water on the Earth's energy balance. This talk will highlight a number of new emerging findings that are a direct consequence both of the diversity of data types and the combination of sensor data. Emphasis on how these collated observations are advancing our understanding of key processes of the Earth system, how this understanding is influencing the development of weather and Earth system models, and the promise of an even more expanded view of Earth with the expected new additions to the A-Train.


The bianthraquinonic biological pigments luteoskyrin and rugulosin and five polyhydroxyanthraquinone derivatives are studied by carbon-13 NMR in DMSO solution. Peak assignment for the fourteen carbon atoms of these compounds is achieved by proton spin decoupling and by investigating the effect of ionisation of the hydroxyl groups upon the carbon chemical shifts. Carbon chemical shifts in the planar hydroxyanthraquinones can be rationalised in terms of conjugation and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The latter is responsible for the relative acidity of the hydroxyl groups in the analogues, and for the different conformations proposed for luteoskyrin and rugulosin. Tautomeric equilibria occur in DMSO and water–DMSO solutions for the anionic species [LS]2− and [RG]2−. This can account for the binding of luteoskyrin and rugulosin to nucleic acids.


Three studies were conducted to examine the effects of individual differences and language differences on children's understanding of teen quantities (11 < n ≤ 19) as counted cardinal tens and ones (embedded-ten cardinal understanding). At age 4, most Chinese children, using named-ten number words (e.g., 12 is said as ten two), did not show such understanding on a task in which y quantities were added to 10 quantities. At age 5, half the children of average or above intelligence who had high rote-counting sequences (M = 90) did show such understanding; those with lower rote-counting sequences did not. English-speaking 5-year-old children in England and in the United States, whose teen words obfuscate the tens and ones, showed no evidence of understanding teen quantities as cardinal tens and ones.


A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify the most pressing issues pertaining to the application of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and the integration of health concerns into the Environmental Assessment (EA) process in Canada and internationally. The issues identified include the need for government intervention, gaps in methodology and tools, limitations of capacity and expertise, poor intersectoral, disciplinary and public collaboration/participation, challenges of data quantification and analytic complexity, and the need for process efficiency. The issues presented were also contextualised to the status quo practice of EA in Canada and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA 2012). Recommendations were proposed as a starting point for improved integration. First, a commitment by the actors involved to the protection of human health — aligned with the core mandate of the CEAA. Second, the achievement of intersectoral, disciplinary and public collaboration, led by government, ideally the health sector. The case is made for a new era of Canadian leadership and innovation at the interface of health and EA.


In commenting results of empirical research on learning with hypertext/hypermedia systems Jacobson et al. resume that "overall there has been limited empirical documentation of the educational efficacy of such systems" [1, p. 322]. The authors suggest that factors contributing to the provisional nature of research on learning with hypertext include, e.g., "lack of attention to relevant cognitive learning theory and research and methodological problems" [1, p. 322; 2]. Tergan has critically reviewed the theoretical assumptions underlying empirical hypertext/hypermedia research [3]. The present article discusses in detail conceptual and methodological aspects of research. It is suggested that because of inherent shortcomings in design and research the potential of hypertext/hypermedia for enhancing learning may have been underestimated. The expectation is that if existing theoretical, conceptual, and methodological shortcomings will be overcome one may expect new impulses which will be fruitful both for theory development, research, and the design of effective learning environments.


The high,medium and low gluten wheat germs were taken as experimental material.In order to optimize the extraction of wheat germ oil,the influence of extraction pressure,time and extraction temperature on the yield of wheat germ oil were investigated by the single factor experiments.Technology parameters were optimized by orthogonal experiments design experiments.The results showed that the optimum condition for extracting the yield of wheat germ oil was: extraction pressure 30 MPa,temperature 50 ℃ and 2 hours of extraction.Under these conditions,the extraction ratio is 11.05%.Analysis of fatty acid composition in embryo oil by gas chromatograph revealed that linoleic acid accounted for higher than 58.23% of total fatty acid in embryo oil of low intensity wheat.


Learning Analytics and Gamification are examples of some strategies that have been applied in educational context as an attempt to reduce motivational problems. While learning analytics seek to analyze learners and their contexts in order to understand and improve the teaching-learning process, gamification applies all suitable game elements in learning environments to motivate and engage students. This work aims to integrate learning analytics techniques and game elements in a virtual learning environment and verify if this integration increased students' interaction and satisfaction. Through a controlled experiment, 77 undergraduate students were divided into two groups (i.e., experimental and control) and their participation in an online course was monitored. As a result, the satisfaction was higher for the experimental group, although there was no significant difference between the groups in relation to their interaction.


Since the LEADER (Liaisons Entre Activités de Developpement de l'Economie Rural) method was launched in 1991, through its Rural Development Programmes, it has tried to support rural areas by promoting the creation of opportunities, strengthening rural territorial resilience and holding back depopulation processes. It has also introduced social considerations such as gender and age and has fostered the knowledge economy. One aspect of particular interest is employment: rural areas that offer employment opportunities can trigger a set of processes and dynamics that are positive for rural resilience in that they strengthen competitive, socially dynamic and economically viable spaces. The purpose of this article is to define the profile of a LEADER project that can generate and/or consolidate employment in the Spanish region of Castilla-La Mancha during the current 2014–2022 programming period. This is done by means of a study using ordered probit of the 4 465 projects by the Local Action Groups (LAGs). The study points to the preponderance of agro-industrial activity and the large size of the municipalities where employment is generated. It also finds that a very large proportion of the jobs created are for young people and that many women have found jobs in projects funded by the LAGs.


The effective integration of neo-conservatism's political philosophy with the US diplomatic practice becomes the mainstream thinking of American or Bush Government's diplomatic philosophy nowadays,i.e.,a combination of democracy with reality.Starting from the theoretical basis of neo-conservatism,it is deemed and discussed that the democracy export is Bush Government's diplomatic strategy and ultimate goal,while the realistic pose shows its stance and idea of foreign policy.It implies pursuing state security,national interest first and no exclusion of seeking for force to promote democracy.Analyzes the reasons why democracy has to be combined with reality and then it becomes the main stream of American diplomatic policy,and expounds the reasons why America changes her foreign policy to deal with China.


Background: The flow field in the vane-type bubble separator in the gas removal system developed for Molten Salt Reactor(MSR) was obtained by the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) software of Fluent. Purpose: On the basis of the single phase water simulation, analysis was also conducted on the principle of the bubble separator as well as the factors affecting its performance. Methods: Firstly, different turbulence models were compared against the experimental data, among which the Reynolds Stress Model gave the best results under different working conditions. Then, by using of this model, further researches on the flow field in vane separator were carried out. Results: It is indicated that the water flow with low velocity and low pressure forms rapidly in the central area after flowing through the swirl vanes of the separator at the volume flow of 20 m3·h-1, and a high radial pressure gradient appears near the center of the cross section. Conclusion: As a result, if there are some bubbles in the flow, they will be pushed to the center of the separator and merge to form a steady air core due to the large radial pressure gradient, leading to the continuous separation of bubbles from the water flow.


Peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) are important air pollutants in tropospheric chemistry. PANs are known to be potent phytotoxins at low ppb concentrations and are lachrymators. They can also transport the more reactive nitrogen dioxide long distances, because they are in equilibrium with that NO{sub x} species. Since PANs are trapped peroxyradicals, they are a direct measure of the peroxyradical levels and the of {open_quotes}photochemical age{close_quotes} of an air parcel. The PANs are typically measured in the atmosphere by using electron capture detection methods. These methods suffer from large background signals and detector responses to oxygen and water vapor. This paper describes the combination of a capillary gas chromatographic column with a modified luminol chemiluminescent nitrogen dioxide detector (Scintrex, Luminox) for rapid and sensitive detection of nitrogen dioxide, peroxyacetyl nitrate, peroxypropionyl nitrate, and peroxybutyryl nitrate. Detection limits for this approach in the low tens of parts per trillion have been observed with total analysis times of less than three minutes. We will discuss the potential application of this method to other compounds, particularly, organonitrates, in a pyrolysis system and/or with ozone addition to the sampling streams.


Repeated batch operation using two fermentors (RBTF) to penicillin fermentation was demonstrated by computer simulation to improve productivity. Three operation modes were compared: chemostat, repeated batch operation using a single fermentor (RBSF) and RBTF; in each case account was made of the lag period before growth. The simulated fermentor performances were assessed on the basis of the penicillin productivity and concentration; the simulation was based on published batch fermentation data. It was shown that RBTF was superior to RBSF and chemostat. The advantage of RBTF increased as the lag period became greater.


The invention concerns a positive pressure nasal breathing apparatus in which a processed air flow is supplied at positive pressure to the person to be treated. The apparatus comprises: a first device (10) for producing a first air flow which has a given first temperature and a first degree of relative air humidity; and a second device (12) for processing the first air flow such that a second air flow to be completely or partially supplied to the person is produced. The temperature of the second air flow is lower and its degree of relative air humidity higher than that of the first air flow.


Abstract
 Grassland breeding bird abundances in New York State mirror a national downward trajectory as land-use changes degrade, destroy, and fragment suitable habitat. We quantified and compared bird abundances on pastures that were subject to continuous grazing, minimal rotation, or holistic resource management. We hypothesized that grassland bird abundance varied systematically with pasture management approaches. We measured grassland bird abundances using 40-m radius point counts performed on 27 pastures. Further, we assessed vegetation and environmental parameters to characterize the available habitat on each pasture. Holistic resource managed pastures had 1.5 and 4.5 times higher average abundances of obligate grassland birds than minimally rotated or continuously grazed pastures, respectively. Overall, our results indicate that farms can employ strategies that promote grassland bird habitat and may therefore have a positive influence on grassland bird metapopulations in New York State.


Chen et al. demonstrate that a series of developmentally orchestrated mitochondrial processes in the Drosophila early germarium, including mtDNA segregation, transcription, and replication, allow the functional manifestation of individual genomes and contribute to a selective inheritance, limiting the transmission of detrimental mtDNA mutations.


ISO 9660 is the standard CD‐ROM file format which allows the information on a CD‐ROM to be used on many different computers. Although some industry estimates suggest that as many as 40% of all CD‐ROM titles use ISO 9660, many publishers are still using other file formats such as High Sierra. This situation is detrimental to the CD‐ROM industry and for end users. This article explains what ISO 9660 is and why its use is important.


For more accurate and quick measurement of HTS joint resistance, a numerical calculation model that is very close to the real resistance distribution of the joint is used. The influence of different specific resistance of tape layers on joint voltage distribution and current transfer length are analyzed. An improved joint resistance measurement method also proposed, for measuring the resistance of different layers in the joint.


Recorded boating accidents for three boating seasons on the Glen and Grand Canyon sections of the Colorado River (between Glen Canyon Dam and Diamond Creek) are analyzed to dtermine whether a significant correlation existed between accident occurrence and river flow level at the times and locatons of the occurrences. Accident populations of each study section were analyzed separately because of marked differences in the nature of boating use and associated accidents between the sections. The Grand Canyon accident distribution by flow-range showed it to be non-random for the study period. Almost twice the expected number of accidents occurred during high range flows while less than a third of expected accidents occurred during medium range flows. A descriptive analysis of some flow and several non-flow characteristics of the Glen Canyon accident population suggests that certain patterns of accident occurrence exists, but these hyupotheses were not supported statistically by the available data.


This project sought to find out the extent to which investor relations has become established within leading companies in Europe.


Acquiring computational resources dynamically, in response to demand, and only paying for the resources used, is the main benefit cloud computing may bring for cloud customers. However, this benefit can only be realized when customers can determine the right size of the resources required and allocate such resources in a cost-effective way. While resource over-provisioning can cost users more than necessary, resource under provisioning hurts application performance. To leverage the potential of clouds, a major concern, hence is optimizing the monetary cost spent in using cloud resources while ensuring the quality of service (QoS) and meeting deadlines. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of a good understanding of such cost optimization. The resource provisioning, from the cloud-user perspective, is a complicated optimization problem that consists of much uncertainty, as well as heterogeneity in its parameters. The variety of pricing plans further complicates this problem. There has been little work on solving this problem as it is in the real world and from the end users view. Most works relax the problem by not considering the dynamicity or heterogeneity of the environment. The aim of this paper, however, is optimizing the operational cost whilst guaranteeing performance and meeting deadline constraints, by taking into account parameters' uncertainty and heterogeneity, as well as considering all three available pricing plans, i.e. on-demand, reservation, and spot pricing. The experimental implementation using a real cloud workload shows that, however the proposed model has not the perfect foresight of future; results are very close or in many cases similar to, the full knowledge model. We also analyse the results of various users with different workload pattern, based on a k-means clustering.


We investigate the effect of credit ratings on corporate investment. We extend the conventional view, which predicts a positive linear relationship between credit ratings and firm investment, by highlighting a perspective of corporate governance that emphasizes the impact of managerial career concerns. The evidence from a panel of 576 UK public nonfinancial firms during 1996-2004 shows that in addition to the conventional view, there are several other possibilities which describe the relation between credit ratings and fixed investment. Specifically, we find that: (a) the relation between credit ratings and investment may be nonlinear and can be represented by an inverted U curve; (b) changes in credit ratings are negatively associated with investment; (c) the negative effect of the changes in credit ratings on investment is exacerbated by high levels of credit ratings; and (d) the results in (b) and (c) are more pronounced for firms that are facing credit ratings upgrades. JEL Classifications: G240, G310, M510


This paper has analyzed the signal gathering function demand and the application characteristic in the test diagnosis sys-tem, proposed the embedded realization plan based on DSP. In detail introduced the design of the embedded system overall function frame, has produced the synthesis average value sampling algorithm concrete realization plan on DSP, introduced with emphasis in the concrete realization time data space division, the buffer establishment and so on the essential technical spot. Finally carried on the performance test to the design system, the test result had indicated the system conformed to the anticipated requirement in timeliness and the synchronism aspect.


To the Editor: Ienjoyed reading the publication by Oliva et al in this journal. I would like to suggest that the right atrium is not opened though the inferior vena cava but by an incision between the inferior vena cava opening and the atrioventricular groove, which is extended parallel to the atrioventricular groove to the right atrial appendage (Fig. 1). In addition, it is recommended that the inferior vena cava be cut near its pericardial reflection as far as possible from the right atrium. These techniques preserve the region a Chiari web may occupy. A Chairi web (or Chairi network) results from incomplete resorption of the valve of the sinus venosus; it has been suggested that it is frequently not observed at autopsy owing to damage to the region connecting the inferior vena cava and the heart. It may be found in around 2% of hearts and is usually of no significance. However, it is potentially a focus for endocarditis, a source of thrombi, and a cause of arrhythmias; it may also trap thromboemboli and medical cannulas.4 In the case illustrated here, a 59-year-old man had a delayed death after a motor vehicle collision. A cardiac ultrasound examination was interpreted as showing multiple thromboemboli in the region of the inferior vena cava and right atrium. However, at the postmortem examination, there were no thromboemboli; instead, a large Chiari web was observed (Fig. 2). Had the heart not been examined with preservation of the region of the former sinus venosus, the explanation for the echocardiogram report might have been missed.


Two approaches to formal multiple objective decision analysis are described , illustrated and compared. These two approaches, generating techniques and goal programming, are illustrated by the solution of a simple numerical example. This solution combined with some lessons from the field of psychology provide a basis for some judgments on the relative merits of the approaches.


Purpose The Penumbra Coil 400 System (PC400) was designed with increased coil diameter to enhance filling efficiency in large intracranial aneurysms. This study's goal is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the PC400 coils to treat large intracranial aneurysms. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with PC400 coils at a single center. Baseline patient and aneurysm characteristics, procedural variables and treatment-related complications were recorded. Aneurysm occlusion at the time of last angiographic follow-up was determined using the Roy-Raymond scale. Aneurysm retreatment was recorded. Results 57 consecutive patients with 60 intracranial aneurysms were included, 44 women (77%). Mean age was 60.7 years (median 60 years, 28–89 years). 12 aneurysms were ruptured (20%). Mean maximum aneurysm size was 12mm (median 10.5mm, 5.2-22mm), mean neck size was 5mm (median 4.1mm, 1.9-15mm), mean dome to neck ratio was 2 (median 1.9, 0.8-4.2). Aneurysm locations were: 27 internal carotid artery, 10 middle cerebral artery, 8 posterior communicating artery, 6 basilar tip, 5 anterior communicating artery, and 1 each posterior inferior cerebellar, superior cerebellar, posterior cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries. Aneurysm embolization techniques were: 30 balloon-assisted coiling (50%), 18 simple coiling (30%), 8 Pipeline/coiling (13%), 3 stent-assisted coiling (5%), and 1 parent artery sacrifice (2%). 49 aneurysms were treated with PC400 coils only (82%). Mean number of PC400 coils deployed was 5.1 (median 4, 1-23), mean packing density was 34% (median 33.5%, 7-68%). Mean procedure time was 64 minutes (median 53 minutes, 23–186 minutes). There were 6 peri-procedural complications: 2 intra-operative aneurysm ruptures (3.3%), 1 coil herniation requiring stenting (1.7%), and 3 post-operative infarctions with permanent deficits (5%). Angiographic follow-up was available in 54 aneurysms (90%), mean time to last follow-up 12.2 months (median 6.5 months, 3.3-33.4 months). At last follow-up, 25 aneurysms were completely occluded (46%, Raymond 1), 20 showed residual neck (37%, Raymond 2), and 9 demonstrated residual aneurysm (17%, Raymond 3). Nine aneurysms were retreated (17%), 6 with flow-diversion and 3 with stent assisted-coiling. Compared to a prior study examining 84 large aneurysms treated with conventional coils, treatment with PC400 coils resulted in higher packing densities, faster procedure times, lower procedural complications and lower retreatment rates (Tables 1 and 2). Abstract E-063 Table 1 PC400 Coiling versus Conventional Coiling Procedural Variables Mean maximum aneurysm diameter Mean neck / dome to neck ratio Mean packing density Mean procedure time Procedure-related complications PC400 coiling: (N=60) 12mm 5mm / 2.0 34% 64 minutes 10% Conventional coiling: (N=84)* 8.8mm 3.2mm / 1.9 28% 139 minutes 19% *Kaesmacher et al., JNIS 2015 (Conventional Coils ≥ 7mm; 6-month follow-up) Abstract E-063 Table 2 PC400 Coiling versus Conventional Coiling Angiographic Follow-Up Roy-Raymond Classification Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Retreatment Mean length follow-up PC400 Coiling: (n=54) 46% 37% 17% 17% 12 months Conventional Coiling: (n=42)* 36% 12% 52% 41% 6 months *Kaesmacher et al., JNIS 2015 (Conventional Coils ≥ 7mm; 6-month follow-up) Conclusion The PC400 system is safe and effective for the treatment of large wide-neck intracranial aneurysms, achieving high packing densities, fast procedural times, favorable safety profile and low re-treatment rates compared to conventional coiling. Disclosures: J. Delgado Almandoz: 2; C; Penumbra, Inc. Y. Kayan: 2; C; Penumbra, Inc. J. Fease: None. J. Scholz: None. A. Milner: None. A. Wallace: None. M. Mulder: None.


Smartphones utilize context signals, such as time and location, to predict users' app usage tailored to individual users. To be effective, such personalization relies on access to sufficient information about each user's behavioral habits. For new users, the behavior information may be sparse or non-existent. To handle these cases, app category usage prediction approaches can employ signals from users who are similar along one or more dimensions, i.e., those in the same cohort. In this paper, we describe a characterization and evaluation of the use of such cohort modeling to enhance app category usage prediction. We experiment with pre-defined cohorts from three taxonomies - demographics, psychographics, and behavioral patterns - independently and in combination. We also evaluate various approaches to assign users into the corresponding cohorts. We show, through extensive experiments with large-scale mobile app usage logs from a mobile advertising company, that leveraging cohort behavior can yield significant prediction performance gains than when using the personalized signals at the individual prediction level. In addition, compared to the personalized model, the cohort-based approach can significantly alleviate the cold-start problem, achieving strong predictive performance even with limited amount of user interactions.


Innate immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells produce potent inflammatory cytokines to mount an appropriate immune response against microbial threats. The related cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-18 are generated as cytosolic precursors that require cleavage by the cysteine protease caspase-1 to generate biologically active IL-1b and IL-18. Hence, mice lacking caspase-1 are defective in the maturation and secretion of IL-1b and IL-18 [1]. Caspase-1 itself is generated as an inactive precursor protein that contains a ''caspase activation and recruitment domain'' (CARD) motif in its N-terminus, which is essential for bringing two or more zymogens sufficiently close to induce their autocatalytic activation, a process believed to occur in large cytosolic protein complexes termed ''inflammasomes''. Most inflammasomes contain a member of the nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family. These proteins are thought to function as sensors that detect conserved microbial components in intracellular compartments, similar to the role of mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the cell surface and within endosomes [2]. NLRs share a domain organization that usually includes (1) an amino-terminal protein– protein interaction domain such as a CARD or pyrin domain; (2) an intermediary NACHT domain that is required for nucleotide binding and self-oligomerization; and (3) a variable number of carboxyterminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs involved in sensing pathogen molecules. In general, the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognized by NLRs and TLRs are vital for microbial survival, representing either nucleic acid structures unique to microbes or cell wall components alien to mammalian cells. The bipartite adaptor protein ASC plays a central role in the interaction between NLRs and caspase-1 in each of these inflammasome complexes. As a consequence, caspase-1 activation and the production of IL-1b and IL-18 are abolished in ASCdeficient macrophages that are infected with intracellular bacteria or stimulated with a combination of microbial ligands and ATP [3]. ASC has a specific role in caspase-1 activation because secretion of the cytokines TNF-a and IL-6 is not affected by ASC deficiency. Genetic studies in mice suggest that at least four inflammasomes of distinct composition are formed in vivo in a stimulus-dependent manner (Figure 1): the IPAF inflammasome [3–5], the NALP1 inflammasome [6], the Cryopyrin/NALP3 inflammasome [7–9], and a fourth inflammasome triggered by Francisella tularensis infection [8,10]. Biochemical studies suggested the existence of an additional inflammasome containing NALP2 [11,12], although specific ligands for this inflammasome remain to be identified. In addition to these NLRs, the HIN-200 protein absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) was recently shown to trigger caspase-1 activation in response to cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) [13–16].


Parkia biglobosa is a medicinal plant that is used in the traditional treatment of various pathologies. The fermented seeds of this plant « nere » are used commonly in the treatment of high blood pressure. In order to establish the safety of these, acute and subacute toxicity tests were performed. For this purpose, hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in rats after repeated dosing of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the fermented seeds of P. biglobosa for 28 days. The resulting LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg bw and the extracts have no effect on most of the measured blood parameters. This study revealed that extracts of the fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa are non-toxic at all doses tested and have immunostimulant and analgesic activity.


......................................................................................................................................... vi Chapter One: Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Overview of the Research ....................................................................................................1 Research Site Overview .......................................................................................................2 Community Profile: Are Environmental Justice Concerns Present? ...................... 5 Research Questions ............................................................................................................10 Thesis Organization ...........................................................................................................11 Chapter Two: Literature Review ................................................................................................. 14 Introduction ........................................................................................................................14 Political Ecology ................................................................................................................15 Concepts of Power .............................................................................................................17 Climate Change ..................................................................................................................18 Climate Change Of/In Anthropology.................................................................... 20 Urban Non-Coastal Flooding and Stormwater Systems ....................................................21 Defining [Urban] Flooding ................................................................................... 21 Urban Planning, Social Vulnerability, and Flooding ............................................ 22 Urban Planning and Stormwater Policies In The University Area ....................... 24 Environmental Justice ........................................................................................................26 Defining Justice .................................................................................................... 26 History of Environmental Justice and Flooding ................................................... 28 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................31 Chapter Three: Methods .............................................................................................................. 32 Introduction ........................................................................................................................32 Participant Observation ......................................................................................................33 Interviews ...........................................................................................................................36 Database and Document Review .......................................................................................39


Mangoes are usually peeled, but this is labor intensive and may not always improve the quality of the puree. Puree was made from peeled and unpeeled mangoes, and held for 5 min or 1 h 45 min. The puree was analyzed for volatiles, viscosity, total phenolics, color, pH, total soluble solids (TSS) and sensory. Puree without peel showed higher levels of most lipoxygenase-derived volatiles but lower levels of both desirable and undesirable terpene hydrocarbons. Increasing holding time increased most lipoxygenase-generated volatiles and methyl esters, but had no effect on ethyl esters or terpenes. Puree made without peel had lower viscosity and total phenolics, higher pH and lower TSS while color showed no significant difference. Holding time had no effect on the total phenolics but affected viscosity. The puree made without peel was more preferred in flavor, aroma, texture, color and overall liking and was considered to be fresher with less off flavor.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Practical Applications

Peeling of mangoes during processing is a common practice but skipping this step is cost effective and increases the level of total phenolics and viscosity. The presence of peel also causes a less desirable color, flavor and aroma of the final product. Conversely, leaving the peel on the mangoes produces higher phenolics and viscosity. In addition, holding time before thermal treatment is essential because it affects the volatile profile and the viscosity of the puree.


Vol. LI (February 2014), 40–56 *Hongshuang (Alice) Li is a doctoral candidate in Marketing (hli2@ rhsmith. umd.edu), and P.K. Kannan is Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science (email@example.com), Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park. The authors acknowledge the support of Marketing Science Institute through its grant #4-1680 for this research. The authors also thank the reviewers for their suggestions to improve the article as well as David Godes, Yogesh Joshi, Rebecca Ratner, Roland Rust, Michael Trusov, Michel Wedel, and Jie Zhang for their comments on earlier versions. V. Kumar served as associate editor for this article. HONGSHUANG (ALICE) LI and P.K. KANNAN*


This bachelor work is focused at analyzing the current state of security in IPv6 networks via VPN tunnels. Furthermore, compared to the existing security options for IPv4 and any comparison to the security of the network a new generation type of IPv6. The practical part deals with the implementation of security using IPsec in a variety of operating systems and test functionality in different modes permitted the implementation of the protocol of the system.


Cash flow is an important factor influencing the level of corporate cash holdings. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between corporate cash holdings and positive and negative cash flows Changes in corporate cash holdings as the dependent variable and negative and positive cash flows is independent variables while firm size, Tobin variable, capital expenditures, changes in net non-cash working capital, short-term debt are as control variables. In line with this objective, seven-year data (2005–2011), for 94 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were studied. To test the hypotheses, multiple regressionsalong with combined data were used. In this study contend that the cash flow sensitivity of cash is asymmetric to cash flow. The asymmetry may be due to several reasons, including binding project contracts, bad news withholding, and agency costs. Using a sample of manufacturing firms from 2005 to 2011, we document that the cash flow sensitivity of cash is negative when a firm faces a positive cash flow environment, supporting Riddick and Whited (2009), but the cash flow sensitivity of cash is positive when a firm faces negative cash flows.


Abstract Symmetry analysis of possible magnetic structures with k = 0 and of phase transitions is described for the metallic perovskites Mn3MN (M = Ni, Ga, Ag, Sn, Zn). The phase transition from a triangular antiferromagnetic structure to a triangular noncomplanar structure is considered phenomenologically in detail. Theoretical results are shown to be in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental data.


Nanoscience and engineering are the wave of the future, and nanoscience education is key to developing the next generation of innovative developers. However many K-12 students have difficulty relating to science that they cannot directly observe. Virtual reality based simulations are helpful for exploring these sorts of phenomena, however they must be firmly grounded back to a frame of reference with which students are familiar. This paper presents a progression of learning which uses pixels on a computer screen as a unifying theme to lead students from physical models to microscopic exploration and finally to nanoscale exploration in a virtual world.


Doctors have always fulfilled roles outside their immediate clinical commitments—be it teaching and education, academia and research, or leadership and management. These non-clinical roles give richness and variation to the working lives of clinicians, who would otherwise spend their whole time with patients, and usually serve to improve our healthcare organisations. Despite this, postgraduate medical training and assessment has predominantly focused on the acquisition of technical skills and clinical acumen. The skills required to contribute outside direct patient care to allow doctors to research, teach, lead and manage have been developed on a more ad hoc basis.

Earlier this year in the UK another re-think of medical postgraduate training was conducted. The Shape of Training review1 outlines plans for the future of medical training and highlights the need for more doctors to be trained to provide high standard care in a range of different settings. It encourages flexible training and allows doctors to have opportunities to train in new areas to develop clinical and non-clinical skills outside …


Quartz vibrating gyroscope is a kind of angular rate sensor which is the compromise between the high performance and the small volume. Improvement of the performance is a focus of reach. In this paper, a sine-wave exciting method is discussed. A sine-wave exciting circuit is design and processed with 0.5μm CMOS processing technology. During comparing the sine-wave exciting response and the square-wave one, the sine-wave exciting circuit is more beneficial to improve the performance of the quartz vibrating gyroscope.


Research deals with effect of energy levels and transition of this energy in between (T1) and (T2) energy level called "energy gap". And the effects of this gap, on residual monomer and color stability of self-cure acrylic resin.


L'Abate ( 1962 ) and Craddick ( 1963 ) have presented studies indicating possible usefulness of the MMPI scatter index in differentiating psychiatric and psychopathic populations from normals and non-psychopaths by using the sum of the absolute deviations of the nine clinical scales of the MMPI from the T score of 50. One may wonder about the reliability of the measure. The present study used the scatter index on 40 male Ss who were volunteers for an experiment on the effects of abrupt deceleration, using a sled on a straight track. The MMPI was administered approximately 1 mo. prior to the abrupt deceleration and again 3 mo. after the stress. L'Abate and Craddick both indicate that the smaller the scatter index is, the more "normal" S may be considered. The mean scatter indices of the initial and final MMPIs for the sled group were 70.86 (SD, 24.25) and 69.90 (SD, 20.89), respectively. When these means were compared, t = 1.87 (df = 38, f i > .05). When compared with L'Abate's normal college males, t = 2.45 (df = 123, p < .05), and when compared with Craddick's non-psychopathic prison group (males), t = 2.19 (df = 65, p < .O5). In other words, the sled group could be considered more normal than either of the other groups. To investigate the test-retest reliability of the scatter index over a 4-mo. period, a Pearson product-moment correlation was computed between the two scatter indices. The resulting r = 3 7 , which, although modest in terms of predictability, was statistically significantly different from a correlation of zero (i.e., p < .005, df = 38) . However, in view of the size and uniqueness of the group used in this study, the reliability of the scatter index may still be questioned. The significance of the correlation, however, strongly suggests that study with other criteria would be fruitful in investigating further the reliability of the MMPI scatter index.


Parthenium weed(Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is serious troublesome weed of the worldwide, causing large economic loss in many country, it's current distribution in China including the area southern of the Chang River. Here the potential distribution of the weed in China is predicted by using dynamic modeling software CLIMEX under current climate and the four future climate scenarios A2、B1、B2 and A1F1. The results indicate that the potential distribution is much larger than current distribution, the climate change have little effect on the scale of the potential distribution, but the suitability in the suitable area increased.


Objective tinnitus can be an ominous sign of serious intracranial or intratemporal pathology and therefore warrants thorough investigation. Auscultation of the ear canal with a Toynbee tube has been traditionally performed in the evaluation of these patients. However, objective tinnitus can be missed with the Toynbee tube because of either low intensity or a high level of background noise. We are reporting our experience with a new electronic device for the detection of objective tinnitus.


Objective To explore the extent and nature of cognitive deficits in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) at the time of diagnosis and after 3 months of treatment. Design Prospective case–control study. Setting Neurological department, ophthalmological department and a tertiary headache referral clinic at a Danish university hospital. Participants 31 patients with definite IIH referred from June 2011 to February 2013 and included within 1 week of diagnostic intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement. 29 patients completed re-examination at the 3-month follow-up. At the time of testing, none of the patients took medication potentially affecting cognitive function. Controls were 31 healthy age-matched and sex-matched volunteers from the local community. Outcome measures Executive function, working memory, visuospatial memory, processing speed, attention and reaction time assessed by a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery consisting of validated computerised (Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery) and paper-and-pencil tests. Results Patients with IIH performed significantly worse than controls in four of six cognitive domains (p≤0.02). Deficits were most pronounced in reaction time (1.45 SD below controls 95% CI 2.10 to 0.85) and processing speed (1.48 SD below controls 95% CI 2.08 to 0.81). Despite marked improvement in ICP and headache, re-examination showed persistent cognitive dysfunction 3 months after diagnosis and start of treatment. Conclusions We demonstrate for the first time in a well-defined cohort of patients that IIH may be associated with cognitive dysfunction. This could explain the functional disability of patients with IIH. A focused multidisciplinary approach including neuropsychological rehabilitation, therefore, might be relevant in the treatment of patients with IIH.


Configuration of the unit derived from propylene (C3) 50 to 90 mol%, having 4 to 8 carbon atoms in the α- olefin-derived constituent units (Cα) 10 to 50 mole% of propylene, comprising a α- olefin copolymer (a) (where, the graft-modified polypropylene, characterized in that the total of the structural units of C3 and Cα is obtained by graft-reacting a polar monomer to 100 mole% being), satisfies the following requirements (i) to (iv) at the same time and α- olefin a copolymer (a). (I) the amount of polar monomer is grafted is 0.4 to 1.5% by weight. (Ii) the content of the polar monomer is 1000ppm or less. (Iii) an insoluble in the gel content of 2.5% by weight or less in 140 ℃ xylene. (Iv) the content of the volatile hydrocarbon compound not more than 10ppm.


"This paper examines the Congo-Kinshasa war, which started in 1996. The first part of the paper outlines the broad historical processes that together explain how the country came to be caught up in wars with both civil and regional dimensions: the "de-institutionalization" and "informalization" of the Zairian State leading to the gradual dismantling of the country; the subordination and exclusion of whole ethnic groups in the country itself and in neighboring countries of the Great Lakes region; and the profound changes in the relationship of the world powers with Africa since the 1980s. The second part looks at how these wars have influenced the processes of social and political change. It also proposes a brief critical examination of some widely accepted approaches to the problem of wars in Africa that call for an alternative approach to profit, power, and protection."


. Let f ( z ) be a transcendental meromorphic function of fi nite order and c 1 , c 2 , ··· , c m be complex constants satisfying that at least one of them is non-zero. The authors establish an inequality (Milloux inequality) about the nonlinear difference monomials f d 1 ( z + c 1 ) f d 2 ( z + c 2 ) ··· f d m ( z + c m ) , where d 1 , d 2 , ··· , d m ∈ N . As an application of the inequality, the authors investigate the value distribution of f d 1 ( z + c 1 ) f d 2 ( z + c 2 ) ··· f d m ( z + c m ) . Results obtained partially promote and improve relevant results of Laine, Yang and Chen et al..


Adopted at over 125 school in its First Edition, the completely revised and tested Second Edition of the Ludman/Marshak Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology contains inquiry based exercises, rock group labs, and a modern treatment of geologic mapping. The Second Edition enhances the strengths of the First Edition with even better visuals-enhanced photos, maps, charts and figures, and it also reflects new innovations in geologic mapping.


ISSN: 2046-9047 (Print) 2046-9055 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ypch20 Growing our knowledge about head circumference Carrie Daymont To cite this article: Carrie Daymont (2016) Growing our knowledge about head circumference, Paediatrics and International Child Health, 36:2, 81-83, DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2016.1162393 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2016.1162393


Effect of pH of water phase on creaming stability and electric conductivity of the kerosine-water (1:1) O/W emulsions stabilized with soybean phospholipids, that is, commercial soybean lecithin (CSL), ethanol-extracted lecithin from CSL (EL), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), were investigated. Higher stability waS generally obtained in the middle region of pH. The effect of the combinations of the phospholipids on the emulsion stability was cumulative. Electric conductivities of the emulsion phases of all samples decreased with aging time. The conductivity of the CSL emulsion was much higher than those of other phospholipid emulsions. The increasing order of the emulsion conductivities (PI>PE>PC) was parallel with that of the emulsion stability, and the conductivity of the PC emulsion showing worst stability was very low and decreased rapidly during aging. Very high conductivity was observed for the emulsions with two and three phospholipid mixtures and the value of the sample containing greater amount of PI was very high. These results suggest that the interfacial film structure and the charge strength of emulsion droplets may depend on the electrical charge of phospholipid resulting in the different stabilities of individual emulsions. (Received May. 30, 1983)


Memory disaggregation allows applications running on compute servers to expand their pool of available memory capacity by leveraging remote resources through low-latency networks. Unfortunately, in existing software-level disaggregation frameworks, the simple act of issuing requests to remote memory---paid on every access---can consume many CPU cycles. This overhead represents a direct cost to disaggregation, not only on the throughput of remote memory access but also on application logic, which must contend with the framework's CPU overheads. In this paper, we present Cowbird, a memory disaggregation architecture that frees compute servers to fulfill their stated purpose by removing disaggregation-related logic from their CPUs. Our experimental evaluation shows that Cowbird eliminates dis-aggregation overhead on compute-server CPUs and can improve end-to-end application performance by up to 3.5× compared to RDMA-only communication.


An acoustic inversion technique, known as Geo‐Acoustic Doppler Spectroscopy, has recently been developed for estimating the geo‐acoustic parameters of the seabed in shallow water. The technique is unusual in that it utilizes a low‐flying, propeller‐driven light aircraft as an acoustic source. Both the engine and propeller produce sound and, since they are rotating sources, the acoustic signature of each takes the form of a sequence of narrow‐band harmonics. Although the coupling of the harmonics across the air‐sea interface is inefficient, due to the large impedance mismatch between air and water, sufficient energy penetrates the sea surface to provide a useable underwater signal at sensors either in the water column or buried in the sediment. The received signals, which are significantly Doppler shifted due to the motion of the aircraft, will have experienced a number of reflections from the seabed and thus they contain information about the sediment. A geo‐acoustic inversion of the Doppler‐shifted modes...


Abstract Richtmyer-Meshkov experiments for a membrane-less, sinusoidal gas interface are carried out in a vertical shock tube for a pre-shock Atwood number (A = (σ2 – σ1)/(σ1 + σ2)) of approximately 0.68 at M = 1.26 and M = 2.05. The perturbation amplitude is obtained by analyzing a time sequence of pre-shock and post-shock images. The Mikaelian and Dimonte & Schneider models both predict the observed growth in the perturbation amplitude, with better agreement obtained for the data at M = 1.26.


Performance offaceverification systems can beadversely affected byanumberofdifferent mismatches (e.g. illumination, expression, alignment, etc.) between gallery andprobe images. Inthis paper,we demonstrate thatrepresentations ofthefaceusedduring theverification processshould be driven bytheir sensitivity tothese mismatches. Tworepresentation categories ofthefaceareproposed, partsand reflectance, eachmotivated bytheir own properties ofinvariance andsensitivity todifferent typesofmismatches (i. e. spatial andspectral). Weadditionally demonstrate that the employment ofthesum rule gives approximately equivalent performance tomore exotic combination strategies based on supportvectormachine (SVM)classifiers, without the needfortraining on a tuning set.Improved performance isdemonstrated, witha reduction infalse reject rateof over30%whencompared tothesingle representation algorithm. Experiments were conducted on a subset ofthechallenging FaceRecognition GrandChallenge (FRGC)v].O dataset.


Pleating a web, or as described herein for a method and apparatus for shaping in another manner. The method and apparatus can have many applications. In some embodiments, the method and apparatus, the formation of the unit dose packages for consumer products, are used filled, and sealed. It described herein also methods and apparatus for sealing to form two moving webs together having a portion which is non-planar.


Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) are driven by motor, which is an excellent actuator for motion control compared to combustion engines or hydraulic braking systems. One essential advantage or motor is its fast and precise torque response. Thus, for EVs, fast, feedback control can be applied in EVs. In this paper such fast feedback control with motor is applied for anti skid control, Some experimental results show the anti skid effect of motor feedback controller which attempts to increase the equivalent wheel inertia. Then the influence of actuator's response delay is evaluated, resulting that such feedback control is difficult with slow actuator like hydraulic braking system. These discussions indicate the advantages of motor. however the actual braking systems in most EVs and hybrid EV (HEVs) are not pure electric ones at this moment. Therefore, regenerative braking control cooperating with hydraulic braking is also proposed and discussed. It reduces the braking distance by 20% in the simulations.


An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes that dynamically form a temporary network and are infrastructure less. A black hole is a malicious node that incorrectly replies the route requests that it has a fresh route to destination and then it drops all the receiving packets. The damage will be serious if malicious nodes work together as a group. This type of attack is called cooperative black hole attack. This paper includes the behavior of the Black Hole node studied by considering different scenarios. Performance of the Black Hole ADOV protocol has been analyzed by varying the number of mobile nodes and black hole nodes. The protocol is analyzed on various performance metrics like packet loss, packet delivery ratio and average end to end delay. It is observed that the effect on packet loss is much lower as compare to effect on delay. I. Introduction Ad hoc network [1] is a wireless network without having any fixed infrastructure. Each mobile node in an ad hoc network moves arbitrarily and acts as both a router and a host. A wireless ad-hoc network consists of a collection of "peer" mobile nodes that are capable of communicating with each other without help from a fixed infrastructure. The interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on a continual and arbitrary basis. Nodes within each other's radio range communicate directly via wireless links, while those that are far apart use other nodes as relays. Nodes usually share the same physical media; they transmit and acquire signals at the same frequency band. However, due to their inherent characteristics of dynamic topology and lack of centralized management security, MANET is vulnerable to various kinds of attacks. Black hole attack [2] is one of many possible attacks in MANET. Black hole attack can occur when the malicious node on the path directly attacks the data traffic and intentionally drops, delay or alter the data traffic passing through it. This attack can be easily lessen by setting the promiscuous mode of each node and to see if the next node on the path forward the data traffic as expected. Another type of black hole attack is to attack routing control traffic.


Abstract : An aquarium technique for the measurement of shock and detonation pressures is described which is capable of measuring accurately pressures over a range extending from roughly one to several hundred kilobars. An experimental determination of the equation of state for water, upon which use of the aquarium technique relies, is presented and compared with results obtained by other investigators. Similar data are presented for lucite. Measurements of pressures at the detonation front for a variety of explosives including both ideal and nonideal ones are presented for various charge diameters and lengths using explosives of widely different reaction zone lengths. These pressures were found to correspond to the Chapman-Jouguet value of the detonation pressure calculated from thermohydrodynamic theory.


Monoprotonated aliphatic hydroxylamines, acetone oxime, and dimethyl sulfoxide as their fluoroantimonate salts (prepared from the corresponding hydrochloric acid salts) in SbF5-SOzClF (or SOz) solution were studied to determine the site of protonation. Subsequently, diprotonation was also investigated in HSOsF-SbFs (magic acid) solution. From the 'H and 13C NMR data of the static and exchanging species it was possible to determine the site of monoprotonation, as well as an indication of diprotonation. MINDO/3 calculations were also carried out on the parent, mono-, and diprotonated forms of dimethyl sulfoxide. The calculated and experimental results gave good agreement. Weak bases (I) are protonated in strong acids of increasing strength. Whether a static protonated form (2) is observed depends primarily upon the relative acidity constant. In some cases, an equilibrium between 1 and 2 was observed in sulfuric and fluorosulfuric acid solutions, due to the very weak basicity of the studied corn pound^.^^^ With the use of mixtures of fluorosulfuric acid and antimony pentafluoride (magic acid) the acidity constant Ho can be greatly increased, allowing the complete protonation of weaker bases, forming the static protonated onium ions.* H+ +