Although a latecomer to the field of university tourism and hospitality education (THE), Australia has gained a considerable reputation for its research and educational programmes over the past three decades. There is a substantial literature on the birth and early development of tourism and hospitality education in Australia, but little on future directions, challenges and opportunities. This investigation of current issues and future challenges draws upon surveys of stakeholders, including programme directors as well as the views of the authors as active participants in the education field since the mid-1980s. The future for tourism and hospitality education in Australia appears positive, though supply is growing faster than demand, which is a challenge for existing providers. An apparently saturated domestic market for THE programmes is prompting some institutions to reconsider their commitment to the tourism and hospitality field. Providers are confronting a softening of overall demand for tourism in favour of emerging areas such as event management and an over-dependence on overseas students, particularly in postgraduate coursework programmes. The private sector and the government funded vocational education and training (VET) sector is moving rapidly into degree level provision. This threatens student demand for University programmes and to the teaching/research nexus which has been a growing feature of the University sector. Concerns are emerging over the likely depletion of teaching expertise as many baby boomer educators retire over the next few years. This paper presents these challenges and discusses some alternate scenarios.


The study has made an attempt to measure technical efficiency (TE) in rice productivity in Odisha during the period of 2011–13. An input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) has estimated the average TE score at 79.10 per cent, indicating overuse of critical input resources to the tune of 20.90 per cent. The model found seed and fertilizers use can be reduced to the extent of 4.14 kg/ha and 26.58 kg/ha, respectively, without affecting the current productivity. Malmquist Index analysis for panel data on TE change indicates regress in efficiency for 14 districts, progress for 13 districts and no change for 3 districts. Nevertheless, the mean value of TE change over the study period was found to be 1, pointing neither progress nor regress in input resource utilization. The observed technical inefficiencies in resource use may be attributed to four important factors: (a) very small-sized operational land holding; (b) better off-farm income-generating activities and fluctuations of agricultural product prices; (c) traditional mindset of older farmers; and (d) low degree of involvement of farmers with the cooperative bodies. The DEA results suggest need for adoption of more efficient resource management practices in the state's rice cultivation scenario.


Abstract Objectives U-Act-Early was a 2-year, randomized placebo controlled, double-blind trial, in which DMARD-naïve early RA patients were treated to the target of sustained remission (SR). Two strategies initiating tocilizumab (TCZ), with and without methotrexate (MTX), were more effective than a strategy initiating MTX. The aim of the current study was to determine longer-term effectiveness in daily clinical practice. Methods At the end of U-Act-Early, patients were included in a 3-year post-trial follow-up (PTFU), in which treatment was according to standard care and data were collected every 3 months during the first year and every 6 months thereafter. Primary end point was disease activity score assessing 28 joints (DAS28) over time. Mixed effects models were used to compare effectiveness between initial strategy groups, correcting for relevant confounders. Between the groups as randomized, proportions of patients were tested for DMARD use, SR and radiographic progression of joint damage. Results Of patients starting U-Act-Early, 226/317 (71%) participated in the PTFU. Over the total 5 years, mean DAS28 was similar between groups (P > 0.20). During U-Act-Early, biologic DMARD use decreased in both TCZ initiation groups and increased in the MTX initiation group, but during follow-up this trend did not continue. SR was achieved at least once in 99% of patients. Of the 226 patients, only 30% had any radiographic progression over 5 years, without significant differences between the groups. Conclusion Although in the short-term the strategies initiating TCZ yielded the most clinical benefit, in the longer-term differences in important clinical outcomes between the strategies disappeared, probably due to continuation of the treat-to-target principle.


ABSTRACT Boundaries have become significant objects of interdisciplinary research during the last decade, but their roles have not been discussed very often in the context of tourism, which in actual fact is crucially linked with many contemporary tendencies such as the opening of borders between formerly closed realms of the world or flows of capital and people. This paper analyses the historical and geographical roles of the Finnish-Russian border in relation to tourism. The border was strictly guarded and almost entirely closed in Soviet times. It was a taboo that interested a lot of foreign visitors to Finland. And it interested the Finns as well, because on the other side was the ceded area of Karelia that had been part of Finland before the war but now totally inaccessible to foreign visitors or former residents. It was also the transformation zone of imagined cultural landscapes. When the physical border shifted westwards after the war, so did the Karelian cultural landscape and its representations. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union the border has become much more open and tourism has increased enormously.


The study of complex systems consisting of many interacting subsystems requires the use of analytical tools which can detect statistical dependencies between time series recorded from these subsystems. Typical examples are the electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) which may involve the simultaneous recording of 150 or more time series. Coherency, which is often used to study such data, is only sensitive to linear and symmetric interdependencies and cannot deal with non-stationarity. Recently, several algorithms based upon the concept of generalized synchronization have been introduced to overcome some of the limitations of coherency estimates (e.g. [Physica D 134 (1999) 419; Brain Res. 792 (1998) 24]). However, these methods are biased by the degrees of freedom of the interacting subsystems [Physica D 134 (1999) 419; Physica D 148 (2001) 147]. We propose a novel measure for generalized synchronization in multivariate data sets which avoids this bias and can deal with non-stationary dynamics. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 05.45. +b; 87.10. +e; 87.22. −q; 87.22.Jb


In this paper, an analytical solution is developed to investigate soil consolidation around a pile under earthquake loading. The solution is validated using finite element method. The influence of various parameters on excess pore water pressure is analyzed. The results show that excess pore water pressure increases with depth and is positively correlated with n and Neq/N1, while negatively correlated with η, χ, kv, and td. The values of η, χ, kv, Neq/N1, and td affect excess pore water pressure during and after the earthquake, while the value of n only affects excess pore water pressure after the earthquake. The growth rate of excess pore water pressure during the earthquake is positively correlated with n, η, kv, and Neq/N1, and negatively correlated with χ and td. The dissipation rate of excess pore water pressure during the earthquake is positively correlated with η, χ, kv, Neq/N1, and td, and negatively correlated with n. Additionally, a formula for calculating the reconsolidation settlement of pile-soil foundation after an earthquake is proposed, and the effects of pile and soil parameters on pile-soil foundation reconsolidation settlement are analyzed. The results indicate that reconsolidation settlement can be divided into two stages: rapid settlement stage and slow settlement stage. The total settlement of the foundation is positively correlated with n, η, and Neq/N1, while negatively correlated with χ, kv, and td.


This study was to analyze the effect of leadership style and principal's motivation on teacher performance in SD Sekupang District, Batam.This research is a correlation research.From the results of multiple regression analysis that the principal's motivational style variable has a greater value in influencing teacher performance.From the test results, it can be concluded that the leadership style and motivation of the principal simultaneously and significantly affect the performance of elementary school teachers in Sekupang District, Batam.From the results of the t test, it can be concluded that the leadership style variable has a significant influence on performance.Likewise, the principal's motivation has a significant effect on performance with a significant level of  0.05


In this paper, we adapt the Faster-RCNN framework for the detection of underground buried objects (i.e. hyperbola reflections) in B-scan ground penetrating radar (GPR) images. Due to the lack of real data for training, we propose to incorporate more simulated radargrams generated from different configurations using the gprMax toolbox. Our designed CNN is first pre-trained on the grayscale Cifar-l0 database. Then, the Faster-RCNN framework based on the pre-trained CNN is trained and fine-tuned on both real and simulated GPR data. Preliminary detection results show that the proposed technique can provide significant improvements compared to classical computer vision methods and hence becomes quite promising to deal with this kind of specific GPR data even with few training samples.


Reaction of 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole with α,α′-dibromoxylene affords a new tetradentate ligand L having two bidentate pyridyl-pyrazole compartments linked by an o-CH2C6H4CH2 spacer. With CuI, L forms a dinuclear double helicate [Cu2L2][PF6]2 in which both ligands are bridging both pseudo-tetrahedral metal ions, which are 5.05 A apart. However L does not support a double helical architecture with CuII. Reaction of L with CuCl2 affords [CuLCl][BF4] which is trigonal bipyramidal both in the solid state (by X-ray crystallography) and in solution (by EPR spectroscopy). Reaction of L with Cu(MeCO2)2·H2O affords [Cu2L3][BF4]4 which was characterised by mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. By analogy with the (known) nickel(II) analogue, this complex has one ligand acting as a bis-bidentate bridge between two {CuL}2+ fragments in which L acts as a terminal tetradentate chelating ligand. Recrystallisation of this afforded a few crystals of the decomposition product [CuL(MeOH)][CuL(SiF6)][BF4]2, which contains trigonal-bipyramidal [CuL(MeOH)]2+ and six-co-ordinate [CuL(SiF6)] fragments, the latter displaying the first known example of the hexafluorosilicate anion acting as a bidentate chelating F,F-donor.


The technology of using pressure grouting to reinforce foundation is introduced through the analysis on the theory of pressure grouting, applicability, construction technology, quality control, matters needing attention, safety technology and so on. And from equipments, materials, grouting quantity, diffusion radius, grouting and plugging the whole construction process is introduced. This technology has good effect in reinforcement for the foundations with sand, gravel, soft clay and collapsible loess and with great popularizing value.


Aiming at the issues that the conventional TFPF( Time-Frequency Peak Filtering) doesn't consider the correlation between seismic channels and the radial-trace TFPF doesn't consider the real direction of the reflected event and the reflected event is locally linear, we propose self-adaptive radial-trace Time-frequency peak filtering. The new method finds the direction of the reflected event in the local area by utilizing the self-adaptive function and maps the event to radial-trace area along the direction by RTT( Radial-Trace Transform),and can improve the linearity of the signal. Consequently,it is more close to the unbiased TFPF and can reduce the error caused by the low linearity. Experiment results indicate that this method can provide better performance in both random-noise attenuation and reflected signal preservation. When selecting same window length,the method can increase the SNR( Signal-to Noise Ratio) by 5 d B more than traditional TFPF and 3 d B more than radial-trace TFPF.


Adenosine is a naturally occurring compound within the human body. It is known to exert a wide range of physiological effects. A range of compounds which elict a similar response to adenosine in vivo have been synthesised and evaluated as cardioprotective agents.


With reference to the changes of flutter behavior of cable-supported bridges due to increase in span length of a cable-stayed bridge over 1 000 m, and a suspension bridge up to 2 000~3 000 m, this paper investigates the impacts of natural vibration of the stay cables or suspension cables on the flutter behavior and the inapplicability of existing analysis methods, and proposes modifications to the corresponding analysis methods. It is considered in the investigation that the natural vibration of both the cables should be taken into account, and moreover, when characteristic equations are solved, the full-mode method must be employed in order to include the impacts of the natural vibration of the cables; the models of multi-link elements or the generalized DOF element can reveal the natural vibration modes of the cables perfectly; and appropriate treatments must be introduced into the solving process of the characteristic equations used with full-mode method in order to make the obtained characteristic solution include the flutter modes.


We study the quantum transport of multi-photon Fock states in one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard lattices implemented in QED cavity arrays (QCAs). We propose an optical scheme to probe the underlying many-body states of the system by analyzing the properties of the transmitted light using scattering theory. To this end, we employ the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism within which an analytical form of the scattering matrix can be found. The latter is evaluated explicitly for the two particle/photon-two site case using which we study the resonance properties of two-photon scattering, as well as the scattering probabilities and the second-order intensity correlations of the transmitted light. The results indicate that the underlying structure of the many-body states of the model in question can be directly inferred from the physical properties of the transported photons in its QCA realization. We find that a fully-resonant two-photon scattering scenario allows a faithful characterization of the underlying many-body states, unlike in the coherent driving scenario usually employed in quantum Master equation treatments. The effects of losses in the cavities, as well as the incoming photons' pulse shapes and initial correlations are studied and analyzed. Our method is general and can be applied to probe the structure of any many-body bosonic models amenable to a QCA implementation including the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard, the extended Bose-Hubbard as well as a whole range of spin models.


The Guidebook, presented in two volumes, provides a methodology for applying reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) evaluation techniques to the special needs of a nuclear waste repository. The qualitative and quantitative methods show how RAM considerations may be incorporated into equipment design documentation to improve the reliability and maintainability of repository equipment and systems. The qualitative techniques for applying RAM principles in the design process include the use and preparation of reliability block diagrams, failure modes and effects analysis, and an availability improvement list. The quantitative evaluation techniques involve allocation of availability goals, acquisition of reliability data, definition of data and modeling uncertainties, and quantification of system reliability or availability. Using the Conceptual Reference Repository Design (CRRD) as a basis, step-by-step instructions are provided for applying RAM tools such as systems modeling, failure modes and effects analysis, fault tree analysis, Markov model, maintainability task analysis, uncertainty analysis (Bayes' theorem), etc. The recommended computer programs that would facilitate application of the methodology are also discussed.


The Mt. Hibernia Schist occurs in fault-bounded blocks on the southwestern side of the Blue Mountain Inlier in eastern Jamaica. The metamorphosed sediments and volcanic rocks are part of an Early Cretaceous accretionary complex. The metamorphism reflects a Sanbagawa facies series, wherein two facies, blueschist and greenschist, and transitional schist are recognized. The typical assemblages are: blueschist: Gln + Pmp + [Epi] + Act + Chl + Qtz + Alb + Cpx; transitional: Gln + Pmp + Epi + Act + Chl + Qtz + Alb + Cpx; greenschist: Epi + Act + Chl + Qtz + Alb + Cpx, where only traces of epidote (square brackets) occur in the blueschist assemblage. The clinopyroxene is relict in all assemblages. P-T conditions for the blueschist and transitional schist were estimated by multiple equilibria analysis involving mineral components in NCMASH. Estimated P-T conditions for the blueschist are 5.1-6.2 kbars and 290-366°C. Estimated P-T conditions for the transitional schist are 2.6-3.5 kbar and 235-240°C. Textural relationships indicate a retrograde paragenesis (blueschist to greenschist), which can be summarized by a reaction of the general form: Gln + Pmp + Cpx + Qtz = Act + Epi + Chl + Alb (1). Details of the transition are explained by three NCMASH+Fe2O3 equilibria, here generalized: Gln + Epi + Qtz + H2O = Act + Chl + Alb (2); Pmp = Epi + H2O (3); and Gln + Pmp + Qtz = Act + Epi + Chl + Alb + H2O (4). The highest P-T conditions are represented by the blueschist assemblage, Gln + Pmp + Act + Chl + Qtz + Alb + (relict Cpx). Upon decompression and cooling, conditions meet reaction (4). The equilibrium accounts for the transitional assemblage, Gln + Pmp + Epi + Act + Chl + Qtz + Alb + (Cpx), marked by the presence of epidote. Viewed as a reaction, equilibrium (4) ceases when either the glaucophane or the pumpellyite is used up, resulting in two possible assemblages—Act + Epi + Pmp + Chl + Alb + Qtz or Gln + Act + Epi + Chl + Alb + Qtz—neither of which is the greenschist assemblage. The final greenschist assemblage comes about as the result of the elimination of any remaining glaucophane or pumpelleyite by reactions (2) and (3), respectively. We propose a two-stage retrograde P-T-time path, involving (1) prolonged residence at a particular depth, consistent with a pressure of about 5 kbar for the transitional schist, followed by (2) rapid uplift and exhumation.


Statement of the problem. The Kharkiv composer school is rich in artists who turn to the tradition of church music and embody it in various modifications. The concert type of sacred music, reflecting the style of the postmodern era, is clearly expressed in the work of O. Shchetynsky, V. Muzhchil, I. Haidenko, M. Shukh, and others. However, it is important to pay attention to the work of composers representing the church type of culture and known only in the narrow circle of regents. The purpose of the study is to identify the stylistic features of spiritual choral works by modern Kharkiv composers Volodymyr Fainer, Liudmyla Vyshnevska, Vasyl Borysenko, whose creative activity is connected with the direct practice of temple singing. Recent research and publications showed that the choral works by V. Fainer is explored rather well, first of all, in the articles of S. Anhelovska (2010), while L. Vyshnevska's and V. Borysenko's compositions almost are not researched. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in systemating of information about V. Fainer's work, as well as in the first experience of genre-stylistic analysis of spiritual choral works written by L. Vyshnevska and V. Borysenko. Research methods. The study of the spiritual choral work of modern Kharkiv composers required the interaction of general and special scientific tools (historical, genre-semantic, stylistic, functional-structural research methods) taking into account the concept of 'Homo credens' in liturgical choral genres (Shapovalova, 2010). Results and conclusion. The style of thinking of the 21st century spiritual composers is characterized by a combination of tradition and innovation, by genre diversity, and stylistic searches. The artists, whose work is focused on the traditional models and liturgical function of the spiritual genres, deserve on special attention. So, V. Fainer created his own original style of church works, using polyphonic techniques subording to contemplative prayer moods. L. Vishnevska masterful uses emotional expressive melody, colorful harmony and choral timbres, developed dramaturgy, bright climaxes, due to that her choral works can be performed both at Divine services and in concert format. V. Borysenko gravitates to the tradition of ancient orthodox church chants, varying often only one theme by harmonic and textural-timbral means. In general, their creative work is oriented towards the traditional genre model in its primary confessional source with the use of the indnvidual author's music language. Their works are marked by a sincere prayer orientation and high spirituality, which appeals to the ethical values of Christianity, deeply rooted in the national self-consciousness of Ukrainians.


. A synergetic model of the transition to a non-crystalline state is proposed, which enables us to investigate the temperature dependence of the microscopic parameters (mean-square displacements, the proportion of atoms in soft atomic configurations, power constants) under the influence of the external control parameter – the cooling velocity. Their analysis has been performed on the basis of experimental researches for non-crystalline semiconductors of the system As–S(Se). It has been shown that formation of self-organized structures in the non-crystalline solids is carried out in accordance with the technological conditions of obtaining as a method of the system self-organization. The dependence of the period and lifetime of self-organized structures on the cooling velocity has been studied. The established value of the period of spatial inhomogeneity L c ≈ 10…10 2 Å correlates with the nanosized midlle order in non-crystalline materials of the system As-S(Se) and decreases with increasing the cooling velocity.


The decline of the movie theater is perhaps one of the most significant manifestations of the evolution of the US movie industry. Consequently, the emergence of new technologies (television, cable, home video, to name but a few) has been interpreted as a sign of the potential demise of the Hollywood cinema. Movies are sometimes depicted as little more than commodities peddled to the general public by an entertainment industry obsessed with state-of-the-art technology and profit rather than artistic achievement. By focusing on spectatorship as well as the exhibition end of the film trade, this paper endeavors to show that these new communication technologies cannot really be construed as a threat to the Hollywood cinema, or for that matter to cinema at large.


There was one glaring omission in the eighth review of The Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine through the American Board of Emergency Medicine. Important topics, such as transgender care, social determinants of health, and firearm injury were added. However, the health effects of climate change was absent. There is no denying that climate change is in our lane. Climate change is as much about human health as it is about the environment. Time and again, we have seen the current detrimental health outcomes because of climate change, including poor birth outcomes, cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, and renal disease. We see air pollution linked to COVID-19 mortality and see that the populations most greatly affected by climate change are the BIPOC communities currently fighting for safety. We see our patients displaced from wildfires and inundated from hurricanes. How can we respond to climate change as frontline providers, as health experts within our communities, if we are never trained in the topic? When COVID-19 reared its head, we educated ourselves. We read the literature and listened to podcasts. Then, we used the evidence to advocate for evidence-based practices, PPE, and community masking for public safety. Our voices carried weight given our training. As the Black Lives Matter movement (finally) gained the national spotlight, we instituted trainings in our faculty groups, discussed diversity in our residency and medical school classes, and wore our white coats to protests. Yet, our response to the climate change crisis has been largely silent save a few voices. Understanding how climate change, heat, and air pollution affect us allows us to identify root causes of pathologies and at-risk populations and provide appropriate counseling. During increasingly frequent heat waves, I now screen patients to see if they have air conditioning or access to a cooling center. While I used to routinely counsel patients with chronic conditions or mental illness to incorporate walking outside, I now inquire as to what that environment looks like. Do they live next to a highway? Within an urban heat island? One clear way to address this gap is to train our residents on the current and projected health effects of climate change. I do not mean a one-off, 1-hour lecture on CO2 admission and the greenhouse gas effect. I am referring to an integrated systemic change in curriculum. Why, despite being known as a risk factor, is air particulate level not discussed as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? And why is the risk of heat not discussed in lectures on spontaneous abortion? In the infectious disease lectures, why are we not systematically teaching about


Animal models play an important role in the research of type II diabetes.The diabetes study based on animal models is of great significance for pathogenesis,prevention,diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.In this paper,type II diabetic animal models and their construction were reviewed,which will provide important reference for the development of type II diabetic animal models.


A reconfigurable planar antenna design bandwidth operating in ultra wide band (UWB) applications with compact dimensions of (50 × 25× 1) mm3 is proposed. The switching capability is achieved by using a two PIN diodes F-shaped slot and a two narrow vertical slot. A defected ground structure is used to improve a range of frequency from 0.83 GHz to 5.24 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 4.41 GHz. Moreover, the flow of current within the patch's radiation is controlled via pair of PIN diodes situated at the centre with in the patch in the F-shape slot. A retractable patch antenna design is offered, and the bandwidth re-configurability is attained by manipulating the operational states of the PIN diodes. As result, we get a reconfigurable Circular Polarization (CP). Furthermore, the proposed antenna demonstrated an efficiency of 88.55% infrequencies operating at 3 dB Axial Ratio (AR) bandwidths. All achieved results shows that our antenna design is working much with 5G and UWB application.


Digital map represents an important symbol of Modern Cartography,and with it being the disciplinary core,there appeared several kinds of map products such as map databases,printed maps,electronic maps,mobile maps,and internet maps,etc.,as well as variety of map developing and application modes.This paper discusses systematically the theory,method,technology and application of digital map.First of all,theoretic achievements of digital maps were expounded,and then the system structure frame of digital maps was discussed.Secondly,technological development of digital maps on data management,generalization,visualization and thematic map editing were presented.Thirdly,new framework of digital map products was raised up.Finally,some samples of digital map analysis and new way of applications were displayed.All this covered every point in the field of digital map research.


Students determine the relative atomic masses of calcium, magnesium, and aluminum by reaction with hydrochloric acid and measurement of the volume of hydrogen gas liberated. The experiment demonstrates stoichiometry and illustrates clearly that mass of the reagent is not the determinant of the amounts in chemical reactions. The experiment is intended for students undertaking a first course in introductory chemistry.


Pichia pastoris expression system is one of the most successful expression systems for foreign proteins currently. The development and utilization of its promoters have also drawn wide attention. Alcohol oxidase 1 promoter is the most widely used promoter in Pichia pastoris. Many other promoters, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter, formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter, have also been exploited and used in the need of foreign protein expression. The origin and characteristics of promoters, as well as foreign protein expression of Pichia pastoris are summarized in this paper to provide references for the choice of promoters.

Key words:
Pichia; Promoter; Transcription, genetic


This paper presents research results of industrial standard IEC 60870, presents design engineering data communications network using a standard for supervisor control system in electrical power engineering. The aim of the work is creation of realistic physical model multistaged network, quality level analysis this model and quality level analysis link protocol IEC 60870-5-104. Finally, article ends with approaches and methods of this task solution.


A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, accelerated by imposing surface impedance boundary condition (SIBC), is implemented to compute the scattering fields from a hyper-arid soil above an aquifer. An estimation method of water-table depth beneath ground surface is proposed, which is based on the interference pattern of backscattering fields at normal incidence.


To realize the remote detection of the leak of a buried natural gas pipeline by an airborne laser,a helicopter-borne laser autonomous positioning method for the buried natural gas pipeline was presented.Based on the position and attitude of the carrier aircraft obtained by an airborne GPS and an inertial attitude measurement system,the laser autonomous positioning point of the pipeline was obtained based on the known location information and by the space vector method.Furthermore,the azimuth and pitch angles of the airborne laser were solved through the coordinate transformation.Finally,driven by the mechanism,the laser-guiding positioning of the pipeline was fulfilled.With application of the laser clamping alignment mechanism independently developed by ourselves,the ground point-fixed experiment proves that the proposed algorithm can offer the accuracy of the ground positioning by 6.9 m,and it will be more accurate when the precision of the carrier aircraft attitude and the position sensor is further improved.Experiments demonstrate that the algorithm is suitable for the remote detection of the buried natural gas pipeline by airborne lasers.


Bamboo ropes assembled in parallel and filled with mortar to create a composite structure. This study uses fixed loads and uses the EYM method. The purpose of this study is to investigate how connection strength, maximum load and stiffness values in normal weight concrete. The concrete design 25MPa used for threaded connections with diameters of 6 mm, 8 mm, and length of 40 cm. This study provides a maximum stress analysis of bolted joint strength and joint behavior. In this test, the study yielded a P-max value of 88.25kN at 6 mm diameter and a P min value of 16.87kN at 6 mm diameter for each variation of the sample. The P-Max value for 8 mm diameter is 29.71kN and the P-Min value for 8 mm diameter is 10.1kN. The stiffness values for each variant with a K-Max value of 41.53kN for diameter six and a K-Min value of 0.96kN for diameter six are 1.98kN K-Max value and 1.98kN K-Min value for diameter 8 mm, 0.21kN for diameter eight. The lateral resistance gives the same result of 8.8kN as for the ones melting point model. The maximum value of the pivot strength at 6 mm diameter and 40% load is 41.53kN/mm2. The highest value of the 40% load test with a diameter of 8 mm is 1.98kN/mm2. Two angle variations used in the test: 45° and 60°. The angular change of the sample damaged during the test was 60°, and the sample damage was 8 mm in diameter.


Research indicates that children and young adults are at risk for noise-induced hearing loss and can benefi t from hearing conservation instruction. The purpose of this study was to examine participant learning about hearing conservation topics, including background information (e.g., anatomy and physiology) and hearing conservationspecifi c content (e.g., hearing loss prevention), as presented through a lecture vs. a computer-based format and assessed by a 20-point post-instruction exam. The results indicated greater learning of background content for lecture instruction, but no difference between instructional modes for hearing conservation-specifi c material. These data are discussed in terms of implications for secondary education.


Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy of biliary tract stent placing for malignant obstruction of biliary tract by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography(PTC) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography(ERC).Methods PTC approach: choosing the expansion intrahepatic bile duct which had a large angle traveling with common bile duct at the ultrasound-guided,we performed bile duct puncture and inserted the drainage pipe into it,then stent was placed with 68 cases (2 cases among the total were failure of ERC approach) after a week drainage. ERC approach: inserting drainage tube into the common bile duct by duodenal endoscopic retrogradely, the angiography showed obstruction site,the guide wire inserted through the obstruction site,then stent was placed along the guide wire with 53 cases.Results The achievement ratio of stent placing by PTC was 100%(68/68), and which by ERC was 96.2%(51/53).The complications (bleeding, bile leakage) didn't happen in two groups.1-18 months(average 12.4 months) of follow-up,the died cases of PTC group and ERC group were 7 and 5 cases within 6 months,respectively;the survive cases of which were 17 and 9 cases after 18 months of treatment,respectively.Conclusions The biliary tract stent placing is a safe and effective method to the malignant obstruction of biliary tract patients who can not drainage tube be treated by operation.It can relieve biliary obstruction efficiency,and can increase live time and life quality for patients.We can choose the stent placing method by ERC for cases whose obstruction site is at the inferior of common bile duct or duodenal ampulla,and the cases whose obstruction site is at the above of hepatic porta should be chosen by PTC.


We propose a variant of the Kolmogorov concept of complexity which yields a common theory of finite and infinite random sequences. The process complexity does not oscillate. We establish some concepts of effective tests which are proved to be equivalent.


The analysis, which serves as the foundation for this report, concentrates on New Hampshire's manufacturing sectors. The report analyzes manufacturing exports of all 10 Northeastern states, concentrating on New Hampshire's recent performance. Through analytical techniques, the state's export sectors are identified, particularly those in which the manufacturers are already outperforming export manufacturers in other states. The most promising export sectors are identified. The report then analyzes the world market for these products?the ones that New Hampshire manufacturers are already good at exporting.


rapid growth of mobile communication has changed the vision of cellular phones security. An easy accessibility condition causes cellular phones to be vulnerable against numerous and potentially devastating threats from hackers. Up to the moment, researchers have developed Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) capable of detecting attacks in several available environments. Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) evolved after that to resolve ambiguities in passive network monitoring by placing detection systems on the line of attack. This paper presents an overview cellular phones security based upon CDMA technology specially on cell phone cloning.


of photographs of Kennedy, Lubin is more successful at demonstrating that all popular texts constructed in the United States after World War II may somehow be connected with each other. In chapter 5, Lubin argues that images of John and Jacqueline Kennedy riding in a motorcade on the day of the shooting reminded audiences of the Clampets, who rode into Beverly Hills in an old jalopy during the opening to the popular television program The Beverly Hillbillies. Chapter 5 then describes Kennedy's awareness of rural poverty in the United States, and other mass media entertainment set in Appalachia. Indeed, The Beverly Hillbillies and John Kennedy's domestic policy initiatives both recognized problems of poverty in rural America, but the image of hoodless automobiles does not directly relate to images of poverty. By linking texts through their loose associations with one another, Lubin unwittingly articulates a variation on the game Six Degrees of Separation, where players tie two seemingly unconnected celebrities together through their associations with other celebrities. The ingenuity of this game, at least in theory, is that everyone on earth can be affiliated with someone else through their relationships with other people. Likewise, Lubin demonstrates that every text in popular culture may also be connected to another text, including a photograph of Kennedy, by association or resemblance to other texts in popular culture. These associations don't always prove that texts preceding photographs of Kennedy shaped how audiences understood Kennedy. Despite these limitations, Shooting Kennedy is a fascinating book, and well worth reading. Lubin writes beautifully about the connections between these texts. His analysis of the resemblances between art in the history of Western culture and photographs of President Kennedy demonstrates that visual images have legacies that they draw from when they become salient to contemporary popular culture. Likewise, his elucidation of the ways that texts in politics and popular culture intersect in unexpected ways suggests that works of art and politics are inevitably entangled, for they are both part of a broader narrative about a common cultural heritage.


The international crisis in emergency care

The papers by Trzeciak1 and Fatovich,2 along with the commentary by Schull,3 highlight the international dimension to the problem of crowed emergency departments (ED). To deal with this problem the United Kingdom National Health Service has published ambitious plans that state that all patients should be seen, assessed, treated, and either admitted or discharged within four hours.4 As part of this initiative, department times in the EDs in England were assessed during the last week in March. The published results indicated that almost all EDs met the interim "target" of having at least 90% of patients being discharged or admitted within four hours of arrival.

The question that many are asking is what does this target mean from the patient's perspective? Few would disagree with using department times as a surrogate measure of efficiency and progress. All patients seem to take high quality care for granted and waiting time is …


This paper examines the extant research literature on teacher socialisation and discusses the implications of this analysis for pratice in teacher education Programms. The focus is on English language literature on Teacher socialisation form the USA, the United Kingdom and Australia. Also, the focus is on the problem of teacher socialisation at three points in time: (I) prior to formal training, (2) during initial training, and (3) during the early years of a teaching carreer. Finally, two aspects of the problem of teacher socialisation and education will be highlighted: (1) the influence of specific socialising agents and mechanisms on teacher development, (2) the relative contribution of individual intent and institutional constraint to the socialisation of teachers.


Aim: To evaluate whether useful treatment unilateral fallopian tube abnormality patients receive spontaneous treatment under primary treatment. Methods: Total of 823 patients with a desire to achieve pregnancy who underwent hysterosalpingography (HSG) were divided into three groups according to their HSG results as follows: normal, unilateral abnormality, and bilateral abnormality. Treatment results (pregnancy rate, spontaneous abortion rate, and multiple pregnancy rate) with or without assisted reproductive technology (ART) were determined and compared. Results: Of the 823 patients, 483 (58.7%) achieved a pregnancy, 95 (19.7%) suffered a spontaneous abortion, 7 (1.4%) had ectopic pregnancies, and 13 (2.7%) had multiple pregnancies. The 483 patients who became pregnant were classified as follows: 432 of 715 (60.4%) in the normal Fallopian tube group; 46 of 90 (51%) in the unilateral abnormality group; and 5 of 18 (28%) in the bilateral abnormality group. No significant difference was found between the groups. Conclusion: There were no significant pregnancy rate differences between the three groups. The study demonstrated that a high pregnancy rate could be achieved with general infertility treatment to unilateral Fallopian tube abnormality patients.


The paschal mystery of Jesus Christ would not have been understood as a redemptive event to save humanity if the experience of the last supper had not existed, in which Jesus revealed to the Apostles the true meaning of his body and flesh being given up for humankind. In this sense, just as the last supper was interpreted as the paschal mystery, so the eucharistic altar today realizes the liturgical hermeneutics of the pericopes that are proclaimed in the Lectionary. In every word and in every gesture of Jesus the paschal mystery is present, just as the whole is present in a single fragment. The way to interpret the Bible in the celebration consists of reading and understanding it from the point of view of the mystery of Christ. This is what characterizes the liturgical approach to Scripture.


Abstract: Five new species of Hypoderma are described from China. They are Hypoderma berberidis on living prickles of Berberis jamesiana, H. cuspidatum on twigs of Rhododendron sp., H. linderae on leaves of Lindera glauca, H. shiqii on twigs of Rhododendron sp., and H. smilacicola on leaves of Smilax bracteata. They differ from known species mainly by the shape and position of their ascomata as well as characteristics of ascospores. A key to nine Hypoderma species known for China is provided.


Abstract Sphecophaga vesparum burra (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) has been released at seven sites in New Zealand as a biological control agent for wasps (Vespula spp.). Between 1996 and 1998, more than 35 000 overwintering cocoons were released nationwide, more than half of them at two South Island sites: Binser Track in Arthur's Pass National Park (13 200 cocoons) and Tennyson Inlet in the Marlborough Sounds (13 660 cocoons). Monitoring at these two climatically and altitudinally disparate sites revealed that over 5000 adult parasitoids emerged at each site over the 4 years. More than 300 wasp nests were dug and inspected for attack by S. v. burra, but there was no evidence of establishment.


Introduction: There are few studies on the spiritual experiences of myocardial infarction patients in the light of cultural context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain the spiritual experiences of patients during heart attack. Method: This was a qualitative study. Nine (4 women, 5 men) myocardial infarction patients were interviewed (in-depth interview) in the CCUs of three hospitals in Shiraz. In addition, seven nurses participated in a focus group. Data gathering and analysis were performed simultaneously and continued until data saturation. All the interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis method was used for data analysis. Results: The participants' spiritual experiences were categorized into four themes and 11 subthemes. The main themes were trust in God, struggling with the heart, family (soothing and stress-inducing), and help-seeking. Conclusion: According to the results heart attack can bring spirituality in greater focus. Therefore, in order to deliver holistic care, health care providers must be concerned with their patients' spiritual experiences and needs, especially in life-threatening events.


ABSTRACT: In today's highly competitive market, celebrity endorsement is a widely used marketing technique in marketing communications; a credible strategy endorsed by brands not only used to attract and engage target customers in local markets but also used to reach out the global communities in the overseas markets. Research findings show that celebrity endorsement, when used effectively, increases purchase intention and sales; enabling brand familiarity and awareness among consumers. This paper aims to explain the cultural foundations of the celebrity endorsement in the context of meaning transfer model; concurrently examining the Turkish Airlines (THY) celebrity endorsement strategy; a full service carrier operating in Turkey. THY proved itself as a successful brand in Turkey in the use of global celebrities in integrated marketing communications while reaching up to the global customer base; in summary ended up with positive outcomes.


ABSTRACT Multilingualism is a major feature of European schools. The current study examines Danish data regarding teachers' behaviours, beliefs and attitudes about multilingualism. Data were collected using the Multilingual Classroom Questionnaire (MCQ) devised by the European Literacy Network. Sixty-one participants contributed to the Danish sample (85% females). The teachers who completed the questionnaire had a positive attitude to multilingualism, the value of maintaining and supporting children's first language (L1), and the importance of proficiency in L1 for developing language and literacy in children's second language (L2). Teachers' attitudes were influenced by their competence in a foreign language. Limitations and pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed.


Gender diversity and equality have a significant influence on policymaking regarding sustainable development, environmental issues, and urbanism. This study examines the general bibliometric outlook and research patterns of publications on gender equality, urbanism, and sustainability to provide a general perspective on the relevant literature and trends for institutions and scholars who wish to conduct research within the framework of gender, sustainability, and urbanism. The findings of this study show that there are a limited number of studies dealing with gender equality, sustainability, and urbanism. The study analyzed 308 papers in total, utilizing data mining and analytics techniques such as t-SNE and SNA for a systematic review process. The study utilized the PRISMA protocol as the research method. The results showed that research on the frame of gender, sustainability, and urbanism peaked in 2021, and the top countries for studying gender, sustainability, and urbanism are the USA, the UK, Spain, and China. The research fields that contributed the most were those dealing with environmental studies and green and sustainable technologies, followed by those dealing with business and women's studies. The following three thematically inclined clusters were revealed by the t-SNE analysis: (1) Gender Diversity, Corporate Sustainability, and Board Governance; (2) Gender, Environmental Sustainability, Sustainable Development, and Policy Agenda; and (3) Gender, Sustainable Urbanism, and Community Development. The findings of the study revealed that fostering gender equality with policies such as gender mainstreaming, as in SDG 5 and SDG 11, and gender equality strategies of the EU or UN will help to overcome discrimination against women in the urban space and empower sustainable development.


As well known, an infinitesimal projective or conformal transformation in a Kahlerian space M is necessarily an isometry provided that M is compact. Though the lack of projective transformations in M is filled up by holomorphically projective ones, we do not know what transformations in M correspond to conformal ones in a Riemannian space. In this point of view it is significant to study problems related to Bochner curvature tensor introduced by S. Bochner. In fact, it is known that Bochner curvature tensor is constructed formally by modifying WeyΓs conformal one on taking account of the formal resemblance between WeyΓs projective curvature tensor and holomorphically projective one. Thus the problem seems to reduce to what transformations of Kahlerian spaces leave invariant Bochner curvature tensor, and especially it is a problem how we can get a Kahlerian metric with vanishing Bochner curvature tensor from a flat Kahlerian one. As a contribution to this problem we shall give in this paper examples of Kahlerian metrics with vanishing Bochner curvature tensor. Preliminary facts will be given in § 1 following to Yano-Bochner's notation. Bochner curvature tensor vanishes identically for spaces of constant holomorphic curvature, but the converse is not true. In §2 we shall show that if M with vanishing Bochner curvature tensor is a locally product space of Kahlerian spaces and not flat it is a locally product space of two Kahlerian spaces of constant holomorphic curvature, which corresponds to the case of Riemannian space with vanishing conformal curvature tensor. On the other hand, the metric tensor gaβ* of a Kahlerian space can be expressed in the form


Introduction: In this study, the authors investigated visual impairment and its associated psychological factors, with emphasis on depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and perceived social support. Methods: A mixed-method approach was used by integrating a focus group discussion and a cross-sectional survey. The study was conducted with 444 students comprising 218 students who are visually impaired and 226 sighted peers. Validated inventories for measuring the various psychological factors were used among students who are visually impaired and their sighted peers after which comparison of scores between visually impaired students and their sighted peers were made. Results: The findings of the study showed significantly lower depression and anxiety scores among students who are visually impaired. Students who are visually impaired also scored higher on total perceived social support than their sighted peers. Independent of age, visual impairment significantly predicted anxiety and perceived social support. Despite the results of the quantitative analysis, the focus group discussion revealed that students who are visually impaired face several challenges which make them depressed, anxious, and stressed. Discussion: Visual impairment was associated with and significantly predicted anxiety and perceived social support. Implication for Practitioners: The results of this study give a justification for eye care practitioners to consider referring people who are visually impaired for psychological assessment and possible management after addressing their visual needs.


from increased warmth, the vessels on the surface were relaxed. A comparison of the pulsations of each trace points to the greater rapidity of the circulation under influences which facilitate the passage of the blood. The force of the pulse is indicated by the height of the pulsations. The greater the elevation of the lever, the greater the energy of the pulse-beat; sad we may say that, in many cases, the strength of te ventricular contraction is expressed by the force of the pulse. This law, however, has many exceptiens; and we find that the altitude of the pulsetrace depends on several other conditions. I. The volume of the artery influences much the amplitude of the trace. This can be well seen in traces collected from old persons. In senile changes, the volume of the vessels is increased considerably, and the trace betrays great fulness. Marey believes this to be due, not solely to the hypertrophy of the ventricle which exists in the old, but also to the dilatation of the artery. (Vide trace, Fig. 5.) ii. The state of arterial tension modifies greatly the force of the pulse; and, as the tension is dependent on the state of the capillary circulation, it may be said that in most cases "1 the force of the pulse is not in relation with the energy of the ventricular systole, but that it is regulated by the state of the circulation in the ultimate ramifications of the vascular system." (Marey, op. cit., p. 235.) By means of the manometer, in a great number of experiments, this law has been found to hold good; a feeble state of arterial tension giving to the finger and the instrument the sensation of increased amplitude. Marey, by means of the following diagrams (Figs. 10 and 11), illustrates this very well.


We "narrativize" a basic extensive form trust game by placing participants in a story that contextualizes the interaction with an unforeseeable future. In our narrative experiment, participants consider each decision as a character, advancing the story with their choices for salient payoffs. Our interest is in understanding how participants apply Adam Smith's rules of beneficent and just conduct in our narrativized games with epistemic conditions of an unknown future, conditions which aren't possible in extensive form. We invite our readers to participate in the story of the results, making meaning as participants in a narrative that unfolds with their choices.


Abstract Research identifies sexual regret as the most common source of regret in the USA; however, few studies have explored this phenomenon. This study utilised a mixed-methods approach to explore sexual regret in a sample of 189 US college students. Quantitative analyses assessing who is most likely to experience sexual regret revealed no significant differences in experiences of sexual regret based on most demographics; however, individuals involved in fraternity and sorority life and/or college athletics were significantly more likely to report experiences of sexual regret. Additionally, students who reported experiences of sexual victimisation were more likely to report experiences of sexual regret. Qualitative analyses attempting to determine students' reasoning for experiencing sexual regret revealed five distinct content areas: 1) altered judgement, 2) motivations, 3) partner characteristics, 4) social judgement, and 5) unsatisfying or unpleasant sexual experiences. Results from both quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrate significant overlap between experiences of sexual regret and sexual victimisation, highlighting the importance of future research and programming regarding sexual regret to increase understanding of the complex relationships between sexual consent and sexual behaviour.


The utility model relates to a penis erectile dysfunction auxiliary assembly based on intelligent material, this equipment are annular, data transmission layer, amazing unit is included, the measurement sensing layer of penis blood pressure and blood flow change can be measured, be provided with the power in the measurement sensing layer. Penis erectile dysfunction's treatment can be applied to to this equipment for these patients can possess one and hold powerful erection.


The article scientifically substantiates modern peculiarities and trends in the field of foreign economic activity of economic regions of Ukraine according to the main indicators. It has been established that most economic regions are export-oriented. However, the export potential is not fully realized – at present, not a single region has reached the base level of 2013 in terms of absolute growth in both export and import. The analysis of the commodity structure of exports and imports according to the international classification. It has been proven that the export of most regions is dominated by commodities with low added value, as well as labour-intensive and resource-intensive, and finished goods dominate in import. Instruments of the mechanism of economic development are proposed for restoring the status of Ukraine as an export-oriented state.

Keywords
foreign economic activity, regional peculiarities, trends in export and import, instruments of the mechanism of economic development.


Higher Education Accreditation System plays an important role in promoting the development of higher education,and protecting the quality of higher education in the United States.Into the 21st century,the development of the Higher Education Accreditation suffered some challenges,which affect the independence and the authority of certification,and the disclosure and content of certification information.American Higher Education Accreditation is also showing some new trends:Distance High Education Accreditation is constantly improved,professional unified authentication system is actively building and student academic achievement was given high priority.The transformation of government functions provides our country's Higher Education Accreditation with a good opportunity.Sorting out and analyzing the new trends for Higher Education Accreditation System in the United States,Which can bring some useful inspiration to higher education evaluation agencies in China.


Objective: To explore whether psychological stress is related to treatment outcome in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Reproductive Medicine Center of a university hospital in Henan. 435 infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation (IVF-ET) participated in the study. The basal sex hormones were measured. Self-reported questionnaire (Fertility Problem Inventory) was used to assess perceived psychological stress. Then, we separated participants into three groups according to their total FPI scores and observed their IVF treatment outcomes. Results: Higher perceived psychological stress was related to a rise of FSH and LH and dosage of GnRha, while a decrease of retrieved oocyte counts, lower high quality embryo rate and clinical pregnancy rate. The results from the logistic regression analysis showed that high psychological stress was a risk factor of pregnancy failure of IVF-ET. Conclusion: Psychological stress was related to basal sex hormones and pregnancy outcome among women undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation.


Given that the theory of gray systems modeling has been introduced into control field and it is superior over some current modeling methods and control methods on requiring fewer data and reel-time property,how to obtain the transfer function of a controlled system is mainly discussed.The conclusion of the research offers theoretical and methodological support for new real-time and effective system control.


The utility model discloses an automatic ironing machine. The automatic ironing machine comprises a machine frame, wherein the machine frame is provided with an ironing device, one or more ironing platforms and a power device. The ironing platforms are driven by the power device to move to a position above the ironing device or outside the machine frame horizontally. According to this arrangement, when clothes on one of the ironing platforms are ironed below ironing head and another ironing platforms can move to the outside of the ironing platform, so that workers can replace ironed clothes by other clothes. Accordingly, the ironing efficiency can be greatly improved and the labor intensity can be reduced. The automatic ironing machine is a technical advancement of ironing devices.


Let G = (V, E) be a graph and let S⊆V. The set S is a co-secure dominating set (CSDS) of a graph G if S is a dominating set, and for each u ∈S there exists a vertex v ∈ V \ S such that uv ∈E(G) and (S \ {u})∪ {v} is adominating set. The minimum cardinality of a co-secure dominating set inG is the co-secure domination number γcs (G). We determine the cosecuredomination number of some families of standard graphs and obtain sharpbounds. A set S ⊆V is a secure dominating set of a graph G = (V, E),if for each u ∈V \ S there exists a vertex v ∈ S such that uv ∈ E and (S \ {v}) ∪{u} is a dominating set. The minimum cardinality of a securedominating set in G is the secure domination number γs (G). We presentfew bounds on these parameter and certain graphs for which equality ofboth parameter holds. Keywords-Co-secure domination, Securedomination, Jahangir graphs, Friendship graphs, Helm graph.


Related U.S. Application Data Methods for determining the locations/heights of fractures in a Subterranean formation use a post-fracture log obtained (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 12/425,884, with a compensated neutron or pulsed neutron logging tool. filed on Apr. 17, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part Utilizing predetermined relationships between tool count of application No. 12/358,168, filed on Jan. 22, 2009. rates and associated near/far count rate ratios, the methods detect the presence of proppant containing high thermal neu (60) Provisional application No. 61/030,125, filed on Feb. tron capture cross-section material, Substantially eliminating 20, 2008. proppant determination uncertainty resulting from changes in formation hydrogen index. In an interval of a well with given (51) Int. Cl. borehole and formation conditions, and not containing prop G0IV L/40 (2006.01) pant, a relationship is developed between detector count rate GOI/5/04 (2006.01) and near/far ratio. This relationship is used to compute count GOI/5/10 (2006.01) rate from the ratio in intervals of the well possibly containing E2IB 47/00 (2012.01) proppant and which have similar formation and borehole (52) U.S. Cl. ............... 7028.7026.70213.250/2696 conditions. The count rate computed from the ratio is com: pared with the observed detector count rate, with proppant 166/250.01 indicated from Suppression in observed count rate relative to (58) Field of Classification Search .................. 702/6, 8, COunt rate computed from the ratio. 702/13; 166/250.1; 250/269.6 See application file for complete search history. 34 Claims, 17 Drawing Sheets


The additions of two equivalents of trialkylphosphites onto phosphonodithioformates produce stabilized α-sulfanyl-α-phosphonyl phosphonium ylides. Their subsequent reaction with alkyl or benzyl halides gives stabilized sulfonium ylides. Thermal treatment of these phosphonium and sulfonium ylides leads to α-sulfanyl methylene bis-phosphonates through protonation–dealkylation intramolecular reactions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:164–171, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20530


We have initiated a new section in Paleobiology, dubbed Matters of the Record, edited by Douglas Erwin. The inaugural contribution to this section will be published in Issue 4 of this year; instructions for contributors to this section were published earlier this year (Issue 1) and will appear on the inside, back cover starting with Issue 4. One of the reasons that Paleobiology is the most influential journal in our field is that it has always been able to publish high-quality, thought-provoking manuscripts in a timely manner. However, we are currently experiencing a publication backlog of two issues; a paper accepted today would appear in Issue 3 of 1994 (i.e., two issues after the next issue to go to press). While the backlog does not appear to be growing, we would like to reduce it to one issue, at most. In our view, the easiest way to accomplish this is through the submission of shorter manuscripts. Thus, we make a special plea to all authors to make extra efforts to send us manuscripts that are as concise and economical of space as possible. We want to close by offering our thanks to the many reviewers whose services we have tapped, sometimes repeatedly, in the past year. We have been impressed by the remarkable quality of most reviews we receive; we are not unmindful that these thoughtful efforts have made our jobs much easier. Respectfully submitted, ARNOLD I. MILLER AND DAVID L. MEYER Paleobiology Editors


Early observations on a possible link between the kidney and the cardiovascular system In 1836 an English clinician Richard Bright observed that patients dying with contracted kidneys often had a hard, full pulse and cardiac hypertrophy.' In 1889 Brown-Sequard, the "father" of endocrinology, showed that injections of extracts from guinea pig testicles were able to produce systemic effects of vigour and the perception of rejuvenation.2 On this background, in 1896 the Finnish physiologist Robert Tigerstedt and his student Per Bergman began to explore the possibility that kidney extracts from rabbits may have some systemic effects on the cardiovascular system. In 1898 their classic paper was published showing that intravenous injection of these renal extracts exerted a pressor effect. Moreover they postulated that the substance responsible for this effect was a protein which they named renin. They further suggested that renin was released from the kidney into the blood to produce an effect on blood vessels at a distance: another of the earliest ideas on blood borne chemical messengers.34 Eight years later Tigerstedt described a pressor effect of renal venous blood although he admitted that the evidence for this was weak.5 Other groups could not reproduce Tigerstedt's results, probably because they failed to prevent proteolysis in the preparation of the renal extracts. Therefore enthusiasm for the concept of renin as a pressor substance waned. Tigerstedt died in 1923 without any real acknowledgment of the significance of his contribution to the fields of both endocrinology and cardiovascular homeostasis. In fact for 30 years there were few references to the pressor effects of renin in the literature. In 1925, the histologist Ruyter was the first to describe granulated cells in the walls of the glomerular arterioles.6 The significance of this was realised by Goormaghtigh in 19397 after the concept of renin as a hormone had been rekindled.


A reasonable definition of nodes load and capacity is essential for improving the robustness of scale-free networks against cascading failure, which has gained significant attention over recent years. This paper presents two methods for defining the load-capacity model: a degree-based method and a betweenness-based method. In these methods, the initial load and capacity of nodes were determined by considering the degrees and betweenness centrality of nodes and their neighbors. These values could be adjusted using both global and local parameters. This paper achieved load redistribution during cascading failures through targeted attacks on network nodes. In addition, this study applied load redistribution to cascading failure processes in networks by targeting network nodes. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, this paper examines the impact of adjusting two parameters on the minimum critical tolerance coefficient and network robustness. Computer-generated scale-free networks and a real network were used for evaluation purposes. The findings indicated that higher global parameters resulted in a lower average robustness index. Moreover, our degree-based method demonstrated a smaller minimum critical tolerance coefficient and average robustness index compared to existing load definition methods. Therefore, the proposed methods enhanced the robustness and integrity of scale-free networks against attacks.


Propylene, a catalyst for acrolein or by oxidation of isobutylene, to produce acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, wherein the catalyst contains a C


During the last decade, a growing number of scholars have evaluated the scientific progress of communication studies from a longitudinal and descriptive perspective, preventing a holistic understanding of the most relevant associations occurred in the discipline. Through a content analysis of 11 Spanish journals in communication, this article explores the probability of producing empirical science according to seven criteria: number of years, public funding, the journal, and the research topic, the number of authors and the gender and geographical origin of the authors. In general, the findings demonstrate a slow but continuous process to rule out non-evidence-based research from the most important spaces for academic diffusion and the growth of empirical research, especially through techniques such as content analysis. In conclusion, the culture and research practice in communication in Spain evolves towards international standards.


Evolution of the Vse-Ukrainske Obiednannia (hereinafter VO) "Svoboda" (the All-Ukrainian Union "Freedom") has been traced back; special attention has been paid to the issues of the leader in the organizational structure and the state of inner-party democracy. A high level of centralization and leadership format in the structure of the party has been justified. On the basis of the analysis of the party documents the ideological positioning of the party in the context of such variables as: radicalism, left-right positioning has been determined. It has been proved that the AU "Svoboda" most fully correspond to the parameters of radical and national ideology, combining left and right approaches with populism as an integral element.


It is well known that in the pronominalized infinitival construction there can be formal agreement between the perception verb and the subordinated participant or not: se (oye)sg cantar (los grillos)pl vs. se (ven)pl pasar (los transeuntes)pl. Based on a corpus containing 749 pronominalized infinitive constructions, it will be shown that this formal agreement is not only governed by the classical impersonal vs. passive interpretation but also by the internal structure of the infinitival complement: propositional or not. One of the main parameters at work is of cognitive-semantic nature and involves the orientation of the perception act: when the perception process concentrates on the subordinated participant there is formal agreement between this participant and the perception verb, when, on the other hand, the perception act focalizes the whole event, the number of the perception verb is necessarily singular. The main goal of this contribution is to show that this orientation – and consequently the internal structure of the infinitive complement – depends on the modality of the main perception verb: visual or auditory.


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Dear Colleagues,

We are privileged to include family physicians with varied scopes of practice among our membership. Most provide continuing comprehensive care to a defined patient population. Many have also developed areas of specific expertise and are a resource to their


Significance In many clinically important bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes are primarily carried on plasmids. These can spread horizontally between different strains and species. However, current surveillance systems track chromosomal lineages of bacteria only, leading to an incomplete understanding of how resistance spreads, from within an individual hospital to across country borders. We present an integrated, high-resolution analysis of both chromosome and plasmid sequences using Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates sampled during a European survey. We show that carbapenemase genes, which confer resistance to last-line antibiotics, have spread in diverse ways including via one plasmid/multiple lineages (blaOXA-48-like), multiple plasmids/multiple lineages (blaVIM, blaNDM), and multiple plasmids/one lineage (blaKPC). These different trajectories must be considered in genomic surveillance systems and the design of new interventions. Molecular and genomic surveillance systems for bacterial pathogens currently rely on tracking clonally evolving lineages. By contrast, plasmids are usually excluded or analyzed with low-resolution techniques, despite being the primary vectors of antibiotic resistance genes across many key pathogens. Here, we used a combination of long- and short-read sequence data of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (n = 1,717) from a European survey to perform an integrated, continent-wide study of chromosomal and plasmid diversity. This revealed three contrasting modes of dissemination used by carbapenemase genes, which confer resistance to last-line carbapenems. First, blaOXA-48-like genes have spread primarily via the single epidemic pOXA-48–like plasmid, which emerged recently in clinical settings and spread rapidly to numerous lineages. Second, blaVIM and blaNDM genes have spread via transient associations of many diverse plasmids with numerous lineages. Third, blaKPC genes have transmitted predominantly by stable association with one successful clonal lineage (ST258/512) yet have been mobilized among diverse plasmids within this lineage. We show that these plasmids, which include pKpQIL-like and IncX3 plasmids, have a long association (and are coevolving) with the lineage, although frequent recombination and rearrangement events between them have led to a complex array of mosaic plasmids carrying blaKPC. Taken altogether, these results reveal the diverse trajectories of antibiotic resistance genes in clinical settings, summarized as using one plasmid/multiple lineages, multiple plasmids/multiple lineages, and multiple plasmids/one lineage. Our study provides a framework for the much needed incorporation of plasmid data into genomic surveillance systems, an essential step toward a more comprehensive understanding of resistance spread.


The utility model discloses an automatic potting machine. The automatic potting machine comprises a glue mixing device, a dispensing device, a feeding clamp and a pneumatic source, wherein the glue mixing device comprises a frame, a glue supplying device, a proportioning device, a mixing device, a cleaning device and a control device, the glue supplying device, the proportioning device, the mixing device and the cleaning device are installed on the frame and connected with the control device, and the control device controls the glue mixing device. According to the automatic potting machine, as an advanced foreign technology for capacity-measuring is adopted, the proportions of a main agent and a hardening agent of epoxy resin are measured accurately; the epoxy resin is guaranteed to be mixed fully through static mixing or dynamic mixing, so that the glue is solidified fully; a stirring and heating device is arranged, so that the liquidity of the glue is excellent; and a dispensing valve is used, full glue-flowing and glue breaking of the device are guaranteed; and the full-automatic cleaning device is used, so that the residual glue on a pipe is guaranteed to be cleaned thoroughly after the operation is ended.


In the chapter on women and voting rights, West takes up the thorny question of how it was possible to hold that the principles of the Declaration applied to women and yet deny them the vote. The crucial distinction here is between natural rights and legal or political rights (p. 74). All women are endowed with the same natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, but because most find their happiness in marriage and the care of the family, it is permissible for the civil law to strive to unify the interest and will of husband and wife. But as a matter of public policy, West does not find the exclusion of women from the franchise as compelling as the case for traditional sex roles within the family and the job market: "the modern movement for equal political rights for women is fully compatible with the founding principles" (p. 83). However, West does not adequately reflect upon the effect of women's suffrage upon the traditional sex roles he finds so desirable. In chapters on property, property qualifications for voting, and the responsibility of society for the poor, West defends the Founders against charges of elitism and economic injustice. While some of these arguments are familiar, others, particularly his treatment of povery and welfare are original and thought-provoking. For in addition to showing how the Founders' views are consistent with the core principles of the Declaration, West argues that these policies actually encourage the kind of virtues upon which a free society depends. Indeed, the subtext of the entire book is character. In chapter after chapter, West argues that the Founders favored measures such as local government support for the poor, property qualifications for voting, restrictions on naturalization, and laws protecting the traditional family, because they were concerned with the character of the citizens. The Founders' statesmanship aims not merely at constructing political institutions which secure the principles of the Declaration, but at reinforcing those social institutions which form the character of a free people. In this important respect, the title of West's book does not fully capture the extent of his project. Vindicating the Founders is not only about justice, but about how to cultivate the whole cluster of virtues which "are necessary for a people to be free" (p. 160). West's admirable study begins a discussion that is long overdue. —Jean M. Yarbrough


The use of implicit measures of attitudes has great potential to advance our understanding of process and mechanism in the field of communication. These measures assess automatically activated attitudes, which have the potential to influence spontaneous decisions and outcomes, and may operate, to some extent, below individuals' consciousness. A large number of implicit measures have been developed and tested. These measures use a variety of different procedures and have various strengths and limitations. This piece provides an overview of three types of implicit measures of attitudes: (a) evaluative priming measures, (b) the implicit association test (IAT) and several of its variants, and (c) the recently developed affect misattribution procedure (AMP). Emphasis is placed on issues of mechanism, reliability, validity, and strengths and limitations of each measure.


With the United Kingdom lacking a codified constitution, there has been no extraordinary formal mechanism for amending the provisions of the constitution. Change has been achieved through parliament. The century since the passage of the Parliament Act 1911 has witnessed significant constitutional change. The measures enacted have affected basic relationships at the heart of the nation's constitutional arrangements: those between the two chambers of parliament, between parliament and the people, between the state and the individual, between the UK and the rest of the world, and between the centre and the rest of the UK. The measures enacted prior to 1997 were essentially individual statutes produced in response to particular challenges. The period since 1997 has seen proactive and extensive legislation, changing substantially the contours of the constitution. Despite the scale of the change, the measures have been disparate and discrete and not generated within a coherent philosophical framework. Although achieving their principal goals, not all have had the effects intended. This volume treats some of the key measures enacted in this period.


The oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 from the atmosphere is expected to persist for a thousand years or more. Understanding the oceanic carbon uptake is essential for predicting the air-borne fraction of CO 2 emissions and thus degree of climate change. Warming of ocean surface waters and changes in the ocean circulation and biological pump would reduce the oceanic uptake of CO 2 , which is known as climate-carbon cycle feedback. In this study, we simulate multimillennium changes in ocean carbon cycle under quadrupling of atmospheric CO 2 , using GCM (MIROC) and an offline biogeochemical model. We also carry out a number of sensitivity runs in order to isolate the individual feedback mechanisms. The oceanic uptake is 2050 Pg C, and the reduction of uptake due to global warming is about 30% at the end of simulation. These values are comparable to the previous studies (Plattner et al, 2001; Schmittner et al, 2008). The increase in SST and weaker soft-tissue pump are the dominant mechanisms of climate-carbon cycle feedback. Important biological mechanisms are reduction in new production due to reduced nutrient supply and increase in remineralization rate due to seawater warming. I will also discuss the effect of ocean circulation change on the oceanic uptake.


To the Editor: Cutaneous adverse reactions to implanted materials are reported, but cardiac pacemakers have rarely been found to be the cause [1-5]. We observed the case of a man. allergic to cobalt and carba-mix, who presented with erythema, itching and swelling just over the site of a pacemaker. A 64-year old man, affected with degenerative cardiopatby (sclerotic), sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and sinusal arrest (4000 msec) symptomatic, received a pacemaker (NOVATM II. Model 281-05. Intermedics S.A., Le Locle. Switzerland), implanted subcutaneously in his left pectoral area on June 25, 1991. Three years later, the patient noted an eczema under the rubber watch-strap he had been wearing for a few months. After 6 months he developed a very itchy swelling erythema of the skin of the area covering the pacemaker. The erythema progressively worsened in the following weeks spreading all around tbe area. For this reason he was admitted to our institute. Patch testing with GIRDCA standard series revealed a positive reaction to cobalt chloride 1% ( + + ) and carba-mix (1,3-diphenylguanidine 1%, bis(diethyldithiocarbainato) zinc 1 %, bis(dibutyldithiocarbamato) zine !%) (+ + ). A 6 mm punch biopsy of the skin over the site of the generator revealed cbronic inflammatory changes with fibrosis in tbe dermis. A biopsy of tbe subcutaneous tissue of the "pocket" (site of the pacemaker) showed a diffuse perivascular infiltrate with varying numbers of eosinophils. Tbe patient was treated with intramuscular steroids (mctbylprednisolone 40 mg/day). oral antibistamines (dexcbtorpheniramine 80 mg tablets occasionally) and topical steroids (hydrocortisone cream). We obtained a reduction of redness and itching but it was not possible to remove tbe pacemaker. Intramuscular methylprednisolone was tapered off progressively and replaced with oral prednisone (10 mg/ day). Five months later, tbe patient is still being treated witb steroids (prednisone 10 mg/day orally) and tbe erythema bas almost completely disappeared with a moderate persistence of pruritus. Each time we tried to stop tbe steroid treatment tbe dermatitis reappeared. After the first description of Raque and Goldschmidt in 1970 [1], in which silicone seemed to be involved, otber authors reported cases of pacemaker contact sensitivity to epoxy resin, titanium and mercury [2-5]. In all these cases tbe time between pacetnaker insertion and skin reaction was usually of


Currently there is much discussion about the retention of mine professionals within the mining industry. There is also concern about the difficulties of fly-in fly-out (FIFO) as a prolonged lifestyle. In the last issue of the AusIMM Bulletin, Terry and Sherryl Potts recounted a personal view of FIFO which raised a lot of the key issues. From a business point of view, employee turnover is costly to mine operations, with some researchers estimating the cost of replacing professionals at 150 per cent of annual salary or more (Tziner and Birati 1996).


Objective: To study the growth characters of the mandibular width and peruse its growth tendency. Methods: 26 adolescents with normal occlusion were selected. A posteroanterior cephalogram was taken for every subject at the same time each year, lasting for 6 years. Computer aided cephalometrics was carried out. Results: (1) Compared with the growth completion of the mandibular width in 18 years of age, they had completed more than 93% in 13 years of age. The growth completion quantity of most of the mandibular width in females was larger than that in males except the widths of Ar-Ar', Cm-Cm'. (2)There was a growth peak between the age of 15-16 years on the mandibular base width in both males and females. In males it kept growing after the puberty while in females it kept stable after the age of 17 years. (3) The bicondyle width maintained stable in 17 year old females, but in males there was still a growth after that age. The bicoronoid process width was completed in females at the age of 16, and for males it was at age 17. Conclusion: The present findings will help orthodontists to make reasonable diagnosis and treatment planning.


The paper is devoted to the spectral analysis of effective preconditioners for linear systems obtained via a finite element approximation to diffusion‐dominated convection–diffusion equations. We consider a model setting in which the structured finite element partition is made by equilateral triangles. Under such assumptions, if the problem is coercive and the diffusive and convective coefficients are regular enough, then the proposed preconditioned matrix sequences exhibit a strong eigenvalue clustering at unity, the preconditioning matrix sequence and the original matrix sequence are spectrally equivalent, and under the constant coefficients assumption, the eigenvector matrices have a mild conditioning. The obtained results allow to prove the conjugate gradient optimality and the generalized minimal residual quasi‐optimality in the case of structured uniform meshes. The interest of such a study relies on the observation that automatic grid generators tend to construct equilateral triangles when the mesh is fine enough. Numerical tests, both on the model setting and in the non‐structured case, show the effectiveness of the proposal and the correctness of the theoretical findings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Every infinite-dimensional Banach algebra with a nonzero compact endomorphism has a proper closed nonzero two-sided ideal. When the algebra is commutative, the ideal is also an ideal in the multiplier algebra. Suppose that A is a Banach algebra with a compact nonzero endomorphism. We show that A has a proper closed nonzero two-sided ideal, and we prove a slightly stronger result when A is commutative. There are many Banach algebras which have compact endomorphisms [5]; this can even happen for commutative radical integral domains [3, ?5]. On the other hand, some primitive Banach algebras, such as the algebra of compact operators on Hilbert space, have no nonzero two-sided ideals. Our results show that algebras with no nonzero closed ideals can have no compact nonzero endomorphisms. Our proofs involve applying extensions, which we developed in [4], of Lomonosov's invariant subspace theorems. Apparently the best that one can do with the original versions of Lomonosov's theorem [6, 7] is to show that if A has a compact left or right multiplication operator, then it has both left and right nonzero closed ideals. Using very different methods, Esterle [1] has recently made significant contributions to the study of the problem of whether every radical Banach algebra has a nonzero closed ideal. THEOREM 1. If the infinite-dimensional Banach algebra A has a compact nonzero endomorphism 4, then A has a proper closed nonzero ideal. PROOF. Let At be the Banach algebra formed by adjoining an identity to A if A has no identity, and let At = A if A has an identity. For each a in At, let La be the left multiplication operator LaX = ax, and let ? be the algebra of all left multiplication operators La on A for a in At. Similarly, let R be the algebra of right multiplication operators. To show that A has a proper closed ideal, we show that ? and W have a common proper invariant subspace. We do this by showing that the algebras ? and R satisfy the hypotheses of [4, Theorem (3.2), p. 849]. The map a -* La is a continuous linear transformation from At to the algebra of bounded operators on A. Hence ? is an operator range algebra in the sense of [4, p. 845] (cf. [2, ?3]). Since 4 is a homomorphism, we have oLa = Lt(a)O for every a in Received by the editors December 21, 1983. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46H10; Secondary 46J20, 47A15. 01984 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/84 $1.00 + $.25 per page


The performance of the fault localization techniques plays a significant role in their practical adoption. This paper reports an empirical study of two states of the art fault localization techniques. The main differences from previous studies are: (1) the specialized focus on two methods to present effective advice, (2) considering different suspiciousness formulae to limit their effect on the fault localization accuracy, and (3) two different test suites containing small and large scale projects to test all aspects of the methods. Important factors of each fault localization methods have defined the accuracy and execution time. Our results provide proper information about spectrum-based and mutation-based fault localization to help other scholars to choose the best method based on their requirements. The empirical results indicate that the mutation- based fault localization is relatively 12 percent slower and 5.2 percent more accurate than the spectrum-based fault localization.


The occurrence of fluoride in ground water has attracted attention globally since it has considerable content in ground water has become one of the most important health- related geoenvironmental issues. Abnormal levels of fluoride in groundwater and suffering of the people have been reported from Andhra Pradesh. High level of fluoride (beyond 1.5 ppm) in ground water as source of drinking water are common in many parts of Andhra Pradesh, India, causing fluorosis.This study was carried out to access the fluoride concentration in groundwater in some villages of vemula, Vempalli revenue mandals of Kadapa, YSR district, Andhra Pradesh. Water samples collected from borewells were analysed for fluoride concentrtention. As per the desirable and maximum permissible limit for fluoride in drinking water, determined by WHO, the groundwater of about 60% of the studied sites is unfit for drinking purposes. The fluoride concentratio in grounwater of this region ranged from 0.266 to 3.52 mg/l. Due to the higher fluoride level in drinking water several cases of dental fluorosis have appeared in this region. The occurrence of fluoride may be due to the pr esence of volcanic flows and volcanic r ocks are often enriched in fluorine. The concentration of fluoride in groundwater may be due to the amount and duration of rainfall, the dissolution of fluoride rich rocks, rate of infiltration etc. After evaluating the data of this study it is concluded that there is an instant need to take ameliorative steps in this region to prevent the population from fluorosis. Key W ords: Fluoride, Fluorosis, Groundwater, Vempalli and Vemula mandals, Kadapa District, A.P


We start our study by describing the basic 6:0 Defence System in handball to identify the problem both conceptually and tactically. We then establish the origins of this system and provide a timeline that identifies when it came into being and how it developed from then on. The anthropometric, physical, technical and technical factors mentioned above have played a key role in said development. Finally, we will state the conclusions reached in the study.


With the rapid development of electronic industry, the miniaturization and integration of components have become an irreversible development trend, which puts forward high requirements for lead‐free ceramic materials with excellent recoverable energy storage density and efficiency. In addition, it is also a great challenge to sustain excellent energy storage performance under different environmental conditions. In this work, a combined design strategy was proposed to induce polar nano regions and reduce grain size by introducing SrTi0.5Zr0.5O3 (STZ). The addition of STZ reduced the grain size to submicron level, accompanied by relaxation enhancement. The high energy storage properties (Wrec = 1.85 J/cm3, η = 65.92%) were achieved in 0.80Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐0.20SrTi0.5Zr0.5O3 (BNT‐STZ) ceramics at 150 kV/cm. Excellent temperature stability (40°C‐160°C) and frequency stability (1‐500 Hz) of energy storage performance have been obtained under 100 kV/cm, with the fluctuations below 8%. Importantly, A high power density of 3.64 MW/cm3 and a transitory discharge time (t0.9 ~ 0.632 μs) were achieved for 0.80BNT‐0.20STZ ceramic under 160 kV/cm. These characteristics indicate that 0.80BNT‐0.20STZ ceramic is expected to be applied in high‐power equipment.


This essay is part of a symposium addressing issues that will be faced by the legal profession in the coming session. The brief piece speculates about, and makes predictions relating to, the state of the legal profession in the year 2050.


The polyps in the present case were clearly visualized on gastroscopy. Nothing about their shape or gross appearance, including color, suggested malignant change. No ulceration or greyish discoloration was noted that might have suggested any but a benign process. They were so located and of such size that it was impossible to see whether there were pedicles at the point of attachment. Adjacent mucosal atrophy, normal peristalsis, and adequate distention have been noted by many observers in early lesions of this type.


It was hypothesized that students' view of themselves as academically successful or unsuccessful is influenced by their personalities and also their actual academic performance. Three groups of 209 and 101 Iranian and 128 Turkish students (n = 438) were given Eysenck's Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism Inventory, appended with the test item, "Do you regard yourself as an academically successful student?." Subjects scoring high and low on extraversion were, respectively, classified as extraverts and introverts, separately for each of the three samples. Comparison of extraverts' and introverts' self-ratings of academic success showed that the number of extraverts rating themselves 'successful' was consistently higher in each of the groups compared, lending some support to the above hypothesis.


Healthcare is becoming the largest growing sector of India because of its huge coverage, providing services and investment by public and private players. In India growth of private hospitals have totally changed the scenario of health care delivery. This study explores the effectiveness of the strategies to provide quality health care and thereby improving the service delivery in Private Hospitals. In total 122 responses were collected after administering the questionnaires. The findings of this study reveals that quality health care strategies has positive impact on service delivery. Quality health care strategies showed a different kind of associations with three measures of quality namely structure, process and outcome measures. The implications from the study provides the need of multifaceted approach for implementing quality improvement strategies and adoption of the model for the same. This study recommends a blend of quality improvement programs with increased ICT (Information and Communication Technology) applications for enhancing the turnaround time. Further study can be conducted on other healthcare quality dimensions and strategic interventions that can enhance the quality of health care and clinical outcomes in Private Hospitals in India.


This paper examines the performance of the Eumenides, as adapted and performed by 18 ANO theatre group. 18 ANO is the theatre group of the Drug dependence treatment unit 18 ANO of Attica's Psychiatric Hospital, which is based in Athens, Greece. Each year 18 ANO organises performances in the wider community with the aim of promoting social inclusion for people in recovery from alcohol and drug dependency. Their performances are usually adaptations of classical play-scripts, which operate as an allegory of recovery from addiction. Drawing on Jan Cohen-Cruz's theory of 'engaging performance', this paper explores that the extent to which the adaptation of classic plays can be used successfully as an allegory of the participants' personal stories of overcoming addiction and stigmatisation. It proposes that the act of watching a classical play adapted by members of a drug dependency rehabilitation unit could potentially challenge the social stereotypes and misconception frequently associated with addiction.


Lignin is a potential natural sunlight protector because its benzene derivative structure can absorb UV rays. Pure lignin is not good enough for sunblock because lignin is not fully dispersed in cream, and the range of absorbed UV rays is not broad. In this work, lignin was modified with polybutyl acrylate (PBA) and self-assembled into microspheres (L-PBA-NPs) to enhance its compatibility in cream, and it was blended with p-coumaric acid (CA) to extend its light absorbance. The hydrophobicity of grafted PBA on lignin and the microsphere of the modified lignin provided an ability to disperse in oily pure cream. To improve the sun protection factor (SPF) of the blended lignin-based sunscreen, CA with different UV absorbing ability was mixed inside the modified lignin to form CA@L-PBA-NPs. When CA and L-PBA-NPs (1:1) were added in cream with 5%, the SPF of the blended lignin sunscreen reached 18.8. After irradiation of the CA@L-PBA-NPs sunscreen under UV for 3 h, the SPF of the blended lignin-based sunscreen increased slightly because of more conjugated structures produced in lignin. The CA@L-PBA-NPs in sunscreens have great potential as a green ingredient to substitute for the small-molecule sunscreen active ingredients in commercial sunscreen products.


A study that looks at the genetic variations found in individuals to determine if either a variant or a set of variants is associated with a trait, biological process or disease.