Background: FOF1 ATP synthases are rotary nanomachines transporting protons across the membrane during catalysis. Results: Escherichia coli FOF1 is assembled from subcomplexes with subunit δ functioning as clamp to generate stable FO. Conclusion: δ guarantees that the open proton channel is concomitantly assembled within coupled FOF1. Significance: We investigate how a proton-translocating unit is assembled while simultaneously maintaining the low membrane proton permeability essential for viability. The ATP synthase (FOF1) of Escherichia coli couples the translocation of protons across the cytoplasmic membrane to the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP. This nanomotor is composed of the rotor c10γϵ and the stator ab2α3β3δ. To study the assembly of this multimeric enzyme complex consisting of membrane-integral as well as peripheral hydrophilic subunits, we combined nearest neighbor analyses by intermolecular disulfide bond formation or purification of partially assembled FOF1 complexes by affinity chromatography with the use of mutants synthesizing different sets of FOF1 subunits. Together with a time-delayed in vivo assembly system, the results demonstrate that FOF1 is assembled in a modular way via subcomplexes, thereby preventing the formation of a functional H+-translocating unit as intermediate product. Surprisingly, during the biogenesis of FOF1, F1 subunit δ is the key player in generating stable FO. Subunit δ serves as clamp between ab2 and c10α3β3γϵ and guarantees that the open H+ channel is concomitantly assembled within coupled FOF1 to maintain the low membrane proton permeability essential for viability, a general prerequisite for the assembly of multimeric H+-translocating enzymes.


This contribution reviews the newly revised biostratigraphy of Middle–Upper Ordovician marine shelf successions from the Junee–Narromine Volcanic Belt in central New South Wales, based on conodont studies from four areas covering the northern, central and southern sectors of the Belt. Seven conodont biozones ranging from the middle Darriwilian ( Histiodella holodentata-Eoplacognathus pseudoplanus Biozone) to the lower Katian ( Taoqupognathus blandus Biozone) are recognized in the Billabong Creek Formation exposed in the Gunningbland area. This includes the first known biostratigraphic succession in Australia that extends continuously from the middle Darriwilian to the basal Sandbian. These new data are crucial for a better understanding of the geological evolution of this region in central New South Wales, and for the enhanced correlation of Ordovician rocks throughout the Macquarie Volcanic Province, which hosts substantial porphyry Cu–Au mineral deposits.


e18029 Background: Maxillofacial metastases from distal primary sites are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all newly diagnosed cancer in the head and neck region. Clinical manifestation is non-specific and lesions are often misdiagnosed as benign or inflammatory lesions, and mistreated. We sought to describe maxillofacial metastases and evaluate associations with treatment and patient related outcomes. Methods: Data from all patients diagnosed with cancer in the maxillofacial region between 2008-2020 were extracted retrospectively from the hospital registry, and those with radiological and histological evidence of metastatic lesions were included in the analysis. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, features of primary cancer and treatment were collected. Paired t-tests and univariate regression models were used to evaluate an association between variables and overall survival (OS). Results: Of 532 patients diagnosed with cancer in the maxillofacial region, 15 (2.8%) were found to have metastases from distal primary cancers and included in the study. The group comprised 8 males (53.3%) and 7 females (46.6%), mean age 69 years (range 43 -88) and most common primary malignancies were lung (27%), gastrointestinal (27%) and prostate (20%), with 60% adenocarcinoma histology and the rest SCC and undifferentiated carcinoma. Presenting symptoms included trismus, pain, and swelling in 40% of cases. Clinically, most intraoral manifestations were classic oral ulcerations while the most frequent extra oral features were diffuse pre-auricular and mandibular swelling. Mean time to diagnosis was 22 days (range 7-60), however, intraoral lesions were diagnosed numerically earlier than extra oral (18 vs 23 days, p = 0.5). The mandible was the primarily involved hard tissue location (40%), and the parotid, for soft tissue lesions (33%). Mean SUV for PET-CT scans was 4.4 (range 2.0-10.93) and CT demonstrated bone expansion and lysis (50% each) and periosteal reaction (33%). In total, 60% of patients in the study had a change to their treatment after diagnosing the metastasis, while 40% with direct radiation (30-70 Gy) to the metastatic site. Median OS was 5 months while 60% of patients in the study group survived less than 6 months. Despite being twice as likely to receive treatment (75% vs 37.5%), patients with intra oral metastases had significantly shorter survival than those with extra oral metastases (13.3 vs 2.9 months, 95% CI 3.025-17.689, p < 0.01). No other associations were observed between patient demographics, cancer type and treatment, with survival. Conclusions: The maxillofacial region appears to be a late site for cancer metastasis, with non-specific presentation. As patient survival outcomes improve across cancer types and the array of possible alternative diagnoses increases, clinicians should be aware of this entity to ensure rapid referral for diagnosis and palliative treatment.


Thirdly, the absence of poliomyelitis from a community may lead to a false sense of security. The oral poliovaccine used in Britain contains all three types of poliovirus.7 The recommended schedule is three doses of vaccine at intervals of about 4 to 6 weeks, starting at 6 to 7 months, after the primary course of triple vaccine has been completed. Alternatively, both triple vaccine and oral poliovaccine may be given simultaneously, the course starting at 3 months. This has the advantage of being easier from the administrative point of view and may result in a greater number of children being immunized. At present there is insufficient evidence to decide whether it is necessary to offer a reinforcing dose of oral poliovaccine in the second year of life, but when primary immunization has been completed before the baby's sixth month it is probably desirable to give a further dose of oral vaccine at 18 to 24 months at the time of the important reinforcing dose of triple vaccine. In order to ensure that immunity is maintained it is most important to give a reinforcing dose of oral vaccine at the time of school entry. This has the double advantage of maintaining immunity and providing a check on those who have escaped the primary immunization course in infancy. Adults who are likely to be at special risk, such as those travelling abroad to epidemic areas, would be well advised to take advantage of the simplicity of administration of oral poliovaccine in having a booster dose. This applies particularly to persons who were immunized with inactivated vaccine some years previously. There are few contraindications to oral poliovaccine. Like any immunization procedure, it should be postponed if the patient is ill. Patients on corticosteroid therapy need special consideration. It is probably best to withhold it from those on long-term therapy in high dosage, but each case should be considered individually. It is also advisable to withhold oral vaccine during the first four-months of pregnancy, though there is no evidence whatever that the live virus vaccine has any deleterious effect on the foetus. Immunization is better carried out before, rather than during, pregnancy. Few vaccines produce so few reactions as does oral poliovaccine, and its ease of administration recommends it to most young patients. Continued vigilance is required to ensure that immunity against poliomyelitis is maintained, and all members of the profession, medical officers of health, general practitioners, and hospital doctors can help to see that it is.


Pseudo-membranous Rhinitis.?The conviction that pseudo-membranous rhinitis is in reality diphtheria in a very large proportion of cases is becoming so general amongst those who have paid any attention to the bacteriological examination of these cases, that probably few rhinologists have failed to grasp the clinical importance of treating such cases as possible sources of ?contagion. In bringing this subject before the Belgian Society of Otology and Laryngology, Eeman1 stated that he had studied eleven cases; all were primary nasal diphtheria. Eight cases were pure diphtheria (long and short forms); in two there were also streptococci and staphylococci; in one bacilli and diplococci. The age of the patients varied between seventeen months and eleven years. Post-operative fibrinous rhinitis is a secondary rhinitis of a completely different nature, but even this is not always so simple as some suppose, for one of the author's polyp us cases became


Fully-developed turbulent flow for the inner side in "TWISTED TUBES" with different cross sections geometries are experimentally and numerically investigated in the case of constant wall temperature. Two different geometries are considered. The tubes are helically twisted along the axis perpendicular to their cross-section .The helical twist geometry is described by the 360◦ twist. The results are comparing with tube without twisting "SMOOTH TUBE" in order to point out the heat transfer enhancement and the friction factor increase in the turbulent flow field . Numerical simulations are performed for three dimensional and fully – developed flow by using RNG k-ɛ turbulence model. Both experimental and numerical results show that the enhancement in the heat transfer decrease as the Reynolds number increase and the values of friction factor decrease as the Reynolds number increase. 1INTRODUCTION In recent years, energy and material saving considerations have promoted an expansion of efforts aimed at producing more efficient heat exchanger equipment through the augmentation of heat transfer. As the efforts to produce more efficient heat transfer equipment continue, an increasing number of augmented technique and surface are being produced commercially. These techniques of enhancement can be classified in two main categories, passive and active techniques, in addition to a hybrid technique which includes two or more from each of passive and active technique [1] and [2]. Over 85% of all new heat exchanger applications in oil refining, chemical, petro-chemical, and power generation are accommodated through the use of conventional shell and tube type heat exchangers. Conventional TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association) type shell and tube type heat exchangers consist of a number of round tubes attached to a tube sheet inside a cylindrical vessel, with tube sizes, tube lengths, and shell diameters varying depending on the requirements of the application. The tube bundle normally contains a number of baffles to accomplish the dual objectives of providing a support structure for the tubes, and to direct the shell-side flow across the tubes rather than along the tubes. The resulting back and forth shell –side flow will yield a higher than expected pressure drop per unit of heat transfer because energy is used to reverse the flow rather than to enhance heat transfer. Ahmed Qusai Salam is with mechanical Engineering Dept., University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq. E. mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Also, the energy consumed in reversing the flow will tend to force the shell side fluid through baffle totube and baffle to-shell clearances yielding lower cross flow and lower heat transfer coefficients. And dead spots, Finally , fluid flow around the baffles is non – uniform resulting in areas of low flow which are prone to fouling accumulation, corrosion, and poor heat transfer. The thermal effectiveness of a shell and tube exchanger is normally calculated assuming perfect radial and no axial mixing of the shell side stream. In practice however, there is considerable axial mixing within a baffle compartment, and further, the stream is in crossflow for part of the time rather than axial flow. These effects are further complicated by leakage of flow that occurs at the baffle-to tube and baffle-to-shell joints that does not take full part in the heat transfer in the bundle. The overall effect of these limitations is the actual thermal effectiveness will be lower than the theoretical value, and it will be lower than the values obtained for other types of heat exchangers that do not suffer from these limitations. Typically, thermal effectiveness of a conventional shell and tube type exchanger will be in the range of 60% to 80%. 1-1 Tube Thermal Applications: Bergles [3] shows the cross-section of eight commercially available tubes with internal enhancement and two with external enhancement are shown in Figure (1 and 2). These figures illustrate a few of the many enhanced tubes which are available commercially. It should be noted that some tubes have enhancement on both side. In fire tube boiler where the flue gasses pass inside the tube and the boiling water takes place at the external surface, the augmentation should focus on the internal side where low heat transfer coefficient exists due to the lower thermal conductivity of the gas. Also the heat is transferred by convection in most of the tubes rather by radiation as it is in the combustion chamber and in the first pass of the boiler. In shell and tube heat exchanger the heat transfer coefficient on the shell side (flow over the tubes) is 100-200% greater than the convective heat transfer coefficient inside the tube for the same Reynolds number. This means that the enhancement heat transfer at the internal tube surface is necessary to reduce the overall resistance of heat transfer. The limitation to enhanced tube used in shell and tube exchanger or boilers suggests several important restrictions. First, the maximum outside diameter of any International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences IJOCAAS Vol. 1, Issue 1, AUGUST 2016 tube is less than that of the tube-hole in the tube-sheets. This constraint is a consequenceof the common procedure in the fabrication and repair of the shelland tube heat exchanger of inserting or pulling the tube through the tube-holes in the tube-sheets. Enhanced tubes typically have plain-end section so that they can be fastened securely to the tube-sheets by rolling or welding. Secondly the enhancement technique should allow an access alone to the tube length during the maintenance operation especially, when the mechanical cleaning is necessary. These restrictions make the method of surface roughness or extend surface is limited and the insert turbulent promoter such as the helical wire or twisted tap is the first candidate to enhance the heat transfer in these equipment. Fig.1, commercially available tubes with internal enhancement Fig. 2 commercially available tubes with external enhancement The surplus of the pressure drop induced by these promoters (twisted tape or the helical wire) is due to the drag force induced by their obstacle shapes and the friction force due to the additional surface. This means that less number of obstacles in the flow stream and the small surface area are required to create the swirl flow, the less pressure drop and lower cost of material used. After we looked typical problems with shell and tube heat exchangers then we solved them with a revolutionary tube shape and bundle constriction. In the present work the swirl flow is created by the tube having a shape similar to the screw shape. It is twisted tube. '' TWISTED TUBE '' technology has to be more efficient, reliable, and trouble free than any other exchanger. 1-2 Simple topics on '' TWISTED TUBE '': 1-2-1 More efficient heat transfer: " TWISTED TUBE" heat exchanger expect a higher heat transfer coefficient than any other type of tubular heat exchanger . Here's why: a – Complex swirl flow on the shell side induces the maximum turbulence to improve heat transfer. b – Powerful tube side turbulence is achieved even at high viscosities and \ or low velocities. c – Uniform flow distribution gives more effective length and surface area than shell and tube exchangers. 1-2-2 Baffle – free tube support: The "TWISTED TUBE" design avoids the need for baffles. The unique helix shaped tube is arranged in a triangular pattern. Each tube is firmly and frequently supported by adjacent tubes , as shown in figure 3 , yet fluid swirls freely along its length. This support system eliminates tube vibration, which is common problem in some heat exchanger services. The twisted arrangement for baffle – free support with gaps aligned between the tubes also expect for easier cleaning on the shell side . The " TWISTED TUBE " heat exchangers are round at each end, allowing for convectional tube – to-tube sheet joints to be used. Fig.3, bundle construction of the "TWISTED TUBE" heat exchanger 1-2-3 "TWISTED TUBE" cleaning efficiency: 1-2-3-1 Shell side: a – Cleaning lanes allow complete mechanical cleaning by hydro blasting . b – Chemical cleaning in – place (CIP) is more effective in "TWISTED TUBE" heat exchangers than convectional S & T due to uniform flow distribution. 1-2-3-2 Tube side: a – Tube side effectively cleaned by hydro blasting. b – Chemical cleaning in –place (CIP ) is more effective in" TWISTED TUBE" heat exchangers than convectional S & T due to swirl flow. c – No special tools required. 1-2-4 Improving flow: 1-2-4-1-Improving tube flow: a – "TWISTED TUBE" technology expect the highest heat transfer coefficient possible in tubular heat exchanger. b – Swirl flow in tubes creates turbulence to improve heat transfer as shown in the figure 4. c – Turbulent flow achieved even at low velocities and \ or high viscosities. Fig.4 Show the tube side flow in "TWISTED TUBE" heat exchanger International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences IJOCAAS Vol. 1, Issue 1, AUGUST 2016 1-2-4-2Uniform Shell side Flow: a – Heat transfer coefficient is consistently high. b – Complex interrupted swirl flow on shell side maximizes turbulence while minimizing pressure drop as shown in the figure 5. c –Flow distribution and velocity are homogeneous. Fig.5 Show the shell side flow in "TWISTED TUBE" Heat exchanger 1-2-5 Improving efficiency: 1-2-5-1 – Increased heat transfer coefficient: aSwirl flow creates turbulence resulting in higher tube side coefficient. bUniform fluid distribution combined with interrupted swirl flow results in optimized shell side coefficient. 1-2-5-2 Lower pressure drop aThe longitudinal swirl flow of " TWISTED TUBE " technology reduces the high pressure drop associated with segmental baffles. b" TWISTED TUBE " heat exchangers are usually shorter in length and have fewer number of passes, for a lower pressure drop on the tube side. 1-2-5-3 No Vibration aBaf


Part of great engineering is great documentation, but the creation of orga-nized, well-edited, professional looking documents and manuals can be a painful bottleneck for engineers. The complex typesetting program, commonly referred to as LaTeX, is a software tool which is used to prepare documents in professional format for publication especially in the field of scientific academia. The LaTeX software tool, which is free to download to your desktop or use online, has remained largely unknown or unused by Engineering students at UAH. In order to demonstrate its utilities, and in the hopes of seeing more students at UAH take advantage of this tool, this paper highlights its various capabilities, benefits, and adaptability for different uses. Many examples in this paper come from the author's senior design project for which LaTeX was used to create 208 pages of deliverables over the course of the project.


Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered as a multiple access technique for supporting massive number of devices with high spectral efficiency. Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is an efficient solution for fully autonomous and sustainable communication networks. In this paper, application of SWIPT in networks employing cooperative NOMA (CNOMA) is investigated with imperfect channel state information (CSI). Performance of the CNOMA network with SWIPT is investigated in a multi-tier downlink scenario with macro-base stations (MBSs) and femto-base stations (FBSs). The distribution of MBSs and FBSs follow Poisson point process model. Unlike solution in the existing literature, instead of using only the superimposed signal for energy harvesting (EH), in this work, the cooperating node/user employs EH using interference from the adjacent base stations. Expressions for outage probability and throughput are derived at the user pair (comprising a cell-center user and a cell-edge user) served using NOMA. Comparison of the proposed EH system with the existing solutions is highlighted. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to validate the analytical results.


'In this article we aimed at analyzing data on the uses and functions of four six-years-olds "s private speech prompted during free graphic productions activities such as drawing and initial writing. Our study was developed from a cultural psychology perspective in which knowledge is constructed dialogically during teaching-learning activities in multimodal literacy processes. In addition, classroom interactions and problem solving involve social practices based on oral, visual and graphic modes of communication. We analyzed four 60 minutes sessions filmed in a first year classroom Junior school in which three sessions involved recount activities and one free writing session all conducted by the classroom teacher. Having episodes as unit of analysis, we applied the categories developed by literature to analyze private speech and created another category from the indexes of the specific situations. Results indicated that the use of egocentric speech functioned in order to organize drawing and spelling during free writing activities. In addition, the use of egocentric speech acquired the following functions directed to generate knowledge in intersubjectivity: a) as a commentary of the social other; b) a commentary of the speaker himself directed to the social other; c) an egocentric speech of the social other; d) an assessment commentary; e) private speeches in collective spelling; f) as present participants commentaries of agreement or disagreement


Three-phase inductors are often used in filtering applications in three-phase ac power distribution systems. A variety of magnetic architectures can be used to implement these inductors. In this work, two studies are performed comparing four possible architectures — UI-, EI-, Y- and delta-core. The first study focusses on low-frequency steel-core inductors; the second study focuses on a high switching frequency application. Results show that Y-core and delta-core inductors offer reduced mass for a given loss in both cases.


Using off-the-shelf chemicals, a team of 17 scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) in Rockville Md., designed, synthesized, and assembled a small but complete bacterial chromosome—the 582,970-bp genome of Mycoplasma genitalium JCVI-1.0. This DNA construct, more than an order of magnitude larger than any previously reported synthetic genome, is a big step toward building fully synthetic microorganisms. Details appear in the 24 January 2008 issue of Science.


The earliest Cambrian Meishucunian phosphoritic succession in eastern Yunnan, China, contains well-preserved molluscan shells that offer insights into the early evolution of skeletonization. Phosphate internal moulds, phosphate replaced originally carbonate shells, and phosphate coatings show lamello-fibrillar structure, prismatic structure, and regularly foliated structure. The lamello-fibrillar structure appears earlier in the fossil record than laminar structures such as nacreous or foliated structures. It has been identified in fossil mollusks, which occur in China as early as the lower phosphate layer of the Zhongyicun Member of the Meishucunian. Therefore, the lamello-fibrillar structure appears to be primitive in mollusks. The lamello-fibrillar and prismatic aragonite is the most common shell material of molluscan skeletons in the Early Cambrian Meishucunian and equivalents around the world. Although the early molluscan microstructure is not so diverse as that of extant mollusks, it may be of use in high rank taxonomic classification as shown by the early conchiferan mollusks discussed here. These mollusks are characterized by the horizontal fibrillae that are layered and parallel, and thereby differ from hyoliths, in which the horizontal fibrillae appear to be in the form of the bundles of fibres that can branch or anastomose.


We propose an end-to-end architecture for facial expression recognition. Our model learns an optimal tree topology for facial landmarks, whose traversal generates a sequence from which we obtain an embedding to feed a sequential learner. The proposed architecture incorporates two main streams, one focusing on landmark positions to learn the structure of the face, while the other focuses on patches around the landmarks to learn texture information. Each stream is followed by an attention mechanism and the outputs are fed to a two-stream fusion component to perform the final classification. We conduct extensive experiments on two large-scale publicly available facial expression datasets, AffectNet and FER2013, to evaluate the efficacy of our approach. Our method outperforms other solutions in the area and sets new state-of-the-art expression recognition rates on these datasets.


Seismic Guidelines for Ports was prepared by the Ports Committee of the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of the American Society of Civil Engineers, a committee of experienced professionals for port authorities, government, consulting engineering firms, and the academic community. This volume includes lessons of experience form past earthquakes; a summary of current state of knowledge and practice of risk reduction planning through design, analysis and material components; and guidelines for response and recovery at ports.


Ainhum, which was first fully described by da Silva Lima,1in 1867, has been observed not only as a clinical entity but also associated with various diseases, e. g., syphilis, leprosy and metabolic diseases. Its association and relation to hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles seem to be of sufficient interest to warrant reporting the following case. REPORT OF A CASE G. F., a Negro aged 44, was seen in the dermatologic clinic of Harlem Hospital complaining of a painful growth on the small toe of the right foot. He was born in Texas and had been a resident of New York city for seventeen years. His father was alive. He had three brothers and three sisters, none of whom presented any condition similar to his. The condition began many years before, as soft "corns" on the inner aspects of the small toes. These caused periodic discomfort, which was


Introduction
The 21st century or "The era of information" is rapidly and silently leading towards a major challenge regarding solid waste management and public health, recognized as E- waste.
Aim: To study assess Nursing Students Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards E – Waste Management
Objectives:
1. To study assess the knowledge status of E waste and its environmental and health hazards.
2. To study the mindfulness with respect to the presence and current disposal practices of E waste.
3. To study the knowledge related to E waste rules and proper disposal methods.
Methodology
This cross sectional study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing Sciences, Karad, on nursing students. Institutional ethical committee clearance was obtained. Informed consent was obtained before a questionnaire was administered. Sample size was150 included.
Results
 In this study, subjects who had heard term E waste were 92.7% and amongst them 70.66% were below 20 years. Internet (36%), newspaper (16.7%) and media (12.7%) were the major sources of information about E waste amongst these subjects. they knew about dangerous nature of e waste 58 0% they know about effect of inappropriate removal of e waste 84 7% and its ecological and wellbeing risks 73 3% and its environmental and health hazards (73.3%). They know that there are rules and regulations about E waste disposal (69.3%). 124 subjects think that their unused EEE's are not waste. They prefer to buy new gadgets for newest technology (38%), and need for greater technology.
Conclusion
It seems subjects only know the term E waste, but they don't understand how E waste is generated around them which contribute to more generation of E waste and its improper disposal. Raising awareness about this might help to control E waste generation at its origin and its segregation from regular waste.


Q.-In a large attested herd of cattle where no outside stock has been introduced for some years one of the yearold animals was found to be a reactor at the recent annual testing. However, at post-mortem examnination no sign of active tuberculosis was founzd. With a view to excluding human contacts, I have been asked to radiograph all thte mnen who attend ihe herd. Is this worth doing? A.-The human type of tubercle bacillus can be transmitted from man to cattle, usually by infected sputum. The disease induced in cattle tends to be retrogressive. Macroscopic lesions are not always in evidence at post-mortem examination and the diagnosis can be established only by a cultural or biological examination of material from representative tissues. Animals so affected will react to mammalian tuberculin, and in the present state of our knowledge we have no means of differentiating human from bovine infection by means of a tuberculin test. In the Scandinavian countries, where tuberculosis has been virtually eliminated in many areas from the bovine population, infection with the human type has given rise to serious difficulties in the interpretation of the tuberculin test. In several cases the origin of the infection has been traced to a farm worker who was disseminating the organisms. It would seem, therefore, that in the circumstances cited an x-ray examination of the farm attendants would be highly desir-able.


The crisis of comparative literature has always been a heatedly debated topic among comparatists, especially in the Western academia. In 1958, Rene Wellek's challenging speech "The Crisis of Comparative Literature" delivered at the Chapel Hill against the "non-literariness" practiced by the so-called French School caused the rise of the American School in international comparative literature scholarship. After the 1990s, the British comparatist and translation scholar Susan Bassnett, who has been productive both in comparative literature and translation studies, has more and more involved in the critiques of comparative literature as a discipline. In her influential but controversial book Comparative Literature: A Critical Introduction ( 1993 ), she gives a critical introduction to comparative literature as a discipline, which has made considerable influence on the practical studies and teaching of comparative literature at universities. One of its features is her highlighting translation studies while deliberately overlooking the value of comparative literature, that is, she apparently gives priority to the former while belittling the latter. So actually it is by no means surprised for us to read her new essay today in the 21st century. It has some continuity with her previous deconstruction of comparative literature and reconstruction of translation studies. In her above-mentioned book, after talking a lot about the validity of translation studies, Bassnett directly asserts, "Today, comparative literature in one sense is dead. The narrowness of the binary distinction, the unhelpfulness of the ahistorical approach, the complacent shortsightedness of the Literature-as-universal-civilizing-force approach have all contributed to its demise" ( 4 7). But, although she declares the "death" of comparative literature, another paradoxical phenomenon should not be


The long-term settlement in north-western Europe of people from Muslim countries is one of the most important phenomena of the last quarter of the twentieth century. In an unprecedented way it forms a central element of the demographic and cultural changes taking place in the Old Continent, and as yet no-one can foresee the precise consequences. Some, who have a monolithic view of these populations, believe that Islam is now established in a continent which it will in time conquer by means of a birth-ratejihad, thanks to the fertility and the youth of its followers, in the context of an ageing Europe in demographic decline. Others denounce such predictions as racism and xenophobia; they see Islam as one of the peacefully coexisting components of tomorrow's multicultural Europe, the symbol of modernity bringing Europe closer to the model of the United States, where blacks, Iatinos and Asians lay claim to their own specific racial and cultural identity, or at least such is the perception. A third group denies that the variable 'Muslim' has any significance; instead, the problem posed by the populations concerned is linked exclusively with their temporary inferior social situation, just as for example Italian or Polish immigrants met xenophobic exclusion in inter-war France. These three widely-aired viewpoints about the presence of Muslims in Europe fall down mainly because they are based on a considerable degree of ignorance of the concrete situation experienced by the populations in question. Although the Muslim populations in Europe have a certain number of features in common, there are also many differences between them. If we look at France and Britain, the two major north-western European states with the greatest number of Muslims, we can observe significant dissimilarities arising from two sets of factors. First, each country's traditional relationship with its settled immigrant populations (intersecting with the legacy of colonial practice) has pre-constructed a social model of recepr tion (and rejection) which is specific to that society and which the Muslim populations have had to face. On the other hand, the internal structure of these populations and in each case the groups which have achieved overall authority in the expression of their identity and determined the dominant strategy with regard to the surrounding society are not identical in the two countries. In comparing the situation in France and Britain we will observe how the confiictual link


In late 2013, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) conducted a multisectoral public opinion survey in five Latin American cities to better understand the way citizens perceive the quality of life, the needs of urban infrastructure and the standards of public services. Of the five surveyed cities, three are megacities (Mexico City, Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires) and two will soon become megacities (Bogota and Lima).


A fast market penetration of electric vehicles is (among other reasons) currently restricted by the high cost of batteries. Prolonging their life cycle by reusing them in other applications after they are retired from automotive service can be a viable option for addressing this problem. Decommissioned traction batteries still possess sufficient performance to meet the requirements of other mobile or stationary energy storage applications. This paper discusses possible secondary uses and their economic potentials. Keywords—electric vehicle batteries; secondary use; end-oflife-solutions; business models; value networks


Gwyneth Duncan (Duke University).

Batch updates of the sub-library, collection, call number type and call number fields must deal with both holdings and item records. Sometimes a new holdings record must be created. This session describes a batch process for doing this, using Perl scripts and standard ALEPH services.


In many industries various manufacturing processes require large quantities of energy in thermal form, much of which is exhausted to the atmosphere through chimney in the form of hot flue gasses. The energy losses as waste heat provides largest opportunity for recovering this heat energy which leads to the industrial energy consumption and to contribute in the energy harvesting activity.Energy harvesting study is done on industrial chimney having considerable amount of low grade heat energy. Thermoelectric power generators (TEG) converts heat energy directly to electricity through thermoelectric effect. To demonstrate the thermoelectric effect in industrial waste heat energy recovery application a model based on thermoelectric power generation system was thought and a related prototype was developed.The developed model have energy generation system attached on sides of the chimney in order to get maximum working surface area and not to affect function of chimney. It was considered that the energy thrown from the chimney as a lost energy would be recovered by a thermoelectric power generation system in term of electrical energy in some quantity. The experimental data based on the prototype is obtained related to waste heat energy recovery process. The economical aspect and period of cost recovery is also discussed in this work.


To show intelligent behavior in a First Person Shooter (FPS) game an Artificial Intelligence (AI) controlled character needs spatial and temporal awareness of the environment. Real-time environment sampling to acquire this awareness during game-play is particularly expensive in today's high detail games. Furthermore, on single CPU/core systems, that are still very common in the PC gaming landscape, there is only a small percentage of CPU time allocated for AI. As such, pre-calculated data structures need to be used as much as possible to allow the AI to quickly analyze the environment and make intelligent decisions. Id's new title, Enemy Territory QUAKE Wars is powered by the revolutionary id Tech 4 game engine which has a system in place that allows the artificial players (a.k.a. bots) to quickly acquire the spatial and temporal awareness needed in order to perform well in the game. During the pre-calculation phase of this system, a boundary representation (b-rep) of configuration space (C-Space) is calculated in the form of one or more two-manifold triangle meshes. This is a complex and time consuming process where geometric operations are performed on millions of triangles. To significantly speed up this process the work is divided into many independent smaller chunks which allows maximum parallelism to be exploited through the Xoreax Grid Engine (XGE) of IncrediBuild's distributed build technology. Pre-calculation for AI in computer games is an area where the XGE is very effective in bringing down compilation times and as such in reducing the turn-around time during development. 1. Pre-calculation for AI Both spatial and temporal awareness are key to performing well in an FPS game. The human brain is very good at recognition and prediction and human players take advantage of these skills to quickly become aware of the environment in an FPS game. After playing an FPS game a few times people easily recognize where they are in the environment and quickly anticipate what is going to happen, which allows them to make decisions on where to go and what they need to do. At any given time an Artificial Intelligence (AI) controlled character for an FPS game also needs to be able to quickly acquire the spatial and temporal awareness required to make an intelligent decision on where to go and what needs to be done. Even though multi-core systems are rapidly taking over the PC gaming landscape there are still a large number of single CPU/core systems out there. On these systems the amount of CPU time allocated for AI is quite often still no more than 10 percent. At the same time the game environments are becoming much more complex and dynamic. The polygonal complexity of the environments has increased significantly over the years and in today's games there are many more dynamic objects that are moving through the environment with the use of sophisticated real-time physics simulations. In order to deal with this increased complexity while using as little CPU as possible, it is key to pre-calculate anything for the AI that can be pre-calculated. Everything that doesn't change and is static in the environment needs to be considered for pre-calculation to produce data structures that make it easier for the AI controlled characters to quickly understand their position and situation in the environment. Furthermore it is important to pre-calculate data structures that will make dealing with dynamic objects faster in real-time. The "pre-calculated" data for the AI can be added to a game either programmatically or by hand. Certain hints for the AI are seemingly easily placed in a level by a level designer, like for instance waypoints, paths, camp spots, cover locations, etc. However, placing optimal waypoints and creating good paths such that the AI can easily reach all locations in a level is a non-trivial task. Furthermore as strategies become more complex so do the hints that need to be placed in a level. A level designer typically needs to manually place a large number of hints to cover the whole environment. Before placing hints, a level designer needs to be educated in placing these hints which takes time. A level designer can also make mistakes, especially when the hints that need to be placed are complex and/or optimal placement is not well defined. Manually placed waypoints, paths and hints require continuous testing to catch any mistakes and to generally make sure the AI is able to use the hints as intended. An algorithmic solution to provide the AI with the information it needs may initially have problems due to bugs in the implementation. However, when a bug is fixed it usually does not come back, whereas with a manual solution human error can be introduced at any time during development. An algorithmic solution results in scalability, repeatability and consistency. Furthermore scaling is much cheaper. Hiring, educating and employing another level designer is expensive. An algorithmic solution may initially require some programmer time but is in the end much cheaper in that more levels can be compiled in a shorter period of time by simply using more computing power. 2. Area Awareness System The bots in Enemy Territory QUAKE Wars (ETQW) use an Area Awareness System (AAS) to understand, navigate and quickly become aware of the environment. This area system is automatically derived from the level geometry during an off-line compilation process. The first step of the AAS compilation process involves the construction of a boundary representation (brep) of configuration space (C-Space). The b-rep of C-Space consists of one or more twomanifold meshes that describe the Minkowsky sum of the world geometry and the bounding volume in which a bot (or player) resides. In the next step the AAS compiler identifies walkable surfaces on the b-rep of C-Space. The walkable surfaces are subdivided into the least number of walkable areas, such that a bot or player can move in a straight line between any two points in an area. This requires a considerable amount of filtering in order to ignore small details that should not be considered obstacles for player navigation. Next so called "reachabilities" are calculated that specify how a bot can navigate from one area to another. The AAS implements a hierarchical routing system to find routes through the environment in real-time. This system includes a cache manager to cache routes and as such avoid frequent recalculations of routes. The hierarchical nature of the routing system makes calculating routes very fast and minimizes cache sizes. Once a route has been calculated a path optimizer is used to plot straight and curved paths through the environment along a route. The path optimizer traces along the floor to test whether or not an AI can walk to a certain point or walk in a certain direction. These floor traces are very fast because the AAS filters out all the small details that are not obstacles for player navigation but would be returned by a regular collision detection query. Once the optimized path has been calculated a system is used to calculate paths around arbitrary complex configurations of dynamic obstacles. This system modifies the optimized path if there are dynamic obstacles in the way. While calculating a new path the obstacle avoidance system also takes the static boundaries of the environment into account to keep the AI from running into static world geometry. The AAS is setup to quickly provide all local world boundaries, like walls and ledges, that need to be taken into account while avoiding obstacles. One of the most basic and fundamental things an AI needs to be able to do is to become aware of its current location in the environment and understand the immediate surroundings. Many other systems for AI use spatio-temporal coherence where the understanding of the current location of the AI is derived from a previously known location. However, in a highly dynamic game environment events may happen that cannot always be anticipated and the AI may end up in a location far away from any previously known location. For instance the AI may have been walking close to a ledge and got pushed off, an explosion could have sent the AI flying, or the AI got dragged along by a vehicle, etc. Becoming aware of the current location in the environment (for instance by finding a nearest waypoint) through regular environment sampling without knowing a previous location is exceedingly expensive in today's high detail game environments. The AAS allows an AI to become aware of its current location in the world at any time, with the calculation of just 10 to 20 dot products, without having to cache a previously known location. When the AI is aware of its current location the system immediately provides a lot of the information the AI needs to make an intelligent decision on where to go and what needs to be done. The system then allows the AI to quickly perform additional queries to gather any additional information it needs, like routes, paths, travel times and other properties of the environment.


Infection of postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with three, six, or 10 preadult and adult sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) per fish resulted in changes to epithelial structure and at sites in the skin and gill, distant from lice attachment and feeding. In the skin, increased apoptosis and necrosis occurred in the superficial epithelial cells and numbers of mucous cells decreased. In the gill, where no lice were found, uplifting of the epithelium, intercellular swelling, and infiltration by leukocytes occurred in filaments and lamellae. High cell turnover of chloride cells was associated with significantly elevated gill Na+/K+-ATPase activities. Serum chloride levels were elevated in the 3 and 6 lice/fish groups, and the serum Na to Cl ratio was lower in all parasitized groups at 5 days. The results indicate that infection with low numbers of the preadult and adult parasite induced changes characteristic of a stress response. In the low- and medium-infested groups, homeostatic recovery had occurred ...


The diet of the Nankeen Kestrel 'Falco cenchroides' in Australia is fairly well known, but has rarely been quantified. We analysed stomach contents of dead Kestrels collected in the grounds of Brisbane Airport in 2011-2013 to determine the preferred prey of the Airport's Kestrel population. Diversity of the prey items was quantified using Simpson's and Shannon's Indices, as well as a relatively new index, the Index of Relative Importance. The stomach contents of 17 Kestrels were examined, and 183 individual prey items identified. The majority of the prey items were orthopteran insects, which occurred in 94% of the sampled stomachs, and in greater numbers than any other prey taxon. The dominance of the diet by orthopterans indicates that this taxon is of high value to the resident Kestrels. We speculate that this importance may be related to the high numbers of orthopterans present on the Airport grounds, and their relative ease of capture in comparison with vertebrate prey. The diet of the Kestrels at Brisbane Airport is similar to that reported previously for this species. The data from this study may facilitate better management of the bird-strike threat from this species at the Airport in the future.


Deuterium isotopologues of the ionic liquid (IL) 1–n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) sequentially labeled on the C-1″, C-1′, C-2′, C-3′, and C-4′ positions of the N-alkyl groups were prepared following a strategy that minimizes the number of distinct reactions through the use of analogous synthetic routes. In several cases, good yields after the initial deuterium incorporation reaction were achieved by combining well-established chemical transformations into efficient single-step processes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The method used in the classical paper by Zielke to estimate the unsteady component of shear stress in unsteady pipe flows is revisited. It is found that the method is undesirably sensitive to the size of the integration time step. The sensitivity is shown to be caused dominantly by the first term in the integration when inadequate allowance is made for the infinite value of the weighting function. A simple method of avoiding the error without requiring the use of small grid sizes is presented.


A new antibiotic, cyanocycline A, was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces flavogriseus strain No. 49, a soil isolate. The molecular formula of cyanocycline A was determined to be C22H26N4O5. The antibiotic has a cyano group and a N-heterocyclic quinone moiety in its structure. Cyanocycline A was found to have broad spectrum antimicrobial and antitumor activity.


Lung adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis arises from autocrine and paracrine signaling events between tumor epithelial cells and the stromal microenvironment that is mediated in part by transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling. The copper‐dependent amine oxidase lysyl oxidase (LOX) plays a role in extracellular matrix structure and is up‐regulated in invasive type II TGF‐β receptor‐deficient cells. The authors hypothesized that LOX expression is associated with extent of invasion and survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.


A field experiment was conducted to assess the performance of phosphorus @O P 2 O 5 , 1/3 P 2 O 5 and 2/3 P 2 O 5 and 100% P 2 O 5 of recommended dose in combination with different levels of sulphitation pressmud cake @ 3,6 and 9 t/ha with suru sugarcane at Regional Sugarcane and Jaggery Research Station, Kolhapurin 1991-92 to 1993-94. The objectives was to reduce the reliance on chemical fertilizer through utilisation of renewable organic source, pressmud cake and develop efficient integrated nutrient supply system and its effect on soil properties. Results showed that 6t pmc/ha + 2/3 dose of recommended phosphorus appeared optimum for cane productivity (117.62 MT/ ha). It gave an economy of 1/3 dose of recommended phosphorus. Productivity of sugarcane crop got augmented with increasing doses of pressmud cake and inorganic phosphorus fertilizers. This indicated that pressmud was effective for maintaining soil fertility at higher levels. Sugarcane crop produces a heavy tonnage and also tends to remove substantial quantum of plant nutrients. There is a shortage of FYM and compost in the country. On an average 4.3 t of filter cake is produced for every 100 tonnes of sugarcane crushed in sugarmill and India develops more than 2.8 million tonnes of pressmud cake. Superphosphate is rather expensive and occasionally in short supply can may be replaced by pressmud cake as comparatively inexpensive phosphatic manures. In the present study, it was evaluated nutrient based under Kolhapur condition.


The rule of trajectory structure for fourth-order nonlinear difference equation , where and the initial values , is described clearly out in this paper. Mainly, the lengths of positive and negative semicycles of its nontrivial solutions are found to occur periodically with prime period 15. The rule is in a period. By utilizing this rule its positive equilibrium point is verified to be globally asymptotically stable.


The report reviews articles published between June 1992 and June 1993 and ongoing research on the potential adverse health effects from exposure to power frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMFs). It reviews the epidemiology and general human health effects of EMF, and relevant research findings in the areas of animal tumor studies, experimental studies of biological, developmental, immunological, neurobehavioral and physiological effects, and cell-level research. Appendices cover state and local initiatives regarding regulation of EMF exposure, and studies of exposure mitigation. More than half of the major epidemiologic studies this year reported weak associations between EMF exposure and cancer, principally leukemia, but all suffer from the small numbers of cases involved. Data from animal tumor studies have been as contradictory as in previous years with respect to the activity of EMF as a tumor promoter. While a majority of the reported studies of the biological effects of EMF describe positive findings, these effects are not completely consistent, and results obtained by one group cannot always be replicated by other researchers. The most convincing effects are mild behavioral disturbances, altered heart rate, changes in daily rhythms of melatonin production by the pineal, effects on calcium transport, and modifications in gene expression.


Thank you for reading control of enzyme activity. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this control of enzyme activity, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. control of enzyme activity is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the control of enzyme activity is universally compatible with any devices to read.


*Correspondence: Ewa Deskur-Smielecka, Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Hospicjum Palium, os. Rusa 25a, 61-245 Poznan, Poland, Tel: +48 61 8738 303; E-mail: email@example.com Received Date: 06 Sep 2018 Accepted Date: 30 Sep 2018 Published Date: 06 Oct 2018 Citation: Deskur-Smielecka E, Sopata M, Chojnicki M, Sopata M. Gastrointestinal Fistula with Thigh Extension in a Palliative Care Patient with Intractable Pain: A Case Report. Clin Oncol. 2018; 3: 1533. Copyright © 2018 Ewa DeskurSmielecka. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Case Report Published: 06 Oct, 2018


This paper has studied deformation and failure types of the underground excavation surrounding rockmass in low ground stress state, based on a hydraulic engineering nearby a city in Northwest China. And 3 types are put forward: gravity fall, tension collapse and extrusion press slide. It's useful not only to study its failure mechanism further, but also to define engineering measures which is suitable for surrounding rock mass.


MY ESSAY PROPOSES TO MAKE a modest down payment on a much-needed narrative of Goethe's philosophical development that refutes some widely held views. The first kind of account claims that Goethe was philosophically naive, unschooled, and uninterested.1 A second characterization I would want to counter, which might be called the "condescending neo-Kantian" narrative, is one in which Goethe began as a naive realist, was taken in hand by Schiller, and finally converted grudgingly to a kind of poorly understood Kantianism. Both these accounts are very far from the truth. Goethe's philosophy and relationship to other philosophers can be characterized generally as "intuitive"—in all the senses of that (intentionally) ambiguous term. As a thinker, Goethe was inspired rather than methodical. Moreover, he was "intuitive" in his ability to size up philosophical issues and individual philosophers quickly, getting to the heart of the matter on surprisingly short acquaintance. And Goethe's philosophical work is focused specifically on the role of the faculty of intuition (Spinoza's scientia intuitiva; Kant's "produktive Einbildungskraft" and "intellectus archetypus"; Fichte's "intellektuelle Anschauung") in epistemology, ethics, and scientific discovery. As a philosopher of science, Goethe progresses through three phases, which one might call Realist, Idealist, and Romantic.2 The major influence in the first phase is Spinoza as interpreted by Herder; in the second, Fichte.3 In the third phase, Goethe develops an original epistemology that might be termed a kind of gesteigerter Spinozismus. The focus here will be on Goethe's Metamorphose der Pflanzen as the culmination of Goethe's first phase; consideration of the second and third phases must be deferred to another occasion. Both Goethe's Metamorphose der Pflanzen and the influence of Spinoza on Goethe have been studied extensively, of course, but I will argue that Goethe's study is suffused with Spinoza's epistemology in specific and important ways that have not been sufficiently realized. Spinoza accompanied Goethe at every moment of his philosophical career. Even in the second phase, when his influence is not so immediately apparent, Spinoza continued to grow inside Goethe, eventually "blossoming" at the end of Goethe's life. Eckermann's characterization of Goethe's evolving relationship to Spinoza is beautiful and precise:


-A the in the Laetolil two beds. phlogopite K -A r for concordant date of 3.55 Ma r-39Ar incremental on a split of a single large crystal of phlogopite for K-A r dates of Ma 3.62


Updated nonlinearity models for solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) include both amplitude and phase distortions, and thus being the same as nonlinearities in traveling-wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs), resulting in detrimental effects for multiple-input multiple-output space-time block code (MIMO-STBC) systems with nonlinear amplifications. This work presents a thorough investigation for the performance of a non-parametric phase estimation method for receive signal in such systems with different nonlinearities incurred from several types of HPAs. Numerical simulations verify the relevance of theoretical arguments and efficiency of the proposed estimation scheme.


This essay explores the hidden history of the origin and gestation of Mexico's Monetary Reform of 1905. It argues that two symmetrical forces pushed the Mexican government toward the reform: foreign financiers (and their domestic allies), whose capital investments (and expatriated profits) suffered under a depreciating currency and the Mexican government, which wished to maintain its export model while seeking to avoid inflation and deteriorating terms of trade. Furthermore, the essay reconstructs the internal political climate, closely following the nuanced conflict between rival domestic power groups, and the ways in which external actors, especially U.S. bankers exacerbated those conflicts.


Population axiology concerns how to evaluate populations in regard to their goodness, that is, how to order populations by the relations "is better than" and "is as good as". This field has been riddled with impossibility results which seem to show that our considered beliefs are inconsistent in cases where the number of people and their welfare varies. All of these results have one thing in common, however. They all involve an adequacy condition that rules out Derek Parfit's Repugnant Conclusion:


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify the trends in crop diversification (CD) while examining its impact on the technical efficiency of peasant farmers in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach - The paper employs the Herfindahl and Ogive indices to compute the diversification indices and the stochastic frontier production model (SFPM) to estimate the technical efficiency (TE) level of the farms using unbalanced panel data covering three farming seasons (2006/2007 to 2008/2009). Findings - The results of both the Herfindahl and Ogive indices showed that cropping pattern increased significantly with the intensification of crop diversification in the study across the three seasons. The result of the SFPM shows evidence of decreasing returns-to-scale and technical progress in the food crop production in the region. Education, extension, and CD are identified as efficiency increasing policy variables while an average TE level of about 81 percent was obtained from the analysis. Originality/value - To the best of the author's knowledge, this the very first study that employs panel data to analyze technical efficiency of farms in Nigeria.


Recently, porting real-time collaborative services on the Internet has been attracting much interest. Mixing packets from all clients in a conference can lead to diminished speech clarity. In this paper, we describe real-time voice conferencing service framework designed for a Virtual Conferencing Environment. We propose a system designed to accommodate a large number of participants without losing spontaneity. We surmise that change in speakers addressing the conference should not be abrupt, which transpires when the decision is exclusively based on floor control techniques leading lower quality of conference. We propose a dynamic conference control and media handling of a conference taking into account users behavior. We try to allow users to decide who should have the floor to address the conference instinctively. Highlights of this architecture are scalability, bandwidth saving and improvement in quality of the conference. The contributions of this work aid in faster and user-friendly implementations of collaborative conferencing systems on the Internet. A working prototype has been field tested on a campus wide subnet.


In real-world applications, speaker recognition models often face various domain-mismatch challenges, leading to a significant drop in performance. Although numerous domain adaptation techniques have been developed to address this issue, almost all present methods focus on a simple configuration where the model is trained in one domain and deployed in another. However, real-world environments are often complex and may contain multiple domains, making the methods designed for one-to-one adaptation suboptimal. In our paper, we propose a self-supervised learning method to tackle this multi-domain adaptation problem. Building upon the basic self-supervised adaptation algorithm, we designed three strategies to make it suitable for multi-domain adaptation: an in-domain negative sampling strategy, a MoCo-like memory bank scheme, and a CORAL-like distribution alignment. We conducted experiments using VoxCeleb2 as the source domain dataset and CN-Celeb1 as the target multi-domain dataset. Our results demonstrate that our method clearly outperforms the basic self-supervised adaptation method, which simply treats the data of CN-Celeb1 as a single domain. Importantly, the improvement is consistent in nearly all in-domain tests and cross-domain tests, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed method.


Background. As a strategy to promote access to quality health services, including psychiatric nursing, compulsory community service for nurses wasintroduced in January 2008.Objective. To determine the factors impacting the KwaZulu-Natal College of Nursing (KZNCN) student nurses' selection of psychiatric hospitals as theirplacement areas for community service.Methods. A quantitative, exploratory, descriptive research design was adopted. Convenience sampling was used to select 125 respondents from sixcampuses of KZNCN. An electronic 5-point Likert scale-based self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp.,USA) was used for data analysis.Results. The study found that the following factors impacted the selection of psychiatric hospitals for community service: insufficient time allocated forthe practice of psychiatry during training; fear of exposure to threat; poor infrastructure and scarce facilities; and insufficient danger allowance.Conclusion. A positive practice environment should be created in psychiatric hospitals to attract student nurses and retain them in the psychiatricenvironment after community service.


A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2000 and 2001 at Hawalbagh, Almora, to find out the most productive and remunerative relay intercropping combination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. nom. cons.) in maize (Zea mays L.). Relay intercropping of tomato in maize reduced fruit yield of tomato by 12.1-31.5 % compared to sole crop of tomato. Among the different combinations of relay intercropping of tomato in maize, 1 row of tomato within paired rows of maize (40/80 cm) and 2 rows of tomato between 2 paired rows of maize recorded the highest tomato fruit yield (38 052 kg/ha). All the relay intercropping combinations enhanced the total production in terms of maize-equivalent yield by 4.5-4.9 times over maize sole (7 656 kg/ha). Relay intercropping oftomato in maize in the row ratio of 1:1 recorded the highest total production in terms of maize-equivalent yield (52 883 kg/ha), gross returns (Rs 264 422/ha), net returns (Rs198 820/ha) and land-equivalent ratio (1.86), followed by relay intercropping of 1 row of tomato within paired rows of maize and 1 row of tomato between 2 paired rows (40/80 cm) of maize (maize-equivalent yield 52 244 kg/ha, gross returns Rs 261 191/ha, net returns Rs 196 055/ha and land-equivalent ratio 1.79). All the intercropping combinations recorded higher benefit : cost ratio (3.17.-4.03) than sole maize treatments (1.63-1.74).


The design and construction of new types of imaging systems has become feasible with the availability of reliable, relatively low cost focal plane arrays (FPA's). This paper presents experimental and modeling investigations of an imaging grating spectrometer utilizing a 128 X 128 InSb FPA for measurements in the 3 - 5 micrometers region. The modeling efforts verify the conceptual feasibility and identify practical limitations in sensitivity and dynamic range by considering system throughput, significant instrument thermal self-emission, and system noise. The model includes a detailed examination of the optical parameters, the focal plane noise sources, and the electronics. The design concepts and performance were verified experimentally by building and testing a prototype imaging spectrometer using commercially available optics, FPA, electronics, and computer equipment. Data is presented which illustrate the simultaneous spectra and spatial measurement features and the versatility of the sensor system. Both the model and the measurement results show the impact of instrument self-emissions, FPA noise, and FPA nonuniformities on the sensor system. It is very apparent that cryogenic optics, improved FPA non-uniformity correction, and an upgraded data acquisition system will significantly improve the performance of the prototype imaging spectrometer system and are important considerations for future designs.


Abstract : Social media has become an increasingly important part of our daily lives in the last few years. With the convenience built into smart devices, many new ways of communicating have been made possible via social-media applications. Sentiment analysis and topic detection are two growing areas in Natural Language Processing, and there are increasing trends of using them in social media analytics. In this thesis, we analyze various standard methods used in supervised sentiment analysis and supervised topic detection on social media for Colloquial Singapore English. For supervised topic detection, we created a naive Bayes classifier that performed classification on 5000 annotated Facebook posts. We compared the result of our classifier against open source classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Maximum Entropy and Labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). For supervised sentiment analysis, we developed a phrasal classifier that analyzed the polarity of 425 argumentative Facebook posts. Our naive Bayes classifier gave the best accuracy result of 89% for supervised topic detection on two-class classification and 57% accuracy for our six-class classification. For our supervised sentiment analysis, our phrasal sentiment analysis classifier obtained an accuracy of 35.5% with negative polarity class achieving a high precision of 94.3%.


We present a review of software-induced failures in commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs) and in several non-nuclear industries. We discuss the approach used for connecting operational events related to these failures and the insights gained from this review. In particular, we elaborate on insights that can be used to model this kind of failure in a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) model. We present the conclusions reached in these areas.


Introduction: The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship of the factors related to burnout syndrome in health staff Hermilio Valdizan Regional Hospital in the period 2014. Methods: The study analyzed from patients treated from January to December 2010, it was developed an observational, analytical, transversal, retrospective case – control study, of 130 patients: 65 cases and 65 controls which were chosen at randomized from the record of the department of Gynecology, cases were those pregnant patients with diagnosis with urinary tract infection and controls were those pregnant patients who assisted during this period for various reasons without a diagnosis of urinary tract infection; information gathering was to review the medical records taken as a reference sheet prenatal care, the base characteristics of the groups were compared using chi-square test. It was estimated the association between the two groups and risk factors by the odds ratio (OR) it was estimated using the test bivariate associations T. Results: The pregnant adolescents 11 to 19 years old are more likely than pregnant women aged 20 years old or more to present urinary tract infection (OR: 2,81) (95% CI 1,20 to 6,56), the presence of anemia was also associated with increased risk of urinary tract infection (OR 2,72) (95% CI 1,08 to 6,83), and the primigestacion (OR:3) (CI: 95% 1,45 to 6,20). Conclusions: Urinary tract infection in pregnant women was associated with the primigestacion, adolescence and the presence of anemia.


Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China. However, information about COVID-19 in cities and regions outside Wuhan is limited and the indicators that predict the length of hospital stay for patients with COVID-19 are unclear. Therefore, we collected clinical data from 47 patients with COVID-19 in Quanzhou City. The median age was 38 years [interquartile range (IQR): 31–50 years], and 24 (51%) were male. There were 8 mild, 36 moderate, and 3 severe/critical cases. The median interval from exposure to disease onset was 13 days (IQR: 8–18 days). The incidence of severe/critical cases was 33% (3/10) in patients with hypertension. Common symptoms included fever (83%), cough (77%), fatigue (40%), a sore, dry throat (28%), and diarrhea (21%). One patient (2%) developed respiratory distress syndrome on day 13 of inpatient treatment. Six patients had leukopenia, 17 had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and 8 had lymphocytopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The median length of hospitalization was 22 days (IQR: 16-30 days). Dynamic monitoring of LDH, CRP, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicted whether length of hospitalization would exceed 21 days. Most patients presented with mild and moderate disease. Patients with hypertension were more likely to become severe or critical. Dynamic monitoring of LDH, CRP, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio levels can help predict delayed discharge from the hospital.


Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) at present still suffer from low rate capability and poor cycle life during fast ion insertion/extraction process. Searching high-capacity and stable anode materials is still ongoing challenge. Herein, a facile strategy for the synthesis of ultrathin GeS 2 nanosheets with the thickness of 1.1 nm is reported. When used as anodes for LIBs, the two-dimensional (2D) structure can effectively increase the electrode/electrolyte interface area, facilitate the ion transport and buffer the volume expansion. Benefiting from these merits, the as-synthesized GeS 2 nanosheets deliver high specific capacity (1335 mAh g -1 at 0.15 A g -1 ), extraordinary rate performance ( 337 mA h g -1 at 15 A g -1 ) and stable cycling performance (974 mAh g -1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g -1 ). Importantly, our fabricated Li-ion full cells manifest an impressive specific capacity of 577 mAh g -1 after 50 cycles at 0.1 A g -1 and a high energy density of 361 Wh kg -1 at a power density of 346 W kg -1 . Furthermore, the electrochemical reaction mechanism is investigated by the means of ex-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These results suggest that GeS 2 can use to be an alternative anode material and encourage more efforts to develop other high-performance LIBs anodes.


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States, claiming more than 800,000 lives annually. A healthy diet is one key lifestyle strategy to reduce CVD risk factors, including high blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and ultimately prevent atherosclerotic heart disease—or the hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by fatty build up that can lead to heart attack and stroke. However, there is scarce data to guide patients' decisions as to which hearthealthy diet to adopt.


Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants born to mothers with preeclampsia and to compare them with preterm controls.Study design: This was a retrospective, observational study in a large, tertiary, neonatal intensive care unit. Neurodevelopmental evaluations using Bayley Scales of Infant Development II were performed in 226 two-year-old infants with birth weight ≤1500 g and gestational age ≤32 weeks who were born to mothers with preeclampsia and in 493 infants who were born after normotensive pregnancies, matched for gestational age and gender.Results: The mean gestational ages of the infants in the preeclampsia and control groups were 29.9±2.3 weeks and 28.7±4.1 weeks, respectively (p<0.001). A total of 372 infants with a mean age of 19.2±3.2 months were assessed for long-term outcome. The mean mental developmental index score was significantly higher, and the percentage of infants with cerebral palsy was significantly lower, in the preeclampsia group compared with the control group (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively). However, no overall significant differences in neurodevelopmental impairment rates were found between the two groups (p=0.08).Conclusion: Maternal preeclampsia seems to be a protector factor for the development of cerebral palsy in preterm infants.


Provided is a bouncing typed ground socket comprising a fixing frame body, a bouncing frame and an operation mechanism. The bouncing frame is articulated with the fixing frame body and is provided with a twisting spring. An A face functional part and a B face functional part are placed in the bouncing frame. B face functional part is provided with a small bouncing typed square cover. As the utility model is provided with a small bouncing typed square cover, and the function of the B face is added, compared with prior similar products, the utility model equals two similar products. Therefore, the using occasions are widened with little increase in cost.


Project: Use of Novec 649 in the ATLAS Thermosiphon cooling system Abstract Novec 649 is a fluid with thermo-physical properties similar to C6F14 and very low global warming potential. This memo presents information about the potential use of Novec 649 instead of C6F14 in ATLAS detector cooling applications like TRT cooling, cable cooling and Thermosiphon. 1. ATLAS cooling overview In the current cooling system of ATLAS, C6F14 (Brine) is used in a closed loop in order to cool down the condenser of the Thermosiphon Circuit. It is composed of set of two redundant pumps which circulate C6F14 between Chiller units and Thermosiphon condenser with automatic swap procedure based on priority level. The C6F14 liquid is stored in the tank placed in the roof of SH1 building. The tank liquid level monitoring provides basic leak detection.


Objective:To investigate the chemical constituents in stems and leaves of Thladiantha Dubia Bunge by preliminary test.Methods:The test tube method was used to preliminarily analyze the possible chemical constituents in water extraction,ethanol extraction and ligroin extraction of stems and leaves of Thladiantha Dubia Bunge.Results:The stems and leaves of Thladiantha Dubia Bunge contained amino acid,saccharide,triterpenoid saponin,phenols,organic acid and so on.Conclusions:The stems and leaves of Thladiantha Dubia Bunge have nearly the same chemical constituents as root and fruit of Thladiantha Dubia Bunge.


The synthesis of a series of amides derived from benzonorbornen-2-endo-amine is described. Some compounds showed a remarkable infiltration anesthesia in mice and a moderate hypotensive activity in rats. Antiarrhythmic activity in mice is also reported.


This book brought to a German audience new material, including many photographs and documents on the six factes of Buddhist life in India to day. The Englis translation will bring the auhtor's innovative study to an evn wider audience.


Experiment and Practice on the Qinling spruce breeding were summarized,illustrating the selection of seed trees,seeds storage,germination promotion,seedling breeding and seedling transplantation.Technical references for spruce breeding was provided.


BACKGROUND: Splenic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT)/inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare pseudotumor/tumor of unknown origin, which is usually benign, although atypical and aggressive cases have been reported. It is a lesion composed of proliferated myofibroblastic cells (hence IMT by some authors) with admixed pleomorphic inflammatory cells of varying proportions.
CASE REPORT: Herein, we report a case of 61-year-old male patient with ill-defined abdominal discomfort and no other symptoms and signs. Clinical and imaging investigations revealed a mass in the spleen that was equivocally interpreted as secondary neoplasm, although primary neoplasm of the spleen was not excluded by the radiologists. Splenectomy was performed and on gross examination a well demarcated greyish-livid tumor measuring 3.5 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm was discovered. Microscopic examination showed proliferation of loosely arranged spindle cells admixed with inflammatory cells (histiocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, occasional plasma cells, and/or plasmacytoid cells) with varying density and multifocal clustering, multifocal hemorrhage, and fibrinoid-like deposition. We performed additional histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings which were consistent with the diagnosis of IPT/IMT. Next-generation sequencing (TruSight Tumor 15) showed common TP53 polymorphism (c.215C>G; p.Pro72Arg) along with several intronic and synonymous single nucleotide variations (SNVs), as well as five low confidence missense SNVs. Sixteen months after the operation the patient has uneventful follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Although the incidence of IPT/IMT is low, awareness of its existence is necessary. The prognosis is favorable following splenectomy in most cases. Careful microscopic examination of the specimen is mandatory, due to possible misdiagnosis. We believe that extensive NGS analysis on archive samples would provide more data about the spectrum of possible genetic changes in lesions like IPM/IMT.


459P Effects of early imprinting and replacing inorganic Zn with different levels of Zn proteinate in broiler diets on growth performance and tissue zinc status of broiler chicks. S. Mwangi*1, T. Ao2, J. Timmons1, M. Paul2, L. Macalintal2, A. Pescatore2, A. Cantor2, and M. Ford2, 1University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, 2Alltech-University of Kentucky Nutrition Research Alliance, Lexington, KY.


Background: Spontaneous rupture of a hepatic hydatid cyst resulting in biliary peritonitis is an infrequent but severe complication that requires urgent surgical intervention and has high rates of morbidity and mortality. There are very few reported cases of this complication in the medical literature.
Case Presentation: We present an unusual case of a 64-year-old male who presented with acute peritonitis due to biliary peritonitis resulting from the spontaneous rupture of a large hydatid cyst of the liver, as seen on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, which also showed intraperitoneal fluid. During the operation, approximately 4L of infected bile was found in the peritoneal cavity, and a cystobiliary communication was observed with rupture of the anterior wall of the cyst. Treatment involved unroofing the cyst and closing the communication. The patient was free of recurrence and in good health after 6 months of follow-up.
Conclusion: Although this complication is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in patients living in endemic areas.


The human mind tends to recognize numbers, shapes and forms in the external world. Geometric shapes persist in Art and Architecture from Prehistory to Modern Age. In this paper we report about an ongoing investigation into this persistence, starting from sinusoids and oscillations, catenaries and helicoids, chosen as possible organization centers of the many recognizable forms. The aim is to understand how, when and why this persistence of forms has accompanied the parallel evolution of Art and Science. Examples are chosen from Mesopotamian Art, Gothic, Islamic Art, Baroque and Modern Architecture.


Objective To obtain short peptides which specifically binds to HepG2 cell line from 12 peptide libraries, and lay foundation for screening and identifying the new liver cancer markers for early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Methods The liver cancer cell line HepG2 was used as the antigen and LO-2 as the absorber cells for subtraction biopanning from a phage display peptide library at 37℃. The positive phage clones were identified by cell enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (EL1SA), and the identity of DNA sequence and amino acids were analyzed. Results After 3 rounds of screening, 30 phage clones were identified by EL1SA, ZS-9 of them bind to the HepG2 specifically. The amino acid sequence was blast in NCBI and Swiss-Prot, the results show that the sequence has not identity with the known genes and proteins in the database, and the sequence was not reported in literature. All these show that we had discovered several novel liver cancer associated antigen ligand. Conclusion Several candidate peptide binding to liver cancer specifically have been selected by phage display technology, providing the potential uses for early diagnosis of liver cancer or targeted therapy for liver cancer.

Key words:
Carcinoma hepatocellular;  Phage library;  Peptides;  HepG2;  Subtract biopanning


This study addressed the problem of how a prospective mathematics teacher's active engagement in a scientific inquiry can deepen the meaning of her extant mathematical concepts. We used a constructivist framework to analyze a 2-hour interview with a prospective mathematics teacher as she solved an open-ended problem of graphing a 3-D landform. We found two overlapping components in her learning via cycles of action and reflection: interpreting the task and reorganizing extant conceptions to quantify projective, horizontal/vertical distances.


The trees defined on Γn,γ(n≥2γ+1,γ≥2) were discussed.By using the theorems of moving edges,a new operation of moving edges was constructed.The first two largest spectral radiuses in the class Γn,γ,together with the corresponding graphs were given.


Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive intervention on cardiovascular disease prevention treatment.Methods Random select 100 cardiovascular disease patients,who were cured in our hospital and bad bee given comprehensive intervention treatment,as the objects of the study during January 2011 to July 2012 period.Divide the 100 patients into two groups(observation group and control group),every group had 50 patients.For the patients of control group,only gave common treatment and corresponding observation,for the patients of observation patients,comprehensive intervention treatment,which mainly included life style,dietary habit,the amount of exercise,psychology and medication use,had bee used.And then observe the changes of all kinds of risk factors such as smoking rate,perturbation salt and body mass index and so on,the changes of blood pressure and blood fat also had been observed.Results After comprehensive intervention,the smoking rate of patients decreased obviously,the number of patients who preferred light taste and normal body mass index increased obviously,the amplitude of drop of TC,LDC-C and TG were 17.68%,35.46%,9.04% respectively,the mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure dropped 5.6mmHg and 5.85mmHg respectively,all of these were superior to control group.Conclusion Comprehensive intervention treatment can control the cardiovascular disease effectively,thus reducing the happen of cardiovascular events.


Asymmetry introduced to an otherwise planar phased array Bragg cell transducer design results in the elimination of one of two steering acoustic wave fronts. Therefore, all of the acoustic power is applied to the acousto‐optic interaction process. In addition, a factor of 1.8 improvement in wide‐band acousto‐optic Bragg cell interaction efficiency is realized over the planar phased array design. The technique to establish the asymmetry was to use a periodic silver film as a quarter‐wave step. This new technique is particularly suitable for the construction of wideband Bragg cells at microwave frequencies.


Larvae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga ruficornis were exposed to Heat and Cold shock stresses in the present study. One of the responses to stress is the internal tissue damage. Trypan blue dye exclusion method was used to analyze the tissue tolerance to heat shock and cold shock. There is a difference in tolerance level in nongut and gut tissues to these thermal stresses.


The feasibility of using lightning-rate data to aid in the early warning of microburst occurrence in moist environments is illustrated. Convective tendency images were generated for a small microburst-producing storm that developed in northern Alabama on July 20, 1986 during the Cooperative Huntsville Meteorological Experiment. Radar observations were obtained from the NCAR CP2 10-cm dual-polarization Doppler radar, while the measurements of total lightning activity were provided by the National Severe Storm Laboratory, a mobile laboratory that was located under the storm throughout its lifetime. The scenario for the evolution of wet microburst producing thunderstorms is described.


We propose two new methods that allow the determination of the phase delays corresponding to phase aberration efficiently. We derive a new optimization methodology to compute the best compensation phase delays in successive steps. In particular, we start with an array consisting of one element with a specific excitation pattern. Then, another element is added and the dynamic receive delays are iteratively computed such that the obtained echoes are optimal in strength. A third element is added and the process is repeated. This process continues until all elements in the aperture are added. Hence, instead of solving the conventional N-dimensional problem of adjusting the delays of N elements together to achieve optimal characteristics, we transform the problem into the one of solving N-1 consecutive one-dimensional optimization problems. Given the fact that the set of available delay values is finite, the one-dimensional problem is shown to be a classical combinatorial optimization problem. The other technique based on Fourier transform tries to align signals based on information from a single frequency selected as the center frequency of the probe. This method is simple, computationally efficient and lends itself to real-time implementation. The proposed methods were implemented to correct real data from a resolution phantom and the results particularly indicate the potential of the second method.


The Philippines has been known as one of the English-speaking countries in Asia. With such advantage, many Filipinos have a lot of opportunities here and abroad. However, there's a growing concern on the English proficiency of the students and graduates alike. This study used a questionnaire in collecting data. It applied Pearson r in the analysis of the data. It also used IELTS speaking, listening, writing and reading assessment materials. The data source of this study were the students enrolled in English 113, second semester, school year 2007-2008. Five sections of English 113 students were selected at random. Exposure to the English language has something to do with language skills. The students have very slight chance to hear or speak English in places other than school. But even at school, not in an English class, they communicate with each other in Filipino, with some mixed English words or what is called Taglish. Even in an English class some of the students are too shy to show off or express themselves in English. Others restrict themselves from speaking English in asking for something or communicating with anyone else in the class. Though the students have difficulties in writing, speaking and reading due to the lack of interest in doing so, and less exposure to the same, such difficulties are not as alarming as in listening. Others do better in speaking than in writing, while others do the other way around. If they do well in one particular skill, there's no guarantee that they are far better in other skills. This study found out that students need more honing in listening. However, since mastery of the English language comes in package, other skills cannot be disregarded. Thus, the materials to be produced for an English class must be designed to cover all skills in one session.


The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a multi-criteria ev aluation concept that highlights the importance of performance measurement criteria. Although there is an abundance of literature on the BSC framework, there is not much literature on how the framework s hould be implemented with interdependent relationships and linguistic preferences. To deal w ith these issues, this study proposes an original approach: the fuzzy network balanced scorecard (FNB SC) method that uses an analytic network process (ANP) to analyze a network's BSC aspects an d criteria to evaluate the uncertainty. Four interdependent aspects and forty-four criteria were evaluated for an international airline firm in Tai wan. The empirical result showed that the financial aspe ct is the most influencing aspect and the three performance measures are the cost of sales, profita bility, and company growth versus industry growth. The managerial implications and concluding remarks are also included.


In order to develop the laws of bourgeois economy . . . it is not necessary to write the real history of the relations of production. But the correct observation and deduction of these laws . . . always leads to primary equations . . . which point toward a past lying behind the system. These indications . . . then offer the key to understanding the past—a work in its own right.—Karl Marx, Grundrisse


In article the concept of "Internet banking" is considered. The main reasons for refusal of potential users from this service are presented. Tendencies and ways of further development of Internet banking in Russia are defined.


We show that failure of local realism can be demonstrated even when both local states and measurements approach the classical limit. Namely, thermal states at high temperatures may be entangled so that Bell's inequality is significantly violated by inefficient homodyne measurements, when appropriate local unitary operations are applied. We also point out that the failure of local realism is observed even when an inequality forced by non-local realistic theories is satisfied. This suggests that locality alone may be violated while realism is tenable. Experimental demonstration of our examples, in a small scale, may be possible in the foreseeable future.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of peripheral sensory impairment (visual and auditory) on age-related differences in the decision-making process, as indexed by the P3b event-related potential (ERP).
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies using a variety of functional imaging techniques have reported age-related differences in neural activity while subjects carry out cognitive tasks. One of the most commonly observed finding in the ERP literature on cognitive aging is a reduction in posterior P3b amplitude, an index of cognitive decision-making/updating. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to the potential influence of age-associated changes in sensory acuity on these findings. Studies in the visual modality frequently report that their subjects had "normal or corrected- to-normal vision." However, in most cases, there is no indication that visual acuity was actually measured, and it is likely that the investigators relied on self-reported visual status, which is often inaccurate.
METHODS: ERP data from a visual oddball task were collected in well-matched young (n = 26) and old adults (n = 29) subjects. Visual acuity (with corrective lenses) was measured with a Snellen 10 feet wall chart. Auditory acuity was measured using an audiogram. Age-related differences in visual P3b were analyzed before and after controlling for visual and auditory deficits.
RESULTS: Results demonstrated that the robust age-related decline in P3b amplitude to visual targets disappeared after controlling for visual acuity, but was unaffected by accounting for auditory acuity. Path analysis confirmed that the relationship between age and diminished P3b to visual targets was mediated by visual acuity, suggesting that conveyance of suboptimal sensory data due to peripheral, rather than central, deficits may undermine subsequent neurocognitive processing.
CONCLUSION: We conclude that until the relationship between age-associated differences in visual acuity and neural activity during experimental tasks is clearly established, investigators should exercise caution attributing results to differences in cognitive processing. Disclosure: Dr. Porto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tusch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fox has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alperin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Holcomb has nothing to disclose. Dr. Daffner has nothing to disclose.


We present the first finding of skarn rocks in Cemorosewu area of East Jiwo Hill, Bayat, Central Java, Indonesia. The geological conditions of this area which related to the appearance of the skarn is also reported. The methods used in this research are DEM acquisition using drone to generate basemap for geological mapping and thin section petrographic analyses. The geological map shows that Cemorosewu area consists of metamorphic rocks (mica phyllite, graphite phyllite, with quartzite and marble lenses), sedimentary rocks (carbonate breccia and siltstone), and igneous rock (microdiorite). Based on the field observation and geological map, the regional metamorphic rocks are the oldest units in this area followed by sedimentary rocks and igneous rock which intruded both rocks. Skarn rocks were cropped out as a boulder along the Kluwihan creek with the maximum size of 8 m in length. The skarn consists of garnet, clinopyroxene, zoisite, actinolite, and minor quartz. Metasiltstone and skarn rock are suggested formed by contact metamorphism of microdiorite intrusion. The marble, which lenses within the phyllites, is suggested to be the protolith of the skarn formation in this area.


Starlike molecules with arms consisting of a tert-butyldimethylsilyloligothienylenedimethylsilyl unit, MeSi[SiMe2(T)nSiMe2(t-Bu)]3 (7−11; n = 2−6, T = thienylene) were prepared by the reactions of tris(chlorodimethylsilyl)methylsilane, which was chosen as a core, with the tert-butyldimethylsilyl-substituted lithiooligothienylenes used for construction of the arms. UV−visible absorption and fluorescence properties of 7−11 have been studied in a dioxane solution. The molecules 7−11 showed high fluorescence quantum yields with respect to the corresponding oligothiophenes. Compounds 7 and 8 revealed longer lifetimes than those of bi- and terthiophene. The results of X-ray crystallographic analysis of the bromo derivative 12 are described. The density functional theoretical calculations were also carried out to compare the geometrical structures and the excitation energies with the available experimental data.


Out of all the four basic skills, Speaking is regarded as the most active skill. To achieve good speaking skill, it takes tireless efforts along with a good amount of strong determination and a regular and religious practice as well. Unlike other three basic skills, it can be acquired in an informal setting. But the one learnt in an informal setting renders less effectiveness, whereas the one learnt in a formal setting has a long standing-effect. Speaking not only involves a mere utterance, but also tone, intonation, and stress patterns etc. Mastering these prosodic features is a tough task. It takes a considerably long time for a non-native speaker of English to speak like a native speaker. Notwithstanding being learnt in a formal situation, a host of segmental as well as supra-segmental features of the L1 retain in the target language. This is well known as a Mother Tongue Influence (MTI hereafter). MTI can be checked by regular and frequent practice. The paper will look into different issues involved with MTI which hinder develop good speaking skill. It will also give an insight how to develop Speaking skills through Task Based Language Teaching approach.