F aerodynamic stability, the center of gravity must be forward of the center of pressure Frequently, conical and other axisymmetric re-entry vehicles require highdensity ballast (e g , lead) located as far forward as possible to achieve stability Ballast preempts useful payload This note describes a transducer that serves two functions: it substitutes for ballast, and it provides useful information concerning the plasma sheath The transducer described herein is similar to one developed for measurement of electrical conductivityvelocity all in arc plasma jets and rocket exhausts l It is an extension of a transducer described by Shercliff and by Lehde and Lang 3 It consists of three circular coils with a common axis The two outer coils are driven at audio frequencies and are connected so that the magnetic fields are opposing Between the primary coils is a sensing coil The voltage that appears at the terminals of the sensing coil can be related to a U of the flowThe transducer will be located at the forward tip of the re-entry vehicle, if it is to serve as ballast In the stagnation region and just beyond the sonic line, the flow is changing rapidly The question is, how is the sensing coil voltage related to the flow properties? This note answers this question and briefly describes an experiment conducted in an arc plasmajet A re-entry vehicle with ablation cooling is considered The tip of the vehicle requires a thick layer of ablation material as shown in Fig 1 The coil arrangement is also shown in Fig 1 Calculations were made for the geometry illustrated The emf induced in the sensing coil is


POLYGALACTURONASE (PG) (Pectinase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1, 4-a-glycosidic linkage of anhydrogalacmrenic acid units in pectic acid. In fungi PG is always associated with pectinesterase (PE) 1,2 and the separation of these two enzymes has been effected recently by use of cation exchange resin 3 or by acid treatments followed by precipitation with ammonium sulphate between treatmentsJ Although qualitatively the occurrence of PG in plant materials is known, 1 its elaboration by phytopathological microorganisms as well as non-parasitic fungi has been studied more extensivelyY 1~ Reports are however not always in agreement regarding the optimum cultural conditions for PG secretion.


ABSTRACT For evidence about the extent and experience of old age in classical antiquity, one must rely excessively on literature and mythology, with their heavy bias towards the leisured classes and their lack of quantitative data. Nevertheless, there are bases for some plausible inferences: both life expectancy and for most people the standard of living were low, with a consequence of an early commencement of 'adult' employment and the absence of any notion (or possibility) of retirement; those hardy and lucky enough to survive of ten appear to have retained a vigorous creativity into very old age; emotional relations (e.g. between parents and children) were coloured by such factors as high infant mortality and the relative early death of parents and grandparents. The absence of really large cities, other than Rome and one or two others, and of rural isolation (the homestead farm, for example) reduced the dangers of the kind of loneliness associated with the modern bed-sitter, though problems of old age fell solely on the family (rather than the community). Medical literature showed a surprising lack of interest in mental illness associated with old age or even in medical problems other than the obvious ones of debility, and there is no way for us to penetrate the silence.


Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which possess various biological properties with a role in coronary vascular function. Therefore, the cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily J, polypeptide 2 ( CYP2J2 ) gene, which encodes CYP2J2, the predominant epoxygenase isoform involved in EET formation in the human heart, has been considered a candidate gene for coronary artery disease (CAD) (1). A frequent G-to-T polymorphism at position −50 leads to a 50% reduction in CYP2J2 promoter activity (2)(3). In a cohort of 544 patients, this polymorphism was independently associated with an increased risk of CAD (3).

We investigated whether the −50G>T polymorphism is associated with angiographic CAD, myocardial infarction (MI), or mortality in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) cohort, which included white patients hospitalized for coronary angiography between June 1997 and May 2001. The study was approved by the ethics review committee at the Landesarztekammer Rheinland-Pfalz (Mainz, Germany). …


This paper addresses the problem of formation control of groups of unicycle robots with possibly time-varying formation shapes. To solve the problem, we propose two simple distributed formation control algorithms based on the virtual structure approach. We prove exponential convergence of error variables to the origin and illustrate the behavior of a group of robots under the formation control algorithm in simulations and experiments.


Driving is an instinctive, almost automatic process in which the driver interacts with the vehicle by a process of motion interaction or "feel" in response to road conditions or his/her actions on the controls. The visual information which the driver receives is used to set overall objectives and not as part of the instantaneous process of control. That is to say, the driver will look ahead to see where he intends to go and maintain a precautionary awareness of his surroundings: but vehicle control is a different process. The driver will use visual information for planning: body sensations from the seat and the steering wheel are used for the actual driving task.


With ethanol as the solven and,hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) as the structure-directing agent,a new kind of mesoporous absorbent was synthesized via integration of a "One-step" procedure and "Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly". The adsorbent exhibited a pore diameter centered at 5.4 nm. The adsorbent was characterized by elemental analysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD) ,nitrogen adsorption desorption and FTIR spectroscopy. The adsorption of Cr3+、Pb2+ as model ions was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption abilities were obviously affected by pH(initial and final) ,oscillation time,temperature and initial concentration of metal ions. When temperature was 303K,pH was 5.0,oscillation time was 1 hour,oscillation frequency was 150 r·min-1 and the initial concentrations of Cr3+ and Pb2+ were lower than 0.4 mmol·L-1,the removal rates of Cr3+、Pb2+ were up to 85% and 90%,respectively. The adsorption isotherm mechanism followed the Langmuir model with R20.992.


Using less than the labelled dose of herbicides depends mostly on weed spectrum and growth stage of target weeds. The aim of the greenhouse experiment was to determine the efficacy of recommended (67.2 g a.i. ha) and reduced doses (44.8, 33.6, 22.4, 16.8 and 8.4 g a.i. ha) of topramezone combined with adjuvants (NIS and MSO) on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli [L.] P. Beauv.) at two different growth stages: BBCH 13 and BBCH 21–22. The results showed unsatisfactory efficacy of topramezone applied alone at the recommended dose on both growth stages (>50%). When applied with adjuvants (MSO or NIS) at BBCH 13, topramezone 100% visually damaged barnyardgrass and reduced biomass >90%, at each applied dose. In contrast, at BBCH 21–22 only topramezone double dose achieved 73% visual damage. Reduced topramezone doses applied with adjuvants gave insufficient barnyardgrass control at tillering stage (< 40%). Results indicate the possibility of reducing the topramezone dose to more than 87% by adding adjuvants (MSO or NIS) but only when applied at early growth stage of barnyardgrass (BBCH 13). At BBCH 21–22 satisfactory barnyardgrass control cannot be achieved by using topramezone either alone or with adjuvants. © 2019 Friends Science Publishers


Background Although eosinophils co‐express multiple integrin receptors, the contributions of integrins to eosinophil development have not been explored. We previously described extensive aggregation and cytological immaturity in eosinophils developing in bone‐marrow (BM) cultures exposed to dexamethasone. Here we examined the relationship of α4 integrins with these effects of dexamethasone.


The purpose of this study is to determine how much influence school leadership and teacher performance on student achievement grade 6. Teachers play an important role for the success of students, but  the quality and loyalty of teacher performance leadership school. Until influenced by two factors greatly affect the achievement especially student learning outcomes Examination Schools. This research was conducted by quantitative descriptive approach. The data collection is done by using (1) questionnaires and (2) the study of document. Data were analyzed by calculating statistics using SPSS (Statistical Program Smart Solution) Ver.22 For Windows. Foreign objects are the elementary students grade 6 in District Tuntang. The results showed there is not significant relationship between   the leadership principals on student achievement, but there is a significant relationship between teaching performance of teachers to student achievement. Leadership Principal and teaching performance of teachers together have a strong influence on student achievement grade 6 elementary School in District Tuntang Semarang.


The purpose o f this project was to study the effects of fines (minus #4 sieve) on permeability and stiffness characteristics o f unbound base materials and to propose an optimum gradation that will satisfy these two parameters. One type o f highway base material-crushed limestone-was used in the study. A total o f 75 laboratory tests were conducted and distributed—25 respectively on permeability, resilient modulus and unconfined compression. The permeability test data were collected using a low-head permeameter. The resilient modulus and unconfined compression test data were collected by the mean o f the MTS (Machine Testing System) with a load cell capacity of 22-kips. The major steps of the research are summarized as follows: A Conduct intensive laboratory testing on open and dense-graded materials with respect to their drainage (permeability) and stiffness (resilient modulus and unconfined compressive strength) characteristics. The determination of permeability is necessary if an evaluation of drainage capability of an existing or new base layer is needed. The determination o f the resilient modulus is necessary because it is an input data for pavement design using the AASHTO procedure. B. Perform permeability and resilient modulus tests to study the effect of introducing fines (percent passing #4) to open-graded base layers on permeability and resilient modulus. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. C. From the data collected from these tests on both drainage and strength characteristics, perform regression analysis to develop formulas that relate percent fines to permeability and to resilient modulus. D. Combine the tests results from permeability and resilient modulus to provide a range of percent fines gradation band that will satisfy the two parameters as pavement design inputs. E. Provide some tools and techniques used to prevent the base course from being contaminated by subgrade material and to check whether the proposed base course is able to drain water as quickly as possible. The project produced some formulas that predict the coefficient of permeability for pavement base materials, unconfined compression strength, and resilient modulus. The study also provided an optimum gradation, permeable enough to withstand heavy traffic. A highway engineer can use these equations to estimate the coefficients of permeability and resilient modulus of aggregate bases for preliminary design or for evaluation of an existing unbound pavement layer.


The southeast Asian genus "Puntius" has long been recognized as an artificial assemblage. Findings from a study by Pethiyagoda et al. identified Puntius, as currently recognized, as a polyphyletic group and consisting of five major lineages. Their study included only partial sequences of Cyt b and 16S and some morphological characters in a phylogenetic analysis that lead to the resurrection of genera and descriptions of new genera for species formerly in "Puntius". Given their use of partial sequences and few taxa from this diverse group, together with the taxonomic complexities across this group of fishes, the present investigation is an initial phase in the broad-scale analysis of the systematics of this complex. This diverse group offers excellent opportunities to examine the potential impacts of taxon and character sampling on the resolution, stability, and support for their phylogenetic relationships. In the present study, partial sequence data from the study referred to above was reanalyzed; this data set was then augmented with complete and/or partial sequences of an additional 22 species to compare with the previous findings. Results of the previous study were compared with analyses of complete and/or partial sequences and additional taxa. Pairwise topology tests were performed to examine congruence of topologies based on different sized data sets (taxa, characters). The results showed that interspecific relationships in the earlier study remained stable when the same length of data but additional taxa were added or the expanded data set was used. However, some relationships among clades were poorly resolved when using only partial Cyt b and 16s genes (i.e. relations of Pethia, Dawkinsia and Haludaria (=Dravidia)). Our results demonstrate that longer or more complete gene sequences, and increased taxon sampling, results in relationships that are more strongly supported and stable relative to those with fewer taxa and partial or short gene sequences.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global public health problem and affects a large proportion of the adult population worldwide. Early detection, adequate risk stratification and specific treatment can prevent or delay the adverse effects of CKD.

 To assess cardiovascular risk and total mortality of subjects with CKD using cystatin C based and Crea-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations (CKDEpi) in the general population, in diseased cohorts, and in specific subgroups.

 The present study has been conducted within the BiomarCaRE project, with harmonized data from 21 population-based cohorts from 6 European countries and 3 cardiovascular disease (CVD) cohorts from Germany. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratios (HRs) for the various CKD definitions with adverse outcomes and mortality after adjustment for age, sex, cohort, smoking status, body mass index, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, and total cholesterol.

 21 population-based cohorts (n=76,954, median age 51 years, 52.2% men, 4.4% diabetic) and 3 diseased cohorts (n=4,982, median age 63 years, 75.6% men, 18.7% diabetic) with an average follow-up between 2.8 and 23.5 years and between 0.5 and 9.4 years, respectively, were included in the analysis. Prevalence of CKD-stage 3–5 by CKD-EPIcrea and CKD-EPIcys eGFR respectively, was 3.4% and 7.3% in the population-based cohorts and 13.9% and 14.4% in the diseased cohorts. In the population-based cohorts the incidence (per 1000 person years) of a non-fatal or fatal CVD event and total mortality respectively, was 10.0 and 11.8, whereas it was 21.2 and 17.8 in the diseased cohorts. In the population-based cohorts the HR for a CVD-event was 1.32 (95% CI 1.21–1.44) for the population with CKD-EPIcrea stage 3–5 and it was 1.47 (95% CI 1.35–1.60) based on CKD-EPIcys after adjustment for covariates. The HR for total mortality for those with CKD-EPIcrea stage 3–5 was 1.31 (1.21–1.41) and for CKD-EPIcys it was 1.86 (95% CI 1.73–2.00). Discrepancies between CKD-EPIcrea and CKD-EPIcys were even more striking across subgroups with and without diabetes or across specific age groups.

 CKD is an important risk factor for subsequent CVD events and total mortality. However, point estimates of CKD-EPIcrea and CKD-EPIcys eGFR differ considerably between specific risk groups. Therefore, the clinical utility of both equations in different risk groups has to be considered and should be evaluated further.

 7th framework programme collaborative project, grant agreement no. HEALTH-F2-2011-278913


In this study, a marine fog episode at King George Island off the Antarctic Peninsula from 26–30 January 2017 was investigated using surface observations, upper-air soundings, and re-analysis data as well as the air mass backward trajectory method. The marine fog episode resulted from an approaching low-pressure system, was maintained at high wind speeds, and quickly dissipated when the low-pressure system passed the observation site. During this episode, cloud lay existed above the fog and stratus, the atmosphere was stably stratified for 1600 m, and the air close to the surface was more mixed than air in the upper layer. The air-sea temperature difference (ASTD) of 1–2 °C and a strong surface wind parallel to the gradient of SST were two important factors in the formation and maintenance of the marine fog near the Antarctic region. The convergence of flux for both water vapor and heat during the fog episode was also discussed.


Mature precious broadleaved trees as wild cherry (Prunus avium) have always been coveted because of theirs valuable wood. Quantifying and locating their presence in a forest is nevertheless challenging, as these species are usually clustered in small group through deciduous forest. The goal of this study is to develop new allometric equation for estimating and locating wild cherry resources from small UAS imagery.


Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of flow -distance on the empirical correlation between biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of wastewaters from acluster of industries. Study Design: Wastewater samples were collected at point -sources and at 25, 50, 75 and 100m distances from the point-sources. Place and Duration of Study:Nasco Household Products Ltd. Laboratory, Jos, Nigeria . Sampling was done twice a week for a full seasonal cycle at peak production period (morning and evening). Methodology: The samples pH were adjusted to 7 using 0.5M acid for basic samples and 1M alkali for acidic samples, de


Writing in English is a difficult literacy to acquire in both first and second language contexts. Students must write reasonably well in English to succeed in university education. Yet, their lack of writing competence has been a perennial pain, and is affecting their academic and career advancement. This problem has motivated the quest for a more effective pedagogy for academic writing instruction. An alternative may lie with the Writing Centre approach, an established practice in North American universities, but not in Malaysia. This paper draws from a larger study on the applicability of the approach as writing pedagogy, learner support and an immersive environment. Due to space constraints, only the first application is discussed in this paper.


IMPLICATIONS
We report our experience with ketorolac/lidocaine IV regional anesthesia (Bier block) (IVRA) in two adolescents with complex regional pain syndrome 1. IVRA resulted in complete resolution of symptoms.


A dynamic instruction trace often contains many unnecessary instructions that are required only by the unexecuted portion of the program. Hot-cold optimization (HCO) is a technique that realizes this performance opportunity. HCO uses profile information to partition each routine into frequently executed (hot) and infrequently executed (cold) parts. Unnecessary operations in the hot portion are removed and compensation code is added on transitions from hot to cold as needed. We evaluate HCO on a collection of large Windows/NT applications. HCO is most effective on the programs that are call intensive and have flat profiles, providing a 3-8% reduction in path length beyond conventional optimization.


This paper studies a new amplify-and-forward cooperative overlay cognitive radio (CR) non-orthogonal multiple access (AFCO-NOMA) system, where a primary network shares its license spectrum with a secondary network by using NOMA principles. An approximate closed-form expression for the outage probability of the proposed system is analyzed. Asymptotic expressions for the outage probability in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime of both secondary and primary destinations are derived assuming channel estimation error (CEE) and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). Further, the optimal power allocation coefficients to maximize the system throughput for different target rates are determined to ensure priority to the primary user. The diversity order at the primary and secondary destinations are also derived. Moreover, the AFCO-NOMA system is compared with the OMA-based cooperative overlay system in terms of outage probability. The paper also studies the impact of various parameters such as power allocation coefficients, CEE, and detection threshold, on the outage performance of the proposed system. Monte Carlo simulations are used to confirm the correctness of the derived analytical results.


Seeds from greenhouse-grown plants of five food millet crops—[barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea Link.), finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.), kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.), little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.), and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)] contained 10.4, 5.5, 7.2, 1.3, and 17.1 percent protein; 69, 29, 239, 105, and 32 Fe (mg/100 g); and 33, 22, 23, 31, and 37 (mg/100 g) Zn, respectively. Concentrations (g/100 g) of oil in seeds varied from 1.32 for finger millet to 3.58 for little millet. The oil concentrations for barnyard, kodo, and proso millets were 1.59, 1.64, and 3.36 g/100 g, respectively. Predominant fatty acid in the oil in the seed of these millets was C18:2 followed by C18:1, and C16:0. Concentration of omega-3 fatty acid (a heart-healthy oil) was 1.06, 0.62, 1.01, 0.91, and 3.11 g/100 g in barnyard, kodo, little, proso, and finger millet, respectively. Oils from seeds of these millet crops were essentially free from concentration of anti-nutritive fatty acid C22:1 (Erucic acid). Concentrations (g/100 g) of total sugars varied from 0.96 for barnyard millet to 2.09 for finger millet. The total sugar concentrations for kodo, little, and proso millets were 1.81, 1.95, and 1.99 g/100 g, respectively. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, raffinose, and stachyose concentrations varied from 0.05 to 0.47, 0.44 to 0.85, 0.44 to 0.98, 0.02 to 0.33, 0.005 to 0.083, and 0.002 to 0.053, respectively for barnyard, kodo, little, proso, and finger millet, respectively. Results indicated that these millet crops have potential as sources of healthy food and it might be worthwhile to further study their production potential.


since the beginning ofthepresent century. With the advent ofthe development-oriented Torrijos government in 1968, they were confronted with an unprecedented need to deal with planned national development, including a copper mine, an oil pipeline, and proposed hydroelectric dams within or near their territory. Existing patterns of economic adaptation to a cash economy continued while new political strategies emerged. This paper describes and discusses the economic and political adaptations of the Guaymi to recent development and suggests an apparent contradiction between individual economic, and collective political, strategies results from a desire to maintain traditional life patterns.


Blast furnace (BF) system plays an indispensable role in the iron making process of iron and steel industry. It has been a crucial issue to maintain the stable and smooth operation state of BF. Real-time BF monitoring is the prerequisite of BF control, as the basis of prompt adjustments of operation parameters. Apart from the abnormal states, most of the time, BF is in the stable and normal state. During the stable state, BF is operated and running in different status, which are regarded as the sub-modes of the stable operation state. This paper proposes a novel idea for real-time BF monitoring, based on the temporal BF sub-mode recognition. The BF sub-modes are precalculated based on BF working state clustering adopting mean shift clustering algorithm (MSCA). The temporal BF sub-mode is sequentially recognized according to the real-time BF working state, adopting the minimum Euclidean distance algorithm (MEDA). The real-time BF stable state monitoring is implemented based on the obtained temporal BF sub-mode recognition results. The proposed method is carried out on two practical BFs located in the south of China. The silicon content in molten iron (which is used as the BF state indicator) estimation results obtained adopting the proposed method, are with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 15.89% and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0854, compared with the measurement results.


BiVO4-based composites are of great interest as photocatalysts for water oxidation, CO2 reduction, and organic pollutant degradation, but their low charge separation efficiency and poor photocataly...


In this paper,Boolean operations on a kind of highly complicated 2D polygons having a large amount of data is concerned.Each polygon is composed of line segments and arc segments,which has a great number of vertices and is of a complicated geometric shape.This algorithm of Boolean operations is introduced specially for these 2D polygons.By area partitioning,the algorithm calculates the intersection points of two polygons.Then it determines the crossing condition at the position of each intersection point,and traces the edges of polygons to form a closed cycle according to the requirement of union,intersection or subtract operation.The results are also 2D polygons.The algorithm is designed from the aspect of practicality,avoiding the complex mathematic reasoning.It can be coded conveniently and improves the efficiency of Boolean operations greatly in practice.


In Reply We thank Shinojima and colleagues for their interest in our study 1 on exercise and swimming goggles in a model of spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Spaceflight provokes increases in both intracranial pressure (ICP) and intraocular pressure (IOP). 2 However, there is a greater increase in ICP relative to IOP, which results in an IOP-ICP mismatch and an anteriorly directed translaminar pressure gradient across the lamina cribrosa (LC). 2 A negative translaminar pressure gradient is associated with adverse ocular changes 2 ; accordingly, countermeasures that normalize this are of major importance in protecting the health of astronauts. To date, most SANS countermeasures have focused on reversing the spaceflight-associated fluid shifts to lower ICP, with tools such as a lower-body negative-pressure device. 2 Our findings 1 indicated that slightly increasing IOP with an inexpensive and convenient countermeasure, such as swimming goggles, could also normalize the translaminar pressure gradient. In addition, goggles may be a relatively safe intervention; the increase in IOP with goggles is small (approximately 3 mm Hg), 1 and goggles are worn by competitive swimmers for hours daily without an increased prevalence of glaucoma. 3 Nevertheless, as with any novel intervention, we agree that caution is warranted during evaluation of goggles as a potential SANS countermeasure. Phase I trials are first required to determine the feasibility, safety, and appropriate dose (ie, duration and intensity) of artificially increasing IOP in SANS models prior to confirmatory phase II trials and testing in spaceflight. The lamina cribrosa and its constituent elements are sensitive to alterations in both IOP and ICP, and the lamina cribrosa is thought to be the main site


The EU has responded to the problems of "mad cow" and gradually established and improved the food safety management system since 1997,but food safety is still one of the most concerned issues in the world,especially foodborne pathogens cause perennial serious harm to human life and health and economic orders.Various nations aim to find a variety of techniques to solve the problems of foodborne illness,but microbial source of infection is difficult to monitor and control,and in many cases late pathogens tracking is needed for the incidence of people,the tracking can sum up experiences to avoid similar problems from happening again.Pathogenic bacteria tracking technologies are to type bacteria,including phenotyping and molecular typing.Common types of phenotyping are serotyping,phage typing,and drug resistance analysis,and categories of molecular typing include PFGE,the 16S rRNA gene sequence typing,RFLP,sequencing methods based MLST and etc.


Some basic aspects of the friction-creep phenomena in the rolling of a steel wheel on a rail are studied with a qualitative analysis of stress, strain, adhesion and creep in the contact zone and the stresses on the remaining surface of the rail and the wheel. Some pertinent literature on the subject is briefly discussed. A friction-creep test facility was modified and improved to give more accurate friction-creep data. The electrical control and drive system was changed to give accurate speed of rotation and to dynamically brake the two wheels separately. Friction-creep data was taken with braking of both the small and the large wheels. The data obtained with small wheel braking showed higher coefficients of friction than that of the large wheel braking. Some preliminary reasons for the difference are qualitatively discussed. A preliminary study of the nature and progress of wear during rolling was done with two microscopes, installed for each wheel. With the help of a microswitch and flash gun, some qualitative observations were made on one spot on the wheel. Attempts are being made to study the nature and rate of wear quantitatively.


A radioreceptor assay (RRA) for human growth hormone (hGH) was set up using the microsomal fraction of female rat liver membranes. Sites which bind specifically hGH are present in these membranes; hGH but also prolactin (PRL) inhibits [251I]-hGH binding with an apparent affinity of 2 × 10−10M and 3 × 10−10M respectively. The assay is performed at 23°C in 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4, for 20 h. 250 μl of plasma are added in a total volume of 1.5 ml. Under these conditions, 180 μg of membrane proteins bind 13.8% of the total radioactivity. Assay sensitivity is 2.5 ng hGH per plasma ml. Values for hGH as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and RRA in eight normal children, in basal conditions and during an arginine and an insulin stimulation test, are as follows (mean values, in ng/ml ± SEM):There are no significant differences between RIA and RRA hGH values both in basal state and under stimulation. For some specimens high values measured in RRA could be due to high plasma PRL.In conclusion, a sensitive RRA for plasma hGH is presented. Cross-reactivity with PRL can induce false interpretation of hGH values.


The functional equivalence has always been the integral part of virtually every logic synthesis tool. The formal equivalence checking represents a key process that helps logic synthesis tool guarantee that two representations of a circuit designexhibitexactlythesamebehavior.Amongothers,equivalence checking is routinely applied to prove that a synthesized digital circuit is logically equivalent to the RTL source code. Although formal equivalence checking has matured greatly during the last two decades and designs with millions of gates can be handled and verified in reasonable time, a new challenge has emerged with the recent advent of approaches addressing the problem of synthesis of approximate circuits.


A two-dimension model was established based on the experimental results of the laminar plasma remelting processing on the stainless steel.The main purpose is to determine the proper processing conditions of material surface heat treatment through the finite element simulation.The related results include the determination of the variations of the temperature,the temperature gradients and the cooling rates of the pool substances with time.A criterion based on the concept of the equivalent temperature area density (ETAD) is established to predict the proper processing conditions for the situation of the stainless steel remelting.Theoretically,the method can be used to determine the optimum processing condition of heat treatments and equally generalized to the cladding treatment situations of both the plasma processing and the laser technology.The simulating results show that the appropriate heating distances should be in the region of 9~13 mm for the laminar plasma processing,which is in agreement with the experimental observation.


. Fully self-representing architecture, which supports parallel evolution of meta-models and models when the system running, was proposed by integrating runtime meta-modeling and run-time modeling approaches in current research. Secondly, we focused on the study of the unified structure method, which was put forward to represent in-memory objects at different levels of abstraction and can significantly simplify caching mechanism. After that, a 3-level caching system based on web application was proposed in current research as well. In the end, the availability of the proposed approach was verified from aspects of performance analysis and practical application.


Yasser Asmai, Abdelghafour Elkoundi, Aziza Bentalha, Ismail Bouzekraoui, Ahlam Mosadik, Salma Esherif El Kettani And Alae El Koraichi. Pediatric ICU, Children Hospital, Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 06 June 2019 Final Accepted: 08 July 2019 Published: August 2019 Background and Objectives: Liver hydatid cyst surgery is considered an extremely painful procedure. Managing pain in this surgery is challenging with several options available, each with limitations. Erector spinae plane block is a novel technique with promising results that have been reported in different types of surgery. Case Report: We are reporting here the continuous ESP block as a primary mode of postoperative analgesia in a 9-year-old-female scheduled for a liver hydatid cyst surgery. After general anesthesia induction, a continuous erector spinae plane block at T6 level was performed with bupivacaine 0.25%. The intraoperative opioid and anesthetic requirement was very less with a good hemodynamic stability as well as long-lasting postoperative analgesia. Conclusion: The ESP block is an effective option for liver hydatid cyst surgery. The opioidand anesthetic-sparing effects exhibited in this case facilitated rapid postoperative recovery.


The invention 1,4-dihydropyridin-pyran and 1,4-dihydro derivatives thereof; And ultraviolet rays, in particular, for novel makeup containing a human skin and / or novel and / or known 1,4-dihydropyridine or 1,4-dihydro-pyran derivatives useful for optical protect hair from sunlight or dermatological sunscreen composition; And especially it relates to the use of the 1,4-dihydropyridine and / or 1,4-dihydro-pyran derivatives as UV-A blocking agent in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions.


Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of curcumin and resveratrol antioxidant enzymes in β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced in vitro Alzheimer's Disease (AD) cell model. Methods: In the study three groups were created; The control group consisted of U87 cell lines, the Aβ group in which the in vitro AH model was formed including the β-amyloid-induced U-87 cell lines, and the Aβ+ Curcumin+ Resveratrol group by adding curcumin and resveratrol to the Aβ group. Cell viability in groups was evaluated with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Total Antioxidant Level (TAS), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Total Oxidant Level (TOS) and Catalase (CAT) enzyme levels, results were analyzed to evaluate the antioxidant status.
Results: When cell viability was evaluated, it was determined that curcumin and resveratrol did not have cytotoxic effects. TAS levels were found to be statistically higher in the Aβ+ curcumin and resveratrol group compared to the Aβ group (p


The subject of this research is the examination of relevant problems of taxation and administering the oil sector companies in the conditions of changes in oil prices. Special attention is given to the analysis of results of the conducted policy within the framework of tax maneuver with regards to hydrocarbons extraction activity. The goal consists in the analysis of the impact of changes in taxation legislation related to increase in the rates of excise duty for the refined petroleum and introduction of damping mechanism for oil refining companies, as well as improvement of taxation and administering of oil extraction companies. The conclusion is made that the implementation of damping mechanism allows to efficiently and seamlessly regulate the oil products prices even in the conditions of rapid drop in oil prices. In the conditions of drop in oil prices on the international markets, the Russian oil refining plants would reorient significant volume of exports toward domestic market. The taxation reform in oil sector would lead to increase in the refining throughput and output of high quality oil products. The author underlines the need of reducing the tax-exempt minimum in calculation of coefficient that characterized the dynamics of global oil prices, which leads to the increase of tax rates on oil.


The Sunshine State's doctors and trial attorneys are at it again. We took a look at their brawl and other simmering controversies.


We use graphene bubbles to study the Raman spectrum of graphene under biaxial (e.g., isotropic) strain. Our Gruneisen parameters are in excellent agreement with the theoretical values. Discrepancy in the previously reported values is attributed to the interaction of graphene with the substrate. Bilayer balloons (intentionally pressurized membranes) have been used to avoid the effect of the substrate and to study the dependence of strain on the interlayer interactions.


The role of paremias in people's lives is invaluable. They raise the consciousness of people of all ages, encourage them to be honest, truthful, hardworking, courageous, steadfast and stead fast at all times. They promote the best human qualities of people. The history of nations, peoples and ethnic groups living in this world is different. This article is aimed at disclosing the problems of the origin of paremias in different languages based on the life experience of people and their perception by other cultures


Study Design. Seven patients with severe angular kyphotic deformity of the spine were treated by circumferential spinal wedge osteotomy using a single posterior approach. Objective. To evaluate the surgical outcomes for seven patients with severe angular kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis treated by spinal wedge osteotomy. Summary of Background Data. Excellent surgical outcomes have been reported for procedures such as hemivertebra excision, vertebral body resection, and spinal osteotomy for angular kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis. However, the safety and efficacy of these procedures for severe and rigid deformities have not been established. Methods. The surgical procedure involves circumferential exposure of the apex vertebra to the anterior aspect using a single posterior approach. Sparing only the spinal cord, the surgeon performs circumferential wedge bone resection, closure, correction, and stabilization by instrumentation while monitoring the spinal cord. Seven patients (3 kyphotics and 4 kyphoscoliotics) treated by this procedure were evaluated for a minimum of 2 years. Underlying conditions comprised five cases of congenital deformity with hemivertebrae and two cases of skeletal dysplasias. The mean age at surgery was 16.5 years, and the mean follow-up period was 6.9 years. Results. Before surgery, the mean kyphotic curve was 105.4° (range, 68–150°), and the mean scoliotic curve was 85.3° (range, 60–132°). After surgery, the curves averaged 48.9° and 40°, respectively, yielding corrections of 52.9% and 54.9%. The mean posterior trunk shift in global sagittal balance was 21 mm before surgery, becoming 3 mm after surgery. Progressive spinal cord dysfunction had developed in three patients before surgery. In all three, postoperative neurologic improvement was observed. Postoperative complications consisted of transient, unilateral leg paresis in two patients. No incidents of infection or pseudarthrosis were observed. Conclusions. Spinal wedge osteotomy by the single posterior approach is a reliable and safe surgical technique for correcting severe rigid angular kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis.


Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) is a human-specific serum protein bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. This protein allows human resistance to infection by African trypanosomes except for two subspecies, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense, the causative agents of sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis. This disease infects 20 000 people in sub-Saharan Africa and without treatment, infection is almost always fatal. T. b. rhodesiense resists APOL1 through direct protein neutralization by the Serum Resistance-Associated (SRA) protein. T. b. gambiense does not express SRA, and its mechanism of resistance to APOL1 is orchestrated upon a recently characterized multifactorial defense mechanism.The mechanism by which the human serum sensitive parasites are killed following APOL1 uptake is described as the result of the lysosomal swelling induced by the generation of ionic pores within the lysosomal membrane.We show here that preventing the osmotic lysosomal swelling in a hyperosmotic culture condition does not prevent the cell death. In addition, APOL1 appears to trigger some programmed cell death events in the cell such as a fast mitochondrial depolarization followed by a DNA laddering and fragmentation. Furthermore, we show an implication of the endonuclease G (TbEndoG), known to be a key actor in the regulation of cell death process and a kinesin (TbKIFC1), which might be the transporter of APOL1 for the endosomes to the mitochondrion. In addition, by producing different recombinant human APOL proteins in E. coli and test their activity on T. brucei, we were able to show that APOL3, an other member of the APOL family, also possesses a trypanolytic activity like APOL1 beneath the fact it is not a secreted protein. APOL3 does not only kill T. b. brucei but is also able to lyse APOL1-resistant subspecies such as rhodesiense and gambiense, in vitro and confirmed in vivo when the recombinant APOL3 were injected in infected mice. A beginning of an action mechanism is described herein showing a pH-independent activity for this protein oppositely to APOL1, conferring its specificity.It is thus conceivable to use this recombinant protein as a first step of a potent curative agent against gambiense or rhodesiense since the few currently available drugs for treatment of African trypanosomiasis, that are outdated, show problems with toxicity and resistance. / L' Apolipoproteine L1 (APOL1) est une proteine serique humaine associee aux lipoproteines de haute densite (HDL). Cette proteine confere la resistance a l'infection des trypanosomes africains a l'exception des deux sous-especes, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense et T. b. gambiense, les agents responsables de la maladie du sommeil ou trypanosomiase africaine. Cette maladie infecte 20 000 personnes en Afrique sub-saharienne et en l'absence de traitement, l'infection est presque toujours mortelle. T. b. rhodesiense resiste a l'APOL1 grâce a une neutralisation directe d'APOL1 par une proteine appele SRA (Serum Resistant-Associated). T. b. gambiense n'exprime pas SRA, et sa resistance a l'APOL1 est orchestree par un mecanisme de defense multifactorielle recemment caracterise 1.Le mecanisme par lequel les parasites sensibles au serum humain sont tues suivant l'entree de l'APOL1 est decrit comme le resultat d'un gonflement du lysosome induit par la generation de pores ioniques a l'interieur de la membrane lysosomiale2. Nous montrons ici que le gonflement osmotique du lysosome peut etre empeche en condition de culture hyper osmotique, sans neanmoins empecher la mort de la cellule. En outre, l'APOL1 semble declencher des evenements de mort cellulaire programmee dans la cellule, tels qu'une depolarisation mitochondriale rapide suivie d'une fragmentation de l'ADN. De plus, nous montrons une implication de l'endonuclease G (TbEndoG), connu pour etre un acteur cle dans la regulation du processus de mort cellulaire et d'une kinesine (TbKIFC1) qui pourrait avoir le role de transporter l'APOL1 des endosomes vers la mitochondrie.Nous avons egalement pu montrer que l'APOL3, un autre membre de la famille des APOLs humaines, possede tout comme l'APOL1, une activite trypanolytique bien que cette proteine ne soit pas secretee en condition physiologique. De maniere interessante, l'APOL3 ne tue pas seulement T. b. brucei, mais est egalement capable de tuer les sous-especes resistantes a l'APOL1 tels que rhodesiense et gambiense, in vitro et in vivo lorsque de l'APOL3 recombinante est injectee dans des souris infectees. La specificite d'action de l'APOL3 pourrait etre liee a une independance au pH, au contraire de l'APOL1. Il pourrait etre envisage d'utiliser cette proteine recombinante comme agent curatif contre gambiense ou rhodesiense du fait que les medicaments actuellement disponibles pour le traitement de la trypanosomiase africaine montrent des problemes de toxicite et de resistance.


An overhead crane system is a complex time-varying system if it includes simultaneous hoisting and moving operations. To address the problem that time-varying systems usually have no exact analytical solution, an anti-swing method based on linear approximation of the phase plane trajectory is proposed. Specifically, the phase plane trajectory of the swing angle is first analyzed and it is found that the double-step acceleration method with unequal acceleration amplitude and acceleration time has a combination of limit loops in the phase plane trajectory of the swing angle when the rope length varies, so the average rope length of each section is used to approximate the natural oscillation frequency. Next, the input shaping technique is used to shape the input signal into the desired output signal so that the load swing angle can follow the planned trajectory. The desired acceleration amplitude and switching time are then derived based on the geometric relationship between the swing angle in the phase plane and the specific physical constraints. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations.


Based on the dividend policy and theory, this article takes the events that A stock of all the listed banking companies (16 in total) issued dividend in the CSI stock market for 5 years from 2008 to 2012 as the investigation samples to inspect the relevance of dividend policy with the fluctuation of stock price and transaction volume, thus to prove the dividend policy is an efficient mechanism for information transmission.


A key aspect of Intelligent Manufacturing is the interface between the Edge and Fog layers on one side and the Cloud on the other side. Once that some data extraction and cleaning has been performed in the (logical and/or physical) nearby of the production line, it is necessary to move to the Cloud where distributed data and parallel computations make it possible to train and use Machine Learning models. For a wide range of applications, it is also necessary to restructure and reconfigure the computation network over the time, reacting to relevant events at real-time. This can be achieved (i) by making the network and all of its components fully configurable through API calls, (ii) by using containerization technologies, and (iii) by relying on graphical user interfaces for development, data visualization, monitoring, and interaction. In this work, an architecture for a computation network is presented that (i) spreads across the Edge, Fog and Cloud layers, (ii) is fully configurable through API calls, and (iii) is based on Docker, Node-RED, MQTT, Scala, Spark, and Cloud storage technologies such as Hadoop. Two proofs of concept are presented: a clustering-based alerter, and a demo environment plus a Postman collection including over 600 API calls to demonstrate how the proposed architecture enables Big Data stream transformations and analytics as a Service.


Classical waterflooding methods which rely on water displacing oil are not plausible in unconventional shale reservoirs because of the low permeability of such reservoirs because the pressure gradients required to push the water through the reservoir matrix rock is impractical. However, when the shale reservoir is stimulated via multistage hydraulic fracturing a large number of microfractures form which provides a preferred pathway when subsequently water is injected into the reservoir. If this water has low salinity compared to the salinity of the resident brine in the matrix pores, an osmotic pressure gradient establishes between microfractures and the matrix pores that would cause water to enter the matrix pores and pushing oil out. In oil-wet shale reservoirs, this osmotic pressure allows brine imbibition into the matrix that promotes counter-current flow of oil into the fractures. In our research, this phenomenon was studied via carefully designed osmotic imbibition experiments that used low- salinity brines. Furthermore, adding a simple surfactant, or a wettability altering chemical, not only could enhance imbibition of water into the matrix, it can also create a low-IFT environment that would break the oil droplets into smaller ones to facilitate oil movement out of the micro and macro fractures to enhance oil recovery from the matrix. To scale laboratory results and observations to the field conditions, a multi-component mass transport model that includes advective and diffusive transport of water molecules was developed and used to match experimental results. We will present the core imbibition and numerical modeling results that indicate that low salinity brine plus a dilute surfactant enhances oil production.
 This paper pertains to a research effort conducted to assess the potential of a new EOR method, which involves the use of a mixture of low-salinity brine and low-concentrations of a surfactant or wettability altering chemical. In what follows, we will present the core flooding and numerical modeling results pertaining to the research objective. The results are intended to be used as the basis for designing economic EOR field applications in unconventional shale reservoirs.


[(18)F]fallypride was synthesized in a batch microfluidic chip with a radiochemical yield of 65 ± 6% (n = 7) and an average specific activity of 730 GBq μmol(-1) (20 Ci μmol(-1)) (n = 4). Specific activity was ~2-fold higher than [(18)F]fallypride synthesized in a macroscale radiosynthesizer, despite starting with significantly less radioactivity, and thus safer conditions, in the microchip.


China's anti-drug crusade in the 1950s successfully eliminated the centuries-long epidemic of opium abuse. This paper, using newly available materials, reconstructs a brief history of the campaign and answers the question that why the crusade was kept invisible to the outside world until the mid 1990s. By focusing on the ways the crusade was carried out in the historical contexts of the early People's Republic, it demonstrates that the crusade was a presentation of the Communists' desire for a "new China" identity and was an integral part of the state-building process. The second part of this paper challenges the common assumption that China succeeded in eradicating its drug problem in the early 1950s, and examines how and why prolonged drug suppression campaigns were conducted differently in the Yi and Tibetan areas in the mid to late 1950s. The paper argues that the application of different policies was consistent with the CCP's state-building efforts at that time.


The gene polymorphism is one of the key factors that induce high altitude illnesses,some people are more of susceptibility to it.More understanding about the related susceptibility genes may facilitate its prevention and treatment.


We have newly developed non photosensitive and photosensitive polyimide having excellent electrical/mechanical properties. At first we have re-designed the polymer backbone in order to obtain low Dk and Df performance. As a result, our new non photosensitive PI achieved 2.9 of Dk at 20 GHz and 0.003 of Df at 20 GHz. In the next step, we selected the photo package of new PI carefully to maintain both low Dk/Df and high resolution. After that, we modified the photo initiator content, crosslinker content, and so on to have both high lithographic performance and high electrical performance. As a result, new photosentive PI cured at 320 °C showed 3.0 of Dk at 20 GHz and 0.006 of Df at 20 GHz. In addition, this material cured at 200 °C also showed 3.0 of Dk at 20 GHz and 0.009 of Df at 20 GHz. We also confirmed high mechanical properties of new PI. Elongation of this PI cured at >250 °C was approximately 70 %. From lithographic aspects, new PI achieved 15 μm L/S opening with 10 μm thickness.


The present investigation was carried out to see relation between longevity of the overwintering house mosquito, Culexpipiens' pallens, and their wing length. The long-lived mosquito survived about 60 days after capture when fed with no diet except water and .survivorship curve of all the mosquitoes proved to fit well to an equation, R=100-99.63xO.O15170'S9S2", where R is survival rate (?b') on the t'th day after capture. This overwintering population was found to include two different component groups : one war, a long-winged group which accounted for about 92% and the other was a short-winged group making up 8% of the population. The rate of mortality increases with age in such a manner that its logarithm is proportionar to age in every wing-length category. On the basis of this mortality-age relationship, Gompertz equation, A・I=kp4', was applied to the survival data of each wing-length category, where A-I is cumulative mortality (`lt・6) on the t'th day after capture and k, p, g parameters constant for each category. From this equation the "half-life period'' of each wing-length category can be estimated. It follows from this estimation that the ionger wings the mosquitoes have, the longer period they survive on the whole with only a few exceptions, Discussions were given ef a possibility that the blood-fed mesquitoes belonging to the short-wingecl group might be capable of taking in Japanese encephalitis virus in late summer, of carrying the virus through the winter and of transmitting to vertebrate hosts in the next spring.


This paper suggests a novel approach to assess corporate sector solvency risk. The approach uses a Bottom-Up Default Analysis that projects probabilities of default of individual firms conditional on macroeconomic conditions and financial risk factors. This allows a direct macro-financial link to assessing corporate performance and facilitates what-if scenarios. When extended with credit portfolio techniques, the approach can also assess the aggregate impact of changes in firm solvency risk on creditor banks' capital buffers under different macroeconomic scenarios. As an illustration, we apply this approach to the corporate sector of the five largest economies in Latin America.


Convolutional spreading CDMA with cyclic prefix (CS-CDMA/CP) is a multiuser interference-free (MUI-free) CDMA scheme proposed for multipath channels based on the convolution between user data and zero correlation zone (ZCZ) code, and its characteristics depend on the employed ZCZ codes. Although ternary ZCZ codes have more sequences than binary ZCZ codes in general, transmitted signal with ternary ZCZ codes give a slightly higher peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper we propose the use of periodic ZCZ codes generated from an M-sequence which not only provides the same user capacity as ternary ZCZ codes but allows more design flexibility. Simulation results show that the new ZCZ code shows stronger robustness against an imperfect transmitter with clipping and enjoys better BER performances when used in CS-CDMA/CP compared to the conventional DS-CDMA with MRC-RAKE.


The paper develops a methodology for analyzing multimodal strategies involved in the creation of cinematic metaphors based on verbal units. Special attention is paid to the typology of verbal means that underlie cinematic metaphors emerging in comedy films. The research offers an integrated approach to the study of cinematic performativity and linguistic creativity and gives insights into their interrelatedness in constructing cinematic figurativeness.


We study the high speed collision and reconnection of Abrikosov{Nielsen{Olesen cosmic strings in the type-II regime of the Abelian Higgs model, that is, scalar-to-gauge mass ratios larger than one. Qualitatively new phenomena such as multiple reconnections and clustering of small scale structure have been observed in the deep type-II regime and reported in a previous paper, as well as the fact that the previously observed \loop" that mediates the second intercommutation is only a loop for suciently large mass ratios. Here we give a more detailed account of our study, which involves 3D numerical simulations with the parameter = m 2=m 2 in the range 1 64, the largest value simulated to date, as well as 2D simulations of vortex-antivortex head-on collisions to understand their possible relation to the new 3D phenomena. Our simulations give further support to the idea that Abelian Higgs strings never pass through each other, even at ultrarelativistic speeds, unless this is the result of a double reconnection; and that the critical velocity for double reconnection goes down with increasing mass ratio, but energy conservation suggests a lower bound around 0.77 c. We discuss the qualitative change in the intermediate state observed for large mass ratios. We relate it to a similar change in the outcome of 2D vortex{antivortex collisions in the form of radiating bound states, whereas we nd no evidence of the back-to-back reemergence reported in previous studies. In the deep type-II regime the angular dependence of the critical speed for double reconnection does not seem to conform to the semi-analytic predictions based on the Nambu-Goto approximation. We can model the high angle collisions reasonably well by incorporating the eect of core interactions, and the torque they produce on the approaching strings, into the Nambu{Goto description of the collision. An interesting, counterintuitive aspect is that the eective collision angle is smaller (not larger) as a result of the torque. Our results suggest dierences in network evolution and radiation output with respect to the predictions based on Nambu{Goto or = 1 Abelian Higgs dynamics.


This article has been accepted for publication in a forthcoming issue of Astronomy & Astrophysics. Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics. © 2018 ESO.


In the midst of technological advances today there are still people who are far from technological advances. This community is a native tribe that is on the sea coast by depending on its life from the sea by becoming fishermen. One of the remaining marine tribes on the coast of Batam City is the Tanjung Gundap sea tribe. Therefore, this service is carried out in Tanjung Gundap. Tanjung Gundap is located in Riau Islands, Batam City, Kecamatan Sagulung, Kelurahan Tembesi. This service was given to the community of Tanjung Gundap in RW 01/ RT 02. The service is done by providing guidance to the community about how they can market their home industry which is snacks (kerupuk) that they have processed and can be sold more maximally by utilizing social media in order to reach consumers more broadly. Coaching is done by creating social media and online stores. The coaching was done twice. The first meeting was about the introduction of social media and online stores that can be optimally utilized for the promotion and sale of products. The second coaching is done by creating emails, social media such as facebook, instagram as well as taking online such as shopee. The coaching that has been done can increase the spirit of the community in making home industry products and market optimally.


The invention relates to a sensing device for Bodenspurungen from the interior of a vehicle (4), with a with the ground be brought into contact detection probe (2) and a handle (3) for moving the sensing probe (2) from a rest position to a lowered ground sensing position, wherein the sensing probe (2) is coupled to the handle (3) such that the detection probe upon actuation of the handle (3) (2) descends into the ground sensing position, under lever action, or wherein the lowering movement of the sensing probe (2) by means of a Absenkarretierung (12) can be locked, or wherein by means of the handle (3) the detection probe (2) is pivotable about a substantially horizontal pivoting plane for aligning, wherein by means of a Ausrichtarretierung the orientation is locked, as well as vehicle having a sensing device, the detection probe (2) through the bottom (28) of the vehicle interior is performed.


The Rio Bee study was modest in scope; by contrast the Pulltrouser Swamp project was an ambitious one, with a cast of specialists. The present report covers only the first stage of the work, but is shows the benefits that come from interdisciplinary collaboration. There are sections on geomorphology, vegetation, soils, pollen, plant remains, soil molluscs, settlement patterns and the excavated artifacts. The subject of investigation was an area of more than 300 ha of canals and drained fields at the edge of a swamp. The Pulltrouser team confirmed that these features were manmade, and datable between 200 B.C. and A.D. 850. The individual authors (who do not always agree among themselves) describe the structure of the fields and discuss their function in terms of drainage and soil modification. The main crop seems to have been maize, with amaranth and cotton as other possibilities, and there is strong circumstantial evidence for hoeing and mulching. The basic outline of the story is clear, but many of the critical details still remain ambiguous. For this reason, and because the team is returning to the site, the chapters are mainly descriptive. There is discussion of the evidence from Pulltrouser Swamp itself, but the authors avoid the temptation to draw broader cultural-historical conclusions. Nevertheless, even at the halfway stage this project is a model of its kind, and has provided more 'hard-core' data than any previous investigation. Research in other areas has begun to show that the terracing and drainage schemes belong mainly to the Classic Period (i.e. long after the first, presumably milpa, farming on the easier soils). Since this was a time of rapid population expansion, there is some support for the belief that agricultural intensification, with its high labour costs, was a reaction to population pressure, though the Wittfogel stereotype of the hydraulic state seems inapplicable in the Maya zone. It will be a long time before we have the precise figures needed for economic model-making, but research is now moving in the right direction.


The paper presents the constructing of a new beam finite element that can give the same deformation as the three-dimensional finite model of connection elements. First, a 3-D model is constructed, meshed (using H8 elements), and analyzed, to obtain the displacements ux, uy, and uz. Then we construct the equivalent two-dimensional (plane stress condition), meshed using Q4 elements. At the final stage, the results of the deformation proposed by our new element for the corners are compared with the results of the 2-D model. We have obtained good agreement, as the new element is tested on several structures with several load types.


two hundred mechanical engineering sophomores in the area of product design and has taught over the last nine years in the areas of physics, engineering mechanics, object oriented programming, geographical information systems, engineering economics, project management, product design, and contract law. His research interests involve active magnetic bearings, product design, K-12 engineering education, solid mechanics, and non-linear structural mechanics. He has ten years of full-time industry experience in steel manufacturing and nine years of consulting experience in the areas of mechanical and civil design. He currently in the department of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia


In this plenary keynote address we will discuss the transversal role of informatics in the humanities and social sciences and the challenges of fostering an intersection or relationship between hard and soft sciences. I propose a vision based on my life experience as an IT Engineer working in a History Institute and aim to give some food for thought on what I have called, coining a neologism, "Humanistic Transfer". This concept, developed as an analogy of "Technological Transfer", could be an interesting and potentially important topic to start a dialog (including Dialectics) at the conference. I will give an overview, as an example, of my peer reviewed paper presented at the 18th EISTA 2020© in the context of 14th IMSCI 2020©, on an ancient Sardinian and Mediterranean traditional hand game as a case study highlighting how the role of technicians can be applied to the humanities. I will report on other contributions concerning the enhancement of cultural heritage through innovative technological solutions I have developed and presented at previous international conferences and share other memorable experiences.


Dual transformations in two-dimensional classical and quantum mechanical systems have been widely studied using conformal mapping techniques but one-dimensional systems have been largely ignored. In this paper we study dual transformations in one-dimensional mechanical systems, both classical and quantum mechanical, using some previously developed methods. A number of examples, mostly involving periodic motion or bound states, are presented. Dual transformations provide interesting connections between hitherto unconnected problems.


A chimeric ligand–gated channel is activated by the ligands that activate both parent channels, which gate it through two distinct mechanisms.


Nano-tera-scale electronic technologies provide the fabrication of million processor chips and systems. Most of them are showing an almost prototype architecture due to physical constraints: the mainly identical processing cells are mainly locally connected, and a sparse bus-like global connection is added. The cells might vary both in function as well as in operation mode, including possibly sensory elements, however, the interplay between local dynamics and global dynamics has an important role. The Cellular Wave Computers rely on this architecture endowed with a new world of algorithms based on spatial–temporal dynamics as protagonist instructions. Interestingly, the latest cellular visual microprocessors, cellular supercomputers, chips for videogames, as well as FPGAs and FPOAs, and sensor level computers show this type of architecture. Moreover, the latest discoveries in retinal research and other sensory organs, as well as some cortical organizations show strikingly similar architectures. There is a pressing need to develop nano-friendly architectures that take into account of the physical constraints of the devices and their interconnections (e.g. wire delay is dominant over gate delay) and form the function of the system via the layout, exploiting dynamic wave actions. As a consequence, the circuit, system, and computing aspects are inherently related. The emerging 3D or vertical integration technologies open up a new terrain of complexity in building integrated sensory supercomputers in a small cube. Although, research and product development in cellular nonlinear network dynamics and related CNN technology play important role, however, new principles and innovations are emerging. This special issue is focusing on the following main areas: • Physical implementation • Algorithmic innovation • Biological modeling and inspiration • Application case studies • Theoretical foundation


Edges are basic low level primitives for image processing. Edge detection is one of the most common operations in image analysis. In this paper a new implementation for edge detection methods using LVQ neural network is proposed. For instance Susan and Canny and Sobel edge detectors are modeled by neural network and simulation results are very promising.


Tissue culture technique was adopted to produce pear rootstocks resistant to Erwinia amylovora, the causal organism of fire blight disease. Two streptomycin resistant and two sensitive isolates were used to infect pear callus (Pyrus communis var. betulifolia) under laboratory conditions, and the resulting resistant rootstock in pot experiments. There were differences between callus survival (resistance) and regenerated plantlets following infection with the local isolates No.2, 4 and 40. The highest value of callus survival and vegetative growth characteristics were recognized on plantlets obtained from callus infected with the isolate No.40, compared to that infected by others. Meanwhile, no regenerated plantlets were gained from calluses infected by isolate No. 80. There were differences in the number of regenerated plants depending on the regeneration hormones in the media used. The GA3 (1.5mg/l) + 2ip (1.5mg/l) revealed the highest number of regenerated plants. However, no regenerated plants resulted from GA3 (0.5mg/l)+ IAA(1.5mg/l). After acclimatization, the youngest leaves in potted plants were inoculated with bacterial isolates to evaluate plant resistance for E. amylovora. There were differences between pathogenicity of the bacterial isolates on acclimatized plants, where the isolate No.40 showed no disease syndromes. It can be concluded that the tissue culture technique can be used in producing pear rootstocks resistant against fire blight disease, and also to produce plants resistant to streptomycinresistant isolates of E. amylovora; to avoid deleterious effect of streptomycin.


4079 Background: The combination chemotherapy of capecitabine and cisplatin showed considerable activity and good feasibility in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Oxaliplatin has a more favorable toxicity profile compared to cisplatin. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with advanced gastric carcinoma.

METHODS
Patients received intravenous oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 over 2 hours on day 1 plus oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1-14, every 3 weeks. Treatment was continued until progression of disease or intolerable toxicities with a maximum of 8 cycles. All the measurability and response evaluations were reviewed and confirmed by one investigator.

RESULTS
Total 54 patients were enrolled (37 men, 17 women). The median age was 57 years (range 29-70). Among these 54 patients, fifty-two patients were evaluable. A total 311 cycles of chemotherapy were delivered. The overall response rate was 63% (95% CI, 50-76%), with complete response in 2 patient and partial responses in 32 patients. After a median follow-up of 13 months, median progression-free survival was 5.8 months (95% CI, 4.4-7.2 months); median overall survival was 11.9 months (95% CI, 8.8-15.1 months). The treatment was generally well tolerated. The most common haematological adverse event was anaemia (70% of patients). Grade 3- 4 neutropenia was observed in 4 patients and neutropenic fever was experienced in only 1 patient. Four patients had G3 thrombocytopenia, which was accompanied by G3 gastrointestinal bleeding. The most common non-haematological toxicities were neuropathy (70%), vomiting (50%), diarrohea (33%), and hand-foot syndrome (39%). But, G3-4 toxicities were rare. There was one treatment related death which was associated with grade IV neutropenic sepsis.

CONCLUSION
XELOX was active and well tolerated as a first-line therapy for advanced gastric carcinoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Palliative radiotherapy (RT) is not commonly offered to patients with head and neck cancer because of the belief that toxicity from the RT would not provide great palliative benefits. The purpose of this study was for us to report the advantages of cyclical hypofractionated RT (QUAD Shot) using intensity‐modulated RT (IMRT) for an elderly comorbid patient with head and neck cancer.


This paper describes in-line process tritium monitors have been designed, fabricated, and tested for process and experimental applications in the Tritium Laboratory at Ontario Hydro. The monitors are uniquely simple and compact in design, ultrahigh vacuum compatible, and bakeable to 300{degrees}C. The low level and medium level tritium monitors with minimum detection limits of the order of 1 and 10 {mu}Ci m{sup {minus}3}, respectively, have linear responses spanning more than 6 decades in concentration, are flow independent to at least 0.5 L s{sup {minus}1}, and exhibit small memory effects with rapid recovery following short duration tritium exposures.


The North Sea is now entering an era where certain major facilities are reaching the end of their intended design lives. Present decommissioning legislation has evolved from a blend of old and new, but what will the future hold?


Sand mining is a booming industry. The river sandbank is one of the primary sources of sand mining. Detection of potential river sandbank regions for sand mining directly impacts the economy, society, and environment. In the past, semi-supervised and supervised techniques have been used to detect mining regions including sand mining. A few techniques employ multi-modal analysis combining different modalities such as multi-spectral imaging, synthetic aperture radar (\emph{SAR}) imaging, aerial images, and point cloud data. However, the distinguishing spectral characteristics of river sandbank regions are yet to be fully explored. This paper provides a novel method to detect river sandbank regions for sand mining using multi-spectral images without any labeled data over the seasons. Association with a river stream and the abundance of minerals are the most prominent features of such a region. The proposed work uses these distinguishing features to determine the spectral signature of a river sandbank region, which is robust to other high mineral abundance regions. It follows a two-step approach, where first, potential high mineral regions are detected and next, they are segregated using the presence of a river stream. The proposed technique provides average accuracy, precision, and recall of 90.75%, 85.47%, and 73.5%, respectively over the seasons from Landsat 8 images without using any labeled dataset.


In his engaging book, Denaturalizing Ecological Politics, Andrew Biro tries to address the complicated relationship people have with nature. He does so by interpreting how earlier political thinkers thought about humanity's relationship to the nonhuman world and offering theoretical distinctions and analytical categories to clarify the perennial challenge of situating ourselves, as a species, within the whole. He believes that by going back and appreciating how some of our greatest thinkers knocked their heads against the enigma of humanity's place in the natural world we will develop a more productive ecological politics. Biro's tour of previous political thought includes insightful interpretations of Rousseau, Marx, Adorno and Marcuse, focusing on the theme of alienation. These writers believe that humans are in a perverse relationship to the nonhuman world; we are estranged from the natural world that surrounds us in one way or another. This alienation occurs not because there is something inherently wrong with the natural world but rather because of problems with our social order. Our social relations are marked by injustice, domination and excessive hierarchy, and we take these qualities with us as we interact with the nonhuman world, making it difacult to know what is natural and how to behave in ecologically-sound ways. Biro distinguishes two kinds of alienation: basic and surplus. Basic alienation is the necessary distance humans assume to develop culture, enrich social relations and otherwise cultivate sociality. Surplus alienation, in contrast, is our estrangement from nature that results from our impulse to master the natural world, an impulse that inspires us to naturalize social domination. One sees these two forms in, for example, Rousseau, who both praises and laments humanity's leaving the state of nature to enter society. He praises it as a necessary step to forming social institutions and human culture more generally; we must experience basic alienation to develop meaningful bonds of social life. He laments this estrangement, however, to the extent that leaving the state of nature requires that we develop a modicum of mastery over the natural world, and such mastery quickly translates into social domination. Put differently, through surplus alienation, humans reify the qualities of supremacy over nature into social distinctions that then appear natural. In both cases, as Biro illustrates through instructive additional interpretations of Marx, Adorno and Marcuse,


1 Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprises 2 Transformation in to Medium Level Industry in Addis 3 Ababa, Ethiopia 4 Abe Y.* 5 Injibara University, Ethiopia 6 Atinkut L. 7 Injibara University, Ethiopia 8 Ambaw G. 9 10 11 . 12 ABSTRACT 13 14 Micro and small enterprises are the means for most countries economy by creating employment opportunity and supporting large manufacturing companies in the economy. The results of most research studies revealed that most micro and small enterprises in developing countries especially in Ethiopia have several problems for transformation and growth due to diverse factors. Thus, this research assess "the determinant factors for micro and small enterprises transformation in to medium level industry in Addis Ababa by taking a sample of 74 transformed micro and small enterprises in 10 sub cities. The objective of the study was to identify factors of micro and small enterprises transformation in to medium level industry in Addis Ababa city administration.


Until the industrial revolution, agricultural systems were based mainly on the exploitation of natural resources and diets were almost always diversified. With the auspices of modern agriculture and the population growth, the answer to food production concentrated mainly in the selection of some crops that better corresponded to the quantitative needs, observing, in general, a clear loss in the diversity of diets and their nutritional richness. The fact that the strategies used for the development of the more disadvantaged people were for a long time sectorspecific delayed the due importance to the need of having a holistic approach. This approach, for which many authors have received attention, is highlighted in the text. Strategies are sustained that can lead to cross approaches from the different sectors (agriculture, health and education, for example) that can contribute to a more equitable world, based on sustainable agricultural and balanced nutritional systems that correspond to the real needs of the population.


A multidimensional finite element model of a viscoelastic sliding bearing is presented. The model resulted into a simplified finite element model composed by an elastic matrix and a damping matrix. These matrices are independent from each other since the viscoelastic material properties are assumed to be of Kelvin type material. Kelvin type materials are approximated as a linear combination of an elastic modulus and a viscous coefficient. This simple model describes accurately most rubbers used in machine components. The model combines the linearity of the Kelvin type material plus the finite element interpolation scheme. Thus, the advantages of the finite element discretization can be applied to any geometry. In order to obtain Kelvin's coefficients a test rig was built. Material properties were experimentally determined and the model was validated. Afterwards, a discretized model was developed for a radial support bearing with and embedded sandwich-like rubber band. From this model, it was possible to analyze bearing stiffness and damping properties. Then, damping and stiffness coefficients were input to a rotordynamic model of a single-mass rotor with a slender shaft to assess imbalance response characteristics obtained with viscoelastic sliding bearings. This procedure allows the designer to evaluate alternative damping mechanisms that can be added to sliding bearings.© 2005 ASME


Nanostructural WO3 materials exhibit excellent gasochormism performance under the action of the hydrogen gas. In this paper, we study the mechanism of annealing treatment effect on the gasochromic properties both of the WO3 bulks and WO3 films. WO3 bulks were prepared from WO3 sol and dried under ambient pressure, which was previously synthesized via sol-gel method. The WO3 films were prepared using dip-coating method. UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) were utilized to investigate components, structures and gasochromic properties. And we find that the mechanism of the thermal treatment on the gasochromic performance depends on H+ diffusion velocity which largely relies on the structural water content.


This book aims to develop the practical and analytical skills needed to write a good research paper or a research chapter in a dissertation – assignments that many undergraduate students at University face.

These skills include:-
• Understanding the difference between a research paper and an essay.
• Helping you develop ideas for your research paper.
• Learning how to find the research papers you will need.
• Looking at actual research papers to develop your understanding of the contents.
• Develop an understanding of research methods, experimental design and bad science so you will have the skills to evaluate research for yourself.
• Develop the writing skills needed to write your research paper.

The practical skills will be developed by small exercises that the reader will be invited to undertake and the feedback that will be provided.


KODETM Technology is based on novel water-dispersible self-assembling molecules, called a functionspacer-lipids or KODETM constructs (Figure 1) that are able to coat virtually any biological or non-biological surface with almost any biological or non-biological material [1-10]. The primary coating method of live cells, organisms, bacteria and viruses or solid surfaces (glass, metals, plastics, etc.) is achieved by simple contact with a solution containing one or more FSL KODETM constructs. Upon contact the FSLs spontaneously and harmlessly create a stable and novel surface coating. Essentially the spontaneous self-assembling process is driven by the need of the constructs to "exclude water". Because the constructs are able to bind to virtually any surface, be it hydrophobic or hydrophilic the mechanisms of action are multiple and complex and include hydrophobic interactions (via lipid tail), hydrophilic interactions (via the head group and spacer), micelle entrapment, encapsulation, bi/multi layer assembly, and other factors such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, electrostatic and ionic interactions and combinations of all the above on complex surfaces.


Induction of surface Mac-1 by inflammatory stimuli is fundamental to a broad spectrum of granulocyte adherence reactions. To study the mechanisms regulating expression and intracellular translocation of Mac-1, neutrophils were disrupted by nitrogen cavitation and subcellular organelles were isolated on Percoll gradients. Mac-1 was visualized by a sensitive Western Blot Assay made quantitative by digital imaging. Unstimulated neutrophils contained 29%, 27% and 26% of total (5.60 μg/107 cells) Mac-1 in beta (1.10 g/ml density granules) pre-gamma (1.07 g/ml density granules) and gamma (plasma membrane) fractions, respectively. fMLP elicited a ≥50% translocation of Mac-1 in the pre-gamma to the gamma fraction but no translocation of Mac-1 from the beta fraction and a ≤5% release of vitamin B12 transport protein. In contrast, PMA (1μg/ml) stimulation resulted in a ≥50% decrease in both the beta and pre-gamma Mac-1 pools concomitant with an increase in the gamma fraction and, a ≥50% release of vitamin B12 transport protein. Under both conditions, a 4-7 fold increase of surface Mac-1 was detectable by flow cytofluorography. Among both control and stimulated neutrophil suspensions, only 5% and 20% of Mac-1 partitioned with Triton-X 114 in beta and gamma fractions, respectively. These findings indicate that Mac-1 is contained in multiple distinct intracellular pools, and that it may exist both as an integral membrane protein and in other forms. Its "up regulation" by chemotactic factors is associated with a recruitment of a pre-gamma granular pool but does not require the participation of the beta fraction associated Mac-1 pool.


One of the Cleveland Clinic's Top Ten Medical Innovations for 2017, the liquid biopsy, can potentially be used to analyze the genetics of tumor cells from blood samples to provide an easier, faster, and comprehensive approach to understanding and treating solid tumors. But what exactly is a liquid biopsy? And can it replace tissue biopsy for detecting solid tumors? The detection of cancer biomarkers in blood is not a new concept. Circulating protein tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen or prostate-specific antigen have been used for decades to assess solid tumor burden. However, many malignancies do not have a reliable protein biomarker, and even for those tumors that do, levels of the protein may be elevated for reasons not related to tumor growth or progression. A more promising alternative that is gaining traction is to evaluate tumor products such as circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that are shed into the blood—or other bodily fluids, such as urine or saliva. Circulating tumor cells were first observed in 1869 in the peripheral circulation of a patient with metastatic cancer (Ashworth TR. Australian Med J. 1869;14:146-147), and ctDNA was first reported in the serum of people with cancer in 1977. One reason it took the liquid biopsy so long to catch on is that CTCs and ctDNA are found in low concentrations in the bloodstream. However, the technology has now developed to the point of sufficient sensitivity and specificity to accurately detect these tumor products. A recent large-scale study reported that ctDNA analysis identified cancer mutations in 85% of all advanced tumors, and the genomic profiles obtained correlated highly with those from solid tumor biopsies. A big advantage of the liquid biopsy is that it can be carried out in a simple, noninvasive way that can allow the tumor to be sampled in serial fashion, providing a more comprehensive view of a patient's cancer than can be obtained through traditional methods, said Ryan Bruce Corcoran, MD, PhD, of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Corcoran pointed out that while a tumor may lie deep within the body or be positioned in a critical organ, rendering tissue difficult or impossible to obtain, veins are easily accessible. And unlike tumor samples, liquid biopsies can capture how a tumor's molecular profile evolves over time in response to various pressures, including cancer therapies.


We present a tool called Gneiss that extends the familiar spreadsheet model to support creating data-drive web applications that use data from the Internet. Gneiss allows the user to extract data from arbitrary REST web services to a spreadsheet and send spreadsheet data to web services dynamically without writing conventional code. It provides new spreadsheet functions and interface elements to support using and manipulating structured data and streaming data. Moreover, Gneiss allows users to create not only visualizations but also full-fledged interactive web applications that can present and modify the spreadsheet data.


Based on the analysis of the stress distribution and movement law of the reinforced concrete chimney collapsing process,the mathematical model of the chimney collapse course was established.Toppling angles at different time and stress expression at different height was obtained in this paper.In addition,MATLAB language was used to program for an application example,and calculation result was corresponded with the blasting practice.The programming course was simple,the calculation result was exact,and the calculation method was easy to use.Then reference can be provided for the engineering practice.


In this paper,enterprise management position responsibility variables were classified into three types: technology,market and inter-person relation,and its affecting factors,(i.e.,) environment variables were classified correspondingly.A simulation model of casualty between these two types of variable was constructed.Employ stochastically methods to give environment variable qualitative value first,then transit state variable according to rules.Spurs simulation branches were pruned by means of work loading idea.Statistical methods were used to deal with simulation branches in revising the original results of job analysis and other human resource management aspects,e.g.,selection and training decision.


There is a great change in China's economic growth mode from element-driven to technology-driven.Empirical analysis shows that China's opening up to the outside world,science and technology input,improvement on infrastructure,shift in labor forces,industrialization and the educational progress are conducive to the change in the driving mechanism and growth mode.It is suggested that measures concerned should be adopted to maintain continuous drive to economical reforming,to consolidate economical reforming achievement and enhance the quality and benefit of economic growth.


The development of capital markets and the increased competition between banks are factors that can be expected to have strengthened the efficiency of the transmission mechanism, at least in its first stages: the response of money market rates and bank lending rates to changes in policy rates should have become both more rapid and larger. As a consequence, the interest rate channel is likely to have been reinforced both in absolute terms and relative to the credit channel. However, the overall impact on the transmission mechanism is unclear to the extent that long-term interest rates, which are not directly under the control of the central bank, play an important and increasing role in the financing of the French economy.


The symbol called näga, meaning 'serpent', 'elephant', and a particular kind of sacred tree (see Semeka 1979), is interchangeable in a number of cases, in both mythology and fine arts, with the symbol called makara. In dictionaries the Skt. and Pali makara, Prakrit magara, mayara is usually translated 'sea animal', 'sea monster', 'crocodile', 'shark', 'dolphin' (Böhtlingk and Roth 1855-75). In modern Indian languages, the word has exactly the same meaning: Bengali and Nepalese makar, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Sindhi magar, Punjabi, Kashmiri magarmaech, magarmatsh (Skt. magara-matsya, i.e., 'wagara-fish'), and Baluchi (Iranian) mängar. There has been much speculation about the non-Indo-Aryan origin of the Old Indian makara', cf. the Telugu negadu 'crocodile', the Kurukh magari 'alligator', the Canarese negar (see, e.g., Thumb and Hauschild 1953: 280) and the Santall mangar 'crocodile' (Turner 1966). The hypothesis that the main meaning of the Old Indian makara was 'crocodile' agrees with these facts (Vogel 1957: 561-562). The crocodile-gharial, usually with a fish in its mouth, is depicted in a row of sacred animals on the seals and amulets of Mohenjo-Daro. But the image of the makara in its most traditional Indian variant is not present in the art of the ancient cities of the Indus Valley; however, the so-called anthropotriosaurus, a composite beast with a human face, the trunk of an elephant, the horns and forequarters of a bull, and the tail and hindquarters of a tiger can be attributed to the type of makara-like creature under investigation (Mackay 1948: 62, 65; Volcok 1965: 56-57ff.). The term makara, as well as the term näga, cannot be found in the Rgvedic texts; it first appears in the Puranas and Brähmanas (Böhtlingk and Roth 1855-75). The Old Indian mythological animal makara as represented in the monuments of the later stages of Indian civilization has features that combine parts of the bodies of various animals. Some have attempted to trace extant examples to one of the real animals crocodile, dolphin,


There are many that criminal cases punish to with real concurrence the case where idead concurrence is being mixed. The such case problem is very...


Present investigation was undertaken to study the growth rate and instability of area, production and productivityjowar. The study was based on secondary data for the period of 23 years (1984–85 to 2006–07) for the districts viz., Buldana, Yavatmal, Akola, Amravati and Amravati divisionas a whole of Western Vidarbha of Maharashtra. The compound growth rates were negative for all the districts and also the division as a whole for area under jowar cultivation. However, the highest compound growth rate was recorded in Buldhana district (9.59 per cent per annum) significant at one per cent level. The compound growth rates for area and production of jowar were recorded near about equal it may be due tothe compound growth rates of productivity were less than or equal to one per cent per annum for almost all district except Akola district. The coefficient of variation and Coppock's instability index with regards to botharea (8.43 and 10.47 per cent) and productivity (20.29 and 12.40 per cent) were lowest in Yavatmal district among the jowar growing districts of Amravati division. At overall period, the area effect was most stronger factor for increasing production of jowar in all the districts and division as a whole, except Akola district i.e. -305.22 per cent.


We present a general mathematical description of the top-down attention control problem. Three important components are identified in the model: context extraction, attention focus and decision making. The context gives a coarse blurry representation of the whole input; the attention module models the focus of attention on a limited part of input, and the decision making component accounts the final decision of the agent for its motory actions. In order to achieve a faster convergence of attention learning in the online phase, an offline optimization step is performed in advance. To do so, we incorporate the knowledge of a full observer agent that has approximately learned the optimal decision making of the task. The simulation results show that by employing our algorithm, the learning speed is improved.


The products of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation are considered reliable biomarkers of oxidative injury in vivo. We investigated ischemia-reperfusion-related oxidative injury by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers (isoprostane, isofuran, neuroprostane, and neurofuran) after cardiac arrest and tested the associations between the biomarkers and different arterial oxygen tensions (PaO2). We utilized blood samples collected during the COMACARE trial (NCT02698917). In the trial, 123 patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were treated with a 10–15 kPa or 20–25 kPa PaO2 target during the initial 36 h in the intensive care unit. We measured the biomarker levels at admission, and 24, 48, and 72 h thereafter. We compared biomarker levels in the intervention groups and in groups that differed in oxygen exposure prior to randomization. Blood samples for biomarker determination were available for 112 patients. All four biomarker levels peaked at 24 h; the increase appeared greater in younger patients and in patients without bystander-initiated life support. No association between the lipid peroxidation biomarkers and oxygen exposure either before or after randomization was found. Increases in the biomarker levels during the first 24 h in intensive care suggest continuing oxidative stress, but the clinical relevance of this remains unresolved.


The purpose of this article is to modify Ishikawa iterative process to have strong convergence for an infinite family nonexpansive mappings. Convergence theorems are established in a real Banach space. The results presented in this paper mainly improve the corresponding results announced in [3], [15] and [31].


PURPOSE: An insulator for preventing the separation of a distribution line is provided to reduce an impact in a coupling part between the insulator and the distribution by upwardly moving the coupling part between the distribution and the insulator when an external force is upwardly applied to the distribution line. CONSTITUTION: A main body(10) is made of ceramic materials. A cylinder(21) passes through the main body and is fixed. A piston(22) is installed on the inner surface of the cylinder. A moving unit(20) movably passes through the bottom of the cylinder. A rotating stand(30) is fixed to the bottom of the cylinder. A buffering member(40) is contacted with the upper side of an arm brace(1) and performs a buffering function.