We introduce a new estimation problem in which the samples can be chosen arbitrarily. We show that for every sequence of samples the asymptotic time-average of nearest neighbor risks equals twice the time-average of the conditional Bayes risks of the sequence. Rates of convergence for nearest neighbor estimation are established in terms of metric covering numbers of the underlying space. In particular, for compact subsets of R/sup r/ the convergence rate of the time-averaged risk is O(1/n/sup 2/r/).<<ETX>>


Since the end of WWII, social capital stock has been rapidly accumulated in Japan. But it seems that the financial resource will be limited in the near future. In this study, patterns of social capital stock since 1953 are analyzed in terms of both regional and sectoral distribution. And their impact on productivity is evaluated. Furthermore, several predictions are made with regard to the compositions of the social capital stock in Japan upto 2050. Plausible assumptions indicate that it will be very difficult to construct new social capital stock beyond 2025.


with odd health beliefs withhold proven treatments from their sick children. Most jurisdictions have legal remedies that protect the child's interest in receiving efficient, highquality care. While details vary, some sort of temporary guardianship can usually be put in place to insure that a child will receive, say, a life-saving blood transfusion, or chemotherapy. Society's way of dealing with the mental health hazard of malignant education, however, could not be more strikingly different. In the West, parents are basically free to inflict sectarian education onto their children in private schools or through home schooling, even in countries with a strong political commitment to public education. In other parts of the world, whole school systems are built on rote learning of aggressive dogma and the squelching of independent thinking. This double standard is a direct consequence of our focus on clinical risks. Accepting that the relevant risks of interventions should not be limited to these, and accepting that the distinction between drugbased and non-drug-based interventions is not a relevant one, as we believe the authors do, turns "enhancement exceptionalism" into a distinction without a difference. It also commits us to including the risks of malignant education among our concerns. A possible objection to the regulation of malignant education is that such regulation pits the right of a child to an open future against her right to become integrated in her culture. This argument, however, is weaker than it might appear. Arguably, the right to become integrated should not trump the right to an open future whatever the demands of integration might be. This point was made by Ravitsky, who compared genetics and education in their identity-shaping role (Ravitsky 2002). In order to balance a child's right to an open future and her right to belong, she proposes to follow Galston's four conditions for protecting a child's future "right of exit" from a community into which she is integrated: "(a) basic knowledge about the existence and content of other cultures; (b) the ability to evaluate other cultures and compare them to one's own; (c) basic abilities which make it possible to effectively become integrated into another culture; and (d) protection from physical or psychological coercion to remain a part of the community in the future" (315). Clearly, many forms of education currently do not meet these criteria. Inasmuch as malignant education is defined as the sort of education that stunts thinking abilities, it will necessarily fail to fulfill criteria (b) and (c). If such a risk resulted from a drug-based intervention, international opinion would consider it a major public health emergency. Were we to do the same regarding non-drugbased interventions, including education, it is likely that many children would grow up healthier and happier than they now do, with or without neuroenhancement.


The purpose of this paper is to expound the effects of the visual expressions in practice.During the art design it can connect creative thoughts,communication and intercourse,show the personal style and fulfill the course from intention to real object.Rational thinking and emotional performance supplement each other but not fetter.One can reach the emotion of "Do niceties,resulting in vast numbers" if only can he make it dialectically clear what are the effects of visual expressions and reach the level of amalgamation between appearance and spirit.


Through analyzing the undervoltage protection circuit,the reliability evaluation of the sys- tem is probed into with the application of maximum likelihood estimation(MLE) and empirical Bayes esti- mation(EBE),and reliability performances like the failure rate,degree of reliability and average life for the system are obtained.At last,with the help of computer Monte—Carlo random simulation method,the results by EBE and MLE are compared,showing that the former is superior to the latter.


This data could present a non-invasive option for characterizing tumor heterogeneity to improve personalized prognosis and treatment of patients with breast cancer.


The complexity of a quantum state may be closely related to the usefulness of the state for quantum computation. We discuss this link using the tree size of a multiqubit state, a complexity measure that has two noticeable (and, so far, unique) features: it is in principle computable, and non‐trivial lower bounds can be obtained, hence identifying truly complex states. In this paper, we first review the definition of tree size, together with known results on the most complex three and four qubits states. Moving to the multiqubit case, we revisit a mathematical theorem for proving a lower bound on tree size that scales superpolynomially in the number of qubits. Next, states with superpolynomial tree size, the Immanant states, the Deutsch‐Jozsa states, the Shor's states and the subgroup states, are described. We showed that the universal resource state for measurement based quantum computation, the 2D cluster state, has superpolynomial tree size. Moreover, we showed how the complexity of subgroup states and the 2D cluster state can be verified efficiently. The question of how tree size is related to the speed up achieved in quantum computation is also addressed. We show that superpolynomial tree size of the resource state is essential for measurement based quantum computation. The necessary role of large tree size in the circuit model of quantum computation is still a conjecture; and we prove a weaker version of the conjecture.


Through the investigation on reserves(samples galleries) in the libraries of some colleges in Jiangsu province and some finance and economics colleges in China,this paper probes into the current development trends of reserves in college libraries.


Earnings pressure leads managers to take actions that improve short-term profitability but damage long-term competitiveness and performance of their firms. This research shows how corporate governance can help shape managers' long term horizon and identifies ways that shareholders and board members could mitigate the short-termism often associated with earnings pressure. We define earnings pressure as the tension felt by management about meeting or beating analysts' earnings forecasts


To analyze the process of electric circuit network with state v ariable method, the key is solution in n etwork state equation. The Accord ing to electric circuit characteristics wit h request that compute the error margin, this paper introduces network state equ ation in the time area solution method, the frequecy area solution method, the number solution me thod and the fine solution method.Based on s pecific examples, the characteristcs of the methods are compared completly.


The legalization program of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act was influenced by the behaviors of three local actors in the implementation process: immigrant communities, community-based organizations, and INS officials. The results of two longitudinal field studies in a southwestern city suggest that local interpretations of legalization affected program outcomes by expanding the scope of the program beyond the participation rate projected by national policymakers. We also find that legalization leads to social changes within the immigrant community—the most important being the strengthening of social ties between the home community and the U.S. community.


This study examines the challenges of the interface of design, production, marketing and customer satisfaction in relation to product quality. In product development process there is linear function relationship whereby, when one unit completes its assignment, it hands over to another unit until the product is finally lunched into the market. In another, there is a simultaneous relationship in which all the units concerned such as design, R&D, production and marketing integrate their responsibilities. The main objective of the study is to determine which of the two approaches is more efficient and effective in relation to product quality and consequently customer satisfaction. Managers from the tyres and roofing sheet Product Company constitute the sample. This study employed descriptive statistics to determine the effects of an interface of design, production and marketing in satisfying customers in relation to product quality and price. The study revealed that an interface between the three  mentioned departments from idea generation to product launch leads to high product quality that meets customers requirement when carried out simultaneously.

 Key words:  Interface, product quality, custoemr satisfaction, linear function, simultaneous function, interdepartmental conflict.


A number of new polymeric solid electrolytes (PSE) based on LiClO{sub 4} and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with added amounts of finely divided powders of {Beta}-LiAlO{sub 2}, {gamma}-LiAlO{sub 2}, A1{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 2,4-dioxo-16-crown-5 have been synthesized and studied. The application of impedance spectroscopy has shown that the samples under study exhibit increased conductivity, of the order of 10{sup -4} to 10{sup -5} S/cm at room temperature, and good compatibility with cathodes based on thermally structured polyacrylonitrile (TSPAN) and a lithium anode. It has been found that introduction of 2,4-dioxo-16-crown-5 into a PEO-based PSE improves the parameters of the electrolyte due to the formation of crown-ether-lithium complexes.


Cracks in building facades are inevitable due to the age of the building. Cracks found in the building facade may be further exacerbated if not corrected immediately. Considering the extensive size of some buildings, there is definitely a need to automate the inspection routine to facilitate the inspection process. The incorporation of deep learning technology for the classification of images has proven to be an effective method in many past civil infrastructures like pavements and bridges. There is, however, limited research in the built environment sector. In order to align with the Smart Nation goals of the country, the use of Smart technologies is necessary in the building and construction industry. The focus of the study is to identify the effectiveness of deep learning technology for image classification. Deep learning technology, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), requires a large amount of data in order to obtain good performance. It is, however, difficult to collect the images manually. This study will cover the transfer learning approach, where image classification can be carried out even with limited data. Using the CNN method achieved an accuracy level of about 89%, while using the transfer learning model achieved an accuracy of 94%. Based on this, it can be concluded that the transfer learning method achieves better performance as compared to the CNN method with the same amount of data input.


At this moment, pandemic situation due to COVID-19 implies some changes, there is a considerable transformation for the digital system, not only work has moved to online when possible but also education had to move fast to online learning in the majority of developed countries. ASTRE project is focused in improving the quality of offered online learning opportunities for adults which is directly related with the requirements from the pandemic. This paper is the preliminary result from ASTRE project, a project based on Online Learning for adults and its impact. The aim of this paper is to study different MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) providers in order to analyse existing tracking systems. MOOC providers have been mapped at international level. A survey has been created and launched and in depth interviews have been conducted. Despite finding some universities with no tracking system, results show many organisations or universities with online learning, implement somehow a tracking system to monitor the students. What is really surprising, is the fact that, once the student is not enrolled in the organisation, there is not any further contact. Consequently, there is no information on the impact online learning had on the learner's personal and professional competences. A common response from every survey was the importance given to track the student.


We present results of first epoch high resolution imaging observations of four extremely distant quasars. The sample includes the only two radio-loud quasars at redshift z > 4 known to the date of observations, 1251−407 (z = 4.46) and 1508+572 (z = 4.30). The 5 GHz observations of 1251−407, 1351−018 (z = 3.71) and 1354−174 (z = 3.15) were made with the VLBA in January 1995. The source 1508+572 was observed with the EVN in May 1995. The milliarcsecond scale structures of these quasars are dominated by compact cores. The two z > 4 quasars are unresolved on the baselines observed. We show that the apparently less prominent milliarcsecond scale extended radio structures in high redshift quasars than in their low redshift counterparts may be explained by the difference in spectral indices of the cores and jets.


Purpose: To investigate bilateral torque differences in trained swimmers during isokinetic knee extension exercise. Methods: 25 NCAA Division II swimmers (14 ♀, 11 ♂), (aged 20.3 ± 1.5 years; height 172.2 ± 13.1 cm; mass 70.3 ± 14.1 kg; % body fat 15.5 ± 6.7) performed 15 maximal voluntary, bilateral knee extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer. The selection of testing velocities was based on underwater filming of the kick cycle. Testing velocities were set at 400 deg·s -1 and 450 deg·s -1 . Results: A total of 9 subjects failed to attain target isokinetic velocities. Therefore, data from only 16 subjects (9 ♂, 7 ♀) were included in the analysis. Two-way ANOVA revealed no significant torque differences (p ≥ 0.05) between right and left limbs within both velocities –


Perceived control has long been concerned as a very important concept in the psychology domain. Recently, some researchers found the traditional theory of perceived control overemphasized the individual ability having effect on the environment, but neglected the objective social context (eg, social political condition, historical and cultural effect and life reality) which may exert impact on the personal perceived control. Primary-Secondary control theory, Negotiable fate, and Compensatory control model have elaborated how perceived control varied in the different social context respectively. Primary-Secondary control theory claimed that the person in the low-control situation should adjust oneself to accept the environment unchangeable and acquire a kind of secondary control. Negotiable fate believed the person in the East-Asia culture context would admit the restrain factors in their life but still persist the personal bounded agency in order to master their life. Compensatory control model held the perspective that when people face the low-personal control circumstances, they would try to gain perceived control through a series of compensatory ways. Some directions proposed based on these theories in order to highlight the ideas of further researches of Chinese perceived control.


The article analyzes the current state of administrative and legal regulation of the institute of exemption from liability for minor administrative offenses. The author notes that there are a number of problematic aspects of application of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses (hereinafter – CUAO) in the area under study, which is explained by the uncertainty of the legal nature of minority of an administrative offense. The lack of legislative definition of the term "minority offense", the criteria for distinguishing such an act from others, and the lack of regulation of misdemeanors which fall under the signs of minority cause problems of a law enforcement nature. The purpose of the article is to determine the shortcomings of the legal regulation of the procedure for exempting a person from responsibility for committing an administrative offense recorded in the automatic mode, due to the insignificance of the offense and formulating proposals for improving the current legislation in this area. In order to achieve the specified goal, the authors  analyzes the legislation which regulates the procedure for dismissal of offenders referred to in Art. 14-2 of the CUAO in the field of road traffic safety. As a result, it has been established that despite the additional enshrinement of exceptional grounds for exemption from liability in Article 279-3 of the CUAO, the above category of persons is in a more unfavorable position than other subjects of administrative offenses. Although the general ground for exemption from administrative liability set out in Article 22 of the CUAO, which is the insignificance of an act, does not contain any restrictions on its application to automatically recorded offenses, the impossibility of its implementation is due to the specifics of the provisions of Articles 33, 268, 280 of the CUAO. The author formulates proposals for improving the legal regulation of application of Article 22 of the CUAO to offenses in this area, which will form the basis for further developments.


Professional accreditation system,as one of the means to guarantee American higher education,has already arousing great attention from all over the world.?And it is deserved for China to learn something from achievements American has obtained.


The cultural studies of the Southern and Northern Dynasties are the important components of Fan Wen-lan' s academic life which consists of three stages: the study of WEN XIN DIAO LONG in 1920 - 30' s, the cultural study of Southern Dynasties according to the general history study in 1940's as well as the cultural studies of Southern and Northern Dynasties based on the general history study in 1950 - 60' s. His comprehensive and scientific understanding of the historical status of the culture in Southern and Northern Dynasties is still of guiding and inspiring significance.


V . 473 C £? Kal /xiXXei yekwri re aTE^vals ttxrirep Kv/j.a eKye\S>v (cat dSofia KaraK\v<reiv. The simile is bad. I t is not the ' wave that will laugh—if the ' wave' here is the same as that already mentioned, viz. the coming statement of Socrates—but some hostile spectator. Hence Adam proposed to eject the words drex"(as • • • eKyeXSv. A less drastic remedy would be to insert TIS after yeXwri T€: ' although someone is sure to drown me in laughter, roaring just like a breaker, and in disgrace.' Cp. Eurip. Jr. 981 dAA' eori, Kit TIS eyyeAa . . . Xoyig.


The eigenstates of the one-band Hamiltonian for a two-electron homopolar molecule can be exactly determined. The exact solution for the ground state and all its properties can thus be used as a standard to assess the accuracy and validity of several commonly used approximations: the normal molecular-orbital ground state, the Heitler-London states, the spin-density waves and the charge-density waves. The most general unrestricted self-consistent field approximations are studied in both the Hartree and Hartree-Fock approximations and are compared with one another as well as with the exact results. New and simple correlated states are also proposed and tested: a symmetrized spin-density wave and a symmetrized charge-density wave. These new states are easily obtained from the corresponding Hartree-Fock states, and whenever they exist, they are extremely good approximations to the exact ground state. General consequences and extensions to more complicated systems can be inferred from this study.


The invention provides a technical method for preventing photoresist from generating defects during wet etching. The method comprises the following steps of: coating photoresist on a silicon wafer which forms a shallow isolated channel and is deposited with a silicon oxide thin film; carrying out the exposure development on the photoresist to expose a first silicon oxide region to be etched by a wet process and a second silicon oxide region protected by the photoresist of the silicon oxide thin film; coating mercaptan compounds-contained crosslinked material solution on patterns of the photoresist within the same developer table which carries out the development, heating to enable the mercaptan compounds and the surface of the photoresist to be reacted with each other to form a macromolecule-crosslinked protecting film so as to cure the patterns of the photoresist, and removing the redundant mercaptan compounds-contained crosslinked material solution; carrying out wet etching to partially remove the silicon oxide thin film on the first silicon oxide region; and depositing the silicon oxide thin film again after the remaining photoresist is removed so as to form the silicon oxide thin film dual-gate oxide with different thicknesses within the first silicon oxide region and the second silicon oxide region.


The undesirable prospect of increasing congestion un the nation's airways has caused attention to be focused more and more on terminal areas. Two distinct efforts to improve traffic flow have been studied elsewhere. One, by means of careful control of aircraft separation along flight paths leading to the terminal, runways attempts to reduce flow variability, while the other attempts to reduce service times on the runways by the use of high speed exit taxiways. Within this paper, a Monte Carlo simulation is proposed in order to discover relations between error of control and traffic flow for optimally located exits on a runway used exclusively for landing. The simulation process is discussed at length and an expression is found for minimum sample size with stated confidence level.


The surrounding rock deformation of pedestrian roadway was serious under the influence of the working face. And it has affected the safety and normal use of roadway. To ensure the long-term stability of the pedestrian roadway surrounding rock and increase the coal recovery rate of working face, the paper studied the position of stopping line of 1203 working face by numerical simulation. The results show that setting 115m wide of security coal pillar between 1203 working face and pedestrian roadway that the area of stress concentration near the working face has less effect on the pedestrian roadway could better control the surrounding rock stability of the pedestrian roadway and meet the need of the long-term normal production use. It narrows the width of security coal pillar, increase the coal resources recovery rate and achieve the better economic benefits.


Objective To evaluate the value of 99 Tc m tetrofosmin myocardial imaging for detecting coronary artery disease. Methods Twenty seven patients underwent 99 Tc m tetrofosmin SPECT, twenty six patients underwent 99 Tc m MIBI SPECT;coronary angiography was performed on patients included in both groups (≥50% luminal diameter stenosis was considered significant coronary stenosis). Results 99 Tc m tetrofosmin produced high quality myocardial images from 30 min to several hours postinjection, the outlines of myocardial perfusion images provided by 99 Tc m tetrofosmin imaging were clearly discernible. One day exercise/rest 99 Tc m tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion imaging was feasible and had a high sensitivity for detection of coronary artery disease. Sensitivities of 99 Tc m tetrofosmin SPECT and 99 Tc m MIBI SPECT for detecting coronary artery disease were 90% and 94%, respectively. The 95% confidence limits of both sensitivities were 68.65%~98.77% and 72.33%~99 86%, respectively; the positive predictive values of both imaging agents were 90.0% and 89.5%, respectively, the 95% confidence limits of those were 68.38%~98.77% and 66.38%~98.70%, respectively; efficiencies of both imaging agents were 85.2% and 88.5%, respectively. The 95% confidence limits of both efficiencies were 65 81%~95.78% and 69.44%~98.70%, respectively. The specificity for both imaging agents was 71% and 75%. There was no significant difference among above results( P 0.05). No ECG abnormalities were found following the injection of 99 Tc m tetrofosmin SPECT. There were no drug related effects on blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature. This experiment failed to provide the negative predictive value of the myocardial perfusion imaging with 99 Tc m tetrofosmin because that few patients with normal coronary artery were included in the study. Conclusions Myocardial perfusion imaging with 99 Tc m tetrofosmin or 99 Tc m MIBI gives diagnostic information comparable to each other in patients undergoing one day exercise/rest protocal for assessment of coronary artery disease. One day exercise/rest myocardial perfusion with 99 Tc m tetrofosmin is clinically feasible in detecting coronary artery disease.


Brand equity is a set of assets and liabilities based on non-price competition associated
with a brand, names and symbols, which can increase or decrease the value provided by a goods
and services to companies or customers that can be used as a measure of whether the product is
good and quality .
One of way to build brand equity is to advertise. Sunsilk with its variant and innovation
has attacked television audiences with his campaign, it aims to build positive equity, especially
in their initial demographic segmentation of high school-level student daughter
This study aims to examine the relationship between exposure to television advertising
Sunsilk shampoo with Sunsilk shampoo brand equity among students in high school girls Affairs
7 Surakarta in 2009, and external factors meguji relationship and level of social groups with
experience Sunsilk shampoo brand equity among students in high school girls State 7 Surakarta
in 2009
This study uses quantitative methods using correlation studies to measure the variablerate
veriabel and influence the relationship between veriabel to one another. Respondents in this
study is the result of the calculation of the total student daughter in high school State 7 Surakarta
using the formula of random sampling as many as 50 people.
To test the correlation analysis formula used Spearman rank order correlation coefficient 95%
50-2 df = 48, which are among the top 40 df (2.021) and 60 df (2.000)
From the test results, there is a significant relationship television advertising exposure with the
Equity Sunsilk shampoo brand Sunsilk shampoo girls among students SMU Negeri 7 Surakarta.
The amount of the price of the correlation coefficient for two variables is 7.645 with tThe amount of the price of the correlation coefficient for two variables is 7.645 with t
calculated by 6.979. t count on the price table on the student t 95% confidence level or
significance level of 0.05 with degrees of freedom df df 50 lies between 40 and 60. Dimana batas
nilai df 40=2,021 dan df 60=2,000. Where is the limit value of df 40 = 2.021 and 2.000 df = 60
Meanwhile, external factors and the level of social groups experience with Sunsilk
shampoo brand equity among students in high school girls 7 Surakarta State there are also a
significant relationship. The amount of the price of the two variables the correlation coefficient is
7.164 with t calculated by 6.996. Price t t count on the table at the student level of confidence
95%, or 0.05 significance level with degrees of freedom df df 50 lies between 40 and 60. Dimana
batas nilai df 40=2,021 dan df 60=2,000 Where is the limit value of 40 = 2.021 df and 60 df =
2.000


This paper addresses the problem of determining the stabilizing proportional-integral-derivative controller regions for a general linear system with or without time delay in unity output feedback configuration. When such a problem is solved in the 3D space by a graphical method, it brings in the visualizing difficulties. This paper proposes a new method by projecting the stability boundary in the 3D to the parameterized stability boundary band in the 2D plane of ( K p , K i ) while K d varies in an interval. The boundary band divides the plane to the regions for which simple and effective stability test is developed and the complete stabilizing regions in the 2D plane of ( K p , K i ) are determined for any given interval on K d . The rules are presented to find conditionally stable band portions, within which the corresponding stabilizing sub-interval for K d can be obtained from an analytical formula for the case of no band intersections and from the root locus on K d for the case of the band intersections. Several examples are designed to cover different cases and illustrate the method.


With 4-methylcatechol as raw material,through oxidation and esterification reactions,the target compound ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate was synthesized and characterized by IR,1H NMR and 13C NMR.In the oxidation reaction the influence of dosage of catalyst TBAB and potassium permanganate,reaction time and reaction temperature on the yield of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were investigated with experiments.In the esterification reaction,the influence of dosage of catalyst,TsOH and ethanol,reaction time and reaction temperature on the yield of ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate were investigated.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate was 90.5%.The experiment showed that the synthesis method enhanced yield.It decreased the cost of production and possessed good prospect for the industrial application.


Abstract Regional screen archives, including film, video and digital media, protect the local vicinity's film heritage. Such archives generally fall outside the fashion historian's consciousness. There is a wealth of information on fiction film and fashion, but non-fiction film remains an underused source. This article examines the Screen Archive South East (SASE) based at the University of Brighton. The archive has a rich collection of amateur and professional non-fiction film from the late nineteenth century to the present day. The archive's resources inspired a collaborative project between the SASE and the Royal College of Art (RCA) entitled Screen Search Fashion. It investigated dress from the inter-war period, an era that saw significant changes in fashion. The resulting online resource includes film clips, stills, descriptions, contextual information and links to further archival sources. This article iscusses the Screen Search Fashion project and presents three case studies showing how the films a...


In his geographical treatise of 1537, the Portuguese chronicler D. João de Castra explained that it would be possible to correlate all newly discovered lands with astronomical markers to produce an accurate map of the world. The result would be, he wrote, a "true and perfect geography." The movement toward this vision, from the cartographic revolution of thirteenth-century Portolan charts to the use of surveying to map colonial territories in the nineteenth century, is a compelling narrative of the rationalization of space, and of the reinforcement of this trend by the pursuit of European imperial interests.


OBJECTIVE
To explore and map the current literature on the nutritional impact of symptoms reported by adult survivors of critical illness who are eating orally after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge.

INTRODUCTION
Survivors of critical care often experience ICU-acquired weakness and poor functional recovery. It is plausible that nutrition interventions throughout their recovery could improve outcomes for these patients. Although a growing number of studies aim to explore the effect of nutrition delivered in the early phases of critical illness, this is also important post-ICU, particularly in already nutritionally compromised patients presenting with muscle loss and fatigue. Therefore, the development of targeted nutrition interventions will be informed by a comprehensive insight into the physiological, physical or psychological difficulties that critically ill patients experience after ICU discharge which may impede oral intake.

INCLUSION CRITERIA
Primary research studies in adult patients 18 years and older, who are in the recovery phase after being critically ill, and eating orally. Studies must report on any symptoms related to the ability to eat, or represent nutrition inadequacy or utilization.

METHODS
A scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology using a three-step search strategy of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and JBI Evidence-based Practice Database to obtain primary research studies that meet the inclusion criteria. Duplicates will be removed, and study selection and data extraction will be conducted and cross-checked by two independent reviewers. Data synthesis will involve presenting the results in tabular form.


Sea surface temperature variability in the tropical North Atlantic has far‐reaching climate impacts, especially in causing weather extremes in the Atlantic Ocean‐rim countries. El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can drive the tropical North Atlantic warming/cooling via the trans‐basin atmospheric bridge mechanism, yet how this interbasin connection will respond to greenhouse warming is unclear. Here, we find an enhanced eastern Pacific ENSO‐tropical North Atlantic connection under greenhouse warming using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) multimodel projections. This enhanced connection is attributed to the strengthened Pacific‐to‐Atlantic atmospheric bridge mechanism due to a faster warming in the tropical eastern Pacific than tropical Atlantic under greenhouse warming. Thus, ENSO‐induced anomalous tropical North Atlantic warming/cooling and its related weather extremes are expected to increase in the future.


Drug development usually delivers a single recommended dose level providing good efficacy relative to safety for the patient population. This is sufficient for health authority approval and simple to use. But advances in technology are making it easier to tailor dosing for each patient to overcome the response variability inevitable with fixed doses. Changing patient, prescriber, and payer expectations will require this. Drug developers must change their approach to deliver precision dosing for new medicines.


It is very important to measure the electric parameters real and accurately in the monitoring of electric system and powerrelay protection.Present a system based on computer and network instruments,including the constitution,feature,structure of hardware and the design concept.The excellence of the system is simple,stable,reliable and convenient to monitor.


This invention relates to the use of a polysaccharide such as polidextran to enhance cleaning mucosa. In the present invention, dextran is shown to reduce the viscoelasticity and increase the removal of mucus esputum of cystic fibrosis patients. Dextran also reduces the viscoelasticity of mucus from healthy dogs. The present invention can be used to enhance the cleaning or removal of mucus in patients with cystic fibrosis and treatment of other disorders associated with defect in clearing mucus from the airways including chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and bronchial asthma.


Objective: To study the change and clinical significance of serum C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and leucocyte (WBC) in children with bacterial pneumonia. Methods: The levels of serum CRP, ESR and WBC of 118 cases of children with bacterial pneumonia were determined during the early stage and the recovery period. Results: In the 118 cases of children, 93.2% showed increased CRP, 63.6% showed increased WBC, 52.5% showed increased ESR. CRP and WBC came down in recovery period, the decrease of CRP was maximal. Conclusion: Detecting serum CRP and WBC is helpful to diagnose bacterial pneumonia, detecting CRP is helpful to evaluate the efficacy of bacterial pneumonia.


We made a HfO2 nanoantenna from HfO2-thin films by using a combination of nanoimprint lithography and reactive ion etching. The nanoantenna comprising hexagonal lattice of HfO2 nanodisks sustains electric and magnetic surface lattice resonances (SLRs) in the UV region, originating from radiative coupling between the local electric and magnetic dipoles via in-plane diffraction or Rayleigh anomaly. We also crystallized the HfO2 nanoantenna by annealing. In spite of the crystallization, the refractive index did not change notably and thus the spectral shape of the SLR changed only slightly.


This study reports the outcomes of comparing three methods to carry out a physics laboratory with active learning strategies: Tutorials in Introductory Physics (Tutorials) and RealTime Physics (RTP). A sample of 476 students was divided into three groups, about one third of the students used Tutorials, another third used RTP, and the last third used RTP with graphing calculators and probes. A multiple choice test was used to find that the three groups had statistically-significant differences on conceptual understanding of current concepts. Additionally, it was found differences in gains among the three groups using a multiple-choice pretest and posttest. With an analysis of misconceptions it was found that an important portion of students still holding misconceptions. The change of instruction seems to affect conceptual understanding when students have to analyze difficult circuits. Besides, it was found that students still holding misconceptions, they continue using terms like current and voltage interchangeably.


The increased fatigue loads and decreased power output of a wind turbine placed in the wake of another turbine is a well-known problem when building new wind power farms. In order to better estimat ...


Introduciton - global humanization and me labour and the internationalization of New Zealand the violence of stability - Argentina in the 1990s women workers in Russia during the transition from Communism women workers and transition house work in Canada meat, race and unionization in Kansas City, Kansas, 1880-1904 labour - the poetry of the future.


85 Background: In 2012, approximately 140,000 patients (more than 16 new cases each hour) were diagnosed with cancer in California. Yet there is little useful information about the quality of cancer care to help patients, providers and payers make decisions about care.

METHODS
In 2012, the California HealthCare Foundation, an Oakland-based independent nonprofit philanthropy, launched an initiative focused on improving cancer care quality measurement and public reporting in the State. Since then, the Foundation has funded a number of projects aimed at filling information gaps: development of an interactive map and reports with data about the variation of care for breast and prostate cancer in California using State discharge and registry data (May 2013); development of a Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) patient experience of cancer care survey instrument (with NCI and AHRQ, in progress); exploratory analytic work to determine the feasibility of measuring and reporting the number of cancer procedures performed by hospitals using State discharge data, for procedures where there is an established volume-outcome link (with Stanford University, in progress); exploratory analytic work to determine the feasibility of measuring cancer care quality at the medical group level in California (with Integrated Healthcare Association; in progress); a report on cancer care spending in California (with Dana Farber, in progress).

RESULTS
Significant challenges exist at the state level to provide information for improved decision-making about cancer care. Among them: access to data, especially cancer registry data that importantly includes detailed diagnostic information; lack of clinical outcome and patient experience measures; time needed to engage partners; and costs of carrying out quality measurement projects.

CONCLUSIONS
This presentation would review efforts underway in California, providing a view of the challenges and opportunities at the state level for cancer quality measurement and public reporting. This presentation could be conceived as part of an interactive break-out session with 1-2 other panelists with real-world experience.


With the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) recently reauthorized for five years and recent legal developments regarding consistency, this is the ideal time to revisit the question: are the CZMA consistency provisions an effective mechanism to mitigate impacts due to offshore oil and gas development on the Outer Continental Shelf? This paper analyzes the objectives of the consistency provisions and reviews the framework and implementation of the consistency process. The consistency provisions are discussed in light of two legal cases and Commerce appeals, which have influenced the coastal states' ability to influence OCS leasing and development decisions which directly impact their coastlines.


This paper explores the use of social media in academic libraries for marketing purposes. It is suggested that, to date, academic libraries' use of social media has focused predominantly on the promotion of library services and resources and that the dialogic potential of social media has not been fully exploited. A review of the LIS literature indicates that although there have been many studies and reports of social media use by libraries, investigations of how libraries can promote engagement with stakeholders through social media are scarce. The paper introduces the Strategic Social Media Marketing Framework (SSMMF) and considers how academic libraries might apply it when considering the management of their social media marketing.


A greenhouse solution culture experiment was conducted to study the interactions of Ca, K and Mn supply on the concentration of 7 elements in bark tissues of 'Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh) trees as related to internal bark necrosis (IBN). Under a regime of low Ca and high Mn, IBN symptoms developed late in the second growing season on the scion barks but not on the rootstock bark. Both the degree of severity and the incidence of the disorder increased with increasing K levels. Low Ca and high Mn concentrations in the barks are apparently necessary for the development of IBN, and under these conditions K affects the degree of severity. It is suggested that the higher K concentrations enhanced Mn toxicity by lowering the threshold for Mn-induced IBN, while Ca responded as a detoxifying agent. Low concentrations of B and P may contribute to IBN development, while Mg and Fe were not related to symptom development.


I kicked off Day 53 with a short meeting regarding the trajectory of the Training Project with Andy P and James Box. We had a


Ce:(Y 1 − x ?> Lu x ?> ) 3 ?> Al 5 ?> O 12 ?> single-crystals are investigated in detail as phosphors for high-brightness LEDs and LDs. It is demonstrated that single-crystal phosphor plates (SCPPs) present very advantageous characteristics in comparison with standard powder phosphors. On the one side, the very high quantum efficiency of the SCPPs does not decrease with the temperature increase, and on the other side, the SCPPs possess a high thermal conductivity, so that these can be efficiently cooled to avoid device overheating. The optical properties of these SCPPs are investigated from room temperature to 300 ° C ?> . Ce:Y 3 ?> Al 5 ?> O 12 ?> SCPPs are adequate for high-brightness cool white light sources. Instead, Ce:(Y 1 − x ?> Lu x ?> ) 3 ?> Al 5 ?> O 12 ?> SCPPs, whose emission shifts to the green with the Lu concentration, are very promising for neutral and warm white light sources in conjunction with a red-phosphor. It is shown that these white sources exhibit a color rendering over 90 for a wide range of excitation and SCPP emission wavelengths.


During the last years we can observe reform movements in higher education caused to a large extent by the configuration of a new type of society, the information society. The characteristics of this new social paradigm are going to demand more than ever a higher education that does not leave aside crucial aspects as the morals and the ethics in the development of the university students, of the future professionals of the organizations. In some university centres highly significant steps have begun to be taken, steps that treat the ethical education like an educational need for the students and an educational requirement for the teaching staff. We analyse in this article the state of the question and promote an ethical education in the university, an education that represents an authentic process of education and learning, and that therefore, implies especially professors and students and all the university community in general.


In this paper, we utilize conocimiento as a method to work towards Coyolxauhqui consciousness, and recorded pláticas where we examine our experiences as two Queer Latina, early-career practitioners in student affairs. This work was our effort to understand, process, and heal from experiences that have been oppressive, hurtful, and damaging to us. We do this by using practices, methods, and tools of analysis that honor our cultural practices and understandings of ourselves and the world. The findings from our work point to the complexity of our experience and we present this complexity through utilizing the nuance in the Spanish language. The themes that emerged were: The Labor of Being La Unica, Eliminating Historias, Fuerte, Sin Remedio, Viviendo Con Coraje, and La Arcoíris Fragmentada.


Lack of a fully vehicular topology view and restricted vehicles' movement to streets with the time-varying traffic light conditions have caused drastic gaps in the traditional vehicular routing protocols. A hierarchical traffic light-aware routing scheme called HIFS is proposed in this paper using fuzzy reinforcement learning and software-defined network (SDN) to fill these gaps. At the first level of our HIFS scheme, a utility-based intersections selection policy is presented using fuzzy logic that jointly considers delay estimation, curve distance, and predicted of moving vehicles towards intersections. Then, a fuzzy logic-based path selection policy is proposed to choose the paths with highest flexibility against the intermittent connectivity and increased traffic loads. Residual bandwidth, Euclidean distance, angular orientation, and congestion are considered inputs of the fuzzy logic system. Meanwhile, traffic light states and nodes' information are used to tune the output fuzzy membership functions via reinforcement learning algorithm. The efficiency of our scheme in controlling ambiguity and uncertainty of the vehicular environment is confirmed through simulations in various vehicle densities and different traffic lights duration. Simulation results show our HIFS scheme's superiority over the state-of-the-art methods in terms of delivery ratio, average delay, path length, and routing overhead.


While for some immigrants contemporary Europe is a paradise, others consider it an evil and a plague, which should be fought with fire. It is the battlefield between the Western culture and the culture brought from the south with the influx of the Muslim population, which leads to the erosion of the former. Refugees who mingled with radical Islamic warriors penetrate the borders of the EU. Some people try to live alongside their native inhabitants, set up their enclaves, profess their faith, and enforce their laws, especially Sharia law. This behavior of the Muslims directly affects the possibilities of preserving and nourishing the values that determine the national and religious identity of local communities. As a consequence, it poses an immediate threat to the security of the cultural state. Constant anxiety and fear for their lives and health as well as the good of the culture fuel the ongoing terrorist attacks carried out by current Islamists as well as their children and grandchildren who have been recruited and drawn to faith in Allah.


Objective: The present study to carry out the anti-diarrhoeal activity of leaf extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum and Dodonea viscosa in different experimental models of diarrhoea. Methods: The acute toxicity of the extracts were determined, LD 50was calculated according to the "Up and down method" following OECD guidelines No. 425 of CPCSEA. The anti-diarrhoeal potential was assessed by castor oil induced diarrhea. Gastro-intestinal motility test and Prostaglandin-E 2 Results: The alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum and Dodonea viscosa have exhibited the dose dependant antidiarrhoeal activity in all the three experimental models by reducing the frequency of defecation as well as total weight of wet faeces, decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract and also decrease in the oedema volume in the intestine (intestinal secretion) of the drug treated animals with the respective models of diarrhea. induced enteropooling in experimental animals.


The delivery of a beam with characteristics appropriate to the filling of the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) proton-proton collider requires that the CERN PS complex provide a beam whose transverse particle density exceeds, by a factor of three, the highest currently attained. The beam dynamics operations and the associated hardware modifications which would be required to achieve this goal are considered. The approach favored involves filling the Proton Synchrotron (PS) with two pulses from the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) and requires and RF quadrupole (RFQ2) as a preinjector for the linac (LINAC2), an increase of the PSB extraction energy and additional RF systems, both in the PSB and PS.<<ETX>>


Poultry health and welfare are important for maintaining sustainable and safe food production. In the UK alone, in excess of 900 million broiler chickens are farmed annually with demand continuously increasing. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of the extraintestinal syndromic poultry disease colibacillosis, which has a major impact on poultry health and is a considerable economic burden to the global poultry industry. The need for disease control is of paramount importance. Little is known about the epidemiology, population dynamics and infection biology of APEC in UK broiler chickens. This knowledge would contribute to the implementation of control measures.
This investigation comprised: one longitudinal field study in commercial flocks aimed at simultaneously identifying potential APEC (pAPEC) in the intestinal tract of healthy birds and extraintestinal E. coli in diseased birds, one study determining the contribution of E. coli to early flock mortalities and a series of in vitro experiments and genetic analyses characterising both extraintestinal and avian faecal E. coli isolated from UK broiler chickens. E. coli were subjected to virulotyping, phylogenetic typing, macro-restriction pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The extraintestinal E. coli isolates from diseased birds represent a diverse genetic population. Furthermore, as broiler chickens age, the prevalence of pAPEC in the gastrointestinal tract decreases. The intestinal tract of day-old chicks contains considerable levels of pAPEC (24.05% of the faecal population sampled), while ~70% of early mortalities relate to extraintestinal E. coli infections, possibly originating from the gut. In vitro, pAPEC did not appear to invade intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting the respiratory route is likely to be favourable for dissemination, although pAPEC are cytotoxic and may disrupt epithelial integrity prior to dissemination. There were no significant differences in the intracellular persistence of APEC and faecal E. coli in cultured avian macrophages and survival in serum; challenges encountered by E. coli during dissemination. Overall, this investigation highlights the diverse spectrum of E. coli associated with extraintestinal disease in commercial broiler production and the need to determine the contribution of host susceptibility to disease manifestation.


The purpose of this study is to describe the effectiveness of cooperative learning model Type Everyone is A Teacher Here (ETH) in learning mathematics on circumference and perimeter of twodimentional figure material in class XI SMKT Somba Opu Sungguminasa Kab. Gowa and describes learning outcomes, responses, activities, learning independence, and students' mathematical communication skills through the implementation of cooperative learning model type Everyone is A Teacher Here (ETH). This type of research is a pre-experiment research involving one class (One Group) as an experimental class, with sample selection using Simple Random Sampling technique. The results showed that the implementation of cooperative learning model type Everyone is A Teacher Here (ETH) on the material and Area Width of Flat in the category well done. Implementation of ETH type of cooperative learning model on mobile material and Broadband Building in grade XI SMKT Somba Opu Sungguminasa Kab. Gowa is effectively reviewed from aspects of learning outcomes, learning activities, responses, mathematical communication skills and student learning independence.


The optimal investment proportion and the beginning investment poi nt are two basic characters of the firm's investment on human capital under uncert ain conditions. The firm's anticipation to employee's behavior and the function of production are two main factors that influence the two basic characters.


The third session of the ISSCT workshop on sugar losses covers chemical losses. The session will review mechanisms of sucrose degradation, consider strategies for chemical loss analysis, and present case studies. To introduce the subject, the mechanisms of sucrose loss reactions are briefly reviewed here. An objective of the session is to explore how loss measurement strategies, associated experimental errors and statistical analysis of significant differences relate to design of experiments aimed at demonstrating improvements resulting from process modification.


FinFETs electrostatics depends largely on the fin width (WFIN). Herein we demonstrate that an optimal WFIN exists at which the variability is minimized. We present in this work that at higher WFIN, degraded electrostatics causes both gate edge roughness (GER) and line edge roughness (LER) based variability to degrade. On the other hand, at lower WFIN, LER induced quantum confinement (QC) strongly degrades variability [1]. Thus an optimized WFIN/LG ratio for different technology nodes based on variability is obtained, which is nearly 0.33. The obtained ratio is in the range of electrostatics thumb-rule for WFIN/LG (=0.25-0.5) [2]. Also, at constant LER/GER 3σ (=2 nm), VT variability increases strongly with scaling. To enable constant VT variability, the LER/GER 3σ (in nm) patterning variability requirement is also presented.


Zhao Yi struggled for more than 20 years on the road of the imperial civil service examination;from then on he always lived in the shadow of the imperial civil service examination.A clear view can be traced in some aspects of the imperial civil service examination system in Qing dynasty by the window of the Zhao's experiences of imperial civil service examination.This may not only promote the literature research of Zhao Yi as well as the life of Zhao Yi,but also may promote the research of writer's psychology,also may help to enhance understanding about the imperial civil service examination,and comes up the understanding of imperial civil service examination essence from the system stratification plane.


The classical Shannon-McMillan's fundamental limit theorem concerns the asymptotic behaviour of the probability of n-letter blocks produced by a discrete stationary source. In the case of abstract-alphabet sources we replace naturally the above probability by some probability density. Instead of individual sources we, thus, need now pairs of sources, the one dominating (in the sense of absolute continuity) the other for every finite n. Generalized versions of Shannon-McMillan's limit theorem as developed by the author from 1956 and followed by other authors (for a summary of this development cf. Perez (1962)) concern, thus, the asymptotic behaviour of the corresponding RadonNikodym density resp. of the entropy density, as called by M. S. Pinsker the logarithm of the former. Since in the essence this theory contributes to the study of the asymptotic behaviour of the likelihood ratio, it is important as well for Information Theory as for Mathematical Statistics (for instance, in generalizing the Chernoff's result on the asymptotic discernibility of two random processes; cf. Perez (1972)). The aim of the present paper is to prove that the conditions for the validity of the generalized version of the Shannon-McMillan's limit theorem for pairs of stationary random processes as given in Perez (1972) are not only sufficient but (in a certain


The invention relates to the cigarette preparing technology field, and concretely provides a preparation method for cigarette generating smoke based on combination of combustion and distillation and a processing device. The processing device comprises a cigarette machine tobacco shred molding pipeline (1). A tobacco shred feeding opening (5) is arranged in the tobacco shred molding pipeline. The processing device is characterized in that, a trumpet-shaped inner circle tobacco rod feeding inlet (2) is arranged inside the cigarette machine tobacco shred molding pipeline (1). The forepart of the inner circle tobacco rod feeding inlet (2) exceeds the closest end of the tobacco shred feeding opening (5) of the tobacco shred molding pipeline (1). A guide rail (4) is arranged outside the inner circle tobacco rod feeding inlet (2). The prepared cigarette can provide tobacco combustion and mixed smoke generated from distillation at the same time for consumers, so the cigarette products can provide satisfaction from tobacco combustion for consumers and elegant smoke, with low harm and high quality, from tobacco distillation.


In the plant family Solanaceae (night shadow plants) the genus Solanum is a very large group of about 1400 species found throughout in the temperate and tropical regions of the world like Solanum aviculare (Europe, New Zealand), S. dulcamara (Europe), S. incanum (Africa), S. khasianum (Indian subcontinent), S. laciniatum (New Zealand, Australia), S. nigrum (cosmopolite), S. pseudocapsicum (an ornamental, cultivated in greenhouses), S. tuberosum (potatoe) and S. melongena (eggplant, aubergine). These are the most prominent plants because they are growing or cultivated worldwide and/or are used commercially. Here we especially deal with following species being applied as medicines according to the new literature.


Over the last decade there has been a growing realization that phosphatases are extremely important in cellular and organismal functions1}. Tautomycin, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (PP) 1 and 2A, was isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces spiroverticillatus in 19872). The structure that we established in 19903) showed some similarities with that of okadaic acid, and the target protein of okadaic acid had already been found to be protein phosphatase in 19884). Indeed, it was later found that the target proteins of tautomycin were also protein phosphatases5'6). However, this molecule is not a tumor promoter on mouseskin and in rat glandular stomach7). These differences in biological activities between tautomycin and the okadaic acid class tumor promoters are interesting topics in structural biology. The threedimensional structures of the related compoundacanthifolicin8) and the obromobenzyl ester derivative of


We assessed physicochemical and biological continuity in an 800-m reach of a small (<2 m wide) headwater stream during 2010 and 2012 in the northcentral U.S. Dense riparian canopy covered the first 600 m of stream reach, was lacking in an approximately 100-m portion due to historical (>10 years previously) agriculture, and returned in the last 100 m of the study area. Reflecting this difference, the forested area had less sunlight penetration to the water level and greater volume of woody debris in the stream. There was no difference in specific conductance or pH among sites. Water temperature was lower in the upstream forested sites and higher in the non-forested site and those downstream of it. Dissolved oxygen exhibited a reciprocal trend with temperature. The non-forested site exhibited an abrupt change in biological continuity as indicated by a decrease in benthic macroinvertebrate and adult caddisfly shredder abundance, an increase in filtering collector and scraper abundance, a decrease in trout abundance, and an increase in both total and warm-water fish species. The stream returned to its previous state when canopy returned downstream. Both years of the study yielded similar results. Our results indicate that abrupt changes in riparian canopy can lead to similarly abrupt changes in biological continuity, often within a relatively short (100 m) distance.


SUMMARY X-ray microanalysis has confirmed, and measured, the phosphorus content (003 g cm-3) of cytochemically-demonstrated polyphosphate granules in onion mycoirhizas. The volume occupied by the granules measured from stereoscopic high-voltage electron micrographs of thick sections was 0-8 % of the fungal volume, and cytoplasmic streaming rates of the extramatrical mycelium in soil measured in the light microscope were around 12-6 cm h-1. From these data a flux rate of about 2-7 x 10-8 mol P cm-2 s-1 has been calculated, which fulfils the hypothesis that phosphorus is translocated in the fungus by means of the transport of polyphosphate granules by cytoplasmic streaming.


Research Resource: The CSPP specializes in comparative public policy research. Since 1991 it has developed a unique programme of cross-national cross-time surveys to monitor the transformation of post-Communist societies. In collaboration with the Paul Lazarsfeld Society, Vienna, more than 80 surveys have been completed and more are being planned.


Producers of the various industrial gases are coping with several different demand pressures. For some gases, such as nitrogen and argon (a small-volume but important gas), demand is strong, and producers are running their plants for optimum production. For certain other gases, such as oxygen and hydrogen, demand has become lackluster. And for carbon dioxide, the problem of inadequate low-cost feedstock holds down the amount that producers can sell. For those gases whose demand is increasing, producers not unexpectedly are adding to capacity and raising prices. However, price increases, most of which were effective May 1, have been modest, probably just covering the increased costs of electricity, a major expense in operating air separation plants used to produce oxygen, nitrogen, and argon. Programs to reduce costs also have been put in place, spurred by the declines in demand during the past recession, which led to low plant operating rates and to the closing of considerable ...


An enhanced pulsed mode for RF measurements based on synchronized repetitive signals is proposed, with the unique capability to manage repetitive sets of pulses and consequently to investigate the pulse-to-pulse behavior of high power active devices. This new technology is applied to a sampler-based NVNA (Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzers), without any dynamical losses. Burst of Pulses measurements of high power AlGaN/GaN transistors are performed in a multi-harmonic passive load-pull environment. Time domain waveforms and S21 pulse-to-pulse phase within the burst are acquired and discussed.


Agricultural beneficial management practices (BMPs) are popular strategies for mitigating non-point sources of pollution. There are economic costs for BMP placement on agricultural lands mainly because it affects profit margins of farm operations. Given the cost implication and biophysical heterogeneity of farm lands, 8 the spatial targeting of BMP placement is consequential to their cost-effectiveness. 9 Most BMPs are applied over several years, while farm production costs, crop yield and prices vary annually. Thus, BMP placement is fraught with complex spatiotemporal variabilities. Consequently, this study investigates spatiotemporal variability of BMP economic costs, to better target BMP placement and enhances their cost-effectiveness. A methodology based on rough sets has been developed to estimate BMP economic costs by accounting for the space-time variability of input variables. The method has been illustrated for three BMPs in Fairchild Creek watershed in southern Ontario, Canada. Validation of the output was undertaken by comparing its BMP cost against known costs. The results show 80% similarity between the estimate and known values. The findings demonstrate the rough sets approach as highly capable to effectively determine BMP economic costs, together with its flexibility to accommodate limited and extended time periods which make it suitable for use with practical data.


• Editorial Board The present online newsletter is addressing the topic "Risks & Challenges to Data Protection in COVID – 19 era", giving accent to the cyberspace security landscape dynamics during the first wave of the pandemic lockdown. Further details are also given to the expectations of the postlockdown effects and the plausible & implausible cyber security expectations for the near future in COVID-19 age. Some supplementary explanations of the defined cyber security landscape dynamics are also discussed.


In 1879 William Gowers, the eminent British neurologist, painted a remarkably lucid word picture of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in his series of lectures on pseudohypertrophic muscular paralysis, published in the Lancet.' This disease, he said, is one of the most interesting, and at the same time most sad, of all those with which we have to deal; interesting because of its peculiar features and mysterious nature; sad on account of our powerlessness to influence its course. Almost exactly a century later Duchenne dystrophy found itself at the centre of one of the most exciting breakthroughs in the modern science of molecular genetics. It was the first genetic disorder in which a previously unknown biochemical abnormality was resolved by the process of reversed genetics, with initial location, isolation and cloning of the gene and then identifying the protein it encodes. Moreover, we now seem to be on the verge of treating the disease by one or other of the potential routes of gene therapy. This would certainly have delighted Gowers. At the same time molecular genetics has generated a most complex and almost totally incomprehensible new jargon of its own, which must surely have turned Gowers in his grave. The muscular dystrophies, a term first coined by Erb in 1891, are a group of genetically determined disorders characterized by degeneration of skeletal muscle and no associated structural abnormality in the central or peripheral nervous system. They have been subdivided into various clinical types on the basis of the clinical distribution and severity of muscle weakness, and the mode of inheritance. The rate of progression of the disease is also variable and some, such as congenital muscular dystrophy, may remain relatively static or even show functional improvement over time. Some of the animal models of the dystrophies may be devoid of any clinical weakness as may some of the milder variants of, for example, Becker dystrophy, which can present solely with cramps on exercise.1'2 The main breakthrough has been in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, or the Xp2l dystrophies as some would now have us call them. The location of the gene for the X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy on the long arm of the X chromosome at Xq28 was discovered a few years back3 but there has as yet been no further progress in its resolution. The locus for the dominantly inherited facioscapulohumeral dystrophy on the long arm of chromosome 4 has only recently been found4 and other dystrophies such as the autosomal recessive congenital dystrophy and limb girdle dystrophy will undoubtedly follow suit once sufficient collaborative clinical and laboratory effort is concentrated on them.


Past research has shown that the ideal MT system should be modular and devoid of language pair specific information in its design. We describe here the assembly of TAMTAM (Traduction Automatique Microsoft), the French-English research MT system under development at Microsoft, which was constructed from a combination of pre-existing rule-based components and automatically created components. At this stage, the system has not been adapted either computationally or linguistically to the French-English context and yet it performs only slightly below the French-English Systran system in independent blind human evaluations


political science, anthropology, and biology. uncertainty surrounding the behavior of other Real-world applications of game theory Exploring a variety of games, the It and case newly developed software applications that can construct and solve game theory models and present strategic options in clear, visual diagrams. Out of the box and into the business world Striking the right balance between necessary mathematics and practical applications, this book shows how game theory can be used in real life, not just in mathematical models. It helps readers improve their strategic thinking, define games based on actual situations, model games with payoffs and probabilities, and make strategically sound decisions.


C onsiderable research has been devoted to the problem of multimedia indexing and retrieval in the past decade. However, limited by the state of the art in image understanding, the majority of the existing content based image retrieval (CBIR) systems have taken a relatively low-level approach and fallen short of higher-level interpretation and knowledge. Recent research has begun to focus on bridging the semantic and conceptual gap that exists between man and computer by integrating knowledge-based techniques, human perception, scene content understanding, psychology, and linguistics. In this article, we provide an overview of exploiting context for semantic scene content understanding. Context is critical in humans' recognition process, where the human visual system makes extensive use of the environment to facilitate object detection (e.g., where are the pedestrians? should we look around sidewalks?) [1]. Likewise, it can be used to improve the performance of automated systems for semantic indexing and retrieval of mul-timedia data. In this article, we intend to present a unique perspective on systematically exploiting a broad array of


The ability of ß‐endorphin (ß‐END) to release prolactin and the ability of naloxone to block prolactin's release when delivered to specific hypothalamic areas via push‐pull perfusion was studied in unrestrained, conscious, Ovariectomized rats. Perfusion of either the arcuate nucleus or the preoptic area with ß‐END for 15 to 30 min caused a large, brief increase in plasma prolactin levels. Perfusion for a longer time period (120 min) resulted in peak prolactin levels at 60 min, with a return to baseline by 120 min, suggesting that ß‐END primarily acts to induce a sequence of events that culminates in prolactin release, but other factors are needed to maintain this release over long periods of time. Perfusion of the arcuate nucleus for two 15‐min periods 90 min apart resulted in two surges of prolactin. When naloxone, the opiate receptor antagonist, was added to the perfusate, ß‐END was not capable of stimulating prolactin release. These results provide a model to answer whether endogenous ß‐END has a role in the neuroendocrine regulation of prolactin surges and what the location is of the opiate neurons involved in this neuronal pathway.


This paper presents the development of a carbon fiber composite driveshaft in the fields of industry.Finite element methods are employed to analyze the critical rotational speed、torsion property and joint strength.Filament winding and composite molding technology was used to produce the composite driveshaft.The experimental results show that the product has reached the requirements of the use.


Quantitative changes in organelle volume, number, and area during cotyledon cell development in Phaseolus vulgaris are described during the early period of reserve protein synthesis. Rough ER undergoes a 400-fold increase in area per cell, and also changes in shape; changes in mitochondrial volume do not parallel the changes which occur in respiration rate; nuclear volume increases, and relationships between cell and nuclear volume, DNA content, and cell weight are discussed; plastid


When it developed to the two han dynasties,compared with the pre-qin,the Jie prose became more enriched with regard to its types and the time had witnessed a grest increase in number of the kind that reflected people's family attitudes of the two han dynasties.The article is going to explore on these two distinct characteristics diachronically with the purpose of having a deeper research on the characteristics of the Jie prose of the period.


Aluminized high explosives are known to give better underwater performance. All explosive formulations for underwater targets are filled into warheads and shells by casting method. TNT, a high explosive is used as casting medium due to its lower melting point. Plastic bonded explosives are fast replacing TNT-based high explosive formulations for the reasons that they are more insensitive and low vulnerable explosives with better shelf life. Few aluminized plastic bonded explosive formulations based on RDX, aluminum, and HTPB have been processed, varying the aluminum content from 0 to 35% and evaluated underwater. The present paper discusses the experimental methodology adopted to evaluate the above formulations for their ballistic parameters, viz., peak over pressure and impulse. Explosion bulge tests have been conducted with each explosive formulation and extent of bulge in test plates is presented and compared with a standard underwater explosive, viz., HBX-3.


This document describes a methodology for deploying alternate, non-
backwards-compatible, DNS Security (DNSSEC) methodologies in an
experimental fashion without disrupting the deployment of standard
DNSSEC. [STANDARDS-TRACK]


The objective of the study is to compare the results of virtual autopsy and traditional autopsy and then to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of them. three cases with postmortem computed tomography (CT) examination and autopsy were selected. The CT images were sent to radiologists for interpretation and were compared with autopsy results. In the cases of death in traffic accidents, the two examination conclusions are relatively consistent; in the cases of sudden cardiac death, the information provided by virtual autopsy is limited; virtual autopsy has more strength on showing some lesions such as pneumatosis and fracture. Virtual autopsy has high application value in traffic accident cases, while its application in some sudden death cases remains to be improved.


Abstract : This paper will evaluate cost overruns from a microeconomic perspective to determine their root causes. The specific variables that will be evaluated are: contract budget fluctuations, contract length, inflation, procurement budget fluctuation, research and development budget fluctuation, the technology readiness of the commodity, and industry concentration. These variables will be evaluated twice. The first evaluation will consist of a binary choice model to determine whether or not the dependent variables influence the likelihood of a cost overrun. The specific form of the evaluation will take the form of a probit regression in which an independent variable value of zero indicates the contract did not overrun its initial contract budget baseline and one indicates the contract cost more than its initial baseline. The second evaluation will regress the dependent variables against the natural logarithm of the magnitude of a cost overrun to determine whether or not they influence the amount a contract overruns its initial baseline. This study will show that budget variability, inflation, industry consolidation and immature technologies increase the likelihood that a contract will overrun its budget.


Although multitasking and multiprocessing have become common features of microprocessor operating sytems, rarely can the software support multiple processors. One exception is the IMAX operating sytem, written in ADA and running on IAPX 432 general-purpose data processors. By keeping tasks independent of the processors which operate on them, IMAX makes multiprocessing transparent. The 432's multiprocessing architecture solves the problem of keeping task dispatching independent of processors. The system is described.


The study focuses on the role of social media in pushing subjects to suicides among the age group of 15-29 in Russia where the prevalence of suicides remains among the highest in the world (30 place as of 2017). There was an assumption that "death groups" with suicidal games in social media could be a leading cause of suicides. The primary research was conducted from January 2016 to February 2018 on all accounts of the social media Vkontakte, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Ask.fm, Ответы.mail, Youtube, Odnoklassniki, Russian-language blogs and forums. The study was divided into two parts: automated and manual. For the manual study, 40 "death groups", 400 participants in "death groups", 400 accounts with signs of depression and 400 accounts with an expressed desire to commit suicide were analyzed. Methods of analysis included open data source analysis; analysis of statistical data; methods of mathematical statistics. The obtained data formed the basis for the development of a linguistic model for automated monitoring of social media. For the automated part, the system of automatic monitoring of social media was applied. At-risk accounts were identified based on linguistic markers that showed signs of risk of suicidal behavior. It was established that "death groups" account only for 1% of the total number of accounts with suicidal behavior, and, therefore, cannot serve as a guide for detecting at-risk accounts. Suicidal markers in social media reveal the need for self-expression and draw attention to one's personality. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


Submitted for the DNP10 Meeting of The American Physical Society High Speed Readout of the Cathode Signal for the NIFFTE TPC BRANDON COOMBES, Abilene Christian University — The goal of the Neutron Induced Fission Fragment Tracking Experiment (NIFFTE) is to use a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to improve the precision of the measurements of the major actinides cross sections. To make these high precision cross section measurements, the start time of each fission event needs to be determined from the TPC cathode with less than 1ns resolution. High speed readout of the cathode signal allows the longitudinal postion of the fission fragment track to be more accurately reconstructed. The current readout TDCs give about 20ns timing resolution. To improve the timing resolution, a new scheme was developed where the cathode signal is split and allowed to propagate through delay lines of different lengths. Then all of the signals are analyzed to better determine the start time. This poster will concentrate on the design and testing done to improve the timing resolution and how this will improve the quality of track reconstruction of these fission events. Brandon Coombes Abilene Christian University Date submitted: 30 Jul 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


........................................................................................................................................ x CHAPTER 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Background ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Sentiment Analysis ....................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Crime Prediction and Classification ............................................................................. 3 1.3 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.5 Research Questions ............................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Significance of Study ........................................................................................................... 5 1.7 Thesis Structure................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2: Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 8 2.


The utility model relates to a modular assembly jig of an accessory of a freight car underframe. The modular assembly jig comprises: a left platform, a central platform and a right platform which are sequentially connected; a left and a right support platforms for supporting the freight car underframe are respectively arranged at the centers of the left platform and the right platform; the same sides of the left and the right support platforms are arranged at modular platforms of left and right anti-derailment valves for assembling the left and right anti-derailment valves; the modular platform of a brake cylinder base for assembling the brake cylinder base and the modular platform of a 120 valve base for assembling the 120 valve base are arranged on the central platform. The modular assembly jig of the accessory of the freight car underframe of the embodiment has simple structure and can ensure the assembly precision, reduce the work intensity of the assembly of the accessory of the underframe, lower the installation difficulty and improve the productivity.


This paper presents a scheme of W-band coherent Doppler velocity radar front-end, which can be used to measure the velocity of target ranging from 10m/s to 2000m/s. After the comparison of the advantage and disadvantage of several schemes, the scheme using the phase-locked dielectric resonator oscillator (PLDRO) and direct digital synthesis (DDS) is chosen. The two coherent X-band signals are produced by mixer and power-divider mechanism of the PLDRO and DDS. Then, transmitting signal and receiver LO is obtained by the 8th-order multiplier from the two X-band signals. The superheterodyne receiver is adopted to increase the system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The finished key components have good performance, indicating that the scheme increases the sensitivity and the resolution of the radar.


A new system for determining all the health and social care needs of older people at home in one go will not be underpinned by a single national assessment tool.


An empirical method is proposed for the correction of spectral interference between characteristic lines in XRF. The procedure is based on a coefficient which includes instrumental parameters and atomic properties and is obtained with the same standards as those used in calibration. This method has shown to be valid in the range of concentration studied. The application of the method to the interference of Rb Kβ1 on Y Kα in silicate rocks is described. Experimental proof was demonstrated using Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) and samples analysed in other laboratories. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Aims: In a developing country like India, where proper medical care and obstetrical facilities are still scarce in the rural areas, Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. With limited resources, early diagnosis and treatment, if crucial, may not be achieved. Objective of this study is to evaluate the role of Micro ESR in the diagnosis of suspected neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional hospital based descriptive study was done in the NICU of Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Between 1st January 2015 to 15 July 2015. 50 Newborns with suspected sepsis admitted for septic work up and IV antibiotics were included in the study. Micro ESR was measured with relevant septic screening investigations. The micro ESR value results were compared with Blood culture taken as gold standard and hematological factors such as CRP. Results: Out of 50 babies, micro ESR was elevated in 19 (38%) babies out of which Blood culture was positive in 16 cases. Total proven sepsis cases were 16 (32%) and probable sepsis were 34 (68%). Correlation of elevated micro ESR was statistically significant with blood culture positive cases and CRP>6 with a p-value of 0.004 and 0.043 respectively . The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value compared with blood culture was 68.8%, 76.5%, 57.9% and 83.9% respectively with a diagnostic accuracy of 74%. Conclusion: Micro ESR is simple and cheap bedside evaluation test and relatively sensitive in the prediction of neonatal sepsis and can be a useful test in the early detection of sepsis and can be used as a screening tool for detecting suspected Neonatal Sepsis.


Frigate Class Vessel is one of the flagship of the Indonesian Navy. The average of air temperature after repowering in the engine room is ranged from 60°C-65°C while the maximum air temperature recommended based on the Lloyds Register is below 45°C. This condition affects the performance of equipment and machine operators in it. The in and out air circulation of the engine room is not sufficient for the air required. The in and out Duct design is designed to keep the room temperature in accordance with standard requirement specified. This can be known by simulation using Ansys Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The total of 24 outlet ducts of ducting design was obtained by conducting the simulation using Ansys CFD. It took two blowers to supply engine room and two engine room suction blowers with air capacity of 33.876 CFM or equivalent to 57,555.69 m 3 /hr and power of 40 HP when the was sailing. However, the capacity and specification of the old blower installed on the operational use was respectively 16,627.32 CFM or equivalent to 28,250 m 3 /hr with power of 15 HP, thus it could not be used to supply the air needs and to keep the temperature in the engine room in ideal conditions.


The invention discloses a selection method for an initialization-and-refresh (IR) state returning period of a robust header compression (ROHC) device. The method comprises: a current channel quality parameter is obtained and is sent to a trained support vector machine, and an IR state returning period is selected based on the current channel quality parameter by using the support vector machine; and an IR state returning period of the ROHC device is adjusted according to the IR state returning period selected by the support vector machine. In addition, the invention also discloses a selection apparatus for an IR state returning period of an ROHC device.


According to the German TierSchlV (1997) slaughter animals have to be stunned in such a way, that they rest unconscious till they are dead (caused by exsanguination). When animals are not stuck (by mistake) or are bleeded only imperfectly, they regain consciousness after 30 to 40 sec or later. Therefore the risk exists, that animals with (regained) sensorium are conveyed into the scalding tank. An evaluation of slaughterhouses with CO 2 -stunning equipment all over Germany revealed, that on an average 1% of the slaughter pigs (14% as an exception) showed reactions (eye movements, rhythmic breathing, vocalisation) immediately before entering the scalding tank. Therefore it was the aim of these examinations, to develop a practical method to test the lack of reactions (as a sign of death) of the pigs before they are entering further processing machines after bleeding. A pressure hot water jet was installed below the bleeding conveyor in three slaughterhouses (plants A, B: CO 2 -stunning, plant C: Electrical stunning) in such a way, that the water jet was directed towards the snouts of the stuck pigs, which were conveyed on the bleeding rail. So, the sensitivity of 4127 pigs at all was tested. Additionally the corneal- and eyelid-reflex, breathing and, of a part of the animals, mydriasis were recorded. 3 % of the animals showed reflexes and reactions on the bleeding conveyor (plant A: 0,7%; B: 5%; C: 33%). The hot water jet induced reactions of 1% of all animals tested and of 26% of the reflex-positive pigs. The other 74% of the pigs with positive corneal-/eyelid reflex and/or interrupted breathing showed no reactions because of the hot water irritation. This makes it evident, that these reflexes alone are not a reliable sign for sensitivity. At all pigs, which showed neither brain steam reflexes nor hot water stimulans reactions, an optimum of mydriasis could be seen (as sign for brain death). That avoidance reactions could be induced by a hot water irritation of sensitive, central nervous pathways of 1% of all pigs tested, independent of the stunning method, shows the necessity of the development and installation of a method to control the death of the animals before entering a further processing machine/scalding tank. The used method is in principle suitable. For a practical use, automation of the method seems necessary.


Background: Controlling infections in healthcare facilities is necessary for reducing infection transmission. There is limited data on the status of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) programme in healthcare facilities in Rivers State. An assessment of IPC implementation in health facilities in Rivers State was therefore conducted.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, stratified sampling technique was applied to select 99 healthcare facilities. Health personnel in-charge of selected facilities were interviewed using the validated Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) tool. It was modified to focus on four out of eight core components areas and graded using the World Health Organization IPCAF guidelines.Results: Twenty (20.2%) facilities had IPC programmes with clearly defined objectives and activity plans. A copy of the IPC guidelines was available in 56 (56.6%) facilities, however, only 13 (13.1%) monitored implementation of the guidelines. Forty (40.4%) facilities had healthcare workers that were trained based on updated IPC guidelines. Supply of personal protective equipment was adequate in 29 (29.3%) facilities and a mixed method of healthcare waste disposal was practiced in 46 (46.4%) facilities. Overall, 56 (56.6%) of the facilities had scores within the basic IPC level of practice while 43 (43.4%) had scores within the intermediate level of IPC practice.Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that IPC committees should be set up in all healthcare facilities with the obligation of updating IPC guidelines, training healthcare personnel, and implementing IPC activities in respective healthcare facilities.


The objective of this paper is to determine the optimal setting of the process parameters on the electro-discharge machining (EDM) machine while machining AISI H13 tool steel. The parameters considered are pulse current, pulse-on-time, pulse-off-time and gap voltage ; whereas the responses are Tool wear ratio (TWR) and material removal rate (MRR). The optimal setting of the parameters are determined through experiments planned, conducted and analysed using the Taguchi method. It is found that the Tool wear ratio reduces substantially, within the region of experimentation, if the parameters are set at their lowest values, while the parameters set at their highest values increase the MRR drastically.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a positioning method, device and system. The positioning method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention comprises: user equipment UE obtains the information of a private district, the information of the private district is used for determining the position of the UE, and the UE sends the information of the private district to the network side. The invention also discloses the corresponding device and system. The scheme of the embodiment of the invention improves the positioning precision of the UE.


Because of its layer structure,layered rock has a special engineering characteristic.From the study of deformation and failure characteristics of layered rock,the authors find that slipping along bed surface and bending are the main failure types of layered rock.From this opinion,stability problems of excavating huge underground openings in layered rock with steep dip angle are analyzed.A typical project is introduced,which verified that the theorical result is in accordance with the actual condition.


The fragments of focusing rod warhead's are the rods. The different parameters of the rods have some effects on the damage efficiency of warhead. Focusing rod warhead is simulated by finite element software ANSYS / LSDYNA,and the influences of the number and dislocation arrangement of rods on lethal blast radius formed during explosion are analyzed. The simulation results show that the warhead with 12 rods in single-layer arrangement has the better damage efficiency,and the rods dislocatedly arranged at 5°can form a continuous lethal radius with a certain width when the maximum diameter of warhead is 11 cm.


The present invention relates to a double-sided adhesive tape comprising a viscoelastic first polymer layer on a top face, a second polymer layer, and a third polymer layer on a bottom face of a viscoelastic first polymer layer. silver 65 to 97 weight percent ethylhexyl acrylate and / or butyl acrylate, 0-30% by weight of methyl acrylate, It is based on a polymer obtainable by the polymerization of a monomer composition of 3% to 15% by weight of acrylic acid, The viscoelastic polymer layer is crosslinked, The second polymer layer 85 to 95 weight percent ethylhexyl acrylate and / or butyl acrylate, It is based on a polymer obtainable by the polymerization of a monomer composition of 5% to 15% by weight acrylic acid, The second polymer layer is thermally crosslinked using at least one epoxycyclohexyl derivative in the absence of an accelerator.


Hay is main food for the animals in the period of raising in sheds and lacking grass in winter. If hay can be dried and stored in scientific way, plenty of high quality will be exploited quite well and natural grass, man-made growing grass and the waste of crops will be made good use of moreover, wastling and losing of nutrition will be avoided. By this way, sustainable development future can be realized in animal husbandry


Aiming at the excess ammonia discharge caused by methods of solvent extraction and separation of rare earth elements using ammonia or sodium hydroxide as the saponification agent,this paper investigated the method of using ultrasonic unsaponifiable P204 to extract and separate the lanthanum and cerium elements. This paper examined the effects of the acidity of the feed liquid,the ultrasonic intensity,the ultrasonic intensity on the distribution ratio of lanthanum and cerium,the separation factor of lanthanum and cerium and the saturation extraction capacity respectively. The results showed that when the feed acidity was 5,ultrasonic intensity was at 20 W/cm2,ultrasonic frequency was at 30 kHz,the distribution ratio of lanthanum and cerium,the saturation extraction capacity of lanthanum and cerium and the separation factor between lanthanum and cerium reached the maximum. The saturation extraction capacity were 35 g/L and 19 g/L,and the maximum separation factor between the lanthanum and the cerium was 4.63. The results under infrared spectroscopy showed that ultrasound caused hydrogen bond break in P204 in the solvent extraction and separation of lanthanum and cerium,resulting in, more monomer P204 react with rare earth in the extraction process. Therefore,the saturation extraction capacity of lanthanum and cerium with ultrasonic was greater than that without ultrasonic.


An ultra-low-noise, high-speed, hybrid photomultiplier tube sensitive from 900 to 1300 nm optical wavelength is described. The device, also known as an intensified photodiode (IPD), uses an active transferred electron (TE) photocathode with the quaternary In/sub .69/Ca/sub .31/As/sub .67/P/sub .33/ photo-absorbing layer and a GaAs Schottky avalanche photodiode (SAPD) anode. The detector has a combined electron bombarded and avalanche gain of over 15000 which is sufficient to overcome preamplifier noise and provide high internal counting efficiency of approximately 85%. At an active cathode bias of 1.5 V the room temperature cathode dark count rate is 6.67/spl times/10/sup 5//s. Cooling reduces this substantially corresponding to a dark current activation energy almost equal to the bandgap of the In/sub .69/Ca/sub .31/As/sub .67/P/sub .33/ layer.