Abstract Hypothyroidism is a well-known cause of pericardial effusion with an incidence of about 3-27%. If not diagnosed in time it can lead to potentially serious complications, such as cardiac tamponade leading to hemodynamic instability. It should be considered as a causative or exacerbating agent in any patient presenting with pericardial effusion and known, suspected or laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism, e. g., elevated TSH or reduced serum free T4. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with a Past Medical Hx of hypertension, intermittently insulin-treated type 2 diabetes for 20 years, coronary artery disease, and hypothyroidism with medical non-compliance, and s/p right BKA. She initially presented to an outside hospital for altered mental status (specifically, inability to follow simple commands and orientation only to self). She was transferred to this facility for evaluation of limb ischemia. She was agoitrous with no reported palpable thyroid abnormalities. Her admission chest x-ray exhibitedan enlarged cardiac silhouette. Her initial serology was significant for a serum TSH of 178 uIU/mL (NL: 0.45-5.33 uIU/mL), FreeT4 <0.25 ng/dl (NL: 0.58-1.64 ng/dl),Free T3 1.65 pg/mL (NL: 2.5-3.9 pg/mL), andhighly elevated anti-thyroglobulin and anti-peroxidase antibodies. She was diagnosed as having primary hypothyroidism secondary to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. She was re-started on levothyroxine (L-T4) at a dose of 150 mcg on day 1, which was reduced to 100 mcg daily on days 2-4 but readjusted to 125 mcg daily on days 5-8 and 150 mcg daily thereafter. During the 25 th day of admission in the Rehabilitation unither serum TSH showed a gradual decline from 178 to 22 prior to discharge. Her Free T4 increased to 1.18 and her Free T3 increased to 2.24 by discharge. Her pericardial effusion was managed by placement of a pericardial window. Pericardiocentesis yielded over 600 ml of clear serous fluid (protein content 5.1 gm/dl) without evidence of malignancy, infection or inflammation. This case highlights the importance of not only recognizing the diagnosis of hypothyroidism but of assessing the duration and adequacy of its management. Likewise, an enlarged cardiac silhouette in this setting should be considered as possibly representing a pericardial effusion and impending source of a cardiac tamponade. Presentation: No date and time listed


Majority of the chickpea farmers (58.33%) belonged to medium category of technological gap. Wide technological gap was observed with respect to seed treatment (75.83%), seed rate (66.67%), using manures (62.08%), 'P' management (58.75%), spacing (57.08%) and disease management (50.42%). Education, extension participation and mass media use were negatively and significantly correlated with technological gap. Majority of the farmers expressed constraints like non availability of quality seed of improved cultivar (88.33%), wilt problem (81.66%), terminal moisture stress (70.83%) and low yields due to delayed sowings (64.16%).


AIM
To assess changes in the position of the mucogingival junction (MGJ) after an apically positioned flap (APF) with collagen matrix performed at sites with or without previous guided bone regeneration (GBR).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Dental implants were placed with or without GBR (group GBR or nonGBR) depending on the available ridge width in 30 patients with a limited width of keratinized mucosa (MGJ placed more coronally than the expected prosthetic margin). An apically positioned flap with collagen matrix was performed in both groups. Changes in the position of the MGJ from the day of an apically positioned flap up to 1, 3, and 12 months thereafter were assessed on digital scans (primary endpoint). Secondary endpoints were the width and thickness of the keratinized mucosa, and the position of the mucosal margin.

RESULTS
The position of the MGJ changed significantly from baseline to the first month, by 5.25±2.10 and 4.40±1.41 mm in groups GBR and nonGBR, respectively. Thereafter the position remained stable in both groups up to 1 year (changes from baseline of 5.46±2.28 and 4.58±1.92mm, respectively; p=0.34). The position of the mucosal margin did not differ between groups GBR and nonGBR (-1.57±2.04 and -1.75±2.08 mm, respectively; p=0.84); nor did the width of the keratinized mucosa (1.20±1.03 and 0.99±0.66 mm, p=0.91) or its thickness (1.28±0.44 and 1.40±0.78 mm, p=0.87).

CONCLUSION
Apically positioned flap combined with a collagen matrix results in a more apical position of the MGJ at sites with or without GBR. Following a coronal shift during the first month after the apical positioning of the flap, the level of the MGJ remained stable.


The Laws and Regulations of Higher Education has made clear and definite that as the independent legal entity, institutes of higher learning must be run by law, which will restrain the conduct of schools, teachers and students. As the base for training qualified personnel, the college employ high moral standard to administrate the schools so as to enhance their consciousness and morality through passionate inspiration and moral education. "Administration by morality" is the base while "administration by law" is the guarantee in running the school, the combination of which is the requirement both for building socialist political and spiritual civilizations and for its own construction and development in the socialist market economy as well as for the realization of socialist democracy and legal system.


The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of work life and work involvement on job satisfaction of employees at PT. WOM Finance Bengkulu Branch. The sample used in this study were all 70 employees. This type of research uses quantitative research by distributing questionnaires for data collection. The results of the study indicate that the variables of quality of work life and work involvement have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction.


The Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) method is widely used in research and practice to characterize subsurface conditions. Typically in this method, Rayleigh or Love wave are first generated using active impacts, and collected by a series of receivers. Then, the waveforms are processed to generate dispersion images that represent velocities of different frequency components in the medium of interest. The depth of MASW investigation is directly proportional to the total spread length of receivers, and one factor that controls the resolution of the dispersion images is the total number of receivers used to acquire the surface waves. It is believed that for a fixed spread length, the larger number of receivers increases the resolution. While this statement has been investigated in the literature for Rayleigh waves, little attention has been placed on the effects number of receivers on Love wave dispersion images. This paper presents results from a MASW survey that proposes to address the effects of channel quantity on Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion images with a particular emphasis on Love waves. MASW records were collected with the same fixed spread length (34.5 m) and were processed considering various receiver quantities (24, 12, 8, and 6). Results indicate that Love waves dispersion images seem to be less sensitive to reductions in number of receivers. As an example, the Love wave dispersion image acquired by considering 8 channels can practically be considered equivalent to that acquired with 24 channels. This paper summarizes site conditions, hardware configurations and testing procedure, followed by a discussion of dispersion images and conclusions.


The non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of B-cell and T-cell neoplasms that vary by morphological appearance, etiology, biology, and clinical manifestations. Worldwide, the incidence of NHL began to increase circa 1950 (1,2), approximately doubling in the United States between 1975 and 2000 (3,4), and then stabilizing with an age-standardized rate near 20 per 100 000 person-years (3). The age-standardized incidence rate, however, is an age-specific weighted average that may mask important age-related trends (5,6), especially among younger persons. Additionally, whereas recent trends for NHL overall may be related to HIV/AIDS and changes in classification systems or diagnostic practice patterns (2), perinatal and family risk factors also may be important for NHL in early life.

Therefore, in this issue of the Journal, Crump et al. (7) conducted a national cohort study in Sweden among young persons aged 0–37 years, who were newly diagnosed with NHL between 1973 and 2008 and followed through 2009. The authors linked Swedish birth and cancer registries data for NHL, family characteristics, and the perinatal period (variously defined as the days immediately before and after birth). Linkage to the national birth and cancer registries was nearly 100% complete. More than 99% of the original cohort remained after exclusions for missing data regarding gestational age at birth and/or birth weight. There were 936 NHL patients with 66.3 million person-years of follow-up. The overall incidence rate was 1.4 per 100 000 person-years (1.7 for men and boys and 1.1 for women and girls). Age-specific incidence rates rose with advancing age at diagnosis, like rates of epithelial carcinomas (8).

For a similar period, incidence rate patterns were slightly higher among young persons in the United States than in Sweden (Figure 1), using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 Registries Database (SEER, 1973–2008) (9). There were 15 089 NHL patients with 527 million person-years of follow-up among persons of the youngest nine of 19 SEER age groups (ie, ages 00, 01–04, 05–09, … 35–39 years). The age-standardized incidence rate (adjusted to the World Standard Million population) for these nine age intervals combined was 2.37 per 100 000 person-years (3.15 for men and boys and 1.58 for women and girls) (Figure 1, A). The estimated annual percentage change for the age-standardized rate was 1.26% and 1.91% among men and boys and women and girls, respectively. Age-specific rates rose continuously with advancing aging (Figure 1, B), as in Sweden.

Figure 1

Age-standardized incidence rates and age-specific incidence rates, by sex, for non-Hodgkin lymphoma among Americans aged 0–39 years. Incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas) are based on November 2010 data from the National ...

In the Swedish study (7), relative risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) unadjusted and adjusted for sex, birth year, fetal growth, gestational age at birth, twinning, birth order, maternal age at delivery, maternal and paternal education level, and family history of NHL. Independent risk factors were family history of NHL, high fetal growth, older maternal age, low birth order, and male sex. Based on small numbers, the strongest risk factor was for family history of NHL in either a sibling (HR = 9.84) or parent (HR = 2.36) with a greater risk for a same-sex sibling or parent. High fetal growth weight that was two standard deviations or more from the reference birth weight, by gestational age and sex, was associated with increased risk of NHL (HR = 1.64). Maternal age was an important confounder for low birth order with an inverse relationship between NHL and birth order after adjusting for maternal age. Male sex was an age-specific effect modifier, with a twofold increase in NHL among boys who were aged younger than 15 years but not older. In the United States, there was also a relative excess of NHL among younger men compared with women (Figure 1, B) with a male to female incidence rate ratio of 2.7 (95% CI = 1.9 to 3.7) between ages 5–9 years and 2.3 (95% CI = 1.7 to 3.0) between ages 10–14 years.

When incidence of NHL subtypes was examined (7), family history and older maternal age were associated with increased risk for diffuse B-cell subtypes. Family history was not estimable for the other subtypes. Older maternal age was associated with a borderline increased risk for T-cell tumors. A reciprocal birth cohort effect was observed with decreasing risk by year of birth for diffuse B-cell and increasing risk for other B-cell and T-cell tumors. Although it is important to determine whether the etiology of NHL differs by subtype, subtype trends in this study are somewhat uncertain because of small sample sizes and missing data (35% missing subtype, 332 of 936 subjects). Additionally, although the distinction between B-cell and T-cell tumors is generally straightforward, the categorization for B-cell and T-cell subtypes has evolved over time, raising concern for calendar period effects due to changing classification systems or improved diagnostic techniques. The authors attempted to rule out calendar period effects and to confirm birth cohort or exposure effects by accommodating different patterns of missingness. First, they distributed the subjects with missing subtype data in the observed proportions of known subjects with diffuse B-cell tumors (50%), other B-cell tumors (40%), and T-cell tumors (10%) and then recalculated the subtype trends. Second, missing subtype data were redistributed by the observed proportions of known subjects for each year of birth, age at diagnosis, and sex. Birth cohort effects persisted and remained statistically significant in these sensitivity analyses. Alternatively, population-based birth cohort effects could have been assessed with age–period–cohort models (10). Notwithstanding the well-documented identifiability issues for the age–period–cohort framework (11), cohort deviations or changes are estimable functions that have the added value of being fully adjusted for age and period effects. In the United States SEER population (Figure 2), we could show statistically significant decelerating (concave parabola) cohort deviations or changes for diffuse B-cell tumors (P < .001) and accelerating (convex parabola) deviations for T-cell tumors (P < .001) but not for other B-cell tumors (P = .28).

Figure 2

Birth cohort deviations in US incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) by histopathologic subtype. The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 Registries Database (SEER 9, 1973–2008) was used to determine age–period–cohort ...

In conclusion, the study by Crump et al. (7) is a national cohort study of perinatal and family characteristics associated with the diagnosis of NHL among children and young adults in Sweden. Limitations included the unavailability of many host and environmental risk factors for NHL such as infectious exposures, radiation, environmental contaminants, and primary or inherited immune deficiencies. Nonetheless, their large-scale and population-based design minimized selection bias and maximized generalizable conclusions for associations between NHL in early life and family history, high fetal growth weight, older maternal age, low birth order, and male sex. However, risk estimates for family history were based on small numbers of case patients with an affected sibling (n = 4) or parent (n = 10). Pooled studies with larger sample sizes will be required to further assess the potential role of gene–environmental exposures for family history of NHL. In contrast to Crump et al. (7), a large meta-analysis showed no statistically significant association between high or low birth weight and NHL (12), and the authors concluded that birth weight might not be a good metric for an association between fetal growth and lymphoma (12). Advancing maternal age appears to be a risk factor for many childhood cancers possibly due to differential gene expression in cell cycle control and DNA damage repair mechanisms among older women, age-related mutations in oocyte genes, increasing use of fertility technology by older mothers, or changes in maternal hormonal exposures with advancing age (13). The association of low birth order after adjustment for maternal age is consistent with the hypothesis of "reduced or delayed exposure" to first viral or bacterial infection in infancy due to the absence of other siblings (14); however, others have found little support for an association between NHL and birth order or family size (15,16). Finally, though male predominance in the incidence of cancer is well established (17), the age interaction or effect modification by sex before age 15 years is not easily explained.


I t is the purpose of this article to report the results of a recent survey which we undertook concerning the content and structure of master's programs in economics. During the fall of 1985, questionnaires were sent to the 221 United States colleges and universities listed in Peterson's Graduate Programs in the Humanities and Social Sciences (1985) as having graduate programs in economics. One hundred sixty-nine responses were received from master's program directors, a response rate of 76 percent, which we consider to be extremely high. Our interest in the subject began, frankly, as a parochial one. In the process of considering revisions in our own master's program, we naturally became curious as to whether the views that we held regarding such a program were at all widespread. When we attempted to discover what other programs were doing, we found that the last comprehensive report on graduate programs in economics was undertaken nearly thirty-five years earlier. That report, "Graduate Education in Economics," was written by Howard R. Bowen and appeared as a special supplement to the American Economic Review in 1953.1 Since that time, economics graduate programs have proliferated in number and, as we strongly suspected, have undergone substantial changes in content and structure as well. The need for a new survey was apparent.2


This reporting period, progress is reported on the following: metabolic pathway of solvent production in B. methylotrophicum; the biochemical mechanism for metabolic regulation of the succinate fermentation; models to understand the physiobiochemical function of formate metabolism in anaerobes and; models for understanding the influence of low pH on one carbon metabolism. (CBS)


GIS technologies have been applied to diverse fields to assist people in analyzing various types of geospatial data and dealing with complex situations. In the field of agriculture investment project management, as you know they are closely related with location, managers are increasingly aware of the important function of location information and such GIS location analysis technology to enhance management capacity. This paper shows a case about the application of GIS in Zhejiang provincial standard farmland quality management. It proposed several methods of location match analysis for the business checking, developed two interrelated system for different needs, `Map Draw Tool' desktop GIS app and WebGIS-based app. Its success running in recent three years demonstrated that the proposed system can effectively prevent inaccurate and duplicate project applying phenomenon, and conducive to accepting social supervision by publishing them online with web map.


Safer Community is an initiative which aims to encourage students and staff to play a significant part in campus safety by looking out for each other.


INTRODUCTION: Educators, academicians, and teachers are responsible for the development of the nation's human capital. Teacher coping methods are becoming more widely recognized as a key factor in determining teacher effectiveness. The aim of this study was to identify the various coping strategies adopted by high school teachers in Southern India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in government, aided, and unaided schools of Udupi, a coastal district in Southern India. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from 460 high school teachers chosen based on convenience sampling. The coping strategies were identified using a modified version of Brief COPE(Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) Inventory (Carver, 1997). Data were entered using SPSS version 15 and descriptive statistics was performed. RESULTS: The study found that teachers had moderate level of coping skills in all domains. The most popular coping techniques used by secondary school teachers were positive reframing, active coping, and planning; nevertheless, substance use was recognized as the least popular coping strategy. CONCLUSION: Positive reframing, active coping, and preparation were the most commonly used coping strategies by the teachers in the survey. Teachers are a vital resource who have received less attention than they deserve for their psychological well-being. A customized intervention program based on their perceived needs could be a good place to start.


This study aims to identify the methods and associated indicators that are commonly used in value chain analyses (VCA) and to determine the areas of interest that have been excluded. Value chain analysis generally includes four different dimensions, which are institutional/functional, economic/financial, social, and environmental. This study has two main sources of literature. The first is the guidelines and the other is case studies on value chain analysis. The case study review is limited by the time between 2000 and 2022. The results showed that the researchers mainly focused on the institutional/functional analysis of the value chain, which is the first step of the analysis. Studies were mostly concentrated on the mapping of value chains, which includes the mapping of agents, core activities, and the marketing channels and flows of products. The second important area of interest is economic/financial analysis. Value added analysis is a top research area on the economical side of the value chain (VC). Consumer behavior and financial analysis are also included in the case studies. The research on consumer behavior of the value chain analysis has focused on the preferences, attitudes, and behaviors of the consumers. Financial analysis is another area of interest which generally concentrates on the cost of intermediate inputs, total output value, net present value, internal rate of return, cash flows and cost of fixed assets, and break-even point. The social and environmental sides of the value chain have been studied with less attention. This is much more important for a sustainable food VC.


This thesis attempts to understand who fought for influence within the European Union's
policy area of the Emissions Trading System (ETS). The ETS is a key aspect of the
European Union's (EU) climate change policy and is particularly important in light of the
conclusions at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. It was first
established in 2003 with Directive 2003/87/EC and completed its first major revision in
2008 with Directive 2009/29/EC. Between these two key Directives, the interplay between
industrial and environmental incentives means that the ETS has created a dynamic venue
for divergent interest groups. So as to identify the relevant actors, this paper applies the
Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) of Sabatier. Using position papers, semi-structured
interviews, and unpublished documents from the EU institutions, this paper answers it
primary research question in its identification of an economy-first and an environment-first
lobbying coalition. These coalitions have expanded over time with the environment-first
coalition incorporating Greenpeace and the economy-first coalition expanding even further
in both scope and speed. However, the economy-first coalition has been susceptible to
industry-specific interests. In its application of the ACF, the research shows that a
hypothesised effect between the ACF's external events and these lobbying coalitions is
inconclusive. Other hypotheses stemming from the ACF relating to electricity prices and
the 2004 enlargement seem to be of significance for the relative composition of the
lobbying coalitions. This paper finds that there are certain limitations within the ACF. The
findings of this thesis provide a unique insight into how lobbying coalitions within a key EU
policy area can form and develop.


Objective To investigate the infection situation and drug resistance tendency of ureaplasma urealyticum( Uu) and mycoplasma hominis( Mh) for improving clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods During July2012 and February 2014,a total of 1430 patients with suspect urogenital tract infection from Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,Urinary Surgery and Outpatient Department of Dermatology in our hospital were detected of genitourinary tract secretions for mycoplasma cultivation,and sensitivity test was done to 9 antibacterial drugs,such as doxycycline,minocycline,josamycin,clarithromycin,roxithromycin, azithromycin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and sparfloxacin. Results There were 788 cases( 55.10%,788/1430) of mycoplasma infection,and patients aged from 20-40 years accounted for 86.55%( 682/788). The positive rate in female patients was higher than that in male patients( 61. 21% vs. 27. 24%,χ2= 98. 35,P 0. 01). There were 578 cases( 40. 42%) of Uu infection,10 cases( 0. 70%) of Mh infection,and 200 cases( 13. 99%) of mixed infection of Uu and Mh. Mycoplasma showed highest sensitivity to doxycycline( 92. 01%) and minocycline( 92. 89%),and showed lowest sensitivity to roxithromycin( 8. 76%) and ofloxacin( 6. 35%). The drug resistance rate showed significant difference between patients with Uu and Mh mixed infection and patients with single Uu infection( P 0. 01). Conclusion Mycoplasma infection rate is on rise and dug resistant strains increase gradually. Clinicians should pay attention to analysis of mycoplasma culture and drug sensitivity test,dynamically monitoring the drug resistance for rational use of antimicrobial agents and reducing the spread of multi-drug resistant strains.


The yield of Porphyra of Hokkaido amounts to 140, 000-150, 000 Yen a year. Although 11 species of this genus have been reported from this district, their life-history has never been studied. Therefore we began it with the study of autumn germs of P. yezoensis, the commonest species of the main island of Hokkaido, in Usu Bay, Iburi Prov., and obtained the following results. 1) Before September 20th, when setting of propagation provision of Porphyra takes place in Usu Bay, many plantlets which are about 11mm in length, and show the characteristics of "Natu-nori" were observed. From their characteristics they can be identified as P. yezoensis UEDA. 2) When the water temperature is 20°-17°C they discharge monospores. The growth of the plantlets does not cease with the formation of the monospores, but they continue to grow, discharging monospores continuously. 3) The monospores are 10-13 μ long, germinate soon after they have been liberated. Up to 5-7 cell stage, they divide only by the transverse walls, forming a thread-like body composed of one row of cells. Thereafter they grow up, tracing the developing process of the so-called "Maruba" type of Dr. KUNIEDA, to an oval or almost round fronds. 4) The optimum temperature for germination of the monospores is 12°-17°C., and 14°-15°C shows the best effect. From this fact the water-temperature in Usu Bay, after the middle September, seems to be in optimum condition for development of the monospores. 5) Two types of the autumn germ, viz. P. yezoensis typc and P. pseudolinearis type, were observed on the collectors of the propagation ground in Usu Bay. The former (about 10mm in length) also discharges monospores in abundance which trace the process of development just like that of "Maruba" type. The latter, however, forms no monospore. Any specimens of this type could not be found before Sept. 20th. 6) From the results mentioned above, it seems to be. very probable the autumn germs of P. yezoensis are generated hom the monospores, and the young Porphyras thus produced dis-charge monospores again. In such a way the number of germs on the autumn collectors in-crease in geometrical proportion.


A 62 year old smoker on evaluation of polyuria was detected to have central diabetes insipidus. On detailed workup he was diagnosed to have a mass lesion in the lung, although he did not report as having any respiratory symptoms. Further workup confirmed the diagnosis of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (Adenocarcinoma). An extensive metastatic workup was done which revealed that apart from the loco-regional spread, the only extra thoracic metastasis was to the posterior pituitary. This is a very rare presentation of an isolated secondary malignant deposit of adenocarcinoma of lung to the posterior pituitary.


AbstractTransformation of sewage sludge is basically a multistage and technologically complex process. Obtaining effective and cost-effective results of sewage sludge processing for environmental applications is an important issue in this waste management. Additional enrichment of sewage sludge during its process of treatment into biowaste, such as bark, straw, or sawdust, gives the sludge appropriate physical properties which facilitate their later transformation or immediate application. On the basis of conducted investigations, it was stated that total heavy metal content in the tested mixtures of sewage sludge with straw, sawdust, and bark transformed thermally and biologically does not exclude their use for agricultural or reclamation purposes, whereas a supplement of the above-mentioned components causes an effect of diluting the content of all determined heavy metals. On the other hand, the process of thermal transformation of the mixtures contributed to increasing Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn content. No su...


Earth's foreshock is filled with backstreaming particles that can interact with the ambient solar wind and its discontinuities to form foreshock transients. Many foreshock transients have a core with low dynamic pressure that can significantly perturb the bow shock and the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. Foreshock transients have also been recently recognized as sites of particle acceleration, which may be important for seeding the parent shock with energetic particles. A relevant step of this seeding would be energetic ion leakage into the surrounding foreshock environment. On the other hand, such leakage would also suppress the energetic particle flux contrast across foreshock transients' boundaries masking their perceived contribution to ion energization. To further examine this hypothesis of ion leakage, we report on multipoint case studies of three foreshock transient events selected from a large database. The cases were selected to exemplify, in increasing complexity, the nature and consequences of energetic ion leakage. Ion energy dispersion, observed upstream and/or downstream of the foreshock transients, is explained with a simple, ballistic model of ions leaking from the foreshock transients. Larger energies are required for leaked ions to reach the spacecraft as the distance between the transient and spacecraft increases. Our model, which explains well the observed ion energy dispersion and velocity distributions, can also be used to reveal the shape of the foreshock transients in three dimensions. Our results suggest that ion leakage from foreshock transient cores needs to be accounted for both in statistical studies and in global models of ion acceleration under quasi‐parallel foreshock conditions.


Among different Model Driven Engineering (MDE) approaches, the Object Management Group (OMG) adopted the Model Driven Architecture (MDA). The MDA approach is aiming to automate the software develop process by using models instead of conventional coding and bases on the separation of concern concept. In June 2014, the OMG released the second version of the MDA guide trying to realize the fundamental principles and to support the first MDA guide issued in 2003 with more detailed specifications. A gap of 11 years makes researchers from their own perspective and background come up with different interpretations of the MDA terms. The thing that generates a confusion of what is beyond and what is within the MDA scope. By strictly referring to the MDA standard (not to model-driven engineering in general), we provide in this work a review of the current MDA literature. We also shed the light on the MDA research directions, specifically on the automations of the MDA development process and its targeted platforms


The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey provides the largest 3D map of the Universe ever obtained. We present results from the DR9 data set, which includes 360,000 galaxies distributed over 3200 square degrees. At large physical scales, these data allow measurements of unprecedented precision in the 3D redshift-space correlation function and the spherically-averaged power-spectrum. In order to utilize this map to measure galaxy clustering, we need to fully understand potential sources of systematic fluctuations in galaxy density, caused by observational effects rather than cosmological fluctuations. I will present a careful analysis of these fluctuations, showing how we can robustly recover the cosmological clustering signal. The measurements and their cosmological interpretation will be presented.


Dai Xu, who spent all his life on the academic research of mathematics and worked with pioneering spirits and unremitting assiduity, made contributions to the study of logarithm and Euler's numbers, especially to the study of the expansion equation of logarithmic trigonometric function which was "without parallel" in his times and has been ever esteemed advanced and representative in the Chinese history of mathematics. His book A Quick Method of Making Mathematical Tables was translated into English by J. Edkins (1825 -1905) in 1854 and officially published in London. Because of the repercussions it had in the world, Dai Xu ranked high among the mathematicians of various countries the world over. This paper lays stress on the expatriation on the expansion equation of logarithmic trigonometric function that Dai Xu proposed in his study of logarithm and Euler's numbers and on the impact, significance and contributions that Dai Xu Number once made. As a well-known Chinese mathematician who brought forth new ideas in the mathematical field in the late Qing Dynasty.


Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) hold great promise in large-scale energy storage by compromising the merits of sodium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors, the mismatch of kinetic and capacity between battery-type anode...


The Belle II experiment at KEK is preparing for first collisions in 2017. Processing the large amounts of data that will be produced will require conditions data to be readily available to systems worldwide in a fast and efficient manner that is straightforward for both the user and maintainer. The Belle II conditions database was designed with a straightforward goal: make it as easily maintainable as possible. To this end, HEP-specific software tools were avoided as much as possible and industry standard tools used instead. HTTP REST services were selected as the application interface, which provide a high-level interface to users through the use of standard libraries such as curl. The application interface itself is written in Java and runs in an embedded Payara-Micro Java EE application server. Scalability at the application interface is provided by use of Hazelcast, an open source In-Memory Data Grid (IMDG) providing distributed in-memory computing and supporting the creation and clustering of new application interface instances as demand increases. The IMDG provides fast and efficient access to conditions data via in-memory caching.


A brief history of the Canadian nuclear program is given and the dcvelopment of power from nuclear energy on a large scale is reviewed. The Canadian scientists and engi-neers are primarily concerned with economic base load stations designed to meet the particular needs of Canada. (W.O.M.)


Measurements of the temperature and angular dependencies of the upper critical fields $H_{c2}$ of a stoichiometric single crystal LiFeAs in pulsed magnetic fields up to 50 T were performed using a tunnel diode resonator. Full $H^{\parallel c}_{c2}(T)$ and $H^{\bot c}_{c2}(T)$ curves with $H^{\parallel c}_{c2}(0)=17 \pm 1$ T, $H^{\bot c}_{c2}(0)=26 \pm 1$ T, and the anisotropy parameter ${\gamma_H}(T) \equiv H_{c2}^{\bot c}/H_{c2}^{\parallel c}$ decreasing from $\approx 2.5$ at $T_c$ to 1.5 at $T\ll T_c$ were observed. The results for both orientations are in excellent agreement with a theory of $H_{c2}$ for two-band $s^\pm$ pairing in the clean limit. We show that $H^{\parallel c}_{c2}(T)$ is mostly limited by the orbital pairbreaking, whereas the shape of $H^{\bot c}_{c2}(T)$ indicates strong paramagnetic Pauli limiting and the inhomogeneous Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO)state below $T_F \sim 5$ K.


The " Divide and Rule" is one of the universal techniques in arithmetic design.
And this paper describes its principles in brief ,thereafter uses examples to explain
in detail how to use this technique to design arithmetics.


This page features the 2017 exhibition of artwork by VCE art students in the Gippsland region, including the winner of the Refresh Art prize, proudly supported by Federation University.


Two of the most important features in the field of nanotechnology are self-assembly with nanometre-scale precision, and the self-alignment of functionalised nanomaterials. Here, we discuss the binding feasibility of single-strand spacer-added DNA building blocks to biotin–streptavidin (SA) complexes. We use atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and dynamic simulation to study the topological, optical, and vibrational characteristics of DNA lattices. To construct the DNA lattices, we use two distinct DNA building blocks, i.e. a double-crossover tile with a biotin (DXB), and a double-crossover tile with a flexible single-strand spacer containing a biotin (DXSB). Biotinylated DXB and DXSB lattices grown on the substrate eventually attracted streptavidins (SA, a tetramer protein) and formed DXB + SA, and DXSB + SA lattices, respectively. Furthermore, we examine the feasibility of alignments of an individual DXB (DXSB) tile on SA-bound DXB (DXSB) lattices, and a SA-conjugated Au nanoparticle (NP) on DXB (DXSB) lattices. To use more than two binding sites of biotins on SA (to serve as a connector between biotinylated tiles), the introduction of flexible single-strand spacers in DX tiles helped to overcome geometrical hindrance. In addition, the PL spectra of DXB and DXSB lattices with SA–Au conjugates are analysed to understand the periodic bindings of Au NPs on DXB (DXSB) lattices. We also conduct dynamic simulations of modal analysis and molecular dynamics simulation, which provide the vibrational characteristics and evidence of the importance of single-strand spacer-added DNA samples. Patterning of nanomaterials with specific functionalities with high precision using a simple method would be useful for the manufacture of high-density nanoelectronic devices and extreme-sensitivity biosensors.


Information-centric wireless network virtualization enables the sharing of not only the infrastructure but also the content among different service providers, enabling the gain of not only virtualization but in-network caching as well. In this paper, we propose a novel framework with information-centric wireless virtualization and device-to-device (D2D) communications, which enables content caching not only in the air but in the mobile device as well. Moreover, the content is virtualized and can be shared by users from different virtual service providers. In this framework, we formulate the virtual resource allocation and caching strategies as a joint optimization problem, considering the gain of not only virtualization but of caching in the proposed information-centric wireless network virtualization architecture with D2D communications as well. In addition, to reduce computational complexity and signaling overhead, we propose a distributed algorithm to solve the formulated problem based on recent advances in alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), in which different parties only need to solve their own problems without the exchange of channel state information (CSI) with fast convergence rate. Extensive simulations are conducted with different system parameters to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Purpose: to compare the methods used to investigate the endouterine cavity by testing the sensitivity and specificity of X-ray hysterography and sonohysterography compared with hysteroscopy (gold standard). Methods: we carried out a prospective study with 18 patients who, due to symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, unexplained postmenopausal uterine bleeding and ultrasound disturbance, were candidates for uterine cavity investigation by X-ray hysterography, sonohysterography and hysteroscopy. Results: sonohysterography sensitivity and specificity were 90 and 87.5%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 90 and 87.5%. For X-ray hysterography, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 70, 75, 77.7 and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: the use of saline instilation into the endometrial cavity in order to enhance the acuracy of the vaginal ultrasonography seems reliable as a mean to distinguish lesions in the uterine cavity, thereby facilitating the identification of candidates for diagnostic or operative hysteroscopy. X-ray hysterography produces results inferior to hysterosonography.


Objective To establish the myopic model of guinea pig after exogenous application of all-trans retinoic acid,and observe the effect of all-trans retinoic acid(RA) on eyes growing and of refractive status development.Methods Twenty 3-4 day-old pigmented guinea pig with a weight of 100 g were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.Guinea pigs were fed 0.5 mL of RA(24 mg.kg-1) for treatment groups and 0.5 mL of carrier peanut oil for control groups.On the fifth day,the axial length and refraction were measured and then their changes were observed.The changes of the sclera thickness in two groups were assessed by HE staining.The changes of scleral fibroblasts and collagen fiber were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results There was no statistical difference in axial length and refraction between two groups before the experiment(both P0.05).On the fifth day,the axial length in control group and treatment group were(7.628±0.009) mm and(7.743±0.005) mm,respectively,there was significant difference(P0.01) ;The diopter in control group and treatment group were(+6.50±1.60) D and(+1.73±0.80) D,respectively,RA treatment caused a myopic shift in refractive error of-4.80 D,there was significant difference(P0.01).HE staining showed the sclera thickness of treatment group was thinner than that of control group.The numbers and diameter of sclera collagen fiber in treatment group were decreased.Conclusion The exogenous RA can accelerate the ocular elongation of guinea pigs and induce myopic shift,which indicate RA can affect sclera remodeling.


The objective of this study was to measure or assess competitive advantage in mediating the effect of green innovation on firm performance. The data in the study were PROPER companies for the 2010-2018 period and the sample was selected using purposive sampling so that 369 companies were obtained. The results of this study proved that green innovation had a positive effect on competitive advantage, the competitive advantage had a positive effect on firm performance, green innovation had no effect on firm performance, and competitive advantage mediated the effect of green innovation on firm performance. In reducing environmental problems, companies can apply green innovation to increase the company's competitive advantage and firm performance.


We study the &lamda;ΠΣS≤ calculus, which contains singleton types S(M) classifying terms of base type provably equivalent to the term M. The system includes dependent types for pairs and functions (Σ and Π) and a subtyping relation induced by regarding singletons as subtypes of the base type. The decidability of type checking for this language is non-obvious, since to type check we must be able to determine equivalence of well-formed terms. But in the presence of singleton types, the provability of an equivalence judgment Γ ⊢ M1 &eqiv;M2 : A can depend both on the typing context Γ and on the particular type A at which M1 and M2 are compared.We show how to prove decidability of term equivalence, hence of type checking, in &lamda;ΠΣS≤ by exhibiting a type-directed algorithm for directly computing normal forms. The correctness of normalization is shown using an unusual variant of Kripke logical relations organized around sets; rather than defining a logical equivalence relation, we work directly with (subsets of) the corresponding equivalence classes.We then provide a more efficient algorithm for checking type equivalence without constructing normal forms. We also show that type checking, subtyping, and all other judgments of the system are decidable.The &lamda;ΠΣS≤ calculus models type constructors and kinds in the intermediate language used by the TILT compiler for Standard ML to implement the SML module system. The decidability of &lamda;ΠΣS≤ term equivalence allows us to show decidability of type checking for TILT's intermediate language. We also obtain a consistency result that allows us to prove type safety for the intermediate language. The algorithms derived here form the core of the type checker used for internal type checking in TILT.


In this paper we explore the usage of information communication technologies (ICTs) in the proliferation of non-state political violence, and governmental countermeasures to thwart such actions. We are specifically interested in gauging how communication technologies are being adapted to provide such non-state with new terrorist repertoires. To explore this issue, we utilize personal interviews with members of the U.S. government and members of Washington's IT security community.


The main objective of this paper is to describe the perfect fluid spacetimes fulfilling $f(R)$-gravity, when Ricci-Yamabe, gradient Ricci-Yamabe and $\eta$-Ricci-Yamabe solitons are its metrics. We acquire conditions for which the Ricci-Yamabe and the gradient Ricci-Yamabe solitons are expanding, steady or shrinking. Furthermore, we investigate $\eta$-Ricci-Yamabe solitons and deduce a Poisson equation and with the help of this equation, we acquire some significant results.


Now is the information age, artificial intelligence rises under the background of this era, but in the field of artificial intelligence, deep learning stands out in machine learning with its excellent learning ability and is rapidly applied to face recognition engineering. However, the success of mainstream deep learning often depends on a lot of training data and training time. This paper proposes to use meta-learning technology to realize face recognition. metalearning is to use the prior knowledge and experience to guide the learning of new tasks and has the ability to learn so that it can avoid the phenomenon of overfitting in the case of only a small number of samples. We regard the data set as a task, that is, meta-train task and meta-test task, using the MAML algorithm [1] fine-tuning gradient model based on prior knowledge to obtain optimization parameters to realize face recognition. Experiments show that deep learning neural networks using meta-learning technology can achieve higher accuracy and rate than ordinary face recognition neural networks. In the experiment, the recognition rate of the face can reach more than 92.6%. It has more intelligence and has made a contribution to the development of face recognition technology.


I read once that the practice of law is like attempting to drink water from a fire hose. And if you are under stress, meditation — or whatever you choose to call it — helps. Very often I find myself in circumstances that may be considered stressful, say in oral arguments where I have to concentrate very hard for extended periods. If I come back at lunchtime, I sit for 15 minutes and perhaps another 15 minutes later. Doing this makes me feel more peaceful, focused and better able to do my work.


This research is about diversity and vegetation structure of mangrove in Bama until Dermaga Lama shores, Baluran National Park, East Java wich is conducted for for three weeks. This research aims to find out of species diversity, distribution patterns species and zoning types of mangrove plants.               This is an explorative research, with research object is mangroves, using purpose sampling with terraced strip method. Location in this research divided being two stations, respectively covering an area of 4 ha and 9 ha.               Results of this research evidence that Station 1 there were two mayor mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa and R. apiculata), three minor mangrove (Xylocarpus granatum, Heritiera littoralis and Excoecaria agallocha) And eight mangrove associates (Corypha utan, Syzygium polyanthum, Terminalia catappa, Ardisia sp, Desmodium umbellatum, Caesalpinia sp, Clerodendrum sp and Buchanannia arborescens). Station 2 there were six mayor mangrove (R. apiculata, B. gymnorrhiza, C. tagal, S. caseolaris and S. alba), four mangrove minor (H. littoralis, E. agallocha, sea spikes and A. speciosum), dan 10 mangrove associates (C. utan, S. polyanthum, T. catappa, B. arborescens, Calophyllum inophyllum, Pongamia pinnata, D. umbellatum, Clerodendrum sp, Scaevola taccada and Ardisia sp). Diversity in both stations, category trees, poles and seedlings is moderate (1 H 3), for sapling category, station 1 havelow category (H '1), and station 2 has moderate category. Evenness index in  trees categories on both stations are low (0.3 E 0.6). Category pole, sapling and seedling has high evenness index (E 0.6). Index of species richness in the category tree, trees, saplings and seedlings at the two stations is low (R 3.5). Distribution pattern at both stations R. apiculata stand for pole category is uniform. R. apiculata stands for tree category at the station two is uniform. The rest all clustered category.Station 1 has three zones namely seaward zone, middle zone and the landward zone. Station 2 has four zones, namely, the seaward zone, middle zone, the landward zone, and transects 1, 2, 4 dam 5, has a zone of S. caseolaris mixed with R. apiculata (overlap).Keywords: Mangrove, distribution patterns and Zoning.


The mammalian cerebral cortex has a remarkable laminated structure, which is derived from the pallium, the dorsal part of the embryonic telencephalon. Recent studies indicate that the pallium is developed as a homologous structure in all vertebrate species. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism for making architectural diversity of the pallium is not fully understood. Here we introduce recent progress in comparative analysis of pallial development, and our data on the role of Reelin protein in the developing avian pallium. These experimental approaches to pallial development in non‐mammalian species will provide a new insight into evolution of the cerebral cortex.


The article strives to explain why semiology based on the structuralist approach to language was not widely recognized as a metascience. The author views as the key reason the fact that the subject matter of linguistics was understood to be linguistic structure as immanent reality. In order to support this argument, the author examines the theories of Ferdinand de Saussure, Louis Hjelmslev, and Emile Benveniste as not only linguistic, but also philosophical theories. The structuralist interpretation of Saussure's theory views the structure of language as independent from the world and the human mind. The article demonstrates why it leads to the conclusion that the language sets the limits of one's world and mind. The author shows why this conclusion generates internal contradictions in the theory and, paradoxically, casts doubt on the possibility of studying and explaining language. The article analyzes how Hjelmslev and Benveniste tried to provide theoretical solutions to these problems and why their attempts were not fully successful. It is argued that the key source of problems of this approach is the ontologization of language structure which makes explaining language possible only through deep structures that belong to the extralinguistic reality. The author shows how rejecting the ontological understanding of structure and including human subjectivity in the theory makes it possible to avoid the problems of structuralism. The article concludes with a brief overview of several theoretical frameworks which analyze language and its interconnections with the mind and extralinguistic reality without relying on the concept of structure.


Although healthy diets (especially those high in omega-3 fatty acids) have been linked to lower risk for depression, questions linger regarding claims


In this paper we examine the relationship between romantic idealism and vocational goals of art education in Nova Scotia, Canada, in the 19th century. Ideas found in Nova Scotia are compared and contrasted to those of John Ruskin. Some Nova Scotian educators held ideas similar to Ruskin's early notions on art and morality, especially those related to art's reflection of the divinity of nature. These educators did not, however, hold views similar to Ruskin's later political beliefs. Consequently, they came up with different answers to questions about the relationship of art to work. We end the paper with a brief discussion of these issues as they relate to contemporary art education.


A high Q HTS cavity resonator with resonating frequency f0= 5.624 GHz was fabricated using high quality HTS film and high purity sapphire. The unloaded quality factor of the HTS resonator was as high as Qu= 1.09xl06 at the nitrogen temperature, 77 K. A HTS local oscillator combining the high Q cavity resonator with a C-band low noise GaAs HEMT amplifier was then designed and constructed. The phase noise of the oscillator, measured by a HP 3048A noise measurement system, is −134 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset when the temperature is 77 K. This result is close to the best level reported by other groups in the world.


This work is the elaboration of a project of a Clinic of Rehabilitation for Dependents in the city of Tubarao-SC.
The number of people with dependency in Brazil has been increasing, and with it it is possible to observe the increase of the offer of services with incentive of the treatment of these users although it is not enough or adequate in Santa Catarina. The provision of health care services in the treatment involve studies on functionality, accessibility and comfort of its users. The structure of a rehabilitation clinic will offer ample spaces humanized and integrated with nature and with medical, psychiatric, psychological and dental accompaniment, areas of learning of crafts, recreational areas that stimulate the resocialization encouraging the social and free living of drugs.
The Clinical Rehabilitation for Chemical Dependents will have a daily schedule with varied activities, so patients will always have different occupational exercises to be performed and with this being stimulated to learn.
Every environment must be designed and executed in a way that benefits the functions assigned to each space. For it is the environment in which the patient finds himself directly related to his behavior and reactions. Therefore small details such as wall color, materials, right foot height, influence the feel about the environment.
Each person has specific needs within the environment for their well-being: patients, require specific spaces for care, and doctors and nurses, spaces for hospital medical equipment, each with different operating indications.


By: Susan Adams, M. Ed. It's Hard to Be Liked As a Step ParentDon't take it personally if your stepchildren don't like you. This is, in fact, usually the case. In the beginning kids tend to be pleased or tolerate their parent's interest in a new adult....


Based on problems in implementation as well as modifications of the Company Law,this paper makes an introduction and related research about several aspects of modifications of the Company Law,including establishment of company,state sole-ownership company,independent assets of company,deny of company dignity,protection of ownership rights,investments made by company, ownership transfer of limited liability company,private solicit of stock company,enhancement of corporate governance,control of affiliated transactions and repurchase of shares by company.


In the first study to do so, Chen et al. explored the effect of Medicaid expan sion and the frequency of dilated eye exams among adults with diabetes. They found that even though the ex pan sion initially resulted in many exams being performed, the effect was short lived and became insignificant by 2017, despite little change in the number of insured members. This retrospective review entailed a differenceindifferences (DiD) anal ysis of individuallevel survey data for a nineyear period in the United States. Eligible for study entry were adults with previously diagnosed diabetes (1864 years of age) whose household income was below 138% of the U.S. federal poverty level. Using data from the CDC's Behavior Risk Factor Sur veillance System, the authors identified survey responders who had been asked about dilated eye exams in the period before and after Medicaid expansion. The main outcome measure was the DiD in the proportion of dilated eye exams received. There were 52,392 survey respond ers, representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Medicaid expan sion led to a 1.3% increase in the co n  fidence interval and a 2.3% jump in the proportion of dilated eye exams, through four years after the expansion effort. The increase in exam rates was most significant within the two years follow ing expansion. When ex cluding the states that were first to adopt the expansion, findings were similar. Health care policymakers "should be aware that addi tional measures beyond ex panding insurance coverage may be necessary to increase and sustain the rate of dilated eye examinations among diabetic populations," the authors said. Clearly, increasing the availability of insurance coverage may not be enough to boost access to regular eye care among diabetic patients. The authors concluded that continued improve ment in this qualityofcare metric "requires further specific measures targeting insured, atrisk populations, such as new caredelivery models and education initiatives." (Also see related commentary by Andrew Bindman, MD, in the same issue.)


In this paper, we describe the systems of complex adpositions in modern Romance languages, and discuss their status and definition. We do so with a corpus-based analysis focusing on three Romance languages, French, Portuguese and Romanian, and show that some features of complex adpositions are common to most if not all varieties, while some seem to be specificities of one or more of these languages. One case in point is the way such constructions can be tested, for instance with possessives-a test which does not seem to affect French and Portuguese (Catalan, etc.) CAs in the same way: the clear contrast found in French between non-lexicalized constructions and CAs on account of their intolerance of the possessive is not to be found in Portuguese. Finally, we formulate a hypothesis as to the development of CAs in various Romance languages, suggesting it may not have been parallel.


High quality soil moisture datasets are required for various environmental applications. The launch of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) on board the Global Change Observation Mission 1—Water (GCOM-W1) in May 2012 has provided global near-surface soil moisture data, with an average revisit frequency of two days. Since AMSR2 is a new passive microwave system in operation, it is very important to evaluate the quality of AMSR2 products before widespread utilization of the data for scientific research. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the AMSR2 soil moisture products retrieved by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) algorithm. The evaluation was performed for a three-year period (July 2012–June 2015) over the contiguous United States. The AMSR2 soil moisture products were evaluated by comparing ascending and descending overpass products to each other as well as comparing them to in situ soil moisture observations of 598 monitoring stations obtained from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN). The accuracy of AMSR2 soil moisture product was evaluated against several types of monitoring networks, and for different land cover types and ecoregions. Three performance metrics, including mean difference (MD), root mean squared difference (RMSD), and correlation coefficient (R), were used in our accuracy assessment. Our evaluation results revealed that AMSR2 soil moisture retrievals are generally lower than in situ measurements. The AMSR2 soil moisture retrievals showed the best agreement with in situ measurements over the Great Plains and the worst agreement over forested areas. This study offers insights into the suitability and reliability of AMSR2 soil moisture products for different ecoregions. Although AMSR2 soil moisture retrievals represent useful and effective measurements for some regions, further studies are required to improve the data accuracy. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


To identify novel host genetic variants that predispose to hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence, we performed the first genome-wide association study in the Thai population involving 318 cases of chronic hepatitis B and 309 healthy controls after quality control measures. We detected the genome-wide significant association of the HLA class II region (HLA-DPA1/DPB1, rs7770370, p-value = 7.71 × 10−10, OR = 0.49) with HBV chronicity. Subsequent HLA allele imputation revealed HLA-DPA1*01:03 (Pc = 1.21 × 10−6, OR = 0.53), HLA-DPB1*02:01 (Pc = 2.17 × 10−3, OR = 0.50), and HLA-DQB1*06:09 (Pc = 2.17 × 10−2, OR = 0.07) as protective alleles, and HLA-DPA1*02:02 (Pc = 6.32 × 10−5, OR = 1.63), HLA-DPB1*05:01 (Pc = 1.13 × 10−4, OR = 1.72), HLA-DPB1*13:01 (Pc = 4.68 × 10−2, OR = 1.60), and HLA-DQB1*03:03 (Pc = 1.11 × 10−3, OR = 1.84) as risk alleles for HBV persistence. We also detected suggestive associations in the PLSCR1 (rs35766154), PDLIM5 (rs62321986), SGPL1 (rs144998273), and MGST1 (rs1828682) loci. Among single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the PLSCR1 locus, rs1061307 was identified as the primary functional variant by in silico/in vitro functional analysis. In addition to replicating the association of the HLA class II region, we detected novel candidate loci that provide new insights into the pathophysiology of chronic hepatitis B.


DFB laser arrays are of interest for application in high capacity fibreoptic communication systems employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The comb of wavelengths produced from such an array must be accurately controlled, both in absolute wavelengths and wavelength separation between channels. The main issue in laser arrays is the mechanism used to control the lasing wavelength. By far the most popular method for wavelength control is to vary the grating pitch. This can be done by various techniques such as direct E-beam writing, E-beam generated phase mask or by the use of stepped holographic exposure. It is also possible to control the wavelength by varying the modal index of the waveguide structure. Selective area epitaxy can be used to laterally control the active layer thickness thereby controlling the modal index. On the other hand, we have explored and demonstrated a much simpler method of mode index control by sequentially incrementing the ridge widths in the laser array as well as incrementing the tilt angle of the laser ridge. This method is novel and very attractive because it uses a uniformly grown wafer and involves fewer processing steps. In the paper, the results of this scheme are described.


This paper presents the application of a continuous-flow mesophilic (35 C), plug-flow digester to cometabolic degradation of toluene by an anaerobic microbial consortium in the presence of conventional pollutants serving as the major carbon and energy sources. In contrast to conventional practice, digester contents were not mixed. Reactor effluents were recirculated to the influent end at a rate of 20 vol. percent of the influent flow rate. The anaerobic digester was charged with 50 mg/l of toluene. The total COD (chemical oxygen demand) concentration of the mixed, non-hazardous carbon sources was 11,000 mg/l. Experimental results showed that anaerobic digestion occurring in a plug-flow reactor can simultaneously stabilize and detoxify conventional and hazardous wastes with the production of a methane-rich (up to 80 mol% methane) fuel gas. The observed gas yield of 0.36 {+-} 0.01 SCM/kg VS added was higher than that of conventional, complete-mix digesters under similar operating conditions of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR). Toluene did not inhibit anaerobic biogasification of non-hazardous substrates. A toluene degradation efficiency of 95% and a total COD reduction of 96% were observed at an HRT of 13 days and an OLR of 0.81 kgCOD/m{sup 3}-day. Digester effluents contained aboutmore » 2 mg/l of toluene under these operating conditions. Toluene released to the reactor head gas was about 1.4% of the toluene introduced into the anaerobic reactor. The small concentration of toluene in the gas-phase would not be a problem if the digester gas were subjected to high-temperature combustion. A simple model based on the Monod growth-kinetic equation was developed to describe cometabolic toluene-degradation profiles in the plug-flow digester.« less


PREVIEW This chapter introduces some key issues in both visual and auditory perception that relate to language processing. By the end of the chapter you will know that: there are similarities as well as crucial differences in the perceptual processes involved in spoken and visual language comprehension; there are perceptual skills that are particularly important for efficient language processing; the language system influences the interpretation of perceptual cues. Introduction In this chapter, we consider some significant findings in both visual and auditory perception studies. In particular we consider those skills that are specifically language-oriented and which act as a pre-requisite for successful language processing. The chapter will also consider some of the findings from language acquisition that indicate the early stage at which these perceptual skills develop. There are some issues that are common to both visual and spoken language processing, but – as we will see – there are also some issues that are unique to either modality. The common questions concern the nature of the information extracted in the early stages of the recognition process and how this information is extracted, the mapping from the input to the lexicon and the nature of any intervening units of analysis, and the time-course of the flow of information throughout the system.


An application for design and simulation of conformal radiation therapy is described. The goal is to design a beam configuration that delivers therapeutic dose to the disease and minimizes irradiation of surrounding healthy tissues. The application supports a wide variety of tasks including: creation of patient- specific anatomic models from multimodality medical image data; interactive manipulation of high-level beam constructs; evaluation of calculated dose; and simulation of treatment procedures. The application exploits standard visualization technology as well as custom techniques developed specifically for treatment planning. This application, coupled with new computer-controlled treatment technologies permits design and delivery of radiation treatments that conform high dose to the diseased tissue, while minimizing the dose to surrounding healthy tissue. As a result, larger doses of radiation can now be safely applied than previously possible.


CHINA ERIC KIT‐WAI MA.Culture, Politics, and Television in Hong Kong. London: Routledge, 1999. 242 pp. Introduction, appendices, notes, bibliography, index. £55.00, hardcover. LILY XIAO HONG LEE and SUE WILES. Women of the Long March: the Never Before Told Story. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1999. 308 pp. Photographs, preface, chronology, maps, appendix, notes, bibliography, index. A$24.95, paper. MARIE‐CLAIRE BERGÈRE. Sun Yat‐sen (trans. Janet Lloyd). Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998. xii, 480 pp. Illustrations, introduction, endnotes, bibliography, index. A$90.00, hardcover. JAPAN, KOREA MASARU KOHNO. Japan's Postwar Party Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997. xiii, 172 pp. US$65.00, hardcover; US$19.95, paper. SHARON A. MINICHIELLO (ed). Japan's Competing Modernities: issues in Culture and Democracy 1900–1930. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998. xiii, 394 pp. Illustrations, foreword, preface, introduction, index. US$54.00, hardcover; US$25.95, paper. SOUTH, WEST & CENTRAL ASIA DICK VAN DER MEIJ. India and Beyond: essays in Honour of Frits Staal. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. 696 pp. $US110.00, hardcover. ASHISH KOTHARI, NEEMA PATHAK, R. V. ANURADHA and BANSURI TANEJA (eds). Communities and Conservation. Natural Resource Management in South and Central Asia. New Delhi: Sage, 1998. 505 pp. Rs. 495, hardcover; Rs. 325, paper. JAMES BROW. Demons and Development: the Struggle for Community in a Sri Lankan Village. (Hegemony and Experience. Critical Studies in Anthropology and History, Series Editors Hermann Rebel and William Roseberry). Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1996. xviii, 218 pp. Index. US$45.00, hardcover; US$19.95, paper. REIDAR DALE. Evaluation Frameworks for Development Programmes and Projects. New Delhi: Sage Publications India, 1998. 150 pp. Index. Rs. 275, hardcover; Rs. 145, paper. SOUTHEAST ASIA HANS ANTLOV and SVEN CEDERROTH (eds). Leadership on Java: gentle Hints, Authoritarian Rule. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1994. viii, 197 pp. £25.00, paper. CORNELIA ANN KAMMERER and NICOLA TANNENBAUM (eds). Merit and Blessing in Mainland Southeast Asia in Comparative Perspective. Monograph 45, Yale Southeast Asian Studies, 1996. 263 pp. No price given, paper. IAN CHALMERS and VEDI HADIZ (eds). The Politics of Economic Development in Indonesia: contending Perspectives. London and New York: Routledge, 1997. Author notes, preface, acknowledgments. xxx, 269 pp. £60.00, hardcover.


Vector‐valued frames were first introduced under the name of superframes by Balan in the context of signal multiplexing and by Han and Larson from the mathematical aspect. Since then, the wavelet and Gabor frames in L2(R,CL) have interested many mathematicians. The space L2(R+,CL) models vector‐valued causal signal spaces because of the time variable being nonnegative. But it admits no nontrivial shift‐invariant system and thus no wavelet or Gabor frame since R+ is not a group by addition (not as R ). Observing that R+ is a group by multiplication, we, in this paper, introduce a class of multiplication‐based dilation‐and‐modulation ( MD ) systems, and investigate the theory of MD frames in L2(R+,CL) . Since L2(R+,CL) is not closed under the Fourier transform, the Fourier transform does not fit L2(R+,CL) . We introduce the notion of Θa transform in L2(R+,CL) , and using Θa‐transform matrix method, we characterize MD frames, Riesz bases, and dual frames in L2(R+,CL) and obtain an explicit expression of MD duals for an arbitrary given MD frame. An example theorem is also presented.


Chapter 3 of Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897) includes "one of the most chilling scenes in all of horror fiction" (Skal 38). Disobeying Dracula, Jonathan Harker dozes off in a distant room in the Count's castle. When he awakens, Harker is surrounded by "three young women" (41), whose "brilliant white teeth" shine "against the ruby of their voluptuous lips." Harker, who feels "a wicked, burning desire that they would kiss" him "with those red lips," is approached by one of the women (42). But, just as her sharp teeth touch his throat, Dracula storms into the room, shoving the women aside: "Back, I tell you all! This man belongs to me!" (43). Frustrated and hungry, the female vampires seek a substitute, as Harker notes in his diary:


A method of optimizing the design of the sightseeing island micro-gird is described and combined with the actual case, simulation analysis is performed using the HOMOER. The simulation results show that for the sightseeing offshore island with limited natural resources, diesel-renewable-storage mixed micro-grid is more suitable for practical application and is the best choice. In the planning of sightseeing island microgrid, environmental protection requirements and system full standby needs should be taken into account.


1. Introduction 475 1.1 Ion channels 475 1.1.1 Gramicidin 476 1.1.2 Helix bundle channels 477 1.1.3 K channels 480 1.1.4 Porins 483 1.1.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 483 1.1.6 Physiological properties 483 1.2 Simulations 484 1.2.1 Atomistic versus mean-field simulations 484 2. Atomistic simulations 485 2.1 Modelling of ion-interaction parameters 485 2.1.1 Interatomic distances and the problem of ionic radii 486 2.1.2 Solvation energy 487 2.1.3 Hydration shells and coordination numbers 489 2.1.4 Parameters in common use and transferability 491 2.1.5 Summary 491 2.2 Water in pores versus bulk 491 2.2.1 Simple pore models 494 2.2.2 gA 495 2.2.3 Alm 496 2.2.4 LS36 (and LS24) 496 2.2.5 Nicotinic receptor M2δ5 497 2.2.6 Influenza A M2 497 2.2.7 K channels 497 2.2.8 nAChR 498 2.2.9 Porins 498 2.2.10 Relevance 499 2.2.11 Problems with simulations 501 2.3 Dynamics of ions in pores 503 2.3.1 Simple pore models 503 2.3.2 Helix bundles 504 2.3.3 gA and KcsA 505 2.4 Energetics of permeation and ion selectivity 509 2.4.1 Potential and free energy profiles 509 2.4.2 gA 510 2.4.3 α-Helix bundles 511 2.4.4 KcsA 512 2.4.5 Ion selectivity 514 2.4.6 Problems of estimating energetic profiles 515 2.5 Conformational changes 516 2.5.1 gA 516 2.5.2 Alm and LS3 516 2.5.3 KcsA 517 2.6 Protonation states 523 3. Coarse-grained simulations 524 3.1 Introduction 524 3.1.1 Predicting conductance magnitudes 525 3.2 Electro-diffusion: the Nernst–Planck approach 526 3.2.1 Calculating the potential profile from Poisson and PB theory 528 3.2.2 Calculating the potential profile from BD simulations 530 3.2.3 Combining Nernst–Planck and Poisson: PNP 530 3.3 Beyond PNP 532 3.4 BD simulations 532 3.4.1 Basic theory in ion channels 532 3.4.2 Incorporating the environment 533 3.5 Applications 535 3.5.1 Model systems 535 18.104.22.168 Solving the Poisson and PB equation for channel-like geometries 535 18.104.22.168 Comparing PB, PNP and BD 536 3.5.2 Applications to known structures 537 188.8.131.52 gA 537 22.214.171.124 Porin 539 184.108.40.206 LS3 540 220.127.116.11 Alm 542 126.96.36.199 nAChR 542 18.104.22.168 KcsA 543 3.6 pKa calculations 543 3.7 Selectivity 544 3.7.1 Anion/cation selectivity 545 3.7.2 Monovalent/divalent ion selectivity 545 4. Problems 546 4.1 Atomistic simulations 546 4.1.1 Problems 546 4.1.2 Parameters 548 4.2 BD 549 4.3 Mean-field simulations 549 5. Conclusions 550 5.1 Progress 550 5.2 The future 550 6. Acknowledgements 551 7. References 551 Ion channels are proteins that form 'holes' in membranes through which selected ions move passively down their electrochemical gradients. The ions move quickly, at (nearly) diffusion limited rates (ca. 107 ions s−1 per channel). Ion channels are central to many properties of cell membranes. Traditionally they have been the concern of neuroscientists, as they control the electrical properties of the membranes of excitable cells (neurones, muscle; Hille, 1992). However, it is evident that ion channels are present in many types of cell, not all of which are electrically excitable, from diverse organisms, including plants, bacteria and viruses (where they are involved in functions such as cell homeostasis) in addition to animals. Thus ion channels are of general cell biological importance. They are also of biomedical interest, as several dizeases ('channelopathies') have been described which are caused by changes in properties of a specific ion channel (Ashcroft, 2000). Moreover, passive diffusion channels for substances other than ions are common (porins, aquaporins), as are active membrane transport processes coupled to ion gradients or ATP hydrolysis. An understanding of ion channels may also provide a gateway to understanding these processes.


The electronic device comprising a display drive circuit and display driving circuit is disclosed. A display driving circuit includes a controller to enable the gray mode signal (gray mode signal) on the basis of an external signal input in accordance with one embodiment; And a data processing unit for processing in response to the gray mode signal, gray mode (gray mode), the input data (input data) to the gray data (gray data).


We study an optomechanical system for the purpose of generating a nonclassical mechanical state when a mechanical oscillator is quadratically coupled to a single-mode cavity field driven by a squeezed optical field. The system corresponds to a regime where the optical dissipation dominates both the mechanical damping and the optomechanical coupling. We identify that multi-phonon processes emerge in the optomechanical system and show that a mechanical oscillator prepared in the ground state will evolve into an amplitude-squared squeezed vacuum state. The Wigner distribution of the steady state of the mechanical oscillator is non-Gaussian exhibiting quantum interference and four-fold symmetry. This nonclassical mechanical state, generated via reservoir engineering, can be used for quantum correlation measurements of the position and momentum of the mechanics below the standard quantum limit.


This paper introduces the processing method of clutch tooth, sets forth the principle that step motor achieve angle auto-dividing by PLC and designs the system of PLC controlling.


This paper introduces computation compatibility and communication compatibility as requirements for a distributed mechanism implementation. Just as payments are used to create incentive compatible mechanisms, some technique must be used to create computation/communication compatible mechanisms. This paper explores computation redundancy and communication redundancy as two such techniques. This paper uses interdomain routing as an example domain, and considers where redundancy can succeed and fail in addressing cheating with respect to computation and communication.


This study tests the effects of neighborhood inequality and heterogeneity on crime rates. The results of this study, which were obtained by using a large sample of census tracts in 19 cities in 2000, provide strong evidence of the importance of racial/ethnic heterogeneity for the amount of all types of crime generally committed by strangers, even controlling for the effects of income inequality. Consistent with predictions of several theories, greater overall inequality in the tract was associated with higher crime rates, particularly for violent types of crime. Strong evidence revealed that within racial/ethnic group inequality increases crime rates: Only the relative deprivation model predicted this association. An illuminating finding is that the effect of tract poverty on robbery and murder becomes nonsignificant when the level of income inequality is taken into account; this finding suggests that past studies that failed to take income inequality into account may have inappropriately attributed causal importance to poverty. This large sample also provides evidence that it is the presence of homeowners, rather than residential stability (as measured by the average length of residence), that significantly reduces the level of crime in neighborhoods.


: This study focuses on an evaluation of the thermal volume change of normally-consolidated Kaolinite clay under both undrained and drained conditions. For the tests under either condition, clay specimens were heated in a modified triaxial test setup from room temperature (23 °C) to approximately 60 °C then subsequently cooled. In both tests, the thermal volume change of the clay specimen was inferred using image analysis. During heating, elastic expansion was observed for the undrained specimen while plastic contraction was observed for the drained specimen. The thermally-induced excess pore water pressures measured in the undrained specimen compared well with predicted values from a mechanistic model. However, the thermal volume change of the drained specimen predicted using the pore water pressures measured in the undrained specimen indicated an under-prediction, possibly due to the particular parameters used in the analysis as well as the possibility that thermally-accelerated creep may be superimposed atop thermal consolidation.


The aim of this work is the attainment of the TiO 2 - nanotube photocatalytic-growth condition using anodization, whereby the NH 4 F–H 2 O weight ratio is appropriately controlled. We fabricated the TiO 2 nanotubes using a two-step anodization (first step is 1 hr; second step is 30 hr) under the ambient pressure and the room temperature at 60 V in ethylene-glycol solutions to investigate the effects of the NH 4 F(0.1,0.3,0.5wt%) and H 2 O(1–3wt%) on the TiO 2 - nanotube geometry and the photocatalytic efficiency. Further, the decomposition efficiency of the methylene blue on the TiO 2 nanotubes by the UN radiation depended on the geometrical change of the nanotube geometry, indicating the proportionality of the decomposition efficiency to the surface area that was affected by the NH 4 F and H 2 O concentrations. As the NH 4 F weight was increased, the surface area initially decreased but slightly increased later, and the length consistently increased. As the H 2 O weight was increased, the surface area and length initially increased, but later decreased with the 3 wt% H 2 O.


Functional annotation of newly sequenced genomes is an important challenge for computational biology systems. While much progress has been made towards scalingup experimental methods for functional assignment to putative genes, most current genomic annotation systems rely on computational solutions for homology modeling via sequence or structural similarity. We present a new method for remote homology detection that relies on combining probabilistic modeling and supervised learning in high-dimensional features spaces. Our system uses a transformation that converts protein domains to fixed-dimension representative feature vectors, where each feature records the sensitivity of each protein domain to a previously learned set of 'protein motifs' or 'blocks'. Subsequently, the system utilizes Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers to learn the boundaries between structural protein classes. Our experiments suggest that this technique performs well relative to several other remote homology methods for the majority of protein domains in SCOP 1.37 PDB90. Author email: email@example.com, email@example.com c Compaq Computer Corporation, 2001 This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of the Cambridge Research Laboratory of Compaq Computer Corporation in Cambridge, Massachusetts; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributors to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproducing, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to the Cambridge Research Laboratory. All rights reserved. CRL Technical reports are available on the CRL's web page at http://crl.research.compaq.com. Compaq Computer Corporation Cambridge Research Laboratory One Cambridge Center Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 USA


Textbook of Organic, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Ch em i s t r v . . . . .. .. .... 124 Higher Cerebral Functions and their Clinical Disorders ...... 124 The Experience of Childbirth 125 The Basal Ga.n gl i a and their Relation to Disorders of Mo ve me n t .. . . 125 Radioisotopes and Bone 125 Wallchart: The Ear 125 Textbook of Medicine 126 H"lothane 126 Ccrrigendum: The Ch~~ist~y and' Phy';ics of Anesthesia 126 CORUESPONDENCE-


A pixel circuit of the present invention includes a first or a fifth Primary Military Occupational Specialty (PMOS) transistors, a storage capacitor and an organic light emitting diode. A first PMOS transistor includes a first electrode connected to a first voltage, a gate electrode connected to a scan line, and a second electrode. A second PMOS transistor comprises the first electrode connected to the second electrode of the first PMOS transistor, a gate electrode connected to a first data line, and the second electrode connected to a first node. A third PMOS transistor has the first electrode connected to the second voltage, the gate electrode connected to a scan line, and the second electrode. The forth PMOS transistor is equipped with the first electrode connected to the second electrode of the third PMOS transistor, the gate electrode connected to the second data line, and the second electrode connected to the first node. The fifth PMOS transistor includes the first electrode connected to a first power supply voltage, the gate electrode connected to the first node, and the second electrode. A storage capacitor has the first electrode connected to the first node and the second electrode connected to the first electrode of the fifth PMOS transistor. The organic light emitting diode is equipped with an anode electrode connected to the second electrode and a cathode electrode connected to a second power supply voltage.


In this thesis I analyze the distribution of negative markers in sentential negation in Moroccan
Arabic . Moroccan Arabic uses two negative markers to denote sentential negation: one in a preverbal
position-ma, and another one following the verb-sh.
I propose a structure based on the assumption that Moroccan Arabic has two NegPs. The lower
NegP hosts ma in its Spec and the higher NegP is the position where sh moves. Moreover, I
propose that ma is a clitic that left adjoins to the verb once the verb is in a c-commanding position
(following Boˇskovi´c's 2002 view on clitics).
This analysis is successful at accounting for the distribution of negative markers in verbal and
verbless sentences, and also at solving the problems exhibited by the previous analyses of bipartite
negation (Pollock 1989, Rowlett 1998, Benmamoun 1997, Bell 2004).
Furthermore, the same structure also accounts for the syntax of negative sentences containing
N-words, under the assumption that sh and N-words cannot co-occur because they compete for the
same position, namely the spec of the higher NegP.
Finally, to account for the syntax of negative sentences that carry metalinguistic negation, I
propose that the negators are in the CP field, rather than within the TP (following Martins's 2014
view on metalinguistic negation in European Portuguese). This analysis is successful at accounting
for the distribution of metalinguistic negators in both verbal and verbless sentences.


This paper investigates two aspects in this experiment. Linguistic techniques are used to categorize queries in a first step. This classification is then used to analyze systems performances in a TREC context. More precisely, we cluster TREC topics with 13 linguistic features (Mothe and al, 2005), and use the systems which have participated to TREC3, 5, 6, and 7 campaign. The results show that our method can improve the results of the retrieval process compared to CombMNZ technique (Lee, 1997) and the best systems of each TREC campaign. When evaluated on a training/testing mode, we obtain an improvement, depending on the years considered, from 3.72% to 5.97% for P@5 and from 1.48% to 6.73% for P@10.


The morphology, size, and surface area of nanoparticles (NPs), with the existence of functional groups on their surface, contribute to the drug binding affinity, distribution of the payload in different organs, and targeting of a particular tumor for exerting effective antitumor activity in vivo. However, the inherent chemical structure of NPs causing unpredictable biodistribution with a toxic outcome still poses a serious challenge in clinical chemotherapy. In this study, carbonate apatite (CA), citrate-modified CA (CMCA) NPs, and α-ketoglutaric acid-modified CA (α-KAMCA) NPs were employed as carriers of anticancer drugs for antitumor, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological analysis in a murine breast cancer model. The results demonstrated almost five-fold enhanced tumor regression in the cyclophosphamide (CYP)-loaded α-KAMCA NP-treated group compared to the group treated with CYP only. Also, NPs promoted much higher drug accumulation in blood and tumor in comparison with the drug injected without a carrier. In addition, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded NPs exhibited less accumulation in the heart, indicating less potential myocardial toxicity in mice compared to free DOX. Our findings, thus, conclude that CA, CMCA, and α-KAMCA NPs extended the circulation half-life and enhanced the anticancer effect with reduced toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutics in healthy organs, signifying that they are promising drug delivery devices in breast cancer treatment.


This chapter examines the complex dimensions of the role of community college global counterparts in the context of higher educational global flows. Data from a comparative literature review that covers over 40 years, explores "who" has been involved in the borrowing process, the variations of the "types" of borrowing that exist in terms of dependency and localization contexts, and "how" community college global counterparts have become ingrained in a variety of countries. The idea that the community college concept is a sole ownership of the United States that was then transmitted to nations around the world is not defensible. Indeed, when taken into consideration the context of the politics of borrowing, such as receiving and sending political, economic, and cultural systems, it is evident that multiple countries have and continue to affect the discourse of other countries on various levels. In particular, this chapter (a) describes historic and contemporary global patterns in terms of both "north" and "south" flows from which community college global counterparts proliferate; (b) discusses the types of these flows in relationship to purposeful or spontaneous adoption; and (c) highlights a contemporary reinvention of form that arises from current global flows.


In this paper, a novel descriptor for point matching, called Harris correlation descriptor (HCD), is proposed. Inspired by the Harris feature detector, we use the Harris correlation measure defined with the determinant and trace of the Harris correlation matrix to characterize the gradient distribution in a neighborhood of feature points, and then construct the HCD descriptor which is invariant to image rotation and linear change of intensity. The using of the gradient mean in the Harris correlation measure makes the HCD descriptor not sensitive to the estimated main orientation of feature points, thus robust to image rotation. Moreover, the HCD descriptor has also a good adaptability to other image transformations.


Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are widely proposed as an effective probe to trace the Hubble diagram of the Universe in high-redshift range. However, the calibration of GRBs is not as easy as that of Type-Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Most calibrating methods at present make use one or some of the empirical luminosity correlations, e.g. Amati relation. One of the underlying assumptions of these calibrating methods is that the empirical correlation is universal over all redshifts. In this paper, we check to what extent this assumption holds. Assuming that SNe Ia exactly trace the Hubble diagram of the Universe, we re-investigate the Amati relation for low-redshift (z 1.4) GRBs, respectively. It is found that the Amati relation of low-z GRBs differs from that of high-z GRBs at more than 3 sigma confidence level. This result is insensitive to cosmological models. We should be cautious when using Amati relation to reconstruct the Hubble diagram of the Universe.


1 This article argues that while current cyber literature focuses on cyber crime and cyber war, policy makers do not treat the most damaging cyber activity—large-scale economic espionage—in a manner commensurate with its importance. The threat from nation-states like China is real, and it requires a coherent strategy of response. The article analyzes the historic role of the U.S. government and the military in the protection of commerce from piracy and privateering at the turn of the last century. This provides useful context for the necessary debate over the role of the government and military in the defense of the modern cyberspace-enabled economy. This article further argues that there is a role for the US Government, and possibly the Department of Defense, in safeguarding US commerce in cyberspace just as it does in the physical domain. Policy leaders need to thoughtfully debate and define this role.


Investigation data insitu and simulation data in laboratory were used to study the relationship between different forms of phosphorus from sediments in the Sanya Bay and phosphorus release as well as the effect of environment on phosphorus release. The results showed that total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) accounts for 61% of the total phosphorus (TP) in the seawater of the Sanya Bay, and other phosphorus forms 30.7%. Inorganic phosphorus (PIN) is 70.7%, taking the main part of total phosphorus (PT) in sediments of the Sanya Bay, and other phosphorus forms 33.3%. DIP, TDP and TP fluxes across the sediment-seawater interface in the Sanya Bay is 15.31, 64.99 and 330.50μmol·(m2·d)-1respectively. The main factors affecting the release of phosphorus from sediments are of phosphorus form, PT, organic phosphorus (POR) and PIN. Changes of temperature, salinity and pH have some effects on the release of phosphorus from sediments. Similar phenomena have been found for TDP and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). 


A mechanism of redox catalysis is proposed where a multielectron process with the participation of a substrate molecule in the catalyst coordination sphere couples with a one-electron process from a donor to a polynuclear active center (or onto an acceptor). This mechanism probably is widespread in enzymatic catalysis and in model chemical reactions. It is especially important for unfavorable processes, such as nitrogen reduction in solutions. Other conditions being the same, the mechanisms allow the use of a milder reducing agent (or an oxidant) and ensures a higher rate than in catalytic systems where one-electron transfer and a reaction in the coordination sphere are separated in time and space.


The problem of maintaining the effectiveness of industrial policy is one of the most important not only in Ukraine, but also in most countries of the world. It is emphasized that the development of structural and fundamental factors should focus on the formation of promising competitive advantages based on knowledge and technologies, which will allow changing the structure of the national economy, overcoming its technological backwardness. Such branches of industry as machine building, iron ore and metallurgical industry, chemical and pharmaceutical industry, as well as a modern and powerful military-industrial complex should become strategically important for the national economy in the post-war period. It is emphasized that mechanical engineering in industrial policy needs special attention from the state, as this branch is a powerful moderator of the development of the entire economy of the country, creates a long economic chain of added value. The concept of smart specialization is relevant for implementation, which has an economic basis with a focus on regions through the identification of factors that can influence economic, scientific, and technological specialization within the framework of regional policy or within the framework of their impact on the mechanism of productivity, competitiveness, and economic growth. The problems of Donetsk and Luhansk regions – a region that needs modernization based on an innovative development model, sustainable development of territorial communities, stimulation of entrepreneurial activity, and strengthening of interregional ties – are considered. The reconstruction program should also focus on the restoration of industrial production with the mass introduction of new technologies and provide for the use of special tools for the restoration and modernization of industry, as a key area for generating the flow of income and increasing the employment of the population. Also, for a country that is rebuilding after the war, it is important to monitor and control financial flows aimed at the development of industry, in order to avoid the concentration of funds in the hands of one corporation or firm that will only care about its own profits.