In the article the role and consequences of crises in development of social and economic systems is considered. The special attention is given to specificity of display of the crisis phenomena in Russia in a cut of bankruptcy of the enterprises. Contradictions in development of institute of bankruptcy and economic consequences of these processes are in detail considered


The author focused on the problem of migration movement in the agricultural areas of the Steppes of Western Siberia, concerning the state regulation of the colonization process of the second half of XIX early XX centuries. The starting point of the research was the Great Reform of 1861 year which gifted liberty to peasants but did not cope with the agrarian problem in Russia. The incompleteness of such conversions stimulated migration mobility of the agricultural contingent that largely raised the activity of the central and regional bureaucracies to develop a program to subdue the eastern (borderlands), as well as the adoption of the resolutions regulating the colonization process which were displayed in the legislative and circular work. On the substantive aspect, migration to the Steppe Region (mainly to Akmolinsk and Semipalatinsk Oblasts) coincided with the general outlines of migration to other parts of Western Siberia -Tobolsk and Tomsk Provinces. However, in this process there were also a number of specific points. Firstly, the development of the southern steppe zone of Western Siberia started later and was of great strategic and military importance for the Russian Empire, which was realized in the active work of the administrative structures of the region and added a lot of powers to the local bureaucracy. Secondly, within the Steppes, Russian population was constantly in contact with the indigenous so that it required the government to participate actively in the consideration of the issue of migration. During the incorporation of the steppe territory with the Russian Empire, the principles of migration policy underwent constant modifications. The conflict between the higher central and the regional bureaucracy caused to constant and rigid discussion concerning feasibility of organizing the migration process within the boundaries of the Steppe Governor-General (Governorate General). At the same time, the vast majority of the Siberian institutions and agencies aggressively lobbied the idea of limiting and terminating of the migration movement in the Steppe Region. However, the migration movement itself was structured and developed mostly out of the state regulations. In the peasant community, direct or indirect restrictions relating to migrations and initiated by the representatives of the authorities, were either ignored or interpreted as a direct guide to implement their own migration motives. The reason for migration was the letters of those who had already moved beyond the Urals, as well as unchecked information distributed within the peasant community via informal channels. Thus, in many aspects the state regularly faced the facts of unsanctioned, unauthorized migration, and was compelled to recognize it post factum. Real economic achievements of migrants, who equipped in the agricultural districts of the Steppes Region, were of great importance to modify the state migration program.


The purpose of this research is to analyze the financial feasibility of rubber plantation Ex UPP TCSDP at Bina Baru Village Kampar Kiri Tengah District Kampar Regency. Bina Baru Village obtain assist Ex UPP TCSDP from Plantantion Office of Riau for 258Ha rubbers plant, 1 Ha of rubber is given to one farmer. The instruments of this research are; analyzing the NPV, Net B/C and IRR and also sensitivity analysis. The used of data is primary data and secondary data. Primary data is price data were obtained from farmers and secondary data is physics data obtained from related agencies. The result shower that analyzing NPV is Rp.63.691.097,62, Net B/C is 2,62 and IRR is 25%. The farmer income in one year is Rp.2.547.643,90. Analyzing of sensitivity of the changes of the production around 25%which slope NPV is 53,83%. The changes of the input around 15% which slope NPV is 17,30%. The changes of the output around 41% which slope NPV is 88,28%. These proofed the rubber plan is still able to do if there is the changes of price and three aspects, because the NPV value still give positive value and Net B/C value >1 and also IRR bigger than discount factor 12%.


This chapter examines practical justice, the practice of solving problems that are generally understood as problems pertaining to justice, wherever these arise. It juxtaposes Forst's paradigm of justice as justifiability with a paradigm of distributive justice. Contradicting Adorno's famous dictum that there could be no right life within the false one, the chapter follows an ethos of practice which consists in acting in accordance with the demands of justice notwithstanding unjust contexts around us. It then defends the distributive paradigm against criticism, noting that justice also distributes the burden of argumentation in a particular way, as well as the close relation between equality and freedom.


The article analyzes the accident rate in various regions of the Russian Federation based on the results of the five-year period 2015-2019, the main periods of time are identified for which a significant number of road accidents are characteristic. The main directions of activities to reduce the accident rate in certain periods of time are determined, practical recommendations and solutions are proposed. In general, the use of a detailed approach to the analysis of accidents makes it possible to concretize certain types of incidents and develop measures to reduce or completely eliminate them.


Abrasive blast cleaning is often done for steel structures before applying various protective coatings, which produces rough surfaces with changes in fatigue properties. This problem has been addressed in the low- and high-cycle fatigue regimes; however, the effect of surface roughness in combination with different loading parameters on the ultra-low cycle fatigue (ULCF) life has not been reported thus far. To this aim, a total of 59 ULCF tests on designed specimens of SM400 steel with five levels of surface roughness were performed under various loading frequencies and displacement amplitudes. The analysis of experimental results indicates a substantial reduction in fatigue life with an increase in the surface roughness and loading amplitude and a decrease in the loading frequency. Additionally, the strength degradation, dissipation energy, and load–displacement curves are discussed in detail. With the use of experimental data, a new life prediction model characterizing the combined effects of surface roughness, loading frequency, and loading amplitude on the ULCF life is proposed. Moreover, the proposed model is validated by predicting the fatigue life under variable and constant loading amplitude patterns. Comparison between experimental and theoretical results shows that the proposed model accurately estimates the ULCF life within an error band of ±15%, with a reasonable selection of model parameters.


Objective To explore the role of Sub-axial Injury Classification (SLIC) scoring system in the treatment of sub-axial cervical spine injury. Methods From May 2007 to February 2009, 34 patients with lower cervical spine injury were admitted into our department. They were 21 males and 13 females, with an age average of 31. 5 (range, 21 to 61 ) years. The causes for injury included traffic accident in 19 cases, fall in 11, direct violence in 2 and sports in 2. By American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) criteria, the neurologic function was graded as A in 6 cases, as B in 17, as C in 7, as D in 3 and as E in one. The 2 cases of less than 4 SLIC points received conservative treatment, one case of 4 SLIC points and 32 cases of more than SLIC 4 points received surgical treatment through anterior approach, posterior approach, or combined anterior-posterior approach. All cases were followed up and the therapeutic effects were evaluated based on SLIC points. Results The 2 cases having conservative treatment obtained fracture healing and pain relief, and the 32 cases having surgical treatment showed good bone fusion between 6 and 9 months and good maintenance of the intervertebral height and cervical curvature. All patients with neurological injury obtained an average improvement of 1. 1 ASIA grades. Conclusion SLIC scoring system is easy and plays a positive role in guiding conservative and surgical treatments of sub-axial cervical spine injury, leading to satisfactory results.

Key words:
Cervical spine; Wounds and injuries; Treatment


The article makes an analysis on the performance of the Food Purchase Program (PAA) in the municipality of Presidente Venceslau (SP), the PAA is a public policy that is buying products from family farms and giving the people insecure food and social institutions (kindergartens, nursing homes, home of the minor, orphanages and schools). The analysis to suggest that the PAA has narrowed rural-urban relations, as the agricultural products produced in agrarian reform settlements materialize in urban space and are able to directly intervene in the social condition of reproduction of the subject and at the same time consolidate actions to assist institutions, consolidating a connection between the productive dimension of the field as the basis of land reform and social welfare as a strategy for social security. Keywords: Public Policies, Food Security, Rural Settlements.


The features of mode field distribution of semiconductor laser were observed with the analysis of the Gauss beam propagation character and the beam ray-trace method.The fibre-optical external with the best coupling efficiency for laser device was wedge-shaped fibre-optical.Both radius and wedge angle of the wedge-shaped fibre-optical were optimized for the best coupling efficiency.The experiment indicates that coupling efficiency of wedge-shaped fibre-optical and semiconductor laser device is obvious better than a cone-endface-fibre.The best coupling efficiency is 87.2% at wedge-shaped fibre-optical angle 104° and the cylindrical radius 3.3 μm.


=Abstract= Facial palsy as the presenting symptom of leukemia is very rare, especially in acute myeloid leukemia. A review of the medical literature identified reports on 8 children with AML who had facial paralysis as the presenting sign. Whole brain irradiation (WBI) has been applied in most cases. We present the cases of 3 such children. Achieving a remission without WBI, the patients underwent stem cell transplantations (SCTs). Two patients remain event-free 52 months and 62 months after allotransplants. Facial palsy was the harbinger of leukemic relapse in one case after autotransplant. This patient is disease-free 59 months after unrelated SCT rescue. Facial palsy persisted in 2 cases. Allogeneic SCT without WBI may be an effective therapy in patients presenting with facial palsy. A brief review of the literature is presented here. (Korean J Pediatr 2009;52:713-716)


К ey words: GaAs: Te, the influence of doping, concentration, compensation, mobility, photoluminescence, temperature, impurity complexes, vacancies V Ga and V AS , scattering, non-monotonic dependence. Annotation: Presents research results of electrophysical and luminescent properties of single crystals of GaAs doped with Te to a concentration of charge carriers n=10 17 -7∙10 18 см -3 . Obtained nonmonotonic concentration dependence of the degree of compensation, the intensities of the impurity and the "boundary" of the bands of the recombination radiation, scattering of free charge carriers. The data obtained are interpreted as the result of the influence of the dopant redistribution vacancies in sublattices of the crystal, resulting in at n≈2∙10 18 см -3 to a change in the structural ensemble of impurity defects.


Parkinson's disease(PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder,representing clinical symptoms of muscle rigidity,tremors,and changes in speech and gait.Despite extensive research,neither the cause nor the mechanisms underlying the condition have been firmly established thus far.Abundant researches indicate that c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) signal pathway is associated with PD progression tightly.The apoptosis of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra may result from the activation of JNK signal pathway,followed by decrease of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ,release of cytochrome c and increase of reactive oxygen species.In this paper,we summarized five substances associated with the activation of JNK signal pathway and PD progression.


ABSTRACT This paper proposes a parity mismatch based gross error identification scheme for ampere magnitude measurements. In the parity mismatch method, the constant in a given system is calculated using the estimated state and the observed measurement. The gross error in the measurement then propagates through the calculation procedure and indicates a bias in the calculated value of constant. The difference between the calculated value of constant and the given value of constant is called as parity mismatch. These parity mismatches are then subjected to statistical test and the outliers are identified as grossly erroneous measurements. The success of this method is attributed to the inherent decoupling available in the model based parity mismatches and the modification in procedure of statistical test employed for identification.


Summary:  Purpose: Measurement of cerebral blood flow is routinely used to locate the areas involved in generation and spread of seizures in epilepsy patients. Because the nature of the hyperperfused regions varies with the timing of injection of tracer, in this study, we used a rat model of maximal electroshock seizures to follow up the time‐dependent changes in the distribution of seizure‐induced cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes.


A microphysically based material model for the dynamic inelastic response of a brittle material is developed. The progressive loss of strength as well as the post‐failure response of a granular material with friction are included. Crack instability conditions (an inelastic surface in stress space) and inelastic strains are obtained by considering the response of individual microcracks to an applied stress field. The assumptions of material isotropy and an exponential distribution for the crack radius are invoked to provide a tractable formulation. The constitutive model requires a minimal number of physical parameters, is compatible with a previously developed ductile fracture model [J. Appl. Phys. 64, 6699 (1988)] that utilizes inelastic surfaces, and can be formulated as an efficient, robust numerical algorithm for use in three‐dimensional computer codes. The material model is implemented into a Lagrangian computer formulation for the demonstration of material response to dynamic loading conditions. Com...


The Death Christ of Andrea Mantegna was a leap forward in the evolution of art and painting of the Renaissance because of its innovative and transgressive perspective. This paper presents a new enhancement of the work based on geometric analysis and culminating with a perspective correction; attending primarily on the change of the observation distance between the artist and his model.


—A bicycle is a form of transport that not only positively impacts the health of users, and the general population by reducing pollution levels but also constitutes an accessible and affordable means of transport for developing societies. However, when coexisting with other forms of transport, the accident rate is elevated, and the risk is high. Among the factors contributing to accidents involving bicycles are collisions with motor vehicles. These accidents can occur when a motor vehicle maneuvers and does not see the bicycle or when a motorist drives distracted. These types of accidents can be avoided if cyclists and motorists are aware of the environment and respect traffic laws and safety regulations. This research aims to develop a low-cost autonomous electronic system that provides extra protection to bicycle users, particularly by making them visible to other road users on cloudy days or at night. The system uses a 32-bit processor with brightness and acceleration sensors that trigger visual alerts to both the bicycle user and possible nearby vehicles. It also monitors and logs the signals on a server for route evaluation. The laboratory successfully evaluated the prototype, demonstrating its autonomy and performance. The test results obtained demonstrate the system's capacity to provide extra protection, in addition to its robustness and accuracy.


Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is an analytical framework for measuring environmental and social impacts of a product system or technology across its entire life (ISO 1997), and it supplies a basis for selecting among competing options. This editorial argues that LCA and related tools should be both integral and integrated with practice and scholarship in environmental engineering. Readers not familiar with LCA may consult the references listed below. In brief, LCA encompasses four objective, factbased procedures: In the LCA jargon, the "goal and scope definition" phase defines the aims, product/system, and system boundaries. System boundaries typically range from raw materials extraction and processing, manufacturing, product use, and final disposal. In the "inventory analysis," air emissions, waterborne effluents, solid wastes, other releases to the environment, energy and materials consumption, and other aspects are quantified for the defined system boundary and related to the product/system function. In "impact assessment," the inventory's outputs or burdens are analyzed with respect to environmental relevance, and outcomes are aggregated to a smaller number of relevant environmental categories to address short- and long-term impacts on human health and the environment. Aggregations usually address depletion of abiotic resources, depletion of biotic resources including impacts of land use and loss of biodiversity and life support function, greenhouse effect, stratospheric ozone depletion, ecotoxicity, photo-oxidant formation, acidification, eutrophication, odor, noise, radiation, waste heat, human toxicity, and casualties. In the "interpretation" step, the results are compared with the goal of the study. LCA is also an important tool for "life-cycle design" or "product improvement" where environmental considerations are integrated into product/system development. There are many variants on these themes, and many tools other than LCA with similar aims—e.g., "material flow analysis," "design for the environment," "green chemistry," and "environmentally conscious manufacturing." There is growing experience with the LCA framework in a wide range of analyses, ranging from everyday items that are well-recognized by the public, e.g., fast-food containers (paper versus plastic clamshell case—or bring-your-own ), to large-scale engineering systems, e.g., transportation and fuels infrastructure. In the environmental engineering field, LCA should have special meaning and consequence as it identifies, quantifies, and assesses the principal environmental burdens—pollutant discharges, environmental impacts, and health risks—that are associated with the system under analysis and that have been the focus of the field for decades. However, LCA studies are (or can be) holistic and much


Thermo optical behavior of two azomethine liquid crystals: 4-n-alkanoyloxybenzylidene-4-bromoanilines (Cn-1H2n-1COO-, n = 8); 8ABBA and 3-hydroxy-4-{[(4 iodophenyl) imino] methyl} phenyl alkanoates (Cn-1H2n1COO-, n = 18) ; 18ABIA comprising terminal bromo and iodo substituent's are investigated towards optical device applications by image analysis technique in conjunction with Polarizing Optical Microscopy which is based on intensities of the liquid crystal textures as a function of temperature. Thermal and optical properties of the liquid crystals are computed from the textures of samples using MATLAB software. Thermal properties such as transition temperatures, heat enthalpy, percentage of liquid crystallanity, phase stabilities and optical properties like transmittance, optical density, Birefringence and its dispersion are determined and results are discussed. The obtained results show that azomethine liquid crystals with terminal bromo substituent exhibit the good thermo optical behavior compared to terminal iodo substituent. Terminal bromo substituents are more suitable for optical device applications due to good optical properties.


From the perspective of medical anthropology, we aim to study the mutual perceptions between Peruvian immigrant users and functionaries involved in the process of maternal and child care in Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile. Marin 574, Depto. 503. Santiago, Region Metropolitana, Chile E-mail: andrealcar@hotmail 249 Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile. Maturana 957, pasaje 3, casa N° 2179, Santiago, Region Metropolitana, Chile. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 250 Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile. Jorge Quevedo 5285, Macul, Region Metropolitana, Chile. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 251 Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile Padre Mariano Chaparro 3870, Macul, Region Metropolitana, Chile. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 252 Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile. Avenida Salvador 327, Depto 5. Providencia, Region Metropolitana, Chile E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 253 Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com TOMO I – VII CONGRESO CHILENO DE ANTROPOLOGIA ANTROPOLOGIA EN EL BICENTENARIO. RETROSPECTIVAS, INTERESES DEL PRESENTE, APERTURAS 380 two clinics of SSMC. We used a qualitative approach, and a non-probabilistic sample, carrying out direct passive observation and 26 semi-structured interviews. Regarding the negative aspects of care that affect the Peruvian immigrants, we have classified the results into two types: differentiated and undifferentiated treatment. We understand the former as the result of a prejudice-based distinction, while the latter takes place when the functionaries give equal attention, not considering the particular needs of Peruvian immigrant users.


Hybrid system is a whole system in which the discrete part and continual part interact each other. It discusses the definition and the character of the hybrid systems. Then the hybrid characters of the traffic and transportation system is described. It sums up the hybrid system methods of studying transportation system, points out the shortcomings of the current studying methods and forecasts the future studying fields and methods.


115Background: We aimed to investigate the association of body composition with survival and efficacy of first-line treatments in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods:...


Intraoperative intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) measurements have been proposed as an effective assay in surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We have demonstrated the efficiency of the use of a hand-held gamma camera, eZ-SCOPE AN, with technetium-99m sestamibi (Tc-MIBI) scintigraphy for navigation surgery for PHPT. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the possibility that the eZ-SCOPE AN can replace the measurement of intraoperative iPTH in surgery for PHPT. Sixteen consecutive patients with documented primary hyperparathyroidism underwent surgery using this compact camera. iPTH was routinely measured preoperatively and 10 minutes after the complete removal of adenoma. All patients had a well-defined parathyroid lesion identified on preoperative Tc-MIBI. The eZ-SCOPE revealed hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in all cases. iPTH levels were decreased in all cases after the removal of adenomas. Our results suggest that this gamma camera is useful for confirming complete resection of endocrinologically active tissue in surgery for PHPT. In selective patients with scan-positive cases identified by preoperative Tc-MIBI, the eZ-SCOPE may replace the intraoperative iPTH assay in surgery for PHPT.


SummaryIn gold dermatitis dense black granula are revealed in the basal skin epithelia and the subcutaneous mast cells by the use of the sulfide silver method. It is very probable that we have to do with gold deposits, but not gold sulfide. During BAL treatment the granula disappeared in one of 5 cases examined, in three there was a clear diminution, and in one case there were no histochemic changes. During this BAL treatment the dermatitis subsided.


The two books under review, impeccably (if expensively) produced by Cambridge University Press, contain much new and valuable work. Their proper understanding, however, also requires them to be read in the context of two wellworn approaches to the relations between science and magic, or the occult. One approach, aiming at an understanding of the past in its own terms rather than through modern superimpositions, could perhaps be summed up by Lord Whitelaw's demanding dictum: "It is a great mistake ever to prejudge the past." I Allowing for significant differences between some of its subscribers, this school is represented by the work of Yates, Pagel, Walker, Rattansi, Debus and Rossi.? It developed partly as a reaction against earlier Whig or triumphalist accounts of science. Against these, it was asserted that resurgent Neoplatonism including strong components of Hermetic magic, alchemy and astrology was an important contributing factor to sixteenth and seventeenth century science. Emphasis is placed on congruences and continuities within the early modern period, and on the need to respect differences between that period and our own. Unsurprisingly, there has been no lack of scholars ready to restate and defend the earlier position, or variants of it. That position embodies the opposite sentiment, that what is science now was (in all fundamental respects) science then, and the same, mutatis mutandis, for the occult; in short, that "Things have never been more like the way they are today in history" (Dwight D. Eisenhower). Proponents such as Hall, Hesse, Westman and McGuire, and Rossi (again) are anxious to emphasize the more narrowly 'internal' development of science, and its relative autonomy from its metaphysical and especially social context.'


We survey the model theory of difference fields, that is, fields with a distinguished automorphism σ. After introducing the theory ACFA and stating elementary results, we discuss independence and the various concepts of rank, the dichotomy theorems, and, as an application, the Manin–Mumford conjecture over a number field. We conclude with some other applications. Difference field are fields with a distinguished automorphism σ. They were first studied by Ritt in the 1930s. A good reference for the algebraic results is [Cohn 1965]. Interest in the model theory of difference fields started at the end of the eighties, particularly during the MSRI logic year, because of two questions. The first question stemmed from the failure of Zil'ber's conjecture: there is a strongly minimal theory extending the theory of algebraically closed fields of any given characteristic. People were looking at the possibility of finding a nondefinable automorphism σ of F p (the algebraic closure of the field Fp with p elements), such that Th(F p ,+ , · , σ) is strongly minimal. This question so far remains open. The second problem had to do with the difference fields Fq = (F p ,+ , · , φq), where q is a power of p and φq : x 7→ x is a power of the Frobenius automorphism x 7→ x. The hope was to generalise the work of Ax on finite fields to these structures, and in particular to describe the theory of the non-principal ultraproducts of the difference fields Fq. These questions led Macintyre, van den Dries and Wood to look for a model companion of the theory of difference fields, and to prove various results (decidability, description of the completions, etc . . . ) for this theory, henceforth called ACFA. For details and attribution of results, see [Macintyre 1997]. I should also mention that the second problem was solved recently, by Hrushovski [1996b] and Notes based on lectures given at MSRI, January 98.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the role of diagnostic nerve block in predicting the outcome of botulinum toxin type A treatment for spastic equinovarus foot due to chronic stroke.

DESIGN
Pilot, retrospective, observational study.

PATIENTS
Fifty chronic stroke patients with spastic equinovarus foot.

METHODS
Each patient was given diagnostic tibial nerve block (lidocaine 2% perineural injection) assessment followed by botulinum toxin type A inoculation into the same muscles as had been targeted by the nerve block. All patients were evaluated before diagnostic nerve block, after the nerve block, and 4 weeks after botulinum toxin injection. Outcomes were ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion of the affected side, and calf muscle spasticity, measured with the modified Ashworth scale and the Tardieu Scale.

RESULTS
Significant improvements were measured after diagnostic nerve block and botulinum toxin injection compared with the baseline condition. Diagnostic nerve block led to significantly greater improvements in all outcomes than botulinum toxin injection.

CONCLUSION
This study confirmed diagnostic nerve block as a valuable screening tool in deciding whether to treat spastic equinovarus with botulinum toxin. However, the results support the evidence that diagnostic nerve block results in a greater reduction in muscle overactivity than does botulinum toxin type A in patients with spastic equinovarus due to stroke.


This paper aims to investigate how adequate cognitive functions for recognizing, predicting, and generating a variety of actions can be developed through iterative learning of action-caused dynamic perceptual patterns. Particularly, we examined the capabilities of mental simulation of one's own actions as well as the inference of others' intention because they play a crucial role, especially in social cognition. We propose a dynamic neural network model based on predictive coding which can generate and recognize dynamic visuo-proprioceptive patterns. The proposed model was examined by conducting a set of robotic simulation experiments in which a robot was trained to imitate visually perceived gesture patterns of human subjects in a simulation environment. The experimental results showed that the proposed model was able to develop a predictive model of imitative interaction through iterative learning of large-scale spatio-temporal patterns in visuo-proprioceptive input streams. Also, the experiment verified that the model was able to generate mental imagery of dynamic visuo-proprioceptive patterns without feeding the external inputs. Furthermore, the model was able to recognize the intention of others by minimizing prediction error in the observations of the others' action patterns in an online manner. These findings suggest that the error minimization principle in predictive coding could provide a primal account for the mirror neuron functions for generating actions as well as recognizing those generated by others in a social cognitive context.


The article is devoted to the consideration of the concept of language determinant, which was developed by Prof. G.P. Mel'nikov. The productivity of this concept is shown to explain the sociophonetic and iconic phonosymbolic nature of such phenomena as vocalic harmony - okanje as overusing vowel sound O and akanje as overusing vowel sound A.


Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Phone Number: 08036728337 Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria The study determined relationship between foreign direct investment and agricultural sub sector's productivity as well as overall sector's productivity in Nigeria. Time series data were used, and the time frame covered the period 1986 to 2016. Data were sourced from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was conducted on the specified series to ascertain their stability. Growth analyses revealed that, crop and livestock sub-sectors' productivity have positive exponential growth rates of 0.05% and 0.006% respectively. Also, forestry and fishery sub sectors' productivity grew at the rate of 0.57%. Similarly, exponential growths in overall agricultural sector and FDI stood at -1.33% and -7.056% respectively. The empirical result showed that, crop sub sector's productivity has a significant positive relationship with FDI in the long run; while livestock sub sector productivity showed negative relationship. There was no significant relationship between FDI and fishery as well as forestry sub-sectors' productivity in Nigeria. The result also revealed significant positive relationship between agricultural sector productivity and FDI both in the short and long run periods. Furthermore, the volume of credit to agricultural sector, unemployment rate and demand capacity impacted significantly on the sub sectorial productivities and the overall agricultural sector's productivity in Nigeria. Mainstreaming Global best Practices in the domestic policy environment to create internationally acceptable environment for FDI to flourish and achievement of stability of microeconomic fundamentals would be sensible policy option. Keyword: Foreign direct Investment, Agricultural growth, Agricultural Policy, Nigeria


tag=1 data=Messy, opinionated, but never dull. by Stuart Kennedy

tag=2 data=Kennedy, Stuart

tag=3 data=Business Review Weekly,

tag=4 data=16

tag=5 data=9

tag=6 data=14 March 1994

tag=7 data=86-87.

tag=8 data=COMPUTERS

tag=10 data=The Internet is a buzzing hive of computer communications, a sort of pop culture, e-mail carrier and information source with 20 million users in 130 countries.

tag=11 data=1994/6/3

tag=12 data=94/0234

tag=13 data=CAB


Incentive programs that reward workers for avoiding accidents and injuries have been a mainstay of occupational health and safety programs in construction and many other industries for years. Employers offer free lunches, raffles, and prizes to workers when their department, factory or construction site achieves a set number of days without a workplace injury. These programs are attractive because counting injury-free days offers a quick and easy way to measure safety performance and explain the results to workers. However, injury-based incentive programs have recently come for good reason.


The aim of this study was to analyze the morphologically the fatty body of fourth-instar Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae under light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Two distinct portions of the fat body were detected: the parietal (PA) and perivisceral (PV). The PA, the parietal portion, presented a long-stripped shape located below the tegument and lateral to the digestive tube. The PV, rarely observed, was in dorsal region, adhered to digestive wall. Both the portions were constituted of only one cellular type, the trophocytes. These cells in the PA were organized in one layer of thickness showing cylindrical contiguously morphology, whereas the PV was comprised by a mass of small cells, superposed as clusters. Both the portions were covered by a layer of connective tissue, grouping the trophocytes and keeping them separated from the hemolymph. The cytoplasm of the trophocytes from the PA presented acidophilic stain, while the basophilic cytoplasmic of the trophocytes from the PV was due to the large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum. From the results, it could be concluded that the fat body presented morphological and ultrastructural differences according to the portion and that these features could characterize distinct functions.


In the article the leading directions of increasing of general scientific training efficiency at the maritime university are considered. On the base of an integrated approach to educational process grade levels, didactic means of forming of knowledge system, control and correction of process of mastering of knowledge are allocated.


It is shown here that, by using galaxy catalog correlation data as input, measurements of microwave background radiation (MBR) anisotropies should soon be able to test two of the inflationary scenario's most basic predictions: (1) that the primordial density fluctuations produced were scale-invariant and (2) that the universe is flat. They should also be able to detect anisotropies of large-scale structure formed by gravitational evolution of density fluctuations present at the last scattering epoch. Computations of MBR anisotropies corresponding to the minimum of the large-scale variance of the MBR anisotropy are presented which favor an open universe with P(k) significantly different from the Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum predicted by most inflationary models.


Empirical studies conducted in the Philippines show that learners struggle amidst the abrupt implementation of online education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was conducted to determine if students can thrive in such a difficult situation and if this thriving is instrumental in building grit, that is, perseverance in achieving long-term goals. There were 181 university students (39 males, 135 females, 7 unidentified) who took part in an online survey. It was investigated if thriving can predict grit directly and indirectly through self-efficacy and if this link is moderated by academic stress. The results showed that thriving is associated with higher grit and this relationship is mediated by self-efficacy. It was also shown that the impact of thriving on grit was strongest when academic stress is high. © Copyright: The Author(s). All articles are licensed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>).


This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of the first microfabricated three-axis tunable force sensor with sub-micronewton measurement uncertainty. The sensing range can be electrically tuned from +/-20 µN to +/-200 µN while taking measurements, ensuring optimal sensor characteristics for a large variety of applications. Since the sensor has been pre-calibrated for the entire tuning range the exact sensor gain and its uncertainty is known. Real-time, three degree of freedom force feedback makes this sensor a valuable tool for micromanipulation.


A method is described for parallelizing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations by block-decomposing the matrix of bonded and non-bonded force computations. It is particularly useful for organic simulations (polymers, proteins) because it requires no geometric information about the simulation domain unlike spatial-decomposition methods. Because its communication cost scales as N/{radical}P rather than N as in the all-to-all broadcast or ring-exchange techniques commonly used in this type of MD simulation, larger numbers of processors can be used effectively, yielding greater parallel speed-ups.


We discuss an investigation exploring students' difficulties with equations involving resistance, capacitance and inductance. We find that introductory physics students have great difficulty understanding, e.g., how the resistance of an ohmic resistor can be written in terms of the potential difference across it and the current through it, but it does not change when the potential difference across the resistor is varied. Similar confusions arose in problems relating to capacitors and inductors. We discuss these difficulties with equations in the context of introductory physics students' performance on questions about circuit elements both in the free-response and multiple-choice formats.


Sorption and desorption of Streptomycin( STR) onto soil of Inner Mongolian pastoral area extracted from sediment were studied in the presence of three types of surfactants( cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,CTAB; sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate,SDBS; Triton X-100,TX-100) to examine the role of surfactants in sorption and desorption.Linearity of the sorption isotherms of STR increased in the presence of surfactants. CTAB inhibit the sorption capacity and irreversibility of STR on soil. However,the presence of SDBS reduced the sorption capacity and desorption hysteresis. Unlike CTAB and SDBS,the influence of TX-100 on sorption and desorption was concentration dependent. Low levels of TX-100 enhanced STR sorption than high levels. With increasing concentration of TX-100,TX-100 solubilization effect of the STR is intensified. Adsorption migrate to the water phase at the surface of the soil,thus inhibiting the adsorption of the STR and promoting desorption of the STR


Nramp family transporters—expressed in organisms from bacteria to humans—enable uptake of essential divalent transition metals via an alternating-access mechanism that includes proton co-transport. We present high-resolution structures of Deinococcus radiodurans (Dra)Nramp at complementary stages of its transport cycle to provide a thorough description of the Nramp transport cycle by identifying the key intramolecular rearrangements and changes to the metal coordination sphere. Strikingly, while metal transport requires cycling from outward-to inward-open states, efficient proton transport still occurs in outward-locked (but not inward-locked) DraNramp. We propose a model in which metal and proton enter the transporter via the same external pathway to the binding site, but follow separate routes to the cytoplasm, thus resolving the electrostatic dilemma of using a cation co-substrate to drive a cation primary substrate. Our results illustrate the flexibility of the LeuT fold to support a broad range of co-substrate coupling and conformational change mechanisms.


Targeting the great uncertainty of the process lead time in the international supply and distribution networks,the paper proposed a coordination framework of mixed multi-agent policies between the quay system and supply chains,and built a loop optimization decision-making model based on the tactical lead time. According to the different requirements for the supply chain responsiveness, suitable policies were chosen to control the mean flow time of the quay front operating system in an international supply chain node,to regulate the lead time fluctuation of the international supply chains, and to drive the goal optimization of the supply chain performance between time and cost. The research adopted a combination of multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm and neural network and used an example of simulating the planning decision process of supply chain oriented policies adopted by a container quay. The results demonstrated that the proposed policies could enhance the synergy effects between the quay tactical planning and the goals of time-sensitive supply chains. Although more operational equilibrium cost was needed to regulate the lead time fluctuation,the obtained certainties of the time goal can evidently improve the overall performance of the supply chain network.


The study investigates the effects of activities of financial institutions (FIs). In particular, an econometric study has been undertaken to examine the 'supply-leading' and 'demand-following' characteristics of FI activities. The investigation is conducted by employing time series data using certain macro variables over the period 1962-63 to 1996-97. Our analysis shows the existence of a strong supply-leading (SL) relationship from real disbursements to real investments. The SL relation is further confirmed through the Sims causality tests. The demand-following (DF) relationship from real investments to real disbursements finds weak confirmation via the Sims causality test. Evidence therefore supports the presence of a strong SL link in the Indian context.


Specific goals The new radiological protection system for the environment increases the need to estimate radiation doses to non-human biota in their specific environment. Therefore, reliable and realistic dose models are needed in risk assessments of biota. Current dose models for biota (e.g. ERICA, 2007) have been developed mainly to be used as a screening tool for the assessor and little guidance exists for cases where dose limits or screening values are exceeded. The simplified screening dose models assume a homogenous distribution of radionuclides in the organism and calculate a whole-body dose. In addition, only three types of ecosystems (terrestrial, freshwater, and marine) are available in the existing dose models and differences in soil type and heterogeneous distributions of radionuclides in the soil profile are not considered. In this proposed research project, radiation doses to important organs such as skin, liver and gonads in reference organisms suggested by ICRP (2009) will be calculated with a Monte Carlo dose model that will be developed. Validation of the model will be based on: (i) dose calculation with this model for various biota and organs based on soil and sediment samples from a wetland site with previously determined radionuclide distributions (Cs-137, U-series, Th-series, K-40) in the soil profile and specific soil composition. The field site is a riparian wetland north of Gävle in Sweden, a type of ecosystem that fall between the terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in existing screening dose models but that may accumulate high levels of radionuclides such as Cs-137 from a flooding stream (Stark et al., 2006). The dose data will be validated by comparison with in situ TL-dosimetry based dose measurement in animal phantoms. (ii) comparison of dose calculations with this model and the RES-DAD-BIOTA and ERICA models for generic soil compositions and radionuclide distributions.


The financial market dynamics as part of International Monetary and Financial System (IMFS), become very relevant and important at least due to the last two last decades experiences, when the excessive diversification, the lack of regulation and weaker monitoring policy implementation have marked on negative manner the market game, disrespecting the economic rationales on regional and global level. On the present paperwork, the authors have aimed to describe the most relevant functional determinants of the market efficiency, with the reference of market value assessment, risk diversification tendencies and capital allocation process. Following the proposed theoretical model comprising the market efficiency variables, the article conclusions are focused on functional depiction of International Monetary and Financial System dynamics and its sensibilities related to the market game and speculations.


DESCRIBED a convergent synthesis COMPOUNDS OF VITAMIN D-NOR 19, SPECIFICALLY 19-NOR-1O, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. ALSO CAN USE THE SYNTHESIS EASILY TO PREPARE OTHER COMPOUNDS OF 19-NOR EL PASO KEY IN THE SYNTHESIS is an application PROPER PROCEDURE Lythgoe, THAT IS A HORNER-Wittig reaction of the anion LITHIUM phosphine oxide WITH A Windaus CETONA GRUNDMANN TO FACILITATE, AFTER ANY NECESSARY lack of protection, the desired compound of 19-NOR


This paper examines global challenges and implement atio of sustainable religious education in Nigeria. The world is full o f challenges in all ramifications especially in the 21 st century. These challenges are affecting the under developed countries such as Nigeria and these challenges are poverty, bad governance, lack of quality education, poor edu cational programme and policy, terrorism, herdsmen killings, kidnappings, corruption and other social vices especially among the youths. However, with th e implementation of sustainable religious education where people receiv e sound religious education in the various Nigerian Universities, the challenges can be mitigated. The learner will acknowledge the dignity of human beings and apply the necessary religious values that can bring about peace and development in all facets of life or as a panacea t o development. This paper examines the needs of Africa's involveme nt in the implementation of a sustainable religious education as a means of olving the challenges faced in different ramifications especially in the 21 st century. These challenges are affecting the entire world but much more in the under developed c ountries in Africa such as Nigeria. In the words of Anyam (2011)the challenges can be s een as poor governance, poverty, lack of education, poor educational programme and p olicy, terrorism, herdsmen killing kidnapping, corruption and other social vices espec ially among the youths who are the leaders of tomorrow. Implementation and sustenance of r ligious education in Nigeria where learners can receive sound religious educatio n in our various universities can greatly curb the problem. The learners will acknowl edge the dignity of human beings and apply all the necessary religious values that c an bring about peace and development in all facets of life which will in turn bring abou t development in all its ramifications. This paper focuses on Africa but with Nigeria as a case study. The paper also presents definitions of some major terms such as: the concep t of religious education, sustainable


We design a case control study to evaluate the gait deviations of patients with early osteoarthritis(OA) of the knee, which are subtle and difficult to observe clinically. Twenty-six patients with symptomatic OA were recruited from the outpatient department. The control group consisted of 20 normal subjects who were matched for age, body weight, and body height. Both the patient and control groups were subjected to a similar protocol of gait analysis with comfortable speed. The peak value of angular displacement of pelvic tilt up, pelvic tilt down, knee valgus, ankle dorsifexion, and ankle rotation were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the OA group. The peak angular displacement of knee varus of the OA group was significantly higher. The OA group also had significant higher peak moment in hip flexion, hip abduction, knee extension, knee valgus and plantarfiexion. However, the peak moment of knee flexion and varus were significantly lower than the control group. Patients tend to restrict the motion of ankle dorsiflexion, ankle rotation, and knee valgus to diminish pain. The decreased pelvic tilt up and down may also be due to the restricted motion of lower leg. The increased varus angular displacement is the result of varus deformity and ligamentous laxity, as a result of the long standing varus deformity of knee joint which transforms the mechanical axis of lower extremity and produces excess loading over the medial compartment. As the varus deformity increases, the valgus moment inevitably increases in order to achieve stability of knee joint during ambulation. The limited range of motion (ROM) at the end stage of knee extension may contribute to the increased extension moment of knee at stance phase to avoid buckling. This limitation of ROM also influences the ankle and hip joints, increasing the joint moment of plantarflexion, hip flexion and hip abduction. The OA group produces negative knee joint power and generate lower ankle joint power than the control group at pre-swing phase. Therefore, we can infer that the OA group can not generate power at pre-swing phase is due to poor propulsive force at pre-swing phase. In conclusion, patients with early osteoarthritis of knee joint have certain gait features during ambulation. The characteristic poor propulsion at pre-swing phase of knee and ankle joints could be an early sign of OA that may was used as a reference of clinical assessment.


I enjoyed reading this paper. It presents a laborious research that provided the refined chronology and morphological architecture of a huge coastal plain of UsumacintaGrijalva in Mexico. While I would prefer to call this coastal system a wave-dominated delta rather than a beach-ridge complex, the paper presents valuable data which potentially provides insights into the nature of the beach ridge and associated long-term coastal evolution. You attempted making the paper focused and appealing by stressing the possible linkage of the beach-ridge height to the fluvial sediment supply, but the present data so far may not be convincing enough. With a nice combination of


The residence time distribution in W-SFCW system experiments was studied using the reactor theory,from chemical engineering.Based on analyses and comparisons of the flow characters of SFCW and an ideal reactor,it is concluded that the W-SFCW system has shorter treatment time and higher removal efficiency than an SFCW system under the same hydraulic loading.


This article talks about the saving and self-imposed exile tradition of the chinese intellectuals.We can get the reason why Xiao Jianqiu left the Furong Town and predict his future by analyzing the character structure and the leaving-returning-leaving cycle structure of the article.So we can know the situation of the Chinese intellectuals in the 1920's.


The invention relates to semi-aromatic high-temperature resistant nylon and its preparation method. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: by weight, adding 75-95 parts of nylon salt, 0.2-0.8 part of an end-capping reagent, 0.1-0.6 part of a catalyst, 0.5-1 part of an antioxidant, 0.1-0.5 part of a lubricant and 30-50 parts of deionized water into a stirred polymerization autoclave, synthesizing a high-temperature resistant nylon prepolymer in a high-pressure stirred tank reactor, and carrying out melting extrusion on the prepolymer through a double screw extruder twice. According to the invention, devolatilization efficiency is raised, tackifying time is shortened, and simultaneously the high-viscosity polymer in the reaction vessel can be smoothly discharged. By different extrusion temperatures, high-temperature degradation of the prepolymer is prevented. Intrinsic viscosity of the high-temperature resistant nylon prepared by the method is higher than that of a polymer prepared by a present method. Therefore, the obtained nylon in the invention has better mechanical properties.


The cover shows the 3D-morphology of the eutectic Si phase in an unmodified AlSi12-alloy. These 3D-structures were reconstructed by means of a new Focused Ion Beam Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (FIB-EDX) method. More about the study of the three-dimensional morphology of different eutectic architectures of unmodified and Sr-modified AlSi-alloys can be found in the article by F. Lasagni et al. on page 719.


§1. Introduction Darboux transformation is successfully used by some authors to solve quite a few soliton equations in recent years. In this paper, we are going to use this approach to the study of some kind of discrete soliton equations. Consider the discrete Ablowitz-Ladik eigenvalue problem with four potentials:


OBJECTIVE To Synthesize Raloxifene Hydrochloride. METHOD Raloxifene was synthesized by cyclizing and demethoxylating of 3 methoxybenzenethiol, then treated with 4 [2 (1 pyrroldinyl)ethoxy]benzoyl chloride in the presence of monothioglycol to give Raloxifene Hydrochloride. RESULTS The melting point and element analsis, IR, 1HNMR of the product prepared were identical with that of the reported one.CONCLUSION The process can be easily controled and is suitable for a scale production.


In this article, a smartphone model in ABAQUS is created. We will design a trace for the model to imitate the expandable display. All material parameters including Young Modulus, Poisson's Ratio and structure of the display model were provided by some display company according to their experiments. The model is created in 2Ddeformable, which can be used to inspect the section of the expandable display. Revising the thick of some modules, changing the position of the modules such as exchanging the position, and using some different material to replace some modules etc. In these ways, we can get the necessary data we need to evaluate the mechanical properties and get the best match for the expandable display by analyze the mechanical properties. International Conference on Display Technology 2021 (Volume 52, Issue S2)


Objective To investigate the effects of astragalus membranaceus on oxidative stress in mice with alcoholic liver injury and explore the protective mechanism of astragalus membranaceus for acute alcoholic liver injury.Methods The different doses of astragalus membranaceus(0.5,1.0g/kg)were intragastrically administrated,once a day for 7days.The mouse model of acute liver injury was induced by means of intragastric infusion of 50% alcohol,once a day for 3 days.The activities of alanine amino-transferase(ALT),aspartate amino-transferase(AST) in plasma,superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) in liver tissues and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH) were determined.Results Compared with normal control group,the levels of ALT,AST and MDA in model control group were significantly increased(P0.01),and the levels of SOD,GSH-PX and GSH were significantly decreased(P0.01).Compared with model control group,astragalus membranaceus could obviously decrease the levels of ALT,AST and MDA and significantly increase the levels of SOD,GSH-PX and GSH(P0.05 or P0.01).Compared between the two-dose groups of astragalus membranaceus,the effects of high-dose group were more obviously and there had significant difference(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion Astragalus membranaceus can alleviate acute alcoholic liver injury,and the mechanism is probably related to the anti-oxidative stress.


Different approaches dealing with formulating pupils' of the last forms vocal-chorus abilities in the classes of chorus in the condition of musical school are considered in this article. The main notions are defined and the peculiarities of accomplishment of vocal-chorus exercises are based.


Abstract We analyse the feasibility of replacing hexagonal mirror segments with circular segments in very large telescopes, requiring approximately the same performance in the spatial frequency domain. The potential advantages of circular segments are that they are easier to fabricate and there is a decreased amount of stray light contribution from the edges.


Indonesia is the 4th largest country in Southeast Asia with a population of 262 million which needs to be considered the success rate of its human resources, because of a strong country that has a strong foundation, one example is the intelligence of human resources. Global competition proves that HR requires strong competence in all fields, generally in the field of technology. However, the lack of equitable education, as well as the conventional education system, makes the country of Indonesia far behind compared to other neighboring countries. The challenge of this 4.0 era is an opportunity to bring up the development of a combination of Industry 4.0 and the education curriculum in Indonesia. There are four issues why the Indonesian education system and curriculum needs to be reviewed. Where there is a literature study and SWOT analysis method used as a reference in solving problems and there is a significant scope. In this paper, competencies are needed to enable success between the integration of education management and the industrial era 4.0 which will be discussed and analyzed based on the facts and reality of the education system in Indonesia which can then be presented in a comprehensive curriculum.


Abstract This article1 suggests that some works in the muraqqa' of Bahram Mirza (Shah Tahmasp's brother) in 951/1544-45 (Istanbul, Topkapı Palace Library, H. 2154) may have come from the well-known album compiled and decorated by Bihzad, from which only the preface by Khvandamir remains. Dust Muhammad (the calligrapher) thus included the works of Bihzad that had previously been part of Bihzad's album, together with their captions, in Bahram Mirza's muraqqa'. In working on his album, Dust Muhammad followed the style of Bihzad, adding the inscriptions to the unsigned works in the same handwriting in similarly decorated panels. It suggests that Bahram Mirza's muraqqa' follows the same arrangement as that compiled earlier by Bihzad, which was probably one of Bihzad's most important works of the Safavid period when he worked in the court workshop of Shah Tahmasp in Tabriz.


A new rough set approach for knowledge acquisition is presented. It firstly transforms the case sets into the binary decision system, then discompose the system into some simple subsystems according to decision attribute. Rough set theory is used to analyze data and induct the optimal rules to every subsystem. During reducing the condition attribute sets and rules, a probability based optimal reduct criterion and a probability based minimum rule criterion are presented, which can be used to get the minimum rule sets in a sense of probability. Finally operation procedure is given by analyzing a real example and the result testifies that it is better than other methods.


The purpose of this paper is to synthesize some new azobenzene dyestuffs clubbed with thiazolidinone moiety and their solicitation in dyeing polyester fabrics representing their antibacterial evaluation.,Herein, the authors report the synthesis of new thiazolidinone moiety after the coupling of diazotized 4-aminoacetophenone with resorcinol. The newly synthesized dyes were characterized by IR, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral studies. The characteristics of dyeing of these dyestuffs were evaluated at optimum conditions. Concurrent with dyeing of polyester fabric for synthesized dyes with their antibacterial activity was estimated. Antimicrobial activity of the dyed fabrics at different concentrations was evaluated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.,Synthesized azobenzene dyestuffs clubbed with thiazolidinone dyes were applied on polyester fabrics. It was remarked that the modified dyes exhibited better colourfastness properties. Furthermore, the synthesized dyes revealed antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.,The synthesized azobenzene dyes for polyester dyeing were not bore earlier.,The azobenzene dyes were accountable for giving improved colourfastness properties on polyester fabrics.,The synthesized azobenzene derivatives are sensibly expensive and applicable dyes accompanied with good antimicrobial and anticancer activities.,A common process could be affording textiles of colour and antibacterial assets. The newly synthesized dyes containing thiazolidinone moieties with azobenzene coupler showed interesting disperse colourant for polyester with good antibacterial activity.


We present equivalent definitions of code loops in any characteristic p �= 0. The most natural definition is via combinatorial polarization, but we also show how to realize code loops by linear codes and as a class of symplectic conjugacy closed loops. For p odd, it is possible to define code loops via characteristic trilinear forms. Related concepts are discussed.


This study was undertaken to (1) evaluate the potential contribution of high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs) to the technical and economic feasibility of magnetically levitated (maglev) vehicles, (2) determine the status of maglev transportation research in the United States and abroad, (3) identify the likelihood of a significant transportation market for high-speed maglev vehicles, and (4) provide a preliminary assessment of the potential energy and economic benefits of maglev systems. HTSCs should be considered as an enhancing, rather than an enabling, development for maglev transportation because they should improve reliability and reduce energy and maintenance costs. Superconducting maglev transportation technologies were developed in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Federal support was withdrawn in 1975, but major maglev transportation programs were continued in Japan and West Germany, where full-scale prototypes now carry passengers at speeds of 250 mi/h in demonstration runs. Maglev systems are generally viewed as very-high-speed train systems, but this study shows that the potential market for maglev technology as a train system, e.g., from one downtown to another, is limited. Rather, aircraft and maglev vehicles should be seen as complementing rather than competing transportation systems. If maglev systems were integrated into major hub airport operations, they could become economical in many relatively high-density U.S. corridors. Air traffic congestion and associated noise and pollutant emissions around airports would also be reduced. Further analysis is needed to determine whether the foreign technologies being developed are amenable to U.S. transportation requirements. If significant improvements are needed in the foreign systems, the United States is still well positioned to undertake further development of maglev transportation technologies.


Remote field testing has become widely used for the examination of carbon steel tubes, such as those found in heat exchangers and boilers. Remote field testing is an eddy current nondestructive test method that measures changes in remote field to detect and characterize discontinuities. When utilizing the remote field testing technique to test inservice tubes, their thickness is normally different from the specified thickness of a standard tube. This variation consequently results in an evaluation curve established by a standard tube which may not lead to proper assessment of discontinuities in inservice tubes. According to standard ASTM E 2096-00 (2000), we can use a frequency compensation method to compensate for the evaluation error contributed by the variation of tube thickness. The mathematical compensation method introduced in this paper for the compensation of thickness variation is derived from skin depth theory. This method is proven to be both feasible and reasonable through the derivation of the methodology and result verification by experiment. Applying this method can also solve the problem of the difficulty in measuring tube wall thickness in heat exchanger bundles.


Aim To test the hypothesis that phylogeographic pattern of coral-dependent fish species inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula may be driven by a combination of ocean circulation, larval behavior and seascape features. Location The present study focuses on three such putative oceanographic barriers around the Arabian Peninsula: the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, the Strait of Hormuz and the upwelling off Oman. Tax Multitaxa. Methods A biophysical modeling system that relies on stochastic Lagrangian framework and Individual-Based Model was used to simulate larval dispersal through the three putative barriers, by tracking three-dimensional movements of virtual particles in ocean circulation scenarios. We explored the range of dispersal capabilities across reef fish species by creating 72 hypothetical strategies, each representing a unique combination of five biological traits: pelagic larval duration, spawning periodicity, mortality rate, reproductive output and vertical migration. Result Our results showed that the strength of the barriers was highly variable as a function of all biological traits (except reproductive output) and indicated high asymmetry of connectivity, and hence gene flow, between adjacent areas. In addition, direction and distance travelled by the virtual larvae varied according to both the geographic position of releasing site and biannual monsoonal winds. On average, larvae released during the summer exhibited a higher potential for dispersal than larvae released in wintertime. Main conclusions Our biophysical models complement the few existing empirical research on population genetics, and the predictions presented here serve as testable hypotheses for future phylogeographic studies around the Arabian Peninsula.


Objective. Cancer can induce venous thromboembolic complications for various reasons. As part of a greater study, acquired and congenital prothrombotic risk factors were investigated in children with leukaemia or non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and compared with similar investigations in children with congenital heart defects. Material and methods. Blood samples were taken from 60 children with newly diagnosed leukaemia or lymphoma and 133 children with congenital heart defects in the course of a scheduled cardiac catheterization. When children with cancer were in remission, analyses of acquired prothrombotic risk factors were repeated. Children with cancer were observed for symptoms of thromboembolism throughout their treatment period. Results. Total homocysteine levels were significantly raised in children with cancer (median value 10.0 µmol/L) as compared with the levels in children with congenital heart diseases (5.0 µmol/L) (p<0.001), while children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had the highest values. The median level of lipoprotein(a) was slightly increased in children with newly diagnosed leukaemia or lymphoma (105 mg/L versus 100 mg/L, p<0.001), and levels of coagulation inhibitors were higher (p<0.001). Total homocysteine levels normalized when children attained remission of cancer disease. Two children had symptoms of acute thrombosis. Conclusions. Raised concentrations of total homocysteine were frequent in children with newly diagnosed cancer, but this normalized when the children were in remission. The clinical significance of our observations and the impact on venous thromboembolism have yet to be defined.


This paper mainly researches about the improvement on Apriori algorithm and the application research in evaluating teaching quality.This improvement based on 0-1 matrix,it just scans database once,and finds out the highest dimension frequent itemset directly from high dimension itemset.With the help of this improved algorithm ,some obtained knowledge will be applied in guiding the teaches' teaching and improving the quality of teaching.


Decision-makers are those individuals or entities charged with the responsibility and authority to reach decisions and act on them. Few decisions are absolutely unequivocal—almost all are made under some degree of uncertainty. Broadly put, risk assessment is simply a process for organizing available scientific and technical information to support decision-making under such conditions (Crawford-Brown 1999; Suter 2007). As a systematic approach to aiding those who make decisions, it occupies a nexus of neutrality between science (or technology) on one hand and decision alternatives (or policy options, regulations, etc.) on the other. Its product, the risk estimate, is intended as but one factor among the many that decision-makers must consider when reaching a decision. Yet if you ask many community, environmental, or other stakeholder groups what they think of risk assessment, either as a process or a product, their answers are very likely to be scathingly negative (RPR 2007). Add the invective heaped by the regulated community on "overly conservative" assessments and it is seems that a great many stakeholders have come to find risk assessments both hateful and generally irrelevant to their concerns. Why? How did a mere tool for organizing scientific information for decision-makers come to be so maligned and mistrusted? There are, undoubtedly, various answers to this question, but let's consider the idea that decision-makers, and not flaws inherent in the assessment process itself, are at the root of risk assessment's travails by focusing on three key issues: consideration of multiple factors in decision-making, stakeholder involvement, and addressing uncertainty. The risk management process is almost invariably described as one in which a decision-maker (i.e ., a risk manager) weighs not only the results of a risk assessment, but also a variety of potentially competing issues (social, political, legal, cultural, etc.), when deciding on a course of action. Thus although the results of a risk assessment may inform a decision, we fully expect decision-makers, and not risk assessments, to actually make the decision, and consider a number of factors when doing so. For some decision-makers, however, the path of least resistance is to use a risk estimate as the decision—thus saying, in effect, that ". . . the risk assessment told me what to do (or made me do it). . . " They thus conveniently shift responsibility for the decision from themselves to the risk assessment process, as well as isolate or shield themselves from criticism related to their decision. Suffice it to say that such behavior reflects both an abrogation of their decision-making responsibilities, as well as a critical failure to allow a variety of often competing factors to play their necessary role in the decision-making process. A decision-maker can, regrettably, be abetted in this behavior by statutes and regulations that either


The effects of the montmorillonite clay surface modified with 0.5-5 wt% aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 15-35% octadecylamine (Clay-APTSO) on morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC)/Clay-APTSO composites were investigated. The blends of PLA/EOC with and without Clay-APTSO were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer. Scanning electron microscopy analysis observed the morphology of PLA/EOC blends demonstrated a phase separation of minor phase and matrix phase. The addition of Clay-APTSO in PLA/EOC blends showed significant decreased in droplet size of dispersed EOC phase, thus, Clay-APTSO acted as an effective compatibilizer in the PLA/EOC blends. The results of tensile properties found the decrease of Young's modulus of PLA when added EOC due to the low modulus and flexibility of EOC. While the incorporation of Clay-APTSO increased significantly Young's modulus of PLA/EOC blends at low EOC and Clay-APTSO content. The strain at break of the blends increased with the increase of EOC loading, this indicated the presence of EOC enhanced the elongation at break of PLA, while the addition Clay-APTSO reduced the strain at break of PLA/EOC blends. The tensile strength of all blend compositions improved when added Clay-APTSO and the tensile strength showed the highest value at 3 phr of Clay-APTSO. The thermal stability of PLA/EOC blends did not change when compared with neat PLA, and when added Clay-APTSO in the blends could improve the thermal stability of the PLA/EOC blends.


The article analyzes approaches to the study of sociocultural space, with a focus on the potential of the concept of "social space" in ethnosociological research. Its most important components have been identified: social and cultural space. The specific function of social space is fixed, namely, the preservation of the structure of social institutions, within which social interactions take place. When analyzing the cultural space, it was shown that cultural specificity is most clearly manifested in ethnic cultures (ethnocultures), the semantic core of which is tradition. The author comes to the conclusion that the totality of social and cultural processes is localized within certain territorial boundaries and is a socio-cultural superstructure over the landscape and climatic space. Spatial development of territories is possible in a situation of maintaining the meaningful uniqueness of the cultural space (realized, first of all, in traditions) within the boundaries of a single social, legal and economic space. social space determines, to a certain extent, the universality of the form (through social institutions and structures), and cultural space determines the content specificity of the sociocultural space.


The effect of ultrasonic agitation on hybrid devices during PCB cleaning has long been suspected as leading to device malfunction. However, little or no data exist to substantiate or quantify these effects. This paper describes a limited study into these effects using both test vehicles and commercial products, and discusses their variation with exposure time, the types and mechanisms of failure, and the rle of the hybrid package construction. It is demonstrated that the design of the hybrid package is critical in determining its susceptibility to ultrasonic damage.


With the construction of novel power system, the renewable energy resources are integrating to the distribution network with increasing penetration, which brings great challenges to the safe and efficient operation of the power system. Virtual power plant (VPP), as a means of distributed resource aggregation, has been proposed to mitigate the impact of renewable energy grid connection on the grid. This paper proposes a distributed hierarchically optimal scheduling strategy for distribution network with VPPs. In the lower layer, the schedule of VPPs are optimized to minimize the operation costs while in the upper layer, the distribution network layer makes decisions based on the optimisation results of the VPPs. Distributed solution algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) is developed to protect privacy information and improve solution efficiency. Finally, the simulation results of an example verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Cosmic strings have gained a great interest, since they are formed in a large class of brane inflationary models. The most interesting story is that cosmic strings in brane models are distinguished from the standard cosmic strings in future cosmological observations. If the strings in brane models are branes or superstrings that can move along compactified space, and also if there are degenerated vacua along the compactified space, kinks interpolated between degenerated vacua become 'beads' on the strings. In this case, strings turn into necklaces. In the case where the compact manifold is not simply connected, a string loop that winds around a nontrivial circle is stable for topological reasons. Since the existence of the (quasi-)degenerated vacua and the nontrivial circle is a common feature of brane models, it is important to study cosmological constraints on the cosmic necklaces and the stable winding states. In this paper, we consider dark matter production from loops of the cosmic necklaces. Our result suggests that necklaces can put a stringent bound on certain kinds of brane models.


Radially Convergent Beam Fusion (RCBF) device is a compact fusion proton/neutron source with an extremely simple configuration, high controllability, and hence high safety. Therefore, it has been studied for practical use as a portable neutron/proton source for various applications such as landmine detection and medical positron emission tomography. However, some problems remain for the practical use, and the most critical one is the insufficiency of absolute neutron/proton yields. In this study, a new RCBF device was designed to obtain higher neutron/proton yields, and tested by using deuterium gas. The key features of the new device are the cylindrical electrode configuration in consideration of better electrostatic confinement of ions and extraction of protons, and an integrated ion source that consists of a cusp magnetic field and a negatively biased grid anode. To investigate the performance characteristics of the device and the effect of the ion source, three kinds of experimental setup were used for comparison. At first, the device was operated with the basic setup. Then a cusp magnetic field was applied by using ferrite magnets, and finally the grid anode was negatively biased. As a result, it was confirmed that the ion source works effectively. At the same voltage and current, the obtained neutron production rate was about one order of magnitude higher than that of the conventional spherical RCBF device. The maximum neutron production rate of 6.8 × 109 n/s was obtained at a pulsed discharge of -70 kV and 10 A with an anode bias voltage of -1.0 kV.


Students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program (PBSI) should master scientific writing in Indonesian. However, the facts on the ground are different. There are many language errors found in student theses. This study aims to describe the language errors of PBSI students in their thesis. By knowing the types of students' language errors in their thesis, Indonesian language learning, especially writing skills, can be improved in the future. Therefore, this research is beneficial for students, teachers, and lecturers. This research was conducted qualitatively with data sources obtained through population and sampling techniques. The data source is the student's thesis of PBSI, so the data is in the form of written language. Meanwhile, the research data analysis used the agih method with the lesap technique, the ganti technique, and the ubah wujud technique. The results of this study are the existence of language errors at various linguistic levels, namely phonology, morphology, and syntax. Language errors at the morphological level are in the form of errors in the use of punctuation marks. Errors at the morphological level are in the form of errors in the affixation process. Meanwhile, errors at the syntactic level are in the form of errors in the sentence composing process.


Discussion 1960 In a rece t article, Leising and Franks (1999) presented detailed individual-based models (IBMs) for larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) based on the bioenergetic models of Laurence (1985) for the same species. Using these models, they drew conclusions on the effects of varying prey density, turbulence, and temperature on larval growth rate. However, an error in calculation of metabolism and their choice of a scalar for the effect of temperature on assimilation (Qa, their table 1) may require a revision of Leising and Franks' (1999) conclusions. The error in estimation of daily metabolic rates originated in Laurence (1985) and was repeated in Werner et al. (1996). In this comment, we provide revisions for the estimation of metabolic costs and suggest that Qa for marine fish larvae should fall in the range of 1.06–1.14 based on our analysis of available literature. We also point to components of the model where compensating errors may occur and additional research is needed.


The role of mathematics in the formation of innovative thinking of students is determined. The strategy and tactics of teaching mathematics in solving the problem of integration of fundamental and professional education are proposed. The role of integrative disciplines as a means of unifying the links between mathematics and special disciplines was revealed. It is shown that the course of mathematics in a technical university should reflect continuously developing trends in applied mathematics. The need to include general mathematical courses in the curricula at all stages of training including in the magistracy is justified. Examples illustrating the proposed concept are given.


There are many classification tasks where we are given a large number of unlabeled examples in addition to only a few labeled training examples. For such scenario, it is important to include unlabeled examples during the training to generalize well to the unseen data, and thus avoid overfitting. Larochelle and Bengio (2008) proposed the semi-supervised training of the discriminative restricted Boltzmann machine by combining the generative objective defined on the unlabeled examples with the discriminative objective. Similarly to their approach, the supervised PGBM can be trained in a semi-supervised learning framework. Specifically, we can use the input data log-likelihood defined on the unlabeled data as a regularizer.


In ancient Greece, Aristotle used to refer to the human being as a "political animal". Some years later, also in Greece, Galen of Pergamum managed to dissect various types of animals and found that their organs, tissues, veins, arteries, and bones were similar to those of humans. In the eighteenth century, Charles Darwin, Thomas Huxley and Ernest Haeckel conclusively demonstrated that humans are not a product of creation but of evolution. According to recent advances in molecular techniques, chimpanzees share 98% of their genome with humans. So, it is clear that we are part of the animal world, but we are exceptional because we cook our food and grill our meat while socialize with members of our species.


K evin Ta vin has boldly gone where few wou ld dare-to cha llenge the usefu lness of one of the most cher ished ideas in art education, that o f aest het ics. I believe that three of his argume nts arc completely sound: What is often offered as an entirely unproblematic idea is deeply imp licated in histori cal repression , art education's contempo rary use of aest hetic discourse is utterl y confused . and the di course i often reduced to me re form alism. The confusion we expcrien ce is partl y the inheritance of its ori gin al for mulation by Kant, chiller and ma ny others . A deeply conflicted concep t, aesthetics was originally prop osed as mu ch as a radicall y pro gressive social force as a deeply conservative, even reactionary one (Eagleton, 1990). It was used as much to opp ose indus trialization, materiali m and middle class complacency as it was intend ed to quell dissent and oppose demo crat ic impulses. Someof Tavins five cur rent uses of aesthetics in art education echo, however faintly, the general social nature of the early aesth etic agendas. lany art edu cators see aesthet ics as a moral or ethical is ue as much as a descript ion of perceptua l and felt experience; they equate. or closely associate, aesthetics with good ness. I com pletely agree with Tavin that in conversing abou t aesthetics, we should do so elf-con sciou ly.


Contemporary religious epistemology often neglects offering a substantial defense of a particular conception of God, relying instead on appeals to tradition and the great theologians. I aim to correct this deficiency by offering a defensible concept of God grounded in the predicament faced by all human inquirers. My account of this human predicament will focus on three key features that are salient to religious inquiry: death, moral failure, and suffering and severity. I will then argue that we ought to define our concept of God in terms of what it would take to rescue humanity from its predicament, thus allowing our conception of God to capture what matters most to us.


Inspired by human physiology, variable impedance actuation has been shown to benefit safety with its ability to modulate impact forces. But humans also continually adjust impedance during contact and throughout manipulation tasks. We examine the value and effect of continual impedance variation on quasi-static manipulation. We approach this challenge from the perspective of telerobotics where the operator can explicitly modulate the robotic impedance. Using a three degree of freedom planar teleoperation system we explore two quasi-static tasks: inserting a rigid peg into a tight hole and throwing a switch without overshoot. The work finds that no single impedance can optimally accomplish both tasks. Instead user-controlled impedance variations achieve the desired results, demonstrating the benefits of variable impedance to quasi-static applications in telerobotics.


This study is an investigation into the contribution of counseling providers to the success or failure of marriages. The purposive and the simple random sampling methods were used to select eight churches and 259 respondents (married people) in the Techiman Municipality. The instrument used to collect data was a 26-item questionnaire including a five-point likert type scale designed by the researcher and was administered to married people. The researcher however had three research questions to work with. The major result was that counselling providers contribute positively in the Techiman Municipality so far as marriage is concerned. It is therefore being suggested that premarital counselling should be maintained and encouraged in all churches. Keywords: Premarital Counseling, Counseling Providers, Married Couples, Counseling


DRAGON is not a  dragon. Polish legends in the 21st centuryThe subject of the article is the presentation of the project "Legends of Poland", indicating the reinterpretation strategies used by its creators. The subject of the analysis are the works by Robert M. Wegner and Tomasz Baginski — the story Milczenie owcy The Silence of a  Lamb and its film adaptation SMOK DRAGON. Their authors reinterpreted the most famous Polish legend about the Wawel dragon in a  science fiction convention, thus pointing to the potential of famous stories that can be used to create whole universes.


Residual current operated protective device (RCD) was used in low-voltage distribution network widely, and played an important role in preventing electric shock casualties and avoiding fire accidents caused by leakage current. However, the setting value of the RCD action current is irrelevant to the human body electric shock currents. In addition, combined with the external environment factors, RCD usually has the problems of the refusing operation and nuisance tripping. So, the commissioning and correct operating rate is low. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the clustering trends of samples with different electric shock fault type. And the results show that the leakage current signals of animal samples and plant samples were obviously clustered respectively. The pretreatment methods of maximum-minimum normalization, 5 points Savitzky-Golay smoothing, orthogonal signal correction (OSC), standard normal variate (SNV), and wavelet transform (WT) were applied to the discrimination models, and the accuracy of maximum-minimum normalization was the best. Then the classification model with maximum-minimum normalization constructed by Mahalanobis Distance discrimination analysis, identification accuracy could reach to 98.35%.


In this article we aim to present a side of the nonfinancial reporting, which is more and more presented by the companies all over the world: the social reporting. In order to do this, we present a review of the requests included in the Romanian regulations in force regarding this aspect and the way these requests are solved by an ERP system, named here MF ERP, as we consider that the ERP is a strong IT tool which can be used by the accountants for reporting purposes as well.


A sensitive method has been developed for the determination of free menthol in peppermint oil. The menthol is separated by chromatographic adsorption and determined photometrically. Concentrations from 0.01 mg. to 0.13 mg. of menthol follow Beer's law.


In this paper,the techniques of fuzzy fusion are adopted according to the features of the sensors of a self-developed dataglove-CAS_Glove. The bend sensors and abduction sensors are respectively dealt with based on the features of the letters of Chinese finger language. In relation to the fuzzy fusion of bend sensors,a classified fusion method is presented. In this method,firstly,weak t norm operator and weak t conorm operator are used separately. Then the results are respectively transformed to fit in with MICA operator. Finally,MICA operator is used to get the fusion result of bend sensors. In addition,weak t norm operator is used in the fusion of the abduction sensors. A series of experiments are done to compare this method with other fuzzy fusion methods. Experiments show that this method is superior to other fuzzy methods when making angle fusion of this kind of dataglove.


The forty-one syllable nuclei of Brou, a Mon-Khmer language of South Viet Nam, are described and their symbolization in an orthography constructed by the author is presented. The orthography was tested for appropriateness in two ways—(1) primers were written and the teachability of the orthography to non-literate native speakers was assessed and (2) native speakers literate in Vietnamese were asked to spell Brou words using cardboard letters. The spelling experiment tested five features of the orthography—the representation of (1) contrasts in vowel length, (2) the relationship of final to medial vowels, (4) offglides as complex or simple nuclei and (5) non-register onglides as complex or simple. Results indicated that certain revisions in the proposed orthography are called for, particularly in the representation of tense-register vowels and non-register onglides.


The 2016 Navy Pregnancy and Parenthood Survey conducted by Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD) cited that the primary retention influencer for female naval officers is the "ability to have a family." This project is a policy proposal that targets the primary reason female naval officers are leaving the military. The researchers assessed the viability of implementing EF/IVF (egg freezing and in vitro fertilization) as a retention tool for competitive female naval officers in the unrestricted line (URL) communities. The researchers proposed an EF/IVF pilot program that was analyzed from the ethical and financial perspectives. The ethical perspective justified why the policy proposal should be implemented on the basis of equality, equity, and need. The financial perspective supported the ethical perspective by estimating an overall average program price to implement the proposed EF/IVF pilot program.


In this study we have determined the optical constants (δ & β) spectra of α-Al2O3 near the Al L2,3 and O-K absorption edge region using reflectance spectroscopy technique. We have used Kramers-Kronig relations to extract scontinuous spectra of absorption part (β) and the dispersion part (δ) of optical constants, which is generally very difficult to measure. The optical constants spectra near the Al L2,3 edge clearly shows a well resolved L2 and L3 features with a spin orbit splitting of 0.4 eV. The various features appearing in the optical constant (β) profile are correlated with the absorption spectra depicting the origin of these features. The information of experimentally determined optical constants will greatly be useful in interpreting reflectivity performance of α-Al2O3 used as optical devices.


The paper is dedicated to issues on the implementation of the Administrative and legal control over compliance with labor legislation and labor protection requirements in states of the European Union. There is stressed, the universal body which implements only control functions on labor provision, is not established in the EU; instead, as a rule, whole systems of authorities and services carry out the control in the researched field on the national level of member-states. There is outlined, the main feature of national organizational and legal systems of control over compliance with labor legislation and labor protection requirements is an interaction between the state and public sectors. It expresses in the successful and productive social dialogue. There is emphasized, the social (public, imperative) insurance against accidents at work, occupational injuries and occupational diseases are obligative components of the state labor protection system almost in all member-states. These components both provide additional confidence of employee for the future industrial force majeure and involve insurance companies in the control over compliance with labor legislation and labor protection requirements as a full-fledged supervisory institution. There is stressed, measures on improving control in the field of the compliance with labor legislation and labor protection requirements are related directly to wide implementation and practical use of risk-oriented principles; and implementation of international norms on labor protection audit as well as the best foreign practice have already led to applying risk-oriented approach in the activities of domestic controlling authorities. Despite the significant role of control functions of appropriate state institutions for qualitative provision of labor protection in the EU, preventive and educational functions of state authorities in the field of the labor protection arise. There is mentioned, these peculiarities have to become "start points" and basic principles of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation and daily practice in the field of control over compliance with labor legislation and labor protection requirements to statements and standards of the European Union.


It has long been one of the central principles of certain writing teachers that good writing consists of short sentences, ad, in general, of conciseness. Here Mr. Foley examines this long-starvding superstition, telling us just how much faith we should put in it.


Reviewing an article can be hard work. Whenever possible a reviewer should be both thoughtful and diplomatic in his/her comments, realizing that whether the reviewer liked the article or not, the authors has committed a lot of time, effort, and hopeful expectations to it composition. The best reviewers try to help the author improve his work by providing detailed, helpful and actionable comments that the author can use in preparing a revision or a future submission. Sometimes the process can require multiple revisions and re-submissions before a final decision can be made. It is best if the original reviewer(s) also review the revised manuscript to avoid duplication of effort, as well as potentially contradictory opinions. Therefore, when a reviewer agrees to undertake a review, the exact time commitment can be somewhat unpredictable. We would like to express our sincerest thanks to all of our 2017 reviewers who, once again, have achieved the remarkable average turnaround time of 2 weeks. Their promptness and insightful comments are greatly appreciated by the editors, and by the authors, irrespective of the outcome of the submission. Without the help of the Reviewers, time consuming and selfless as it always is, there could be no peer-reviewed journal. The Editors of Skeletal Radiology, on behalf of ourselves, the International Skeletal Society and our publisher, Springer, gratefully say to all of you, "thank you".


Cadmium telluride thin films were deposited onto different substrates as copper, Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), Indium tin oxide (ITO), Aluminum and zinc at room temperature via electrochemical route. The morphology of the film shows the nanostructures on the deposited surface of the films and their growth in vertical direction. Different nanostructures developed on different substrates. The X-ray diffraction study reveals that the deposited films are nanocrystalline in nature. UV-Visible absorption spectrum shows the wide range of absorption in the visible region. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy confirms the formation of cadmium telluride.