The large coverage and quality of the Wikidata knowledge graph make it suitable for usage in downstream applications, such as entity summarization, entity linking, and question answering. Yet, most retrieval and similarity-based methods for Wikidata make limited use of its semantics, and lose the link between the rich structure in Wikidata and the decision-making algorithm. In this paper, we investigate how to define abstractive representations (profiles) of Wikidata entities. We propose a scalable method that can produce profiles for Wikidata entities based on salient labels associated with their types. We represent the resulting profiles as a graph, and compute profile embeddings. Our empirical analysis shows that the profiles can capture similarity competitively to baselines, but excel in terms of explainability. On the task of neural entity linking in tables, the profiles outperform all baselines in terms of accuracy, whereas their human-readable representation clearly explains the source of improvement. We make our code and data available to facilitate novel use cases based on the Wikidata profiles.


Purpose: Investigations include alloying the surface of X40CrMoV5-1 hot-work tool steel with tungsten carbide using a high power diode laser (HPDL). Design/methodology/approach: The structural mechanism of surface layer development was determined and the effect of alloying parameters, gas protection method, and thickness of paste layer applied onto the steel surface on structure refinement and influence of these factors on the mechanical properties of surface layer was studied. Findings: The fine grained martensite structure is responsible for hardness increase of the alloyed layer. The dependence is presented of micro-hardness change on the laser beam effect on the treated surface, and especially the hardness increase in the alloyed layer. The tribological wear relationships were determined for laser treated surface layers, determining friction coefficient, mass loss, and wear trace shape developed due to the abrasive wear of the investigated surfaces. The X40CrMoV5-1 conventionally heat treated steel was used as reference material. Practical implications: Laser surface modification has the important cognitive significance and gives grounds to the practical employment of these technologies for forming the surfaces of new tools and regeneration of the used ones. Originality/value: The outcome of the research is an investigation showing the structural mechanisms accompanying laser alloying.


Highlight Identification and morphological analysis of Selaroides leptolepis fish. Molecular analysis using the DNA Barcoding method with the COI gene (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I). The number of base pairs in S. leptolepis from the sequencing results was 675bp. The morphological and molecular similarities of Selaroides leptolepis fish Abstract Yellowstripe scad is one of the commercially important fish from the Carangidae family, which is marketed at Muara Baru Modern Fish Market, North Jakarta. In- formation regarding the presence of Selaroides leptolepis fish in the waters allows for effective conservation, and management of marine resources. A morphological identification of fish species is still considered inaccurate, so the molecular anal- ysis is necessary. This study aims to identify commercially important fish species deriving from Muara Baru Modern Fish Market, North Jakarta, employing mor- phological, and molecular analysis. A total of 30 specimens were collected from the field. The morphological analysis utilized a visual identification method, and morphometric measurement, while molecular analysis with DNA barcoding em- ployed the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The results of the morphological analysis indicated that the fish species were yellowstripe scad ( S . leptolepis ). It also followed the results of molecular analysis of DNA barcoding that the fish was a S. leptolepis species. Therefore, the combination of morphological and genetic analysis has succeeded in identifying the fish species of S. leptolepis .


Speed, agility and endurance are central aspects for an athlete in a sport, including football athletes. The main problem in this research is the lack of ability of UNY academy football athletes in terms of speed, agility and endurance. This study aims to determine the ability of soccer athletes belonging to the UNY academy through the T-Sprint training method and zigzag running. The method in this study is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all football athletes from the UNY academy, Yogyakarta Special Region. The subjects in this study were 29 UNY academy football athletes. The data collection technique in this study was a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study is descriptive statistics. Data analyzed Then the data in this study were analyzed using the statistical software application packet for social science (SPSS) version 24 (chicago, IL, USA). The results of this study indicate that aspects of speed, agility and endurance in soccer players have increased after training based on the two methods applied in this study. So it can be concluded that the ability of UNY academy football players in three aspects in this study experienced a significant increase.


Field-oriented control (FOC) has been widely used for controlling the current control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) due to its excellent performance in steady-state operation. FOC suffers from slow dynamic response, as a result, its practical use may be limited for applications that require a very fast dynamic response. Accordingly, in this paper, a fast dynamic FOC (FFOC) for PMSM based on a real voltage vector and hysteresis switch is proposed. The hysteresis switch uses FOC in steady-state and the direct real voltage vector in transient-state. Simulation results show that the proposed model has similar steady-state performance as FOC. In addition, FFOC shows faster dynamic performance when FOC and model predictive control (FOC-MPC) are combined using hysteresis switch.


PURPOSE: A construction method and structure for a screen type louver for a ceiling finish are provided to reduce a construction period by improving onsite constructionability while preventing existing ceiling structures such as pipes from being exposed. CONSTITUTION: A construction method and structure for a screen type louver for a ceiling finish comprises a fixing device(110), a fixing bracket, a louver main body(120), and a panel member(130). A pair of fixing devices is installed to face each other. The fixing bracket is installed between the fixing devices. The louver body is joined to the fixing device and the fixing bracket. The panel member is installed in parallel to the louver main body in a gap between the fixing devices. Both sides of the fixing device and the fixing bracket are formed with identical grooves. The panel member is joined to the grooves to slide.


The oxathioether crown 1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13,16-dithiacyclooctadec-14-en-14,15-dicarbonitrile reacts with HgCl2 to give an endocyclic complex in which macrocylic coordination to HgII in the solid state is through only the O donor atoms.


This paper summarizes the development and application of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM), polarization spectroscopy (PS) and laser-induced thermal grating spectroscopy (LITGS) in the mid-infrared spectral region for combustion diagnostics over the last decade.


In order to understand transition hysteretic characteristics of thermocapillary convection in a shallow molten silicon pool with Czochralski configuration, we conducted a series of unsteady three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulations using the finite-difference method. The crucible sidewall was maintained at constant temperature. Bottom and top surfaces were adiabatic. The crystal radius rs=15 mm, crucible radius rc=50 mm and depth d=3 mm. The temperature difference (△T) between the crystal and crucible sidewall along the free surface ranged from 6 to 27 K. The simulation results show that two flow transitions occur when increasing the radial temperature difference along the free surface. At first, the steady two-dimensional flow becomes steady 3-D flow at △T=9 K and then oscillatory 3-D flow at △T=20.6 K. But, when decreasing △T to 19.5 K the oscillatory 3-D flow becomes steady 3-D flow again. Therefore the second transition exists hysteresis and the hysteretic temperature difference is around 1.1 K.


Cosmic Ray (CR) variation measurements have been extensively conducted using different type of detectors sensing different components of CR and at different locations around the world. We have constructed and, operated a single channel muon detector in the central part of Saudi Arabia. The main goal of this detector is to record the intensity of cosmic rays on different time scales and investigate their correlations with environment parameters. This detector is expected to fill the gap between neutron monitors and muon telescopes that exist around the world. In this paper, the technical aspects of this detector will be briefly discussed. Calibration procedures conducted to characterize and improve its performance will be detailed. These include the effect of the detector geometry and the internal surface coating.


Energy analysis of small-angle neutron scattering at various temperatures below and above the Curie point was performed in an ordered Fe 3 Pt alloy using a three-axis neutron spectrometer. Low-temperature excitations of a non-spin-wave nature similar to those found earlier in disordered Fe 65 (Ni 1 -xPdx)35 have been revealed.


The aim of this research is to use latex from para-rubber as an admixture for improving thestrength and insulation properties of autoclaved aerated lightweight concrete which has bubbles. In mixdesign, cement-sand ratio is 1:1 (by weight). The aluminum powder 3% by weight is added, watercementratio equal of 0.5 (by weight not include water in latex), five percent of lime and gypsum (byweight of cement) are added. To provide latex from para-rubber, the ammonia solution (concentrate15%) is added into para-rubber in amount of 3% by weight of para-rubber. Nonionic surfactant of 4% byweight of cement is added in concrete. The latex per cement ratios that use in this experiment are 0, 0.10,0.15 and 0.20 by weight of cement. Then mixing and streaming follow TIS (Thailand Industrial Standard)1505-2541 and test the density, compressive and bending strengths at ages of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Theabsorption of water is measured at 7 and 28 days. The elongation and coefficient of thermal conductivityare measured. From the results, it is found that the compressive strength and density of lightweightconcrete reverses variation with latex-cement ratio while the bending strength and water absorption ofconcrete is proportion to latex-cement ratio. The elongation has an uncertain result for each latex-cementratio. The coefficient of thermal conductivity is slightly larger than that of normal lightweight concrete.The suitable latex-cement ratio is 0.10 (by weight of cement). From all of the results, latex from pararubbercan produce a moderate lightweight concrete in which high strength and good insulation arehighlighted.


Recent advances with polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells include high-rate performance at reduced catalyst loadings, improved water management through better engineering, thinner membranes and tolerance of CO. But major advances in fuel processors, system integration and cost reduction are still required to be competitive with existing motive power systems.


This paper addresses the problem of efficient mapping and allocation of voice over IP (VoIP) traffic with multiple VoIP vocoders in WiMAX systems. We show that by taking advantage of the periodicity of VoIP frames, generated by multiple vocoder types, and by applying semi-fixed allocations in the existing resource allocation process, the mapping overhead can be reduced substantially. We present a system model that allows the evaluation of the proposed solutions for the problem at hand. Using this model, we show that the problem is NP hard and present a set of observations on the resource allocation process leading to good mapping decisions from the perspective of mapping overhead. We present a new mapping algorithm that implement the decisions and show by extensive simulations that the proposed mapping algorithm can reduce the overhead down to 25% of the overhead experienced in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based systems such as WiMAX and IEEE802.16, while retaining a low computational complexity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Man's impact on biodiversity depends on both the type of intervention and the nature of the receiving environment. In the context of salmon farming, environmental impacts occur largely through the flux of farm-derived organic detritus to the seabed. In order to assess these potential impacts this research aimed (a) to identify sensitive benthic habitats, particularly those categorized as Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) habitats, in relation to salmon farming; (b) to identify and classify the nature of the benthic habitats that occur around Scottish salmon farms and assess the overlap between sensitive habitats and salmon farms; and (c) to conduct a pilot investigation into the abundance of the sea pen Pennatula phosphorea around a single salmon farm. The benthic habitat occurring underneath Scottish salmon farms consisted, predominantly, of muds (58%) and shelly sands (27%) with the bed-type rock, also frequently occurring in close proximity (though not directly underneath) salmon farms. Most farms were located in water between 20 and 50 m deep. These findings are commensurate with the Scottish salmon-farming industry being located in relatively sheltered sea lochs, in close proximity to the shore. Salmon farming was considered, on the basis of spatial overlap and habitat sensitivity, to pose a high risk to maerl and beds of Modiolus modiolus and, on the basis of a lack of information, sheltered muddy gravels and the megafauna associated with the mud in deep water BAP. Sea pen abundance was highly variable but was reduced in close proximity to the salmon farm. While abundance increased to a maximum of 10 per transect at intermediate distances, at the farm peripheries numerous transects were found, again, to contain no sea pens. This may have been as a consequence of the protection offered by the physical presence of the salmon cages against trawling that occurs in the vicinity of the farm.


Raman and NMR spectroscopy together with DFT quantum chemical calculations have been used to elucidate conformational changes occurring during inverse temperature transition in water solution of two elastin-like polypentapeptides, poly(G1V1G2V2P) and poly(AV1GV2P). From the temperature dependences of Raman spectra and 1H–1H NOESY spectra follows that above the transition temperature a β(II)-turn conformational structure is formed on the residue located between Pro and Val1.


Developed by Norman Haber, company founder of Haber Inc., New Jersey, the ElectroMolecularPropulsion (EMP) is distinguished from the other analytical techniques of electrophoresis and chromatography by its greater scope of applicability, its very much higher speed and its exceedingly high resolution. This article will outline the key features of EMP technology and its fields of application.


In the landslide cycle of deep block movement development, the landslide process starts with the separation of the new landslide block from the bedrock massif, and it ends with the block displacement until the steady landslide head is formed in the hotbed (on the landslide slope). The initial stressed state in the bedrock massif with horizontal earth surface (before the landslide block forms) is controlled by the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The landslide hotbed forming as well as the sliding basis appearing cause the change in the initial stress state and the formation of horizontally oriented dissipative blocks-structures. The principal stresses are concentrated on the boundary surfaces of these structures (which are of a circular cylindrical shape). The limit state forms along these boundary surfaces of the appropriate block in the local massif zone on the contact with the landslide hotbed. The displacement occurs along the same surfaces, provided the equilibrium is disturbed. In forming the limit state of the head scarp massif, the adjacent part of the landslide massif (within the boundaries of the earlier separated landslide block) acts as an additional load (creates an active vertical pressure from the landslide mass weight) to the horizon of the landslide basis. The bedrock massif interacts with the slope at the stage of preparing block displacement. The block limit state is achieved in case the head scarp height reaches its critical value (the slope edge is higher than the landslide head). Under the soil masses weight in the new landslide block, separated from the bedrock massif, as it subsides, the soil crushes in a lower part of the block, which has lost its balance, in the slide basis zone. The paper considers the conditions of the new landslide block formation, the beginning of block displacement process, the mechanism of interaction between blocks, the bedrock massif and the landslide body, which consists of earlier displaced landslide blocks. The paper also provides the rationale for the soil strength changes in the process of displacement and its significance in the landslide cycle completing, with comparing the results of theoretical and experimental studies.


Study Abroad and Second Language Use: Constructing the Self. Valerie Pellegrino Aveni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005. Pp. 188. ISBN 0-521-53494-1 (pbk): $34.99. Language Learners in Study Abroad Contexts. Margaret A. DuFon, Eton Churchill (eds). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 2006. Pp. 329. ISBN 1-85359-852-6 (pbk): $54.95 Dominant Beliefs and Alternative Voices: Discourse, Belief, and Gender in American Study Abroad. Joan Elias Gore. New York: Routledge Studies in Higher Education. 2005. Pp. 268. ISBN 0-415-97457-7 (hbk): $75.00 Student Mobility and Narrative in Europe: The New Strangers. Elizabeth Murphy-Lejeune. New York: Routledge Studies in Anthropology. 2002. Pp. 275. ISBN 0-415-26179 (hbk): $95.00


This short essay reflects on the process of running a Causal Layered Analysis scenario exercise with the Institute for Professional Development at the Academy of Public Administration in Kazakhstan in collaboration with John Sweeney (from the then Qazaq Research Institute for Futures Studies). We worked with approximately 50 public administrators over a 3 day period, culminating in a Causal Layered Analysis scenario process that challenged and reviewed the national vision. The process surfaced fundamental dynamics and tensions in national identity and representation. The findings and process are detailed here.


Altitudinal source regions and generation mechanisms of ionospheric scintillation are investigated by employing the incoherent scatter radar (ISR) at Poker Flat, Alaska (PFISR) and nearby global positioning system (GPS) receivers. Analysis of PFISR and GPS observations during the September 2017 geomagnetic disturbances reveals that phase scintillation is seen during auroral disturbances, and can occur at any storm phase. Statistical comparisons of the rate of change of the total electron content (TEC) index (ROTI) with the amplitude (S4) and phase (σϕ) scintillation in July‐December 2017 show a significant increase with geomagnetic activity and considerable correlations between ROTI and σϕ, whereas S4 showed no noticeable increase or correlations. The PFISR‐GPS comparisons show that scintillation occurs when the electron density is enhanced in the auroral E‐region and is stronger for larger E‐region peak density and/or lower E‐region peak altitude. This implies that scintillation is stronger for more intense and/or deeper auroral particle precipitation. A detailed analysis of an event with a well‐defined and propagating E‐region density enhancement imaged by PFISR reveals that scintillation is stronger on the trailing edge of the density enhancement. This feature is discussed in the context of the gradient‐drift instability as a potential mechanism for generation of plasma density waves that scatter GPS radio signals and lead to scintillation. The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence that ROTI can be used as a proxy for phase scintillation and that the ionospheric E‐region is an important source region for ionospheric scintillation at auroral latitudes.


Requirements "If you don't know where you're going, you're unlikely to end up there." Forrest Gump "All projects are iterative–it's just that some managers choose to have the iterations after final delivery." Urban Wisdom "It is easier to change the specification to fit the program than vice versa." Author Unknown "When somebody begins a sentence with 'It would be nice if...' the right thing to do is to wait politely for the speaker to finish. No project ever gets around to the it-would-be-nice features: or it they do, they regret it. Wait for sentences that begin 'We have to...' and pay close attention, and see if you agree." Tom Van Vleck


Received March 20, 2000. Revision received July 11, 2000. Accepted July 12, 2000. Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: GRS Secretariat, Medical Department M, Aarhus Kommunehospital, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. * These consensus guidelines have been endorsed by the following international societies: the Councils and Drug and Therapeutics Committees of the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society. It has also been endorsed by the Councils of the Australasian Pediatric Endocrinology Group, the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, and the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Endocrinologia Pediatrica.


OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technique is a multicarrier modulation technique in which data bits are transmitted in parallel over multiple subcarriers. Its main advantage to other techniques lies in its robustness against multipath fading and ISI (Inter Symbol Interference). It has widely gained acceptance and is the integral part of modern high speed systems like Wi-Fi (802.11a), LTE (Long Term evolution), DMT (Discrete Multi-tone Technique) systems, DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) systems. OFDM physical layer is also used for SDR (Software Defined Radio) based applications. In this paper a fast prototype design from concept to implementation of an OFDM system is carried out using Keysight Technologies Tool `SYSTEMVUE'. The implementation of final design was done in 40 nm CMOS Xilinx Virtex VI XC6VLX760 FPGA. The results obtained were analyzed on LA (Logic Analyzer) and were verified with the simulation results. Using SystemVue's model based FPGA flow rapid prototyping and high gain in design time can be achieved.


Abstract : Searching for and retrieving information from multiple, legacy data sources has become a critical need in areas such as counterterrorism data mining, all-source analysis, and law enforcement. Critical data is often scattered across conventional databases, web pages, XML (extensible markup language) repositories, and free text and multimedia data stores employing multiple schemas or even schema-less formats. The Extensible Probabilistic Repository Technology, XPRT, enables users and applications to search for and retrieve information from multiple, heterogeneous, legacy data sources. XPRT's mediators automatically translate information from source legacy formats into one or more federated schemas that mirror various application domains. XPRT's publish/subscribe service allows users to instantiate queries and have results asynchronously returned to them as soon as they become available in legacy sources.


Every year, reinforces the need for sustainable development management business enterprises. This is due to many factors. This article discusses the current state of the industrial sector, as well as the main challenges of sustainable business enterprises.


Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of nebulised budesonide suspension compared with systemic corticosteroid in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation for an exacerbation. Methods COPD patients for an exacerbation were prospectively enrolled in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. The patients from November, 2009 to December, 2011 were randomly sorted into three groups. The treatment groups were as follows. Control group received bronchodilator treatment with nebulised salbutamol (2 ml,Q6h) and nebulised ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg q. i. d. ) in separate sessions. Methylprednisolone group received systemic corticosteroids with methylprednisolone (i. v. 40 mg q. i. d. ) for 5 days beside the same bronchodilator treatments as control group. Budesonide group received nebulised corticosteroids with nebulised budesonide (2 rag, Q8h) for 5 days beside the same bronchodilator treatments as control group. All patients were given mechanical ventilation and antibiotics that were used according to patientts condition. IL-8 of induced sputum and absolute blood glucose level were detected at 1 h,72 h,5 d,7 d for mechanical ventilation. Results 48 patients completed the study (15in control group, 17 in methylprednisolone group, 16 in budesonide group). At 1 h for mechanical ventilation, there is no statistical difference for sputum IL-8,TNF-α and CRP in three groups. At 72 h for mechanical ventilation, Sputum IL-8,TNF-α and CRP in methylprednisolone group and budesonide group were lower than those at 1 h ( P〈0.05). At 5 d for mechanical ventilation, Sputum IL-8, TNF-α and CRP in control group was lower than those at 1 h ( P =0. 023). At 7 d sputum IL-8,TNF-α and CRP in methylprednisolone group and budesonide group were lower than those in control group ( P〈0.05). There is no statistical difference for sputum IL-8, TNF-αand CRP levels at 72 h, 5 d, 7 d between methylprednisolone group and budesonide group ( P〈0.05). Blood glucose exhibited an upward trend only in methylprednisolone group. Conclusions Nebulised budesonide exerted less systemic activity than systemic corticosteroid administration, as indicated by serial blood glucose measurements. In conclusion, the data suggest that high-dose nebulised budesonide may be an alternative to systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of exacerbations of COPD.

Key words:
Nebulised budesonide;  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;  Respiratory failure; Mmechanical ventilation


Most prior research on outcomes among older adults with established cardiovascular diseases focuses on recurrent events and hospitalizations. However, older adults value financial security and functional independence in addition to these disease-focused metrics. Recurrent cardiovascular events may increase risk of long-term nursing home residence and financial strain.

 To compare the risk for death, debility (long-term residence in a nursing home), and destitution (eligibility for health insurance programs for impoverished individuals) among older adults with recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and controls.

 We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative data from the United States Medicare program, a health insurance program for older adults. Among all patients who experienced a first overnight hospitalization with a discharge diagnosis of MI between 1 January 2007 and 30 June 2016, we identified patients with a recurrent MI hospitalization. Additionally, we selected controls from the same population of patients with MI, matched on calendar year of the initial MI and days since the initial MI. We included 194,481 patients aged 66 years and older with recurrent MI hospitalizations and 777,924 controls. Patients were followed for death, debility, and destitution until 31 December 2016. We used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and healthcare utilization to compare patients with recurrent MI and matched controls.

 The average age of the population was 80.0 (standard deviation 8.3) years and 56.7% were women. Patients with recurrent MI were more likely to have a history of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart failure and peripheral artery disease than controls. The cumulative incidence of death, debility, and destitution were all higher among patients with recurrent MI than their matched controls (Figure). Comparing patients with recurrent MI to controls, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.11 (2.09–2.13) for death, 0.92 (0.89–0.94) for debility, and 1.34 (1.29–1.39) for destitution after multivariable adjustment.
 Death, debility, and destitution

 Preventing recurrent MIs has the potential to reduce not only mortality but also destitution.

 Amgen, Inc


Digital photogrammetry allows the simultaneous use of multiple (more than two) overlapping images. Multiple image matching techniques improve the reliability and the precision of digital point determination. This paper reports on the development of a method for multiple feature matching and its application on the automatic point transfer in the aerial triangulation. The determination of corresponding points is modeled as a graph-theoretical problem. To solve this problem a special search algorithm was developed based on the methods of binary programming. Furthermore, a strategy was developed for the fully automatic use of the method in the digital point transfer. Operational aspects and empirical results of the practical use in conventional aerial triangulation with digitized photographs and data of three-line CCD camera are represented.


This compendium presents a set of products and tools on the process documentation (PD) approach that have been developed through the African Collaborative for Health Financing Solutions (ACS) project. By developing this paper, we aim to promote prospective policy analysis to strengthen universal health coverage (UHC) processes that take place in sub-Saharan African health systems. In this compendium, we provide the reader with a compilation of resources that help to understand and implement this approach. The reader should gain an understand of the ACS project's process documentation approach and the rationale behind the development of each tool. Additionally, we provided links to enable the reader to easily access each tool.


The authors present a voltage divider developed to calibrate the 10-V output of a Zener-diode voltage standard with reference to a 1-V Josephson array voltage standard. The ratio of the divider can be automatically self-calibrated by a digital voltmeter and a switching system controlled by a computer. The principle used for ratio calibration of the voltage divider is discussed. The configuration used for measurement of the divider ratio and the configuration used for calibration of the 10-V output of the Zener standard are described. The operation of the system is also described.<<ETX>>


The study aimed at investigating the time management strategies of the students on the faculty of Educational Sciences in the University of Jordan for the first semester of the academic year 2012/2013. The researcher developed a tool study which consisted of (45) items distributed within four levels, in which their validity and readability were tested. The sample of the study consisted of (237) male and female students in the bachelor and postgraduate levels. The researcher used the descriptive method, where the means and standard deviations were calculated. Moreover, the ANOVA and (SHEFFE) testes were used to calculate the post comparisons. The study concluded the following results:
1- There were no statistical significant differences in students time management strategies due to the educational level (bachelor and postgraduate levels) nor due the gender variable (male and female students).
2-There were statistical significant differences in students time management strategies due to the accumulative average and favour of (very good and excellent, thus higher the average were use of the time management strategy. Furthermore, the study concluded with some recommendations for better use of time management for the students.


A major obstacle to lung transplantation and combined heart- lung transplantation is dehiscence of the tracheobronchial anastomosis. We explored the possibility of laser welded anastomoses in canine tracheas in vivo. Laser anastomoses were performed on three-quarter circumferential anterior tracheotomies. A continous wave diode laser (808 +1 nm) at a power density of 9.6 watts/cm was used. Human fibrinogen was mixed with indocyanine green dye (ICG, max absorbance 805 nm) and applied to the anastomosis site prior to laser exposure. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 21 and 28 days post-operatively. At sacrifice weld bursting pressures were measured by raising intratracheal pressure using forced ventilation via an endotracheal tube. Sutured and laser welded anastomoses had similar bursting pressures, and exhibited satisfactory histologic evidence of healing. However, compared to polypropylene sutured controls, the laser welded anastomoses exhibited less peritracheal inflammatory reaction and showed visibly smoother luminal surfaces at 21 and 28 days post- operatively. Tracheal anastomosis using ICG dye enhanced fibrinogen combined with the near-infrared diode laser is a promising extension of the technology of laser tissue fusion and deserves further study.


Galvanized steel, aluminized steel, alcad aluminum, and coated galvanized steel corrugated metal pipes were subjected to water, different size aggregates and different flow rates to evaluate the rate of abrasion on each. Based on the tests performed in this abrasion project, Pacific Linings and Coatings, formerly C.I.M., showed the best wear resistance to aggregates up to 1 in. rock. The next best was galvanized steel followed by aluminized steel with alcad aluminum being last. From this project relationships between the three flow rates and the various materials tested were found. It is planned to develop a standard test so that a new material can be subjected to a standard number of revolutions with one size aggregate to determine the relative wear characteristics and how long it will last under various flows and bed loads.


Coupled beam axle for a vehicle, comprising a torsion beam (10) which is arranged in a vehicle width direction and longitudinal arm (20) which are arranged at both ends of the torsion beam (10) in a longitudinal direction of a vehicle body, wherein the torsion beam (10) a having open cross-section which is formed by press forming a sheet metal part that is processed so that the lengths of right and left side with respect to a center thereof are different from each other in an inverted U-shape, and cross-sectional widths which along the vehicle-width directions both sides with respect to the middle between the trailing arms (20) of both sides are different from each other, wherein a front and a rear surface in a wave shape along the vehicle-width directions of both sides are formed in relation to the center.


Migration of the legacy software systems to cloud environment is a very cost-effective solution for the service providers. It is primarily due to the elastic nature of the cloud environment: The migrated software is able to acquire and release resources on-demand based on the incoming workload and by doing this not only the service provider has to pay only for the resources they need, but also the QoS requirements of the end-users are always met. To achieve this, the migrated software has to be supported with an "Auto-Scaling Engine" to add or remove resources to/from it at runtime based on the incoming workload. However, Reacting to the transient workload changes always results in useless sequences of "acquirerelease" actions of cloud resources which impose unwanted overhead costs on the service provider due to the configuration changes. In this paper an "Intelligent Auto-Scaling Engine" which recognizes the transient workload changes using a Learning Automata and only reacts to the stable ones is proposed. We observed that the proposed method is very effective in reducing the overall costs of the service provider.


This article will try to review the causes and the incidence of precariousness in French socio-labour relations. Our objective is to understand the ways that the new labour composition and their expressions in strike movements could be a cause and a main consequence of precarious sectors' politicization. This ways are trying to renew the collective action built in the enterprises and their territories, replacing this groups in the main orientations of unions and social movements. We will note some relevant aspects to diagnose the raisons and the incidence of socio-labour precariousness in France. We will show the place of this precarious sectors, starting by young people , have been in the strike movements of the last years to end, in the third part, with a presentation of some local strikes in labour branches where the precarious work have been normalized in the last times.


The present work tackles the modeling problem concerning the initial steps of a Digital Twin (DT) application in a maneuvering ship. To envision a real implementation, further problems need to be solved, such as architecture design, communication network, digitalization purpose, etc., subjects which will not be aborded here. Instead, we concentrated on developing a well-rounded general system model that will enable the future employment of DT technology. Some examples can include performance analysis due to degradation of the hull, rudder, or thruster; decision support for maintenance scheduling; or even distance monitoring.
 The paper focuses on real-time estimation of the main vessel hydrodynamic coefficients — namely the drift and resistance coefficients — through ship motion measurements (obtained from GNSS and Gyrocompass) and the input commands to the propeller and rudder.
 Compared to the previous (OMAE2021-62899), we included proper propeller and rudder models; replaced the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) with the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and estimated the coefficients directly instead of its linear approximation.
 Some maneuvers were tested within a simulated environment called pyDyna — a ship maneuvering simulator implemented on python based on the mathematical model adopted in the TPN-USP Ship Maneuvering Simulation Center. Data from motion sensors were mimicked by inducing a Gaussian white noise in the data retrieved from the simulator in real-time intending to better represent a real-world scenario.
 Preliminary results show good adherence and low computational, possibly presenting as a convenient preliminary parameter assessment until more precise and time-consuming methods such as CFD are evoked.


A package of reforms to education designed to restructure the education system was introduced in the first three-year business plan for education in Alberta in 1994. Similar to other sites, the intention of the reforms was to increase community involvement and to make the system more efficient and accountable. Borrowing from policy writers, this paper traces the process associated with funding changes and the introduction of school-based management as part of the simultaneous centralization of control and devolution that began in 1994. Findings confirm that the cuts in education funding was a key driver in the restructuring, that centralizing changes overshadowed devolutionary reforms, and that there was more attention given to early phases in the policy process than to implementation and evaluation of outcomes.


We improved the discless accretion models in Wynn & King considering the effects of the changing aspect due to the white dwarf (WD) spin and the variable feeding intensity caused by the asynchronism, and set up a more general spot model that is not sensitive to the different forms of these effects and can be applied for the period analysis of the optical and X-ray light curve. The spot model can produce the power spectra compatible with the observations, and its simulations limit the ratio Pspin/Porb < 2 between the powers at the WD spin and the binary orbital frequencies, which is a strong criterion for identification of periods. Then we recognize the periods for CD Ind, BY Cam, and 1RXS J083842.1-282723. The spot model reveals a complex accretion geometry in the asynchronous polars (APs), which may indicate that the complex magnetic field causes their asynchronism. We think 1RXS J083842.1-282723 is a prepolar because of its highest asynchronism and stable light curve. Giving the unstable accretion process in APs, the period analysis of the long-term light curve will make the orbital signal prominent.


This work aimed to study the experiment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) detection via magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) capture combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Thirty sputum samples were collected, MTB was isolated and cultured, and DNA templates were prepared.
 Fe3O4-polyethylene imide (PEI) MNPs were prepared, and PCR was adopted to test the 30 samples. Within the range of 0–600 °C, as the temperature rose, the quality of Fe3O4-PEI MNPs was gradually reduced. MNPs were positively charged when the pH value was 2–8.
 The highest capture rate of MTB with OD500 = 0.4 was 71%. The highest capture rate of MTB with OD500 = 0.6 was 58%. The highest capture rate of MTB with OD500 = 0.8 was 26%. When the temperature was heated to 900 ˚C, the thermal weight loss of MTB was
 about 85% if MNP wasn't added. The thermal weight loss of MNP-captured MTB was about 45%, while that of uncaptured MTB was about 71%. In summary, polyethyleneimine could enhance the adsorption of MNP to MTB, and the capture rate gradually increased over time. The lipid of the cell wall
 of MTB was involved in the interaction between MTB and MNP.


This article examines the life and work of Arthur Kleiner, an Austrian composer, conductor, and pianist who, although relatively unknown, can be considered one of the most influential practitioners of silent film music during the sound era. Significantly, he was active during a time when the musical accompaniment of silent films could not be taken for granted


KEY WORDS, SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION The manuscript must be accompanied by a brief abstract, no longer than 100-150 words. It should make minimal use of mathematical symbols and displayed formulas. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) with primary (and secondary) subject classification codes and a list of 4-5 key words must be given. FIGURES Figures should be prepared in a digital form suitable for direct reproduction, grey scale only, preferably at resolution of 300 dpi or higher, sized to fit a journal page, and in EPS, TIFF or JPEG format. Figures should have a short descriptive title and should be numbered consecutively in order of appearance in the text. The position of each figure in the text should be indicated. REFERENCES Bibliographic references should be listed alphabetically at the end of the article. The author should consult Mathematical Reviews for the standard abbreviations of journal names. PROOFS The author will receive proofs only once. Late return of the proofs will delay the article to a later issue. PAGE CHARGES, OFFPRINTS There are no page charges. Authors will receive PDF file of the printed article free of charge. Additional offprints may be ordered from 'MIA' prior to publication. FORTHCOMING PAPERS Papers accepted and prepared for publication will appear in the forthcoming section of Journal Web page. They are identical in form as final printed papers, except volume, issue and page numbers. MIA is published by Publishing House ELEMENT, Zagreb, Croatia. The publication of this journal is not supported by Ministry of science, education and sports, Croatia All correspondence and subscription orders should be addressed to the Editorial Office: Mathematical Inequalities & Applications Editorial Office Menceticeva 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia www.ele-math.com e-mail: email@example.com Fax: +385 1 6008799 The content of this publication is indexed in Mathematical Reviews, Zentralblatt für Mathematik, Referativny urnal – Matematika, Scopus and Science Citation Index-Expanded. Mathematical Inequalities & Applications Volume 23, Number 4 (2020), 1197–1203 doi:10.7153/mia-2020-23-92 AN INEQUALITY INVOLVING THE CONSTANT e AND A GENERALIZED CARLEMAN–TYPE INEQUALITY CHAO-PING CHEN AND RICHARD B. PARIS (Communicated by I. Perić) Abstract. In this paper, we establish a double inequality involving the constant e . As an application, we give a generalized Carleman-type inequality. In this paper, we establish a double inequality involving the constant e . As an application, we give a generalized Carleman-type inequality.


Aggregate gradation is one of the main factors that influence the concrete strength and workability.Under the condition of water/cement ratio 0.55 and cement,fine aggregate and coarse aggregate mix ratio 1∶2∶2.75,the workability and compression strength of recycled concrete with different gradation is tested.It is discovered that the rupture appearance of recycled concrete is likeness to the ordinary concrete,and the concrete strength is high when the workability of fresh concrete is good,but the strength is low when the workability is poor.The variety of middle range aggregate gradation has obvious influence on the workability and compression strength of concrete.When the recycled aggregate replacement is 50%,60%,100%,and the content of aggregate particles in range 9.5~19 mm and 19~26.5 mm is near,the recycled concrete strength can be higher than the ordinary concrete.The compression strength of concrete containing bigger size recycled aggregate is higher than the strength of concrete containing smaller size recycled aggregate.On the supposition that aggregate particle number distribution satisfies fracture regulation and actual aggregate sieve gradation,the ratio γ of the mortar required packaging the aggregate particle and the total mortar is calculated.The ratio γ can reflect the variety of aggregate surface for the different aggregate gradation.If the ratio γ is bigger;the surface area is bigger.The γ value increasing means that the workability and strength lower and the γ value decrease means that the workability and strength advance.


: A study of the geometry effects of a SPR device based on a gold array of nanoholes has been done. Firstly, we obtained the dependence between the SPR peak position with the period, the hole's size and the thickness of the gold film. All this for two types of hole: circular and square shapes. Furthermore, we have simulated the effect of the refractive index of the medium on the reflection spectrum. Effectively, little changes in the refractive index provoke a shift in the SPR peak. It's the result we expected, because there are many devices based on calculating these changes on the medium through the reflection spectra obtained.


The article analyzes the main pedagogical ideas of V. Sukhomlynskyi concerning the training of a teacher of modern Ukrainian school. The pedagogical heritage of Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi is revealed, namely, "The 100 Advices to the Teacher" as a guide to actions in the system of preparation of future teachers at universities.It is determined that a teacher in the broad social sense is a thinker, a public figure who shapes the views and convictions of people, helps them to find their way in life. In a pedagogical sense it is a specialist who conducts studying and educational work with pupils in the secondary comprehensive schools. A teacher is a person who learns all his life.The pedagogical skill is considered as the highest level of pedagogical activity (if qualitative indicators of the result are characterized), as the manifestation of the creative activity of the teacher's personality (if the psychological mechanism of successful activity is characterized). The future teacher at a pedagogical university acquires theoretical knowledge through the teaching, as well as practical skills.The process of learning is characterized – purposeful, specially organized process of interaction between teacher and student (teaching and learning), the purpose of which is to receive education (knowledge and skills).The article also mentions the tasks of the teacher of the pedagogical university. It consists of the interest of future teachers in their subject, as well as in the creation of a student's inner need to self-learning, which plays an important role in shaping of the pedagogical skill of the personality.The article emphasizes the importance of acquiring the appropriate skills in the system of future teacher training. It is noted that during the period of study at the university, students have several types of practice. For the first time after the second year of studying students are allocated for summer practice in camps. After this practice, in the majority of students the motivation to the theoretical knowledge increases and appears an additional awareness of the importance and responsibility of teaching activities in the future. The article generalizes the main pedagogical ideas of V. Sukhomlynskyi, which are described in the "The 100 Advices to the Teacher" and included in the theory and practice of the national pedagogical thought. It is still a guide to the action in preparation of the teacher of the modern Ukrainian school.


The cover picture shows the schematic structures of a 2,5-dithienylphosphole and a dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]phosphole, as well as the fluorescence properties of materials based on the latter system. These scaffolds are two of the most promising organophosphorus-based building blocks for organic electronics to date. Extensive investigations of their structure–property relationships has laid ground for a variety of applications such as sensing or as an active component in electronic devices. Details on the syntheses, their systematic modifications, as well as the resulting (opto)electronic properties of the materials are presented in the Microreview by M. G. Hobbs and T. Baumgartner on p. 3611 ff.


The law has great significance for John Wesley, a significance which can be fully appreciated only when it is seen in relation to the gospel. "Let the law always prepare for the gospel," writes Wesley to one of his fellow-preachers (Joseph Cownley), thus emphasizing one of the main functions of the law.' In the same letter he warns that preaching on so vital a theme as the love of God could be counter productive unless the law is emphasized. With keen perception and real candor he pin-pointed a danger he observed in his own preaching and in that of Cownley's:


Kate Broom draws on personal experience, relevant literature and a survey of artists who have worked in the Probation Service to explore the place of art practice in probation work and to argue that art practice has an important place within the current 'What Works' thinking.


The book edited by Kocka and Mitchell is but the tip of one iceberg. This particular iceberg is a three-volume German study edited by Kocka which contains forty-six essays. From these Kocka and Mitchell have selected seventeen. The original German publication was linked to a collaborative research project conducted at the Centre of Interdisciplinary Research at Bielefeld which has given rise to numerous journal articles, monographs and collections of essays. The research project has continued to run at the University of Bielefeld where it has led to further publications. A four-volume collection of essays on the educated bourgeoisie (Bildungsbiirgertum), of which Kocka was one of the editors, arose out of research centred on Heidelberg. Another project under the leadership of Lothar Gall at Frankfurt has produced a stream of publications. German academics are perhaps peculiar only in the degree of collective organization they bring to bear upon the historical study of the nineteenth-century European bourgeoisie. The subject also flourishes in Britain and is a growth area in other countries such as Italy and France. The Bielefeld project was distinguished also by its European and comparative approach and aspects of this have been taken up by the European University Institute in Florence.


During the Irish Famine of 1864-51 there were an estimated 1 million excess deaths the migration of 1.3 million persons and 300000 averted births. To assess the influence of population changes at the local in Ulster decennial censal records were analyzed for the Barony of Upper Ards County Down from 1841-1911. Data on marriages contracted in the 4 Roman Catholic 5 Presbyterian and 8 Episcopalian congregations were also abstracted from Civil Parish Registers for the period 1840-1915 and were used to calculate levels of random and nonrandom inbreeding through time by isonymic analysis. In the pre-Famine census of 1841 the total population of Upper Ards was 16964. From 1841-1911 population figures decreased by 44.5% with a consistent surplus of females in all parishes throughout the study period. Both population density and the number of persons dwelling declined at equivalent rates resulting in increasingly dispersed patterns of settlement. There was a marked overall increase in nonrandom inbreeding (Fn) in the immediate post-Famine period which was sustained throughout the 19th century before declining during 1900-15. However significant heterogeneity was observed in the Fn values calculated both between and within each of the 3 main religious denominations indicating differential responses to marriage partner choice in the post-Famine years. The observed changes are not compatible with a simple model of reduction in mate availability under conditions of population decline. Instead it is suggested that they can most convincingly be explained in terms of a specific population response to the subsistence crisis initiated by the Famine. (authors)


Pancreas segmentation provide radiologically and clinically significant information for diagnosing diseases related to pancreas. Moreover, it also helps to plan pancreatic surgery. Pancreas segmentation is a challenging task due to very high shape and volume variability of the pancreas among different patients. In this paper, we have reviewed machine learning and deep learning-based approaches applied by various researchers for pancreas segmentation. These algorithms have a mean Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 78.35% with maximum and minimum DSC as 89.7% and 56.46% respectively. The availability of better computation power and large datasets will further enhance the performance of pancreas segmentation and related tasks. The approaches presented in this paper can be easily modified to the multi organ segmentation methods by changing the loss function. The study revealed the challenge of quantizing network while maintaining performance accuracy.


criteria derived fromexperimental studies of humanamnesic syndromes, particularly thealcoholic Korsakoff ssyndrome, havebeenusedto characterise anunusual formofamnesia that occurred intwopatients after rupture ofananterior communication cerebal artery aneurysm.Intraoperative observation andmultiple CT scansdid notreveal focal brain damage. Arteriography showedthat bothpatients hadarterial vasospasm. Theamnesia haspersisted overthree yearssince thesurgery.Study ofthecharacteristics oftheir amnesia showedseveral features incommon withother amnesic syndromes, including severely depressed freerecall, andless depressed recognition ofvisual andverbal material. Chronic amnesic syndromes withcharacteristics ofclassical amnesic syndromes occur infrequently after ruptureandrepair ofintracranial aneurysms,and,ifnotcaused byparenchymal haemorrhage, may follow pre-operative vasospasm. An amnesic syndrome follows brain injury froma numberofpathophysiologic aetiologies. Whereas theamnesia associated withalcoholic Korsakoff s syndrome,12 temporal loberesection,34 orherpes encephalitis5 6 hasbeenstudied clinically and experimentally, theamnesia that follows therupture andrepair ofacerebral artery aneurysm, particularly intheanterior circulation, hasnotbeensowell described.7- 13Moststudies ofthisamnesia suggested thatthememorydeficit wastransient, and "Korsakoff-like" withconfusion, inattentiveness andconfabulation.'0-'4 Thistransient amnesia often followed frontal lobehaemorrhage or,inthecourse ofaneurysm repair, frontal loberemoval. Other reports withextended longitudinal evaluations of patients withaneurysm rupture andrepair, suggested thatresidual memorydeficits werechronic, butthese reports lacked detailed neuropsychological analysis.7 lS16 Totherarereports thatattempted tocharacterise thefeatures ofthis chronic amnesic syndrome,'"18 weaddthepresent study, whichreports twopatients withamnesia three years after theysustained arupturedanterior communicating artery aneurysm.


A 2-year-old boy was born with oesophageal atresia and a low anorectal malformation (perineal fistula). There were two urethral orifices: one pinpoint epispadiac and one penoscrotal (figure 1A,B). The corpora cavernosa were hypoplastic and flaccid. He passed urine predominantly through the penoscrotal meatus. His parents noted that his penis 'grew bigger' during micturition.

Figure 1
(A) The hypospadiac urethral meatus at the penoscrotal junction. (B) The dorsal epispadiac urethral meatus and …


Samples of coal, bottom ash and fly ash have been collected from Shizuishan and Shangwan power plants, Northwest of China. Comparative leaching experiments were carried out by different solution and leaching time. Leaching characteristics of environmentally-sensitive trace elements, such as As, Pb, Cd, Se, Mo, Co and U in coal, bottom ash and fly ash during different time was conducted. Based on the contents of trace element in different solutions measured by atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the leaching proportion, maximum relative leaching amount and leaching intensity of trace elements have been calculated. The result showed that the leaching behavior of different elements vary greatly, and pH value of solutions, leaching times and sample type have strong influence on leaching behavior. Reference to the environmental quality standard of underground water, the environmental impacts of trace elements were evaluated.


The paper summarizes the results of research work carried out to evaluate properly the noise emission characteristics of a 300‐t hydraulic press in a complex noise propagation environment. On the basis of the collected data, some control measures were designed, and the results are discussed. As well known, noise is widely affected by the acoustical environment the sound propagates through, and an effective description of the source emission properties is required for the control design. Traditional measurement techniques are not the best for this purpose, because the information on acoustic pressure depends on the environment. To overcome this problem, the emitted acoustic power was then evaluated by means of acoustic intensity measurements; in such a way it is possible to qualify real and complex sound sources, locating the contribution of single parts that participate in sound generation. Resulting maps describing the contribution of every single part, an effective individuation of improvement strategie...


The effects of process modules of tunnel oxide, barrier metal, and passivation films on the endurance performance of flash EEPROM devices have been extensively characterized. It is found that dilute wet O/sub 2/+N/sub 2/O anneal for tunnel oxide, Ti/TiN as barrier metals, and SOG as interlayer passivation can greatly improve endurance performance and greatly reduce Gm degradation.


Incorporating a failed acquisition would erode the value of the bidders pre-existing assets,or negative synergies,using a game-theoretic real option approach,this paper presents a dynamic model of acquisitions.Our research indicates that,Ceteris paribus,the reservation premium of target firm is influenced at least by four factors:the characteristics of target firm,the industry's characteristics,the expect synergy gains of bidders and a failed acquisition erode the value of the bidder,s pre-existing assets. The bigger the eroding is,the lower of the reservation premium of target firm would be and the longer of the optimal trigger price would be.Two numerical examples are given.The model can be used to price of property right transfer of state-owned enterprises in China.Opening market pricing is the best way for property right transfer of state-owned enterprises.


The purpose of the article is to examine the history of bilateral relations until the beginning of the 21st century, thanks to the available information and based on an analysis of the actions of Moscow and Ankara, to assess the prospects for the transition to Russian-Turkish relations in the next few years. The modern world order, which arose at the end of the 20th century due to the collapse of the Yalta-Potsdam system and called «polycentricity», is an urgent problem in the scientific community (i.e, among analysts, scientists and experts). The foreign policy of this or that country has a significant impact on the development of geopolitical processes. As you know, Russia and Turkey play a key role in the international arena. This is evidenced by the holding of meetings of the Presidents and Foreign Ministers to resolve the conflict in Syria, the achievement of mutual understanding by Moscow and Ankara through the implementation of joint energy projects, the participation of the two countries in ensuring security in Central Asia and the Caucasus. At the same time, the prospects for Russian-Turkish cooperation are in the focus of attention of orientalists and Turkologists, and the presence of numerous publications makes it possible to determine their points of view on this issue.


year it had caused outbreaks in both the eastern and western states of India. Cholera El Tor spreads rapidly and extensively over much wider areas than classical cholera ; it also reaches areas where classical cholera is already endemic, and in several places the new infection has displaced the old. In the B.M.7. this week Drs. S. Mukerjee, S. Basu, and P. Bhattacharya report (page 837) that in mixed culture V. eltor eliminates V. cholerae in a few hours both in vitro and in vivo. It may be expected that because of the lower incidence of cases and higher carrier rate of cholera El Tor the total number of clinical cholera cases in former endemic areas may decline and yet the area of infection increase. Cases of classical cholera may be diminished in number. In 1963 14 cases of cholera El Tor were imported into Japan as ships' passengers, and for the first time the cases were detected among travellers arriving by air. Healthy carriers may excrete V. eltor for several months in contrast to up to three weeks for V. cholerae, so it is reasonable to suggest that the El Tor variety may spread further in the Middle East and possibly to the West. Recently a controlled field trial of the effectiveness of classical and El Tor cholera vaccines has been carried out in the Philippines.3 It was the first strictly controlled field trial of cholera vaccines since Ferran introduced the first one in 1885. The trial covered 584,000 people and tested an endemic V. eltor fluid vaccine, a V. cholerae vaccine, a cholera oil-adjuvant vaccine, and a monovalent typhoid vaccine. Observations on reactions to inoculation were made in 1,000 persons selected at random. Nearly all the severe reactions that occurred were caused by the oil-adjuvant vaccine. The classical cholera vaccine accounted for only 0.8% of the total number of severe reactions, the El Tor vaccine 1.7%, and the typhoid vaccine 1.4%. Of about 146,000 persons given the oil-adjuvant vaccine 1,687 developed severe reactions, or 1 in 86. A 26-week period of surveillance was carried out and it was observed that the effectiveness of the vaccines, expressed as a percentage reduction in the incidence of cholera in immunized groups when compared with the control group, was as follows: classical cholera vaccine 26%, El Tor vaccine 42%, oil-adjuvant vaccine 56%. There were 325 confirmed cases of cholera in the vaccinated groups, with 25 deaths. It was shown that the classical cholera and El Tor vaccines conferred better protection than the oil-adjuvant for the first 60 days; during the next 60 days the protection they gave decreased, while the oil-adjuvant vaccine maintained and showed a tendency to increase its protective capacity. At the end of six months the oil-adjuvant vaccine conferred 67% protection, the El Tor vaccine 25%, and the classical cholera vaccine none at all. At the end of nine months the protective effect of the oil-adjuvant vaccine was at the 50% level while the El Tor vaccine no longer gave protection. An analysis of the symptoms of the 325 cases showed that the course of cholera El Tor diseases was not significantly altered by vaccination. But the overall carrier rate in the vaccinated group of 8.2% was lower than the 12.4% in the control group. It can be seen from these results that the oil-adjuvant vaccine would be preferred if it did not cause such severe reactions. This valuable trial has shown that the effectiveness of the vaccines used is low and of short duration. Further laboratory and field investigations to improve and assess the value of different types of cholera vaccine are required if the disease is to be controlled through immunization. The control of cholera is based on epidemiological principles of early accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, notification to national and international health authorities, isolation of contacts and detection of carriers, disinfection, immunization, environmental hygiene, and health education. Laboratories and rehydration centres may be lacking in countries threatened with cholera outbreaks, so that international assistance and the sharing of experience may be needed. Adequate supplies of effective vaccine must be available, and every assistance should be given to help countries raise standards of water supplies and sewage disposal. Modern travel enables cholera to be imported anywhere, but it can spread only when environmental hygiene is poor. Perhaps the new cholera threat will spur governments to carry out the necessary sanitary reforms. The provision of safe water supplies on a permanent basis and proper sewage disposal is an expensive undertaking, especially on a large scale. Sums of money will be required that can be provided only by full international co-operation. It is to be hoped that this will be forthcoming.


The optimum conditions for the delay of implantation in the mouse by hypophysectomy and neurodepressive agents were studied in order to elucidate the pituitary and ovarian events involved in implantation. Experiment 1 consisted of inhibition of implantation by hypophysectomy. When hypophysectomy was performed on Day 1 of pregnancy and the mice were examined for blastocysts on Days 4-8 the absence of blastocysts indicates the importance of the pituitary for normal zygote viability and development. A group of mice similarly treated but injected with either progesterone or a long-acting progestogen (Depo-Provera) produced zygotes characteristic of the 5th day of normal pregnancy. These blastocysts proved capable of further development as well. In Experiment 3 the time of pituitary involvement in implantation after normal and induced mating was determined. Groups of normal and induced-mated rats were hypophysectomized at 1600 2000 and 2400 hours on Day 3 of pregnancy or 800 1200 and 1600 hours on Day 4. 1.0 mg progesterone was given immediately after surgery and daily thereafter until Day 8. In normal pregnancy the pituitary was necessary up to sometime between 2000 hours on Day 3 and 800 hours on Day 4. The pituitary was required for 8 hours longer in induced pregnancy. Varied time of ovulation in relation to pituitary involvement in implantation was tested in Experiment 4. It appears that some factor other than delayed ovulation is responsible for the delayed sequence of events after induced mating. A significant difference is seen in the growth of implanted embryos after normal and induced mating confirming the retarded development in induced pregnancy. A comparison of several neurodepressive drugs affecting implantation demonstrates that among chlorpromazine trifluoperazine reserpine pentobarbitone sodium and thiopentone sodium trifluoperazine was found to be the most potent inhibitor of implantation at a dose of 250 mcg/day. It causes a significant delay in implantation only when administered before midnight of Day 3. Trifluoperazine inhibits ovulation with decreasing success from 1100 to 2100 hours on the day of proestrus.


Modern cochlear implants (CIs) convey fundamental frequency (F0) information using a purely temporal code. However, temporal pitch processing ‐ as measured by the discrimination of the changes in the rate of a pulse train applied to a single electrode ‐ is often worse than in normal hearing (NH) at low pulse rates, and usually deteriorates dramatically at rates above about 300 pps. We will describe evidence that at low pulse rates, the value of the pitch perceived can be affected by refractory effects at the level of the auditory nerve (AN), and can also be influenced by small (< 0.5 dB) changes in stimulus level. In contrast, the deterioration in rate discrimination at high rates appears to be impervious to a wide range of manipulations that would be expected to strongly affect the representation of the stimulus at the level of the AN. One example of this is the finding that the variation in rate discrimination performance with baseline rate for single‐pulse‐per‐period pulse trains correlates, across lis...


This article offers an overview of the conceptual, substantive, and practical issues surrounding "big data" to provide one perspective on how the field of public affairs can successfully cope with the big data revolution. Big data in public affairs refers to a combination of administrative data collected through traditional means and large-scale data sets created by sensors, computer networks, or individuals as they use the Internet. In public affairs, new opportunities for real-time insights into behavioral patterns are emerging but are bound by safeguards limiting government reach through the restriction of the collection and analysis of these data. To address both the opportunities and challenges of this emerging phenomenon, the authors first review the evolving canon of big data articles across related fields. Second, they derive a working definition of big data in public affairs. Third, they review the methodological and analytic challenges of using big data in public affairs scholarship and practice. The article concludes with implications for public affairs.


ABSTRACTWe developed a new numerical solution for the wave equation that combines symplectic integrators and the rapid expansion method (REM). This solution can be used for seismic modeling and reverse-time migration (RTM). In seismic modeling and RTM, spatial derivatives are usually calculated by finite differences (FDs) or by the Fourier method, and the time evolution is normally obtained by a second-order FD approach. If the spatial derivatives are computed by higher order FD schemes, then the time step needs to be small enough to avoid numerical dispersion, therefore increasing the computational time. However, by using REM with the Fourier method for the spatial derivatives, we can apply the proposed method to propagate the wavefield for larger time steps. Moreover, if the appropriate number of expansion terms is chosen, this method is unconditionally stable and propagates seismic waves free of numerical dispersion. The use of a symplectic numerical scheme provides the solution of the wave equation an...


Every corporation which has ever done business as a government contractor, subcontractor, tenant or lessee physically located on a federal installation which has involved the production or handling of hazardous substances is potentially liable for the entire cost of cleanup of that facility under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund). This liability is not, under the current state of the law, initially limited to a proportionate share based on the relative contribution of hazardous


Introduction: Women and Men in Policing The Status Model of Gender Stereotyping Status Characteristics Theory and the Gender-Stereotyped Personality Traits Description of the Study: The Sample of Police Partners and Measures Status and Personality: The Dominating, Instrumental, and Expressive Traits Coping with Low Status: The Verbal-Aggressive and Submissive Traits Police Officers Who Violate Gender Norms: The Bipolar Traits Self-Esteem: The Impact of Status and Personality Traits The Patterning of Traits within Individual Personality Status, Gender, and Personality: Towards an Integrated Theory Implications for Policing Appendix Notes References Index


The family Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) is a poorly known group of microlepidoptera, even though it is one of the highly diverse groups containing more than 5,000 known species worldwide. In this article, the family in the Korean Peninsula is reviewed, with a total of 215 known species, belonging 67 genera and four subfamilies.


: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health issue worldwide and nearly 1 million people have deficiency of vitamin D.Due to greater sun exposure and increased production of Vitamin D, Sufficient level of Serum Vitamin D is expected in the people of tropics regions to the inhabitants of non-tropical regions.In Nepal, CKD patients are increasing and difficult to management due to different factors. We explored the status of socio-cultural and vitamin D levels in the Nepalese chronic kidney disease patients. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study of 217 CKD patients was enrolled and compared with age, sex, ethnic groups, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and albumin from January 2015 to September 2018. Wewere analysed these variables by using SPSS. A 25 hydroxy vitamin D deficiency was defined as less than 10ng/ ml and insufficiency as 10 to 30 ng/ml. Result: Out of 217 chronic kidney Disease (CKD) patients, 42.9% (93) male and 57.1% (124) femaleMajority ethnic groups of 217 CKD patients, were 54 (25%) Chhetri and 110 (51%). whereas education level of CKD patients were 25% Illiterate and 42% primary level. And in case of majority of Occupation level of CKD patients were 29% business, 25% farming and 25% housewife. Out of 217 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, 94 were age between (41to 60) and 47 were age between (61 to 80). Mean of variables wereage (48.29± 15.46), Vitamin D (20.49± 12.08), Phosphorus(4.36± 1.09), Albumin(4.07±0.43). Out of 217 patients, 25 (OH) Vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/ml) and Insufficiency (10-30 ng/ml) were diagnosed as 38 (18%)patients and 144(66%) patients respectively.Significant correlation between vitamin D with Calcium (r value 0.156; P<0.05), Phosphorus (r value -0.025; P<0.05) Creatinine (r value -155; P< 0.05) and Urea (r value -165; P<0.05) was found.Conclusion: Result of our study indicated that Nepalese population having age 48 years and female were majority of patients in CKD and Low vitamin D levels observed in Nepalese CKD patients.


SIP is one of the most successful protocols in the field of IP telephony communication. It establishes and manages VoIP calls. As the number of SIP implementation rises, we can expect a higher number of attacks on the communication system in the near future. This work aims at malicious SIP traffic classification. A number of various machine learning algorithms have been developed for attack classification. The paper presents a comparison of current research and the use of classifier fusion method leading to a potential decrease in classification error rate. Use of classifier combination makes a more robust solution without difficulties that may affect single algorithms. Different voting schemes, combination rules, and classifiers are discussed to improve the overall performance. All classifiers have been trained on real malicious traffic. The concept of traffic monitoring depends on the network of honeypot nodes. These honeypots run in several networks spread in different locations. Separation of honeypots allows us to gain an independent and trustworthy attack information.


Because of the toxicity of traditional mercury catalysts, nonmercuric catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination have been receiving great concern. In this study, a novel environmentally friendly Cu...


Lifelong learning is a continuous daily activity of an individual with the aim to gain or improve knowledge, skills and competences related to their personal, civic, social or professional activities (EU, 2000). Key competences are defined as a multifunctional set of knowledge, skills and attitudes that all individuals need for their personal development, social inclusion and employment. In 2006, the European Union made a recommendation on key competences for lifelong learning. The aim of this paper was to examine how secondary school students in their final year assess the importance and degree to which they have eight key competences for a successful career, as well as their relationship. The study was conducted on a sample of 230 final-year students. For the purpose of the research, the USDU scale (Vukovic, 2014) was constructed (Likert-type, containing 31 items, scale reliability alpha = 0,925). According to the results obtained, the students attach the highest importance to the digital competences and communicating in foreign languages. The lowest importance is attached to the mathematical, scientific and technological competence, as well as cultural awareness and expression. Assessment of degree of competence has a similar profile, but values are lower than those of importance. The relationship between estimation of importance and degree of possession is of medium intensity and is significant at the level of 0.01.


The use of a psychoacoustic roughness model as a predictor of creaky voice is reported. We found that the roughness temporal profile of vocalic segments can predict the presence of creakiness in speech. Using a simple bi-directional Recurrent Neural Network (rnn), we were able to predict the presence of creakiness in vocalic segments from only roughness traces with an accuracy similar to that obtained with rnns trained on at least 12-dimensional input data (including amplitude difference between the first two harmonics, residual peak prominence, etc.). Training rnns with the combination of roughness and multidimensional input data improved the performance of the predictor, but not significantly. Likewise, augmenting the dataset by time derivatives of the input features did not improve the predictor's performance. The proposed roughness-based predictor eases interpretation and comparison of creakiness among corpora and suggests that roughness prediction models could be successfully used for classification of creaky intervals in speech.


Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on NK cell activity and phagocyte function at different frequencies MethodsApplication of morphology and MTT method,different acupoints combination was selected and given to healthy people daily electrical acupoint stimulation for 30 minutes,to detect the effect of EA at different frequency on NK cell activity and phagocyte function in humans. ResultsIn and 1d after the last day of EA with 2Hz and 2/100Hz,NK cell activity was significantly increased(P0.05);Only in the first day after EA with a frequency of 100Hz,NK cell activity was significantly increased(P0.05).In and 1d after the last day of EA with a frequency of 2Hz,the phagocytic percentage rate and phagocytic index were significantly enhanced(P0.01) and maintain the same level;In and 1d after last day of EA with frequency of 2/100Hz,the phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index were significantly higher(P0.05,P0.01) and there is an upward trend(P0.01);In and 1d after the last day of EA with a frequency of 100Hz,the phagocytic percentage were significantly higher(P0.01,P0.05),and only in the last day of EA with a frequent of 100Hz the phagocytic index significantly increased(P0.01). ConclusionThe effect of EA on NK cell activity and phagocyte function has the existence of frequency responsiveness,and this will provide the theoretical and practical basis for clinical application of EA.


bilingualism and cognitive growth in chapter 9, where she seeks to provide an explanatory framework to account for the relationship. The final chapter by Ellen Bialystok and Jim Cummins summarizes the relevant research and findings of the past decade. In addition to the content of the volume, two other characteristics make this book a model for edited volumes. The first characteristic is that none of the chapters can be considered weak. Each provides a unique and important contribution to the overall issue of language processing in bilingual children. The second characteristic is that the papers contained in this volume come together to provide a relatively unified picture of language processing in bilingual children. This is enhanced by chapters 6 and 10, which help create a synthesis that aids the coherence of the book overall.


S. Abstracts Editor—W. DOUGLAS HAEMEE, 9, Park Crescent, London, W. 1.s Editor—W. DOUGLAS HAEMEE, 9, Park Crescent, London, W. 1. Authors of Original Communications on Oto-laryngology in other Joxtrnals are invited to send a copy, or two reprints, to the JOURNAL OF LARYNGOLOGY. If they are willing, at the same time, to submit their own abstract (in English, French, Italian of German) it will be welcomed.


The mechanisms underlying mechanosensory hair bundle formation in auditory sensory cells are largely mysterious. In this issue, Lelli et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201509017) reveal that a pair of molecular motors, myosin IIIa and myosin IIIb, is involved in the hair bundle's morphology and hearing.


Excerpt Intrinsic factor, secreted by gastric parietal cells in man (1), is necessary for vitamin B12absorption. This substance, a mucoprotein that has yet to be prepared in a pure state, combines ...


From individual cases, the concrete reasons for the contact between thinkers and Buddhists in Tang Dynasty are given. The reasons for the contact between LIU Yu-xi and Buddhists lie in three aspects such as: studying Buddhism and enriching Confucianism, paying worship, and believing in Buddha so as to seek for spirit reliance in political misfortune, and in most cases, searching for science and knowledge especially in the intercourse between poets among the Buddhists.


Odner, K. 1978. Encapsulation in a capitalist economy and traditional norms. Contributing factors to ecological imbanlance among the Kenyan Masai. Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. Vol. 32, pp. 27–40. Oslo. ISSN 0029-1951. It is commonly believed that participation in the activities of the larger society will break down the values of the indigenous society. In this essay it is argued that it is also capable of stabilizing the traditional values - particularly when there is little security in the larger society involved. Focus will be directed to ecological implications. Arguments are based on material the author collected in the Ngoile area of Kajiado district in Kenya.


Author: Emmi Seppänen Title: Ethics role in consumer perceptions and behavior in children's clothing brands Faculty: LUT School of Business and Management Degree programme: International Marketing Management Year: 2016 Master's Thesis: Lappeenranta University of Technology 85 pages, 7 figures, 1 table and 1 appendix Examiners: Associate Professor Anssi Tarkiainen Professor Olli Kuivalainen


This paper presents a speed control of a buck converter driven a direct current (DC) motor. The speed control is designed and programmed to compute a constrained model predictive controller (MPC) algorithm that regulates a reliably constant and accurate speed in the presence of different value of load torque. The challenge of regulating speed under variable load torques is solved by using the predicted discrete averaged state space model and the predicted constrained input control signal. The proposed strategy uses the output feedback signal to the MPC to first predict the state vector and the input control signal that are fed to the DC-DC buck converter to adjust the required output voltage and current, then fed to the permanent magnet DC-motor. Since the DC-motor output speed signal varies, a constrained input control signal applied to the DC-DC converter to keep the control signal limited between boundaries of 0-1. This process is fulfilled by computing the quadratic programming (QP) optimization algorithm at each prediction horizon interval. MATLAB and Simulink were used to obtain the simulated results and output figures.


Odd relationships abound among the wonders of Nature. Just as men keep cows, some ants herd aphids. The bee pays Nature for its food by pollinating the flower. One symbiotic relationship that concerns foresters is the coupling of tree roots with certain fungi to form compound structures, part tree root and part fungus mycelium, which we call mycorrhizae.


An experimental verification of previous theoretical work on the diffusion of saturated regions in magnetic materials has been accomplished. The diffusion times for the saturated region in Hipernom® tubes have been measured for various exciting magnetic fields and pulse durations. The calculated and experimentally obtained diffusion times are in excellent agreement. Exciting pulse currents up to several thousand amperes have been impressed on the test samples which varied in thickness from 5 to 18 mils. Saturation diffusion times for a 6 mil tube varied from 6 to 0.3 ? sec. depending on the impressed magnetic field amplitude as predicted by the theory. Prior to punch through of the saturated region, little or no magnetic field leakage was detected in the interior of the test samples.


Optimum weight design of aircraft structures meeting all the functional, performance and regulatory requirements is quite challenging. Use of advanced materials like composites in aircraft industry increases the complexity further. Many optimization approaches are developed in the literature. However, most of these approaches are not scalable to solve the large structural optimization problems of aircraft industry. Aircraft industry uses closed form calculations for sizing of the structural components using in-house tools. Both static and fatigue strengths are assessed using these analytical and semi-empirical approaches based on extensive testing. HyperStudy is one of the good tools available for optimization of large scale problems. It is essential to develop an optimization environment integrating in-house sizing tools and HyperStudy to solve large scale weight optimization problems of aircraft industry. Such approach will help in optimizing large components in less time while meeting the regulatory requirements. This paper presents an integrated weight optimization approach based on HyperStudy which was used to optimize primary aircraft structural components. The approach has been implemented on cost effective Microsoft platform using Visual basic application environment interacting with ALTAIR HyperStudy and in-house Sizing Tools. Thus the current approach utilizes best of both in-house tools and COTS tools. The proposed approach has been illustrated through an aircraft structural optimization case study. Abbreviations: IDT-Intermediate Diagonal Tension, MS-Margin of Safety, UC/LC-Upper Chord/Lower Chord, XMLExtensible Markup Language, NACA-National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics


Oceanic basalts provide an invaluable window into evolutionary processes governing mantle spatial and temporal chemical heterogeneity. Ocean island basalts (OIBs) and enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-MORBs) are powerful tracers of mantle melting and crust-mantle recycling processes. Whether the elemental and isotopic variations observed in both E-MORBs and OIBs are derived from similar mechanisms, however, remains under debate. Investigating compositional differences between E-MORBs and OIBs is a simple approach to constrain their origins, a technique for which machine learning classification algorithms are optimal. Here we implemented a novel machine learning approach complemented by mantle component mixing models to highlight compositional differences between E-MORBs and OIBs and further investigate their petrogenesis (data sourced from GEOROC database and Gale et al., 2013). Considering Random Forest-based Gini indexes, elements sensitive to pressure and degree of melting (FeO, TiO 2 , Lu, and Sr) were identified as the best discriminators


A 53-year-old woman, with history of rheumatic heart disease, double Starr-Edwards caged-ball mechanical valves in the mitral and aortic position (Figure [A]), and embolic infarct in the left anterior descending coronary territory, presented with recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) refractory to escalating doses of antiarrhythmic drugs and leading to multiple implantable cardioverter-defibrillator interventions. Preprocedural imaging with transthoracic echocardiogram and contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a large left ventricular (LV) apical aneurysm with dense calcifications (Figure [B] and [C]). A transapical surgical access was deemed not optimal given the apical location of the substrate, the presence of calcifications, and the requirement for oral anticoagulant discontinuation with the history of thromboembolism. A percutaneous transinterventricular septum puncture was planned to access the LV. The procedure was performed on full systemic anticoagulation with uninterrupted warfarin (INR=2.8) and intravenous heparin (target activated clotting time 350 seconds). The right internal jugular vein was accessed, and a deflectable sheath (Agilis NxT; St. Jude Medical) was advanced to the basal right ventricular (RV) septum as visualized by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) (Figure [D] and [E]). After confirming a safe distance from the coronary septal perforator branches with both left and right coronary angiography, the interventricular septum was crossed with a 0.035-inch endovascular radiofrequency wire (PowerWire; Baylis Medical, Inc) applying radiofrequency energy at the tip of the wire (10 W for 4 seconds) and guided by direct imaging with ICE (Figure [F]; Movie SI in the Data Supplement). Once the dilator was advanced within the left ventricle over the radiofrequency wire, in order to facilitate the advancement of the sheath over the dilator, the …


A lighting device for a refrigerator is provided to reduce a limitation on the storage capacity for a refrigerator due to heat generated from the lighting device thereby maintaining the degree of freshness of food stored in the refrigerator. A lighting device for a refrigerator comprises a printed circuit substrate(41) formed by surface finishing a substrate made of a metal material, at least one light emitting diodes(43) mounted on the front surface of the printed circuit substrate to optionally light a storage compartment of the refrigerator, and a mounting bracket(45) for attaching the printed circuit substrate having the light emitting diodes mounted thereof to one side of the storage compartment. The mounting bracket includes a bracket body(46) having a resting groove(46A) formed therein and at least one inserting hole through which a lead wire is inserted, and a pair of flanges(47) installed on both sides of the bracket body.


Current research strategies in the treatment of biofilm infections have focused on dispersal, in which bacteria are made to vacate the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) surrounding them and return to a planktonic state where antimicrobial treatments are more effective. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which cleave bonds in EPS polysaccharides, have been shown to promote dispersal in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The dispersal mechanism is possibly due to GHs' ability to directly release bacteria from the EPS, disrupt EPS' ability to regulate the environment, or reduce overall mechanical stability. In this work, passive microrheology is used to examine the relevance of the last mechanism by exploring the effects of three GHs (α-amylase, cellulase, and xylanase) known to disperse P. aeruginosa on local biofilm viscoelasticity. Compared to control studies in wild-type strains, it is found that treatment with all three GHs results in statistically relatively less elastic and stiffer biofilms, indicating that changes to mechanical stability may be a factor in effective dispersal. Both cellulase and xylanase were observed to have the greatest impact in creating a less stiff and elastic biofilm; these GHs have been observed to be effective at dispersal in the published results. Each GH was further tested on biofilms grown with strains that produced EPS missing specific polysaccharide components. Cellulase specifically targeted Psl, which forms the major structural and mechanical backbone of the EPS, explaining its efficacy in dispersal. However, xylanase did not appear to exhibit any affinity to any polysaccharide within the EPS based on the microrheology results. Overall, these results suggest that the local microrheology of the biofilms is impacted by GHs and that may be one of the factors that is causing the ability of these therapeutics to enhance dispersal.


Infrared absorption spectra are reported for rare-gas–carbon dioxide van der Waals complexes in the region of the ν3 fundamental vibrational transition of CO2 using a pulsed molecular beam and a diode laser. The observed linewidths of 90 MHz (f.w.h.m.) allowed the determination of rotational constants for the ground and first excited vibrational states along with the frequencies of the band origins and centrifugal distortion constants which were constrained to be equal in both vibrational states. Effective structures of the complexes have been determined.


Peer to peer (P2P) online game systems have garnered attention recently. This paper presents an online game protocol based on the lockstep protocol and the Byzantine agreement algorithm. The former prevents dishonest actions called time-cheats in a peer to peer (P2P) network. The latter disables Byzantine cheats, with actions resembling the Byzantine fault. Using this protocol, a game can be continued if a player performs a cheat action.


The design and realization of a flexible broadband coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed patch antenna, characterized by a compact size are presented in this manuscript. The proposed antenna is dedicated for Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) as well as 5G sub-6-GHz band, particularly at the frequency of 3.5 GHz. The design of antenna is evolved from a traditional rectangular patch antenna, where stubs are used to improve antenna's bandwidth. The antenna shows good results compared to related works in the same domain. The good results of proposed work with state of the art work in terms of bandwidth, impedance matching, and radiation patterns demonstrates the potential of the proposed antenna for ISM and 5G applications


The main aims of the project were to investigate the situation with respect to mobility/migration and HIV in Europe and evaluate the current structure and functioning of AM the penetration impact and effectiveness of AM external relationships with other key players in the field; expectations within and outside of the organisation; future funding and frameworks; the feasibility of the current structure; and organisational skills needed to meet future needs. (excerpt)


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to obtain a numerical scheme for finding numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations involving ψ-Caputo derivative.

Design/methodology/approach
An operational matrix to find numerical approximation of ψ-fractional differential equations (FDEs) is derived. This study extends the method to nonlinear FDEs by using quasi linearization technique to linearize the nonlinear problems.

Findings
The error analysis of the proposed method is discussed in-depth. Accuracy and efficiency of the method are verified through numerical examples.

Research limitations/implications
The method is simple and a good mathematical tool for finding solutions of nonlinear ψ-FDEs. The operational matrix approach offers less computational complexity.

Originality/value
Engineers and applied scientists may use the present method for solving fractional models appearing in applications.


The insurgencies in Tunisia and Egypt – the Jasmine and the Tahrir Revolutions – seemed to offer great hope of the outbreak of democratic change in the Middle East and North Africa in what has come to be called the 'Arab Spring'. However, the civil war in Libya and the ongoing crises in Yemen and Syria suggest that overall regional change may prove to be more difficult to achieve. In fact there are quite specific reasons why insurgencies occurred in three North African states and not in the remaining two states and why their outcomes have been so different. The causes for the insurgency are similar – they lie in the global economic crisis and in the neo-patrimonial political natures of regional states – but the outcomes differ because two of the states concerned were liberalising autocracies and the third – Libya – had resolutely rejected any political or social domestic competitors to its hegemonic political discourse and practice. Even the liberalised autocracies face very different futures for, in Tunisia a whole system has been removed whilst in Egypt, the regime rejected its figurehead in order to preserve the regime itself. Ironically enough, the authorities in Tunisia attempted a similar course of action but were unable to impose themselves on the revolution that had occurred.