Securing the Clicks: Network Security in the Age of Social Media is the latest book by Gary Bahadur, Jason Inasi, and Alex de Carvalho. In the contemporary age, the evolution of technology and the Internet liberated the potential of communication through time and space. Social media have entered into every aspect of our lives, and our personal data have been more vulnerable than ever. With this book, the authors attempt to provide a useful tool, an important manual to help secure our data in cyber space. The secure use of social media concerns not only the directors and managers of companies and corporations but also small businesses. The book is divided in five sections, where the best strategies in secure social media are analyzed by applying best practices. Section 1 is dedicated to the social media security process, analyzing good and bad practices, assessing existing processes, and understanding the impact of social media on an organization from all aspects. In this section, the authors present their developed strategy, the H.U.M.O.R. Matrix, addressing all departments within an organization that need security. Also, the authors discuss the issue of monitoring the public, using cases to show that a dangerous public could result in serious problems. Section 2 talks about the different kinds of threats and attacks or harassments that can violate someone's private data or bank accounts. At the end of this part, the authors suggest solutions to the possible problems of hacking. Section 3, longer than the two previous parts, is dedicated social media security requirements and best practices for the most effective information security policy. The chapters in section 3 are analyzed in terms of strategy that can been followed and collaboration that is needed in human resources, data management, monetary measurements, operations, and reputation management. Section 4 continues in this mode, while analyzing the previous issues but from the angle of monitoring and reporting. The book ends in the last section with the personified strategy proposed, taking into account readers' current knowledge and experience. The hypothetical case of the company JAG underlines the information security needs and the security problems that a company may face in the real world of social media. Also, the authors attempt to "foresee" the future of social media security, social media 3.0, and the upcoming challenges, while they talk about the current state of communication. Bahadur, Inasi, and de Carvalho provide us a simple, easy-to-read book about social media security. The book is addressed to anyone who wants to learn more about the importance of sharing and notifying personal data in everyday communication, the possible dangers, and the efficient security policies


Chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are major adverse effects of chemotherapy. Ginger has been used in postoperative and pregnancy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Data on its utility in reducing CINV in children and young adults are lacking.


It is of great importance that perfecting-rate of marine equipment and controling of occasional repair cost can offer successful guarantee to occasional repair.But the facters influencing the cost are complicated,this paper gives a prediction for the annual occasional repair cost of the single vessel based on radial network with an ideal result for the detailed drawing.


In the article VB as exploitation tool was described and run interface was designed through the link to database(ACCESS) by ADO and ActiveX,and then the function of input and inquiry about data of wheat character were carried out based on VB.


The automatic generation control (AGC)system in Yangluo Power Plant has been presented,emphatically analysing the features of turbine-boiler coordinated control system,and giving the experience of debugging the AGC system. Tests show that the variation rate of load command is the main factor affecting the power deviation and the main steam pressure deviation,it is helpful for decreasing the said deviations to properly increase the compensation of dynamic feed-forward for the boiler side controller .In addition,the variation rate of load command also has comparatively large influence upon combustion efficiency of the boiler.


Werner's syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive premature aging syndrome caused by mutations in the Werner RecQ helicase. Patients typically die in their 5th decade from cardiovascular disease or cancer. There are few reports of the treatment of malignancies in these patients. We previously reported a patient with Werner's syndrome who expired from multi-organ failure after treatment of AML with intensive chemotherapy. We currently report a patient with Werner's syndrome and AML who was treated with decitabine, a low intensity regimen commonly used to treat elderly patients. This patient also developed severe toxicity, but recovered and obtained a complete remission. Unfortunately the patient's disease progressed 5 months later and he then expired Correspondence to: Karen Seiter, M.D, Department of Medicine, Room 205 Munger Pavilion, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA, Tel: (914) 493-7514, Fax: (914) 594-4420, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Autoimmune diseases are common and debilitating, but their severe manifestations could be reduced if biomarkers were available to allow individual tailoring of the potentially toxic immunosuppressive therapy required for their control. Gene expression-based biomarkers facilitating individual tailoring of chemotherapy in cancer, but not autoimmunity, have been identified and translated into clinical practice1,2. We show that transcriptional profiling of purified CD8 T cells, which avoids the confounding influences of unseparated cells3,4, identifies two distinct patient subgroups predicting long-term prognosis in two different autoimmune diseases, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) – associated vasculitis (AAV), a chronic, severe disease characterized by inflammation of medium and small blood vessels5, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), characterized by autoantibodies, immune complex deposition and diverse clinical manifestations ranging from glomerulonephritis to neurological dysfunction6. We show that genes defining the poor prognostic group are enriched for genes of the IL7R pathway, TCR signalling and those expressed by memory T cells. Furthermore, the poor prognostic group is associated with an expanded CD8 T cell memory population. These subgroups, which are also found in the normal population and can be identified by measuring expression of only three genes, raise the prospect of individualized therapy and suggest novel potential therapeutic targets in autoimmunity. Author Contributions KGCS and PAL designed the study and wrote the paper along with EFM. EFM analysed the data with help from AB, performed the experiments, and collected and analysed clinical data along with JLH, MK, DRWJ, LCW and ANC. EJC contributed to experiments performed in healthy controls along with AP and performed validation of microarray results. Singaporean data was collected and analysed by VJ, DMK and PAM along with EFM, PAL and KGCS. The three clinical syndromes that make up AAV (Wegener's granulomatosis [WG], microscopic polyangiitis [MPA] and Churg-Strauss syndrome) have diverse and overlapping clinical features, including acute glomerulonephritis and granulomatous inflammation of the respiratory tract5. Mortality at five years is as high as 30%, largely owing to complications of immunosuppression7 and underlining the need for biomarkers to guide therapy. ANCA are directed against neutrophil antigens, including proteinase-3 [PR-3] and myeloperoxidase [MPO], are likely to contribute to pathogenesis8, but have not proven clinically useful as predictive biomarkers9. To detect such biomarkers we examined the transcriptomes of purified cells from 59 patients with a diagnosis of AAV (WG or MPA5) and evidence of active disease (Supplementary Methods). All responded to treatment with high dose steroid and one of a …


Electrosurgical devices and various lasers are used to cut human meniscal tissue, and the amount of thermal damage caused by each method is measured and compared.


The method of manufacturing the semiconductor device having the recess gate is provided to improve the device characteristic and to prevent the interference caused by the passing gate by using the etching selectivity. The method of manufacturing the semiconductor device having the recess gate comprises as follows. A step is for forming the first hard mask layer on the substrate(31) in which the element isolation film(31B) is formed. A step is for forming the etch stopping layer which covers the element isolation film on the first hard mask layer. A step is for forming the second hard mask layer on the overall structure including the etch stopping layer. A step is for forming the photosensitive pattern in which the recess pattern preliminary area is opened on the second hard mask layer. A step is for etching the first and the second hard mask layer by using the photosensitive pattern and etching stop layer. A step is for forming the recess pattern by using the etched first and second hard mask layer.


Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objectives Reducing avoidable radiation exposure during medical procedures is a top priority. The purpose of this study was to quantify, for the first time, the percentage of avoidable radiation during fluoroscopically guided cardiovascular interventions using eye tracking technologies. Materials and Methods Mobile eye tracking glasses were used to measure precisely when the operators looked at a fluoroscopy screen during the interventions. A novel machine learning algorithm and image processing techniques were used to automatically analyze the data and compute the percentage of avoidable radiation. Based on this percentage, the amount of potentially avoidable radiation dose was computed. Results This study included 30 cardiovascular interventions performed by 5 different operators. A significant percentage of the administered radiation (mean [SD], 43.5% [12.6%]) was avoidable (t29 = 18.86, P < 0.00001); that is, the operators were not looking at the fluoroscopy screen while the x-ray was on. On average, this corresponded to avoidable amounts of air kerma (mean [SD], 229 [66] mGy) and dose area product (mean [SD], 32,781 [9420] mGycm2), or more than 11 minutes of avoidable x-ray usage, per procedure. Conclusions A significant amount of the administered radiation during cardiovascular interventions is in fact avoidable.


Stock selection always has been a challenging and important task. This line of research is highly contingent upon reliable stock ranking for successful portfolio construction. Thanks to recent advances in financial engineering and data mining, we can solve these problems more effectively. In this study, we use financial statement information and the ASKSR proposed by Zakamouline and Koekebakker(2009) for stock selection. Furthermore, we apply Copula-GARCH model on Monte Carlo method to generate dynamic optimal weights based on expected utility function. According to this process, we try to construct a quantitative stock selection model which can consistently beat the market. We take all the listed companies in the Taiwan stock market over the period of 1998-2012 as our sample and examine the profitability of portfolios constructed by the combination of different length of in sample and out sample data. The empirical result shows that our portfolios can earn significantly higher return than the TAIEX Total Return Index, especially those that generate optimal weights by mean-variance utility function andγ=1 CRRA utility function. Moreover, after we applied market neutral strategy, we can significantly improve the stability of our portfolios and reduce the possibility of severe losses by the impact of financial crisis. Finally, a robustness test was built to validate if this method works well all the time. We divide our investment period into three shorter periods, and it turns out this method still have great performances on each of the shorter period. As a result, this portfolio construction strategy indeed can be applied consistently and effectively in Taiwan stock market.


ABSTRACT In vocational education and training, coaching can be used to support apprentices' ability to manage their own (further) competence development 'on the job'. This is largely requested among employees at workplaces in internationally competitive sectors of the economy which require of their workforce a great deal of flexibility and learning ability. So far, little is known about coaching practices in vocational education and training. The aim of this paper is to explore how coaching is used in vocational training in a large Swiss enterprise of the communication- and IT- services sector. The for this purpose analysed case study data comprises 30 interviews with apprentices, workplace trainers, coaches, and members of VET management of the enterprise, protocols of site visits and an analysis of VET related documents. As also VET schools must train learners for the contemporary world of work and must foster their ability to increasingly manage their own (further) competence development, coaching could be an interesting approach to be used in VET schools. This is critically discussed in the second part of the paper, respecting the different conditions that apply for supporting learning at the workplace- and supporting learning in the VET school context.


The densities in the temperature range 288.15 K to 308.15 K and the viscosities in the temperature range 293.15 K to 308.15 K of the binary systems γ-butyrolactone + o-xylene and m-xylene were measured. Viscosity data were correlated by the Heric, McAllister, and Hind−McLaughlin−Ubbelohde equations. Viscosity deviations from mole fraction linearity and excess volumes were calculated and found to be negative. Excess volumes were also fitted to a Redlich−Kister type equation.


Scientific articles often start with the phrase: "The purpose of this article is to examine facts related to…" The content of this paper does not stem from an attempt to render afresh freely available, irrefutable data. Its purpose is to present a new interpretation of specific motifs present in the Indian epic tradition – based mainly on data obtained from reconstructions or facts in potentia. The following paragraphs delineate the unfolding of work undertaken long ago, started but not yet finished.


Background: Scalp acupuncture has been found to be effective at improving motor function after ischemic stroke, but few studies examining its central mechanisms of action have been carried out. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of scalp acupuncture on motor dysfunction and changes in spontaneous brain activity in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: This was an evaluator- and analyst-blinded, multi-center randomized controlled trial. A total of 108 convalescent-stage ischemic stroke patients with motor dysfunction were allocated to receive either scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation treatment (SR group) or rehabilitation treatment alone (RE group). Patients in both groups received treatment 5 times per week for 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA). Secondary outcome measures included the modified Barthel index (mBI), modified Rankin scale (mRS) and values of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) acquired using a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) technique. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in motor function, daily life ability and degree of disability, as measured by FMA, mRS and mBI (p < 0.05), and the SR group showed a significantly greater improvement (p < 0.05). Compared with the RE group, the areas where the fALFF values increased in the SR group were located in the cerebellum, praecuneus, precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus and parietal lobe. The improvement in FMA scores had the strongest correlation with the baseline fALFF values of the ipsilateral precentral gyrus. Conclusion: Scalp acupuncture improved motor function in convalescent-period ischemic stroke patients, and effects were correlated with regulation of motor-relevant brain regions. The fALFF value of the ipsilateral precentral and postcentral gyri could be potential clinical indices for prognostication of motor dysfunction. Trial registration number: NCT03120650 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).


The spectrum of one-dimensional repulsive Hamiltonian with a class of perturbations $H_p=-\frac{d^2}{dx^2}-x^2+V(x)$ in $L^p(\R)$ ($1 p$. Additionally, non-existence of related Schr\"odinger ($C_0$-)semigroup in $L^p(\R)$ is shown when $V(x)\equiv 0$.


v The objective of the present work is to re-examine and appropriately modify the geometrically exact beam theory, originally developed by Simo, and develop a nonlinear finite-element formulation to describe the static and dynamic behavior of flexible electrical equipment cables. The work is motivated by the need to better understand and predict the highly nonlinear response of flexible electrical conductors to earthquake excitations. Dynamic interaction between flexible cables and interconnected substation equipment is in fact believed to explain some of the severe damage sustained by such equipment in recent earthquakes. In the first part of this report, the nonlinear equations of motion of a beam undergoing large displacements and rotations are derived from the 3D theory of continuum mechanics by use of the virtual power equation. A linear viscoelastic constitutive equation and an additional mass proportional damping mechanism are used to account for energy dissipation. The weak form of the equations of motion is linearized and discretized, in time and space, leading to the definition of a tangent operator and a system of equations solvable by means of an iterative scheme of the Newton type. Particular attention is focused on issues related to how large rotations are handled and how the configuration update process is performed. Numerical examples are presented, and energy balance calculations demonstrate the accuracy of the computed solutions. The beam model developed is then applied to describe the static and dynamic behavior of an electrical conductor tested at the Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory (SEESL) at the University at Buffalo. Preliminary results of the simulation of free and forced vibration tests are presented. In the second part of the report, an approach is presented for the dynamic analysis of tensegrity structures, a subclass of pin-jointed structures in which the cables can be considered as tensiononly members. Such analyses are characterized by cables in the structure switching between taut and slack states. The approach is based on casting the computation in each time increment as a complementarity problem. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the approach. Despite the non-smooth nature of cables switching between taut and slack states, the computed solutions exhibit remarkable long-term energy balance. Furthermore, by exploiting some features of the tensegrity model, significant computational efficiency can be gained in the solution of the complementarity problem in each time increment.


We provide an informal response to James P. Lloyd's recent arXiv preprint (arXiv:1306.6627v1) "The Mass Distribution of Subgiant Planet Hosts", accepted for publication by Astrophysical Journal Letters.


This article describes the "Dialogues with Africa" project of the Barcelona Museum of World Cultures, which consisted of workshops using personal objects of African guests residing in Catalonia, and objects from the museum's African collections. The dialogues revealed the existence of both a migrant memory connected with objects chosen for their capacity to evoke origins and a museum memory linked with artifacts that were chosen as representing distant cultures. The main aim is to describe this migrant memory in relation to the objects and analyze how it connects with the museum's institutional memory in order to contribute to the discussion of the role of ethnographic museums in a plural society. We suggest that incorporating migrant memory will make possible an opening up to new meanings for objects that have been turned into heritage from an exoticizing standpoint, and that this is in keeping with a more inclusive anthropological museology. [her-itage, Africa, memory, migration, museums]


A simple pathway for the fabrication of real moth eye-like patterned (MEP) polymer film with a double layered nano/micro hierarchical structure is demonstrated through a solid/liquid interfacial reaction at atmospheric conditions. A convex-structured polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film including CdCl2 was first fabricated using a self-organized honeycomb-patterned porous film as a template. The CdCl2/PVA convex film was immersed into Na2S/ethanol solution to facilitate the reaction between CdCl2 and Na2S at the solid/liquid interface, led to the functionalization of CdS nanoparticles to the convex structured PVA film. The tunable introduction of interfacial reaction resulted in the formation of CdS moth eye-like nanoarray on the top-surface of PVA convex microarray, which mimicked the real moth eye (PVA-CdS MEP). PVA-CdS MEP film with a double moth eye-like structure showed the improved antireflective property in comparison with flat and convex structured PVA films. The PVA-CdS MEP film showed the photo-response under simulated solar light radiation and flexible duration after 500 cycles of folding.


The optimization of preventive maintenance (PM) strategies for repairable items sold with warranty contracts has received much attention in the literature. However, the existing research implicitly assumes that maintenance actions within the warranty period are punctual. In practice, it is not uncommon that the actual maintenance instants deviate from the scheduled instants. In this paper, an unpunctual imperfect PM strategy, which allows customers to advance or postpone the scheduled PM actions in a tolerable range, is proposed for repairable items sold with a two-dimensional warranty. The objective of this work is to determine the optimal unpunctual PM strategies under the given warranty period so as to minimize the manufacturers total expected warranty servicing cost. It is shown that the unpunctual PM strategy contains its punctual counterpart as a special case and tends to result in slightly higher warranty servicing cost.


The usage of online analytical processing is now widespread, having emerged primarily in areas of business information systems using relational databases. However, the XML tree-based model is quite different from the relational model in mainstream OLAP. In terms of conceptual modelling, this provides new challenges, for example with operations such as cube and roll-up. However, our view is that it should be possible to exploit the more expressive XML model to deliver efficiencies not possible in more traditional OLAP systems. To be precise, XML data contains inherent structure and semantics not available in relational data. In this paper, we analyse the distinct characteristics and requirements of a more structured OLAP to make comprehensive comparisons between structural and flat dimensions. In order to build our conceptual model, we examined different XML cube construction models for commonly used XML recursive structures. This construction process requires only a single scan of input data and captures structural information on the fly, delivering both standard and structural OLAP support simultaneously.


The research is purposed to knowing (1) The accessibility of farmer to live well at vegetable farmer group in senden selo boyolali; (2) the obstacle factors of the accessibility about right to live well at vegetable farmer group in Senden Selo Boyolali; (3) the solutions to increase the accessibility of farmer about right to live well at vegetable farmer group in Senden Selo Boyolali. The research isqualitative research. The researchlocations is in Senden village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. The method of data collections are interview, observation, and document analysis. Data validity that used is interactive analysis,it covers data collection, data reduction, dish of data, make conclusion or verification. From the result of research, concluded that : (1) The accessibility of farmer to live well at vegetable farmer group in senden selo boyolali is still has obstacles; (2) the obstacle factors of the accessibility are human resources, tradition, and farmer group liveliness; (3) the solutions to increase the accessibility are through helps like agriculture tools and agriculture illumination, control to money outcome for perform tradition that need attention, need guidance from agriculture department even government equally for farmer groups. Keywords: Accessibility, Farmers, Live Well


A joint research program involving the United States and the United Kingdom was instigated about four years ago for the purpose of studying burnup of higher actinides using in-core irradiation in the fast reactor at Dounreay, Scotland. Simultaneously, determination of cross sections of a wide variety of higher actinide isotopes was proposed. Coincidental neutron flux and energy spectral measurements were to be made using vanadium encapsulated dosimetry materials in the immediate region of the burnup and cross section samples. The higher actinide samples chosen for the burnup study were /sup 241/Am and /sup 244/Cm in the forms of Am/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Cm/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and Am/sub 6/ Cm(RE)/sub 7/O/sub 21/, where (RE) represents a mixture of lanthanide sesquioxides. It is the purpose of this paper to describe technology development and its application in the preparation of the fuel specimens and the cross section specimens that are being used in this cooperative program.


Heterostructural nanocrystals (HNCs) have drawn enormous attention because of the combined and synergistic properties inherited from their individual components and interactions. Here we design a three-component CdS–Au2S–Au Janus-satellite HNC to study the pressure process of HNC superlattices (HNC-SLs). In situ small/wide-angle X-ray scattering shows that the HNC-SLs can undergo structural transformations at both atomic and meso scales. At the same time, CdS–Au2S–Au Janus-satellite HNCs can morphologically transform into CdS–Au2S–Au heterotrimer HNCs through intraparticle migration and coalescence of Au satellites. Our results demonstrate that pressure can be employed as a clean and efficient way to fabricate complex heterostructural nanomaterials suitable for potential applications in photocatalysis and theranostics.


This paper proposes some variants of stability criteria for interconnected nonlinear systems which are not necessarily input-to-state stable. State-dependent weights introduced at disturbance ports remove disturbance separability assumptions made in previously known stability criteria for cascade systems. This paper put forward a unique idea of incorporating coupled weights into the formulation in order to deal with feedback interconnection of systems. The modifications require some uniformity in a feedback variable. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that the coupled cascade formulation is sometimes far more effective than the integral input-to-state stable small-gain theorem which directly deal with feedback configurations.


The modern intellectuals revered a book as saint things. Because they took books as a tool of enlightment and as a step to strengthen a nation in early modern times. So a book was not only reading materials. Rather than, it was a key to answer the question what they were.. Especially, After the literature was separated from the region of knowledge and science, at the same time, it was recognized as the region of aesthetic autonomy, the book was laid as a metaphoric icon of sprit and mentality. Modern poets bore book in their heart symbolically as like the Celt's Holy Grail. They vested the book with the scearedness and thought the book was the very world. Park Younghee connected the motive 'moon' and 'the beautiful girl', at which he granted the girl the holiness. The girl was the very book. And Leem Hwa regarded the book as the mental sanctum of the socialism movement in 1930's. In addition to it, Kim Kirim made out it as the motif of 'sea' and the maternity world in the late 1930's. 1950's poets were ardent admirers as like the poets in the Japanese occupation. So was Park Inwhan. He wrote the poem 'a book and a landscape'. In the poen, he described the intellectuals' inside with which connected 'the Korean War'. And it was shown a book consoled human on a war's gash. Just some books only bore the beautiful world and they delivered such world to human. It meant 1950's intellectuals strongly tried to separted 'the book world' from 'a real world'. By doing it, they could forget the war's pain.


The effect of toroidal rotation on the ideal magnetohydrodynamic stability of the internal kink, or quasi-interchange, mode in tokamak plasmas with the safety factor, q, close to unity within a wide region in the plasma core is analysed. For equilibria with a large aspect ratio and circular cross section it is shown that rigid, toroidal rotation stabilizes the quasi-interchange mode if the rotation frequency, Ω, exceeds a critical frequency, Ωcrit, and a simple expression for Ωcrit is derived. Unless the plasma pressure and the radial extent of the low-shear region are both rather large, rotation frequencies of the order of a few per cent of the Alfvén frequency are found to be sufficient to stabilize the quasi-interchange mode. The stabilization is caused by the nonuniform plasma density and the associated Brunt–Väisälä (BV) frequency created by the centrifugal force. When Ω exceeds Ωcrit, the quasi-interchange instability transforms into a stable oscillation with a frequency close to the lowest BV-frequency in the low-shear region of the plasma.


ABSTRACTThis study investigated two types of Nida's (1964) formal and dynamic equivalence used by Iranian translators in translating English imperatives. A total of 203 English imperatives were classified in an English movie script, ChinaTown, along with their Persian equivalents according to main features of formal and dynamic equivalence. Then frequencies, percentages, and chi-square of both formally and dynamically translated imperatives were calculated. The analysis revealed that the translators did not make use of the formal equivalence and dynamic (functional) equivalence equally. In comparison to 22.53 % dynamic (functional) equivalence, Akbari and Jeddi-Niya (2000) translated 77.47 % English imperatives formally into Persian. Ohadi (2001), on the other hand, rendered 25.77 % English imperatives into Persian dynamically and 74.23 % of them formally. All in all, Iranian translators seem to follow formalism more than dynamism to create a message in target or receptor language which matches as closely as possible to the message in source language.KEY WORDS: translation, formal equivalence, dynamic equivalence, imperatives, movie script.1. IntroductionThis chapter first touch upon the importance of translation, then, relationship between translation and movies is presented in the second section. Third, there is an overview of the novel field of audiovisual translation. In the fourth and fifth sections formal equivalence translation and dynamic (functional) equivalence translation, which are introduced by Nida(1964), are reviewed as the theoretical framework of this study.In the sixth section there is an overview of imperatives in both English and Persian as the linguistic element on which this study has focused. The statement of the problem, then, is presented in the seventh section. Finally, objectives of the study, research questions, and significance of the study are respectively presented in detail to end the chapter.1.1 Importance of TranslationTranslation unquestionably plays a vital role in today's world and its role is expanding with the fact of globalization, which means "contemporary processes of information distribution via processes of translation..."(House, 2009, p. 79). The process of globalization has affected not only the economical and political situations but it has had an impact on the worldwide role of translation (House, 2009). ".. .Globalization has led to an explosion of demand for translation. So,we can say that translation is not simply a by-product of globalization, it is an integral part of it, and without it the global capitalist consumer-oriented economy would not have been possible" (House, 2009, p. 80-81). The place of expanding field of translation in any culture becomes more and more important and its huge effect can be seen on everyday life. Translation can be seen in both a simple daily conversation between individuals in an ordinary day and extremely complicated channels of communication. Scanning a label on an imported drink coffee, using a computer with localized operating system, reading the manual of a machine in order to learn how that tool operates, skimming up-to-date news websites, or watching subtitled movies all are daily-life situations where translation can be seen or felt and it can impose either a positive impact or a negative one (House, 2009). Translation, indeed, supports cultural interactions since it makes it possible that individuals of different cultures communicate in order to obtain mutual understanding. Translation even enables individuals not only to access the foreign cultures but also to spread that foreign culture to the others. This interdisciplinary science bridges the gap between various languages, literatures, societies, and cultures and it improves the individuals' understanding of several issues (House, 2009). The importance of translation can be regarded economically, too, due to the fact that translation may facilitate the economic interactions for the multilingual consumers of different nations. …


In this paper, the nonlinear response characteristics of a single degree of freedom lumped mass model with a new support looseness fault are analyzed. In this model, a new nonlinear contact stiffness model between the support and foundation is considered, which considers the elastic–plastic deformation of the contact parts. The nonlinear response of the system is obtained by numerical integration methods. The nonlinear results are compared with an asymmetric model and a piece-wise contact model. By comparing three different looseness fault models, the mechanism of generating multi-frequencies and fractional frequencies is analyzed. The result shows that plastic deformation makes the displacement amplitude increase rapidly; odd harmonics appear in symmetric stiffness model due to the modulation of symmetric shock forces; however, harmonic response appears in asymmetric stiffness model; when the contact number is odd, the frequency components contain odd or even order fractional frequencies at supercritical speeds due to the incompatibility of contacts on the upper and lower surfaces; when the contact number is even, multiple frequency components appear at subcritical frequencies.


We revisit the scenario where inflation is preceded by a radiation era by considering that the inflaton too could have been in thermal equilibrium early in the radiation era. Hence we take into account not only the effect of a pre-inflationary era on the inflaton mode functions but also that of a frozen thermal distribution of inflaton quanta. We initially discuss in detail the issues relevant to our scenario of a pre-inflationary radiation dominated era and then obtain the scalar power spectrum for this scenario. We find that the power spectrum is free from infrared divergences. We then use the WMAP and Planck data to determine the constraints on the inflaton comoving 'temperature' and on the duration of inflation. We find that the best fit value of the duration of inflation is less than 1 e-folding more than what is required to solve cosmological problems, while only an upper bound on the inflaton temperature can be obtained.


The complex shade mineral particles simulation had become an important bottleneck of separation theory research.A random fractal-based simulation algorithm for mineral particles is put forward and implemented by VC and OpenGL programming.The algorithm had been used in virtual experiment system of coal particles vibration screening process,and the results show that the algorithm can simulate actual particles factually.The realistic and accuracy of virtual simulation system are increased by the algorithm which also has a high efficiency.


Heterogeneous social networks, which are characterized by diverse interaction types, have resulted in new challenges for missing link prediction. Most deep learning models tend to capture type-specific features to maximize the prediction performances on specific link types. However, the types of missing links are uncertain in heterogeneous social networks; this restricts the prediction performances of existing deep learning models. To address this issue, we propose a multi-type transferable method (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$MTTM$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq1-3233481.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>) for missing link prediction in heterogeneous social networks, which exploits adversarial neural networks to remain robust against type differences. It comprises a generative predictor and a discriminative classifier. The generative predictor can extract link representations and predict whether the unobserved link is a missing link. To generalize well for different link types to improve the prediction performance, it attempts to deceive the discriminative classifier by learning transferable feature representations among link types. In order not to be deceived, the discriminative classifier attempts to accurately distinguish link types, which indirectly helps the generative predictor judge whether the learned feature representations are transferable among link types. Finally, the integrated <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$MTTM$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq2-3233481.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is constructed on this minimax two-player game between the generative predictor and discriminative classifier to predict missing links based on transferable feature representations among link types. Extensive experiments show that the proposed <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$MTTM$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq3-3233481.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> can outperform state-of-the-art baselines for missing link prediction in heterogeneous social networks.


PAPI is a system for providing access control to restricted information resources across the Internet. The authentication mechanisms are designed to be as flexible as possible, allowing each organization to use its own authentication schema, keeping user privacy, and offering information providers data enough for statistics. Access control mechanisms are transparent to the user and compatible with the most commonly employed Web browsers and any operating system. Since PAPI uses standard HTTP procedures, PAPI authentication and access control does not require any specific hardware or software, thus providing users with ubiquitous access to any resource they have right to.


In this paper we investigate coded apertures as a function of mask damage, cross talk (on the focal plane arrays), and combinations of the two. We apply a Monte Carlo simulation to extract the probability of the scene reconstruction vs SNR as a performance metric. In addition we calculate the mean time between failures of the system as function damage to the mask.


With the rapid development of automotive industry, automobile control evolves from traditional analog mechanical methods to vast electronic ones. Automobiles rely on electronic systems to provide safety, comfort, and entertainment functions. Therefore, more and more diversified automotive electronic controls are needed. Automobiles, as manned vehicles, their security got more attentions. Precise electronic control and rapid response are very important. The stability is the first priority for automotive embedded systems since they need to work in harsh environments. In this paper, we have more emphases on the embedded software system of vehicles. We investigate the standard specifics of the OSEK/VDX of the car real time operation system. We also have some investigations on its software architectures and mechanisms for developing the control software for ECU in the future.


The invention discloses a telephone-fraud-resistant system based on voice recognition and a method for the telephone-fraud-resistant system based on the voice recognition. The system comprises a starting switch, a main control module, a voice obtaining module, a storage module, a remote communication module, a telephone fraud keyword bank and a prompting module. The main control module is used for conducting voice characteristic extraction, keyword identification, fraud keyword comparison and result judgment; the remote communication module is used for updating the telephone fraud keyword bank from a long distance and receiving and sending data when the data need to be uploaded in real time; the telephone fraud keyword bank is composed of a plurality of keywords extracted from normal telephone fraud cases. The system is internally placed in a fixed-line telephone or a mobile phone and can help a user to identify endless television frauds; when a telephone device cannot accomplish identification in time due to cost or the computing power of the telephone device or the like, the system can remotely identify telephone fraud keywords through a backstage service on the premise that communication content of the user is not leaked.


References: [1] Barvinok, A., Integer Points in Polyhedra. Zurich Lectures in Advanced Mathematics. Zürich (2008), European Mathematical Society · Zbl 1154.52009 [2] Beck, M.; Robins, S., Computing the Continuous Discretely. Integer-Point Enumeration in Polyhedra (2015), New York: Springer, New York · Zbl 1339.52002 [3] Diaz, R.; Robins, S., Pick's formula via the Weierstrass \(####\)-function, Amer. Math. Monthly, 5, 431-437 (1995) · Zbl 0834.52008 [4] Diaz, R.; Robins, S., The Ehrhart polynomial of a lattice polytope, Ann. of Math, 145, 2, 3): 503-518 (1997) · Zbl 0874.52009 [5] Funkenbusch, W. W., From Euler's formula to Pick's formula using an edge theorem, Amer. Math. Monthly, 81, 6, 647-648 (1974) · Zbl 0282.05007 · doi:10.1080/00029890.1974.11993639 [6] Gerber, A.; Pak, I., Concrete polytopes may not tile the space (2020) · Zbl 1445.52017 [7] Graham, R. L.; Knuth, D. E.; Patashnik, O., Upper, Concrete Mathematics (1994), Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley, Saddle River, NJ [8] Gravin, N.; Robins, S.; Shiryaev, D., Translational tilings by a polytope, with multiplicity, Combinatorica, 32, 6, 629-649 (2012) · Zbl 1299.52019 · doi:10.1007/s00493-012-2860-3 [9] Kolountzakis, M. N.; Brandolini, L.; Colzani, L.; Iosevich, A.; Travaglini, G., Fourier Analysis and Convexity, The study of translation tilings with Fourier analysis, 131-187 (2004), Boston, MA: Birkhäuser, Boston, MA [10] Murty, M. R.; Thain, N., Pick's theorem via Minkowski's theorem, Amer. Math. Monthly, 114, 8, 732-736 (2007) · Zbl 1141.52008 [11] Nikol'skiĭ, S. M., Approximation of Functions of Several Variables and Imbedding Theorems (1975), trans.) New YorkHeidelberg: Springer-Verlag, trans.) New York-Heidelberg [12] Steinhaus, H., Mathematical Snapshots (1983), New York, NY: Oxford Univ. Press, New York, NY [13] Stein, E.; Weiss, G., Introduction to Fourier Analysis on Euclidean Spaces (1971), Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ · Zbl 0232.42007 This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. It attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming the completeness or perfect precision of the matching.


In this paper a high step-up AC-DC converter is proposed, for regenerating photovoltaic (PV) cells that have been degraded due to the Potential Induced Degradation (PID) phenomenon. A description of the PID is presented and the fundamental technique to counteract the phenomenon is explained. A practical, easy and safe solution is suggested, using a power converter, with multiple output voltage stages for universal use in photovoltaic (PV) parks of different scale. Moreover, with the proposed plug & play solution the PID effect can be artificially created, to study the degradation effect under controlled conditions. Experimental tests with maximum output voltage of 1kV were conducted to verify the proof-of-concept, both in creating as well as reverting the PID phenomenon.


There is a paucity of research on how trunk posture affects recovery during a race or practice immediately between cycling sprints, although there is speculation that posture may influence recovery. This study included 13 competitive male cyclists, with an average of nearly 10 competitions in the past year. Participants completed two 30-s maximal effort sprints on a cycle ergometer followed by two 4-min active recovery intervals at 75 W and the same cadence for each session. Participants assumed one of two trunk posture conditions during the recovery intervals on two separate days. They were randomly assigned to either a flexed thoracic spine position greater than 14° (FC) or a neutral thoracic spine position (NC) on the first testing day and completed the other no less than 48 hours later. Recorded variables included heart rate recovery (HRR), tidal volume (V T ), carbon dioxide output (VCO 2 ), change in sprint mean power (ΔMP), and change in sprint fatigue index (ΔFI). There were no significant differences between conditions in any of the variables (p>0.05). Results of FC versus NC for each variable were: HRR 23.5±0.4 vs. 21.3±5.0 bpm; V T 3.00±0.51 vs. 3.19±0.54 L; VCO 2 3.28±0.25 vs. 3.26±3.60 L/min; ΔMP -29.7±17.0 vs. -28.8±19.0 W; ΔFI 0.59±0.25 vs. 0.43±1.90 W/s. Using the Cohen's d statistic, there was a small effect of thoracic spine position during recovery on HRR (d=0.33), V T (d=0.34), and ΔFI (d=0.45) from one sprint to another. However, there was no effect of thoracic position on VCO 2 (d=0.062) or the ΔMP (d=0.051) from sprint to sprint and recovery intervals. There may be little to no benefit to recovery in assuming a more flexed thoracic position between cycling sprints.


The present invention provides a semiconductor light emitting device, comprising: a support body disposed on the conductive surface of the support member and having a metallic silver-containing metal, and a light emitting element mounted on a support member, the metal member and the light emitting element is turned of filament, an insulating member covering at least a portion of the support and on the reflected light of the light reflective resin, and the surface of the metal member from the light emitting element. An insulating member is arranged to contact the side surface of the light emitting element. This can suppress light leaking from the light emitting element from the support, the light emitting device can be obtained with high light extraction efficiency.


Objective: This study is aimed to determine the characteristics of the violence that dentists, who work at oral and dental health diagnosis and treatment centers, are exposed to and witness. The study also investigates the process that occurs after the incident.Materials and Method: A survey was conducted between July 1st and December 31st of 2014 among dentists who work at dental healthcare centers and faculties of dentistry in Istanbul. The survey consists of 3 sections. The sections are structured as followed: Section I, demographical information; Section II, the reasons and possible precautions; Section III, characteristics of the violence.Results: 48.5% (n=32) of the participants claimed that they were exposed to some kind of violence at least once in their professional lives. 65.6% (n=21) of them were exposed to a violent act in the past year. 71.9% (n=23) of these exposures were only verbal and 18.7% (n=6) included both verbal and physical violence. 95.5% (n=63) of the participants stated that there was a general increase in violent acts in society and 69.7% (n=46) stated that violent incidents increased in the work place. The study also showed that 86.4% (n=57) of the participants thought that the violence could have been prevented. Conclusion: Even though this study reflects the opinions of a small group, it shows that dentists are affected by the violence in the healthcare field.Keywords: Physical violence; Verbal violence; Violence


This paper investigates the motivations for, and effects of, intra-community land redistributions by Russian peasants in the 19th century. Scholars such as Alexander Gerschenkron have emphasized that such repartitions of arable land create negative investment and innovation incentives and played a major role in hampering rural development in the period after serfdom. Utilizing data from household surveys and qualitative information from archival and administrative sources, this paper first studies why peasants repartitioned their land and whether the occurrence of redistributions can be credited to a number of different theoretical and historical motivations. The qualitative evidence suggests that perceived imbalances between household labor, land resources, and outstanding state and seigniorial obligations sparked repartitions, and such imbalances were especially apparent in the wake of tax censuses and the land settlements that accompanied the end of serfdom. Econometric results an analysis of land redistributions in Moscow province finds some support for these factors. This study also finds that serfdom was powerfully interlinked with the practice of repartition. This paper then turns to the impact of repartitions on agricultural productivity. Results from an analysis of Moscow data provide no support for the claim that redistributions adversely affected yields, suggesting that such communal land practices provided similar incentives as private property. "Perhaps Russia is the most instructive of all countries for the student of land problems."1


We report the effect of substitution, position of the substituent, and the symmetry on the nonlinear optical properties of p-nitroanline (PNA) and its derivatives using our implementation of the noniterative approximation of couple-perturbed Kohn-Sham (CPKS) equation in the deMon2k. Dipole moment, static polarizability, and first hyperpolarizability of these pi-conjugated donor-acceptor organic derivatives of PNA and its methyl-substituted analogs are calculated using our method at different exchange correlation functionals, namely, BP86, BPW91, and BLYP, using 6-31++G** basis set. A comparison of results obtained by our method with those obtained by MP2 (finite-field perturbation) method is presented in this paper. The effect of optical gap on charge transfer and subsequently on polarizabilities has been illustrated.


NEW FLUIDS ARE PRESENTED FOR METALWORKING water-soluble COMPRISING polyaspartic acid and salts thereof useful as lubricants in a process for cutting, bending, grinding and SHAPING both ferrous and non-ferrous. THE polyaspartic acid and salts thereof are particularly advantageous in that fluids can be disposed of easily after use without special treatment since the acid polyaspartic and salts thereof ARE REALLY biodegradable.


This review focuses on the growing popularity of using counter-current chromatography (CCC), with its liquid stationary phase, as one of the prime methods for isolating compounds from Chinese herbal r n t.cn


The oxygen-enriched air is highly demanded for various industrial applications such as medical, chemical and enhanced combustion processes. The conventional oxygen/nitrogen production is either cryogenic distillation or pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Both of these techniques possess the production capability of 20 to 300 tonnes of oxygen per day and oxygen purity of more than 95%. However, these techniques are energy intensive. Alternatively, membrane technology is an emerging technology in gas separation as it requires low energy consumption and relatively moderate production volume, if compared to the conventional gas production techniques. These advantages have spurred much interest from industries and academics to speed up the commercial viability of the O2/N2 separation via membrane technology. In this review, the conventional and membrane technologies in O2/N2 separation, as well as recent development of membrane fabrication techniques and materials are reviewed. The latest membrane performance in O2/N2 separation is also tabulated and discussed.


Ia m o f t e n i n t r o d u c e d t o c o l l e a g u e s i n o t h e r d i s c i p l i n e s a s a " l e g a l g e o g r a p h e r , " a d e s c r i p t i o n u s u a l l y f o l l o w e d b y t h e q u e s t i o n , " I s e e , b u t w h a t d o e s t h a t r e a l l y mean?" When the editors of Historical Geography invited me to compile this special issue, I saw it as an opportunity to answer that question. The articles address a diverse and seemingly eclectic array of topics, including privacy, citizenship and property, and geographic analyses of the legal system itself. In what ways are all of these legal geography? Each work in this special issue addresses how the law, through both discursive strategies and direct intervention, creates places, establishes boundaries, and decides who belongs in these places and who may cross these boundaries. In turn, they show how the law and the legal system operate within particular geographical and historical contexts that constrain and direct the practices of jurists and other legal actors. Aside from the significant exception of work on environmental regula tion, the seven articles in this issue represent the range of research that now constitutes "legal geography." The first four articles, by Michael Curry, David Delaney, Joseph Nevins, and Kunal Parker, focus on questions of place, attachment, and belonging, and how these concepts are negotiated in legal settings. The next two articles, by Nicholas Blomley and Vera Chouinard, represent studies in the tradition of critical-social geography and focus their respective attention on the importance of violence in the establishment of property rights and the role of legal clinics in resisting legal oppression. Blomley's discussion of property is especially intriguing because it bridges a number of different approaches represented in this collection. The final work in the issue, by Stanley Brunn, Fred Shelley, Gerald Webster, and Wael Ahmed, suggests how the geographic origin of landmark cases may reveal important variations in regional legal cultures. Attention to place and context, so evident in the first five articles, best defines the most recent work in legal geography, and is characterized


For the first time, files relating to the 200 000 euthanasia crimes of the Nazi regime from 1939 to 1944 are available online in a central databank.

The German Federal Archive in Berlin has gathered information from almost 300 archives in Germany, Austria, Poland, and the former Czechoslovakia.

The research project was partly financed by the German Medical Association. Speaking at the press launch in Berlin, the association's honorary president, Karsten Vilmar, once …


Objective To investigate the interaction and clinical significance of blood endothelin(ET),calei tonm gene-related peptide(CGRP),atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods Blood ET,CGRP,ANP and serum Na,Ca of 46 cases of HIE and 26 normal newborns were measured by radioimmunoassay and ion exchange technique.Results In HIE group,blood ET,CGRP,ANP were obviously higher in acute period than those in convalescence and control group(all P(0.001)).And the levels of ET,CGRP,ANP were related to the state of the illness.In the convalescence,the level of blood ET,CGRP,ANP descended gradually,especially the moderate and severe group descended slowly.The levels of serum Na were obviously lower in the moderate and severe group compared with that in control group((P0.05));The level of serum Ca in different group was lower compared with that in control group.Blood ET,CGRP,ANP were positively connected in HIE group before and after therapy.In acute period,there was no obvious relation between blood ET and serum Ca blood ANP and serum Na(all P0.05).Conclusions Blood ET,CGRP,ANP are concerned with pathogenesis and pathologic process,their variety help to judge the state of the illness,evaluate curative effect and prognosis.


According to the disclosed embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an abstraction for storage class memory, on which the program (e.g., operating system) hides the implementation details of the storage class memory, and provides a standard programming interface channel to perform a specific action, such as controlling movement of data between main memory and the storage class memory. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a facility is called Extended Asynchronous Data Mover (the EADM) facility, which allows the program to block transfer of data between main memory and the storage class memory request and request additional operations .


Taking Jiangsu coastal area as an example,we select four general categories,eight impact factors and twenty three indicators to establish an integrated evaluation system of marine industry site condition through combination of quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis. With the aid of the GIS spatial analysis,we evaluate different site condition of the counties' resource-dependent marine industry,such as marine fishery,sea salt industry,marine chemical industry,marine bio-medicine industry,marine transportation and coastal tourism. According to the site conditions of each marine industry,we put forward the optimization direction of the marine industry spatial distribution in Jiangsu province.


The proximate composition, dietary fiber, element and amino acid contents, as well as some physicochemical properties of the two red seaweeds (Gracilaria fisheri and G. tenuistipitata) collected from the Pattani Bay in Southern Thailand in the rainy and summer seasons of 2006 were determined in order to evaluate their potential nutritional value. The protein content of G. tenuistipitata (21.6% DW) was significantly higher than that of G. fisheri (11.6% DW) (P<0.05). The two seaweed species contained lipid (1.7–3.6% DW), ash (7.9–22.9% DW), total dietary fiber (TDF) (57.5–64.0% DW), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) (15.6–18.8%DW) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) (38.9–45.2% DW). G. tenuistipitata collected in the rainy season had higher level of lipid (P<0.05) whereas the level of ash was higher in the summer. In contrast, G. fisheri had higher levels of lipid, ash and TDF (P<0.05) when collected in rainy season. There was no significant differences in SDF, ISF and TDF between the two seaweeds. The result indicated that the two species contained high levels of K and Cl. The essential amino acids with the highest content in the two species were arginine, leucine and threonine. The swelling capacity (SWC), water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC) ranged from 5.2 to 12.5 ml/g DW, 5.5 to 10.1 g/g DW and 1.8 to 2.3 g oil/g DW, respectively, with the SWC, WHC and OHC of G. tenuistipitata being higher than those of G. fisheri. This study suggested that both Gracilaria species could potentially be used as raw material or ingredients to improve nutritive value and functional properties in human diet and animal feed.


There are two classical methods of deriv ing digital information from an analogue source. The more common method con sists of a number of constant current generators common resistor as load. The is generated the resistor is the analogue the more are switched into opera but if the than the some of the generators are removed from the When the input is equal in amplitude to the the of generators in is a digital measure of the , analogue analogue-to-digital in to gate opened for the time taken for the sawtooth or ramp to reach this and the number of pulses through this gate from accurate pulse generator or clock during this time are counted, thus providing a digital quantity proportional to the original analogue voltage. If the slope of the ramp and the clock rate are correctly chosen, the constant of proportionality will be one and the digital output will equal the analogue input.


The radiologial diagnosis of early carcinoma of the large bowel resolves itself into the following six points.1. Detailed analysis of macroscopical characteristics is of no use for the radiological differential diagnosis of polypoid lesions of the large bowel.2. It is the most important procedure first to distinguish whether a polypoid lesion is pedunculated or sessile, and, then, whether it has central depression or not, when the lesion is sessile.3. It is impossible to decide radiologically whether a pedunculated lesion is benign or early carcinoma. There is no advanced carcinoma in pedunculated lesions.4. A sessile lesion within 1.0 cm in the largest diameter and without central depression is most probably diagnosed as early carcinoma.5. A sessile lesion with central depression should be diagnosed as advanced carcinoma, Borrmann Type II, rather than eatly carcinoma, Type IIa+IIc, regardless of its size. There is no benignancy in the lesions with central depression.6. It is very difficult to decide invasion depth of carcinoma by the extent of depressed sign (deformity) of the bowel wall, although early carcinoma reveals generally a slight sign of it.


Along with the great change of contemporary social material life, as a kind of social ideology, religion has also being adjusted and reformed by itself constantly in order to ensure its existence and development. Contemporary religion not only tries to explain the meaning of the world, the life and the value, but also pays more attention to secular world and the development of social politics and economics , so the tendency of unreligious come into being.Facing the challenge of unreligious tendency, Chinese religion tries hard to absorb the achievement in science to improve its ability in solving the problem, and to strengthen external culture communion and give prominence to the character of Chinese culture.


We Were Here by Matt de la Pena 15.2 MB Free download We Were Here book PDF, FB2, EPUB and MOBI. Read online We Were Here which classified as Other that has 368 pages that contain constructive material with lovely reading experience. Reading online We Were Here book will be provide using wonderful book reader and it's might gives you some access to identifying the book content before you download the book.


We appreciate the concerns raised by Carpentieri et al. Unfortunately, there is no reliable method currently available for determining the body's zinc status in routine clinical practice. Although erythrocyte and leukocyte zinc determination may be more reliable than plasma levels, it has been noted that erythrocyte zinc content rises progressively during the first 12 years of life and this may limit its applicability in children.1 Moreover, to our knowledge, there is no published study of leukocyte or erythrocyte zinc levels in premature infants of different gestational and postnatal ages.


Summary form only given. Although, today, perpendicular magnetic recording receives substantial attention in the data storage industry, still conventional longitudinal readers (LR) are commonly used in perpendicular recording. Such a system cannot offer the optimal resolution because the LR is designed so that it is dominantly sensitive to the longitudinally written magnetization transitions. In this paper, the conformal mapping (CM) technique is used to develop a theory, which defines the guidelines on how to design an optimal perpendicular reader (PR), which is best suited for perpendicular recording. Schwartz-Christoffel transformation was used to find the requirements for optimal PR designs for providing the playback waveforms identical to the waveforms. provided by an equivalent LR in longitudinal recording. To support the theoretical conclusions, 3D boundary element modeling was developed to calculate the sensitivity field profiles for the yoke type PR and the conventional LR.


In this paper we want to present a work- in-progress research about video self production on the Internet that is part of a broader research project which explores the ways current media practices convey a 'playful' relationship with digital technologies in popular culture. The increasing relevance of video on the Internet as a cultural phenomenon can be traced through a set of related practices around viewing, searching, producing, mixing, sharing and distributing short video productions – generally of low technical qualitythrough web sites of enormous popularity like YouTube, Revver or Blip TV. These practices allow us to understand media consumption from a transformative point of view that, allegedly, breaks down the division between production and consumption of cultural products redefining the role of the audience. Through these pages we will try to demo nstrate that in many of these self productions, play has a crucial role in shaping the relationship between its producers, their audiovisual products and their expected audiences. In order to empirically explore different kinds of playful appropriations in self producing practices we have chosen to centre our analysis to a limited set of videos uploaded to YouTube, and specifically, we will examine in depth two productions related to a single object of representatio n, Madrid's subway, as a comparative case study. Through a detailed study of these videos, their context of production and


Guest-editor Luigi Prestinenza Puglisi closes the issue with a positive reflection on the impact of theoretical meltdown. He recognises in the featured architects in this volume a 'shared attitude, notwithstanding diversity' that represents a liberation from the last decade's over-concern with form and super-creativity and a rediscovery of the political dimension of architecture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Over more than 30 years of development, China has become the unquestionable leader in the global wind power industry. Despite the fact that China has outperformed other countries in terms of installed capacity, it currently faces a number of challenges, such as the low utilization rate of onshore wind power and the inability to smoothly connect large-scale wind power to the power grid, which represents the industry's biggest bottleneck. This study employs the extended Diamond Model to examine the competitiveness of China's wind power industry as well as to identify its weaknesses and areas for improvement. The results suggest that digitalization, smart technology, and the Belt and Road initiative have brought new opportunities to China's wind-power producers. China's wind power industry has strong competitiveness in the basic factors of resource endowment, demand, enterprise strategy, related and supporting industry, and government policy support, but it needs to be improved and perfected with regard to market-oriented systems and mechanisms, core technology research and development, grid connection technology, and power grid construction. Then, a series of policy implications have been proposed, which will help China to realize the transition from a "big wind-power producer" to a "strong wind-power producer."


This research was aim to known the correlation between religiosity and moral behavior of students at SMKN 8 Surakarta.The dependent variable of this research is moral behavior and the independent variable is religiosity. The research method was quantitative methode that used religiosity scale and moral behavior scale population of subject were 314 students in IX grade and sample of this research was 100 students of SMKN 8 Surakarta in XI grade. The sampling techniq used quota sampling.The techniq to analyze the data was Product Moment from Pearson. The result of this research shown that coefisient correlation (r) are 0,406 with sig.= 0,000; p< 0,01; which mean there is a significant positive correlation between religiosity and moral behavior of students at SMKN 8 Surakarta. Indicent effective of religiosity to moral behavior are 16,48%, meanwhile there are 83,52% of other factors that correlate toward moral behavior. The categorization result for religiosity with a presentage of 94,51% were very high and the categorization of moral behavior with a presentage 68,64% were high


A comprehensive study on the statistics of adaptive antenna arrays is presented. The main contribution is the derivation of the probability distribution function of the cochannel interference for the uplink of mobile communications systems, unconditioned on the interferers' directions of arrival. Closed-form results for the cumulative distribution function, moment generating function, and outage probability are also reported. Numerical verification is provided, utilizing both simulation and published data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical effects of hemodialysis,hemoperfusion in treatment of acute paraquat poisoning.METHODS 92 cases of acute paraquat poisoning patients were randomly divided into three groups,group A with 41 cases was taken with simple conventional blood dialysis treatment.Group B with 20 cases was taken with conventional treatment and simple blood perfusion.Group C with 31 cases was taken with hemodialysis jointed hemoperfusion conventional treatment.RESULTS The efficiency of hemodialysis combined hemoperfusion treatment was significantly higher than hemodialysis or hemoperfusion.The survival time of patients by the combination therapy who eventually died was significantly longer than that of patients with simple hemodialysis or hemoperfusion,during which the difference was obvious,there were statistically significance(P﹤0.05).CONCLUSION A timely manner to take the hemodialysis blood infusion therapy can improve the therapeutic effect of patients with acute paraquat poisoning.


The impact of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and in MPTP neurotoxicity remains unclear. Here, male TNF‐α (–/–) deficient mice and C57bL/6 mice were treated with MPTP (4 × 15mg/kg, 24 h intervals) and in one series, thalidomide was administered to inhibit TNF‐α synthesis. Real‐time RT‐PCR revealed that the striatal mRNA levels of TNF‐α, of the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and of the marker for activated microglia, macrophage antigen complex‐1 (MAC‐1), were significantly enhanced after MPTP administration. Thalidomide (50 mg/kg, p.o.) partly protected against the MPTP‐induced dopamine (DA) depletion, and TNF‐α (–/–) mice showed a significant attenuation of striatal DA and DA metabolite loss as well as striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) fiber density, but no difference in nigral TH and DA transporter immunoreactivity. TNF‐α deficient mice suffered a lower mortality (10%) compared to the high mortality (75%) seen in wild‐type mice after acute MPTP treatment (4 × 20mg/kg, 2 h interval). HPLC measurement of MPP+ levels revealed no differences in TNF‐α (–/–), wild‐type and thalidomide treated mice. This study demonstrates that TNF‐α is involved in MPTP toxicity and that inhibition of TNF‐α response may be a promising target for extending beyond symptomatic treatment and developing anti‐parkinsonian drugs for the treatment of the inflammatory processes in PD.


The author reports on 2 successful cases of tubal teanastomosis on patients previously sterilized by the Madlener method. Surgical technique was slightly different for the 2 cases; full tubal permeability was revealed by salpingography 11 days after surgery. Given the ever increasing number of women asking for reversal of sterilization the author makes the point that sexual sterilization must be performed only in few and very selected cases.


Influenza vaccine for 1978--79 will consist of inactivated trivalent preparations of antigens of influenza viruses expected to be prevalent. Alternative vaccine formulations will be available for different age groups. Annual vaccination is recommended for persons at greatest risk: chronically ill adults and children, and those over 65. Current influenza virus vaccine has been associated with few side effects, but three types of systemic reactions have been described. Pregnant women do not appear to have any special risk from influenza vaccination; physicians evaluating them should use the same criteria applied to other persons.


In the past two decades, the teaching of psychology in King Saudi University (KSU) has been strongly influenced by globalization. The combination of Saudi faculty earning advanced degrees in western countries, establishing a teaching and learning center that has brought western consultants to advise faculty and administrators on issues surrounding teaching and learning, and seeking institutional and program accreditation has strongly influenced how KSU professors teach psychology. Western influence has been particularly strong on the curricular issues, methods used to teach psychology, and approaches to assess student learning.


An experimental investigation and numerical model development to predict the behaviour of a journal bearing subjected to different loading direction is described. The numerical model predicts significant thermal excursions under conditions of extreme load and speed, and these trends are confirmed by experimental observations. The experimental results show that the oil grooves are not effective in providing cool lubricant when they are positioned in the loaded part of the film. The numerical model suggests that at a prescribed eccentricity ratio, a very significant load increase can occur (threefold) for a small change in loading direction. Additionally, predicted side flow is very load direction dependent while bush torque reaction is not; these trends are confirmed by experimental observation.


We present here a prototype of an algorithm for vehicle speed estimation. Different from previous approaches, our algorithm requires no road markers and fewer manual calibrations. Based on specific projection rules, we find a relation between the in-camera coordinate and the real world coordinate. A non-linear regression is employed to estimate the model parameters. This model enables us to estimate the real world position of the vehicles directly from a video sequence taken by a surveillance camera. The algorithm shows its ability to produce accurate estimations in our experiments.


Objective To investigate the effects of rehabilitation training on the microenvironment for axon regeneration and the possible mechanisms promoting axon regeneration,reconstruction and functional compensation after spinal cord injury (SCI) in beagle dogs.Methods Fifteen beagles were divided into a sham operated group,an SCI model group and a rehabilitation training group.Spinal cord hemi-transection injury was carried out.From the 8th day after SCI,the rehabilitation training group was given treadmill training.All dogs were sacrificed 60 days postinjury and samples were harvested.Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) expression of astroglial cells around the injured area was observed using an immunofluorescence technique.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CSPG protein in each group were semi-quantified by Western blot analysis.Axon regeneration was observed by silver staining.Motor function was assessed using modified Tarlov scores.Results In the rehabilitation training group,compared with the model group astroglial production of CSPG was reduced remarkably.Both CSPG expression and axon regeneration were enhanced and functional deficits improved.Conclusions Rehabilitation training can inhibit astroglial production of CSPG,improve the microenvironment for injured axon regeneration,and promote reconstruction and functional compensation after traumatic SCI.

Key words:
Spinal cord injury; Nerve regeneration; Rehabilitation training; Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan ; Axon regeneration


The proposed novel current-fed phase-shift full-bridge PWM DC-DC converter is applicable to multi- output applications.This converter uses auxiliary circuits and parasitic parameters to achieve ZVS and ZCS. And the auxiliary switches can work softly too.This paper analyses its operational principle and the condition of achieving soft-switch,and finally verify the correctness and feasibility of the theory in Pspice.


The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract of Gymnosporia emerginata, Solanum pubescence and Anogessius accuminata against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Five groups of rats were orally pre-treated respectively with normal saline solution (ulcer control group), Omeprazole 10 mg/kg (reference group), and 300 mg/kg of Gymnosporia emerginata, Solanum pubescence and Anogessius accuminata leaf extract in normal saline solution ( 3 experimental groups), one hour before oral administration of absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal injury. Rats were sacrificed and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls were determined. Grossly, the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with Solanum pubescence leaf extract exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosal injury followed by Gymnosporia emerginata and Anogessius accuminata leaf extracts. Histological studies revealed that ulcer control group exhibited severe damage of gastric mucosa, along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with Solanum pubescence, Gymnosporia emerginata and Anogessius accuminata leaf extract which showed gastric mucosal protection, reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer. Acute toxicity study did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. The present finding suggests that Solanum pubescence, Gymnosporia emerginata and Anogessius accuminata leaf extract promotes ulcer protection as ascertained grossly and histologically compared to the ulcer control group.


This paper analyses the challenge of the information society and the information service industry,which the university libraries are faced with in the new century.To meet the challenge,libraries ought to deepen the information service work and set forth concrete measures in the following areas: exploiting the library resources development,upgrading service levels,setting up the information network databases and carrying out staff training.


At the beginnings of the Gothic, in the eighteenth century, there was an anxiety or taboo surrounding consumption and appetite for the Gothic text itself and for the excessive and sensational themes that the Gothic discussed. The female body, becoming a commodity in society, was objectified within the texts and consumed by the villain (both metaphorically and literally) who represented the perils of gluttony and indulgence and the horrors of cannibalistic desire. The female was the object of consumption and thus was denied appetite and was depicted as starved and starving. This also communicated the taboo of female appetite, a taboo that persists and changes within the Gothic as the female assumes the status of subject and the power to devour; she moves from being ethereal to bestial in the nineteenth century. With her renewed hunger, she becomes the consumer, devouring the villain who would eat her alive. The two sections of this study discuss the extremes of appetite and the extremes of bodily representations: starvation and cannibalism.


Common cultivars of tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort = Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] host a fungal endophyte that produces ergot alkaloids. These alkaloids are linked to fescue toxicosis, a serious livestock disorder in the United States. This study was conducted to determine how ergot alkaloid concentrations fluctuate throughout the growing season in tall fescue regrowth. In 2005, plots were established in pastures of endophyte-infected tall fescue growing in Missouri, Georgia, and South Carolina. Each month of the growing season, plots were clipped and forage allowed to regrow; regrowth was sampled from April through October 2006 and analyzed for ergovaline and total ergot alkaloid concentrations. At all three sites, ergovaline concentration was lowest during the spring, increasing slightly through the summer months and then sharply in the early autumn. This pattern of ergovaline fluctuation did not mimic data published from experiments in which tall fescue was grazed or was allowed to grow without defoliation. Total ergot alkaloid concentration followed a bimodal curve, with highest concentration in the spring and fall and lowest concentration in the summer. We conclude that common cultivars of endophyte-infected tall fescue should be regarded as highly toxic in the autumn and less toxic in the summer, even if pastures are clipped. We also conclude that the toxicity potential of tall fescue regrowth in the spring depends on which ergot alkaloids prove most responsible for fescue toxicosis.


Some crucial aspects of the functionalisation of carbon nanotubes by nitric acid vapors are investigated, namely selectivity of the process and thermal stability in air of the functionalised materials. Results obtained by varying duration (0.5–5.0 h) of the conventional treatment with vapors at azeotropic HNO3 concentration are compared with those obtained, for fixed duration (2.0 h), by using sub-azeotropic HNO3+H2O+Mg(NO3)2 solution to generate acid vapors with acid concentration in the range 25–93 wt%, as recently proposed by us. A thorough picture is drawn based on evidences of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, micro Raman spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetry, derivative thermo-gravimetry, and temperature-programmed desorption systematic analyses.


The current study reveals the causes of economic growth of India which has recorded rapid economic growth particularly for the past two decades. It examines the existence of the long-run equilibrium relationship and causality between economic growth and its plausible determinants comprising domestic investment, FDI inflows, and international trade. The concerned variables are revealed to be integrated of different orders. The cointegration test results show that they are cointegrated. The error correction models show that domestic investment has led to the economic growth of India; meanwhile, neither international trade nor FDI inflows are revealed to have caused economic growth.


This article explores the rationale for the 2011-2013 review of the National Curriculum
in England, a rationale informed by the work of an Expert Panel chaired by the author. The focus
is on the fundamental principles that determine the nature and content of the curriculum. The
approach adopted by the review is contrasted with that adopted when the Qualifications and
Curriculum Authority revised the curriculum in 2007. The article discusses the question of who
can legitimately drive change in curriculum content and what the implications are for the cycle of
curriculum change.


Coffee is an important crop in Vietnam and it has recently brought a lot of benefit for the country through export. After coffee leaf rust, anthracnose is the second destructive disease for coffee production and is caused primarily by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In order to investigate the pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides on coffee in the North of Vietnam, we carried out isolation of C. gloeosporioides species from different coffee plantations and found that C. gloeosporioides presents in different parts of coffee including leaf, twig, ripe berry and green berry. The pathogenicity of a total of twenty eight C. gloeosporioides isolates was tested on green berry in laboratory. Interestingly, two most pathogenic isolates were originated from green berry. In detail, the rate of green berry infection by C. gloeosporioides isolates varied from 4.44% to 76.67% and the variation of infection rate was also observed clearly among C. gloeosporioides isolates originating from leaf (14.40% to 45.56%), twig (4.44% to 58.89%), ripe berry (22.20% to 61.10%) and green berry (24.40% to 76.67%). Three selected pathogenic isolates representing for C. gloeosporioides isolates originated from twig, ripe berry and green berry were further tested for pathogenicity on hypocotyl seedling in greenhouse. The rate of hypocotyl seedling infection by C. gloeosporioides isolates originated from twig, green berry and ripe berry is 48.89%, 37.78 and 23.33% respectively. Our data suggests that pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides is variable and specific among isolates, parts of coffee.


Since its introduction to the United States in 1999, West Nile Virus (WNV) has become the most prevalent arthropod borne virus (arbovirus) in the Americas. WNV possesses the potential to manifest encephalitic symptoms in both humans and horses, making it an area of constant concern. The most common vector of WNV in the Western United States is the mosquito Culex tarsalis, which likely derives WNV from migrating bird populations that act as viral reservoirs. C. tarsalis blood feeds specifically for nutrients needed in reproduction, and imbibes floral nectar or other plant sugars for energy. Work with other mosquito species, including members of the genus Culex, suggests that there are definite preferences in the kinds of plants for which mosquitoes forage. Using the contents of extracted mosquito guts, it has been demonstrated that the identity of host plants can be determined through genetic methods. This study uses these methods in an attempt to identify popular host plants among C. tarsalis females residing in wetlands near Helena, Montana with the hypothesis that C. tarsalis selectively forages for floral nectar in a wetland environment, and does not simply feed on the flowers which are most abundant given vegetative data. While no determinations of host plant preference can be made with certainty due to inconclusive PCR results, Cirsium arvense is implicated as a possible sugar source due to its high nectar content and relative abundance.


Significance Cooperativity in substrate binding to a protein often involves some kind of interaction between distant binding sites mediated by the protein structure. Experimental studies indicate that the cooperative effect in protein kinase A relies on a shift in conformational equilibrium of the catalytic subunit, but its exact molecular basis remains unclear. Our molecular dynamics simulations provide atomistic insight into conformational states visited by the enzyme and its complexes and suggest a plausible mechanistic model contributing to cooperative substrate binding. Intriguingly, an important role seems to be played by water molecules that occupy two conserved hydration sites within the catalytic subunit. Substrate binding cooperativity in protein kinase A (PKA) seems to involve allosteric coupling between the two binding sites. It received significant attention, but its molecular basis still remains not entirely clear. Based on long molecular dynamics of PKA and its complexes, we characterized an allosteric pathway that links ATP binding to the redistribution of states adopted by a protein substrate positioning segment in favor of those that warrant correct binding. We demonstrate that the cooperativity mechanism critically depends on the presence of water in two distinct, buried hydration sites. One holds just a single water molecule, which acts as a switchable hydrogen bond bridge along the allosteric pathway. The second, filled with partially disordered solvent, is essential for providing a smooth free energy landscape underlying conformational transitions of the peptide binding region. Our findings remain in agreement with experimental data, also concerning the cooperativity abolishing effect of the Y204A mutation, and indicate a plausible molecular mechanism contributing to experimentally observed binding cooperativity of the two substrates.


The paternity of 202 of 220 offspring of rhesus monkeys housed in six separate half‐acre field cages at the California Primate Research Center was determined by genetic marker techniques. Reproductive success of the adult males was statistically significantly correlated (r = 0.76, P <0.0005) with rank. Marked systematic changes in reproductive success were, however, observed for two adult males during the three years covered by this study. Based upon these results and those of another study, it is argued that changes in rank position typically follow, rather than precede, changes in reproductive success.


In the present work, a low-cost structure was fabricated for the purpose of acquiring useful data for the calculation, validation and report structuration of the Megazord AeroDesign team, representing Professor Jessen Vidal Technology College of São José dos Campos. From six meters of iron steel bars, the best material layout was designed to withstand stress loads and to promote the best assembly and disassembly solution for later logistic and storage. A structural analysis of the tower was also carried out in order to validate its performance from a safety point of view.


The electric field distribution in 550 kV disconnector of GIS was investigated by using the Finite Element Method,in this paper.And the optimization of electric field distribution in 550 kV disconnector was attained,based on the Response Surface Method and the Finite Element Method.The results revealed that a uniform electric field distribution is achievable in 550 kV disconnector of GIS.The conclusion was attained that power frequency withstand voltage of 740 kV for 1 minute,lightning impulse of 1 675 kV,and switching impulse of 1 300 kV meet the requirements of the national standard.The structure design and the reliability of the optimized disconnector were improved.


For the regions and cities that have tourist attractions, increasing the importance of tourism industry, is an important element. Nowadays, tourists are doing a detailed research on the place to go when planning a vacation or going to a tourist area. One of the most important reasons why tourists prefer a destination is the destination image. University students are both potential individuals who assess the image of the region they are studying and potential tourists in the future. Finding out how the image of destination is perceived by the university students studying in the region has great importance in terms of the development of the tourism in the region and the increase of the number of tourists. The purpose of this study is to reveal the thoughts of the destination image of the Arhavi district where the Artvin Coruh University Arhavi Vocational High School students have studied. In the context of the literature, destination and perception are explained and important supply and demand elements related to Arhavi destination are mentioned. Arhavi's destination image has been tried to be measured by applying a survey to the students who are studying in this institution. In this study which is a quantitative research, the data obtained from the survey with a total of 155 VHS students were analyzed with various statistical tests. According to the results of the research; While the university students were aware of the moderate positive image perceptions of the Arhavi district people, they have negative image perceptions in terms of district facilities such as entertainment, shopping, sports, accommodation, artistic and cultural activities, historical and touristic values. As a result, the Arhavi destination image has been moderately positive with the viewpoint of the students.


This paper highlights major enhancements made to the security visualization tool -- NVisionIP -- since it was first presented at the VizSEC/DMSEC 2004 Workshop.


Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com of oil largely depends upon its fatty acid composition The Rapeseed mustard produces industrial oil on account of high erucic acid content. The presence of high erucic acid content in Rapeseed mustard oil valued as oleo chemicals. The high erucic materials being grown in this country have proven agronomic value. The high erucic acid content is equally desirable for the use of mustard oil for technical purposes. In industry the erucic acid is put to several uses. It is used for manufacture of certain chemicals, antifoaming agents, various types of resins, plasticizers and surfactants. Therefore ten varieties were screened for chemical compositions to find out the variability for oil content and fatty acid to select out superior ones for breeding and industrial purposes.


Mobile governance (m-governance), which is considered as an extension of electronic governance (e-governance), has enormous opportunity to flourish in the developing countries due to the rapid increase of mobile phone subscribers. There are also a number of challenges accompanying the opportunities for design and implementation of mobile governance in developing countries. In this paper a conceptual framework is proposed based on secondary research to justify the current mobile governance situation of developing countries, with Bangladesh being selected as the case study, by explaining the essential components of a mobile governance system and the surrounding environmental factors that have influence upon it.


A comparison is proposed between a Fermi surface for calcium calculated by the cellular method and de Haas-van Alphen periods recently measured by Condon and Marcus. The calculations predict calcium metal to be a semiconductor at high pressure and this agrees semiquantitatively with the recent results of Stager and Drickamer.


The report describes an experimental investigation designed to examine the effects on permeability of a dense graded base course aggregate when the gradation is varied within the allowable range set forth by the Maryland State Highway Administration. The gradations were chosen so that the amount of fines by weight passing the number 200 sieve is varied between 10 and 0 percent. The study showed that significant increases in hydraulic conductivity can be realized by shifting the gradation curve from the finest curve to the coarsest curve within the MSHA allowable range for material designated dense graded aggregate. The study also presents a device which measures both vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the same granular base course specimen. Practical application of horizontal hydraulic conductivity is discussed in reference to the Corps of Engineers' drainage requirement for base course materials.


Despite their relevance for economic activities, little is known on how institutional aspects affect firms' ability to innovate. This study examines the impact of firm bribes on new product innovations in 30 emerging markets that exhibit significant heterogeneity both in corrupt practices and innovative performance. The results suggest that: (1) bribes have a positive effect on firm innovation by "greasing" the regulatory apparatus and facilitate the introduction of new product innovations; (2) arbitrariness of bribes within a sector-region-country unit has a negative impact on firm innovation, increasing the financial burden and informational asymmetries firms face; and (3) the effect of bribes is moderated by the quality of formal and informal institutions. These findings provide new insights into the relationships between firm innovation, bribery and institutions.


One of the most vigorously discussed movements today is that of having young teachers in service visited by representatives of the colleges that trained them. Edgar C. Higbie, president of the Eastern State Teachers College, Madison, South Dakota, who is an active leader in this movement, stated in a privately circulated bulletin that in the school year 1928-29 twenty-one teachers' colleges were carrying on some form of follow-up work in addition to the receiving of reports from local supervisors. In answer to a questionnaire prepared by the writer for the American Association of Teachers Colleges, thirty-two presidents of teachers' colleges reported that they were providing for their graduates a year or two of supervision in the field, while twenty others reported that they were contemplating the provision of such supervision. Twenty-five presidents reported that they were employing one or more persons whose exclusive duty was to supervise in the field, and twenty-three others were contemplating the appointment of such supervisors. Follow-up supervision was discussed in five addresses which the writer heard in different meetings at the convention of the Department of Superintendence held in 1929. In laying the foundations for the follow-up work at the Louisiana State Normal College, the writer believed that the undertaking should be regarded as experimental. There are two major questions: (i) How much does such service help the young teachers who are visited? (2) How much may it help the college in its subsequent plans for training? This report makes no attempt to answer the first question. It contributes toward the answer to the second by 746