The present study was carried out to determine nitrogen-use efficiencies (NUE) of common bread and durum wheat cultivars grown in Cukurova region. Experiments were conducted at Dogankent Experimental Station of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute during the growing seasons of 2000-2001 and 2001-2002. Seven bread wheat cultivars (Adana-99, Ceyhan-99, Yuregir-89, Dogankent-1, Panda, Seyhan-95 and Genc-99) and three durum wheat cultivars (Amanos-97, Fuatbey-2000 and Gediz-75) were used as the plant material of the study. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Nitrogen (N) doses (0, 5, 10, 20 kg da -1 ) were randomly placed in main plots and wheat cultivars were placed in sub-plots. As a general average, wheat cultivars had NUE values of between 29-66%. NUE values of much precipitated (737.4 mm) year were lower than the NUE values of less precipitated (346.7 mm) year (58% and 34%). The cultivars Adana-99 and Ceyhan-99 had the highest NUE values as general average. These two cultivars had both higher nitrogen-uptake efficiency (NUpE) and nitrogen-utilization efficiency (NUtE) than the year averages.


In poly ferric sulfate production process with pyrite cinder as the main raw material, the sodium nitrite as catalyst is too toxic to be used largely. By orthogonal experiment and single factor experiments, the best reaction conditions were studied for the sodium nitrite as the catalyst, the amount of catalyst is 0.8%, the reaction temperature is 50°C and the reaction time is 60 minutes. According these conditions, the catalyst (CH-2) was used to promote the oxidation-polymerization reaction. Results showed that the use of this non-sodium nitrite catalyst could not eliminate the product toxicity that would be caused by using sodium nitrite catalyst but also make the toxicity of PFS was eliminated and the performance was better.


We report the results of our calculations of the atomic electric dipole moments of cesium and thallium arising from the electron-nucleus scalar-pseudoscalar interaction. The calculations are based on the all order relativistic coupled-cluster theory. Electron correlation effects, particularly in the case of thallium are of crucial importance. We obtain a new limit for the scalar-pseudoscalar interaction by combining the result of our thallium calculation and the measured value of the electric dipole moment of that atom.


D Widmann has developed high pressure cleaning systems for industrial use, with applications in many industry sectors. The supplier, based in Ulm, Germany, describes the benefits offered to glass container manufacturers by its in situ cleaning units.


: The growth of the labor force that is faster than the growth employment will increase the number of unemployment. This study discusses the effects of inflation, investment and wages rate on unemployment rates in eastern Java Province in 2006-2016 both simultaneously and partially. The data used is secondary data with the time series data from 2006-2016. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The analysis showed that simultaneous inflation, investment and wages rate significant effect on the wage rate of unemployment in eastern Java 2006-2016. While partially, investment has no effect on the unemployment rate in eastern Java 2006-2016. While the inflation and wages is partially significant effect on unemployment in eastern Java 2006-2016.


This article proposed the system of accountant appointing correlation research situation,the problem in practice and the solution.Accountant appointing system is the economical reforming time transition way.Its production has the economical historical background in the specific time.The distort of accounting information lack of accountant supervision is the cause.


Extensive research has shown that second language (L2) learners find it difficult to apply grammatical knowledge during real-time processing, especially when differences exist between the first (L1) and L2. The current study examines the extent to which British English-speaking learners of French can apply their grammatical knowledge of the French subjunctive during real-time processing, and whether this ability is modulated by the properties of the L1 grammar, and/or proficiency. Data from an acceptability judgment task and an eye-tracking during reading experiment revealed that L2 learners had knowledge of the subjunctive, but were unable to apply this knowledge when reading for comprehension. Such findings therefore suggest that L2 knowledge of the subjunctive, at least at the proficiency levels tested in this study, is largely metalinguistic (explicit) in nature and that reduced lexical access and/or limited computational resources (e.g., working memory) prevented learners from fully utilising their grammatical representations during real-time processing.


Majority of automobile and aerospace parts, mainly their body components are joined together by different types of adhesives. So these growing needs demand the detailed study on stress concentration and strength analysis of adhesive joints. With the help of structural analysis simulations we can identify the problem areas, failure loads and solutions can be validated in computers without any expensive shop floor operations prior to any tool construction. Structural analysis simulation is also helpful at the joint design stage to decide various parameters, like thickness, overlap length etc. In the recent years the use of finite element analysis is increased in the strength analysis of sheet metal joints. Finite element analysis helps to analyse the process virtually.The present investigation reports a case study of a single lap adhesive joint of similar metals. This joint is subjected to static tensile loading and the RADIOSS deck of Hyperworks 11.0 software package is used to carry out the analysis. The analysis result helps in depicting the failure loads for different conditions. The effects of varying load and adhesive thickness on stress induced and hence on the joint strength of Aluminium to Aluminium single lap adhesive joint under static tensile loading is studied in this case study.


Objectives: This paper demonstrates the applicability of discrete event simulation to planning the response of a rural acute health‐care delivery system to a bioterrorist attack. Simulation results are used to develop observations and recommendations for planning for bioterrorism events in rural settings. Method: The analysis employed two discrete event simulation models, one representing the spread of disease following an attack with a contagious agent (pneumonic plague) and the other representing the care that victims would receive from the acute health‐care delivery system and the resultant stress the attack would put on the health‐care infrastructure. Results: In the scenario simulated in this study, early detection of the attack and subsequent aggressive response by the public health system were projected to reduce the total number of victims in this rural setting from 82 to 27 and to reduce deaths from 43 to 7 when compared with a less timely and less effective response. Early detection also created...


SITAEL is active in the field of electric propulsion and is involved in the development of different thruster technologies—mainly Hall thrusters (HTs)—of power levels ranging from 100 W up to 20 kW. Low-power HTs are the most effective choice to perform orbit transfer, drag compensation, and de-orbiting maneuvers for small satellites. This paper is dedicated to the activities regarding HC1, the hollow cathode conceived for the 100-W-class Hall thruster under development at SITAEL. Successful test campaigns were performed and are described, with emphasis on the improvements in the cathode design after an extensive research and development phase. The results are presented and discussed, along with future developments of the ongoing activities.


The law is supreme that must be obeyed by every citizen and must be upheld by the State in the context of national, state and community life. The constitutional foundation provides an understanding that the administration of the Indonesian State is based on the concept of law. The role of law in the reform era in all fields of science is concrete evidence, essentially the life of the community requires a set of legal rules that can always maintain order and furthermore provide legal certainty, usefulness and justice. The problem to be discussed in this paper the author wants to know "How the Role of Economic Law as the Commander in Chief of Development" Economic development must be done through a strong legal foundation. Economics is the backbone of people's welfare, and science is the pillar of national progress, but the law is the institution that ultimately determines how the people's welfare can be enjoyed equally, and how social justice can be realized in people's lives, and how scientific progress and technology can bring progress to the people.


A substantial body of research has investigated how collocation instruction contributes to language development, particularly in reading, writing, and speaking. However, there has been very little discussion of how the knowledge provided by this research can inform language teaching. This article reviews studies that address how collocations can best be taught in terms of different theoretically motivated instructional options: (a) input, (b) explicit instruction, and (c) production practice. Furthermore, we consider a number of possibilities for the pedagogic utilization of the information it makes available, and provide an account of instructional options. The need for research that investigates how teachers integrate their professional knowledge into their personal pedagogical system is also recognized.


Ginseng is a one of the most popular herbal plants and has been used to restore and enhance vital energy in Asian countries for thousands years 1) . Ginseng has been accepted by doctors and patients as a beneficial drug based on long clinical experiences and Oriental pharmaceutical theory. Numerous scientific researches have been performed on ginseng, which 1,600 studies about ginseng are reported so far 2) . Main researches for ginseng' effects are focussed on reduction of physical and biological stress 3,4) , anti-cancer 5,6) , protection of nerve system 7,8) and helping blood environments 9,10) . In particular, immunerelated activity of ginseng was emphasized in accordance with its known clinical applications increasing general vitality and protection against pathogenic environments 11,12) . On the other hand, Korea has taken a position of priority of ginseng, and ginseng was a representative product of Korea for a long time. However, there is concerning for loss of global competitive power of Korean ginseng. An aging society is rapidly progressing, thus not only conventional therapeutic medicine but also remedies for preventive purpose for quality of life (QOL) are required. Ginseng is one of the most important herbal drug in these fields, and many efforts are given to develop ginseng as novel drug or supplement 13,14) . In these days, every physiologic/pathologic phenomena and Oriental medicine including herbal drugs could be explained by immunologic aspects. One of the most well known functions of ginseng is immOverview for Immune-related Efficacies and their Mechanisms of Ginseng


in Norway. Then, Hf-rich zircons have been recognized in manylocalities of the world. It is worth while to note that Correia Neves et al.have discov-


Introduction The ammonia decomposition reaction has recently received increased attention due to the possibility of ammonia being used as a hydrogen storage medium in a possible hydrogen economy. We have explored this decomposition reaction through multiscale microkinetic modeling for a number of transition metal catalysts, including Cu, Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd, Rh, Co, Ni, Fe, W, and Mo, to better understand the reaction mechanism. The mechanism consists of 12 elementary reaction steps and 5 surface species, namely N, H, NH, NH2, and NH3. For many of the metals, a large portion of the surface is covered by adsorbates. For these metals, repulsive adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are expected to change the binding energies of the surface species, thereby changing the elementary reaction activation barriers and modifying the catalytic activity [1]. An understanding of the reaction mechanism and electronic properties of the metals has given insight into how to tailor catalysts to improve catalytic activity for this reaction.


A series of pyridine metal phthalocyanine MTAP(M = Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Mn) were synthesized by solid state melting method,and characterized by infrared spectroscopy(IR),ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).DBT solution in octane was used as model diesel,and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant.The catalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by the catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene(DBT) under 100 ℃.The results showed that CoTAP had the best catalytic activity with desulfurization rate 81.25% after reacting for 6 h,which was higher than blank test without catalyst(26.25%) 3.1 times.


This paper describes the philosophy and implementation of a two-dimensional transversal (finite impulse response) filter. The filter will provide automatic background cancellation and image enhancement in real time at rates in excess of 4 megapixels per second. The paper begins by discussing the philosophy of the filtering process as applied to typical electro-optic imagery together with computer simulated images illustrating its performance. A hardware architecture is described that causes a 15- x 15-pixel scanning window to pass over the image, performing a two dimensional convolution in real time with a weighting function that is programmable under the control of a microprocessor based console. To simplify the hardware design, certain restrictions are imposed on the kernel weighting functionnamely that it must constitute a rectangularly symmetric function.


Maintenance dredging of Cai Lan International Container Terminal (CICT) is expected to be undertaken every three years and generates about 50,000 m of dredged material. All dredged material is disposed at an offshore disposal site, which is about 42 km far from the Terminal and 20 km far from Ha Long Bay. The purpose of the study is to assess the impacts of the maintenance dredging of the CICT on the environment of the World Natural Heritage Site Ha Long Bay. The 2D tidal current – wave, and dispersion and transportation of suspended sediment modeling were developed. The dispersion and transportation of dredged soil were simulated during dredging and after dumping. The results of the study showed that the suspended substance concentration in the core zone of Ha Long Bay was still lower than that of the Vietnamese standard. However a part of the buffer zone that was about 2-3 km far from the dredging site was locally polluted. At the dumpsite, the dumping soil did not cause any problem to the water quality of Ha Long Bay. According to the modeling results, the offshore dumpsite could be moved landwards 7 km to reduce transportation cost.


Objective: Reliable perceptual and instrumental assessment of oral–nasal balance disorders is a persistent problem in speech-language pathology. The goal of the study was to evaluate whether nasalance-based preclassification of oral–nasal balance disorders improves listener agreement. Design: Retrospective listening study. Setting: Tertiary university hospital. Participants: Fifty-four randomly selected recordings of patients with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Three experienced speech-language pathologists participated as expert listeners. Interventions: Two listening experiments were based on nasalance scores and audio recordings of speakers with repaired UCLP. The speakers were preclassified as normal, hypernasal, hyponasal, or mixed based on their nasalance scores. Initially, the listeners determined the diagnostic category of the oral–nasal balance for 62 audio recordings (8 repeats). Six months later, they listened to 38 of the recordings (6 repeats) along with a spreadsheet indicating the nasalance-based categories for the oral–nasal balance. The listeners confirmed, or rejected and corrected, the nasalance-based preclassification. Main Outcome Measures: Intralistener, interlistener agreement, and agreement between listener categories and nasalance-based oral–nasal balance categories. Results: In the first study, the agreement between the listeners' diagnostic category and the nasalance-based category was 45.1% and the interlistener agreement was 36.7%. In the second study, the agreement between the listeners' category and the nasalance-based category was 67.1% (75% agreement for the correct nasalance-based categories and 41.7% for the misclassifications), and the interlistener agreement was 85.4%. Conclusions: Preclassification of oral–nasal balance disorders based on nasalance scores may help listeners achieve better diagnostic accuracy and higher agreement.


Polarization modulation of light from a 633 nm He-Ne laser, using the Pockels and Faraday effects in appropriate materials, can serve as an electrometer and magnetometer with sensitivities to 0.06 volt/cm and 0.03 gauss or better. With the sensor material placed in the field and the laser illuminator and receiver mounted remotely, this technique can be used for precise, wideband measurement of transient effects and power flow in substation environments where high fields prohibit direct measurements. This paper describes the performance of these devices used in prototype systems for voltage transient monitoring and also for precise voltage and current metering. The latter system requires thermal sensing as well, with an accuracy of 0.1°C; optical methods for accomplishing this will be described.


Early (<1 month) bacterial infection after liver transplant is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among liver transplant recipients. We investigated the impact of pre‐transplant bacterial infection on early post‐transplant bacterial infection incidence and outcomes.


This is a case study of extensive industry participation in the capstone design course of the Master of Architectural Engineering program at the University of Nebraska - Lincoln. This course, entitled Interdisciplinary Team Design Project, pairs teams of professional engineers and students to provide mentoring, assessment, and feedback, as the students work on interdisciplinary teams to design the building systems for a real-world project. For the spring 2010 semester, over 33 industry professionals participated in the course, each contributing approximately 40 to 50 hours of mentoring and assessment. This paper describes the course format and industry involvement, which provides students with invaluable, hands-on learning experiences. Introduction Though many professionals working in the engineering industry are often required to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations, the mechanisms to prepare engineering students for industry life vary greatly among institutions. One model to help prepare architectural engineering (AE) students for this application of knowledge has been developed at the University of Nebraska - Lincoln (UNL). This model integrates industry partnership and mentoring into the Interdisciplinary Team Design Project capstone design course of the Master of Architectural Engineering (MAE) program. Though persons from industry have been involved with the instruction of this course since 2003 (the first UNL MAE graduates), major revisions to the course were made in 2009 to formalize the industry interaction and increase its effectiveness. This revised course format was continued during the spring 2010 semester and will be described in this paper. Course and Project Description The Interdisciplinary Team Design Project is a four-credit, semester-long capstone course taken by all UNL architectural engineering students in their final year of the ABET-accredited MAE program. This program is part of the Charles W. Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction housed in the Peter Kiewit Institute in Omaha, NE. Students complete a four- year Bachelor of Science degree in Architectural Engineering, followed by the one-year MAE during which they focus on one of the following technical areas: (1) structural systems; (2) lighting and electrical systems; or (3) mechanical and acoustical systems. This capstone course builds upon previous discipline-specific design courses, and requires the integration of these disciplines. It is typically taken in the last semester, and is intended to provide students with a


Abstract Complex formation of deoxyribonucleic acid and 2-amino-benzo [c] cinnoline is demonstrated by spectroscopic means. The small molecule though uncharged seems to intercalate between the base pairs of the deoxyribonucleic acid like the acridines. The complex constant, however, is smaller by about two orders of magnitude. The influence of salt concentration and temperature on the equilibrium is investigated. The involvement of charge-transfer contribution is suggested.


High-deductible plans significantly reduce health care spending but also lead consumers to cut back on their use of preventive health care — even though high-deductible plans waive the deductible for such care.


Optimisation of protection, including the inherent judgement on what is 'reasonable', is a cornerstone of radiation protection. There is a very wide experience of its application in practice across all fields of protection. However, there are some concerns that the interpretation of what is 'reasonable' in applying the ALARA concept has in some cases become too cautious and limiting, with a tendency towards an approach of minimisation of exposure rather than exercising a balanced judgement on what is 'reasonable'.


Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant disorder in which affected individuals develop benign and malignant tumors [ ll. Because of the association between NF 1 and tumor development, the NFI gene has been classified as a tumor suppressor gene [2]. The NFI gene was identified in 1990 and found to code for a large cytoplasmic protein of 2,818 acids [3-51. The NFI gene product, neurofibromin, contains a small region in the central part of the protein that bears sequence similarity with a family of proteins that regulate the protooncogene p21-ras [6-9]. These p2 1 -ras regulatory proteins are collectively termed guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating proteins (GAPS). Since p21-ras can transform cells, neurofibromin (as an inhibitor of p21-ras activation) would therefore suppress the growth of cells. This association between NFl GAP function and p21-ras regulation has been demonstrated for some tumors in patients with NF1 [lo-121.


Antibody (Ab) validation is the procedure in which an Ab is thoroughly assayed for sensitivity and specificity in a given application. Validation of Abs against post-translationally modified (PTM) targets is particularly challenging because it requires specifically prepared antigen. Here we describe a novel validation method using surrogate proteins in a Western blot. The surrogate protein, which we termed 'MILKSHAKE,' is a modified maltose binding protein enzymatically conjugated to a peptide from the chosen target that is either modified or nonmodified at the residue of interest. The certainty of the residue's modification status can be used to confirm Ab specificity. This method also allows for Ab validation even in the absence or limited availability of treated cell lysates.


Under the framework of the protection of universal health care coverage system,we will achieve the principle of employers management with Labor Contract Law as the basis.We will gradually narrow the gap of the social medical insurance between different social groups,and get a more equitable medical security system to safeguard the people's health and resist disease risks,maintain social justice.Finally,the people can benefit from the development of the basic institutional arrangements.


Financial mathematic models of a riskless asset and a risky asset are discussed in this paper.Assuming the underlying asset price satisfies stochastic differential equation which is drove by fractional Brownian motion with random Hurst parameters.The explict solutions of the optimal portfolio problem under the logarithm utility function is obtained.This explict solutions can give advices to speculators when they have their investment.


Purpose: To investigate the physical stability and drug release-related properties of the aqueous polymer dispersions Kollicoat® SR 30 D and Aquacoat® ECD (an ethylcellulose-based dispersion) in the presence water-soluble polymers (pore formers) with special attention to the potential flocculation of the polymer dispersions. Methods: A precise characterization of the flocculation phenomena in undiluted samples was monitored with turbidimetric measurements using the Turbiscan Lab-Expert. Theophylline or propranolol HCl drug-layered pellets were coated with Kollicoat® SR 30 D and Aquacoat® ECD by the addition of water-soluble polymers polyvinyl pyrrolidone (Kollidon® 30 and 90 F), polyvinyl alcohol–polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Kollicoat® IR), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Pharmacoat® 603 or 606) in a fluidized bed coater Glatt GPCG-1 and drug release was performed according to UPS paddle method. Results: Stable dispersions were obtained with both Kollicoat® SR 30 D (a polyvinyl acetate-based dispersion) and Aquacoat® ECD with up to 50% hydrophilic pore formers polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Kollicoat® IR) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (Kollidon® 30). In general, Kollicoat® SR 30 D was more stable against flocculation than Aquacoat® ECD. Stable dispersions were also obtained with higher amounts of water-soluble polymer or by reducing the concentration of the polymer dispersion. Flocculated dispersions resulted in porous films and, thus, in a sharp increase in drug release. Conclusions: Kollicoat® SR 30 D was more resistant to flocculation upon addition of water-soluble polymers than Aquacoat® ECD. The continuous adjustment of drug release from Kollicoat® SR 30-coated pellets was possible with Kollicoat® IR amounts over a broad range.


The memory models used in the Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) can incur large amounts of overhead; It is possible to reduce this overhead by taking advantage of hardware features. This paper provides an in-depth analytical investigation of the overhead of write barriers in RTSJ VMs, and describes and analyzes solutions for reducing them.


Information derived from surveys of car drivers on roads to Central London undertaken mainly by the Greater London Council is analyzed and discussed. Trends in commuting to Central London, and trends in car traffic entering Central London are discussed as well as the journey purpose of car drivers, and characteristics of car commuters to Central London, Overall trends in company assistance, business use of the commuter car, and journey costs paid to commuter cars are also discussed. The observation is made that if the car is used for business journeys during the week, the provision of pool cars will be more economical for the firm, particuarly if the tax advantages were much lower. It is noted that a relatively small number of people (business car users) cause large disbenefits to other road-users (bus-operators and pasengers, freight and delivery vehicles) in the form of delays. By not paying the full social costs of their decision on choice of mode there cointinues to be a distortion in the market for travel.


The dynamic geomorphology of the Xiyang sea area, the largest tidal channel in the northern part of the Radial Sand Ridges in the South Yellow Sea, is complex. This paper studies the tidal flat and tidal channel stability and the evolution of the coast off the Xiyang sea area by combining topographic surveys in different periods with the data from remote sensing satellites. The result shows that the state of west tidal flat of the Xiyang tidal channel has changed from long-term siltation to dynamic balance of erosion and siltation. The Dongsha Sand Ridges on the eastern side of the Xiyang tidal channel has moved eastward and southward. The exchange of water and sand in the seas of Piaoersha and Sanyazi sand ridges was frequent with no significant rules of erosion and siltation.


Objective To investigate the in vitro and in vivo gene transfection activity of the chitosan nanoparticle as gene therapy vector.Methods Chitosan nanoparticles integrating plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and three different types of chitosan [quaternized chitosan (TMO-60%),C (43×103-45×103,87%),and C (230×103,90%)] were made by complex coacervation process.The shape and size of the particles were studied by transmission electron microscopy.The chitosan-DNA binding capability was detected by gel electrophoresis.The optimal chitosan:DNA ratio for maximal in vitro transfection was studied by adding various chitosan nanoparticles to the cell culture of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HCCLM6.The chitosan nanoparticles were fed to 12 BALB/C-nu/nu nude mice via a gastric feeding tube,2 times a week for a month,by the end of which the in vivo transfection efficiency of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa was studied.Negative control and blank control were set up at the same time.Results Both conventional and quaternized chitosan could form stable nanoparticles with plasmid GPF.The in vitro study showed the transfection efficiency was in the following descending order: quaternized chitosan >C (43×103-45×103,87%) >C (230×103,90%).The quaternized chitosan was proved to be the most efficient obvious GFP expression in the whole gastrointestinal tract,particularly in the gastric and upper intestinal mucosa.Conclusion The quaternized chitosan nanoparticle has relatively high in vitro and in vivo transfection activity,with minimal toxicity,which made it a desirable non-viral vector for gene therapy.

Key words:
Chitosan; Nanoparticle; Gene therapy; Gastrointestinal tract


This study was prompted by the definite increase in the number of cases of polyneuritis which we have observed in the past three years. We are cognizant of the confusion that exists in the literature regarding the terminology of polyneuritis and shall avoid entering into a discussion of the merits of the numerous terms which are employed to describe what appear to be minor variations of the same disease process. We propose to consider in this study a series of cases which have been encountered at the Mayo Clinic in the last fifteen years. These, we believe, can be classified under one heading and should be isolated from the large group of cases of polyneuritis in which the condition is due to various and sundry causes. We have adopted the term "neuronitis" to designate the disease in this series of cases. While certain peculiarities, such as facial diplegia and choked


Two novel pyrene-based isocyanide gold(I) complexes have been designed and synthesized. Different structures lead to distinct and diverse photophysical properties both in solution and the aggregate state. Multiple photoluminescence, involved in monomer emission, locally excited emission and excimer emission are observed and proved by density functional theory calculations. Notably, an excimer is formed by aggregation in solution and external mechanical stimulation in the solid state, showing aggregation- and mechano-induced excimer emission.


When grown under controlled high temperature conditions United States sorghum cultivars exhibited depressed grain yield in comparison with yield at moderate temperatures. High temperatures (day/night 33/28°C) between germination and initiation resulted in low grain yield. High temperatures at initiation and during the early phases of panicle development did not reduce floret production. In plants exposed to high temperatures before initiation, high temperatures late in the panicle development stage induced floret abortion, and even moderate temperatures after anthesis were associated with embryo abortion. The adverse effect of high night temperatures on grain yield is likely to be associated with inadequate assimilate availability to support dark respiration.


Growing evidence from task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies consistently indicates network abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (1,2). While a picture is emerging on how these changes affect cognition and behavior at various stages of the disease, there is less understanding of the changes in functional connectivity between spatially distant brain areas in the absence of a specific task, ie, in a "resting state." Resting state fMRI focuses on spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in distant yet temporally synchronous brain areas, which presumably reflect neural connectivity (3-5). It has been hypothesized that low-frequency (0.1-0.01 Hz) fluctuations in the BOLD signal may be attributed not only to spontaneous neuronal activity detectable in the absence of cognitive task, but also to specific functional domains. In other words, these temporally correlated fluctuations can indentify brain networks (6). The existing evidence suggests alterations in several resting-state networks in AD, such as the default mode network (7-9), fronto-parietal network, executive network, salience network (10), and language network (11).


In a case of a dispute between an islamic bank and a customer related to multi-service financing using an ijarah contract at an islamic bank, the customer is suing for the cancellation of the contract on the multi-service financing on the grounds that the object of the contract is not the object of the contract, so the contract should be null and void. However, the court decision stated that he rejected the customer's claim. This research was conducted to examine the application of sharia principles in legal considerations in court decisions regarding contract objects in multi-service financing using the ijarah contract. This research is a normative legal research using the statutory approach method. The results of this study indicate that the legal considerations in court decisions regarding the object of the contract in multi-service financing using the ijarah contract are formally correct, but materially there is still a possibility of gharar that is not in accordance with sharia principles.


The single- and double-electron capture processes in He2+–He collisions are investigated by the fully quantum-mechanical molecular orbital close-coupling method employing a basis containing 15 gerade and 14 ungerade molecular states. The energies and wavefunctions of He22+ molecular states included in the study are determined ab initio by the multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction method. The dominant capture mechanisms are discussed and the integral and differential charge transfer cross sections are calculated in the energy range of 0.0005–17.5 keV/u and compared with other available experimental and theoretical results.


To detect various network attacks in real time, this paper developed a network intrusion detection system based on artificial neural network. This paper first introduced the recent development of neural network, BP algorithm and structure of a simple perceptron. Then, this paper developed an improved BP neural network algorithm to detect anomaly network traffic with adjusted correlation rules. Finally, the network intrusion system in this paper was tested in a real network situation; the improved BP algorithm neural network with adjusted correlation rules shows a reduction in total error and increment in alarm rate compared to the traditional basic BP algorithm model.


ABSTRACT Ti5Al2.5Fe alloys were fabricated by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hot pressing (HP) pressure-assisted sintering techniques from pre-alloyed powders with a particle size of about 200 μm. The powders were sintered at 850 °C for two different holding times (5 and 8 min) and heating rates (50 and 150°C min−1) at 25 MPa. The maximum relative densities were 99.70 and 98.78% for SPS and HP samples, respectively. All the alloys prepared by the SPS process had significantly higher bending strengths (1825–2074 MPa) than the alloys prepared by the HP process (648–1330 MPa). A decrease in the heating rate from 150 to 50°C min−1 enhanced the wear resistance of the Ti5Al2.5Fe alloys prepared by both the SPS and HP processes.


Grain damage research has been a focus of many experts in the agriculture machinery industry. A threshing test-bed was developed to investigate the movement and influence of different threshing and separating units on maize grains. The damage to maize grains was analyzed with a high-speed camera to observe the movement and damage received by the maize grains. The results showed that the threshing and separating effects of the perforated concave plate were obviously lower than that of the round steel concave plate, the threshing effects of the rigid rasp bar and polyurethane rasp bar were similar, and the damage ratio of the polyurethane rasp bar was relatively low. It also indicated that moisture content has a significant effect on the damage ratio and damage type of maize grains. The different threshing component types used in this study had an obvious effect on the degree of damage to high moisture content maize grains and the damage to high-moisture kernels during threshing could be further identified. The results can provide a reference for the design of threshing and separating devices in the maize combine harvesting machinery.
Keywords: maize grain, damage, threshing process, high-speed camera
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201306.5395

Citation: Ma Z, Han M, Li Y M, Yu S C, Chandio F A. Comparing kernel damage of different threshing components using high-speed cameras. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(6): 215–219.


THE purpose of this note is to raise some questions concerning the method suggested by Dr. Rhodes in his paper " The Distribution of Incomes in the United States ", ptublished in the August issue of ECONOMICA. Dr. Rhodes' method implies that the number of incomes in each income bracket, with the exception of the highest and the lowest brackets, is determined by two different " laws ": one described by a formula derived for a different income range and extrapolated for this particular bracket, and another approximated by a curve fitted to residual frequencies including the bracket considered. In other words, the proportion of incomes falling into a particular bracket is the sum of two frequencies. To disenitangle them, Dr. Rhodes fitted a curve to the section of the empirical data where frequencies are supposed to be not composite (namely, the part of the " Tail " to which the original curve was fitted), and from the formula obtained he estimated what part of total frequencies in the composite part of the distribution is " ruled " by this first distribution law. A second formula was derived for residual frequencies of a certain number of income brackets, and a new set of residuals obtained by extrapolating the second " law of distribuition " (the " Head ") beyond the lower limit of the income range for which it was derived. Though no third curve was fitted to these residuals as the number of known values of x is small" (p. 231), nothing in Dr. Rhodes' method prevents us from refining the anatomic approach. In another distribution, we could obtain a " Neck " in addition to a " Tail " and a " Head ". The decomposition of the total frequencies thus is guided not by economic considerations but merely by the endeavour to obtain several partial distributions that can be described by a simple " formula and to add up as nearly as possible to the original frequencies. We venture to challenge the rationale of this method for economic analysis. It is sometimes very important to derive, from empirical income data, particular distributions for component parts of the population. One might be interested in analysing separately farm and non-farm incomes, or incomes derived mainly from property and those earned in gainful pursuits; in other words, to obtain partial distributions for more homogeneous components of the empirical distribution. Such an endeavour can obviously be successful only if considerable external information concerning the empirical data is available (if, for instance, the assumption can be made that practically all incomes below $3,000 are essentially earned incomes); but the inherent difficulties can hardly be solved by the proposed method of successive fitting of curves, a technique which is possibly attractive for the mathematician but has scarcely any economic meaning. This leads us to the core of the problem: Why do we try to describe an empirical income distribution by a mathematical formuLla ? Probably mainly for the following three reasons: 1. In order to compare distributions for different populations. 2. In order to compare changes over time in the same population. 3. In order to interpolate (or to rearrange in convenient brackets) a given distribution. Dr. Rhodes' method has obviously no particular advantages for No. 3. In the first two cases also, we can make little use of it, for after we have torn Head and Tail apart (and are left, in addition, vith the " Beak " which in the example studied includes not less than a fourth of the total population) in one distribution, we are not sure that when we repeat the same operation with another distribution (either for another population or for the same population at a different time point) we shall obtain a comparable "Head " and " Tail ". If we decompose a distribution, making certain assumptions


Pair programming is a software engineering agile technique where two programmers use a single computer to perform certain tasks together. Research in using pair programming in education showed that pair programming has a positive effect in improving students' ability and willingness to continue learning and practising. In comparison with research in this specific area little research was reported in evaluating the use of pair programming for teaching other software engineering skills (e.g., pair testing, pair design, etc.). This paper focuses on assessing and evaluating the use of pair programming techniques in developing and writing test cases in order to test software systems. Pair programming experiments was used to evaluate the ability of students to learn how to create test cases with different perspectives of coverage in mind.


17 Environments furnish multiple information sources for making predictions about future 18 events. Here we use behavioural modelling and fMRI to describe how humans select 19 predictors that might be most relevant. First, during early encounters with potential 20 predictors, participants' selections were explorative and directed towards subjectively 21 uncertain predictors (positive uncertainty effect). This was particularly the case when many 22 future opportunities remained to exploit knowledge gained. Then, preferences for accurate 23 predictors increased over time, while uncertain predictors were avoided (negative uncertainty 24 effect). The behavioural transition from positive to negative uncertainty- driven selections 25 was accompanied by changes in representations of belief uncertainty in ventromedial 26 prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). The polarity of uncertainty representations (positive or negative 27 encoding of uncertainty) changed between exploration and exploitation periods. Moreover, 28 the two periods were separated by a third transitional period in which beliefs about 29 predictors' accuracy predominated. VmPFC signals a multiplicity of decision variables, the 30 strength and polarity of which vary with behavioural context.


By analyzing the limitations of several typical spatial-temporal data models(STDM) for water loss and soil erosion,the STDM based on ArcSDE version mechanism is proposed.The method of STDB implementation with ArcSDE version mechanism is expatiated.The realizing processes of history data rebuilding and version mergence are described.The application in Hubei water and soil maintenance STDB system is introduced.


The city function position is of great value to city development,and is direction sign and the power supply of the urban development.In the new century,rested on the position and the superiority in Xinjiang and Central Asia region,Urumqi City put forward the goal of constructing modernization international trade center,and clear about the city function position in this foundation,namely "metropolis in the Asian center,the international metropolis,famous city of the trade and tourism,livable city".This article applies the related theory of the city function position,based on the appraisal to Urumqi's realistic city function,analyses the disparity between the present development situation of Urumqi and the city function position,proposed that constructing livable city is important gambit of achieving the city function position and some countermeasure.


Developing applications with intelligent context access capabilities is challenged by the difficulty of obtaining advanced context information. The complexity of the logic required for processing context information adds another barrier for developing advanced context-aware applications. In this research paper, we propose a solution that allows context information sharing and extension toward the generation of easily accessible specialized context information. The proposed solution allows forming context data providers specialized in certain context types with their own unique services. As a result, the solution provides application developers with new abilities in building apps that utilize intelligent context service with minimum development efforts.


BACKGROUND
Systemic venous congestion is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. Venous Excess Ultrasound Score (VExUS) has been proposed as a non-invasive score to assess systemic venous congestion. We aimed to evaluate the association between VExUS score and AKI in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

METHODS
A prospective study including patients with the diagnosis of ACS (both STE/NSTE ACS). VExUS was performed during the first 24 hours of hospital stay. Patients were classified according to the presence of systemic congestion (VExUS 0/ ≥ 1). The primary objective of the study was the occurrence of AKI, defined by KDIGO criteria.

RESULTS
A total of 77 patients were included. After ultrasound assessment, 31 (40.2%) patients were categorized as VExUS ≥1. VExUS ≥1 was more frequently found in inferior vs. anterior MI/NSTEMI (48.3 vs 25.8 & 22.5%, p = 0.031). At each increasing degree of VExUS, a higher proportion of patients developed AKI: VExUS = 0 (10.8%), VExUS = 1 (23.8%), VExUS = 2 (75.0%) & VExUS = 3 (100%) (p < 0.001). A significant association between VExUS ≥1 and AKI was found (OR: 6.75, 95%CI: 2.21-23.7, p = 0.001). After multivariable analysis, only VExUS ≥1 (OR 6.15; 95% CI: 1.26-29.94, p = 0.02) remained significantly associated with AKI.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients hospitalized with ACS, VExUS score is associated with the occurrence of AKI. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of VExUS assessment in patients with ACS.


In this paper,path-dependent theory and institutional change theory of new institutional economics are applied.In light of the successful experience of past rural reform and China state-owned enterprises reform,a new idea is put forward to the institutional design of new rural collective economy realization format.The principles of classification management,invigorating large enterpris while assisting small ones and using the big ones to lead small ones are implemented for the perfection of rural economy management system with Chinese characteristics based on central,provincial,county,town and village levels,and the promotion of the pluralism and diversity of rural collective economy.


Inventive system for the modern service-oriented manufacturing innovation in district of guangdong, hong kong and macau with the special analysis of foshan is presented in this manuscript. In this research, the listed highlights are reflected. (1) Value-added services can provide core smart conference services and leasing services of various IT resources for times. The leasing service of the basic IT resources is based on the virtualization technology of information facilities. (2) All the operation steps and results of CAE/CAD R&D personnel are recorded in the machine room, and the manager can check the project progress at any time. (3) The data mining and modelling framework is designed the implement the mentioned model. The robustness test is conducted to test the efficiency. We use the optimization model to find the optimal solution. The result is satisfactory.


Seismic isolation and energy dissipation are used for improving the dynamic response of bridges. However, no general concept forselecting the most appropriate devices for each structure is available, therefore understanding the dynamic processes is importantfor the selection and design of proper energy dissipation system to improve bridges' dynamic behavior. This study is focused on anactive training method for studying the behavior of bridges with base isolation systems under earthquakes. The proposed methodincludes creating and testing of bridges' numerical models in the classroom, and further results' analysis by the students, aimed atdrawing practical conclusions under the teacher's supervision. To implement the method in the learning process, a BridgeDynamics Laboratory was created in the Simulink environment. Original libraries of bridge's structural elements, anti-seismicdevices and seismic loads were developed. Modeling bridges using these libraries is a simple procedure, being easily incorporated inthe learning process during class teaching. Simulink allows the development of bridge models that visually reflect the real physicalprocesses, involving the bridge structure, and provides the possibility of quick and convenient modification of any parametercharacterizing the model. The learning process includes the representation and measurement of structural behavioral parameters,and their dependence on types and technical characteristics of the applied seismic protection system. Dynamic processes are studiedbased on modern standards. Time-history analysis is used to simulate the investigated bridge behavior under a selected earthquake.Implementation of the proposed method in the classroom teaching process of an undergraduate course is presented and explained.


Making use of the linear operator Dm , we obtain some argument properties of meromor phically p−valent functions. Also, we derive the integral preserving properties in a sector.


I was very pleased to receive your letter. It was really marvelous to read that someone takes some interest in me, aside from their interest in Mexico. I am not at all accustomed to that. If my "doppelg5inger" is, deep within his "soul," an old, sentimental Jew, then he's in for even harsher treatment than a "second" V. V. [Mayakovsky]. You see, I don't even have anyone to cry to on the telephone. Not only here where the country doesn't run on telephones... You and Pera2 are perhaps the only ones who know that I'm quite without "armor"-I don't mean in the sense of a battleship. There is a kind of lizard here [the armadillo], a cross between a common lizard and a turtle, out of which they make elegant little baskets by sticking the tail into the neck, degutting it, and lining the inside with scarlet or sky-blue silk. Sometimes they use them to make mandolins, which moan piteously. My very tender "doppelgainger" bleeds continually and his armor has to be constantly mended and tightened to keep it from completely ... falling apart. Not as Pudovkin would tighten his-I don't discipline mine. And not in V. V.'s style either-I don't keep mine in check. The vigor of our so-called creativity lies in the dialectical fusion of "blood" and "iron" !!! This becomes monstrous only when there is a break in the creative process, and during moments of rest. "Oh, if one could only produce without rest! " But I also have a third self. Actually, I


Calorie Restriction (CR) without malnutrition extends mean and maximal lifespan in multiple species, although the mechanism is unknown. CR has a dramatic effect on adipose tissue morphology, gene expression and energy metabolism. The concept of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ has come into focus recently, raising the possibility that the whole-body beneficial effects of CR are initiated in adipose tissue. Transcription co-activator PGC-1α is a key regulator of energy metabolism. CR influences components of the PGC-1α pathway, resulting in PGC-1α activation in adipose tissue. We set out to determine whether PGC-1α plays a role in the regulation of adipocyte function. Here we show the effect of manipulation of PGC-1α activity on two parameters of adipocyte function; differentiation and fat mobilization. First, we show that pharmacological inhibition of PGC-1α pathway accelerates differentiation, and activation of PGC-1α pathway impairs differentiation. Second, pharmacological activation of PGC-1α in mature adipocytes increases fat mobilization. Third, genetically increased levels of PGC-1α also inhibit differentiation and fat storage. This study demonstrates that PGC-1α plays a role in the processes of differentiation and fat mobilization in cultured adipocytes. These data are consistent with involvement of PGC-1α in the mechanism of adipose remodeling induced by CR.


We study the large time behaviour of a spherically symmetric motion of out-flowing isentropic and compressible viscous gas. The fluid occupies an unbounded exterior domain in $\mathbb{R}^n \; (n \ge 2)$, and it flows out from an inner sphere centred at the origin of radius $r=1$. The unique existence of a stationary solution satisfying the outflow boundary condition has been obtained by I. Hashimoto and A. Matsumura in 2021. The main aim of present paper is to show that this stationary solution becomes a time asymptotic state to the initial boundary value problem with the same boundary and spatial asymptotic conditions. Here, the initial data is chosen arbitrarily large if it belongs to the suitable weighted Sobolev space. The main strategy is to approximate the unbounded exterior problem by solving a sequence of outflow-inflow initial boundary value problems posed in finite annular domain. Then the solution is obtained as a limit of these approximate solutions. The key argument for the stability theorem is based on the derivation of a-priori estimates in the weighted Sobolev space, executed under the Lagrangian coordinate. The essential step of the proof is to obtain the point-wise upper and lower bound for the density. It is derived through employing a representation formula of the density with the aid of the weighted energy method.


Chondroblastoma is a relatively rare benign bone tumor. This is a case of a chondroblastoma in the calcaneus which was removed successfully by curettage and replaced with a bony substitute of calcium sulfate pellets impregnated with autologous bone marrow. After two years, the patient remained symptom-free, and the radiographs demonstrated complete filling of the defect with good bony union without recurrence.


Abstract Research shows that the perceptions that people hold are an important influence on career decisions. This study examines Irish secondary school students' perceptions of the work of an accountant and the accounting profession. Students are found to hold a traditional view of the profession considering it to be boring, definite, precise and compliance driven. Students who are studying accounting in school have less negative views than those not studying the subject. Females view accounting as more definite, precise and compliance driven than males. Students' perceptions are influenced by the study of the subject at school, the factual media and teachers. They believe that society holds the profession in high esteem but lower than some other professions. These findings suggest that if the profession is to be successful in attracting students who have the skills and attributes to become effective accountants, it must seek to influence students' perceptions of accounting by providing them with a realistic portrayal of the work of an accountant.


1 The closed tracheal system of the aquatic larvae of insects, together with the typical tracheal gill, can only function if the tracheal tubes themselves have sufficient resistance to compression. 2 The work of Ege showed conclusively that the 'air stores' of many aquatic insects can, if they are in communication with the spiracles, function as gills for a limited time. Such bubbles will, however, since they have no resistance to compression, gradually dissolve in the water unless there is opportunity for regular renewal at the surface. The significance of the concept of invasion coefficient is considered in relation to gas‐bubble respiration. 3 The term plastron is restricted to a 'gas store' communicating with the tracheal system and usually in the form of a thin film of constant and negligible volume and large surface area, retained in position by a system of hydrofuge hairs or scales in such a manner that it is not subject to the 'Ege effect' under the normal conditions of its environment, and is therefore not liable to loss by diffusion. Provided there is adequate oxygen in solution in the medium, such a plastron can enable the insect to remain below indefinitely, obtaining all the oxygen it requires from the surrounding water. 4 The structure and biology of Aphelocheirus as a representative plastron insect is described. The plastron hair‐pile appears to be so perfect that an additional pressure of 4–5 atm. is required before the insect is in danger of losing its plastron and becoming wet. The spiracular adaptations which secure communication between the plastron and the tracheal system are described. 5 The theory of plastron respiration as established by a study of Aphelocheirus is outlined. It is shown that in Aphelocheirus it is fully efficient as a respiratory structure and that this method of respiration has here nearly, if not quite, attained theoretical perfection. The resistance of the plastron hair‐pile to wetting is also discussed, and it is shown that this insect appears to have attained a very nearly perfect compromise between the conflicting requirements of a large area of gas‐water interface for diffusion and a minute scale hair‐pile for efficient resistance to water penetration. 6 The development of the plastron hair‐pile in the individual and the first appearance of gas on its surface are described. 7 A survey of plastron respiration in the Coleoptera is given. There are here three main groups in which the method has been elaborated, and while probably none of them presents as efficient an equipment for the purpose as Aphelocheirus there are several which can be regarded as having reached virtual perfection for the particular environments in which they live. It is shown that the plastron insects can be divided conveniently into three groups on the basis of the scale and arrangement of the hair‐pile and the consequent efficiency of the resistance to wetting. A number of the Coleoptera carry, over and above the plastron, a thicker gas layer, the macro‐plastron, held either by longer hairs or by means of a 'fluffing out' of the plastron hairs. Such a macroplastron is unstable and can only be maintained by the grooming or special renewal activities of the insects. It is subject to the 'Ege effect' and thus resembles in respiratory action a gas bubble rather than a plastron. It may, however, constitute an important first line of defence against wetting, and insects which have a macroplastron provide a number of transitional forms between gas‐bubble respiration and true plastron respiration. 8 The distinction is made between 'water‐proofing' and 'rain‐proofing'. 'Waterproofing' implies resistance to water under pressure and this demands a fine‐scale structure of some rigidity under a maximum of solid‐liquid contact. 'Rain‐proofing', on the other hand, implies no pressure of water and requires a more rigid structure of larger scale, the hairs being resistant to matting by lateral surface forces. For such rain‐proofing larger hairs are desirable as giving a minimum solid‐liquid contact. It is possible to trace the development of both types of structure among aquatic and semi‐aquatic insects. 9 Some of the ecological implications of plastron respiration are described. 10 A number of other instances of water‐resistant hair‐piles and felts are considered in relation to the evolution of plastron respiration. In the Hemiptera there appear to be no other forms approaching Aphelocheirus in plastron efficiency. In the Trichoptera and Lepidoptera there are one or two semi‐plastron forms and one moth, Acentropus niveus, which is perhaps a true plastron insect. The parasitic Hymenoptera provide a number of interesting problems in relation to the wetting and water protection of the cuticle. The larva of one aquatic ichneumonid Agriotypus spins a ribbon‐like appendage to the cocoon, which contains air and appears to act as a plastron. The existence of water‐resistant hair‐piles in the remaining groups of the insects and arachnids is briefly surveyed.


This book addresses the evolution of educational beliefs, curriculum, and instructional practices through the last century, with particular attention to the teaching of reading, mathematics, and social studies in the elementary school. Chapter subjects include the role of teachers, students' motivations, measurement, and the linkages between education and society.


In Malaysia there are several pressures to deliver a green technology in building industry. However, most new projects display few green building technology features, explaining the continuous presence of, and increasing problems related to, the environment in Malaysia. Green building industry in Malaysia is one of the main drivers in nation development. The Malaysian government is actively promoting policies to ensure quality and affordable houses to all nations. Thus, this scenario shows that indicator of green building is becoming prominent in Malaysian building industry. This concept was recently introduced in Malaysia; however, there is a lack of interest among industry stakeholders. Indicator of green building is the foundation of the sustainable construction development. Indicator of green building performance is redefining Building practice and Malaysia and is poised for early adoption in recondition of the potential economic and environmental benefits that accrue to it. The review focuses on identifying methods and indicators that can be adopted for the assessment of green potential. It is found that the most suitable indicators can be derived from green building rating tools with some modifications to produce evidence that can be collected and measured. This paper anticipates that apart from filling the gap in knowledge, these findings will assist the government, building industries and managers to strategize their efforts towards achieving building sustainability; based on the review papers are proposed. The primary objective of this paper is to identify the principal factors that affected Malaysian green building technology, and determine their relative importance as perceived. According to the results, the level of indicator of green building performance in Malaysia needs improvement and Based on the Green Building Index (GBI), the government plays the key role in the development of indicator of green building performance in Malaysia. The main barriers are as follows: deficiency of knowledge and skills, lack of specific rules and regulations, lack of awareness and commitment and lack of sustainability elements based on green building rating like GBI.


The present study focuses on characteristics of a liquid sheet resulting from the oblique collision of two power-law fluid jets at low speed. Liquid expands radially from the impact point, forming a bay-leaf-shaped sheet bounded by a thicker rim. A theoretical model for two power-law impinging jets is established. Sheet velocity distribution is deduced through energy conservation during impingement; other sheet features are predicted by solving conservation equations for mass and momentum of the sheet rim where equivalent viscosity is proposed. The predicted sheet shape and rim diameter are compared to experiments, and they share good consistency. Based on the model, the effects of rheological parameters (K and n) on sheet characteristics, such as shape, velocity, and thickness distribution, are discussed.


Target identification problem is one of the core problem of ballistic missile defense system, infrared imaging simulation is an important means of target detection and recognition. This paper,first established the space-based infrared sensors ballistic target imaging model of point source on the planet's atmosphere; then from two aspects of space-based sensors camera parameters and target characteristics simulated atmosphere ballistic target of infrared imaging effect, analyzed the camera line of sight jitter, camera system noise and different imaging effects of wave on the target.


Recently, a portable US imaging system using smart devices is highlighted for enhancing the portability of diagnosis. Especially, the system combination can enhance the user experience during whole US diagnostic procedures by employing the advanced wireless communication technology integrated in a smart device, e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, etc. In this paper, an effective post-phase rotation-based dynamic receive beamforming (PRBF-POST) method is presented for wireless US imaging device integrating US probe system and commercial smart device. In conventional, the frame rate of conventional PRBF (PRBF-CON) method suffers from the large amount of calculations for the bifurcated processing paths of in-phase and quadrature signal components as the number of channel increase. Otherwise, the proposed PRBF-POST method can preserve the frame rate regardless of the number of channels by firstly aggregating the baseband IQ data along the channels whose phase quantization levels are identical ahead of phase rotation and summation procedures on a smart device. To evaluate the performance of the proposed PRBF-POST method, the pointspread functions of PRBF-CON and PRBF-POST methods were compared each other. Also, the frame rate of each PRBF method was measured 20-times to calculate the average frame rate and its standard deviation. As a result, the PRBFCON and PRBF-POST methods indicates identical beamforming performance in the Field-II simulation (correlation coefficient = 1). Also, the proposed PRBF-POST method indicates the consistent frame rate for varying number of channels (i.e., 44.25, 44.32, and 44.35 fps for 16, 64, and 128 channels, respectively), while the PRBF-CON method shows the decrease of frame rate as the number of channel increase (39.73, 13.19, and 3.8 fps). These results indicate that the proposed PRBF-POST method can be more advantageous for implementing the wireless US imaging system than the PRBF-CON method.


This paper presents a SOC based digital subdividing system for orthogonal grating Moirefringes to simplify the complex circuits of traditional electrical subdivision system and to solve the additional error prob- lems.It puts the peripheral circuits into SOC(System on a Chip)and uses software to execute the direction i- dentifying of digital signals,subdividing and real-time counting.The proposed system improves the measure- ment precise and gives a real time display,having advantages such as simple structure,low cost,and low power consumption.


The design of an acoustic telemetry system is presented
and evaluated. We describe the main characteristics of the
communication system, the transmitter and the receiver. The
scheme of the proposed design consists of autonomous sensors
deployed underwater and networked using acoustics to a central
node, which takes advantage of the infrastructure of sea-floor
observatories to deliver data in real-time to a land station. The
central node consists of a piezoelectric ceramic with custom
signal conditioning and processing to demodulate and decode the
data acquired by the distributed elements of the underwater
network.


To improve the titers of porcine circovirus 2(PCV2),PK15 cells were cloned using the limi-ting dilution method and the susceptible cells to PCV2 were selected by indirect immunofluorescence assay.In result,one clone,PK15-B1,could reliably produce PCV2 with high titers was selected from heterogeneous PK15 parental cells.The viral titer could be as high as 107.0TCID50/mL after the PK15-B1 cells inoculated with 100 TCID50 for 3 days.The levels of the viral titer and growth speed in PK15-B1 cells were significantly higher than those in PK15 parental cells.Moreover,the clone cells did not contaminated with porcine circovirus 1,bovine viral diarrhea virus,classical swine fever virus,encephalomyocarditis virus or mycoplasma.The results indicated that the PK15-B1 cell clone is reliably permissive to PCV2 replication and could be used to study the biological characterization of PCV2 and replication of PCV2 in vitro.


The present invention discloses an organic light emitting diode (OLED) is an anode electrode, a highly electropositive anode electrode ITO, ITO layer consisting of a first and a second ITO layer on the first ITO layer composed; wherein, a first ITO the thickness of the anode electrode layer is an ITO thickness of 1 / 3-1 / 2, preferably 1/3; thickness of the second ITO anode layer is an ITO electrode thickness of 1 / 2-2 / 3, preferably 2/3.


To assess objectively measured daytime physical activity and sleep duration and efficiency in hospitalized older adults and explore associations with demographic characteristics and disease severity.


Multilayer insulations which will operate in the 500°C to 1000°C tempera ture range are being considered for possible applications on aerospace vehicles subject to convective and radiative heating during atmospheric entry. The in sulations described in this paper consist of ceramic fabrics, insulations, and metal foils quilted together using ceramic thread. As these types of insulations have highly anisotropic properties, the total heat transfer characteristics of these insulations must be determined. Data are presented on the thermal dif fusivity and thermal conductivity of four types of multilayer insulations and are compared to the baseline Advanced Flexible Reusable Surface Insulation (AFRSI) currently used on the Space Shuttle Orbiter. In addition, the high- temperature properties of the fibers used in these multilayer insulations are discussed. The fibers investigated included silica and three types of alumino borosilicate (ABS). Static tension tests were performed at temperatures up to 1200 ° C and the ultimate strain, tensile strength, and tensile modulus of single fibers were determined.


In today's business world it becomes more and more important for selling organizations to have deeper relations with its customers and especially its key accounts. One tool in working with indu ...


It is just a specific application of historical view of the world of Marxism in the issue of wealth to illustrate the historical changes of people's concept of wealth from the historical development of people's practical activities in creating wealth.People's concept of wealth varies with the changes of practical activities in creating wealth.Overall,the concept of wealth has evolved from useful objects,property,assets and capital to virtual capital.This paper argues that,in essence,wealth is the dialectical unity of useful things,the ability to produce useful things and the rights to use useful things.To research into the historical development process of this concept of wealth will not only help us understand the essence of wealth and the dialectical relationship between the concept of wealth and practice of creating wealth,but also will help us understand the basic logic of the wealth movement in current era so as to set up correct concept of wealth and better guide people's wealth creation practice.


Physiology is a bridge lesson connecting the basic lessons and the clinical practice,which is a theoritical and experimental course,and is also hard to teach and study.The article illuminated how to elevate physiology teaching efficiency from five aspects:giving a brief review before class,having a hand-picked lecture,improve the teaching method,and strengthening the ability culture.More attention was paid to combine the theory and practice so as to enhance the student's creative thinking and increase the experimental ability.


The Coverage Control Technology is one of the basic technologies of wireless sensor network, and is mainly concerned about how to prolong the network lifetime on the basis of meeting users' perception demand. Among this, in the study of area coverage, the set K-cover algorithm is broadly accepted because that it can prolong network lifetime rather well. However, maximum set covers problem is proved to be NP-Complete. At the same time, the existing set K-cover algorithms are centralized, and can not adapt to the large-scale sensor network applications and expansion. So, how to get the maximum coverage set number and realize node set division by distribut ed algorithm is becoming the problem of people attention. Thus, this paper firstly utilizes node minimum layer overlapping subfield to find out area minimum coverage value, as the upper limit of coverage node set's number. On the basis of this maximum, it put forward to way of dividing node set. Secondly, the maximum coverage set number calculated algorithm is proposed. Simulation result shows the distributed algorithm MCNCA is very effective.


Hydraulic fracturing is an indispensable technology for the development of shale oil and shale gas. Knowing the changes in the rock mechanical properties and failure modes during hydraulic fracturing is the key to improving the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing. Based on experiments and simulations, it can be concluded that the injection of fracturing fluid in the hydraulic fracturing caused deformation of the fracture surface, and the rock mechanical properties experienced degradation with a maximum reduction in the rock mechanical properties of 44.24%. As indicated in the experiments, the displacement of the measurement point was decreased with the distance increase between the injection point and the measurement point. According to the numerical simulations, tensile failure is the main failure mode in hydraulic fracturing, but the percentage of shear failure had an obvious increase with the increase in distance between the injection point and the measurement point. Comparing DDS #1 and DDS #5, the DDS #5 measurement point was farther away from the injection point, and the average percentage of shear failure increased from 21.94 to 52.72%. Meanwhile, the increase in the branch fractures also caused shear failure to occur. Comparing Sample 1 and Sample 3, in Sample 3, which had more branch fractures, the average percentage of shear failure increased from 33.12 to 37.58%. Due to the porous medium of the reservoir rock, the enormous pressure generated during the injection of fracturing fluid caused significant deformation of the fracture surface, leading to the tensile failure of the rock. The displacement of the fracture surface caused by the fracturing fluid injection also led to the deformation of the pore throat structure; thus, the shear failure increased when the measurement point was away from the injection point.


Let X be a metric space, M ( X , B ,  ) the space of  –measurable functions,  ℝ 𝑁 be a domain whith boundary  and a(x,  ) be an operator of Leray-Lions type. If  and  are nondecreasing continuous function on ℝ such that  (0) =  (0) = 0 and (f,g)  L 1 ( X , B ,  ), then, there exists a unique entropy solution u in M ( X , B ,  ) to the problem –div[a(., Du)]+ 


Abstract Since the 1990s there has been a dramatic shift in the management of advanced laryngeal cancer. Today chemoradiation is often performed as a primary treatment with "salvage" total laryngec...


The main purposes of this study are to incorporate both the project delay penalty and early completion bonus into the objective function of the resource-constrained multi-project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows (RCMPSP-DCF) and to develop an efficient heuristic search scheduling rule. The effectiveness of the proposed heuristic rule is evaluated by comparing it with the optimal solution obtained by the optimal model for 42 small-scale problems. The result indicates that the solution obtained using the proposed heuristic rule is very close to the optimal solution, and that the proposed heuristic rule provides significant savings in computation time. Moreover, the proposed heuristic rule is also compared with four existing heuristic rules based on an experiment involving the single-project and multi-project scheduling problems. The results indicate that the proposed heuristic rule is superior to the four existing rules under the performance criteria of the average total project net present value and the average total project delay. In addition, the number of times that the proposed heuristic rule can obtain the best solution is also far more than that of any other rule considered in this paper under the two aforementioned performance criteria. Furthermore, this study has found that the performance of a heuristic scheduling rule is significantly affected by the number of projects. A rule that can lower the total project delay to the minimum is also able to maxi5 mize the total project net present value.


ABSTRACT

The Influence of Motivation and Work Discipline Against Employee Productivity in Koperasi Direktorat Jendral Bea dan Cukai Jakarta Timur

This study aims to determine the influence of Motivation and Work Discipline Against Employee Productivity in Koperasi Direktorat Jendral Bea dan Cukai Jakarta Timur. This study used survey method with quantitative approach. Collecting data technique are using interview and questionnaire. Total of the population in Koperasi Direktorat Jendral Bea dan Cukai Jakarta Timur are 40 employees. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression, classic assumption test, and
hypotheses test consisting of t test and F test Based on the results of data analysis found that: 1) There is a partial effect between motivation to productivity, the results of data analysis shown that tcount greater than ttable 4.046> t table (2.024). 2) Work Discipline also a partial influence on the productivity of employees, with the results of data analysis shown that tcount greater than 2,649 ttable> (2.026) 3) There is influence between motivation and discipline to productivity simultaneously, the results of data analysis shown Fcount value greater than F table (18.059> 3.252). There is a positive and significant influence between motivation and work discipline against employee productivity by the multiple correlation coefficient 0.703, which means the research hypothesis is accepted, and the coefficient of determination (R2) of 49.4%.


This wine guide assesses over 1000 Australian and New Zealand wines. Premium red, white, sparkling and fortified wines, plus a selection of casks, are rated for quality and value. The guide features new tips on the availability of wines, explains the new standard drinks labelling, and highlights the best barbecue wines. The book also provides information on food accompaniments, retail prices and discount wines, cellaring potential, decanting, organically grown wines, previous top vintages and production details. Symbols are used to point out organic and preservative-free wines.


The use of ultrafine (~ 3 nm) nanoparticles of 10 mol.% CaO-doped ZrO_2 together with a minimum dwelling time (15 min.) during pressureless sintering yielded high (> 99%)-density ceramic with a unique grain-locking microstructure; no impurity or second phase segregation was observed in the 'locked' regions. Although the normal X-ray diffraction data indicated a phase-pure cubic symmetry for the ceramic, Rietveld analysis confirmed a cubic-phase majority (~ 83%) with minor tetragonal content (~ 17%). The microstructure (homogeneously present on both top and interior of ceramics) for the sintered ceramics contributed in achieving high hardness (~ 14 GPa); obtained hardness and indentation toughness values were also comparable to the previously reported cubic ZrO_2 ceramics (doped with Y_2O_3). Considering the high cost of yttria-doped zirconia systems, the suitability with mechanical properties together with high sintered density for the present system suggests its potential usability at larger scales as an alternative to Y_2O_3-stabilized zirconia ceramics. Graphical abstract


This chapter brings the ancient dichotomy between vita activa and vita contemplativa – a traditional separation between lay life and religious life – to the realm of different states of mind that form the experience of self in contemporary times. Instead of seeing the above dichotomy necessarily within the secular-religious spectrum, I explore it as two pulls within self and, in particular, within a teacher's life. One pull concerns the gravity of day-to-day that William James described as a habitual, half-awake state, very much shaped by external conditions, such as schooling systems in contemporary times. In this half-awake state, self experiences a lack of agency, and is defined by external expectations and standards. The other pull is the elevation toward what Viktor Frankl called meaning and Paul Tillich viewed as ultimate concerns. This pull need not necessarily be conceptualized as religious. It can be secular and/or grounded in agnosticism and merely reflect a sincere wish to lead an agentic, authentic, and meaningful life. This pull can appear in the most prosaic situations within a teacher's life, calling her/him to resist the gravity of half-asleep functioning and survival. Self is, essentially, a site of struggle and reconciliation between these two pulls, experienced as fluctuating states of the embodied mind. This chapter comprises mostly of an existential-phenomenological description of "what it is like to be a self" in the world, exemplified in the case of being a teacher in contemporary times. After describing the two pulls, I will make some suggestions as to the need for teacher education that explicitly caters to the contemplative self through contemplative practices.


Health services in the form of information technology are needed to advance health services. Applications for child development are very necessary during the pandemic because of the limitations of direct visits by health workers to residents' homes, so an android application is needed as a screening method to determine child growth and development so that it can detect developmental delays in children from an early age. This study uses the Denver II test to design an android application to determine the growth and development of children aged 0-5 years. The design of the application system starts with observations and interviews, after which the process of designing and making an offline-based android application programming system is carried out. This application has been tested pretest and posttest on 30 mothers who have children aged 0-5 years. The Wilcoxon test carried out these results with a 0.000 <0.005, so there is a difference between the pretest and posttest knowledge results. The conclusion is that parents can use this application to monitor the growth and development of children aged 0-5 years


Satire is the literary art of diminishing a subject by making it ridiculous and evoking towards its attitudes manner in which the follies and foibles or vices are unmasked by the satirist. The great modern age of satire was the neo-classic period when the satiric spirit was everywhere present and a return was made to formal verse satire. This paper examines how Soyinka has responded to the socio-political and economic situation in Africa by creating A Play of Giants. It also examines how Soyinka, a sensitive playwright, in A Play of Giants mirrors events in the African society in such a daring and imaginative manner by satirizing them. The findings reveal that Soyinka presents his characters as hollow men to show their worthlessness and emptiness despite being at the helms of power. Soyinka reveals the hollowness of the characters exposing their linguistic incompetence. This study identifies some devices technically deployed by Soyinka to include irony, humour, wit, sarcasm and symbolism. Through the use of satire, Soyinka targets African political leaders who have become monsters because of the powers they wield. Wole Soyinka uses satire to raise the consciousness of the people and prick the conscience of the ruling political elite in Africa.


Introduction/Objective. To assess the applicability of serum anti-tissue
 transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies IgA and IgG concentration and HLA DQ2/DQ8
 typing as a non-invasive alternative to duodenal biopsy in diagnosing celiac
 disease in pediatric population. Methods. A prospective cohort study
 included a total of 179 pediatric patients aged 1- 18 years. Determination
 of tTG IgA and tTG IgG antibodies and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/DQ8
 typing was performed for all patients. Histology of duodenal biopsies was
 interpreted by modified Marsh scoring system. Results. Diagnosis of coeliac
 disease (CD) was confirmed in 101 (56%) of the studied population. In cases
 of CD, HLA DQ2/DQ8 was positive in 100 patients (99%). The tTG IgA
 antibodies in concentration higher than 100 U/ml were detected in 77 (76.2%)
 of the CD patients and in significantly smaller number for tTG IgG 29
 (28.7%) (p<0.001). Statistically highly significant association of duodenal
 lesions Marsh grade 3 with concentration of tTG IgA 10-fold higher than
 upper level of normal (ULN) was established (p< 0.001) Conclusion.
 Concentration of tTG IgA 10-fold higher than ULN is in significantly
 positively correlated with Marsh grade 3 histopathology findings. Specific
 antibodies determination in in combination with HLA DQ2/DQ8 typing proves to
 be sufficient for a diagnosis of CD, supporting the fact that duodenal
 biopsy may be avoided in significant majority of patients - 75%.


In the Cloud, for the scheduling of parallel jobs, there are many tasks in a job and those tasks are executed concurrently on different VMs (Visual machines), where each task of the job will be executed synchronously. The goal of scheduling is to reduce the execution time and to keep the fairness between jobs to prevent some jobs from waiting more time than others. We propose a Cloud model which has multiple Clouds, and under this model, jobs are in different lists according to the waiting time of the jobs and every job has different parallelism. At the same time, a new method-ZOMT (the scheduling parallel tasks based on ZERO-ONE scheduling with multiple targets) is proposed to solve the problem of scheduling parallel jobs in the Cloud. Simulations of ZOMT, AFCFS (Adapted First Come First Served), LJFS (Largest Job First Served) and Fair are executed to test the performance of those methods. Metrics about the waiting time, and response time are used to test the performance of ZOMT. The simulation results have shown that ZOMT not only reduces waiting time and response time, but also provides fairness to jobs.


Numerous nutraceutical products containing the powdered or extracted parts of Labisia pumila (Myrsinaceae) have been widely available for years in Malaysia, aimed at women of reproductive age. However, there is scarce of information concerning the effects of this plant on the reproductive function of nulliparous females prior to the present study. The toxicity potential of Labisia pumila var. alata (LPA) on oestrous cycle and reproductive parameters was evaluated in groups of 40 virgin rats. They were administered with LPA at the doses of 0 (control), 20, 200 or 1000 mg/kg/day for duration of three weeks. The results obtained indicated that the administration of LPA at all dose levels did not cause mortality nor show noticeably any treatment-related signs of toxicity on the physical appearance, behaviour and body weight of all the rats studied. The pattern and length of oestrous cyclicity as well as the changes in reproductive hormones were statistically comparable among groups. No indications of abnormalities in the histology of uterus and vagina were observed. However, the presence of ovarian follicular cysts has raised apprehension that requires further investigation. The current findings suggested that oral treatment of LPA were associated with toxicity concerns.


In the article a novel construction of a side-detecting luminescent optical fiber for an UV sensor application has been presented. In the fiber, structure phosphate glass doped with 0.5 mol% Tb3+ ions was used as a UV sensitive core/ribbon. The luminescence spectrum of glass and the optical fiber was measured under UV excitation using a deuterium lamp. It was found that large energy gap between upper (metastable) and lower (ground) levels of terbium ions incorporated in phosphate matrix leads to the effective emission at wavelengths of 489, 543, 586 and 621 nm, which correspond to 5D4 → 7FJ, (J = 3, 4, 5, 6) transitions respectively. Phosphate glass doped with optimal (the strongest VIS emission) concentration of Tb3+ (0.5 mol%) was used as the active core/ribbon in the construction of UV side-detecting optical fiber.


We consider the Kolmorogov–Wiener filter for continuous fractal processes with a power-law structure function. The corresponding filter is used for data forecast; the noiseless case is considered. The aim of the paper is to obtain the weight function for the corresponding filter based on the integral Wiener–Hopf equation. The problem under consideration is important, for example, for traffic forecast in telecommunication systems and for the forecast of the chemical composition of cast iron. An exact analytical solution for the corresponding equation meets difficulties, so an approximate solution is sought in the form of a truncated Chebyshev polynomial expansion. The Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind are used. The behavior of the polynomial solutions for different numbers of polynomials is investigated. The results are compared with the corresponding results of our previous paper where another polynomial set is used. It is found that the corresponding behavior is almost identical for different polynomial sets.


With the continuous development and advancement of computer technology, big data guarantees the establishment of an urban intelligent transportation system, a solid environmental basis to reform its application, and the construction of a deeply integrated data mechanism for big data-driven traffic management. This review paper briefly elaborates on the basic characteristics and sources of traffic big data as well as expound on the problems and application mechanisms of big data in intelligent transportation systems.


This paper describes a new, simple, precise, and accurate HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of Atenolol, Hydrochlorothiazide and Amlodipine Besylate as the bulk drug and in tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation of the drugs was performed on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and the solvent system consisted of chloroform: methanol: acetic acid (8: 2: 0.2 v/v/v). Densitometric evaluation of the separated zones was performed at 232 nm. The three drugs were satisfactorily resolved with RF values 0.22 ± 0.02 and 0.36 ± 0.02, 0.55 ± 0.02 for Atenolol, Hydrochlorothiazide and Amlodipine Besylate, respectively. The accuracy and reliability of the method was assessed by evaluation of linearity (100-600 ng/spot for Atenolol, Hydrochlorothiazide and Amlodipine Besylate), precision (intra-day % RSD was 0.37–1.19 and inter-day % RSD was 0.69–1.11 for Atenolol, intra-day % RSD was 0.49–1.16 and inter-day % RSD was 0.50–1.23 for Hydrochlorothiazide and intra-day % RSD was 0.59–0.84 and inter-day % RSD was 0.60–0.91 for Amlodipine Besylate), accuracy (99.93 ± 0.43 for Atenolol, 99.92 ± 0.72 for Hydrochlorothiazide and 99.87 ± 0.63 for Amlodipine Besylate), and specificity in accordance with ICH guidelines.


The modulation of selectivity of highly reactive carbon radical cross-coupling for the construction of C-C bonds represents a challenging task in organic chemistry. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalyzed radical transformations opened a new avenue for acyl radical cross-coupling chemistry. With this method, highly selective cross-coupling of acyl radical with alkyl radical for efficient construction of C-C bonds were succussfully realized. However, the cross-coupling reaction of acyl radical with vinyl radicals represents an uncharted domain. We herein describe NHCs and photocatalysis co-catalyzed radical 1,4-sulfonylacylation of 1,3-enynes, providing structurally diversified valuable tetrasubstituted allenyl ketones. Mechanistic studies indicated that ketyl radicals are formed from aroyl fluorides via oxidative quenching process of excited photocatalysis, allenyl radicals are generated from chemo specific sulfonyl radical addition to the 1,3-enynes, finally, unprecedented key allenyl and ketyl radical cross-coupling provides tetrasubstituted allenyl ketones.


Based on the damage of natural DNA, a 3-input/4-output logic gate system and other biomacromolecular devices, such as a 2-to-1 encoder, a 1-to-2 decoder and a keypad lock, were developed using simultaneously obtained electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) signals as outputs in the presence of Ru(bpy)3(2+).


This study aimed at examining the attitudes of the college of education lecturers towards the use of VCs for instruction in Ondo State. The objectives were to: (i) examine lecturers' attitude towards the use of VCs, (ii) determine the difference in lecturers' gender on their attitude towards the use of VCs, and (iii) examine lecturers' attitude towards the use of VCs based on years of teaching experience. A self-structured questionnaire with a reliability result of 0.70 was used to collect data from 298 lecturers. Frequency counts, percentages, and mean were used to answer research question 1, and an independent sample t-test was used to test hypotheses 1-2 at a 0.05 level of significance. It was revealed that lecturers had a positive attitude towards the use of VCs, no significant difference in the lecturers' attitude towards the use of VCs based on gender and there was a significant difference between the less experienced and the experienced lecturers' attitudes towards the use of VCs in favor of less experienced lecturers. The study concluded that irrespective of gender, lecturers' attitudes towards the use of VCs do not vary, while there are disparities in the lecturers' years of teaching experiences, this implied that, regardless of the instructors' gender, integrating VCs for education will be a welcome development. While lecturers' attitude is influenced by their years of teaching experience. The study recommended among others that concerned agencies and school management should sensitize, train, and provide an enabling environment.


This 2-page fact sheet is part of the 2019–2020 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by A. W. Schumann, A. Singerman, A. L. Wright, and R. S. Ferrarezi, and published by the Horticultural Sciences Department, March 2019.
CMG19/HS1304: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus under Protective Screen (CUPS) Production Systems (ufl.edu)


For the mixed-effects models with two variance components which is often adopted for analyzing longitudinal data, we establish some necessary and sufficient condition for equality of the analysis of variance estimate and the spectral decomposition estimate of variance components. Thus when this condition is satisfied, both estimates share some statistical properties. Two practical examples satisfying the condition are given.


To confront the challenges facing modern health care, experts and organizations are calling for an increase in physician leadership capabilities. In response to this need, physician leadership programs are proliferating, targeting all levels of experience at all levels of training. Many academic medical centers, major universities, and specialty societies now sponsor physician leadership training programs. To meet this need, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, as part of its Primary Care-Population Medicine (PC-PM) Program, designed a four-year integrated curriculum, Leadership in Health Care, to engage with leadership topics starting early in the preclinical stages of training. This paper describes the design and implementation of this leadership curriculum for PC-PM students.