The study of Biokinetic constants gives the complete pattern of the biological activities in the waste water. The various parameter related to microbial growth are useful in design of treatment plants for batter efficiency. This paper study Biokinetis constant of pulp and paper mill waste water at different pH value and suggest that the acidic range is more harmful comparing to the alkaline pH. The acidic range has shown 29% of growth while alkaline range has shown 59% of increment in active microorganism at the end of 1.2 day. The maximum growth in all ranges of pH was found to be at 7 pH. IndexTerms BOD, COD. pH, Microorganism, Growth-kinetic, Substrate ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


BUILDING A BROTHERHOOD? A TEACHER RESEARCHER'S STUDY OF GENDER CONSTRUCTION AT AN ALL-BOYS CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL Author: Kirstin Pesola McEachern Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Marilyn Cochran-Smith Despite renewed interest in single-sex education, these classrooms remain relatively unstudied, even in Catholic schools, which have a long history of single-sex education. Although there are over 460 single-gendered, Catholic K-12 schools in the United States, which educate roughly 215,000 students (McDonald & Schultz, 2011), these schools are often ignored in educational research. Practitioner research in this area is almost nonexistent, yet it can generate and disseminate insider knowledge that directly improves the educational sites from which it emerges. For the past 11 years, I have taught English at "St. Albert's Preparatory School," an all-boys suburban secondary school serving over 1,100 students in the Northeast. The school regularly speaks of fostering a brotherhood among the students, and I see evidence of this on a daily basis. However, St. Albert's has not always been an easy place to work. My own experience is consistent with research studies that have found all-boys schools to be more sexist environments than all-girls schools (Lee, Marks, & Byrd, 1994) where


The behavior of radioactive recoil atoms (from nuclear reactions with heavy ions on a cyclotron) of niobium, tantalum, hafnium, and other elements, which were retarded in a mixture of vapors of Br/sub 2/ and BBr/sub 3/ and were continuously delivered with this brominating carrier gas to a thermochromatographic column of nickel, was studied. It was found that niobium and tantalum bromides form distinct adsorption zones that coincide in position on the column and differ from the hafnium bromide that is adsorbed at a somewhat higher temperature. The elements that form relatively nonvolatile bromides are entirely deposited at the very initial portion of the gas tract. The time of movement of the niobium atoms from the target to the moment of adsorption of the molecule of the bromide compound on the column proved equal to 0.1 to 0.2 sec. These indices of the method permit its use for experiments studying the properties of nilsbohrium bromide, using the known two-second spontaneously fissioning isotope of element 105.


Jewishness in Russian Culture is devoted to new approaches and methods for the study of Jewish acculturation in Russian literature and its effects. It attempts to redefine criteria and borders of a discipline situated roughly between Judaica Rossica and Rossica Judaica.


Production factors are divided into power factor inputs and non-power factor inputs with the data envelopment analysis method.According to statistics data of 29 provinces in China from 2000 to 2008,the article calculated comprehensive electricity consumption efficiency when all power factors inputs are reduced and pure efficiency of electricity consumption for fixed non-power factor inputs under different economic growth environment.The results are compared and made further convergence test.Based on the above analysis,the article discussed the policy recommendations to improve the electrical energy consumption efficiency.


The production of herbage by five pasture species—Phalaris tuberosa (phalaris), Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Trifolium repens (white clover) and Medicago sativa (lucerne)—was measured when they were grown in the field in monoculture, and by phalaris and white clover when grown in mixture. The plots were irrigated to prevent water deficits, and five levels of nitrogen were included; the mixture was also grown under dryland conditions. All plots were defoliated at intervals during a period of 3 years. A capacitance probe was used in an attempt to determine harvest times more objectively, and to establish long-term relationships between meter readings and components of plant yield. Major differences in production were detected between the species, lucerne producing most in the first 2 years of the experiment. Nitrogen and available soil moisture affected both production and botanical composition, and significant differences were detected in species' responses to applied nitrogen and in nitrogen recovery. The performance of lucerne and tall fescue suggests that both species deserve to be more widely grown on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales.


This article studies the functions of the opposition 'one's own – other's' in the system of characters in M. A. Bulgakov's plays Days of the Turbins, Zoyka's Apartment and Flight. A group of characters is singled out, from whose perspective this opposition is not relevant, not significant. Particular attention is paid to their common features. The conclusion is made that the opposition in question is marked in the problems of Bulgakov's plays of the 1920s.


This article sought to facilitate the optimisation of key performance measures utilised for demand management in air cargo operations. The focus was on the Revenue Management team at Virgin Atlantic Cargo and a fuzzy group decision-making method was used. Utilising intelligent fuzzy multi-criteria methods, the authors generated a ranking order of ten key outcome-based performance indicators for Virgin Atlantic air cargo Revenue Management. The result of this industry-driven study showed that for Air Cargo Revenue Management, 'Network Optimisation' represents a critical outcome-based performance indicator. This collaborative study contributes to existing logistics management literature, especially in the area of Revenue Management, and it seeks to enhance Revenue Management practice. It also provides a platform for Air Cargo operators seeking to improve reliability values for their key performance indicators as a means of enhancing operational monitoring power.


Disclosed is a novel method for determination of ProGRP which is free from problems such as the dispersion in the values of measurements and operational constraints such as handling of a test sample. A method for the determination of a gastrin-releasing peptide precursor or a digest thereofusing at least two different antibodies each of which can recognize a peptide comprising the partial amino acid sequence starting from amino acid residue 40 and ended at amino acid residue 75 in the amino acid sequence depicted in SEQID NO:1; and a method for the determination of a gastrin-releasing peptide precursor and/or a digest thereof using at least two different antibodies each of which can recognize a peptide comprising the partial amino acid sequence starting from amino acid residue 40 and ended at amino acid residue 79 in the amino acid sequence depicted in SEQID NO:1. The methods have Such advantages that a detection sensitivity comparable to that in a conventional determination method can be achieved, that it is easy to handle a sample after the sample is collected, and that a highly reproducible measurements can be obtained.


Adult male bank voles undergo the body and organ regression before winter, and in early spring, they resume the growth and reproductive processes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the seasonal changes of body and organ weight in these animals depend on changes in the number of cells or their size. To study an autumnal regression, wild adult males captured in August were exposed to short photoperiod for 0, 4, and 8 weeks, while to study a spring resumption, overwintered males caught in March were ex- posed to long photoperiod for 0, 1, and 4 weeks. Apoptosis, proliferation, and cell size in the skeletal muscles, liver, and testes were examined. The study revealed that the seasonal changes of testes weight were associated with changes in the number of testicular cells. On the contrary, the changes in size of skeletal myocytes and hepatocytes appeared to be respon- sible for the seasonal changes of body (muscle) and liver weights in these rodents.


In situ hybridisation techniques have been used to determine the distribution of mRNAs for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco: EC 184.108.40.206) and Rubisco activase in leaves of Atriplex patula L. (C3) and A. rosea L. (C4). In A. patula, mRNA for Rubisco small subunit (encoded by the rbcS gene family) was found to accumulate in the mesophyll and bundle sheath, while in A. rosea it accumulated in the bundle sheath only, as shown previously for the C4 monocot Zea mays L. The spatial distribution of rca transcripts for Rubisco activase paralleled that for the rbcS transcripts in both C3 and C4 Atriplex species, providing evidence that Rubisco activase is required in cells only where Rubisco is present.


The new constitutional right – contemporary constitutionalism or neoconstitutionalism – arising after the end of World War II is an undeniable reality of the doctrine. The strengthening and the quest for effectiveness of fundamental rights is one of its main goals. From this ideal, there are various phenomena and institutes, such as the horizontal effect of fundamental rights, which is the production of effects of these rights not only in relations involving the government, but also in relations of individuals. This study aims to verify that the ideals of the neoconstitutionalism, especially the appreciation of fundamental rights in the main figure of the horizontal effectiveness of these rights, have been inserted in the decisions of the Brazilian
courts, specifically the Brazilian Supreme Court, and how this new constitutional motion in judicial decisions can be observed. The answer is sought by analyzing the judgment of the Extraordinary Appeal 201.819-8. As for the approach, the method is deductive, as a part of general concepts about the new constitutional law and the
horizontal effect of fundamental rights, to subsequently verify the presence of these effects in this case. In the background, the method used is mainly the monographic, since it works with a concrete case. Finally, the decision in the case had its majority voted in favor of recognition of the horizontal effect and can be seen clearly in the
arguments used by the Ministers, the acceptance and application of neoconstitutionalism phenomena.


September 1, 2009 The 7th Scandinavian Training Program in Pediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 2009–2010. For further information and to get a contract and registration form, please contact the Chairman of this program; Dr. Tom G. Hansen, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital. DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark. Home page: www.ssai-info E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; tel.: 145 6541 3812


In this short note, we study the gradient estimate of positive solutions to Poisson equation and the non-homogeneous heat equation in a compact Riemannian manifold (M^n,g). Our results extend the gradient estimate for positive harmonic functions and positive solutions to heat equations.


Introduction ............................................................................................. 2439 I. A Preliminary Discussion of the Meaning of "Judicial Discretion" to Admit or Exclude Evidence ...................................... 2441 A. Defining Discretion in the Decision to Admit or Exclude Evidence ...................................................................... 2442 B. Categorical Decisions: The Different Approach of Bright-Line Rules ...................................................................... 2445 C. The Benefits and Costs of Discretion ........................................ 2446 II. The Beginning of Reform: Thayer's Definition of the "Law of Evidence" .................................................................................... 2447 A. Narrowing the Range of Cases that Constitute the "Law of Evidence". ............................................................................. 2448 B. Understanding Evidence Law as the Child of the Jury System ................................................................................ 2449 C. Focusing on the General Principles of Exclusion ..................... 2451 Ill. Thayer's View of Judicial Discretion: The Cure for the General Ills of Evidence Law .......................................................... 2452 IV. The Model Code of Evidence: Morgan v. Wigmore ....................... 2455 A. Two Different Approaches to Reform ....................................... 2455 B. A Catalogue, a Creed, or a Code? ........................... . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. .. 2457 C. Judicial Discretion as Adopted by the Code .............................. 2459 V. Thayer's Modem Incarnation: Judicial Discretion in the Federal Rules of Evidence ............................................................... 2461 A. The Use of Discretion Erodes Categorical Constraints in the Admission of Hearsay ..................................................... 2464


A novel image feature descriptor SCH based on spatial feature was proposed.It used MCVAE algorithm based on the color vector angle and Euclid distance to detect original color image edge,and a new "greatest and smallest component color invariant model" to realize the original image quantization.Furthermore,for the edge pixels,the distribution of the color pairs at an edge was extracted by edge correlation matrix.Meanwhile,for the non-edge pixels,the local color distribution of pixels was extracted by color histogram.Then,a new sin similarity metric was used to measure the similarity between the image features.Finally a content-based image retrieval prototype system called "SttImageRetrieval" was developed with VC,with establishment of a comprehensive database of images called "IMAGEDB" using Oracle 9i database.Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms the methods of color statistical feature for image indexing and retrieval.


The explosion of reductionist approaches at the end of the XXth
century allowed for fast and high-throughput data collection in
pharmaceutical industry, but did not deliver the expected gain in
drug discovery performance. Omics methodologies were able to
provide large amounts of information on one-to-one cause-effect
relationships, but could not explain some of the complex effects in
living organisms and biological systems in general. This Thesis,
performed in the premises of an emerging biotech company,
represents an attempt to explore the impact of an integrative
systems approach to drug discovery. On the one hand, in silico
prediction of drug-target interactions developed at Chemotargets
was applied to the identifcation of cancer-relevant targets, the
design of a biologically diverse chemical library, and the
implementation of a novel methodology for predictive drug safety.
On the other hand, major efforts were devoted to develop and
carefully validate a new approach to anticipating in vivo organ
toxicities from in vitro pharmacological profles and gene expression
datas. This novel methodology was designed to complement and
assist the expert toxicologist by providing insights at the anatomical
level . Last but no least, key contributions have been made to develop
a brand new platform-independent version of the company's flagship
software, CT-link, allowing for easy distribution and
commercialization


The building of large flux collectors for infrared astronomy necessitates the construction of mirrors less precise than those of conventional telescopes (the optical quality is restricted to a value which takes into consideration, in particular, the dimensions of the detector that is used and of the collector itself). We are trying to make mirrors with new designs, light and less costly. With this aim, a prototype of hexagonal element, 98 cm across, of a primary mosaic of a projected collector of large diameter, was built, tested and polished. We give the description of the mirror and details of the making. The weight reduction of the mirror to 70 per cent and the optical quality obtained will allow the effective utilisation of this new mirror.


Early work on the Malaysian polity assumed that as a plural society, Malaysian political culture would be deeply embedded in ethnicity and communalism. Much of the writing on Malaysian politics that followed basically took communal politics as a given. Communalism was seen as a debilitating, negative phenomenon of every ethnic group working for its self-interest or whenever possible, domination of the 'other'. Such a realist perspective of social and political relations was taken even further by theorists of the plural society who began to put the accent on the conflictual elements of the plural society, discarding altogether the pragmatic considerations of mutual gains, and depicting it a recipe for democratic disaster. For writers like these, plural societies were marked by "mutually incompatible" social structures, values and belief systems as well as systems of action at the "cultural core" and thereby, merely a formal diversity in the basic system of compulsory institutions. Then came a genre of studies which looked at Malaysian politics through the lens of consociationalism, which we argue is still an insufficient basis for understanding Malaysian political culture. This paper has stressed the importance of developmentalism growing out of the articulation of a developmental state within a growing, affluent middle class society since the 1980s as a major non-ethnic factor impacting on Malaysian political culture. Developmentalism has affected all ethnic communities and tends to create a quiescent political culture in which people see the state as the guarantor of a modern livelihood and lifestyle. We suggest that despite this overall quiescence an element of activism is demonstrated in the rich data provided by survey research. There is clearly a strong sense of faith and confidence in the capacity of the state, which generally is seen as an interventionist one. When it comes to tenets of politics, we find participant but not necessary sophisticated political actors. Malaysians are generally clearly still on the conservative side when it comes to political activism. Nevertheless, there is a minority that has this orientation (but their numbers remain small) and this same minority sometimes swelling to a majority is highly critical of governmental malpractices. Perhaps this is indicative that "new politics" has taken root in Malaysia. In general, there is a great preference for electoralism among Malaysians over other forms of less formal political participation. Malaysians are also highly nationalistic but at the same time do betray strong ethnic and religious affiliations. Perhaps we could tentatively conclude that Malaysian political culture, from this survey, while shown to be participant, is still deeply embedded in developmentalism and ethnicity.


This article argues for an expanded and more nuanced conception of the figure of the 'perpetrator' than currently exists with respect to human rights. It examines the poetry of the diasporic Chinese-Indonesian writer Li-Young Lee and the postwar history of political violence in postcolonial Indonesia, in relation to the ethical theory of Emmanuel Levinas. By considering how relations of responsibility extend beyond individual agents of violence, to a multitude of beneficiaries, the article provides a model for how diasporic acts of literary imagination grapple with past violence, loss and repression that often remain unaddressed in more official state venues of law and politics.


In this paper we define expansive maps in general topological space (not necessarily metrizable space) and generalize this definition to G-spaces and give some propertie of such maps. Also we study some properties of new type of chaotic maps which we called G-expansive chaotic maps. Keywords : G- Periodic Points, G-Orbits, G-Expansive Maps, G-Expansive Chaos. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA


A process, based on a quantitative systems engineering methodology, is developed and then used to conduct trade studies for NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) Mission. A software tool, which automates this process, was built to rapidly analyze competing system architectures, including the structurally connected (SCI), tethered spacecraft (TSI), and separated spacecraft interferometers (SSI). This tool, the TPF Mission Analysis Software (TMAS), consists of six macro-modules that take the top-level design variables; namely the number, size, and shape of the apertures, orbit of operation, interferometer baseline, and observational wavelength; and outputs a system design that best meets the mission requirements. Each macro-module consists of sub-modules which parametrically design the spacecraft subsystems. This approach provides many advantages, most notably, is the ability to refine the model components as the mission evolves. Ultimately, the designs are evaluated with the Generalized Information Network Analysis (GINA) performance module. GINA, uses the fundamentals of aperture physics, network theory, and accepted cost estimating relationships, to compute the metrics used to compare the architectures the design's capability in each of TPF's operational modes, its cumulative performance in the presence of failures, and lifecycle cost. After TMAS was benchmarked, it was used to evaluate nearly 9000 different mission architectures. On the basis of the costperformance metrics, the relative advantages of the SCI, TSI, and SSI, as well as the toplevel design variables, were identified. The results provide insight into the trade space, which can be used to identify cost-effective architectures worth investigating in the latter design stages for TPF. Thesis Supervisor: Professor David W. Miller Dept. of Aeronautics And Astronautics


As marketing faculty we have focused a good deal of attention on the usefulness of computers in marketing. However, there has been some question about whether students share in our belief about the usefulness of computers. Research conducted in 1989, and reported in 1990, gave some insight into students' perceptions in this regard. The current study compares those results to findings from a comparable 1994 survey of marketing students. This comparison indicates that over the five year period there has been a significant increase in marketing students' perceptions of computer usefulness.


The development of CAID has brought great benefits to Industry Design.To render the effect of a design with software has been a required ability for prospective designers.In the basis of the analysis of current problems in using CAID software,how to enhance students software using ability was discussed in this paper.


New design approach and software package for computer modeling of virtual education laboratory works is proposed. Measurement equipment in virtual laboratory has interface and behaviors which are identical to real devices and allow studying characteristics of UHF devices and elements.


Genetic algorithm (GA), developed by John Holland in the 1970s, is gaining widespread attention throughout the years. In particular, GA is being extensively used in the field of optimization. This paper discusses the utilization of GA in estimating the coefficients and exponents in developing the Nusselt Number correlation in two different heat exchanger geometries, with the aim to reduce the error incurred in predicting heat transfer coefficients and heat transfer rates. With such reduction, for instance, the design of heat exchangers can be more compact, incurring less cost in the process.

In this study, the scope is limited to Nusselt Number correlations in the plain tube concentric heat exchanger and brazed plate heat exchanger. However, the method has general applicability for other types of heat exchangers. To achieve the objective, proper modeling of the problem to suit the form required by GA is important. Then, the knowledge of coding is required so that the GA can be implemented.

Based upon data from the industry, comparisons are drawn with the correlation developed by conventional methods. The GA approach is shown to lower the errors and give greater confidence on the predictive correlations for these cases.


Despite a professionally recognized need for training in religion/spirituality, literature indicates that religious and spirituality issues continue to be inconsistently addressed in counselor education. Ten experts were asked to identify potential barriers to integrating religion and spirituality into counselor education and indicate strategies for overcoming these obstacles. Barriers included a lack of information and a lack of personal interest or relevance, and strategies included continuing education, heightened awareness of self and others, and curriculum-specific recommendations. Implications for counselor training and recommendations for future research are discussed.


The invention discloses a flake film pasting optical current sensor, belongs to the field of optical measuring and aims to solve the problem that the optical current sensor has low suitability and increased cost as the measuring flexibility is improved by relying on the existing mode of increasing the length of optical glass. The flake film pasting optical current sensor comprises a light source, a first polarizing film, a flake film pasting sensor, a second polarizing film and a photoelectric detector; the flake film pasting sensor comprises a first film, transparent substrate glass and a second film; the first film and the second film are respectively attached to two light passing surfaces of the substrate glass; light beams emitted from the light source are transmitted by the first polarizing film to form rear polarized light which is incident to the flake film pasting sensor, the polarized light incident to the flake film pasting sensor passes though the first film, the transparent substrate glass and the second film in sequence, light passing through the second film is incident to the second polarizing film, and the polarized light passing through the second polarizing film is incident to the photoelectric sensor. The flake film pasting optical current sensor is suitable for measuring the current in a magnetic field effect.


Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have drawn increasing concern of environmental health as they are continuously released into the environment. This study examined the effects of birnessite (δ-MnO2) on the transport and retention of five PPCPs in porous media under steady saturated flow conditions. Considering that natural birnessite occurs as discrete particles and small nodules, birnessite-coated sand was used to mimic the natural regime of birnessite in the environment. Batch isotherm experiments were conducted using uncoated and birnessite-coated sand; results showed that the difference in the affinity of the five PPCPs was correlated to their polarity characteristics. Column experiments were conducted by mixing 0, 10, and 20% birnessite-coated sands with the uncoated sands. These three percentages are equivalent to three contents of manganese (Mn) in the experimental columns (0, 55, and 109 μg Mn g−1 sand). Results suggested that polar compounds (such as bisphenol-A, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin) had a higher affinity to birnessite-coated sands than the weak polar compounds (such as ibuprofen and carbamazepine) because the polarity was favorable to electrostatic attraction and oxidative reaction. Overall, birnessite decreased the mobility of polar PPCPs but exerted no significant effect on the mobility of weak polar PPCPs under continuous flow conditions. The polarity-based correlation extended traditional electrostatic theory while well interpreting the complicated effects of birnessite on the adsorption and transport of PPCPs, especially neutral or non-dissociated compounds like carbamazepine.


The administration of 0.3% of Enheptin (2-Amino, 5-Nitrothiazole) in the diet to the laying hens in each period of February and May June soon suppressed egg lay, but the drug had no effect on the release rate of I131 as thyroid hormone thyroid.Molting occurred only in Enheptin-fed hens which completed the preeding molt six months or more before.These results indicate that Enheption had no direct effect on the activation of feather papillae to induce molting, and it is concluded that natural molting in the hen is induced by the decrease in the ovarian activity, together with the senile deterioration of the structure in the feather follicle maintaing the old feathers after about six months from the preceding molting.


The COVID-19 pandemic raises issues about breastfeeding when mothers have tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We don't know whether the virus can be passed to a foetus or baby during pregnancy or delivery and it has not been found in amniotic fluid or breastmilk (1). Separating babies from virus positive mothers make breastfeeding problematic and could prevent possible protection against viruses (2).


The development and construction of a prototype device (food parcel locker), consisting of small cooling and freezing chambers (boxes) ensuring temperature conditions (+5 C or −18 °C), enabling food storage were carried out. The innovative solutions have been introduced in the MainBox device: the appropriate construction of the device (materials, cooling installation), properly functioning systems (control of chillers, security, temperature monitoring), and propane as refrigerant (high energy efficiency, low global warming potential). The risk of explosion has been eliminated by closing of the cooling installation and reducing of propane amount. The refrigeration unit has been adapted to work in external conditions by installing additional elements (pressure switches for compressor protection and for condensing pressure control). In real conditions, the operation of the innovative MainBox food storage device allowing the receipt of food products without having to wait for a supplier was verified. The temperature distribution in all chambers of the cooling and freezing module was investigated using a thermal imaging camera and a temperature monitoring system. The correct operation of MainBox devices was verified during their loading with food products that require specific temperature conditions during storage.


The Study is motivated by the phenomenon of cases originated from the actions of opportunistic earnings management that harm stakeholders. In fact, regulators have advised the adoption of good corporate governance (GCG) to every company, but a satisfactorily result is not yet found. The issue of the study is the agency conflict due to dividend policy that might motivate management to take earnings management action, by considering the organizational culture and GCG that are considered to affect earnings management behavior. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of dividend policy, GCG, and organizational culture on earnings management. This study is a quantitative research approach using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The population of the study is companies listed on the Indonesia Stocks Exchange in the period of 2007 to 2009. Sample selection is conducted using a purposive sampling technique, where the unit of analysis is the firm. The study uses secondary data source of company's financial statements and the primary data sources of organizational culture data collected by distributing questionnaires. Test of the validity and reliability of research questionnaire is performed prior to hypothesis testing. The results of the study conclude that agency theory can explain the phenomenon of agency conflict due to dividend policy. The results show that the agency conflict due to dividend policy has positive effect on earnings management. The main finding of the study is that agency conflict due to dividend policy can be minimized by the existence of GCG and organizational culture, so that opportunistic earnings management can be reduced. Other finding of the study is that GCG negatively affect earnings management, while the organizational culture has no direct effect on earnings management.


The invention discloses a low-cost INS/GPS seamless navigation method based on data compression and a neural network, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle navigation and positioning. The operation stage of a low-cost INS/GPS combined navigation system is divided into a training stage and an error compensation stage, GPS signals are adopted for navigation and neutral network training during the training stage, and the error compensation stage is started if a GPS fails for a long period of time. A multi-dimensioned wavelet analysis method is utilized to filter random white noise in system output information, so position error and speed error learning capabilities of a neutral network are enhanced, and the navigation precision of the system once GPS signals fail for a long period of time (300s) is improved.


This project proposed design of a metamaterial antenna on a substrate which the substrate has bio-material properties. A bio-compatible antenna is designed to be implement inside the human body for future telemedicine applications. The antenna is designed to operate on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) for short range communication system in medical application at a frequency of 8.1 GHz. The metamaterial antenna is designed on four different substrates such as Flame Retardant 4 (FR-4), Teflon, Alumina and PDMS in order to test the antenna performances inside the human body. The configurations are simulated and analyzed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. Simulation results show a better performance in terms of gain, directivity and SAR value of the antenna with proposed metamaterial structure. Based on the four different substrates results, it is shown that the Teflon substrates yields better results than other substrates in free space and homogeneous human arm model. The SAR value was reduced from 5.68 W/Kg to 2.91W/Kg when antenna implemented with metamaterial structure. The UWB antenna with proposed metamaterial structure is verified fabrication and validation of antenna performance in the laboratory. The antenna used FR4 as substrate due to limitation of materials, time and cost. The results of return loss for an antenna with metamaterial during simulation operates at 8.1GHz with -64.36 dB while in measurement it operates at 8.5GHz with -25.72 dB. Both results from simulation and measurement shows that the antenna with metamaterial structure has better performance compared to conventional antenna.


Classical Electromagnetic Fields.- Classical Nonlinear Optics.- Quantum Mechanical Background.- Mixtures and the Density Operator.- CW Field Interactions.- Mechanical Effects of Light.- to Laser Theory.- Optical Bistability.- Saturation Spectroscopy.- Three and Four Wave Mixing.- Time-Varying Phenomena in Cavities.- Coherent Transients.- Field Quantization.- Interaction Between Atoms and Quantized Fields.- System-Reservoir Interactions.- Resonance Fluorescence.- Squeezed States of Light.- Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics.- Quantum Theory of a Laser.- Entanglement, Bell Inequalities and Quantum Information.


A sensitive staining method for protein blots using Direct Blue 71 is described. It is based on the selective binding of dye molecules to proteins in acidic solution and produces bluish violet colored bands. It is a simple and rapid procedure, involving only staining and rinsing steps that occur within 7 min. The sensitivity of this method is 5—10 ng of protein on nitrocellulose (NC) and 10—20 ng on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), which is tenfold better than that of the commonly used Ponceau S staining. Moreover, the staining is reversible for subsequent immunostaining, without impairing immunoreactivity. To remove the dye from the developed bands, changes in pH and hydrophobicity of the solvent are required. Due to its sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity, and low cost, this stain may be more practical than other dye‐based stains or metal‐based stains for routine laboratory purposes.


Krashen's Monitor Model has enjoyed considerable prominence in second language re- search and teaching.To improve the effect of teaching reading in English major,based on the theory of"input hypothesis",teachers should apply helpful reading skills,make use of proper reading materials, and try to lower the"affective filter".


Developing computing applications that can match a set of evolving requirements requires an understanding of the conceptual fitness of these applications relative to the domains they purport to serve. We present the computing ecosystem framework with its associated concepts, use niches, use potential, and activation potential. We show how the ecosystem framework allows us to characterize the usefulness of an application through the concept of fitness. We propose a method for measuring the fitness of an application using a metric called ontological coverage.
 We first use a technique called ontological excavation that identifies the user-visible concepts from applications and models them in an ontology. We then use a set of use cases to develop a use case silhouette on the ontology that allows us to measure the ontological coverage of an application as an initial approximation of fitness to a use niche. We present some examples from case studies showing how use case silhouettes can be used to measure the fitness of an application and conclude with some proposals for future work.


Background: Medicinal plants are widely used throughout the world. Since these plants are known to have minimal side effects, many people embrace them. This study aims to investigate the antifungal effects of the extracts of the plants against Candida albicans . Methods: The extracts of Echinophora platyloba , Peganum harmala , Heracleum persicum and Rosmarinus officinalis were prepared using a rotary device. The inhibitory concentration against Candida albicans was determined using incubation in media. Results: The results show that highest MIC of R. officinalis against C. albicans was 100 ppm and low MIC was 12.5 ppm against C. albicans (Table 1) and the highest MIC of E. platyloba against C. albicans was 150 ppm and low MIC was 12.5 ppm against C. albicans . The results of this study showed that by increasing the concentration of plant extracts inhibited by the fungus has also been increased. Futhermore, Heracleum persicum extract concentration inhibited growth of fungal ppm 25 while Peganum harmala extract concentration inhibited growth ppm 50. Conclusions: The results showed good antifungal activity Peganum harmala , Echinophora platyloba , Rosmarinus officinalis and Heracleum persicum has expressed Feb plants can be used to treat infections caused by these.


In this study we compared the virulence and genetic sequence of  four BVDV strains to each other, and to strains isolated in North America from 1989 to 1996.


A new theoretical model is proposed for the definition of social structure and processes of change of the Castro Culture societies. It is based on current anthropological approaches to 'agrarian segmentary societies' and implies the revision of the aristocratic models that now dominate research on the European Iron Age.


The action of 43 % sulphuric acid on methylchavicol

has afforded metanethole, m.p. 135°, along with a mixture of substances, which can be shown to contain in all probability isoanethole and from which two products melting at 76.5° and 94°, respectively, could be isolated. The structures of these two products has been determined.


It is worthy for having a comparison between urban renewal in the United States from the 1950s to 1960s and inner-city redevelopment in China since the late 1980s.It finds that both programs use government authority and subsidies to make large-scale private or quasi-private investment attractive in the name of ameliorating living conditions.Despite the similarities,America's urban renewal was an program in which the local government and downtown business interests cooperated to boost declining inner-cities that were competing with burgeoning suburbs.In contrast,China's redevelopment has been propelled by emerging local elites using decentralized state power to pursue fast growth in rising real estate markets.


In order to improve the decreasing resolution ability of Propagator Method (PM) algorithm under the environments like low signal noise ratio and small number of snapshots, a new weighted projection PM algorithm is proposed in this paper. This algorithm orthogonalizes noise subspace to get a new one, gains the signal subspace with the relationship between it and noise subspace, and weights the signal subspace and noise subspace with values gained by projecting integral value of steering vector in the field around the signals to each element of subspace. Simulation results show that the proposed method can keep computation simple, and also can decrease signal noise ratio threshold and snapshots threshold, so it has the better resolution ability and higher precision in snapshot deficient and low signal noise ratio scenario.


endothelial nitric oxide synthase decreases portal pressure in anaesthetised carbon tetrachloride cirrhotic rats. Gut 2002;51:440–5. 31. Shah V, Chen AF, Cao S, et al. Gene transfer of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase to liver in vivo and in vitro. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000;279:G1023–30. 32. Yu Q, Shao R, Qian HS, et al. Gene transfer of the neuronal NO synthase isoform to cirrhotic rat liver ameliorates portal hypertension. J Clin Invest 2000;105:741–8. 33. Morales-Ruiz M, Cejudo-Martin P, Fernandez-Varo G, et al. Transduction of the liver with activated Akt normalizes portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. Gastroenterology 2003;125:522–31. 34. Fiorucci S, Antonelli E, Morelli O, et al. NCX-1000, a NO-releasing derivative of ursodeoxycholic acid, selectively delivers NO to the liver and protects against development of portal hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:8897–902. 35. Loureiro-Silva MR, Cadelina GW, Iwakiri Y, et al. A liver-specific nitric oxide donor improves the intra-hepatic vascular response to both portal blood flow increase and methoxamine in cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol 2003;39:940–6. 36. Zafra C, Abraldes JG, Turnes J, et al. Simvastatin enhances hepatic nitric oxide production and decreases the hepatic vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2004;126:749–55. 37. Fujimoto J, Kaneda Y. Reversing liver cirrhosis: impact of gene therapy for liver cirrhosis. Gene Ther 1999;6:305–6. 38. Omar BA, Flores SC, McCord JM. Superoxide dismutase: pharmacological developments and applications. Adv Pharmacol 1992;23:109–61. 39. Kmiec Z. Cooperation of liver cells in health and disease. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 2001;161:III–XIII, 1–151. 40. Rodriguez-Martinez MA, Garcia-Cohen EC, Baena AB, et al. Contractile responses elicited by hydrogen peroxide in aorta from normotensive and hypertensive rats. Endothelial modulation and mechanism involved. Br J Pharmacol 1998;125:1329–35. 41. Higashi T, Peters T Jr. Studies on rat liver catalase. i. combined immunochemical and enzymatic determination of catalase in liver cell fractions. J Biol Chem 1963;238:3945–51. 42. Van de Casteele M, Hosli M, Sagesser H, et al. Intraportal administration of glyceryl trinitrate or nitroprusside exerts more systemic than intrahepatic effects in anaesthetised cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol 1999;31:300–5. 43. Drazan KE, Csete ME, Da S X, et al. Hepatic function is preserved following liverdirected, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. J Surg Res 1995;59:299–304. 44. Yu Q, Que LG, Rockey DC. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to nonparenchymal cells in normal and injured liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002;282:G565–72. 45. Nakamura T, Akiyoshi H, Saito I, et al. Adenovirus-mediated gene expression in the septal cells of cirrhotic rat livers. J Hepatol 1999;30:101–6. 46. Garcia-Banuelos J, Siller-Lopez F, Miranda A, et al. Cirrhotic rat livers with extensive fibrosis can be safely transduced with clinical-grade adenoviral vectors. Evidence of cirrhosis reversion. Gene Ther 2002;9:127–34. 47. Pizcueta MP, de Lacy AM, Kravetz D, et al. Propranolol decreases portal pressure without changing portocollateral resistance in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 1989;10:953–7.


The flow physics of high solidity vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) is influenced by the dynamic stall effects. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of airfoil thickness on the unsteady characteristics of high solidity VAWTs. Seven different national advisory committee for aeronautics (NACA) airfoils (0008, 0012, 0018, 0021, 0025, 0030, 0040) are investigated. A high fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is used to examine the load and flow characteristics in detail. Before the study is undertaken, the CFD simulation is validated with experimental data as well as large eddy simulation results with sound agreement. The investigation demonstrates that increasing the airfoil thickness is actually beneficial not only for suppressing the dynamic stall effects but also to improve the performance of high solidity turbines. Interestingly this is accompanied by a slight reduction in thrust component. The strength and radius of the dynamic stall vortex decrease with increasing airfoil thickness. The airfoil thickness strongly influences the pressure distributions during dynamic stall process, which is driven by the suction peak near the leading edge. The knowledge gained might be used by blade engineers for designing future turbines and for improving the accuracy of engineering models.


Data hiding is the method of embedding confidential information into a set of host data such as photograph, television signal or any other identity card Reversible data hiding in images is a technique, by which the original cover can be losslessly recovered after the embedded message is extracted. To ensure security, we propose a novel method in which the marked encrypted image is embedded on a cloak image.


Providing an implant installed in damaging or destroying tissue site. The implant substitute tissue structure (2), and includes an annular anchoring element for fixing in a groove formed in the bone substitute tissue structure at the site of implantation or near the (3). At least a portion of the annular anchoring element is bonded to the surface of the surrogate tissue structures.


The invention belongs to hot melt adhesive, and in particular to hot melt adhesive with the characteristics of strong adhesive force, high drying speed, small consumption, good heat stability, aging resistance, acid and alkali resistance, no pollution and adaptability to the production and packaging requirement of a high-speed automatic production line and a preparation method of the hot melt adhesive. The hot melt adhesive comprises following raw materials in part by weight: 25 to 33 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 18 to 22 parts of sasol synthesized wax, 45 to 55 parts of tackifying resin, 3 to 5 parts of plasticizer and 0.3 to 1.5 parts of anti-aging agent 1010. The hot melt adhesive has the advantages of strong adhesion force, high drying speed, small consumption, good heat stability, aging resistance, acid and alkali resistance, no pollution and adaptability to the production and packaging requirement of a high-speed automatic production line.


To the Greeks they were tears of the gods; to the Romans they were shards from the stars; and to Indians they were good-luck charms that warded off illness, thieves and forces of evil. Today, diamonds are still the ultimate gift when it comes to expressing love and commitment. And with the oldest diamonds being just over three-quarters the age of the Earth, the famous advertising slogan "A diamond is forever" holds true more than most.


SUMMARY Despite previous research on mycorrhizal association with plants, the data on associations with coffee (Coffea species) are very sparse despite the great economic importance of this crop for many tropical developing countries. The present paper reviews the main aspects of the association between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and coffee plants. This review includes topics on mycorrhizal effects on coffee nutritional status, pathogen–AMF interactions and responses to several environmental stresses. It also summarizes findings about the natural occurrence of AMF in different soils in which coffee is cultivated, some ecological aspects of this specific association and outlines trends for future investigations, which must elucidate the real benefits of mycorrhizae to coffee plants.


Background. The subjective sense of quality of life can be defined as the level of satisfaction of the individual within 4 areas of mental functioning: psychophysical, psychosocial, subjective and metaphysical. Awareness in Piel. Zdr. Publ. 2016, 6, 3, 229–240 DOI: 10.17219/pzp/60913 PRACE ORYGINALNE © Copyright by Wroclaw Medical University


This study examined the factors of learning behaviors in digital-learning-material reader that predict university students' productive participation identified by social presence indicators in online collaborative learning. Data were collected from 76 Frist-year university students, including learning behaviors in digital learning-material readers, and frequency of each social presence indicator classified by coding discussion scripts with automated text classification. The results of the stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the learning behavior of drawing red markers, highlighting important content predicts social presence. Furthermore, the study's findings showed that different learning behaviors predict different social presence indicators, which are related to metacognition and critical thinking.


In this paper,using pyrogallic acid as the template,acrylic acid as the functional monomer,and methanol as the solvent,the molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared for the pyrogallic acid separation and enrichment to remove the pyrogallic acid in the industrial sewage.The combination ratio of template molecule and functional monomer was studied.The results show that the pyrogallic acid combined with acrylic acid can be obtained by hydrogen bonding with 1∶1 of the combination ratio.The molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres of pyrogallic acid are prepared by precipitation polymerization.The static adsorption experiment indicates that when the molar ratio of template molecule,functional monomer and crosslinker is 1∶4∶20,the molecularly imprinted polymer with high adsorption quantity and high selectivity could be prepared.By constant temperature shaking,the adsorption characteristics of polymer are analyzed by adsorption equilibrium and Scatchard.The results show that there are two kinds of adsorption sites in the polymer.Their maximum apparent adsorption amounts are 7.5516 μg/mg and 11.9225 μg/mg,and the balance dissociation constants are 9.2720×10-3 mmol/L and 0.1892 mmol/L,respectively.


A dominant interpretation of Carl Schmitt's work depicts him as a theologically inspired and anti-humanist thinker. This article argues, however, that his concept of the political, founded on a plea for relative instead of absolute enmity, takes Schmitt away from theology onto a profane level, where enemies recognize each other as human beings. Although Schmitt states that whoever invokes the concept of humanity wants to deceive, one can trace in his work a distinction between two concepts of humanity, which gives a philosophical foundation for the distinction between relative and absolute enmity, and, thus, for the political. It is at the basis of a minimally normative understanding of the political which can be of great interest for contemporary debates on the contemporary world order.


The investigation showed that red core wood of poplars was the result of the physiological action of trees that played a key role and the infection by bacterium and fungus by investigating in the forest field.By separating,inoculating pathogens and control test in both laboratory and field,core stain should occur if only poplars were damaged.It should aggravate core stain if poplars were inoculated by relative fungus and bacterium in cut.The result of chemical prevention tests was not very effective.


Measurements of major, trace elements and Nd isotope were made and discussed on the tectono-stratigraphic slices from the northern margin in the Dabie orogen (northern Huaiyang area) to test the relation between sedimentary source and Paleozoic tectonic evolution. The results show that there were similar provenances in the clastic rocks from the Guishan Formation, Nanwan Formation, Foziling Group and the Carboniferous slices from the early Paleozoic to the Devonian, and to the Carboniferous, to correspond to the Paleoproterozoic Qinling Group and its recycled sediments in the North Qinling belt. The geochemical records of changing component maturity and source erosion indicated that the three slices presented three passages of tectonic intervals during the Paleozoic reaction between the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton: "late subduction-approach-collision eve", which had occurred in the active continental margin. This study demonstrates that the Paleozoic tectonic settings and changing processes for sedimentation in the different slices from the northern margin in the Dabie orogen are analogous to that in the south of the North Qinling belt, and the northern margin in the Dabie orogen should be the eastern extension of the North Qinling belt.


Trimming is a standard method to decrease the effect of large sample elements in statistical procedures, used, e.g., for constructing robust estimators. It is also a powerful tool in understanding deeper properties of partial sums of independent random variables. In this paper we review some basic results of the theory and discuss new results in the central limit theory of trimmed sums. In particular, we show that for random variables in the domain of attraction of a stable law with parameter 0 < α < 2, the asymptotic behavior of modulus trimmed sums depends sensitively on the number of elements eliminated from the sample. We also show that under moderate trimming, the central limit theorem always holds if we allow random centering factors. Finally, we give an application to change point problems.


The paper describes how a comprehensive range of indoor air-insulated switchgear, for ratings of 20kA to 50kA and up to 15 kV, was produced having enhanced performance, over and above that required by IEC 56, with full internal arc protection and small dimensions, incorporating many common components over the range to meet the emerging diversity of demands arising out of changes that are taking place within the market place.


Blak Douglas (aka Adam Hill) and Adam Geczy might seem like an unlikely collaborative duo: Blak Douglas, an Aboriginal artist with family ties to the Kempsey area (north coast New South Wales) who grew up in Sydney's more working-class Western Sydney; and Geczy, the art school senior lecturer (at his alma mater, Sydney College of the Arts, University of Sydney) and prolific author with Hungarian/Romanian and Anglo-Australian heritage, and from a middle-class Sydney upbringing. Blak Douglas is more the free-spirited 'dandy': Aboriginal curator Djon Mundine's recent exhibition, Beauty, Vanity and Narcissism (2011), set up this very notion. Here, Blak Douglas was one of three Aboriginal male artists (along with Christian Thompson and Gary Lee) in a photography-based exhibition, singled out by Mundine as having 'much to be vain about: they are good-looking, stylish, intelligent, prescient and confident enough to wear my jibes'. Geczy is certainly not without style: his recent Berg publications on fashion and queer aesthetics would suggest he knows a thing or two about it, as a personal and socio-political gesture, but for him it is something worn less on his own sleeve, so to speak, as an artist or otherwise.


The piece responds to critics of Scheuerman's END OF LAW: CARL SCHMIT IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. Despite our disagreements, the book's critics and I share the view that Schmitt speaks to our times, albeit in deeply troubling ways. Precisely how and why Schmitt remains pertinent, however, remains a matter of dispute. Inspired by the un-Schmittian hope that deliberation might buttress our common quest to overcome democracy's present crisis, my response endeavours to identify those disagreements. Though I am unable to address all of them satisfactorily, my aim is to advance our conversation. Most important, the critics and I disagree somewhat about how best to understand Schmitt's relationship to contemporary authoritarian populism.


Adsorptions of several lithium alkyl (vinylene, divinylene, ethylene, and propylene) dicarbonates on the surface of hydrogen-truncated carbon clusters (C54H18, C78H20, and C96H32) are investigated using density functional theory. Lithium alkyl dicarbonates resulting from the reductive decomposition of the respective organic carbonates can be adsorbed on the graphite surface mainly through O···Li+···π (arene) interactions, yielding structures with Li+ oriented toward the hexane ring center. The adsorption energies of lithium vinylene dicarbonate (LVD), lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LED), and lithium propylene dicarbonate (LPD) on the basal plane of neutral as well as negatively charged C54H18, and on the edge plane of the negatively charged C78H22, agree within 4.0 kcal/mol, e.g., they are −34.67, −37.40/−35.17 and −38.05 kcal/mol on the basal plane of the negatively charged C54H18, respectively; however, the distances from both the carbonyl carbons and alkyl carbons to the nearest graphite carbon clearly ...


This study of 65 supervisees and 64 supervisors addresses current issues in social work supervision through exploring various models of structure, authority, and teaching that were perceived to be in use. Significant differences in level of interaction, supervision and job satisfaction, and sense of accomplishment were found as the source of the supervisors' authority varied, but no differences occurred in variations of structure. Incongruence between supervisees' and supervisors' perceptions of actual and preferred structure, authority, conference frequency and initiation, and content in supervision demonstrates the need for exploration of autonomy in practice and control in supervision.


Hendra Anang Fauzi, 2017, NIT. 50134968.T, "Response of Priority Decreased Vacuum in the Main Condenser for Main Steam Turbine on LNG/C Golar Mazo with USG Method", Program D IV, Semarang Merchant Marine Polytechnic, lecture (1) Abdi Seno, M.Si., M.Mar.E, (2) Budi Joko Raharjo, M M.
Steam turbine is the started propulsion are changed potential energy to kinetic energy and the kinetic energy to be changed mechanical energy on the rotation of turbine axis. The simple of steam turbine instalation contains of main component, there are main boiler for produced mechanical energy to be rotate of turbine axis, condenser for make condensation the exhaust steam from turbine to be water condensat, and feed water pump for filling the water condensat to the main boiler. Decreased vacuum can be make main steam system disturbed and can be failed (auto slow down) on main turbine. And this situation can be overcome with routine maintenance on the steam instalation system. This research used qualitative descriptive method with USG for determine the priority problem. The phenomenon that is taken is about the decrease of vacuum in the main condenser that greatly affect to perfomance of main turbine. And then to be determined problem caused about factor make decreased vacuum performance on main turbine, what is the effect from the factors, and priority for prevent decreased vacuum of main turbine. From the results of the research concluded that the vacuum decrease in the main condenser caused leakage on steam instalation and vacuum pump performance is not optimal. From this factors has impacts leakage on steam instalation making decrease of vacuum and air inside of main condenser can not maximum sucked. Main condenser is very important on vessel, there are completion are checked of steam pipe connection, maintenance and make clean of the gland steam exhaust fan, make routine job for maintenance, and then changed pump every month.
Keywords : Influence, Vacuum, Condenser, Steam, Turbine


FIELD: agriculture, more particularly fungicides. SUBSTANCE: present invention describes cyclic amides, agriculturally acceptable salts and compositions based thereon. Said compounds are represented by general formula I:


The adjacent channel interference (ACI) resulting from imperfect filtering can severely degrade the performance of any wireless communication system. Despite this fact, most of previously proposed medium access control (MAC) protocols for cognitive radio networks (CRNs) were designed while ignoring the effects of ACI (assuming ideal filtering). The effect of ACI can be reduced by introducing guard bands (GBs). However, this solution comes at the expense of degrading spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we develop an efficient GB-aware MAC protocol that attempts at maximizing network throughput while improving fairness in CRNs. Unlike most of previously proposed GB-aware MAC protocols that perform channel assignment sequentially, our MAC performs the channel assignment for multiple CR links simultaneously (the so-called batch method). Batching enables concurrent channel assignment for multiple CR links, which consequently allows for concurrent data transmissions. Batching can be realized by introducing an admission control phase for CR users to share their control information. The batch method can effectively provide distributed decisions that achieve better throughput while reducing the number of GBs. Our MAC also allows the CR users to utilize the reserved GBs of primary networks under predefined FCC power constraints. Simulation results indicate that our protocol achieves significant performance improvement compared to previous GB-aware protocols.


Jatropha tanjorensis Ellis and Saroja, an interspecific hybrid of Jatropha species is abundant in Tiruchirapalli and Thanjavur districts of Tamilnadu. Plant material for the study was collected near Thanjavur and authenticated using herbarium specimen deposited at Raphinet Herbarium (RHT 1291) St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirapalli. This plant drug is studied from pharmacognostic and nutraceutical point of view. It finds use as an edible vegetable and for the treatment of diabetes in Nigeria. Fresh sections of the leaves were taken double stained, its micromorphological standards determined and chemomicroscopic profiles evaluated. Nutraceutical values were also estimated as per standard textual procedures. Determination of botanical characteristics of the leaves will help deciding the genuineness of drug. Besides, its antimicrobial potentials were evaluated against selected microorganisms. Microbiological screening revealed encouraging results. The data obtained on nutraceutical values were also interesting, suggesting that this leafy vegetable could be a good herbal dietary supplement particularly to diabetic and hypertensive patients. An indepth studies, certainly may lead to the development of an ecofriendly cost effective anti microbial drug from this plant drug source.


The three-dimensional Flipped Classroom teaching website can be constructed by the innovating of the theory and practice as well as the teacher's improvement of the way to teach.Combining the digitization with the heuristic teaching and in virtue of the multimedia courseware,the classroom teaching can be deepened.This article also raise the TBP teaching mode,and build a concept based on the harmonious unification of teaching researching and learning and the training of the students' creative ability. The Flipped Classroom raised by Jon Bergmann and Jon Bergmann was start to try out in part of the U.S which got the prominent effects.However,these research did not analyze the essence of the Flipped Classroom deeply but only stopped in the way to carry out. Therefore,Professor Robert Talbert took some experiments during his teaching time and has got good effects. He has summarized the teaching model of the Flipped Classroom according to the several-year experience.Although the model summarized the main process,it ignored the other important facts which can influence the Flipped Classroom.Thus,the Flipped Classroom need to be improved further especially in the lessons of information technology. When referring to the construction of the lessons' innovation, the teachers are meant to pay attention to how to impart the knowledge to students based on mastering the theoretical lessons as the 《Principles of Computer Composition》is a professional and less-well understood course. Traditional ways for teaching mainly focus on the teachers,and the students have to take lessons passively.As the less teaching period ,the stronger theoretical property ,the wider scope of knowledge,the more contents and the faster speed of updating of the《Principles of Computer Composition》 increase the difficulty of teachers and students,how to realize the harmonious unification between teaching and learning becomes to be a difficulty for all the educators.The authors has accumulated some experience during the eight-year teaching and practicing.Here are


Product development is a process of uncertainties and mistakes, resulting in problems and rework. A key issue, when it comes to avoiding unnecessary rework, is the ability to evaluate intermediate steps during the development process in order to make sure that design decisions taken are feasible and will not cause downstream problems leading to backwards iteration loops during the process. Of outmost importance is the result from the concept design phase, as the selection of non-robust, non-feasible design concepts most certainly will result in a lot of downstream problems. This work therefore aims to contribute to the development of new models and procedures for analysis of potential conflicts in early system design concepts, within the framework of an integrated product life cycle model. Analyses referred to in this work are analyses on system concepts during the system configuration design stage, when the information about the different items constituting the system to be is very limited. Target specification information such as over-all required functional system behavior and over-all system constraints are known, but descriptions of solutions fulfilling these are not. The relation structure in a function-means tree model is used as a base for a conflict analysis procedure. Sub-solution interactions, modeled by the relation structure in the functions-means tree, have been used to identify functional couplings, in the sense of axiomatic design. The idea has then been to use the degree and character of these couplings to identify and characterize conflicts within the product system. The results of the work so far show that relation structure based analysis is a feasible way to identify potential system conflicts in early conceptual and configuration design. As the system models grow, they however soon become hard to handle without computer support.


A dynamic model was developed to simulate the interaction between the suspension lift-tab and the ramp of a one-inch load/unload drive by considering the contact and separation states. The indentation depth, bouncing distance, contact force and fractional contact time, which are closely related to the wear and material transfer at the interface, were studied with consideration of the ramp angle, the lateral velocity, and the elastic properties of the ramp.


Because of the increasing number of car accidents, it is very important to provide safety systems for car drivers. In this paper, we propose a method for synthesizing virtual blind corner images by using multiple vehicle cameras, so that drivers can see the other side of the blind corner. The existing methods require position sensors such as GPS and calibrated cameras. In this paper we propose a method for generating virtual views of blind corners from uncalibrated cameras mounted on multiple vehicles. The proposed method is tested by using real vehicles. The accuracy and the stability of the proposed method is also evaluated.


A Simulation model is developed to minimize the path tracking errors when the non-circular cutting is done by a VCM(voice coil motor) driven tool. The relationship between PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) duty ratio and velocity of voice coil motor is theoretically derived from combining the circuit equation for the coils and the motion equation for the magnetic rod of the voice coil motor. The path tracking errors are showed differently according to the rotational speed, the number of segments and the control period in digital control. Given a required accuracy in the non-circular cutting, the optimal values for those parameters are determined based on the developed simulation model.


A method for matching the motor speed range, comprising the steps of: measuring the amount embodiment of the duration of the predetermined number of measurements, the measurement indicative of the amount of the electromotive force of the motor; determined in said predetermined the number of measurements taken over the time duration (Zsum); and a maximum permissible speed (Nmax of) matches the motor in accordance with the determined number of measurements (Zsum).


To lock and track the target quickly, a novel fast target tracking algorithm is proposed, which combines adaptive scale Harris corner detection target, SIFT adaptive matching target and particle filter algorithm. This algorithm can extract highly discriminant features of the target adaptively, and make the feature pair rotate and scale zoom. The brightness change can keep invariance, and maintain a certain degree of stability for affine transformation, angle change and noise. It can also recognize targets well in the case of confusion and occlusion. The simulation results show that the algorithm can still accurately identify and track targets under multiple external disturbances, and has certain application value.


Chronic liver disease is a common comorbidity in surgery. To assess post‐operative morbidity and mortality in relation to progression of chronic liver disease and to identify the risk factors.


Women aged less than 40 have higher docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) status and convert more 18:3n-3 to longer chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than men. Female rats also have higher liver and plasma phospholipid 22:6n-3 status than males. Greater PUFA biosynthesis in women involves increased conversion of 22:5n-3 to 22:6n-3, and female sex hormones have been shown to increase plasma 22:6n-3 concentration and to up-regulate 22:6n-3, although the precise mechanism remains unclear. It is not known when in the life course the sexual divergence in 22:6n-3 status and PUFA biosynthesis is induced. We hypothesised that puberty is the key period in which capacity for 22:6n-3 synthesis and status increases in females. To test this, we compared the liver fatty acid composition of juvenile and adult male and female rats. Pregnant and lactating Wistar rats were fed a semi-purified diet (AIN93G) throughout gestation. Offspring were either weaned on postnatal d28 onto AIN93M or killed on postnatal d70 (n 7 males or females per age group, one male or female per litter). Livers were collected, snap frozen and the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) was measured by gas chromatography. There was a significant interaction effect of age*sex on the proportion of 18:3n-3 (P = 0.027) and 20:5n-3 (P = 0.009) in liver PC such that the proportions of these fatty acids were higher in d28 females and in d70 males and females compared to d28 males (Figs. 1 and 2). There was a significant effect of age (P<0.001), but not sex, on proportion of 22:5n-3 in liver PC such that it was lower d70 liver compared to d28 (Fig. 3). There was a significant age*sex interaction (P = 0.001) on proportion of 22:6n-3 in liver PC. The proportion of 22:6n-3 was significantly greater at d28 compared to d70 irrespective of sex. The proportion of 22:6n-3 in liver PC was higher in adult females than males, but did not differ between sexes at d28 (Fig. 4).


The overall aim of this thesis was to obtain an understanding of the dynamics of the HIV epidemic by estimating prevalence and exploring the relationship between HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, b ...


This paper is devoted to characterize monotonicity, conditionality and transitivity of some rational relations defined in a probabilized Boolean Algebra


The goal of the research presented here is to apply unsupervised neural network learning methods to some of the lower-level problems in speech synthesis currently performed by rule-based systems. The latter tend to be strongly influenced by notations developed by linguists (see figure 1 in Klatt (1987)), which were primarily devised to deal with written rather than spoken language. In general terms, what is needed in phonetics is a notation that captures information about ratios rather than absolute values, as is typically seen in biological systems. The notations derived here are based on an ordered pattern space that can be dealt with more easily by neural networks, and by systems involving a neural and symbolic component. Hence, the approach described here might also be useful in the design of a hybrid neural/symbolic system to operate in the speech synthesis domain.


In this paper, a set of natural frequency formulas of columnar underground structures with arbitrary cross section including the stiffness and mass effects of infinite medium are presented by combination of theoretical analysis and numerical computation. Analytical solutions of buckling, axial, expanding, round and torsion vibration in elastic columnar body with distributed additional stiffness and mass are used in the theoretical analysis. The distributed additional stiffness and mass are estimated by the result of self vibration calculation; therefore, the formulas not only simulate the infinite medium, but can be applied to engineering directly and conveniently.


Antimullerian hormone (АМН) (also called Mullerian Inhibiting Substance) is the gonadal hormone. It is a member of the transforming growth factor-bb family of peptide growth and differentiation factors. АМН is produced in both male and female gonads - by Sertoli cells of the testis and granulosa cells of the ovaries. During the male embryogenesis АМН causes regression of Mullerian ducts, and testosterone stimulate the differentiation of wolffian system. During female embryogenesis, in the absence of АМН and testosterone, mullerian structures differentiate and develop into female internal genitalia and wolffian ducts regress.
АМН continues to be produced by the granulosa cells of the ovary during the reproductive life of the women. АМН is known to inhibit resumption of meiosis in oocytes. Besides, АМН disturbs ovarian steroidogenesis: it decreases aromatase activity, leading to lowered estradiol production and hyperandrogenia in the follicle. АМН inhibits granulosa cells mitosis and decreases the number of LH-receptors on the granulosa cells. АМН is the antagonist of Epidermal Growth factor ( EGF) and might inhibit EGF-stimulated secretion of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), which plays significant role in the ovulatory rupture of the follicle.
Thus, АМН exerts inhibitory influence on all follicular components, including granulosa cells growth, steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation and follicle rupture process. It suggests, that АМН might play certain role in pathogenesis of chronic anovulation (polycystic ovaries syndrome).


this paper, we divide the predator's life cycle into two stages of foliage maturity, namely immature and mature. Both types of predators have hunting ability and compete for the same prey. Naturally, their consumption rates and growth rates are limited by the presence of the prey population. Therefore, a stage–structured model with Holling type II response function is proposed. The objective of this paper is to investigate the existence of a local Hopf bifurcation. Bifurcation diagrams of one–parameter family and two– parameter family are also expressed into several regions of different dynamical behaviors. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out in support of the theoretical results.


Legislative bodies have very important roles and understanding the psychology of their decision-making processes is a useful area of study. We add to this area by replicating two previous studies: Abe (2012) and Matsumoto and Hwang (2013) in the context of a legislative body. The present study hypothesized that legislators who support war measures would be externally focused and less cognitively complex in their speeches, while opponents of war measures would be internally focused. Speeches were obtained pertaining to the decisions for the U.S. to take military action in Kosovo, Iraq, and Libya. While we found mixed results depending on the circumstances of a specific conflict, we demonstrate how automated language analysis can be combined with voting records to better understand behavioral action, such as legislative decision.


Recently, researchers are putting in effort to convert the resilient moduli (MR) data to the dynamic moduli (|E*|). Most attempts developed so far lack of a specific approach between both tests. This study presents a new and effective approach to calculate the |E*| from the MR, and also focuses on assessing the implementation of this approach in the M-E PDG procedure. This study revealed that this approach is capable of calculating the |E*| from the MR at different frequencies and low temperatures. To study the applicability of approach results in the M-E PDG, a multiple of design trial runs of nine mixtures were conducted using the M-E Design Guide software version 1.1. From the M-E PDG results it was concluded that the developed approach generates a reasonable |E*| estimates adequate for use in the M-E PDG procedures.


Using Jacobi's identity we derive a simple expression for the Bessel functions of integer order in terms of combinations of powers and hyperbolic functions of the same argument.


In this paper, lateral stability analysis of fiber-metal laminated (FML) doubly-symmetric tapered I-beams with symmetrical lay-up for all section walls is perused by presenting a new finite element solution. Vlasov's thin-walled beam theory is utilized to consider the bending–twisting coupling effect. Based on the classical lamination theory as well as the energy method, the total potential energy is derived for the flexural displacements and the twist angle. Using an auxiliary function, the variational formulation is then constructed only in terms of the twist angle. To precisely determine 4*4 elastic and buckling stiffness matrices, Hermitian cubic polynomial is applied as the shape functions into the resulting variational statement. The most beneficial feature of the present finite element model is to provide a two-node laminated I-beam element with a low number of degrees of freedom. Lateral buckling strength of thin-walled FML profile having varying I-section has been calculated for E-glass/epoxy as composite and aluminum as metal. The obtained results are compared with finite element solutions using ANSYS software and showed excellent agreement with them. Also, the effects of different consequential parameters such as fiber orientation, lay-up sequence, metal volume fraction, web tapering ratio, and transverse load height position on lateral stability resistance of fixed-free FML tapered I-beams subjected to uniformly distributed load are comprehensively investigated.


In this study, based on CMA which is increasingly used for eco-friendly deicing materials, dehumidification MB made of sodium carbonate, /MgO (M/M), and SAP is to be produced. And its moisture absorption rate and dehumidification performance of the film are to be analyzed. And the data on the materials used for the dehumidification film are to be acquired. In case of the dehumidification MB, in which CMA and SAP are mixed, had poor film machinability due to foaming and moisture issues, but adding bentonite and calcium carbonate solved the problem. When a foaming agent was added to extend surface area between substances, CMA and M/M showed no remarkable difference, but SC showed large increase to 3.15 g/g. As the result of anti-corrosive test, CMA dehumidification film showed no corrosion while SC showed pitting corrosion and M/M showed corrosion.


This work deals with a real-life complex scheduling problem arising in semiconductor manufacturing where dispatching rules are still widely used. Optimization algorithms are a promising alternative to dispatching rules, provided that the solved problem encompasses the rich set of complex constraints and criteria. We consider a flexible job-shop scheduling problem with p-batching, reentrant flows, sequence-dependent setup times, unavailability periods, time lags and release dates. Different criteria must be considered to optimize the different operational performances: Overall throughput, target satisfaction, machine utilization and cycle time.The proposed heuristic approach relies on the adaptation of the disjunctive graph that was introduced in a previous thesis, called batch-oblivious where batching decisions are encoded in the arc weights. This graph is extended to allow the modeling of the internal resources of complex batching machines. An efficient algorithm is proposed to simultaneously compute start times and improve the solution during the graph traversal by filling underutilized batches. In addition to this integrated algorithm, the solution is improved within a simulated annealing metaheuristic. Depending on whether the preferences of the decision-maker are given before the search process, different approaches to handle the multiobjective aspect of the problem are studied and compared. The different components are embedded within a parallelized implementation of the GRASP metaheuristic. Different experiments on large size industrial instances show the significant improvement that can be brought by the proposed approach in computational times of several minutes.


o-Xylene-in-water emulsion droplets have been exploited as soft templates for the synthesis of submicrometer-sized raspberry-like ZnO morphologies. The optical properties, structure and morphology of the microstructures have been characterised by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction analysis. It has been found that the microstructures could act as an environmentally benign and cost-effective alternative to conventional Lewis acid catalysts for the illustrious Fries rearrangement of o-methylphenyl acetate to 3-methyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone, employed as the model reaction and which has been probed by NMR spectroscopic studies.


This paper analyzes Nishiki-e based on illustrations for feature articles and related articles written by Kishida, who reported the Taiwan invasion in 1874. The key points are as follows. First, the illustrations published in feature articles on the Taiwan invasion, such as "Taiwan shinbo" and "Taiwan s?go," were designed as visual devices to complement the articles written through Kishida's local coverage. However, the illustrations for articles on the Taiwan invasion allowed readers to recognize themselves as "Japanese" "nationals" distinguishable from the "wild tribesmen" of Taiwan. Second, the images of the Taiwan invasion were extensively distributed through the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shinbun in Nishiki-e in its related articles and illustrations. As a result, the Nishiki-e that described the Taiwan invasion helped Japanese readers realize through visual devices that their "happiness" lie in the "happiness" of "Japan," making themselves believe that they are the "nationals" of Japan.


Bariatric surgery increases the risk of postoperative gallstone formation. Many studies have proposed ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as a preventive agent for postoperative gallstone formation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of UDCA on gallstone formation after bariatric surgery in patients without preoperative gallstones.


The aim of this thesis was to assess quality of life in patients with varying degrees of lower limb ischaemia before and after revascularisation, to assess quality of life in relation to the degree of ischaemia and the respondents' sense of coherence (SOC) and in comparison with a healthy control group, and to compare two different quality of life instruments regarding their usefulness as outcome measures. Patients were assessed using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the SOC scale before and six months after successful revascularisation and compared with 102 healthy controls. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison of the NHP part I and the chi-squared test was used for part II of the NHP. The effects of haemodynamically successful revascularisation at six months were analysed by Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Quality of life after haemodynamically successful or unsuccessful revascularisation was investigated at baseline, six and twelve months using Friedman's two-way analysis of variance (part I) and the Cochran test (part II). Eighty patients were assessed before and one month after revascularisation, using comparable domains of the NHP and the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. The ability of the two instruments to discriminate among levels of lower limb ischaemia was analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the responsiveness in detecting within-subject changes over time was analysed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha. Quality of life was markedly impaired at baseline among patients with lower limb ischaemia in all investigated respects, and compared with controls, mostly as regards pain, low energy and restricted mobility as revealed by a logistic regression analysis. Quality of life represented an interplay between the degree of ischaemia and the patients' SOC. Haemodynamically successful revascularisation led to significantly improved quality of life at six months, in particular with regard to pain, sleep, physical mobility, hobbies and holidays and to a level similar to healthy controls in sleep, social isolation, work and family relationships. Critical ischaemia patients did not reach the same level of quality of life as the claudicants or the controls. The intervention resulted in an immediate and relatively lasting improvement in quality of life at the one-year follow-up. Despite haemodynamic failure, patients had significant improvements regarding pain, emotional reactions and sleep. A haemodynamically successful revascularisation for claudicants demonstrated the most marked quality of life benefits, including all health dimensions that were not normal at baseline, while critical ischaemia patients had improved quality of life with regard to pain, sleep and physical mobility. NHP and SF-36 were both found to be reliable measures. The SF-36 scores were less skewed than the NHP scores, while NHP discriminated better among levels of ischaemia and was more responsive in detecting changes over time than SF-36. Thus, the findings showed that success of the intervention is multidimensional in its nature requiring information through traditionally used measures of medical effectiveness, the walking ability of the patients and valuing quality of life and aspects like that measured by the SOC scale. These findings may form a basis for future treatment planning, decision-making and evaluation of treatment for lower limb ischaemia patients. (Less)


Sustainable development philosophy leads to meaningful human and social development. Sustainable development concept and perception is very important, it should influence the practical application of human life. The article deals with modern problems of ecological culture scientific reasons, currently monitored social-natural contradictions aggravation, sustainable development with emphasis on the ethical aspects of ecological consciousness, ecological, cultural and spiritual importance of sustainable development for future development prospects. The article emphasizes on spirituality, because in each culture existing distinctive values and values orientation affect not only the worldview of society but also the perception of life. KEY WORDS: sustainable development, ecological consciousness, ecological culture, ethics, spirituality, values orientation, the importance of human spirituality in the concept of sustainable development. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v76i1.1514


The session initiation protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol for Internet telephony, multimedia conferencing, presence, event notification, and instant messaging. With the gaining popularity, more and more SIP implementations have been developed and deployed. How to guarantee the conformance of those SIP implementations is the key point of interconnection and interoperation among them. This paper proposes the test method and architecture for the SIP protocol based on the IPv6 tester system. Tree and tabular combined notation (TTCN-2) is adopted to describe the test suite. With an enhanced reference implementation, the data-processing ability to the original test system has been greatly improved. In the following test practices, some errors have been found in the SIP entities under test. It is proved that the proposed test method and architecture are effective to verify the conformance of the SIP entities, and the result of the conformance test may provide helpful reference to the development of SIP products.


From the aerial parts of Teucrium creticum L. (Lamiaceae) eight compounds, 1 – 8 were isolated using chromatographical methods. Based on the results of spectroscopical analysis such as UV, 1D-NMR (1H-, 13C-NMR, DEPT-135), 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) and HRMS, the structure of the compounds were determined as two iridoids, 8-O-acetylharpagide (1) and teuhircoside (2), two phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside (= acteoside) (3) and lavandulifolioside (4), and four neoclerodane-type diterpenoids, teucrin H3 (= 19-acetylgnaphalin) (5), teucjaponin B (6), teucretol (7) and diacetylteumassilin (8).


The band structure of SiGe has been calculated using the coherent-potential approximation in conjunction with a realistic but local pseudopotential model. The effects of alloy disorder manifest themselves in complex band energies, each with an imaginary part inversely proportional to the electron lifetime. Spectral functions and the alloy denisty of states are also computed. The damping proves to be small, though it is not always given accurately by low-order-perturbation theory about the virtual crystal. Moreover, within the present local pseudopotential approximation, it affects only $s$ electrons capable of penetrating the ionic cores, since outside the core region the alloy pseudopotential is like that of either limiting pure crystal. The effect of the damping on experimental quantities such as the optical absorption and electrical resistivity is very small.


This is the fourth paper in a series proposing a psychoanalytic concept of community. The third paper of the series centered on the unconscious psychological tasks involved in creating and sustaining a community and in it achieving its reason for existence; tasks such as the formation of bonds, identity and boundary. In this fourth paper we propose that the effectiveness with which a community can carry out these tasks determines how well that community is able to function. The successful performance of the tasks is dependent on: (1) a community's capacity for psychic function, that is, its capacity to process internal tension and conflict, and both everyday and adverse experiences; (2) the effectiveness of its social defense against anxiety; and (3) its adaptability to changes and challenges in its environment.


The estimation model system of stand diameter class volnme and merchant volnme is studied systematically and comprehensivel.The basic principles are that the stand diameter class volume is calculated with relative tree height curve,and that the tree merchant volnme ratio of each diameter class is predicted by compatible taper equation.The method of relative tree height curve and of compatible taper equation are two variable estimation model system of tree volume,because they based on two masuration factors,i.e.,tree diameter and tree height.Predicting precision and accuracy are improved by developing more suitable model.


This article introduces the design and implementation of diesel engine electronic control unit.The parameters of diesel engine can be gathered by ECU.The solenoid valve will work under the control of the control signals.ECU and PC share data through the CAN bus interface.The data processing capacity of controller is strong,the precision of control signals is high and the effectiveness of control signals is well.


Congenital heart disease is the commonest malformation in paediatrics, with a prevalence of 6 to 8 cases for each 1000 newborns alive. The advances in the diagnosis and the surgical techniques and the peri-operatory handling, have permitted that many patients reach adult life; but the possibility of damage to the central nervous system , continuous to be one of the most feared associated morbidities in cardiovascular surgery.1,2 The presence of a vast variety of neurodevelopmental alterations has been identified; up to a 50% of children, with corrected congenital heart disease, but unfortunately, we cannot predict it ́s possible appearance: the diagnosis depends on neurological examinations, neurophisiological studies, imagenological scanning such as: computed tomography, PET/CT, AMR with or without spectroscopy, SPECT, among others.


Protection against Toxoplasma gondii in infected patients is mainly attributed to cellular immunity. We here attempt to improve the characterization of the proteins that induce cellular immunity in naturally infected patients. Cellular immunity was evaluated by flow cytometry after 7 days of blood culture from 31 chronically T. gondii infected and 8 noninfected pregnant women, in the presence of soluble T. gondii antigen (ST‐Ag) or fractionated proteins from ST‐Ag, separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Blood cultures from infected patients with ST‐Ag induced 39·5 ± 12·7% of activated (CD25+) CD4+ T cells using flow cytometry. This contrasts with the absence of activated CD4+ T cells after either culture with PBS or in blood cultures from noninfected women. The protein fraction between 21 and 41·9 kD induced the highest response (14·7 ± 10·0%). Blood samples from 20 infected  and  5  uninfected  women  were  cultured  in  presence  of  12  protein  subfractions  of  2–208 kD. The highest frequencies of response among infected patients were seen with fractions (Fr) 26–31·9 kD (C.I. 85–100%) and Fr 32–36·9 kD (C.I. 77–100%). Although we note a good concordance between cellular and humoral response, Western blot analysis of ST‐Ag does not completely predict the panel of proteins recognized by cellular immunity. Two‐dimensional separation of the ST‐Ag revealed more than 200 protein spots in these fractions. However, only two proteins in the 20–40 kD range induced a significant humoral response. Further studies are necessary to determine which proteins in the Fr 26–31·9 kD and 32–36·9 kD are superior immunogens for cellular responses.


Marriage is an important institution that upholds societys values. Thus an important decision for any adult is to select appropriate life partner. The definition of appropriateness is largely influenced by cultural norms and values. This research was conducted to study trends in potential mate preference characteristics of the Pakistani population. To attain the aforementioned objective, an archival research was conducted. Data was collected from Sunday matrimonial sections of two most widely read newspapers (Daily Jung and Daily Dawn). Entire data was drawn for 3 decades (i.e., 1980 2009). The requirements for to-be bride and to-be grooms were noted. Result showed that in both newspapers, Physical attractiveness in to-be brides was the top sought feature in three decades, whereas for to-be grooms, working or being educated were the most required traits. It shows that most of the requirements remained same, still few changes were noted within the three decades.