The results of numerical experiments on the modeling of shock wave loading of solid and porous carbides with various stoichiometric compositions are presented. The model is based on the assumption that all the components of the mixture, including gas, have similar pressure, velocity and temperature. The model allows describing the behavior of porous materials and mixes in a wide range of porosity and pressures with precision of experiment. The behavior of complex materials such as carbides is considered as a mixture. The model accurately describes the behavior of the carbides with equal shares of the components of WC, TiC, TaC, NbC and the behavior of boron carbide B4C. Comparison for data of calculation and experimental data was held for carbides with different porosity.


Pervasive developmental disorder was first recognized by Grunya Efimovna Sukhareva in 1925. She called it autistic psychopathy. In 1938, Hans Asperger provided more detailed descriptions of children with autistic psychopathy. The autistic psychopathies described by Sukhareva and Asperger were similar and characterized by the absence of significant impairment in language development and cognitive function. In 1943, Leo Kanner called the autistic disturbances occurring in children early infantile autism. During the 1960s the condition described by Leo Kanner became well known as autism, while the autistic psychopathy described by Grunya Sukhareva and Asperger which represented a milder form of autism characterized by better language development than autism was called early during the 1980s Asperger syndrome. An uncommon type of autism characterized by early normal development followed by regression was identified later and was called "Regressive autism". Asperger syndrome and regressive autism have not been reported in Iraq. The aim of this book is to describe the first cases of Asperger syndrome and regressive autism in Iraq.


On March 11, 1990, Augusto Pinochet, one of Latin America's most infamous dictators, left office after Chileans ordered him to step down in a nationwide plebiscite. Since Pinochet harshly punished any and all dissenters, protests re-emerged in Chile as a popular form of political action. In this thesis, I examine the relationship between economic and political inequality and the frequency of protests and peaceful demonstrations in the country. I examine the theory behind why people protest, and later examine the history of individual protest movements (such as the Chilean Education Movement). Lastly, I run a regression to evaluate the relationship between GINI coefficient (a popular measure of income inequality) and the frequency of peaceful demonstrations since the end of the dictatorship. Though the regression does not indicate that there is a significant relationship between the two, survey data suggests that Chileans view protest as a legitimate and effective form of political action, and that they have little faith in the government and party system to represent their interests. Thus, I posit that Chileans protest because existing social and political infrastructures are not functioning as they should.


Data line transient phenomenon is likely to damage the computing devices in business and home office environment.Many users attached great importance on the risk of power line surge,but neglected the dangers of data-line surge.Through the presentation of how the transient voltage was generated and its devastating impact on electrical equipment,the measures were pointed out to protect equipment,restrain the equipment from surges of electricity.


For the module of power supply,this paper analyses the input EMI circuits of power supply and presents the principle and design of power supply line filters in detail.The design method of power supply input EMI filters is presented by examples,application of power supply filters is also illustrated in the paper.


The environment of Inner Mongolia is very weak .It's already become the bottleneck of the social and ecnomical development of Inner Mongolia. Theerefor ,during the development of Western China ,we should grasp the chance to exploit and build Inner Mongolia. We must put the ecological construction in the important palce.It is not only the chief component part to exploit and build Inner Mongolia,but the most important safeguard.


ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and peptic ulcer (PU) in HIV-positive subject was reported to be low in previous studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori infection and of PU in relation to absolute CD4 T cells counts in HIV-positive subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms (GI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twelve age- and sex-matched subjects (56 HIV-positive patients and 56 HIV-negative patients) with GI symptoms were assessed by upper endoscopy and gastric biopsies. The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection was the main variable that was assessed. Patients were classified based on HIV status and CD4 count: In Group A: HIV-positive patients with a CD4 count below 200; group B: HIV-positive patients with a CD4 count from 200 to 499; Group C: HIV-positive patients with a CD4 count higher or equal to 500 and group D: HIV-negative control patients. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in the four groups was as follow: Group A 42.1% (8/19), group B 65.4% (17/20), group C 27.3 % (3/11) and group D 55.4% (31/56). The prevalence rate of PU was 21.05 % (4/19) in group A, 23.07 % (6/26) in group B, 36.4 % (4/11) in group C (p = 0.07), and 17.85 % (10/56) in group D. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in HIV-positive subjects did not differ between patients with and without PU. Compared with HIV-negative control subjects, HIV-positive subjects with a CD4 count less than 200 had a low prevalence rate of H. pylori infection, this difference was not significant (p = 0.32). The prevalence of PU in HIV-positive subjects with a CD4 count less than 200 was higher compared to that found in HIV-negative control subjects, this difference was not significant (p = 0.97). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of H. pylori infection is low in HIV-positive subjects, the PU is contrarily frequent. The H. pylori infection and PU are not in relation to CD4 counts in HIV-positive subjects. RESUME OBJECTIF : La prevalence de l'infection a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) et de l'ulcere peptique (UP) chez le sujet VIH-positif a ete rapportee comme etant basse dans des etudes precedentes. Le but de cette etude etait d'evaluer la prevalence de H. pylori et de l'UP en relation avec le taux absolu de cellules T CD4 chez le sujet VIH-positif avec des symptomes gastro-intestinaux (GI). MATERIELS ET METHODES : Cent douze sujets (56 patients VIH-positif et 56 patients VIH-negatif) apparies selon l'âge et le sexe, avec des symptomes GI ont ete evalues par endoscopie digestive haute avec biopsies gastriques. Le taux de prevalence de l'infection a H. pylori etait le parametre principal etudie. Les patients ont ete stratifies sur la base du statut VIH et du taux de CD4: groupe A : patients VIH-positif avec un taux de CD4 <200, groupe B : patients VIH-positif avec un taux de CD4 200-499, groupe C : patients VIH-positif avec un taux de CD4 ≥500, et groupe D : sujets controles VIH-negatif. RESULTATS : Le taux de prevalence de l'infection a H. pylori dans les quatre groupes etait de : groupe A 42,1 % (8/19), groupe B 65,4 % (17/20), groupe C 27,3% (3/11), et groupe D 55,4 % (31/56). Le taux de prevalence de l'UP etait de 21,05% (4/19) dans le groupe A, 23,07 % (6/26) dans le groupe B, 36,4 % (4/11) dans le groupe C (p=0,07), et 17,85 % (10/56) dans le groupe D. La prevalence de l'infection a H. pylori chez les sujets VIH-positif n'etait pas differente entre ceux avec ou sans UP. En comparaison avec les sujets controles VIH-negatif, les sujets VIH-positif avec un taux de CD4 <200 avaient un taux de prevalence de H. pylori bas, cette difference n'etait pas significative (p =0,32). Le taux de prevalence de l'UP chez les sujets VIH-positif avec un taux de CD4 <200 etait eleve compare a celui retrouve chez les sujets controles VIH-negatif, cette difference n'etait pas significative (p=0,97). CONCLUSION : Quoique la prevalence de l'infection a H. pylori soit faible chez les sujets VIH-positif, l'UP par contre est frequent. L'infection a H. pylori et l'UP ne sont pas associes au taux de CD4 chez les sujets VIH-positif au Cameroun..


The study of medieval mappaemundi has traditionally relied on comparative analysis as one of the methods to examine and identify possible centres of map production, common sources and conceptions of space and place, as well as possible social, institutional, ideological, and economic connections between maps. The comparison of place names between medieval mappaemundi is one of the ways scholars can compare toponyms across maps, but this has, until now, been conducted by hand, usually on a case by case study. This paper introduces a new digital tool called veccompare, designed to facilitate an in-depth study of the relationships between mappaemundi vis a vis their textual content. As a case study, veccompare has been used for the comparison of two Psalter maps. Veccompare's output report and visualization of data has led to a better understanding of the Psalter maps' close physical proximity, namely on the same folio in the same manuscript. It may be pursuant not to a direct, one-to-one, model-derivative type of relationship between the maps, but rather to an indirect relationship stemming from a common textual source used by both mapmakers.


see references 57, 105, 123, and 131-138). The OM is impermeable to macromolecules and allows only limited diffusion of hydrophobic substances through its lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-covered surface. The outer leaflet of the enterobacterial OM lacks glycerophospholipids and, hence, the effective channels for hydrophobic diffusion (134, 136). The OM of these bacteria is also resistant to neutral and anionic detergents. Small hydrophilic compounds diffuse through the OM via the water-filled porin channels, but the narrowness of these channels remarkably restricts their diffusion (131, 133, 137). Since many of the harmful agents, including antibiotics, are either hydrophobic or relatively large hydrophilic compounds, they penetrate the OM poorly or rather poorly (130-137). Furthermore, the polysaccharide constituents of the OM help bacteria to evade phagocytosis and protect the deeper parts of the OM from complement and antibody binding. The molecular basis of the integrity of the OM lies in its LPS (137, 138). LPS binds cations, since it is polyanionic because of a number of negative charges in its lipid A and inner-core parts. Adjacent polyanionic LPS molecules are apparently linked electrostatically by divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+), inherent in the OM, to each other to form a stable "tiled roof' on the surface of the OM (88, 134, 138). Accordingly, the OM is a remarkable barrier and the cation-binding sites of LPS are essential for the integrity of the OM. However, these sites are, simultaneously, also the Achilles' heel of the OM. It has long been known that the naturally occurring polycationic antibiotics of the polymyxin group complex avidly with LPS and disorganize the whole OM (57, 137, 182). This is not their lethal action, but it is their means of permeating the OM to reach their final target, the cytoplasmic membrane. Also, the OM-disorganizing and -permeabilizing action of EDTA, which chelates Ca2+ and Mg2+, is well known (57, 102, 105, 137). However, during the last few years, growing evidence that numerous other agents, most of them cationic, have notable OM-damaging action, has accumulated. Some of these agents are only weakly bactericidal but are remarkably effective in permeabilizing the OM to other agents. These permeabilizers are useful tools in various cellular studies in which the impermeability of the OM poses problems. They might also be useful in the design of such permeabilizer compounds, which could be used therapeutically to widen the spectrum of clinically used antibiotics. Besides the compounds which have a strong OM-permeabilizing activity, there are others which might have a weak permeabilizing action. In addition, numerous new antibacterial cationic peptides from various vertebrate and invertebrate host tissues have been discovered, and others have been characterized in detail. These cationic peptides are effective against gram-negative bacteria, apparently penetrate through the OM by interacting with LPS, and are believed to play an important role in the host defense against invaders. This review critically summarizes the recent data on the agents which permeabilize the OM, or penetrate through the OM, by interacting with LPS. The review is also a short synopsis on gram-negative bacteria and mutants which are resistant to such agents as a result of having an unusual or altered OM. The review excludes the description of antimetabolites and inhibitors such as diazaborine (91, 193) and ketodeoxyoctulosonate analogs (52, 53) which increase the permeability of the OM by disturbing or inhibiting the biosynthesis of


We reported at the two previous meetings that optical coatings could be significantly hardened to soft x-rays (SXR) using the Livermore Survivability of Coatings (L-SOC) concept for enhanced energy sharing. Reported here are the results for a number of different optical designs tested aboveground in 1986 using the Blackjack 5 SXR radiation facility, a Defense Nuclear Agency facility operated by Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. 16 refs., 14 figs., 4 tabs.


Precambrian basement rocks form a domelike uplift in southern Sweden that emerges from Cambrian cover rocks in the north and east and from Mesozoic cover rocks in the south and west. Its morphology...


An attempt was made to examine the contamination of the Mm. Curie laboratory, using a copy of her treatises taken from her laboratory. It was considered that activity was attached to the copy by Mm, Curie's fingers contaminated with radioisotopes. A guess was made as to how heavily the laboratory was contaminated. (T.F.H.)


The restructuring of all spheres of activity of our society, including public education, has brought to the forefront the problem of society's democratization. The administration of public education views this problem as the cornerstone of its activity.


In the present scenario of the power system the main issue is the voltage stability enhancement which plays an important role in the complex network. This paper introduces the forthcoming technology employing the integration of Flexible AC transmission System (FACTS) device in to the system. Betwixt of all the FACTS devices this paper mainly rivet on Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). This is because UPFC has the aid to manage voltage, phase, and reactive power. A hybrid algorithm is developed for the improvement of voltage stability of the power system and to optimize the FACTS controller. The hybrid algorithm abide combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). PSO is performed to pinpoint the location of the UPFC device in the power system network. Whereas GSA is implemented to optimize UPFC device rating in a sequence. This method proposed was done for IEEE-14 bus system and IEEE-30 bus system using MATLAB platform. The results were impressive by the prospective method for practical applications. Keywords—Voltage Stability, UPFC, FACTS, PSO, GSA


It seems reasonable to argue that migrants to and from Canada differ in many ways from the average Canadian,1 and that these differences affect aggregate consumption, imports, construction, and so on. As assimilation to the Canadian environ ment takes place, the differences are reduced, even tually disappear and the migrants' "economic behaviour" becomes identical with the Canadian born. It is of interest, therefore, to seek statistical illustrations of the assimilation process. The first section of the paper extends the model of J. H. Duloy by explicitly recognizing outward migration and the assumptions of the model. The next section tests this model against Canadian data for a number of demand and supply relationships, and finds that an assimilation period longer than one year conforms to the model. The paper ends with some conclusions and suggestions for added


Background: Although postoperative pain is reduced compared with an open cholecystectomy, effective analgesic treatment after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy has remained a clinical challenge. Methods: Of sixty patients having general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, thirty received intravenous dexamethasone 8 mg (Dexa group) and thirty received intravenous normal saline (Control group) before induction of anesthesia. Again, Dexa and Control group was divided the Younger group (20−50 yrs) and Older group (≥ 65 yrs). Pain was assessed 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery and recorded on a visual analog scale (V AS). Experiences of Nausea and vomiting were assessed within the first postoperative 24 hours. Results: In the Younger group, the VAS scores at postoperative 1 and 6 hours were significantly lower in the Dexa group than Control group. In the Older group, the VAS scores at postoperative 12 and 24 hours were significantly lower in the Dexa group than Control group. In the Dexa group, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting of the Younger group was significantly lower than the Older group. Conclusions: There were differences in the analgesic effects of dexamethasone after laparoscopic cholecystectomy between the younger and older patients. Dexamathasone wasn't effective for postoperative nausea and vomiting in the older patients.


ABSTRACT Woody nitrogen (N) fixers are known to fix atmospheric N at very high rates. However, N leached from woody N fixers is rarely accounted for in catchment nutrient budgets. We conducted a scoping study to determine the potential impact of the invasive N fixer gorse (Ulex europaeus) on water quality in an agricultural catchment in New Zealand. With current gorse cover (596 ha) our model-based leaching estimates suggest that gorse accounts for 1.7%–2.4% of total N leaching in the catchment. This is equivalent to leaching from 1200–1800 ha of pasture (averaged across both dry stock and dairy land uses). In our worst-case scenario, with gorse covering over 5000 ha, we estimate that N leaching from gorse would account for 12%–25% of the catchment total. The expected increase in N leaching under this scenario is equivalent to leaching for 9000–14000 ha of pasture, suggesting that gorse could significantly constrain capacity for agricultural expansion or intensification if a cap on N loads is imposed in the catchment. These results show that leaching from gorse is probably much higher than currently assumed. Further, land use policies aiming to abandon marginal land may cause a net increase in leaching if large areas of abandoned land are colonised by gorse.


Order picking for bookstore distribution centers was studied. The batch picking method is proposed based on association rule data mining and 0-1 integer programming for the characteristics of bookstore distribution operations such as multi-variety, small-batch and high-frequency. The associations between orders is mined by apriori algorithm. Orders are grouped into batches by establishing and solving 0-1 integer programming to maximize the support value of association between orders. This model is applied in the bookstore distribution center and application results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Many factors influence the shaping and reshaping of welfare policy — among these include state ideas and interpretation of social justice. With a focus on policy shifts on state-led elderly home care since the 1980s, The Netherlands has progressively championed citizen participation and solidarity to rescue Dutch welfarism. Earlier efforts by the state found that economistic strategies alone were incapable of offering viable cost-cutting solutions capable of safeguarding the dignified life of its citizens. Through the introduction of participatory citizenship, no longer were the elderly regarded as passive, helpless and dependent individuals. The elderly began to be approached as active and productive citizens, boosting elderly morale, self confidence and independence. Despite this positive turn however, secondary and primary data point out to a worrying trend of deteriorating quality care and social relations.
The purpose of this study is to offer potential pathways to consider for ongoing research on social justice, welfare restructuring and public policymaking. Reflections on changes in state-led elderly home care arrangements are informed by the work of feminist care ethicists and gender analysis on the public-private divide. Through the application of Roy's two-strand methodology of interrogating policy planning and "the ideal of the public", the study observes the pernicious effects of policy planning based on a conception of individuals as autonomous blocks (practice), and the limits of liberal ideas encompassed by mainstream and alternative conceptions of social justice (discourse).


Nearly all the super-deformed bands (SD) have been observed with hanging transitions; as a result only the γ-ray energies are known with no firm spin parity assignments [1]. Knowledge of the spin-parities is very crucial for their configuration assignments and for complete theoretical understanding of the SD bands. We have tested a very efficient method to assign spin-parities based on the Variable Moment of Inertia model (VMI) [2].


Compared to classical logic,mutually-inversistic logic eliminates quantifiers. It solves the problem of expressiveness vs in-tractability to certain extent. So it can reason logic theories simply. Mutually-inversistic logic classifies propositions. The expression and semantic retrieval of logic theories are based on meta-knowledge. So they are advanced to a higher level compared to original ontology. Ontology based on mutually-inversistic logic is called second-level Ontology. The best virtual of second-level Ontology is that it can realize the expression and retrieval of logic theories. Second-level Ontology extends the function of current ontology. The principle and implementation are discussed in the paper.


Papaya is a powerhouse of nutrients and is available throughout the year. It is a rich source of threes powerful antioxidant vitamin C, vitamin A and vitamin E; the minerals, magnesium and potassium; the B vitamin pantothenic acid and folate and fiber. In addition to all this, it contains a digestive enzymepapain that effectively treats causes of trauma, allergies and sports injuries. All the nutrients of papaya as a whole improve cardiovascular system, protect against heart diseases, heart attacks, strokes and prevent colon cancer. The fruit is an excellent source of beta carotene that prevents damage caused by free radicals that may cause some forms of cancer. Papaya is a sugar crop with soluble saccharides in the form of glucose, fructose, sucrose and it's widely cultivated in several countries. Sugars represent that part of the fruits which is used by microorganisms for wine production. The aim of our research is to investigate yeast growth, ethanol formation in case of papaya juice fermentation by Saccharomyces sp naturally isolated on papaya skin and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also examine effect of the initial pH of papaya juice to fermentation speed on each yeast culture. We draw out some major points as follows: yeast naturally isolated on papaya fruit is Saccharomyces sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae not significantly different at 95% level in various conditions: pH .1, 4.1, 4.5. Maximum yeast density in fermentation is 1010 cfu/ml. With initial sugar content 22%, yeast ratio 2%, main fermentation time performs in 07 days. By this, ethanol formation is accumulated at 12%, not significantly different at 95% reliability level in various conditions: pH 3.1, 4.1, 4.5. We successfully isolated yeast species Saccharomyces sp. is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae. So we can utilize this natural yeast for wine fermentation without purchasing Saccharomyces cerevisiae in laboratory.


This study investigated the relationship between language learning aptitude (LLA) and the use of language learning strategies (LLSs) among a cohort of Iranian EFL students at Urmia University, Iran. The adapted versions of the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT; Carrol & Sapon, 1983) and Oxford's (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) were distributed among the participants (i.e., 6 males and 32 females). A strong positive relationship was found between aptitude and the use of all the categories of LLSs. Pearson product-moment correlation also indicated a strong positive relationship among components/categories within MLAT and SILL. Furthermore, the application of t test showed no significant differences between the males and females on their overall LLA test scores, but a one-way ANOVA indicated significant differences between the two genders regarding the cognitive and metacognitive strategies in favor of the males. One-way ANOVA also revealed significant differences between high versus low-aptitude students on LLSs use in favor of the former group.


Abstract The swelling behavior of hydroxyethyl cellulose-acrylamide hydrogels at different pH and temperatures was studied. The absorption increased for the first 12 hours and then decreased. Several hydroxyethyl cellulose-acrylamide ratios were studied. Increasing hydroxyethyl cellulose amount decreased swelling, indicating that swelling was affected by increase in crosslinking. Three different levels of crosslinking agent were studied. Hydrogels exhibited a thermal and pH sensitive behaviour. Highest swelling capacity was found at pH 7.0 and 30 °C. All samples were characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Characteristic absorbance peaks for both materials were found, showing the presence of hydroxyethyl cellulose and acrylamide on hydrogel.


In this article we present the pathway towards a care system in Argentina. To this end, we recover the recent history of the feminist movement and the findings of academic and civil society studies that document the overload of domestic and care work on women and the unjust social organisation of care in the country. We identify the change of government and the creation of the Ministry of Women, Gender and Diversity as an opportunity for the entry of feminism into public institutionality, and then focus on describing and analysing the strategy deployed by the Ministry towards the creation of a care system. Specifically, we refer to: the Interministerial Board on Care, the Federal Map of Care, the Drafting Commission for a Draft Bill for a Comprehensive Care System with a Gender Perspective, and the National Campaign "Caring with Equality". Within the framework of the latter, we pay special attention to the Territorial Parliaments of Care with the interest of investigating the participatory construction of care policies and the strengthening of the community dimension of care. These elements allow us to argue in favour of the transformative potential of the analysed experience, warning about the persistent obstacles and challenges it must face.


Summary Rats subsisting on a diet containing 76% corn and 3% or less casein, developed a fatty liver characterized by initial and preponderant accumulation of lipid in the portal areas. Rats of the same strain on a diet in which the only protein was casein, developed a centrolobular type of fatty liver. Methionine, choline, and vit. B12 were able to decrease the liver lipid. However, methionine was rarely capable of preventing the deposition of some excess fat while, under certain conditions, the lipotropic action of vit. Bi2 was unpredictable.


This paper presents an approach of noun clustering and its ideological research in natural language processing systems. Noun is clustering in accordance with the content knowledge. A detailed classification of the problems which appear during the clustering is made,and different solutions to different types of problems are given. Under the circumstances of a complete knowledge base area,the novel clustering method has a high success rate in the intelligent guidance systems for secondary schools to extract the core meaning of a chapter.


In order to determine whether the act of photochemical combination necessitates the production of a certain amount of mechanical effect, for which an equivalent quantity of light is expended, or whether this phenomenon is dependent upon a restoration of equilibrium effected without any corresponding equivalent loss of light, we must now study the phenomena occurring at the bounding surfaces, and in the interior of a medium exposed to the chemically active rays. rays. If I0 represents the amount of light entering a medium, and I the amount issuing from the medium, we have α l0 = l, when α represents the fraction of the original amount of light which passes through the medium, on the supposition that the light extinguished is proportional to the original intensity of the light.


Proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) may be the best surgical treatment for duodenal ulcer (DU) if their recurrences, due mostly to insufficient denervation, can be reduced. This review demonstrates that d


Nitrogen plasma treatments that modify polymer surfaces are often accompanied by uncontrollable oxidation phenomena. Air exposure of the treated samples after the plasma process may be the origin of the oxidation, but other oxygen contamination sources during the plasma treatment procedure cannot be eliminated. To clarify this point, nitrogen plasma treatments of polypropylene are carried out in a reactor that is coupled directly to an XPS spectrometer. This avoids any air transfer of the polymer between its plasma treatment and its surface characterization. The results indicate a certain level of oxygen incorporation in the polymer during the plasma process, probably by species coming from the reactor wall.


This work details the use of information commonly contained within the 2D texture map, of a colour 3D capture, as a driver to add additional geometric detail to the underlying 3D shape mesh. A novel combination of established 2D image processing operations and uniform mesh re-sampling facilitates the recovery of additional surface relief detail information which is then added a displacement bump map to the underlying mesh. The technique is demonstrated by enhancing shape from silhouette derived 3D surface captures. (1 page)


The purpose of the study was to investigate the thermophisiological responses and subjective wearing comfort for the six lining fabrics of one-piece dress in summer environment. There were significant differences in the microclimate, the mean skin temperature and the subjective wear comfort for the lining fabrics. The mean skin temperature of rayon and acetate were lower than that of synthetic fiber. The wearing comfort of rayon and acetate were better than that of synthetic fiber. There were clear correlations between the mechanical properties and the subjective wear comfort of lining fabrics. The hygroscopicity and density of textile affected the humidity and tactile sensation of dress, and they were important factors determining the wearing comfort of one-piece dress.


Historically, high resolution, high slew rate optics have been heavy, bulky, and expensive. Recent advances in MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology and micro-machining may change this. Specifically, the advent of steerable sub-millimeter sized mirror arrays could provide the breakthrough technology for producing very small-scale high-performance optical systems. For example, an array of steerable MEMS mirrors could be the building blocks for a Fresnel mirror of controllable focal length and direction of view. When coupled with a convex parabolic mirror the steerable array could realize a micro-scale pan, tilt and zoom system that provides full CCD sensor resolution over the desired field of view with no moving parts (other than MEMS elements). This LDRD provided the first steps towards the goal of a new class of small-scale high-performance optics based on MEMS technology. A large-scale, proof of concept system was built to demonstrate the effectiveness of an optical configuration applicable to producing a small-scale (< 1cm) pan and tilt imaging system. This configuration consists of a color CCD imager with a narrow field of view lens, a steerable flat mirror, and a convex parabolic mirror. The steerable flat mirror directs the camera's narrow field of view to small areas ofmore » the convex mirror providing much higher pixel density in the region of interest than is possible with a full 360 deg. imaging system. Improved image correction (dewarping) software based on texture mapping images to geometric solids was developed. This approach takes advantage of modern graphics hardware and provides a great deal of flexibility for correcting images from various mirror shapes. An analytical evaluation of blur spot size and axi-symmetric reflector optimization were performed to address depth of focus issues that occurred in the proof of concept system. The resulting equations will provide the tools for developing future system designs.« less


Objective: To report on TTN gene aberrations leading to a congenital myopathy with cardiac involvement in a brother (P1, age 18), and a sister (P2, age 10) of healthy Italian parents. Background: Congenital titinopathies is a group of myopathies with variable cardiac involvement and heterogeneous muscle biopsy features. Design/Methods: Clinic, histopathologic, MRI, NGS and titin protein studies were performed in a brother (P1, age 18), and a sister (P2, age 10) of healthy Italian parents. Results: Onset was congenital with hypotonia, retarded motor milestones, and diffuses muscle weakness. P1 had prominent hyperlaxity and hyperkeratosis pilaris. Cardiac involvement consisted of right branch block and mitral valve prolapsus in P1 and neonatal onset bradycardia and syncopal episodes in P2. Muscle MRIs showed diffuse and symmetric muscle involvement with variable fatty replacement and atrophy. Muscle biopsies showed multicores, type 1 uniformity, and absence of fast myosin 2A heavy chain. Myosin degradation was observed on electron microscopy. NGS identified one TTN frameshift pathogenic variant, c.79683dupA; p. (Arg26562Thrfs*12), inherited from the mother, and two missense variants, c.94015A>G; p.(Thr31339Ala), and c.18970A>C; p. (Thr6324Pro) inherited from the father. The c.79683dupA is predicted to produce a stop codon at position 26574 and a truncated protein lacking Cter including myosin interacting domains. The c.18970A>C and c.94015A>G are localized at actin and myosin interacting sites. Western blot studies in muscles from P1 revealed complete absence of myosin heavy chain fast isoform (MyHC2). Conclusions: We fully describe a novel congenital multicores titinopathy with cardiac involvement and secondary loss of myosin heavy chain. We suggest that myosin loss could play an important role in muscle weakness and cardiac dysfunction development in titinopathies. Disclosure: Dr. Perrin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Metay has nothing to disclose. Dr. Villanova has nothing to disclose. Dr. Carlier has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pegoraro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Juntas-Morales has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stojkovic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Richard has nothing to disclose. Dr. Richard has nothing to disclose. Dr. Granzier has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koenig has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cossee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Malfatti has nothing to disclose.


In the framework of research on desulfurization by adsorption, an experimental study of the adsorption selectivity between thiophene and toluene molecules in liquid n-heptane solutions onto NaY (Si/Al = 2.4) and NaX (Si/Al = 1.2) zeolites has been carried out. It investigates the possibility for these commercially available adsorbents to be used in a desulfurization process operated under ambient conditions without using H2. Dynamic adsorption experiments were performed at room temperature mainly at two concentration ranges:  25 mmol·L-1 for competitive adsorptions and 1.25 mmol·L-1 for single-solute experiments. Adsorption isotherms of thiophene and toluene on NaY and NaX sorbents have been obtained. On the NaY zeolite, toluene is favorably adsorbed (αthio/tol = 0.60) while an inverse behavior is observed with NaX sorbent (αthio/tol = 1.63). This exhibits many differences in sorbate/sorbent interactions with slight changes in the adsorbent nature. Besides, the selectivity on NaY sorbents has been found t...


Objective To quantitatively compare the anterior chamber angle changes after laser peripheral iridotomy( LPI) with or without laser peripheral iridoplasty( LPIP) in primary angle closure glaucoma( PACG) using ultrasound biomcroscopy. Methods A randomized,controlled clinical trial was conducted. Thirty-three and 22 patients were randomized to iridotomy( Group A) and iridotomy plus iridoplasty group( Group B). UBM parameters in angle widths( angle opening distance,AOD; trabecular-iris angle,TIA and angle recess area,ARA) examination were performed at enrollment and 2 weeks,6 months and 12 months after laser treatment. The changes of UBM parameters were compared between groups using two-way repeated measurements of analysis of variance. Results The angle widths of both group after laser treatment were significantly wider than that before treatment( AOD,TIA and ARA before and after laser treatment were( 56. 0 ± 40. 6) μm,( 115. 8 ± 57. 3) μm,( 5. 7 ± 4. 3) degree,( 12. 3 ± 5. 9) degree and( 0. 013 ± 0. 010) mm2,( 0. 029 ± 0. 014) mm2respectively in group A; and were( 28. 9 ± 18. 7) μm,( 101. 7 ± 45. 5) μm,( 3. 1 ± 2. 1) degree,( 11. 1 ± 4. 8) degree and( 0. 007 ± 0. 005) mm2,( 0. 025 ± 0. 011) mm2respectively in group B; P 0. 01. No significant difference of changes of UBM parameters were found between groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion Both iridotomy alone or combined with iridoplasty can significantly widen the anterior angle,but the effect of difference was not remarkable different between the two laser treatments( alone or combined).


Objective:Recent guidelines recommend the immediate performance of a coronary angiography when an acute myocardial infarction is suspected as a cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, prehospital factors such as postresuscitation electrocardiogram pattern or clinical features are poorly sensitive in this setting. We searched to evaluate if an early measurement of cardiac troponin I can help to detect a recent coronary occlusion in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Design:Retrospective analysis of a prospective electronic registry database. Setting:University cardiac arrest center. Patients:Between January 2003 and December 2008, 422 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors without obvious extra-cardiac cause have been consecutively studied. An immediate coronary angiography has been systematically performed. The primary outcome was the finding of a recent coronary occlusion. Intervention:First, blood cardiac troponin I levels at admission were analyzed to assess the optimum cutoff for identifying a recent coronary occlusion. Second, a logistic regression was performed to determine early predictive factors of a recent coronary occlusion (including cardiac troponin I) and their respective contribution. Measurements and Main Results:An ST-segment elevation was present in 127 of 422 patients (30%). During coronary angiography, a recent occlusion has been detected in 193 of 422 patients (46%). The optimum cardiac troponin I threshold was determined at 4.66 ng·mL−1 (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 66.4%). In multivariate analyses, in addition of smoking and epinephrine initial dose, cardiac troponin I (odds ratio 3.58 [2.03–6.32], p < .001) and ST-segment elevation (odds ratio 10.19 [5.39–19.26], p < .001) were independent predictive factors of a recent coronary occlusion. Conclusions:In this large cohort of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, isolated early cardiac troponin I measurement is modestly predictive of a recent coronary occlusion. Furthermore, the contribution of this parameter even in association with other factors does not seem helpful to predict recent occlusion. As a result and given the high benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention for such patients, the dosage of cardiac troponin I at admission could not help in the decision of early coronary angiogram.


Space charge is formed in cables insulated with crosslinked polyethylene. It has not been clear whether the crosslinking byproducts or the crosslinked polymer morphology is responsible for the space charge formation. In order to clarify this point additive-free noncrosslinked low-density polyethylene, additive-free crosslinked polyethylene, and degassed crosslinked polyethylene were soaked in the crosslinking byproducts and the space charge distribution was measured after DC voltage application. Samples tested are divided into two categories. The first category is a soaked single-layered sheet and the second category is a two-layered specimen consisting of a soaked sheet and a nonsoaked sheet. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. (1) Cumyl alcohol is responsible for homocharge layers in front of the electrodes in both low-density and crosslinked polyethylene sheets. (2) Acetophenone is responsible for heterocharge formation in crosslinked polyethylene, presumably as a synergistic effect with water. (3) alpha -methylstyrene has no effect on space charge formation in low-density polyethylene, while it assists charge trapping in crosslinked polyethylene. (4) Charge trapping occurs easier in degassed crosslinked polyethylene than in low-density polyethylene, probably because of carbonyl groups induced by crosslinking


The Yale Summer School of Alcohol Studies, founded by E. M. Jellinek, held its second annual session in July 1944. "The Problems of Alcohol" was one of the introductory lectures presented by Jellinek that year. It is here reprinted from "Alcohol, Science and Society" (published by Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, New Haven, 1945), where it appeared as Lecture 2 (pp. 13–28). This is the second in a series of reprints constituting a part of the observance by this Journal of the Jellinek Septuagenary in 1960. Details of this observance were announced in Quart. J. Stud, Alc. 21 (No. 1): 1–4, March 1960.


ABSTRACT Do the audiences reached by different media touchpoints match category user profiles? Does a second media touchpoint help reach a new audience? To provide answers, the current study analyzed 16 touchpoints across 23 data sets. Audiences reached by television, gift-packs, in-store displays, and outdoor advertisements closely matched category user profiles. Most other media skewed to heavy category users. Positive word of mouth and social media also skewed to heavy brand users. This knowledge can help advertisers select media to reach certain types of buyers. Analysis of media pairs also revealed that second touchpoints tended to add more duplicate than new audience. Therefore, media should be added only after exhausting the capacity of the first media to achieve cost-efficient reach.


The gas phase calibration source of hydroxyl radical was established using photolysis of H\-2O at 184.9?nm UV\|light produced by low\|pressure Hg lamp.The concentration of OH was inferred from the concentrations of O\-3 and H\-2O in the flow.The OH concentration was also measured using salicylic acid liquid phase scrubbing and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique.The relationship between the calculated and measured OH concentrations was relatively uniform.The surface effect in the photolysis tube was studied using laser\|induced fluorescence signal and was not of importance.


The lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) belongs to the most important leguminous plants in Asia. It is a very popular and highly nutritious food. However, small pod size and low yield limit its agricultural use. Through irradiation mutagenesis of dry lentil seeds by C-12(6+) ion beam, we found some lines with excellent agricultural traits in M2 progeny at doses of 90 Gy (grey), such as height increase and improvement of the number of branches and three-seed pods as well as seeds with increased grain yield. Six generations of irradiated lentils were screened for these traits. In the M8 generation, the grain yield of three high-yielding lentil lines (lines hyl-1, hyl-2, and hyl-3) reached 212.4%, 195.3% and 190.8%, respectively, of the non-irradiated controls. The results indicated that crop improvement was stable inherited across the generations. Statistical analysis revealed that the increase in grain yield was due to increased total pod number and seeds per pod. Fortunately, adverse effects of irradiation (e.g. reduced germination rates and poor pollen vitality) disappeared over the eight generations. In conclusion, we present a practical method for the improvement of lentils through radiation breeding, leading to high yielding cultivars, which could support the use of this crop in agriculture.


When does an ostensibly multicausal thesis end up as a monocausal one? The answer to the conundrum might be when two authors to a single work seem to be working along distinct lines but in which on...


The shear-induced molecular orientation of a nematic liquid crystal, 5CB (4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl) was studied in a newly-developed apparatus in which the liquid crystal was confined between optical windows at a film thickness that is continuously variable. The molecular orientation was measured in situ during shear in the presence and absence of DC electrical bias between the two surfaces. In this preliminary study we present findings for a spacing of 10 µm, which is comparable to the spacing of actual liquid crystal display technology. Fourier transform infrared time resolved spectroscopy (FTIR-TRS) synchronized with the shear motion provided the molecular orientation as a function of time during the shear cycle. Only a slight orientation along the shear direction was found in the isotropic state but, in the homeotropic state, the molecular orientations in response to shear reflected a competition process between orientation in orthogonal directions. Shear promoted orientation parallel to the confining plates, and a DC bias voltage promoted orientation perpendicular to the confining plates.


Considered municipal legal structure of the local community, are not fixed in the current Russian legislation, but the existing scientific model. Defined essentially, meaningful local community as a special way of organized locality. Analyses of the areas and levels of activity of local communities. Disclosed model of relation with local public and municipal authorities, their critical estimation is given. Described disadvantages and threats of the conflict model of interaction of population and authorities of local self-government. As an optimal model of interaction of population and authorities at the local level, discusses their collaboration on a parity basis. The population of the local community is able to act in order to implement and achieve not only private, but also public interest. Self-defense is positioned as one of the forms, the original purpose of the existence and activities of local communities. The means of implementation of the local self-defense communities, of which the author considers the participation of population in local referendums, meetings, gatherings, public hearings, etc., the activities of local public organizations.


The present invention is a semiconductor memory device, the package level, direct voltage test of the present invention possible is received in a package state can be outside the electrical connections, and input and output, or supplying a predetermined DC link voltage in a test mode, the normal signal in the normal mode a plurality of bonding pads: generating at least one DC link voltage generated by the DC voltage means: and any of the plurality of bonding pads one, is connected between one of the internal DC voltage generating means, in the test mode It switched on, and at least one or more switching means is oFF switching from the normal mode: and being connected between at least another two or more bonding pads of the plurality of bonding pads, in response to the test drive signal supplied from the outside of the switching means of the switching control signal for on / off at least one It characterized in that it comprises a switching control means for sex. Therefore, the present invention can be used in combination to general control pad in direct-current voltage test pad can suppress the increase in chip size and can test a number of direct-current voltage at the package level.


Purpose: The objective of this pilot study is to examine in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients possible contact allergens, using Patch test, to evaluate the levels of total IgE in them, to determine the familial and personal history of atopy and thus to determine the subtype- "extrinsic" or "intrinsic" AD. Methods: Patch testing with European Baseline Series was used in 15 AD patients. The serum levels of IgE are evaluated, using immunochemical automated analyzer on the base of chemiluminescence. The diagnose "atopic dermatitis" was set by the diagnostic criteria of Hanifin and Rajka. Results: Seven (46.67 %) of the patients had positive reactions to some of the tested allergens. Four patients did not have any positive reactions but higher IgE. These 11 patients (73.33 %) are classified as "extrinsic" AD. The most frequent contact allergen is Ni. Four patients (26.67 %) are determined as "intrinsic" AD. Conclusions: Our pilot study shows near in the half of the AD patients reactions to some of the tested allergens, which supposed the role of the environment and the contact allergens as triggers in the exacerbation of AD. We consider that the AD specifying into "extrinsic" and "intrinsic" subtype could help for the right course of treatment, diet and suspect allergens avoidance.


We present broadband NIR spectroscopy of the X‐ray binaries A0620‐00, Cen X‐4, V404 Cyg, and GX 13+1. The NIR spectra consist of emission from the late‐type donor star and the accretion disk. In A0620‐00 and Cen X‐4, the donor star is the dominant component but there are emission lines from the accretion disk as well as evidence of a continuum disk component. In V404 Cyg, there are no signatures of the accretion disk in the NIR spectrum, whereas in GX13+1, the accretion disk is the dominant emitter. Using spectra of field stars of known spectral type, we have examined the donor star absorption spectra in these systems. The apparent spectral types of the donor stars in A0620‐00 and Cen X‐4 are those of late‐type dwarf stars (K7 or later). In A0620‐00, the weakness of the 12CO bandhead features relative to the atomic lines indicates a depleted carbon abundance in the system, [C/H] = −1.5. The spectrum of Cen X‐4 does not show this abundance anomaly. The donor stars in the V404 Cyg and GX13+1 are evolved, bu...


A fast ray tracing algorithm from sequence tomographic images for digitally reconstructed radiograph was presented. A ray tracing algorithm based on vector was adopted, and using computed tomography data simulated the absorption of radiation from human tissues,. The algorithm only has the addition and the subtraction operation, and the computation is simple. The algorithm does not need to obtain the corresponding intersection by solving the equation, and it has the characteristics of short imaging time and fast computing speed. At the same time, this paper improves the algorithm of 3D prosthesis storage and retrieval, and the algorithm realized online digitally reconstructed radiograph calculation, which greatly improves the computing speed. Finally, the digitally reconstructed radiograph images obtained in this paper were further processed digitally to improve their practical value.


Previous studies have shown that ruins of ancient city are ideal objects in reflecting intensity of human activities,population fluctuation and environmental change in historical times.Most of ancient cities in Mu Us Desert were built for military,politics and migration.Therefore,location of these cities was limited by water supply,geomorphology,land capacity and so on.It explained the distribution model of these cities.Through investigation into these ruins,we noticed that surface water in Mu Us Desert showed a trend of desiccation in historical times,which would contribute to the understanding of the abandonment of ancient cities.A great many of lakes were totally desiccated,and some shrank;nearly all rivers' flux decreased;some springs disappeared,and so on.However,it was noted that some new lakes appeared and thus local environment rehabilitated with the impact of lake level at the same time.For example,the appearance of Hongjian Nur in 1928 improved surface water environment of Zhongji.To sum up,the surface water environment change during the past two millennia is highly related to climate changes.Water environment started to be affected severely by human since the end of Qing Dynasty,with a increase of intensity of human activities.


We aim to study the Aktionsart or lexical aspect of chromatic verbal expressions such as rougir de colère (blush with anger). The aim is twofold. First, to show that the verb blush in these expressions is not the same as the one that appears in purely chromatic uses such as Les pommes rougissent au soleil (Apples blush in the sun). Secondly, to explain the originality of Aktionsart's "chromo-affective" use of blush


Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a typical complication of monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancy related to the presence of vascular anastomosis on the surface of the shared placenta1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Introduction Initial healthcare delivery after warfront injury is unpredictably challenging for military forces. As preparatory training, healthcare providers use simulation to improve their performance in stressful critical situations. This study investigated whether a digital CA held by the team leader improved performance in simulated combat casualty care. Methods This randomized controlled trial was performed during a combat casualty training course for military physicians and nurses in France. Each pair of care providers completed 2 scenarios randomized to be undertaken either with or without a digital CA. The primary end point was the technical performance evaluated from a video recording by 2 independent raters using a pre-established score grid (up to 100%) according to military protocols. The secondary end point was the nontechnical performance (TEAM scale, maximum: 54 points). Results Thirty-six pairs of participants were included. Use of the digital CA improved both technical (74% vs 53%, P < 0.001) and nontechnical (42 vs 32, P < 0.001) performance. Conclusions The digital CA improved technical and nontechnical performance during training of medical care for military combat casualties. Use of a dedicated digital CA might improve care in a combat environment. Study Type This study is a randomized controlled trial.


In this work, we seek to find how the information about consonant recognition pertaining to the various phonemes is distributed in frequency. For this task, we used the mutual information between phonetic labels and spectral energy. The analysis was performed in the perspective of cochlear implants and how information is distributed among the various channels of the cochlear implant. The calculation of mutual information was performed for each of the six channels. The computed values of mutual information between phonetic labels and spectral energy were relatively high for channels 4, 5 and 6. This indicates that those high frequency channels contain relatively high amount of information about phonetic classification for consonant stimuli and is consistent with the existing results from the intelligibility tests. Remarkable correspondence between the mutual information values of individual channels for consonant stimuli and the frequency importance functions for consonant recognition was observed.


Student death is relatively rare campus emergency,which is one of the most serious and difficult issues to resolve in student affairs.In the process of emergency treatment,improved warning mechanism is the prerequisite security,rapid joint response is the effective guarantee,timely and effective communication with student's parents is the key link,complete aftermath under the premise of understanding and respecting their wishes is the top priority.Emergency rescue measures education is the necessary condition to solve such incidents successfully.


The invention relates to a two-shaft gearbox (1) for a vehicle. The two-shaft gearbox (1) has a drive shaft (4) and an output shaft (5). On the drive shaft (4) are drive gear wheels (6 to 8) for the forward gears (G1 to G6) and a drive gear for a reverse gear (R) is arranged. On the output shaft (5) are driven gears (10 to 12) for the forward gears (G1 to G6) and a driven gear for the reverse gear (R) is arranged. Switching elements (14) bring pairwise drive gear wheels (6 to 8) with output gears (10 to 12) via synchronized clutches (15, 16) in engagement. The two-shaft gearbox (1) comprises a planetary gear (18) engageable by a double clutch (20) with the drive shaft (4) of the two-stage gear engaged. Each gear pair (27 to 29) of drive gear (6 to 8) and driven gear (10 to 12) transmits torques of two forward gears (G1 to G6).


This document presents a spurious Main Steam Isolation Value (MSIV) closure analysis for Santa Maria de Garorta Nuclear Power Plan describing the problems found when comparing calculated and real data. The plant is a General Electric Boiling Water Reactor 3, containment type Mark 1. It is operated by NUCLENOR, S.A. and was connected to the grid in 1971. The analysis has been performed by the Apphed Physics Department from the University of Cantabria and the Analysis and Operation Section from NUCLENOR, S.A. as a part of an agreement for developing an engineering simulator of operational transients and accidents for Santa Maria de Gamma Power Plant. The analysis was performed using the frozen version of TRAC-BFI (GlJl) code and is the second of two NUCLENOR contributions to the International Code Applications and Assessment Program (ICAP). The code was run in a Cyber 932 with operating system NOS/VE, property of NUCLENOR, S.A.. A programming effort was carried out in order to provide suitable graphics from the output file.


The large capacity wind turbines state inspecting and fault diagnosis system is a key for ensuring the turbine extended stably run and safed wind turbine has strong nonlinear,using the nonlinear mapping characteristic of the neural networks,a BP neural networks fault diagnosis method which bases on wave direct analysis is proposed,which watches the work state of the wind turbine convertors merging networks circuit dynamically,processes real time online fault diagnosis,and analyses and confirms the position and character of the merging networks fault and shorten the fault stop time of the wind turbine.The actual run results show the method is effective.


A Stein-Tomas type inequality and a (weak) decoupling inequality are proved by using the polynomial partitioning method. Both estimates are related closely to Waring's problem.


Objective Telecytologic diagnosis of pleural effusion smears is potentially useful because it could allow more efficient use of cytopathologist resources and expertise. The purpose of our investigation was to evaluate how well this type of review correlates with a review in which the entire slide is available for examination by the pathologist. Materials and Methods 35 pleural effusion smears with different diagnosis were selected retrospectively. They includ 16 benign, 5 suspicious for malignancy and 14 malignant which were confirmed with two expert cytopathologists. For each slide number 3 to 11 fields containing abnormal cells were digitally imaged. Pathologists reviewed all glass slides and digitized images individually. Diagnoses based on selected digitized images were compared with those based on conventional review. The kappa static, a measure of chance-corrected agreement (reproducibility), was calculated in each setting. Results The interobserver kappa value for the 3 observer for the glass slides was 76%. The interobserver kappa value for the digital images was 67%. Conclusion The disagreement between a pathologist's glass slide and digital diagnose (mean intraobserver kappa value = 73%) is greater than that for different pathologists reviewing glass slides (mean slide interobserver kappa value= 76%). Overall, intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of pleural effusion slides (consists of direct smear after centrifugation and cytospin preparation) diagnoses is good to excellent.


This report updates and supersedes the technical positions NRC established in NUREG-0313, ''Technical Report on Material Selection and Processing Guidelines for BWR Coolant Pressure Boundary Piping,'' published in July 1977, and its subsequent revision published in July 1980. This report sets forth the NRC staff's revised acceptable methods to control the intergranular stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of BWR ASME Code Class 1, 2, and 3 pressure boundary piping and safe ends. For piping that does not fully comply with the material selection, testing, and processing guideline combinations of this document, varying degrees of augmented inservice inspection will be required, pursuant to 10 CFR 50.55a(g)(6)(ii). This revision also includes guidance regarding crack evaluation and weld overlay repair methods for long term operation or for continuing interim operation of plants until a more permanent solution is implemented.


Objective To analyze the cause of death and related factors of death of SLE,to explore the method of reducing mortality rate. Methods 31 death cases of hospitalized patients with SLE were analyzed retrospectively, and investigated the relations between the causes of death and clinical related factors. Results The mortality rate of patients in this group was 9.7% ,26 cases( 83.9% )were dead of organ lesion which was caused by SLE ,5 cases( 16.1% )were dead of infection. The clinical related factors for the death of these patients were long time diagnostic errors, failing to promptly adjust the immunosuppressive therapy according to the disease,poor treatment compliance etc. Conclusion The main cause of death of patients in this group is still the organ lesion caused by SLE, the reason is immunosuppressive therapy relatively conservative. Early diagnosis, timely and reasonable immunosuppressive therapy, positive patients education and enhancing patient's treatment compliance can improve the survival rate of SLE.

Key words:
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Cause of death


OBJECTIVE
To sift the main effective factors of active component of Forsythia suspense.

METHOD
The active component of F. suspense was mensurated by HPLC, and the contents of nutrition in soil was determined by conventional methods. The active component of F. suspense and the nutrition of soil collected from different regions was analyzed by SPSS 11.0 for windows software package. Accounted the partial correlation coefficients of soil factor to the active component of F. suspense, and established regression equations.

RESULT
Soil available phosphorus is the most important factor that effected forsythiaside content in the seeds of F. suspense, followed by kalium, pH, FACT; Forsythin in the seeds of F. suspense is mainly effected by soil abailable kalium and FACT; pH is the important factor effected Forsythinin in F. suspense, followed by soil available phosphorus, soil available kalium, and FACT; and the main effectivefactors of forsythiaside in F. suspense are soil available phosphorus, soil available kalium.

CONCLUSION
The contents of nutrition in soil is one of important factors which affect the active component of F. suspense.


Beyond the Ivory Tower: International Relations Theory and the Issue of Policy Relevance, by Joseph Lepgold and Miroslav Nincic, New York, Columbia University Press, 2001 Being Useful: Policy Relevance and International Relations Theory. By Miroslav Nincic and Joseph Lepgold, eds., Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2000. ON 'BEING USEFUL': THE SCIENCE OF ADVICE TO THE PRINCE (a review article)


There is a demand for the development of underground space beneath alienated land by a third party other than the surface landowner. Arguments frequently arise because the surface landowner asserts that his rights extend to ownership extension, while the other party wishes to develop the underground space without interfering with the rights of others. Due to Malaysia's absent of land use zoning for underground space, the rights to develop underground space are ambiguous. Using a qualitative approach, this study will examine the role of land use zoning in assisting the development of underground spaces. Thematic analyses revealed three interconnected elements: underground land use zoning, standardisation of land category depths, and a buffer zone for surface and underground space ownership. Additionally, a comparative study was conducted between Malaysia, Hong Kong, China, Japan, and Finland in order to determine the optimal strategy for zoning underground space land uses. At the conclusion of this paper, verticalland use zoning was also proposed.


American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 1941-3289. Online ISSN: 2013 Copyright © TX 72514 Circulation: Heart Failure is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.00013


For molecular imaging using ultrasound, targeted ultrasound contrast agents are used that consist of encapsulated gas microbubbles. For this application, the strength of adhesion between a microbubble and a cell surface is an important factor. This research focuses on the evaluation of the binding force between a streptavidin-coated surface, which mimics a cell surface, and biotinylated lipid coated microbubbles by detaching the microbubbles with ultrasound radiation force. Our results show that ultrasound radiation force can be used to determine the binding force between a targeted microbubble and a surface.


physics of history has symbolic and not empirical validity. When Troeltsch distinguishes between communal and societal periods, and interprets the present period as the development towards a new communal period and even towards a religious re-integration-such assertion is very questionable to say the least, if it is to be understood in an empirical sense. But as soon as this assertion is understood not as an empirical expectation but as a symbolic interpretation of history, it acquires a different significance. "Re-integration" or better, the synthesis of autonomous cultural and societal creativity with religious traditions into a "theonomous" unity is the social-ethical goal in an absolute sense. Its realization in the endless tensions between autonomy and theonomy is the great theme of history in all periods. Certain periods, like late antiquity or like the Middle Ages, can symbolically represent the one or both, poles. And by contemplating them, motives for the transformation of one's own cultural situation can arise. But this has nothing to do with attempts to develop an empirical periodization of history. It contains no scientific judgment concerning the present. It is not historiography or even philosophy of history, but rather an ethical-prophetic attitude (which is, in any case, more important than the other), and it is the attitude towards whose portals Troeltsch has led us, and which is the deepest meaning of his work. The logical, empirical and philosophical problems of history are not excluded by such a prophetic view of history. The questions of economic and social history as well as those of intellectual history remain valid.


We have prepared blue polymer-small molecule hybrid electroluminescence devices with improved efficiency and lower driving voltage by the statistical design method. Analysis of time-of-flight measurement shows that amorphous small molecule hole-transporter blended with a blue light-emitting polymer increases the field-dependent hole mobility, with transition from nondispersive to dispersive transport induced by the charge-trapping effect. Moreover, at the electroluminescent devices with different electron injection/transport layer (LiF/Al, LiF/Ca/Al, and Alq3/LiF/Al), efficiency was further increased. We have analyzed that carrier mobility of a multilayered device can also be controlled by the change of electron injection and transport layers. We find that structural design and matching overall charge balance is an essential factor to improve both the operating voltage and efficiency of existing blue polymer devices.


By combining driver's ability with the machine intelligence, we are trying to augment the system with the combination of both roles during driving. The human-in-the-loop hybrid-augmented system is expected to monitor and model drivers' behavior; while the current datasets for driving mainly focus on the data of scene. The lack of the driver's data restricts the capability to understand driver's inner state. In the paper, we supply an effective way to monitor the driver and construct a simulation system for the human-in-the-loop autonomous driving, which realizes the modeling of driver's behavior. Based on it, we provide a data acquisition scheme for both driver's behavior and scene content and subsequently construct the corresponding dataset. For the simulated driving dataset, we provide a method for evaluating the human-in-the-loop-system, which can help the community to develop such human-in-the-loop systems.


This paper mentions two major studies on the delamination of external wall tile structures. External wall tile structures are usually made of tile, adhesive mortar, and concrete, and the interfaces between layers are considered to be a weak location against delamination. First, from the viewpoint of reaction, the heating experiment of a small scale tile structure was conducted. The temperature distribution in the through-thickness direction was measured with a thermography, and, based on the measured temperature, the stresses at the interface are estimated with simple analytical models. Next, from the viewpoint of resistance, the measurement of interfacial fracture energy and fatigue strength between concrete and polymer cement mortar were carried out. The interfacial bond strengths and their S-N diagrams are obtained. Based on the studies of reaction and resistance, the mechanisms of interfacial failure observed in external wall tile structures are discussed in order to achieve the durability of the interface and the tile structures.


The university of the studies in Trento, February 25-26th 2010, has organized an international conference about "Chiara Lubich : from Trento to the world", with the participation of researchers of various scientific disciplines and different countries of the world. The papers, of high quality, describe the historical and local cultural background of Chiara Lubich that it opens on a more and more scenery ; the impact of her thought in economic field and the ideation of the concept "economy of communion" ; the communicative model and the ability to reach all over the world subjects of cultures, traditions and different faiths ; the importance assumed by her thought, in philosophical field, on the theme of the philosophy of the love, as , in ethical-religious field, on the paradigms of the theology and on the universal message of the unity ; the profile assumed in educationnal ambit and, at the same time, the effective and evangelical position in theme of interreligious dialogue and pomotion of the universal message of peace.


[1] This study uses a 23 year (1979–2001) satellite-gauge merged community data set to further describe the relationship between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and precipitation. The globally complete precipitation fields reveal coherent bands of anomalies that extend from the tropics to the polar regions. El Nino-precipitation relationships were analyzed during the six strongest events from 1979 to 2001. El Ninos were defined based on the zonal contrast in rainfall in the equatorial Pacific, and seasons of precipitation evolution (pre-onset, onset, peak, decay, and postdecay) were identified. Areas with a consistent El Nino-precipitation relationship were determined based on this unique definition of El Nino and season of year. The latter analysis confirms previous studies and suggests other areas of significant signal over the oceans (Gulf of Alaska). The former analysis reveals subtle shifts in tropical rainfall from onset to decay, namely negative anomalies moving from the Maritime Continent and South Pacific to the north tropical Pacific and positive anomalies from the central equatorial Pacific southeastward. These distributions of tropical convection appear to be connected to extratropical precipitation anomalies through meridional atmospheric circulations, concentrated in the eastern Indian Ocean sector during onset and in the Pacific sector during decay. The Yangtze River basin, which is known to flood during El Nino, is affected during the entire evolution.


This study discussed about provision of grants is based on governor regulation of Bali number 2 of 2017 on Guidelines for Grant and Social Assistance, focusing on the implementation arrangement based on related Governor regulation and its relations with Article Number 298 (5) on Law Number 23         of 2014, which has caused different interpretation about the grant provision arrangement implemented by Bali Provincial Government. The study is done by using normative legal research, along with several approaches, such as legislation approach, legal concept approach, as well as case-based approach utilizing primary an d secondary legal sources with combination of snowball technique and card system to obtain all laws and regulations related to the issue studied. The objective of this studyis to formulate solutiontothe conflicting norms in the existing legislation in order to provide legal certainty for the community. The study shows that grant provision arrangement implemented by Bali Provincial Government is based on Bali Governor Regulation, Provision which was formulated based on Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 14 Year 2016 on the Second Amendment to the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 32 Year 2011. It is found that the source of the conflicting norm sinimplementing grant provision at Bali Province comes fom the inconsistency between those regulations because the afore mentioned Governor Regulation has arranged for a logical flow of grant provision to community organizations not listed in the ministerial decree in order to support cultural sustain ability and development in Bali.


A NEW edition of the dietary guidelines has been issued by the federal Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services. In seven recommendations it updates the previous edition, issued in 1985: (1) Eat a variety of foods. (2) Maintain a healthy weight. (3) Choose a diet low in fat. (4) Consume plenty of vegetables, fruits, and grain products. (5) Use sugar in moderation. (6) Use salt and sodium moderately. (7) If drinking alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation. Unlike the two previous editions of the guidelines, the latest version is specific on certain issues. For example, it recommends that women take only one alcoholic drink per day; men should limit themselves to two. Regarding dietary fat, the guidelines recommend that the total should amount to no more than 30% of calories, preferably less. Thus, in an 8.4-kJ/d (2000 calorie/d) diet, there should be no more than 67 g of


Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is a hidden hunger which can affect at every stage of human development especially pregnant women and children.
Aim: The study was carried out to ascertain the effect of "ewa", "uturukpa" and "uchakiri" on iron status of rat.
Methods: The vegetables were purchased from Oriemba market Akpugo in Nkanu West Local Government Area of Enugu State. The vegetables were trimmed, washed with deionized water and drained. The vegetables were ground using electric blender. Methanolic extraction was done using a modified method. All the analysis were carried out using a standard method.
Results: The results obtained were 2.67-3.52 mg iron, 0.52-0.89 mg copper, 1.56-7.43 mg zinc, 2.42-120.70 mg calcium 10.16-39.10 mg magnesium, and 68.80-90.40 mg potassium. The mean serum ferritin, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and RBC all increased gradually after consumption of leaves extract.
Conclusion: The result showed that ethanol leaf extract of Vitex doniana, "ewa" and "uturukpa" posseses anti-anemic potentials that are capable of reducing the risk of iron deficiency anemia in the society.


This paper analyzes an influence of an imperfect symbol timing estimate on the space-time coded modulation error performance. We use a concept of the self-noise to describe this influence. We derive an expression for the white self-noise approximation in slowly and fast Rayleigh flat fading MIMO channel. The self-noise is shown to cause a substantial performance degradation which is emphasized by the dimensionality of the MIMO channel.


Nowadys, hospital is facing of global competiton era in every field. More or less of new patient is one of the problem of hospital. as a new hospital that has a marketing unit and will  develop more of excellent service programs, hospital have to  do evaluation of mix marketing programs that have implementated. the purpose of this study is. The kind of this study was a descriptive study with qualytatif approach by indeepth interview , observation and secondary data. There were eight respondent that choosen by purposive sampling. The results of this study were marketing process of hasanuddin university hospital was still has not a pattern yet, just promotion. Service price was base on unit cost of every installation. Then, easy to find outpatient installation  because it was at the first floor,  the kind of promotion media were brochure, sticker, magazine, website and company visitation. There was hospital funding for training to develop of human resources ability, admission for service easily, prepare of facilities by priority scale. The conclusion of this study was all of marketing mix have attentioned by hospital in making of marketing program.But also have to optimalisation of another product that still has not favorite yet  and increase of promotion by electronic or mass media.


Summary Four inexperienced operators used a Smith's Essem Metatest ultrasonic grader and a Philips Sonatest instrument to estimate the thickness of tissue overlying the M. longissimus dorsi at three sites over the tenth intercostal space of live steers. They also measured skin fold thickness over the central site using a micrometer. Suprafascial (selvedge) and total carcass fat were measured at corresponding sites on the chilled carcasses. The residual standard deviations from multiple and simple regressions of suprafascial and total carcass fat thickness on the ultrasonic readings of different operators, using both instruments over the three sites with and without a measurement of skin thickness were compared. The following conclusions were drawn. Use of a constant distance from the midline of the live animal to locate the site for ultrasonic point measurement would lead to errors in estimating fat thickness at a specific anatomical location. If the edge of the M. 1. dorsi is palpated to locate the measurement site, estimates of carcass fat thickness with a residual standard deviation of 2·5 mm are possible by relatively inexperienced operators using single point reading ultrasonic instruments. Fat deposition between the fascial sheath and the underlying M. 1. dorsi is a source of inaccuracy when estimating carcass fat cover particularly at sites closer to the midline and on fatter animals. Using the Metatest instrument, fat cover could bo estimated in the live animal with an accuracy similar to that reported by other workers using the Scanogram. Using the Sonatest instrument the estimates were generally slightly less accurate especially at the most lateral site. Inclusion of a measurement of skin thickness gave a very slight but consistent improvement in accuracy of estimation of carcass fat cover.


The present study focused on the nematicidal activities of bio-molecules extracted from mushrooms against M. incognita. The experimental results revealed that the highest hatching inhibition and the juvenile mortality were recorded with the ethyl acetate fraction of cell-free culture (CFC) filtrate of Ganoderma lucidum followed by Lentinus edodes. At 1000 ppm concentration, the bio-active molecules of G. lucidum exhibited the maximum inhibition of egg hatching (92.6%) and juvenile mortality (93.2%) of M. incognita at 72 hours of incubation. GC –MS analysis of G. lucidum revealed the presence of 23 compounds viz. ., Octadecane,3-ethyl-5-(2-ethyl butyl), Decane, Undecane, 3,7-dimethyl-, Dihydroartemisinin, Benzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethyl-, Heptadecane, 2,6,10,15-tetramethyl-, 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-phenol, 1-Propanamine, Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-,1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl octyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Dibutyl phthalate, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol, Methyl stearate, Cyclohexane, Octadecanoic acid, Deoxyspergualin, Methyl glycocholate, 3TMS derivative, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, TMS derivative, Spirost-8-en-11-one, 3-hydroxy-, 1H-Indene, 1-hexadecyl-2,3-dihydro- and Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate. Among these, 2, 4-Di-tert-butyl-phenol, n-Hexadecanoic acid and Dibutyl phthalate might have been responsible for antinemic activity.


The rice leafhopper is one of the main paddy pest species in China, while the paddy spider is the primary predator of the rice leafhopper. In the past, the degree of damage that suffered as a result of paddy pests and the control manifested by paddy spiders toward pests was generally determined by the qualitative research method, which can hardly accurately reflect the dangerous degree of the pest toward the rice and the controlling ability of the spider toward the pest. This research focuses primarily on the quantitative measure of the nutritive relationship in the food chain among the rice plant, leafhoppers and spiders of the dominant species. By adopting lanthanide-europium as a fluorescent tracer for the first time, this test aims to provide the theoretical basis for further discovery of the function of the spider community's control over leafhoppers' reproduction. \;Research materials\ The rice plant, leafhoppers (Nephotettix bipunctatus), dominant spider species: Pirate subpiraticus, Tetragnatha japonica, Ummelita insecticeps, Eu_2O_3, etc.In this experiment by planting early rice and late rice during the 2000 season, the following results were obtained:The chosen lanthanide-europium was used in the experiment in which the dissolved europium in the soil was absorbed by the rice plant. Leafhoppers live on the plant while spiders prey on the leafhoppers for food. So the feasibility of using the fluorescent tracer in the quantitative analysis of the nutritive relationship in the food chain had been proven. Seven days after the europium was applied to the soil, the content of the europium in the rice plant was measured. In the early rice plant during its pregnant stage , each gram of fresh stem and leaf contained europium at 1.799μg and 2.610μg,respectively. Whereas, during the middle of tiller period of the late rice plant, each gram of fresh sheath and leaf contained europium at 1.701μg and 3.10μg,respectively. The content of europium in the leaf was always more than that in the stem or in the sheath.Measuring the amount of europium in the leafhoppers who lived on early rice plant and late rice plant after three days, each gram of fresh insects contained europium at 17.456μg and 13.64μg levels respectively. Based on the total weight of 100 leafhoppers (428mg in early rice, 373mg in late rice) , then each group of 100 leafhoppers contained europium at 7.475μg in early rice and 5.074μg in late rice 100 leafhoppers ate 1.13g early rice plant and 0.71g late rice plant every day by estimation. Tested spiders were fed leafhoppers.After three days, the average amount of europium content in each gram of fresh spiders Pirate subpiraticus, Tetragnatha japonica and Ummelita insecticeps was 7.55μg, 4.12μg and 11.96μg, respectively. Each gram of spiders contain 50 Pirate subpiraticus or 45 Tetragnatha japonica or 370 Ummelita insecticeps. 15.10μg, 9.17μg and 3.23μg of europium were found in 100 spiders of Pirate subpiraticus, Tetragnatha japonica and Ummelita insecticeps respectively. Therefore, the individual number of eaten leafhoppers by Pirate subpiraticus or Tetragnatha japonica or Ummelita insecticeps in one day was 4.63 or 2.81 or 1.0, respectively.The predatory ability of the spider Pirate subpiraticus against leafhoppers is superior to that of Tetragnatha japoica, while Tetragnatha japoica's ability is superior to that of Ummelita insecticep.


Many people living with HIV who need antiretroviral therapy are unable to access or remain in care. This is often because of the time and cost required to travel to health centres. One strategy to address this problem is to move antiretroviral delivery from hospitals to more peripheral health facilities or even beyond health facilities. This could increase the number of people with access to care, enhance retention in treatment programmes, improve health outcomes and reduce costs to people living with HIV and AIDS and health services. However, there are some concerns about the quality of decentralised care and whether health outcomes are equivalent to more centralised care.


Over a three-year period (1990-1992), the factors influencing the use of family planning among the 7,902 clients attending the Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria (PPFN) Clinic in Ilorin were studied. The patients were predominantly females (74.1%). Urban residents (66.1%), educated clients (77.4%), clients aged 25-39 years (73%), and those with three or more children (74.8%) are more likely to use family planning. More Moslems (61%) than Christians (39%) appear to embrace family planning practice in Ilorin.


In this paper we continue the study of the complex Beil met- rics, in complex Finsler geometry, (18). Primarily, we determine the main geometric objects corresponding to these metrics, e.g. the Chern-Finsler complex non-linear connection, the Chern-Finsler complex linear connec- tion and the holomorphic curvature. We focus our study on the cases when a complex Finsler space, endowed with a complex Beil metric, becomes weakly K ahler and K ahler. Also, our study proves that a given complex Finsler metric is projectively related to its associated complex Beil met- ric. As an application of this theory, we set the variational problem of the complex Beil metric constructed with the weakly gravitational metric. In this case wend the Chern-Finsler complex non-linear connection by using another approach.


The enantiomeric dipeptidic ligand N,N′-terephthaloyl-bis(L-phenylalaninato) (TBPhe2–) reacts with copper(II) acetate in ethanol under the formation of the hexanuclear double-layered triangular-prismatic cluster [Cu2(μ4-TBPhe-κO : κO′ : κO″ : κO′″)2(EtOH)(H2O)]3·∼28(H2O/0.33EtOH) with C3-symmetry, homochiral conformer assembly in the crystal and strong antiferromagnetic coupling within the Cu2(O2CR)4 paddle-wheel unit (J = −214 K).


AIM:To observe weather the dentine bridge could formed early after the deep carious lesions treated by direct pulp capping with bone morphogenetic protein(BMP),and to evaluate the clinical meaning of the early-formed dentine bridge.METHODS:Sixty exposed points of dental pulp of fifty-four teeth with deep carious lesions were treated by direct pulp capping with BMP.Clinical observations were made after two weeks,six months and one year after treatment respectively.RESULTS:Complete or partial dentine bridges were formed in some teeth after two weeks.Partial dentine bridges were more often formed than complete dentine bridges.Dentine bridges were more often formed in the young teeth(30 year′s old) then in the old teeth.The clinical success rate was higher in the teeth having the early-formed dentine bridge then in the teeth not having the early-formed dentine bridge.CONCLUSION:BMP can promote the formation of early-formed dentine bridge.Many factors may affect the formation of early-formed dentine bridge.The early-formed dentine bridge may be regarded as one important target of reflecting the biological property of capping materials and the repairable ability of the dental pulp.


Process of flue gas denitrification by activated coke was numerical simulated via the simulation software Aspen Plus on the basis of previous experimental data and the operating parameters influenced denitration efficiency were also analyzed. Comparison of the results showed that the relative error of experimental value and the simulation is about 5% within the scope of the acceptable engineering,the modeling ideas and model were reasonable and could provide theoretical basis to process research about flue gas denitrification by activated coke.


There is no doubt that the trend of last eleven years needs an important change, especially if we bear in mind the current environment, which is not, far from it, the one of the beginning of the liberalization.


This chapter discusses multimodal approaches to the study of linguistics, and of representation and communication more generally. It draws attention to the range of different modes that people use to make meaning beyond language –such as speech, gesture, gaze, image and writing – and in doing so, offers new ways of analysing language. The chapter addresses two key questions. First, how can all these modes be handled theoretically? What are 'modes'? How do people use them? Second, how can all these modes be handled analytically? What are the methodological implications if one or more modes are excluded from the analysis? The chapter fi rst highlights the ways in which multimodality is taken up in social linguistic research. It then describes a social semiotic approach to multimodality. The steps taken in such an approach are described and exemplified with case studies of classroom interaction and textbooks. It concludes with a discussion of the potentials and constraints of multimodal analysis.


Embodiments of the present invention provide method for transmitting and receiving digital information, and a corresponding transceiver device. The information bits and the parity bits are encrypted in a microcontroller and transmitted on a bus to a transceiver head which forms the frames to be transmitted on a channel from encrypted information bits and from encrypted parity bits received on the bus.


The need to increase transistor packing density beyond Moore's Law and the need for expanding functionality, real-estate management and faster connections has pushed the industry to develop complex 2.5D and 3D package technology which includes System-in-Package (SiP), wafer-level packaging, through-silicon-vias (TSV), stacked-die packages. The high level of functional integration and the complex package architecture in these, pose a significant challenge for conventional Fault Isolation (FI) and Failure analysis (FA) methods. Various FA tools available the industry provide key data for the fault isolation in packages. Very often, one need to correlate the package level results from tool across the entire system for accurate fault isolation. This means, the results must be taken across the system and perform analysis at each level in the system. In this paper, we are presenting case studies for different methods to perform analysis across the system for accurate fault isolation.


The newly developed concept of supersolitary wave (supersoliton) describes a novel type of nonlinear localized structure. Its signature features are a very large amplitude in the electrostatic potential (pulse) and a characteristic wiggly structure in the associated electric field. Firstly, supersolitons were suggested in the context of four-species plasmas [1]. Further studies showed that they can exist even in three-species plasmas [2]. It has been argued that such a structure cannot occur in two-species (electron-ion) plasmas [3] based on fluid theory. Our numerical investigation presented here, based on the kinetic approach using a VlasovPoisson simulation algorithm, provides evidence that supersolitary waves may indeed exit in two-species plasmas. Fig. 1 presents two different snapshots from our simulation results, at τ = 0 and at τ = 70 periods. Although our results suggest that these solutions remain stable during propagation, the observed structures fail to survive head-on collisions.


A symmetry landing dynamics model with 3 bodies and 9 dimensions for aircraft was established based on Newton-Euler mulit-body dynamics modeling method.The model was verified by flight test taking a certain type of aircraft as an example,the landing gears of which are dual-chamber shock absorbers.The simulation and the measured results are both given with varieties of landing weight,sink speed and pitch angle.It is shown that the model is effective for aircraft symmetry landing by comparing the two results.


In 1990 one of us (LG) published an article in Physics World on quantum tunnelling in magnetic particles that are a few nanometres in diameter. The article emphasized both the fundamental challenges – for instance understanding the nature of the transition region between quantum and classical regimes – as well as the technological obstacles to controlling and exploiting quantum coherent tunnelling in nanoscopic devices. The subject of quantum tunnelling of magnetization (QTM) was in its infancy. Since then, however, many experimentalists and theorists have contributed to this rich field. In 1994, for instance, the first workshop on the subject was held in Chichilianne, France (see Gunther and Barbara in further reading), and interest in quantum phenomena in magnetic molecules continues to grow.


This paper establishes a framework for formal comparisons of several leading optimization algorithms, establishing guidance to practitioners for when to use or not to use a particular method. The focus in this paper are five general algorithm forms: random search, simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation, simulated annealing, evolutionary strategies, and genetic algorithms. We summarize the available theoretical results on rates of convergence for the five algorithm forms and then use the theoretical results to draw some preliminary conclusions on the relative efficiency. Our aim is to sort out some of the competing claims of efficiency and to suggest a structure for comparison that is more general and transferable than the usual problem-specific numerical studies.


OER and KER is a challenging substance to produce. This research is being conducted to identify the which factors are giving an affect towards OER (Oil Extract Rate) and KER (Kernel Extract Rate). This study had been conducted at Larut Matang Selama District of Perak. The data that being collected are OER, KER, rainfall record, oil losses, Free Fatty acid (FFA), loose fruit and Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) for 36 months. For Oil Extraction Rate (OER), the most dominant factor is FFA which affecting the oil quality with Beta value is -0.410. Meaning that, if the FFA increases by 1 percent, OER degrease by 0.41 percent. Meanwhile, overripe bunches have become the only elements that influencing the Kernel Extraction Rates (KER) with beta value is 0.439. Thorough of all the process between estate management and mill management, the problem to achieved high quality of OER and KER are come from the estate. The estate management must improvise harvesting ripeness standard by following the MPOB grading guideline. This is because of, some of ripeness category are not even giving any increment towards OER and KER performance. Despite the above limitations, we believe that this study provides a contribution to the literature. In addition, the results of the study will provide a better understanding on the importance of controlling and monitoring the qualities of the FFB especially at the field. Nevertheless, the mill also shall play a huge role by making a more stringent action for those sending a low quality of fruit in their mill.


Aperture shape and size are the crucial parameters for the aperture coupled microstrip antennas (ACMSA). A systematic comparision of various aperture shapes for the aperture coupled rectangular microstrip antenna has been carried out. An optimum "hour glass"-shaped aperture configuration has been proposed for maximum coupling.