:A sequential decomposition algorithm based on a Hidden Markov Model of the EMG, that used Bayesian filtering to estimate the unknown parameters of discharge series of motor units was previously proposed in the laboratory LS2N. This algorithm has successfully decomposed the experimental iEMG signal with four motor units. However, the proposed algorithm demands a high time consuming. In this work, we firstly validated the proposed algorithm in a serial structure. We proposed some modifications for the activation process of the recruitment model in Hidden Markov Model and implemented two signal pre-processing techniques to improve the performance of the algorithm. Then, we realized a GPU-oriented implementation of this algorithm, as well as the modifications applied to the original model in order to achieve a real-time performance. We have achieved the decomposition of 10 experimental iEMG signals acquired from two different muscles, respectively by fine wire electrodes and needle electrodes. The number of motor units ranges from 2 to 8. The percentage of superposition, representing the complexity of iEMG signal, ranges from 6.56 % to 28.84 %. The accuracies of almost all experimental iEMG signals are more than90 %, except two signals at 30 % MVC (more than 85 %). Moreover, we realized the realtime decomposition for all these experimental signals by the parallel implementation. We are the first one that realizes the real time full decomposition of single channel iEMG signal with number of MUs up to 10, where full decomposition means resolving the superposition problem. For the signals with more than 10 MUs, we can also decompose them quickly, but not reaching the real time level.


Central nervous system (CNS) directed chemotherapy is replacing prophylactic cranial irradiation in treatment protocols for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), mainly to reduce long‐term neuropsychological sequelae. We evaluated the effects of chemotherapy on attentional function in survivors of ALL and examined whether possible deficits are related to treatment intensity.


This relatively short book introduced me to two useful terms and concepts: "tax expenditures" and the "hidden welfare state." The former are what most of us call "tax loopholes" and what Christopher Howard, quoting a 1985 book by Stanley S. Surrey and Paul R. McDaniel, defines as "departures from the normal tax structure . . . designed to favor a particular industry, activity, or class of persons." The hidden welfare state consists of "tax expenditures with social welfare objectives." They, Howard maintains, are largely invisible to most of us, including "most academics who study U.S. social policy" (3). I, for one, had not thought of tax breaks as parts of the American welfare state. What is familiar to most of us is what Howard calls "the visible welfare state of direct expenditure programs" (4) such as Social Security and Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). We need to know more than we do about this other welfare state for it is large and gives most of its benefits to people with above-average incomes, not to the poor, while the slower growing and visible welfare state "serves a far greater proportion of individuals below the poverty line, and below the median income" (33). Early on, Howard defines what he calls the "distinctive politics" of the state that interests him in this study. The distinctive features include relatively easy enactment of these welfare programs, the large roles in their creation and development of moderate and conservative politicians, congressional revenue committees, and third-party providers, and the small


Summary This report is based on 19 completed experiments designed to reëvaluate the usefulness of human convalescent serum. From these experiments it would appear that it is possible to protect a significant number of 3-week, 10 g mice against intracerebral inoculation of poliomyelitis virus (Armstrong strain) by the intraperitoneal administration of from 0.03 to 0.5 cc of potent human convalescent serum—protection being somewhat more evident in those mice receiving larger doses of serum. Evidence of protection is furthermore obtained when the serum is administered up to 24 but not 48 hours after intracerebral infection. Under the experimental conditions there appears to be no evidence that convalescent serum had any therapeutic effect, even when this was administered continuously from 24 hours prior to infection to 9-15 days following infection. Animals that succumbed to the disease did so within the usual incubation period and died, as did the controls, from one to five days after the onset of paralysis. No attempt is or can be made at this time to translate the results of these experiments in terms appropriate for human application. They are reported, however, because we believe they represent the first definite evidence of significant protection with human convalescent serum under the experimental conditions.


Preferential flow mechanisms have been the subject of increasing research interest because these phenomena contribute to solute transport. Commonly, preferential flow paths are associated with macropores or highly structured soils. Sandy soils are typically weakly structured or structureless. However, they exhibit rapid drainage, which may mimic the hydrology and solute transport effects of macropores. We tested whether a flow domain partitioning scheme could be applied on two sandy soils, by collecting drainage data with time domain reflectometry across small time increments and implementing analytical models using a nonlinear iterative fitting procedure. The analysis was applied to both observed and Leaching Estimation and Chemistry Water Model (LEACHW) drainage of Sparta (mesic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) and Plainfield sand (mixed, mesic, Typic Udipsamment), as well as strongly structured Dubuque silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludalf, where water content was measured with a neutron meter. We found significant differences (P < 0.05) between soils and profile depths relating macropore and matrix flow domains of observed data. Maximum hydrologically effective macropore volumes ranged from 0.018 (1.8%) in Dubuque silt loam to 0.294 (29.4%) in Sparta sand. Mixed results were obtained with flow domain partitioning of drainage simulated with LEACHW. In 5 of 15 cases, macropore and micropore parameter estimates failed to converge. Best agreement of micropore and macropore parameter estimates between observed and modeled drainage was observed in Dubuque soil and poorest concordance in Sparta sand. This analytical scheme may be applied to a wide range of soils if appropriate data describing the hydrological character were available.


In this paper, a novel image denoising algorithm using M-band ridgelet transform is proposed for image denoising. The performance of the proposed method is tested on ultrasound images which are corrupted with Gaussian noise. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the existing ridgelet and curvelet transform in terms of peak-signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE). The results after investigation of proposed method show a significant improvement in terms of PSNR and MSE as compared to other existing denoising algorithms on ultrasound images. Keywords-Image denoising, M-Band Ridgelet Transform, Curvelet, PSNR, MSE


This paper deals with the upper bound of the life span of classical solutions to □u = ∣u∣p, u∣t = 0 = eφ(x), ut∣t=0 = eψ(x) with the critical power of p in two or three space dimensions. Zhou has proved that the rate of the upper bound of this life span is exp(e−p(p−1)). But his proof, especially the two-dimensional case, requires many properties of special functions. Here we shall give simple proofs in each space dimension which are produced by pointwise estimates of the fundamental solution of □. We claim that both proofs are done in almost the same way.


In Table 4, there are errors in the " Vegans (n = 21) " column for rows " Iodine (μg/L) 4 " and " Selenium (μmol/L). " The publisher apologizes for the errors. Please see the corrected Table 4 here. open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


In the past several decades, our knowledge of the pathophysiologic mediators of hypertension has led to a number of developments that not only have broadened our options for pharmacologic treatment but also have benefited patients with other forms of cardiovascular disease, such as coronary artery


High-power optical enhancement cavity is widely used in precision optical experiments and metrology. The absorption of cavity mirrors leads to the distortions of the mirror surface. Thermal deformation in a high-power optical enhancement cavity leads to a decrease in cavity gain due to alterations in the Gouy phase. In this paper, we establish the analytical relationship between mirror deformation and cavity gain by using the Winkler deformation model. The deformation exhibits an inverse proportionality to the square of the finesse. This significant result confirms the great sensitivity of gain to deformation in a cavity with high finesse.


In this paper an efficient approach to nonlinear non-Gaussian state estimation based on spline filtering is presented. The estimation of the conditional probability density of the unknown state can be ideally achieved through Bayes rule. However, the associated computational requirements make it impossible to implement this online filter in practice. In the general particle filtering problem, estimation accuracy increases with the number of particles at the expense of increased computational load. In this paper, B-Spline interpolation is used to represent the density of the state pdf through a low order continuous polynomial. The motivation is to reduce the computational cost. The motion of spline control points and corresponding coefficients is achieved through implementation of the Fokker-Planck equation, which describes the propagation of state probability density function between measurement instants. This filter is applicable for a general state estimation problem as no assumptions are made about the underlying probability density.


Aboriginal Elders in Australia are recognised as having an important role as community leaders and cultural knowledge holders. However, the effects of colonisation and institutional racism mean Elders also experience significant social and economic disadvantage and poor health outcomes. There has been a systemic lack of attention to the worldviews and priorities of Aboriginal people as they age. In this article, we detail the findings of a qualitative study using a localised Aboriginal Elder-informed methodology that involved interviews and focus groups with 22 Aboriginal Elders in the remote town of Walgett on what ageing well means to them. This study was undertaken as part of a long-term partnership between a unique community-controlled Elders organisation and a university. The findings illuminate the barriers and enablers to ageing well for Aboriginal people in Walgett and elsewhere, and demonstrate the value to research, policy and service delivery of listening to and learning from Elders, centring Indigenous knowledges and worldviews, and bringing a more holistic conceptualisation of wellbeing to the understanding of what it means to age well.


The objective of this research is to develop a practical and efficient oil recovery method that can be applied in large-scale crude oil spills in open water. The method is centered on a newly developed polyolefin oil superabsorbent, called "i-Petrogel", in conjunction with existing mechanical (skimmer) recovery method. The i-Petrogel absorbent can be produced in large scale (>90 kg in our laboratory) by mixing two polyolefin polymers, including a semicrystalline linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) thermoplastic and a thermally cross-linkable poly(1-decene-co-divinylbenzene) (D-DVB) elastomer, to form an interpenetrated network structure with porous morphology. In two practical tests, i-Petrogel with a specific composition (LLDPE/D-DVB:1/1 weight ratio) shows selective absorption of Alaska North Slope crude oil on open water surface with fast kinetics and high absorption capacity of more than 40 times that of the polymer weight. In fact, i-Petrogel effectively stops the crude oil weathering process (ev...


Methods based on mutual information have shown promising results for matching of multimodal brain images. This paper discusses a multiscale approach to mutual information matching, aiming for an acceleration of the matching process while considering the accuracy and robustness of the method. Scaling of the images is done by equidistant sampling. Rigid matching of 3D magnetic resonance and computed tomography brain images is performed on datasets of varying resolution and quality. The experiments show that a multiscale approach to mutual information matching is an appropriate method for images of high resolution and quality. For such images an acceleration up to a factor of around 3 can be achieved. For images of poorer quality caution is advised with respect to the multiscale method, since the optimization method used (Powell) was shown to be highly sensitive to the local optima occurring in these cases. When incorrect intermediate results are avoided, an acceleration up to a factor of around 2 can be achieved for images of lower resolution.


TO THE EDITOR I read Sinsky and Beasley's essay (1) with great interest. We asked for electronic systems that would help generate notes that would stand up in an audit, and that's what we got. We asked for electronic systems that would get us meaningful use dollars, and that's what we got. We never asked for electronic systems that promote value-based, patient-centered care. We never asked for electronic systems that are efficient to use. Sure, we can share the blame with incentives. In a time when we are primed to leverage team-based care, incentives ask more from the provider as a lone caregiver. When we are sitting on mountains of data waiting to be mined for population and community health projects, incentives keep us focused on clicking the right button and using the right documentation template. We bought electronic systems that help us pursue these incentives. That is the reason that we are in this situation. We need to take some responsibility and realize that we did this to ourselves.


This paper evaluates VGG-16 and VGG-19 networks in performing semantic image segmentation of Malaysian meals. This is a preliminary investigation of using transfer learning models to recognize food objects in typical Malaysian meals. Most current works of food recognition system calculate the calories and nutritional content of a meal based on the food object recognition, regardless of the portion size. Our final aim is to develop a food recognition system that considers the portion size in calculating the calories and nutritional content. Therefore, semantic segmentation of the food objects in the meal is a very important stage. Our work also initiated the training datasets for Malaysian meals that will be made available to the public. Using a small training dataset and a basic configuration of the VGG network, our results show inconsistent findings of the performance of VGG-16 and VGG-19. These findings will serve as a fundamental guideline to improve the semantic segmentation of food images.


The advent of Grid computing has enhanced the internet trend in the way that by using hardware resources of other computers, personal computers have become an unrivaled superpower. By utilizing several mechanisms such as downloading a screen saver large-scale scientic research systems are allowed to employ the resources of PCs during idle time. BOINC is a well-known volunteer computing middleware that establishes the powerful processing power from the resources oered by donors. BOINC has two limitations: rst, it does not provide adequate security for users; second, applications that run on BOINC platform are conned to platform of systems (e.g., Windows, Linux, etc.). Virtualization is used for hiding physical resources of system from the operating system. On the one hand, by enabling Virtualization, applications run in a safe environment and so security will be enhanced. On the other hand, Virtualization solved the problem of platform-dependent on applications. Volunteer cloud system or Clouds@home has considered as a new form of cloud computing that builds its infrastructure from volunteer computers. With mixing cloud computing and volunteer computing we can build new computing paradigm that has both commercial and volunteer viewpoints. This study introduces a mechanism that enables Virtualization for applications that run on BOINC platform. This new computing paradigm has considered as primitive steps towards deploying Clouds@home.


The extraction of fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) from maternal skin electrode measurements is an open problem in recent decades. Since the problem can be modelled from the perspective of blind source separation (BSS), almost all the BSS algorithms can be used to separate the fetal ECG. However, since separating all the sources from a large number of sensor signals is not necessary, blind source extraction (BSE) methods maybe a better choice. Until now the only efficient BSE algorithm that can be used in this problem seems to be the Barros's algorithm. But it requires a priori knowledge about the sources' autocorrelation information, which limits its application to extracting some completely unknown sources. This paper extends the algorithm, and proposes a novel preprocessing, which can extract completely unknown sources that have autocorrelation properties. Simulations on real-world fetal ECG data shows the new algorithm with the preprocessing can achieve satisfying results


Stepped concrete block grade control structures are widely used in Taiwan to protect riverbeds from degradation and to dissipate the associated high energy of flow over weirs. The grade control structures are constructed with concrete blocks with a specific gap width and drop height across the river. Large-size stones are placed in the gaps as lateral support. This type of structure is subject to the threat of edge and gap scour. In this study, the gap scour between the concrete blocks was examined by executing a series of physical model experiments in a laboratory flume. The configurations and depths of scour at the various approach discharges were monitored and measured to examine the scour characteristics between the blocks. Three phenomena were discovered: (1) the scour depths in specific areas were significantly deeper than the height of the cubic blocks, (2) the largest gap scour occurred at low discharges, and (3) eroded stones migrated along the gaps as bed load transport rather than suspension. The longitudinal gaps between the blocks were sealed to minimize stone movement. A physical model test was used to verifY the method. The results indicated a maximum scour depth reduction of up to 98.7 %. The present paper proposes a new design methodology that includes consideration of the block heights and gap scour at low discharges.


Evaluation of: Abizaid A, Weiner B, Bailey SR, Londero H: Use of a self-expanding super-elastic all-metal endoprosthesis; to treat degenerated SVG lesions: the SESAME first in man trial. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions. J. Soc. Cardiac Angiogr. Interv. 76(6), 781–786 (2010). Saphenous veins remain an important conduit in coronary artery bypass surgery. However, owing to accelerated atherosclerosis, approximately 50% of grafts are occluded by 10 years making the percutaneous treatment the preferable approach. Previously, the results of percutaneous treatment of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) were affected by the high rates of periprocedural myocardial infarction and restenosis/occlusion. These unfavorable results were supplanted, in part, by the use of embolic protection devices (EPDs). However, less than 25% of SVG lesions have the anatomical criteria for the use of EPDs. Moreover, their use adds complexity to the procedure and requires training. This first-in-man study describes a novel na...


This paper examines the increase in housing foreclosures in the United States in the aftermath of the recent housing boom. Foreclosure rates are at levels that are high by historical standards. We argue that a key element in understanding the increase in foreclosures rate is the leverage. An increase in leverage exposes homeowners to additional risk in the event of a decline in the house price. We develop an equilibrium model of housing to aid in understanding these patterns. In the model, homeowners


A recurrent structure is a popular framework choice for the task of video super-resolution. The state-of-the-art method BasicVSR adopts bidirectional propagation with feature alignment to effectively exploit information from the entire input video. In this study, we redesign BasicVsr by proposing second-order grid propagation and flow-guided deformable alignment. We show that by empowering the re-current framework with enhanced propagation and align-ment, one can exploit spatiotemporal information across misaligned video frames more effectively. The new components lead to an improved performance under a simi-lar computational constraint. In particular, our model Ba-sicVSR++ surpasses BasicVSR by a significant 0.82 dB in PSNR with similar number of parameters. BasicVSR++ is generalizable to other video restoration tasks, and obtains three champions and one first runner-up in NTIRE 2021 video restoration challenge.


Metacaspases are heterodimeric proteases found in plants, fungi, and protozoa. More specifically, metacaspases are known as cysteine proteases due to a cysteine/histidine catalytic dyad present in their active site [1]. The nucleophilic cysteine thiol group present in metacaspases catalyzes the cleavage of proteins after arginine or lysine residues. This mechanism is essential in their functions to induce programmed cell death and the clean up of protein aggregates [2]. Currently, the best‐known substrate for this enzymatic reaction is Z‐GRR‐AMC [3]. The objective of the present study was to optimize the enzymatic activity and storage method for one of the five metacaspases in the fungus Schizophyllum commune, Scp3. The protein is only expressed in E. coli when it is fused to the small ubiquitin modifying protein, resulting in SUMO‐Scp3. By altering the components of the metacaspase assay buffer, it was determined that the assay buffer resulting in the highest activity of SUMO‐Scp3 contained 5.0mM CaCl2, 50mM Tris at pH 7.5, 100mM NaCl, 5M DTT, and 500μM Z‐GRR‐AMC. Experiments revealed that in order for SUMO‐Scp3 to maintain its activity, it needs to be stored in 20% glycerol at −80°C. Glycerol acts as a stabilizer and helps prevent damage to SUMO‐Scp3 during freezing and thawing. Currently, we are working on scaling up the production of active SUMO‐Scp3 in order to run experiments to determine the Km and Vmax of SUMO‐Scp3. Preliminary experiments have determined the Km for SUMO‐Scp3 to be 2.2 μ;M. By obtaining these kinetic constants, we hope to be able to compare them with other metacaspases.


Let g be a real semisimple Lie algebra, h a Cartan subalgebra of g, g~c and h~c the respective complexifications of g and h, and a the conjugation of g with respect to g. Denote by W(h~c) the Weyl group of g~c acting on h~c, and write W_σ(h) to be the subgoup of W(hc) with elements leaving g invariant, and then W(h) indicates the group of restrictions to h of inner automorphisms of g leaving h invariant. W(h) and W_σ(h) can be called the Weyl group and the quasi-Weyl group of g with respect to h respectively. In this paper, we give a clear expression to the strueture of groups W(h) and W_σ(h) for every Cartan subalgebra h of g (see Theorem 5). The above two groups are calculated in detail for every class of the Cartan subalgebras of the classical simple Lie algebra g (see Table 1).


Taking the Daniel Fong and Yulin Village in Beijing as cases to study. the quality characteristics of rainwater runoff and the pollution situation were obtained by monitoring the rainwater samples from the roof and road in different rainfall intensity. The emphasis was placed on the characteristics of four heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr and Cd) over time, as well as the relationship between the Concentration of heavy metals and The concentration of suspended solids. The results showed that compared with the roof runoff, surface runoff water quality was poor. At start, the concentration of heavy metals was larger, with the rainfall time, the concentration decreased. The linear correlations of the Concentration between Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd and SS were different. The correlations of the Concentration between Cd and SS was the highest, with a correlation coefficient of 0.6245, its concentration was most significantly impacted by the Concentration of SS.


Loop Heat Pipes (LHP) have gained acceptance as a viable means of heat transport in many spacecraft in recent years. However, applications using LHP technology tend to only remove waste heat from a single component to an external radiator. Removing heat from multiple components has been done by using multiple LHPs. This paper discusses the development and implementation of a Loop Heat Pipe based thermal architecture for spacecraft. In this architecture, a Loop Heat Pipe with multiple evaporators and condensers is described in which heat load sharing and thermal control of multiple components can be achieved. A key element in using a LHP thermal architecture is defining the need for such an architecture early in the spacecraft design process. This paper describes an example in which a LHP based thermal architecture can be used and how such a system can have advantages in weight, cost and reliability over other kinds of distributed thermal control systems. The example used in this paper focuses on a Mars Rover Thermal Architecture. However, the principles described here are applicable to Earth orbiting spacecraft as well. Introduction: Mission Description The example mission considered in this study consists of a Mars rover, larger than the Mars Exploration Rover (MER), based on a Mega Rover design. The thermal design of the MER described in reference [ 11 is the basis for many of the requirements used in the development of the following analysis. The LHP thermal architecture for this study is also based upon the thermal hardware developed for MER as discussed in reference [2]. The surface mission duration is 250 Sols at a latitude around 15 degrees south with a


The invention relates to a micropower remote controller for generating electric energy by using piezoelectric material and which aims to solve the problems of increased use cost caused by use of dry batteries used for the present remote controller, environmental pollution brought by old and useless batteries, and the like. A piezoelectric type battery-free remote controller, mainly comprises a thin film piezoelectric piece (4), a button (3), a resetting spring (5) and a signal transmitting circuit board (6) and is characterized in that the thin film piezoelectric piece (4) is formed by sticking a metal substrate (41) and a piezoelectric material (42) and presents a predeformed curved shape, and the thin film piezoelectric piece (4) is fixed on a bottom casing (1) in a hung way; the signal transmitting circuit board (6) is fixed in the bottom casing (1) and is connected with the metal substrate (41) and the piezoelectric material (42) through a connecting wire, and the button (3) distorted by shifting the thin film piezoelectric piece (4) is arranged between the bottom casing (1) and an upper cover (2); and the bottom part of the button (3) is supported via the resetting spring (5).


Background: The root canal length (RCL) estimates is an essential step for total endodontic therapy procedures. The aim of this study was to measure the RCL in a sample of extracted primary anterior teeth and compare the data obtained with the literature for educational and clinical purposes. Materials and methods: Seventy extracted primary anterior upper and lower teeth were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: absence of root resorption and/or internal root canal anatomy complications, and no previous root canal manipulation. The teeth were assigned to six groups: upper central incisors (UCI; n = 15), upper lateral incisors (ULI; n = 13), upper canines (UC; n = 20), lower central incisors (LCI; n = 6), lower lateral incisors (LLI; n = 3), and lower canines (LC; n = 13). RCL was measured by the direct method after insertion of a #15 K-file with a silicone stopper in the root canal until the root apex and measuring with a millimetre rule. Results: Mean RCL values (mm) obtained were UCI = 14.33 ± 1.69; ULI = 14.00 ± 1.63; UC = 16.07 ± 2.43; LCI = 15.41 ± 3.20; LLI = 15.00 ± 1.73; and LC = 16.38 ± 1.51. Conclusions:The RCL direct measurement method and the results obtained were in accordance with the literature reports and can be useful for educational purposes aiming at knowledge of dental anatomy and the clinical determination of root canal treatment viability and treatment of primary teeth, as RCL is one of the parameters for the indication/contra-indication of this therapy.


Most modern biology data are heterogeneous and multimodal, connecting the different modalities can often be successful through the use of distances and networks. I will give a examples of incorporating prior information and updating these priors using a combination of local geometrical information based on distances using the available biological information. These methods enable the construction of uncertainty contours that incorporate variability at many different levels of a data hierarchy.


The relationships between sediment concentration and discharge at 20 streamgauging stations in the Snowy Mountains region were examined to evaluate the temporal and spatial variation of sediment yield. At a given discharge, sediment concentration is generally higher in summer than in winter, although the difference is not sufficient to warrant separate rating curves for different seasons. The slope of the rating curve was found to be positively related to the basin area, and it was also linearly proportional to the correlation coefficient between sediment concentration and discharge. The 1950s was a period of significantly higher sediment yield by comparison with the 1940s and 1960s. Except for two gauging stations affected by construction works upstream, sediment yield of the region depends primarily on runoff and minimum basin elevation, varying from 2.4 to 23 t km" year". INTRODUCTION The Snowy Mountains region is unique in that it is the only alpine region in Australia with a significant amount of snowfall in winter. By comparison with many other areas of high elevation, the Snowy Mountains are older, probably Miocene (Oilier & Wyborn, 1989) and many areas have relatively little local relief. According to Costin (1952), four environmental tracts can be identified in the region depending mainly on the elevation. They vary from an alpine tract at the higher elevation (> 1950 m) through sub-alpine and montane tracts, to a tableland tract below 900 m. The basins included in this study lie mainly in the sub-alpine and montane areas. Land use in these areas from late last century until the period of sediment sampling, was largely sheep grazing with regular burning. The implications of the land utilization practised for land degradation were recognized a century ago (Helms, 1893, 1896) and numerous studies have since confirmed these concerns (e.g. Newman, 1955; Taylor, 1957; Bryant, 1971). Sediment yields in the Snowy Mountains region are generally low, consistent with the pattern for most of Australia. They are also low by comparison with other high elevation areas. Brown & Millner (1989) tabulated estimates of the denudation rate for 13 basins in the region and showed that their estimates were 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than for other alpine regions in the Northern Hemisphere. Douglas (1966), who analysed Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Authority (SMHA) data for eight basins, concluded that the Southern Tablelands and Highlands yields were very low by 282 Bofu Yu & David Neil comparison with other areas of 500-1500 mm precipitation. Although the low sediment yield of the region is known, temporal and spatial variation of the sediment yield in relation to streamflow and other basin characteristics has not been examined previously. Between 1955 and 1970, in connection with the Snowy Mountains Scheme, sediment concentration was regularly measured at numerous streamgauging stations in the Snowy Mountains region. This monitoring program represents one of the most intensive ever undertaken in Australia as far as stream sediment sampling is concerned. These data have been published in print form (SMHA, 1972) along with the streamflow records (SMHA, 1970, 1971). In this paper, some preliminary results concerning sediment yield for the region are summarized. To estimate sediment yield where significant snowmelt runoff exists and using measurements of sediment concentration at irregular intervals, it is important, first, to determine whether separate rating curves are needed for different seasons. Spatial variation of the sediment concentration-discharge relationship is then examined Table 1 Reference number, station number, location, basin area, average runoff and sediment yield. Station number and location Area (km) Runoff depth (mm year ) Sediment yield (t knY year") 3.95 1 410536 Bald Hill No. 1 2 410537 Bald Hill No. 2 3 410538 Bald Hill No. 3 4 410539 Bald Hill No. 4 5 410540 Bald Hill No. 5 6 410508 Eight Mile Creek at T.2 Track 7 410534 Happy Jacks R. above Happy Jacks Pondage 8 410504 Happy Jacks R. at McKeahnies 9 410521 Middle Creek at Pinbeyan 10 410535 Murrumbidgee R. above Tantangara Reservoir 11 410509 Tumut River at Cumberland (A) 12 410533 Tumut River above Happy Jacks Pondage 13 410503 Tumut River at Lobs Hole (A) 14 410513 Tumut River at Sams Diggings 15 410507 Wallaces Creek at Hospital Flat 16 410506 Yarrangobilly River at Hospital Flat 17 222505 Burrungubugge River at Constances Hut 18 222511 Crackenback River at Bundilla 19 222502 Crackenback River at the Creel 2


For design of blocking software for digital servo control system based on DSP of TI TMS320LF240x series, the "classic" signal flow block diagram of the control system was improved on, signal flow modules was set up with input and output software modules. Software module of digital servo control is corresponded to signal flow module, block of each module represents function of software module of the same name, input and output terminals of each module corresponds exactly to variables within the software function. Connections between blocks show the data flow, data is wrote in software modules with C callable assembly language, and modules are re-useable and expandable.


Port congestion and drayage efficiency issues have re-emerged as major challenges for U.S. container ports with the recovery of container traffic to previous peaks. The deployment of ever larger container vessels results in "bunching" of traffic at marine terminals. Resolution of terminal and road congestion problems is complicated by the reluctance of terminal operators to extend truck gate hours. Changes in container chassis logistics have had a major impact on drayage efficiency.


This research report examines selected western state approaches allowing existing water rights to be used for instream flow enhancement. It examines approaches in Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and Colorado and considers how such approaches might be applied in Wyoming.


The paper illustrates different applications of stochastic simulation techniques to construction activity. A brief description is provided of discrete-event digital simulation as applied to the construction management process. A historic review of modelling in construction precedes an evaluation of the forms of computer languages and their applicability to construction simulation models. The main requirements for such a language are discussed. The computer modelling system that has been developed is described in the conceptual terms of the symbols that are used to build a schematic representative model in the form of a diagram. Two examples of construction are then described: a simple excavation operation used to validate a model, and a sensitivity analysis of a concrete mixing and distribution system. Schematic diagrams are constructed for both models and example output of some production features for each is presented. Example output from two further models is presented to illustrate further uses of simulation in design and as a basis for contract variations. The computational methods used to investigate the models are described and a general indication of processing time for one of the example models is provided. The paper concludes with an indication of areas of current research. (Author/TRRL)


Packaging materials based on biodegradable polymers are a viable alternative to replacing conventional plastic packaging of fossil origin. The main two factors affecting functionality and performance are the molecular weight and the type of plasticizer used in these materials. The goal of this research was to modify unfractionated plasticized chitosan films to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of the original unfractionated chitosan films. Chitosan extracted from local shrimp shells was zone-refined to produce five distinct chitosan fractions with molecular weights ranging from 1.089×105 to 5.605×105 g/mole. The unfractionated and fractionated chitosan films plasticized with 1:3 poly(vinyl alcohol) and 2:1 maleic acid were prepared by casting from their 2% acetic acid solutions. They were examined by FT-IR and were found to be comparable to the native chitosan spectrum, indicating that the primary backbone of the chitosan structure was unaltered. Therefore, the effects of molecular weight fractions and the type of plasticizer on the physical and mechanical properties were investigated. Examining the films' surface topography by atomic force microscopy revealed that increasing the molecular weight of chitosan fractions from 2.702×105 to 5.605×105 g/mole affects the surface morphology of the chitosan: poly(vinyl alcohol) (1:3) film. This was accompanied by an increase in the surface roughness of the resulting film from 0.953 to 2.82, and for chitosan: maleic acid from 0.509 to 1.62. It was found that the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the cast films decreased and the percent elongation at break of the plasticized fractionated chitosan films was increased, implying that less stiff films were obtained with fractionated chitosan. The outcome of this work suggests that the biodegradable fractionated chitosan blend film is a promising packaging material and that poly(vinyl alcohol) is the most suitable plasticizer for this formulation.


The basic principles and some particulars of the requirements are reviewed with an eye to the extension of the OSTIV AS to lower weight classes.  In the new domain the character of the structure, primary controls and undercarriage might cause special problems.  The extension presents an opportunity to convert to chaotic interpretation of some natural laws in the theoretical concept of the standards.  A few remarks on service loads and stress are made and a short summrry of handling criteria is given.


This paper extends theories of retail branding and consumer experience of retail stores by bringing consumer culture theory into the field of retailing. Using ethnographic data collection methods (photo-diaries, participant observations, long interviews, artifact collections) we studied the grocery shopping habits and life at home among Swedish middle-class working women with children. The analysis suggests that McCracken's (1989) 'homeyness' framework succeeds to understand the orientations inflected in the everyday branded retail experience, as opposed to the 'mythotypic' (see Kozinets 2002) that explicates the power of the more spectacular. The studied consumers held strong ties to their favorite grocery retailer brand where the 'homeyness' constellation, executed power over these women that went beyond mere convenience. Still, in terms of retail brand ideology, where the immersion into marketplace myths supports the agendas of ideologies. The myths conveyed in these everyday marketplaces rather supported unreflected dominant ideologies, than paradigm-breaking and emerging ideology which more spectacular arenas may strive for in their quest for an overwhelming consumer experience. Thus, the powerful and distinctive experience of 'homeyness' demands an ideology-neutral surrounding supported by marketplace-crafted myths. Additional research is needed to see if and how the constellation of 'homeyness' is applicable in other national, gender, class, ethnic and lifestyle contexts. Hence, the conceptual implications of our analysis for consumer research concern on one hand the possible transferability and appropriation of the specific constellation of 'homeyness' to other important consumer cultural contexts, and on the other hand more generally the importance for consumer cultural researchers to not primarily always aim for the spectacular but also direct their eyes towards experiences of the more ordinary, yet culturally rich, kind. (Less)


The properties of quasi-claw-free graphs were discussed,which are larger than claw-free graphs.The following two results were obtained: if G is a quasi-claw-free graph,then (ⅰ) 2t(G)=κ(G),where ω(G-S)≤t(G).(ⅱ) For every dominating set D and each t∈D,there are at most three vetices u1,u2,u3∈(V-D) satisfying,N(ui)∩D={t}(i=1,2,3),then γ(G)=i(G).This result is the best possible.These results extend the corresponding results in a claw-free graph.


Objective To evaluate the measurement uncertainty for the determination of Ketamine in human urine by GC/MS.Methods Each source of uncertainty,arising from the procedure of testing,was analyzed and confirmed according to the guidelines of the uncertainty in measurement.Besides,the combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty of the result were calculated after each uncertainty component was evaluated.Results The expanded uncertainty was 0.016μg/mL when the concentration of Ketamine in human urine sample was 0.257μg/mL.Conclusion The measurement uncertainty of the concentration of Ketamine was primarily from standard of purity for the Ketamine and the calibration curve.


. We consider the universal pivotal, symmetric, monoidal, k -linear category, generated by a Schurian object with a skew-symmetric multiplication, and study some of its quotients. We show that these quotients give rise to either vector product algebras or representation categories of exceptional Lie algebras.


Objective:To discuss the clinical significance of hypoglycemia occurring in severe hepatitis patients,to provide reference for its corresponding prevention and nursing. Methods:Fasting plasma glucose levels was detected in 20 healthy blood donors,44 acute hepatitis patients,51 chronic hepatitis patients and 30 sever hepatitis patients. Plasma glucose levels were detected when hypoglycemia occurred in patients. Results:Fasting plasma glucose level in severe patients was lower significantly than that in normal control,acute hepatitis patients and chronic hepatitis patients,and hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in severe patients than in acute hepatitis patients and chronic hepatitis patients. Also hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in severe hepatitis patients dying in the end than that in those surviving. Conclusions:Hypoglycemia occured in severe hepatitis patients commonly,so it was critical to identify hypogly-memia early,reasonable diet and healthy instruction were critical for its prevention.


All kinds of Traditional Diagnosis Methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.For the largescale equipment,because of the complexity of its fault models and the variety of its fault information,it is very difficult for every diagnosis method to satisfy the real application by itself.Based on the introduction of casebased,modelbased and NNbased (Neural Networkbased)reasoning approach to the fault diagnosis,this paper discusses the hybrid reasoning strategy on case,model and neural network,and gives the method to establish the hybrid reasoning system.In the end,it is used in a radar fault diagnosis system.


Suggested causes of space-motion sickness are inferred from the experiences of a group of astronaut candidates and from the vomit pH values of nonastronauts. Both groups experienced simulated weightlessness in an airplane.


The traditional routines in speaking class are often based on learning materials from a handbook. It is practical because a teacher does not need to think about the syllabus, as it is described clearly in front pages in the book. In addition, by referring to the syllabus in the book, the teacher can easily prepare a lessonplan. When it comes to the implementation of teaching speaking skill, the teacher can just train students based on the topics given with certain grammar points and vocabulary coverage. However, it does not normally give more opportunity for the students to use theauthentic language and culture. Too much guiding students with certain patterns and vocabulary seems to be artificial although vocabulary and grammar are not taught explicitly in a speaking class. Furthermore, without freedom in choosing a topic, students' ideas are too restricted and they tend to memorize language patternsaccording to the topic covered in the book.Nowadays, more and more teachers realize the importance of the implementation of drama and culture in teaching English speaking skill. However, there should be further study to see how a teacher applies drama and culture while teaching speaking skill.
A research conductedat STIBA IEC Jakarta investigated the importance of the implementation of drama and culture in Speaking Class of students from the second semester in 2018.It was intended to see how the phenomena of teaching English speaking skill through drama and culture was implemented. The findings indicated that drama and culture were able to help the students use English more naturally or authentically. The students were able to see whether their English was authentic and culturally acceptable by relating to their experience or knowledge they got from drama. It showed that the more topics in drama the students practiced, the more knowledge about culture they learnt, and the more authentic or natural the language they acquired. Therefore, both teacher and students think that the implementation of drama and culture in teaching speaking skill is important.


Editor—Medicopolitical Digest comments on the new deal for junior doctors' hours, with its target date of 31 December 1996.1 While the NHS Executive admits that there is still a hard core of problems to resolve, I …


This article investigates quantitatively the conditions described by a group of astronauts within a ship in the science-ction book Rendezvous with Rama by Arthur C. Clarke. It was found that the conditions would have allowed the astronauts to walk on the surface but breathing would be difficult.


An analytically solvable composite potential that can closely reproduce the combined potential of an {alpha}+nucleus system consisting of attractive nuclear and repulsive electrostatic potentials is developed. The exact s-wave solution of the Schroedinger equation with this potential in the interior region and the outside Coulomb wave function are used to give a heuristic expression for the width or half-life of the quasibound state at the accurately determined resonance energy, called the Q value of the decaying system. By using the fact that for a relatively low resonance energy, the quasibound state wave function is quite similar to the bound state wave function where the amplitude of the wave function in the interaction region is very large as compared to the amplitude outside, the resonance energy could easily be calculated from the variation of relative probability densities of inside and outside waves as a function of energy. By considering recent {alpha}-decay systems, the applicability of the model is demonstrated with excellent explanations being found for the experimental data of Q values and half-lives of a vast range of masses including superheavy nuclei and nuclei with very long lifetimes (of order 10{sup 22} s). Throughout the application, by simply varying the valuemore » of a single potential parameter describing the flatness of the barrier, we obtain successful results in cases with as many as 70 pairs of {alpha}+daughter nucleus systems.« less


Objectives/Hypothesis The goals of the research study were to develop an easily mastered, accurate, minimally invasive technique of sentinel node radiolocalization with biopsy (SNRLB) in the feline model; to compare it with blue‐dye mapping techniques; and to test the applicability of sentinel node radiolocalization biopsy in three head and neck tumor types: N0 malignant melanoma, N0 Merkel cell carcinoma, and N0 squamous cell carcinoma.


The article elaborates the manufacturing of the new Ram Preventer,the application of new technology and the progress of auxiliary equipment based on the neatening of oil field's data and the collection of information at home and abroad.It proposes the work points of domestic preventer and guidance purpose.


Strain induced self-assembled Stranski-Krastanov growth of semiconductor islands on patterned substrate has shown great improvement of island size uniformity and spatial order. Here, we show self-assembled Volmer-Weber (V-W) growth of Si nanocrystals (NCs) on patterned SiO2 substrate via traditional chemical vapor deposition method under certain experimental configurations, induced by surface/interface energy competition without strain. A simplified two-dimensional theoretical model is developed to elucidate V-W island nucleation on the pattern substrate with varied morphologies, which shows good consistency with the experimental results. Our studies provide a general guidance for directing the growth and self-assembly of NCs on non-planar oxide substrates.


Because of the mostly glycolytic nature of endothelial cell metabolism, the role of mitochondria and mitochondrial shape in angiogenesis, the new blood vessel formation from existing vasculature, has not been studied. Here we show that the mitochondrial fission factor Dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) unexpectedly limits endosomal VEGFR2 signaling and hence angiogenesis. Drp1 levels were reduced when Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were activated, and angiogenesis was accordingly stimulated in HUVECs where DRP1 was silenced. In vivo, constitutive and inducible Drp1 ablation in endothelial cells increased early stage postnatal retina vascular sprouting. Mechanistically, upon VEGF stimulation Drp1 interacted with the internalized VEGFR2 and its early endosome partner Rab5 at the endosomal VEGFR2 signaling platform. Drp1 deletion unleashed VEGFR2 activation and its downstream signaling, indicating that the VEGFR2-Rab5-Drp1 interaction limits VEGFR2 mediated angiogenesis. Our data reveal an unexpected extramitochondrial function of Drp1 in endothelial cells, where it localizes also at the endosomes to constrain the endosomal VEGFR2 signaling platform.


Mathematics is a comprehensive and comparatively monotonous subject,so many students will feel a little bit difficult,there are many problems when they study.We should reform teaching method pertinently after analyzing the cause,aiming to foster good study habit and learning method of students,with which favor individual study of students,and establish a firm base for their future.


Social media is a social interaction between individual on sharing and exchange information. The phenomena associated with social media are increasingly emerging along with the intense use of social media. Cyber - bullying, depression, and self - comparison are some of the emerging phenomena. Use social media wisely require good emotion regulation. Emotion regulation is the ability of individuals to process, organize and select emotions in response to every event to achieve individual well-being. This study aims to understand and describe emotional regulation on social media users, describe emotional regulation strategies on social media users, as well as understand and describe factors that affect emotional regulation on social media users. The data collection method is using open questionnaire. Informants involved in this research are 145 social media user who use 3 or more social media actively and 17 – 40 years old. The result of the research exhibits the forms of emotion regulation on social media users are thinking carefully and using both logic and feeling before decide to do something to avoid any risk, tend to have negative feelings and thoughts when experiencing failure but can behave positively despite self-blame, do self-comparison with other social media users, more often feel negative emotion after using social media. Factors that associated with emotion regulation on social media users are age, gender, amount of social media owned, and time duration of social media usage each day


The current status of the charmonium system is reviewed. Several interesting issues are discussed: The absolute branching ratio of r,~+m~ and t+~'+mL ; the full width and the yy width of the rlc and rib; the three photon decay of the I+V ; and hadronic decays of the qc. Predictions for the rates of these processes at a future Tau Charm Factory are presented.


According to an item in The Observer (1 November 1987), the report of the House of Commons Agriculture Committee on The Effeots of Pestioides on Human Health has been rendered toothless by the failure of three Conservative Members of Parliament to support the Special Report publishedwith the approval of the other members of the II-member Committee, in an attempt to avoid loss of all its costly effort when Parliament was dissolved last May (see ATLA lB, 5, 1987). The Special Report was highly critical of the secrecy surrounding questions of pesticide safety and of the usefulness of animal tests in predicting potential hazard to humans. The reports of House of Commons committees normally represent their agreed and unanimous views, but such agreement could not be reached on this occasion because of the imminent General Election. The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, whose Advisory Committee on Pesticides regulates the use of this category of chemicals in Britain, is reported to have said that the Special Report is nothing to do with them, since it did not have the approval of all members of the Committee. Whatever the Parliamentary niceties may be, the Special Report pointed to a large number of questions which should be answered, in the interests of human safety-and animal welfare.


The solvent shifts of the methylenic protond of CH2Cl2, CH2Br2 and CH2I2 have been measured in amines, ethers and non-polar solvents. Correlation of the solvent shifts of the bromine and iodine compounds ΔCl, serves as a monitor of halogen bonding interactions which are competitive with hydrogen bonding association. Amines interact with CH2I2 via a halogen bond while in ethers hydrogen bonding predpminates. CH2Br2 shows solute–solvent interactions identical to CH2Cl2.


Many researchers have indicated that there are skills that are going to be essential for the future workforce. This review helps identify these skills and the applicability of these skills to job performance of the future organization competing in a globalized environment. The review provides insight into each of the ten listed skills and also information on how the skills will be useful for future organizations. The review will extend previous literature regarding the identified ten skills essential for future organizations. Providing this analysis of the literature and potential applicability of these identified essential skills will help guide and focus additional studies relating to future job performance requirements.


The Internet finance can effectively solve the difficulties of SMEs' financing and individual investment channels,which has become an academic research hotspot. However,restricted by the research perspective,research conditions and research methods,the theoretical research of regional Internet financial industry ecosystem has still been in a stage of exploration. Through the integration of domestic and international Internet financial research foundation,this paper proposes the ecological system of Internet finance. Taking Xiacheng District of Hangzhou city as an example,this paper further proves its operational mechanism. This research result enriches the theory system of Internet finance in some way and provides guidance for the government to construct its Internet finance industry in the future.


Submitted for the DAMOP09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Charged impurities in a BEC RACHEL SAPIRO, DAVID ANDERSON, University of Michigan, RUI ZHANG, Harvard University, GEORG RAITHEL, University of Michigan — We present an apparatus for studying the interactions between a 87Rb BEC and ions or other impurity particles. Our system is unique among BEC machines in that we have the ability to cancel stray electric fields with high precision. This allows us to do controlled experiments in which a single or small number of charged impurities interact with a BEC for a significant amount of time. Furthermore, this system allows for sub-micronresolution spatial imaging of ions or Rydberg atoms. This creates the possibility of high-resolution tomography of structures in a BEC or a cold atom cloud. Rachel Sapiro University of Michigan Date submitted: 23 Jan 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


Time-dependent hydrodynamic equations were solved in order to study the refilling of plasmaspheric flux tubes depleted during magnetic storms. Depending on the initial density profiles in the depleted flux tube, a variety of shock formations occur during the early stage (∼1 hour) of the refilling. After this early stage, an important feature of the flow is the formation of a pair of shocks, which propagate down, one in each hemisphere. The refilling occurs by the downward propagating shocks with speeds 3Ti, where Ti is the ion temperature.


A compact microstrip antenna with a low profile of 0.03λ is proposed to obtain a hemispherical pattern, where λ is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the operation frequency 2.4 GHz. When the side length of the ground is infinite, the 3-dB beamwidths in the xz plane and yz plane are all 180° and the radiation pattern in the xy plane has a gain fluctuation less than 3 dB. When side length of the ground is 2λ, the simulated and measured 3-dB beamwidth in the xz plane are 156° and 157°, respectively; the simulated and measured 3-dB beamwidth in the yz plane are 160° and 155°, respectively. An excellent hemispherical pattern and a near-hemispherical pattern can be obtained when the ground is infinite and finite, respectively.


In order to improve a quick response and accuracy of power switch executive mechanism and provide an analysis basis for correct detection of back-end elasticity,this paper conducts a research on the impact of output from manufacturing error,and reaches the conclusion that manufacturing error of different rod lengths of executive mechanism has an effect on the output angles by means of given different input angles. The result of the analysis provides a reference basis for the rational distribution of manufacturing error of the rod length.


Matrimonial Services Act, 1937 (Herbert Act).

Criminal Justice Bill (Sir Samuel Hoare).

Feversham Report.

Divorce legislation in Scotland.

Assault by mental defective on probation.

Detention of mental defectives. Amending Act to M.D. Act 1913.

Testamentary capacity.

Electroencephalogram in witness box.

Traumatic neurosis. Damages.

The McNaghten rules.

Detention under the finding "Guilty but Insane."

The Infanticide Act, 1938.


Total liver ubiquinone was not influenced by postmortem conditions when intact animals were exposed to room or refrigerator temperatures for periods of 24 h or a combined effect for 48 h. Liver ubi...


Rotomolded containers for solvents and hydrocarbons require the use of high-permeability resins such as polyamide (PA). The published studies with this material are very scarce. In this work, a commercial grade of PA11 was rotational-molded using different processing temperatures and characterized with a range of techniques. The study aims at investigating the influence of the processing conditions on the microstructure and properties of molded parts. The results showed that the spherulitic morphology and the mechanical properties are affected by the processing temperature, the optimum processing range being between 220°C and 240°C. Overheating causes a decrease of the impact strength and a severe increase in the formation of pinholes at the outer surface due to polymer degradation and formation of volatile products. The thermo-oxidation reactions occurring at the inner surface of the samples result in the formation of products that absorb in the UV and visible light regions and cause the microhardness and the melt viscosity of the material to increase. The extent and severity of the degradation at the inner surface may be easily assessed by fluorescence microscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


Torealize end-to-end business processes andthe precise management,itbecomes an essential issue to organize thedataeffectively. Theexisting management information models are mostlyequipment configuration-centric model,focusing on element managementlayer andnetwork managementlayer. The research ofbusiness process-centric management information modeljustlaunches out.Inthis paper, a layered managementinformation modelisproposed whichincludes threelayers. common management information model- physical layer(CMIM-PhL), common managementinformation model - logical layer (CMIM-LoL) andcommon managementinformation model- theme-oriented layer(CMIM-ThOL). The physical layer andlogical layer are modeled with bottom-up viewpoint todescribe the resourcefully and precisely. Thetheme-oriented layer ismodeled with top-down viewpoint tosupportthedatarequirement of business processesimplementation. Thentheideaof 'function relationship map (FRM) " isproposed to perform datarequirement analysis. Finally CMIMThOLismodeled


Summary

Solving unit commitment (UC) problem is one of the most critical tasks in electric power system operations. Therefore, proposing an accurate method to solve this problem is of great interest. The original bacterial foraging (BF) algorithm suffers from poor convergence characteristics for larger constrained optimization problems. In addition, the stopping criterion used in the original BF algorithm increases the computation burden of the original algorithm in many cases. To overcome these drawbacks, a hybridized adaptive BF and genetic algorithm (HABFGA) algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve the UC problem with ramp rate constraint. The HABFGA algorithm can be derived by combining adaptive stopping criterion, BF algorithm and genetic algorithm; therefore, the drawbacks of the original BF algorithm can be treated before employing it to solve the complex UC problem. To illustrate the effectiveness of the HABFGA algorithm, several standard and real test systems with different numbers of generating units are used. The results of HABFGA algorithm are compared with the results obtained using other published methods employing same test systems. This comparison shows the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed method over other published methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The universities' science industry has got a great progress, during many years' development. It plays an important role in the National Technology Creation system and the National Economic Structure Adjustment. But the universities' science industry is also facing a lot of problems that are urgent to be solved. The essay is based on Company Law and the trend of the modern enterprise system puts forward several thinking and the methods to the development of the Universities' Science Industry.


The article presents research results obtained as part of the implemented project regarding identification of the process of adaptation of students to the conditions of new education caused by the pandemic. The opinions of students have been obtained by means of a diagnostic survey. They allowed to reconstruct individual adaptation models adopted by the students in response to distance learning and need to adjust to the education process during lockdown. © 2021, Adam Marszalek Publishing House. All rights reserved.


People are conducting their daily activities in Architectural space. The local community, which uses and gives meaning to that locality, turns the area into a place. Place Attachment is the place that has an emotional connection with the users. This research aims to identify the types and the roles of Place Attachment concerning the local community's religious needs, particularly the Muslim community. This study employs a qualitative research method by deductive literature review and big-data analysis to determine the emotional bonding manifested in the local community mosques' cultural immanence. The study looks into three Aga Khan Awards for Architecture winning projects to qualify the cases as a promising architecture selected by standard criteria. It discovers several tangible and intangible architectural elements inherited from generation to generation within a community, instituted on their sense of religiosity and the basic human need to connect with their Creator. Place Attachment strength and the uniqueness of architectural manifestation are directly related to those elements' immanency and regarded as the inherited DNA of a community.


The hypothesis that local rates of property taxes levied on the value of industrial property may be shifted backward onto labor is formulated and tested with inferences drawn from a sample of labor market areas in Michigan. The analysis is carried out in the context of a two-factor production fuaction for property and labor, for two goods, home and export Products, in a two-sector world comprising the differentially taxed community and all other communities. No a priori assumption about the direction of the backward shifting effect is made. The regression analysis suggests that labor in the differentially taxed area is not burdened by an onerous local property tax charge. Rather wages tend to be higher, the higher the net property tax differential, in labor market areas comprised of firms possessing extensive market power.


The NASA Innovative Partnerships Program sponsors a number of organizations around the country that are designed to assist U.S. businesses in accessing, utilizing, and commercializing NASA-funded research and technology. These organizations work closely with the Technology Transfer Offices, located at each of the 10 NASA field centers, providing a full range of technology transfer and commercialization services and assistance.


Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and ethylene were utilized as gaseous chemical dosimeters, and measurements were made of the doses absorbed by these substances in a nuclear reactor. The neutron and photon fluxes as well as their contributions to the absorbed doses were determined by analyzing the data obtained from the chemical dosimetry, with particular consideration given to the fast neutron energy spectrum. The values of the photon, thermal neutron and fast neutron fluxes thus determined were 2. 6×1013 γ/cm2·sec, 3. 5 × 1013 n/cm2·sec and 7.0×1013 exp(- E)sinh√2E n/cm2·sec. These values were compared with the results from calorimetrie and activation methods, and were found to be in fair agreement with each other. From the above results, it was confirmed that the above combination of chemical dosimeters are serviceable for the measurement of both absorbed dose and fluxes in a nuclear reactor.


Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an opening in the diaphragm in which the abdominal viscera protrudes into the chest as the result of an embryologic defect. CDH can be an isolated anomaly or occur simultaneously with a chromosomal abnormality or genetic syndrome. Prognosis for fetuses with CDH is widely variable and depends on numerous factors including premature birth, the presence of a chromosomal abnormality or genetic disorder, location of the herniation, lung volume, and cardiac involvement. This study presents details of a case of right-sided CDH with an intrathoracic kidney detected sonographically. Fetal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to further characterize the herniation. Both sonography and MRI aided in accurate diagnosis and postnatal treatment planning.


Objective To investigate the effects of infrasound at different frequencies on the pathological morphology of mouse testes and to explore the possible involvement of β-cateinin in the mechanism of injury. Methods Sixty adult BALB/C mice were randomly divided into 2 groups.One group of 6 mice were the controls without infrasound exposure.The other group with 54 mice was evenly divided into 3 subgroups of 18 exposed to 130 dB infrasound at 4 Hz,8 Hz or 20 Hz for 2 hours daily.The pathological morphology of the mice's testes was observed 3,9 and 21 h after exposure.Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine β-catenin expression 3 h after exposure.Results Marked damage was observed in the morphology of the testicular cells of rats in the 8 Hz group.Cell denaturation was found in germinal cells.The cell structure was loosened and the cell junctions had decreased or disappeared.The damage was most serious at 3 h after exposure.But at the same time point,pathological damage of testicular cells was not obvious in the 4 Hz group,with only a few testes cells swollen.The morphology of testicular tissue of mice in the 20 Hz subgroup exhibited no significant difference from the control group.β-catenin was mainly found in the membranes of Leydig cells,Sertoli cells and myoepithelial cells in all of the mice,and there was no significant change in the expression level or distribution pattern between the exposed mice and the controls.No expression ofβ-catenin was found in spermatogenic cells. Conclusion Infrasound at 4 Hz or 8 Hz can damage testicular tissue,at least in mice.At 20 Hz there is no significant effect on the testes.The loosened cell structure might have been caused by the mechanical force produced by the infrasound and not by any decrease of β-catenin.

Key words:
Infrasound; Testes;  β-catenin;  Mice


Over the last two decades it has become apparent that traditional demographic and economic statistics used in western societies are inadequate measures of social change. The growth in measurements such as social indicators was a response to this awareness, and has become linked with the concept of 'quality of life'. There are however many dimensions to this concept, and although social indicators of well-being measure some aspects of the quality of life the terms are not interchangeable, for example, some research has described high levels of satisfaction or happiness in poor, black and ill people which may be explained by their limited expectations (Najman & Levine, 1981). To claim that these people have a high quality of life is to ignore political, cultural, and economic factors. Unfortunately the distinction between quality of life and well-being is often ignored, and the term quality of life has become firmly established in the behavioural sciences and health field. Some of the scepticism surrounding the concept and measurement of well-being when presented as quality of life relates to this misnomer. In this article we will limit the term quality of life to describe well-being. In western societies there has been a considerable decline in both mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases, an increased life expectancy and a rise in the prevalence of chronic disease (Figure 1). U.S. statistics show the considerable impact of chronic diseases on the population and the health care system: 30 million Americans are estimated to have some functional impairment due to chronic disease; 50% of these are unable to carry out major activities such as employment, work within the home or attend school; 67% of these are aged under 65 years, and 33% under 45 years. Chronic diseases account for 80% of health care resources, 60% of patient days of hospitalisation in short stay acute hospitals, and 52% of physician visits (Cluff, 1984). A prevalence disability survey in England estimated 17.9% of women and 12.5% of men in an inner city area had some functional limitation or activity restriction; the most frequently reported impairments were those of the sense organs, bones, central nervous, circulatory and respiratory systems (Patrick et al., 1981). Despite an increasing expenditure on health, competition for resources stimulated health workers to develop measures of the utilization and effectiveness of health care systems. In conjuction with experimental results health economists needed to devise measures of benefit or effectiveness of treatments. Simple cost benefit studies related to work productivity are less appropriate in chronic diseases with a large proportion of subjects not at work. However, methodological approaches were developed primarily by workers in the behavioural sciences and health economics, statistics and operational research fields.


1PhD Scholar, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Science and Technology, Nangui Abrogoua University, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire 2Assistant teaching, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Science and Technology, Nangui Abrogoua University, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire 3Associate Professor, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Science and Technology, Nangui Abrogoua University, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: Response surface methodology using a BoxBehnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize the extraction conditions of crude gum from cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) exudates. The impact of four independent variables, extracting temperature, agitation speed, water to exudates ratio and extracting time in the process were investigated for their individual, interactive and quadratic effects. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a three level, four factor Box-Behnken design (BBD), was employed to obtain the best possible combination of extracting temperature (X1:30-90 °C), agitation speed (X2:0-300 rpm), water to exudates ratio (X3:2-6 mL/g) and extracting time (X4:20-40min)for maximum crude gum extraction yield.The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation via multiple regression analysis and also examined with the appropriate statistical methods (ANOVA). The coefficient of determination (R2) and the adjusted coefficient of determination (Adjusted-R2) for the model was 0.9409 and 0.8682 respectively. An optimum CCG extraction yield was obtained when the extracting temperature of 75 °C, agitation speed of 225 rpm, water to exudates ratio of 6 mL/g and extracting time of 35 min. Under these conditions, validation experiments were performed, and the mean extraction yield of polysaccharides was 90.76 %, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by the model 91.03%.


Modular arithmetic operations like inversion, multiplication and exponentiation are used in several cryptography applications. A special modulo set of forms {2n1,2n,2n+1}are preferred over the generic modulo due to the ease of hardware implementation of modulo arithmetic functions as well as system- level inter- modulo operations, such as RNS-to-binary conversion and sign detections. Key sizes in the range of 512~1024 bits and 160~512 bits are typical in RSA and ECC, respectively. With this precept, a family of radix 8 Booth encoded modulo 2n1 multipliers, with delay adaptable to the RNS multiplier delay, is proposed.The adaptive delay of the proposed family of multipliers is corroborated by CMOS implementations.RNS multiplier, when the critical modulo multiplier delay is significantly greater than the noncritical modulo multiplier delay.Thefirst-everfamilyoflow-areaandlow-powerradix-8Boothen codedmodulo2n-1 multiplier whose delay can be tuned to match the RNS delay closely has been proposed in this paper. ACSA tree with end-around-carry addition for accumulation of redundant partial products and a Sklan sky parallel-prefix structure has also been implemented.


Abstract One of the major remaining obstacles to understanding how ecosystems process carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) within soil organic matter (SOM) is landscape heterogeneity. While many studies have investigated landscape heterogeneity in total SOM C and N, less information exists on landscape patterns for differently aged constituents within SOM. These differently aged constituents can show distinct landscape-level patterns and levels of heterogeneity that contribute to our understanding of the production and decomposition processes that create SOM. Using field measurements from an alpine-subalpine ecosystem and geostatistical analyses, I show here that C and N in the older more recalcitrant SOM of mineral soil have more defined spatial patterns and are less heterogeneous than C and N in the newer more labile SOM of mineral soil at the forest-alpine tundra ecotone (SOM C: CV  =  45% in older, 59% in newer; partial sill [sill minus nugget, i.e., percent of variation explained by spatial autocorrelation]  =  38% in older, 11% in newer; SOM N: CV  =  50% in older, 48% in newer; partial sill  =  6% in older, 44% in newer). I also demonstrate that C∶N ratios show better spatial patterns and reduced landscape heterogeneity when compared with their constituent C and N concentrations (CV of total SOM C  =  41%, total SOM N  =  31%, total SOM C∶N  =  20%; partial sill of total SOM C  =  15%, total SOM N  =  18%, total SOM C∶N  =  64%). The reduced heterogeneity and strong relationships between C and N in older SOM suggest that landscape variation in the chemical composition of the SOM in mineral soils converges over time, possibly as a result of greater chemical variation in plant inputs relative to the products of decomposition reactions.


In this paper, we develop an accelerated stochastic Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) for solving the structured convex optimization problem whose objective is the sum of smooth and nonsmooth terms. The proposed algorithm uses the ideas of both ADMM and accelerated stochastic gradient method, and the involved dual variables are updated twice with a larger stepsize region than the so-called (0, √ 5+1 2 ). To simplify computation of the nonsmooth subproblem, we add a nonnegative proximal term to transform the subproblem into a proximal mapping. By a variational analysis, we show that the proposed stochastic algorithm converges in expectation with the worst-case O(1/T ) convergence rate, where T denotes the number of outer iterations. Convergence rates of a special stochastic augmented Lagrange method and 3-block extensions of the proposed algorithm are also investigated. Numerical experiments on testing a big-data problem in machine learning verify that the proposed method is effective and promising.


This paper reports the findings of a pilot study about exploring the users' perceptions about the sense of presence when interacting with cultural heritage online exhibition in non-3D virtual simulation. Two samples of online exhibition websites were chosen as the case study. Both websites were studied based on existing qualities of virtual museums that could be able to create the sense of presence. Based on that, seven functions in online exhibition websites were identified. Think-Aloud Protocol was implemented in order to investigate whether the identified functions in online exhibitions were able to create the sense of presence. Findings had indicated that functions in online exhibitions that provide similar experience with 3D simulated environment were capable to create the sense of presence between user and the exhibition online environment.


Results: the prevalence of acne vulgaris in Qena secondary school students was 58, acne vulgaris was more prevalent in males (53.5%) than females (46.5%). In addition, We found 5 risk factors associated with AV, the most contributing risk factor for AV of these 5 risk factors was stress (AOR = 18.85, 95% CI 6.313-56.281), regular eating of spicy food (AOR = 13.364, 95% CI 4.525-39.465) and the least contributing risk factor was eating fast food. In our study CADI score was significantly related to the disease grade, being maximum among those with severe grade, followed by moderate and lastly mild disease grade.


Cellular Automata (CA) is a decentralized computing tool which attracts the researchers from different domains. It comprises of various dimensions and particularly having diverse behavior according to the structure considered. Our main goal regarding this study is to analyze the structure and behavior of one dimensional five neighborhood Cellular Automata keeping in mind the aspects and properties of one dimensional three neighborhood Cellular Automata. We here put our effort to brief the study on cellular automata which might help the researchers from this diverse field.


In South Africa, the scholarship of epistemic justice has taken on an historical gaze with higher education framed as a social institution that might ameliorate the historical traumas of colonialism. Undoing the legacies of colonialism has been framed as the democratisation of the knowledge project. Using the White Paper 3 of 1997 that posits academic freedom, institutional autonomy and public accountability as fundamental to institutional governance, in part I of this analysis I broadened public accountability to include the social, political and economic factors that inhibit or act as catalyst to the attainment of educational desire. In this second part publication, I am interested in developing and proposing epistemic impartiality. This concept is developed from Mitova's proposition of 'decolonising knowledge without too much relativism', which ultimately fosters epistemic justice through rigorously scrutinising each epistemic tradition. My suggestion is that epistemic impartiality enables dialogue between divergent traditions.


Subtitle: If you thought California's anti-idling measures were challenging, just wait. Upcoming equipment mandates just might have you wondering whether the Golden State is worth the trouble.


Cushing's disease (CD) is due to an adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumour leading to excess cortisol production. Transphenoidal surgery (TSS) remains the mainstay of treatment, effective in 80% of cases. This study investigated the desmopressin (DDAVP) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation tests as predictors of long-term outcome after TSS. Patients (n1⁄4 57) were followed up for at least 24 months post-TSS. During follow-up, the patients were divided into the following three groups: remission after TSS (n1⁄4 24), late recurrence (n1⁄4 15) and those with persistent disease after TSS (n1⁄4 18). In the late recurrence group, median time to relapse was 40 months. Remission was defined clinically by the need for steroid replacement and by serum cortisol and urinary free cortisol concentrations. The DDAVP and CRH tests were performed at six months with a 48 h interval between tests. DDAVP stimulation showed significantly higher ACTH peaks in the late recurrence group when compared to the remission group (P< 0.0001). The percentage and absolute increases in ACTH concentration were higher in the recurrence versus the remission group. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to detect recurrence showed a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 82% (cut-off change in ACTH> 9 ng/L). CRH stimulation showed no difference in baseline cortisol concentration between the remission and the recurrence groups, but the remission group demonstrated lower ACTH concentrations. The increase and peak in ACTH concentration were statistically higher in the recurrence group versus the remission group (P1⁄4 0.004 and 0.001, respectively). ROC analysis to predict recurrence showed a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 76% (cut-off change in ACTH> 37 ng/L). The authors concluded that DDAVP stimulation confirmed its role in identifying patients at high risk of recurrence. ACTH response to CRH stimulation may provide further information when combined with the DDAVP stimulation test. A positive response to both tests revealed a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative response to both tests had a negative predictive value of 100%.


We consider a class of singularly perturbed systems of semilinear parabolic differential inclusions in infinite dimensional spaces. For such a class we prove a Tikhonov-type theorem for a suitably defined subset of the set of all solutions for e ≥ 0, where e is the perturbation parameter. Specifically, assuming the existence of a Lipschitz selector of the involved multivalued maps we can define a nonempty subset ZL(e) of the solution set of the singularly perturbed system. This subset is the set of the Holder continuous solutions defined in [0, d], d > 0 †Research supported by the project "Qualitative analysis and control of dynamical systems" at the University of Siena and FRBR grant 99-01-00333. 208 A. Gudovich, M. Kamenski and P. Nistri with prescribed exponent and constant L. We show that ZL(e) is uppersemicontinuous at e = 0 in the C[0, d]× C[δ, d] topology for any δ ∈ (0, d].


Some epics are introduced in the history teaching so as to foster students' autonomous learning and operation spirit,stimulate their interest in learning history,promote the history teaching and improve arts comprehensive ability and meet the requirement for college entrance examination.


Using biopsy, brain tumor classification is performed, which is not normally conducted before definitive brain surgery. Technology improvement and machine learning help radiologists with the diagnostics of tumors without invasive measures. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is the machine-learning algorithm that achieved substantial results in image classification and segmentation. Some of the most notable primary brain tumors are meningiomas, gliomas, and pituitary tumors. Gliomas is a general term for a tumor that arises from brain tissues other than nerve cells and blood vessels. But, meningiomas arise from membranes that cover the brain and surround the central nervous system, whereas pituitary tumors are the lumps that sit inside the skull. The most notable important difference between these three types is that meningiomas are generally benign, and gliomas are commonly malignant. This project develops a new CNN architecture to classify brain tumor types. With i) good generalization capability and ii) good execution speed, the newly developed CNN architecture is being used as an effective decision-support tool for radiologists in diagnostics. Python is used for the development of the project. Keywords: Deep Learning, Neural Network, Brain Tumor, MRI Images.


Background: In the emergency department, where providing efficient, cost-effective medical care is becoming increasingly important, care of pregnant women with elevated blood pressures is varied. Currently, there are no recommendations designating when laboratory evaluation for preeclampsia should be initiated in the emergency department. Objective: This study sought to compare the incidence of positive laboratory findings in women with isolated initial versus repetitive elevated blood pressure in the emergency department. Study Design: This retrospective cohort included women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who presented to a tertiary care emergency department between January and July 2014 with an elevated blood pressure (≥ 140 mmHg systolic or ≥ 90 mmHg diastolic) and without significant co-morbidities (chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, preexisting renal or liver disease, or thrombocytopenia). The primary outcome was abnormal laboratory values suggesting preeclampsia (platelets, creatinine, liver enzymes, and urine protein/creatinine ratio). The association between one versus more than one elevated blood pressure in the emergency department and abnormal laboratory evaluation for preeclampsia was evaluated using Fisher's exact test. Secondary outcomes included diagnoses of preeclampsia at emergency department discharge or delivery. Results: Of 4,208 charts screened, 271 met inclusion criteria and had complete preeclampsia labs sent per hospital policy. Of these, 122 had an isolated elevated blood pressure and 149 had more than one elevated blood pressure. Women with multiple elevated blood pressures were more likely to have abnormal preeclampsia labs than women with an isolated elevated blood pressure, 34.2% vs 15.6% (p<0.001). Only one woman with an isolated elevated blood pressure had a laboratory abnormality consistent with a severe feature of preeclampsia. Compared to women with an isolated elevated blood pressure, women with multiple elevated blood pressures were more likely to carry the diagnosis of preeclampsia at the time of discharge from the emergency department (14.8% vs 5.3%, p=0.003), and at the time of delivery (17.9% vs 4.2%, p<0.001). Conclusion: Women with multiple elevated blood pressures are at significantly higher risk for lab abnormalities consistent with preeclampsia and at significantly greater risk for developing preeclampsia by delivery than women with only one elevated blood pressure in the emergency department. Delaying serum laboratory evaluation for preeclampsia in patients presenting to the emergency department until two abnormal blood pressures are noted may be reasonable to decrease costs without significantly increasing morbidity. *Correspondence to: Martha B Kole, MD, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA, Tel: (401)247-1122; E-mail: email@example.com Received: June 17, 2019; Accepted: July 30, 2019; Published: August 02, 2019 Introduction Worldwide, 10% of pregnancies are complicated by hypertension leading to significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality [1]. In the United States, the prevalence of preeclampsia has been increasing, rising from 3.4% in 1980 to 3.8% in 2010 [2,3]. Due to increasing incidence and potential for poor outcomes including preterm delivery, placental abruption, intrauterine growth restriction and perinatal mortality [4-6], healthcare providers should have a heightened awareness of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. This heightened awareness, however, should not be at the cost of evidencebased assessment of patients with newly elevated blood pressures. The diagnosis of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia require the development of hypertension which is defined as a persistent systolic blood pressure (BP) of 140mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic BP of 90mm Hg or higher after 20 weeks gestation in women with previously normal blood pressure [1]. Blood pressures should be elevated on 2 or more occasions at least 4 hours apart. Recommendations from The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy clearly state that a blood pressure reading should be taken at least 5 minutes after the patient has been in a relaxed sitting position and if the initial BP measurement is elevated it should be repeated after several minutes in attempt to eliminate spuriously elevated BP determinations [1]. Preeclampsia is differentiated from gestational hypertension by the presence of proteinuria or additional serum markers that may be present in more severe forms of the disease even in the absence of proteinuria. Currently there are no guidelines indicating when to perform a Kole MB (2019) Is one elevated blood pressure enough? A retrospective analysis of preeclampsia labs sent from the emergency room Clin Obstet Gynecol Reprod Med, 2019 doi: 10.15761/COGRM.1000259 Volume 5: 2-5 laboratory evaluation for preeclampsia in the emergency department, a setting in which waiting four hours for an additional elevated blood pressure is typically not feasible. Given a lack of data, in some emergency room settings, such as ours, 'preclamsia labs' (complete blood count, liver transaminases, serum creatinine, urinalysis and urine protein/ creatinine ratio) are sent after any elevated blood pressure reading that occurs once a woman has been sitting for more than 5 minutes. Due to this practice, many women are committed to a "preeclampsia workup" following an isolated elevated blood pressure reading often resulting in normal lab results and leading to increased hospital charges, longer length of stay and heightened patient anxiety. The objective of our study was to compare the rate of abnormal preeclampsia labs in women with isolated (only 1) versus repetitive (≥2) elevated blood pressures in the emergency department setting. Additionally, we sought to assess the rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the time of delivery in women with isolated compared to repetitive elevated blood pressures in the emergency department.


Multi-clock domain circuits with Clock Domain Crossing (CDC) interfaces are emerging as an alternative to circuits with a global clock. CDC interfaces are susceptible to metastability, hence their design is very challenging. This paper presents a hybrid FIFO-asynchronous method for constructing robust CDC interfaces. The proposed design can handle arbitrary clock frequency ratios between the sender and receiver with random phase shifts. The proposed design avoids latency due to synchronizers with the asynchronous protocol modifications. Circuit simulation results confirm the operation and robustness of the design at maximum workloads, and arbitrary frequency ratios, over a temperature range of -50 to 50 degrees Celsius. The interface offers a maximum throughput of 606 million transfers per second without pausing the clock.


In this paper, a six-axis optical fiber coupler machine was used as experimental platform. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the structural shape of the optical fiber coupler. It was studied that the law between the three of technology, performance and microstructure of optical fiber coupler.


Objective To investigate the role of high mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)in the occurrence of oral Lichen planus(OLP). Methods Forty-three patients with OLP ane 45 healthy volunteeree were selectee as our subjects. Serum HMGB1 ane tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)were eeterminee by ELISA. The levels of serum HMGB1 were further evaluatee accoreing to geneer,ages ane clinical classification in OLP. Results The eistribution of serum HMGB1 was skewee. The average serum HMGB1 concentration in OLP patients were 75. 55 μg/ L(45. 07,202. 02 μg/ L),significantly higher than that in control group(55. 66 μg/ L, (34. 47,110. 63 μg/ L)). After logarithmic converting ane perform statistic analysis,the eifference was statistically significant( t = 2. 443,P = 0. 017). Serum HMGB1in OLP patients was positively correlatee with TNF-α(r = 0. 555,P = 0. 001)ane no correlation was seen in terms of age,geneer ane clinical classification of the eisease in patients. Conclusion The serum increase HMGB1 may involve in the process OLP pathology. Further stuey shoule be performee to proviee the evieence for the clinical treatment of OLP.

Key words:
Oral lichen planus;  High mobility group protein B1 ;  Tumor necrosis factor-α


We consider Z N -extensionsF of a global function eld F and study var- ious aspects of Iwasawa theory with emphasis on the two main themes already (and still) developed in the number elds case as well. When dealing with the Selmer group of an abelian variety A dened over F , we provide all the ingredients to formulate an Iwasawa Main Conjecture relating the Fitting ideal and the p-adic L-function associ- ated to A andF. We do the same, with characteristic ideals and p-adic L-functions, in the case of class groups (using known results on characteristic ideals and Stickelberger elements for Z d -extensions). The nal section provides more details for the cyclotomic Z N -extension arising from the torsion of the Carlitz module: in particular, we relate cyclotomic units with Bernoulli-Carlitz numbers by a Coates-Wiles homomorphism.


Purpose – This paper aims to study sustainable business practices of two Spanish small and medium enterprise (SMEs) belonging to different sectors: a winery and a paint company. Special attention is paid to the drivers of such business practices and the lessons that can be learnt from them.Design/methodology/approach – This research employs a comparative case study approach. The authors describe and compare two business cases from different industry sectors. This paper concludes with several findings that could be of interest for some other companies, as well as interesting areas of future research.Findings – A comparison of sustainable business practices and their drivers. Similarities and differences between companies lead to different approaches to sustainability. Sustainability may be understood as a strategic tool in order to achieve competitive advantages and help companies successfully operate internationally.Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this research is the specific s...


This report describes the history of monitoring work and the legal framework which applies to employee privacy rights and associate4d issues of worker protection.