Ovarian cancer (OC) is an immunogenic tumor and among the first where measures of anti-tumor immunity correlated with improved survival. Thus, immunotherapy could be a viable OC treatment modality. Nonetheless, clinical OC immunotherapy trials have demonstrated only modest successes at best, and there is currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)approved OC immune therapy despite recent successes in other carcinomas and lymphomas and FDA-approved immunotherapy agents for them. New data suggest specific impediments to effective de novo and treatment-induced anti-OC immunity and support the concept that effective, tolerable OC immunotherapy could be developed based on these newer insights. This chapter reviews the history of OC immunotherapy, highlights important discoveries in OC-related immune dysfunction, covers promising recent developments, highlights newer and ongoing clinical trials, and speculates on future directions that could lead to improved OC immunotherapy approaches.


The corresponding relationship between the different phases of equipment test process and the risk management action is studied,and the content and target of risk management in equipment test are researched.The process risk,plan risk and outlay risk in equipment test process are analyzed.The risk forecast and risk disposal are studied by demonstration of test command.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of atherosclerotic lipids using a stimulated-echo diffusion- weighted (STED) sequence is demonstrated. The STED sequence exploits the large difference in diffusion between lipid (primarily cholesteryl ester) and water. The optimization of the STED sequence is discussed. The results of lipid imaging are corroborated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This technique is non-invasive, and therefore, it is potentially useful in following the progression of the disease in animal models and in humans.


AIM To establish a method for the determination of panipenem and betamipron for injection,research the stability of panipenem and betamipron for injection with the four common clinical infusion fluids.METHODS The contents of panipenem and betamipron in the fluids were determined at different time points by RP-HPLC,the outward appearance,color variety and pH value were investigated in the same time.RESULTS Within 6 h,the contents,the outward appearance and the pH value of panipenem and betamipron had no apparent changes at room temperature;but after 12 h,the color variety could be observed clearly in 10%glucose,the same color variety could be observed in glucose and sodium chloride injection.CONCLUSION Panipenem and betamipron for injection are stable in the four fluids within 6 h,but it must be used carefully with the 10%glucose and glucose and sodium chloride injection after a long time delay.


The peel volatile components of citron and pummelowere investigated in this study.Peel flavor components were extracted by using cold-press andeluted by using n-hexane. Then all analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS.Fifty-twoand forty-seven peel components incitron and pummelo respectivelyincluding: aldehydes,alcohols, esters, ketones,monoterpenesandsesquiterpeneswere identified and quantified. The major flavor components were limonene,γ-terpinene, β-myrcene, (E)-βocimene, α-Pinene, β-Pinene,neraland geranial. Betweentwospecies examined, citronshowed the highest content of aldehydes. Since the aldehyde content of Citrus oilisconsidered asone of the most important indicators of high quality,species apparently has a profound influence on Citrus oil quality.


Following the work reported in previous article, silicified woods were investigated further by means of organic compound analysis, electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), polarizing microscopy, and X-ray diffraction to clarify the process of silicification in relation to the structure of silcified wood. The results obtained were as follows: Organic compound analysis indicated that a considerable amount of organic carbon was detected in black silicified wood specimens (Samples SENDAI-A and B), whereas the light colored specimens contained only traces or extremely low amounts of organic carbon (Samples SENDAI-C, FUJINA, and SAIGO). It was found that this organic carbon was distributed in the walls, particularly in specimens of SENDAI-A and B where it was prominent on both composition images and carbon X-ray maps. In sample NIMA, the distribution of silica, besides carbon, was recognized in the walls, and it was noted that the resinous contents in resin cells were not silicified but contained a high concentration of carbon, suggesting the fossilization of resin (amber). On the other hand, in Sample FUJINA, little carbon was distributed in the walls which were almost completely replaced by silica. Furthermore, in Sample SENDAI-C in which isolated silicified tracheids had been discovered, most of the walls were converted into silica, and the intercellular substance had disappeared. Examination by polarizing microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that in Sample SENDAI-A the cells containing quartz in the lumens were few and scattered, and in the mineral, apart from quartz, was opal CT. In the specimens from the Miocene, minerals in the lumens almost all became quartz. The trend shown in Fig. 7 is summarized and the process of silicification in silcified wood is discussed. Kanae YOKOYAMA, KANAE


Evaluations on critical components of the mobile biological isolation system were performed. High efficiency particulate air filter efficiency and suit integrity were found to withstand repeated ethylene oxide (ETO) sterilizations. The minimum ETO sterilization time required to inactivate all contaminant organisms was established at four hours. Two days of aerating at 120 F was found to dissipate all harmful ETO residuals from the suit. Donning and doffing procedures were clarified and written specifically for isolation rooms.


This article concerns two simple types of bounded operators with real spectrum on a Hilbert space H. The purpose of this note is to suggest an abstract algebraic characterization for these operators and to point out a rather unexpected connection between such algebraic considerations and the classical theory of ordinary differential equations. Now some definitions. A Jordan operator has the form S + N where S is selfadjoint, N = 0, and S commutes with N. A sub-Jordan operator is the restriction of a Jordan operator / to an invariant subspace of /. A coadjoint operator T satisfies e~l e = I+A,s + A7s for some operators A, and A2 or equivalently T* — 3 77* T + 3 r* r2 ir3 = o. The main results are Theorem A. An operator T is Jordan if and only if both T and T are coadjoint. Theorem B. // T is coadjoint, if T has a cyclic vector, and if críT) =[a,b], then T is unitarily equivalent to ' multiplication by x' on a weighted Sobolev space of order 1 which is supported on \.a, b]. Theorem C. // T is coadjoint and satisfies additional technical assumptions, then T is a sub-Jordan operator. Let us discuss Theorem C. Its converse, every sub-Jordan operator is coadjoint, is easy to prove. The proof of Theorem C consists of using Theorem B to reduce Theorem C to a question about ordinary differential equations which can be solved by an exacting application of the Jacobi conjugate point theorem for Sturm-Liouville operators. The author suspects that Theorem C is itself related to the conjugate point theorem. Introduction. This article concerns the two simplest types of bounded operators with real spectrum on a Hilbert space H. The purpose of this article is to suggest an abstract algebraic characterization for these operators and to point out a rather unexpected connection between such algebraic considerations and the classical theory of ordinary differential equations. In particular, our Theorem II which gives an algebraic characterization of certain sub-Jordan operators (defined below) seems very closely related to the classical theorem asserting that a SturmLiouville operator defined on the interval [a, b] is positive definite if and only if there are no points conjugate to a in the interval. One appealing thing is that Received by the editors August 2, 1971. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 4730, 4740, 3442; Secondary 4760.


The invention relates to the technical field of software licenses, and particularly to a Web system license verification mechanism. The Web system license verification mechanism comprises the steps of: firstly identifying a requested URL; then writing the URL into a license file as a mark; then encrypting to a cipher text and storing in the Web system; decrypting the cipher text and outputting to a memory when the Web system is initialized, and then establishing a multi-branch tree through the URL of the function in the license; receiving a request for a specific function by the Web system, performing matching searching in the multi-branch tree while the requested URL as a searching value, if a corresponding URL is found, authorization of the function is proved, requesting next-step processing until a response is returned finally; and otherwise, intercepting the request and immediately returning non-authorized response of the function request. The Web system license verification mechanism based on multi-branch tree searching according to the invention is suitable for the Web system which has multiple functions and requires granularity authorization on the function.


Apparatus and methods for measuring the concentrations of organic and inorganic carbon, or of other materials, in aqueous samples are described, together with related, specially adapted components and sub-assemblies and related control, operational and monitoring systems.


This article discusses the experience of Sacred Heart Mission's Journey to Social Inclusion (J2SI) program in supporting people who have experienced long-term homelessness to re-engage with the broader community. It examines the importance of relationship based work to facilitate change and looks at using meaningful activities such as education, training and employment as a vehicle to creating social connections. It highlights the need for adequate time and appropriate resourcing and identifies some of the challenges faced and successes achieved.


There has been a recent move towards image-guided surveillance of N2/N3 disease in HNSCC and neck dissection only in selected cases PET-CT demand is rising and alters management in a third of HNSCC patients PET-CT is expensive and can lead to unnecessary and harmful investigations, delaying treatment The MDT is significantly less likely to request an inappropriate PET-CT than the individual clinician Collaboration among specialists may minimise the ordering of inappropriate PET-CTs, reducing costs and improving patient safety and management.


Two cheers at least for Dr. Puppe and his colleagues from Wiirzburg and Diisseldorf and their evaluation of various diagnostic methods in patients with acute abdominal pain. In an era where the advocates and opponents of computer-aided diagnosis and decision support become ever more shrill (a problem about which the present author has recently complained at some length in the pages of this journal) [1], careful studies such as those carried out by Dr. Puppe ad his colleagues are to be welcomed. This careful study tells us quite a lot. tells us, for example, that Bayes' is more likely to be accurate in common diseases, whereas other methods are more likely to be accurate in uncommon diseases (which is what one might expect). The study also provides some circumstantial evidence for a proposition which the authors themselves point out, namely that there may be more to be gained by "cleaning up" the data-gathering process than by evoking ever more complicated mathematics. Once again this is a proposition which has been around for some time. A quarter of a century ago the present author pointed out that in the absence of careful data collection and adoption of pre-agreed reproducible definitions of terminology, there was a substantial danger that the use of a computer to analyse the resultant imprecise data


The distances optical interconnects must cover are decreasing as Internet traffic continues to increase. Since short-reach interconnect applications require many transmitters, cost and power consumption are significant issues. Directly modulated lasers with a wavelength-scale active volume will be used as optical interconnects on boards and chips in the future because a small active volume is expected to reduce power consumption. We developed electrically driven photonic crystal (PhC) lasers with a wavelength-scale cavity in which the active region is embedded in a line-defect waveguide of an InP-based PhC slab. We call this a λ-scale embedded active region PhC laser, or a LEAP laser. The device, whose active region has six quantum wells with 2.5 × 0.3 × 0.15 μm3 active volume, exhibits a threshold current of 28 μA and provides 10 fJ/bit of operating energy to 25 Gbit/s NRZ (non-return-to-zero) signals. The fiber-coupled output power is 6.9 μW. We also demonstrate heterogeneous integration of LEAP lasers on a SiO2/Si substrate for low-cost photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The threshold current is 40.5 μA and the output power is 4.4 μW with a bias current of 200 μA. These results indicate the feasibility of using PhC lasers in very-short-distance optical communications.


"Can the Sun Lie", "Entering Evidence", "Uneasy Listening". Essay contributions to Forensis: The Architecture of Public Truth. Ed. Forensic Architecture, Berlin: Sternberg Press, (2014): 56-64, 279-314, 381-392.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the dynamic change of total flavonoids and its main aglycone and glycoside content in Mentha haplocalyx Briq.

METHODS
Using UV-VIS spectrum and HPLC method for the total flavonoids and its aglycone and glycoside.

RESULTS
The accumulation of flavonoids showed a regular pattern.

CONCLUSION
The contents of total flavonoids and its main aglycone and glycoside are highest in the traditional harvesting time.


Background: Successful approaches and projects are critical to the venture of solid propensities and the alleviation of hazard factors for ailment. The Integrated Management of Child Illness (IMCI) system was presented in the principle focal point of the system was on improving clinical consideration given at wellbeing offices to outpatient debilitated kids. IMCI expects to decrease demise, sickness and inability. IMCI incorporates both preventive and remedial components that are actualized by families and networks just as by wellbeing offices. Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge of health workers regarding IMNCI, 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured teaching programme on IMNCI, 3. To discover a relationship between pre-test information scores and chose segment factors. Methodology: Evaluative research approach used for this study. Pre- experimental (One group Pretest – posttest) design carried out for the Study. Collected information by self-structured questionnaire by purposive sampling method. Result: Assessed the knowledge regarding IMNCI among health workers and result were found as: pre-test majority of the health workers 60% common knowledge, 26% poor knowledge and 14% good knowledge. Whereas, in post-test 68% of usual knowledge, 24% had good information & 8% poor knowledge on the subject of IMNCI among health workers. Conclusion: Study revealed that effectiveness of structured teaching programme is effective to increase the knowledge on IMNCI among health workers.


A new aqueous tape-casting process that is simple and environment friendly has been developed to fabricate the γ-LiAlO 2 matrix for molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). Very-fast-drying green sheets having a thickness of 500-600 μm, no defects, and good workability have been obtained using an aqueous tape-casting process and protein. The microstructure of the γ-LiAlO 2 matrices (50%-60% porosity and 0.15 μm average pore size) required in a MCFC matrix can be prepared using this method.


Objective: Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) has been used for alleviating peptic ulcer or gastric discomfort, and treating spleen disorders since the Song Dynasty, but its pharmacological effect on human gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. In this research, a network pharmacology-based strategy was applied to explore active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms of SJZD against GC. Methods: The active compounds and potential targets of SJZD, as well as GC-associated gene targets, were retrieved from publicly available databases. Bioinformatics approaches were used to assess the network interaction, functional regulation, and signaling pathways between SJZD ingredients and GC targets. The anticancer effects of SJZD against GC were verified in vivo by a mouse subcutaneous model. Results: The results of network analysis showed that quercetin was the most active ingredient in SJZD. Several prominent target genes of SJZD were identified, such as AKT1 and STAT3. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the core anti-GC targets of SJZD included transcription factor activity and kinase activity. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that GC patients could be benefited from SJZD treatment via modulation of signaling pathways related to endocrine system, cancer, and infectious disease. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that high-dose SJZD could inhibit GC xenograft tumor growth, reduce GC cell proliferation, induce GC cell apoptosis, and decrease the expression of p-AKT1 and p-STAT3. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that SJZD can serve as an effective adjuvant therapeutic agent for GC patients.


xvi CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background of Study 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Research Objectives 4 1.4 Significance of Study 5 1.5 Conclusion 6 Health Promotion, Social Marketing, Twitter vii CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.0 Introduction 7 2.1 Review of the Literature 7 2.1.1 Social Media and Health Promotion 7 220.127.116.11 Twitter 9 2.1.2 Social Marketing 9 22.214.171.124 Criteria of Social Marketing 10 2.1.3 Overweight and Obesity 11 184.108.40.206 Causes of Overweight and Obesity 11 220.127.116.11 Effect of Overweight and Obesity 13 126.96.36.199 Solutions for Overweight and Obesity 13 2.2 Review of Relevant Theoretical Models 14 2.2.


In this paper a four element antenna for GSM applications has been proposed. The elements can be fed by a single line or by multiple lines in a feed network arrangement,so we have proposed an array to improve the performance of wireless antenna. In this work, concept of defected ground structure has also been proposed to achieve greater bandwidth of microstrip patch antenna. The basic element of DGS is a resonant gap or slot in the ground metal, placed directly under a transmission line and aligned for efficient coupling to the line. The proposed antenna array will be designed in various design stages. First,A single antenna without defected ground structure will be designed and simulated as well.Then Same antenna using same feeding method and same dielectric constant will be designed with defected ground structure. At the third stage, antenna designed at second stage will be converted in to antenna array. At the final and last stage, results obtained from all the previous design stages will be compared. The proposed antenna will be designed using perfect electric conducting material on Roggers RT5880 substrate having 2.2 dielectric constant. The proposed antenna will be designed using user friendly CST Microwave studio Software.


The paper uses a boundary integral equation method to calculate effective elastic moduli of cavernous (with the positive curvature of the pore space) microheterogeneous media. The potential method is first applied to solving 3D elastic tasks in multiply-connected domains. The ratio VS/VP for cavernous media is shown to decrease with increasing pore pressure and depends essentially on the specific surface of the pore space.


This paper is mainly about how to evaluate firm value of enterpris es which are with financial difficulties.When the difficulties are temporary and can be overcome,methods such as FCFF,P/Sales,average EPS can be used.But if the difficu lties may finally terminate the enterprises,then method of Liquidation Valuation and Black-Scholes model are more suitable.


Minimum potential structure composed of helical polymer molecules is studied. The intramolecular potential and the intermolecular potential between the nearest neighbor molecules are taken into account. Attending to the geometric symmetry of the system general features of the minimum potential structure is investigated. The process to build up the bulk structure from a couple of molecules which are of the minimum potential packing is given in detail. Unperiodic structures as well as periodic structures are found to be the minimum potential structures. Crystallographic space groups of the periodic structures are given. Some periodic structures belong to lower symmetry systems than their lattices.


Through-silicon-Via (TSV) based three dimensional stacked integrated circuits (3D SICs) testing is a promising area in modern days semiconductor industry. It is seen that the yield of 3D SIC depends on interlayer vertical inter-connectors. Imperfection during the fabrication process results in yield-reducing manufacturing defects. Hence, identification of faulty TSVs and recovery of those faulty TSVs are necessary to improve the yield. In this paper, we have proposed a methodology to test the regular TSVs before bonding (pre-bonding) to identify the faulty TSVs uniquely in reduced test time. Our algorithm also performs better in terms of test time reduction than the previous works presented in the literature. This paper also has discussed the idea of recovery of faulty regular TSVs using redundant TSVs. For a given group ratio, the best possible multiple dependent regular TSVs can be achieved using our proposed scheme for redundancy.


This paper presents an all-in-one fully integrated circuit solution for a vibrating micro-electromechanical gyroscope system using standard 0.25um 1P5M low voltage CMOS process. The analog parts of the system include a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) with adaptive gain control (AGC) for the resonator driving loop, a sigma-delta modulator with gain/offset trimming function for the Coriolis signal read-out and a modified all PMOS charge pump for the high DC voltage. The digital signal processing parts include a trimming/control logic circuit and an I2C interface. SOG-bulk micromachining and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) are adopted to fabricate the gyroscope sensor element with high aspect-ratio sensing structure and high yield. The experimental results indicate that the noise floor achieves 0.051° / s/ √Hz and the scale factor is 7mV/ °/s of the proposed two chip MEMS gyroscope system.


Vehicular Cloud Network (VCN) is an up coming technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) used for traffic management such as, storage, computing Internet, etc. in vehicles and road side infrastructures. Internet of Things (IoTs) and VCN are the key networking profound technologies of the up coming future wireless communication. Vehicular cloud networking is a complex system with a large number of shared resources. Vehicular cloud computing resource management requires intelligent algorithms for resource discovery, resource allocation and resource sharing. Resource discovery in vehicular cloud networking is a challenging issue because of the attaining accuracy in resource information when the vehicles are on fly and changes are frequent and unpredictable. We have proposed multi agent based honey bee optimization for efficient discovery of resource in vehicular cloud networks in this position paper. In honey bee optimization technique, we have used multiple mating behavior based approach to solve cloud selection problem in vehicular cloud networks. Identification of the appropriate cloud resource in minimum delay is the main contribution of the proposed research work.


Boys are heavier at birth than girls, but girls have higher fat mass at birth than boys. Insulin action may play an important role of this different distribution. Animal models have shown that female offspring are more sensitive to maternal feeding and glucose values during pregnancy and weaning than male offspring. Newborn girls have higher insulin and proinsulin concentrations and total proinsulin-to-insulin ratios in cord blood than boys, despite lighter birth weight. In a cohort of 522 newborn above 37 gestational weeks we split between the sexes and studied associations between birth weights, parental anthropometrics and fasting maternal plasma glucose and insulin levels. Boys weighed 184g more than girls, they were 1.1 cm longer and head circumference differed by 0.86 (all p values <0.01). Multiple linear regressions showed that parity, maternal body mass index, gestational age and maternal birth weight were associated with birth weight for both sexes, whereas maternal weight gain in pregnancy and maternal fasting plasma glucose at week 30-32 were significantly associated with birth weight for girls only. The effect of fasting plasma glucose on birth weight in girls was twice as high as in boys (B=162, 95% CI 33.4-291, p=0.01). Paternal birth weight was significantly associated with birth weight of boys, but no such association was seen for girls. This supports the notion that there is a genetic regulation along the male line. Girls may be more sensitive to intrauterine environment and maternal glucose values, as these have a stronger influence on birth weight of girls.


APL/B5500, as implemented by Computer Science students at the University of Washington, is designed to service eight remote model 33 teletypes on the B5500 while allowing background processing to proceed normally. The implementation uses reserved words for operators. The transliteration chosen (see attached page) omits several obvious characters, including>, <, !,?, because these characters have special control functions on the B5500 remote system at the University of Washington. The execute operator (monadic epsilon) is included in the implementation.


Acid phosphatase isoenzyme (AcP-II) from leaves of germinating seeds of vigna radiata (mung beans) was partially purified by CM-Cellulose chromatoghraphy, gelfiltration on Ultrogel AcA 44 and Con A-Sepharose affinity chromatoghraphy. The specific activity of 25U/ mg of protein was obtained with recovery of 4 %. The enzyme showed a purification by a factor of 86. Gel filtration experiment and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the isoenzyme had a molecular weight of 29 kDa. The Km value of the isoenzyme was 0.5 mM with p- nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. The enzyme had pH optimum of 5.5 and optimum temperature of 60 o C. The enzyme was inhibited by phosphate, vanadate, fluoride and molybdate. It was also strongly inhibited by Cu ++ , Hg ++ , Zn ++ and Al +++ . The enzyme had very little effect of inhibition by thiol specific reagents, such as iodoacetamide, N-ethyl- maleimide etc., suggesting that no -SH groups are involved in the enzyme catalysis. Dithiothreitol and β- mercaptoethanol had small activating effect at low concentrations indicating their properties as reducing agents but at their high concentrations, the activation was replaced by inhibition, suggesting that these thiols may cause a conformational change in the enzyme at a place other than the active site. Variation of Km values with pH alteration study showed that a histidine may constitute a part of an active site. This was confirmed by inhibitory effect of high concentration of iodoacetate at pH 7.2


It is suggested that the area in the vicinity of Mountain Park, Alberta, (52°50′ N; 117°20′ W) in the Canadian Rocky Mountains was a refugium during the Wisconsin period, where alpine and montane bryophytes and flowering plants survived the glaciation in situ. Evidence for this view includes data derived from geological investigations and from the present distribution of a number of bryophyte and angiosperm species. Alternative explanations to account for these distributions are discussed and reasons for rejecting them as highly improbable are presented.


Deterministic one-way Turing machines with sublinear space bounds are systematically studied. We distinguish among the notions of strong, weak, and restricted space bounds. The latter is motivated by the study of P automata. The space available on the work tape depends on the number of input symbols read so far, instead of the entire input. The class of functions space constructible by such machines is investigated, and it is shown that every function f that is space constructible by a deterministic two-way Turing machine, is space constructible by a strongly f space-bounded deterministic one-way Turing machine as well. We prove that the restricted mode coincides with the strong mode for space constructible functions. It turns out that the strong mode is computationally less powerful than the weak mode, for any sublinear space constructible function. Moreover, the known innite, dense, and strict hierarchy of strong space complexity classes is shown also for the weak mode by Kolmogorov complexity arguments. Finally, closure properties under Boolean operations are obtained for weak space bounds. These properties are dierent from the known properties of strong space bounds.


Long term effect of IFN treatment in paediatric patients with chronic ITP has not yet been established. We treated nine patients with chronic form of disease aged 17-184 monts (median 90 months), M/F 5/4. Conventional therapy with corticosteroids and HDIVIG failed. None of the patients underwent splenectomy. All patients received 12 doses of alfa 2b IFN 3 MU/mq three times weekly, in seven patients we used repeated courses of IFN therapy.


Tunnel boring machines excavating through soft soils face different challenges, one of which occurs when the soil sticks to the cutter face or the conveyor band and obstructs the machine. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as clogging, leads to wearing of the cutting wheel and transportation system, delays in the time schedule and economic loss. Although several laboratory devices can evaluate the adhesion mechanism of soil to metal, the method to measure adhesion has not been standardised. As clogging is also directly related to the construction phase, engineers are more concerned with methods to avoid this problem during construction. In this regard, the application of soil conditioners has become useful, the benefits of which include torque reduction, easier soil manageability and clogging reduction. However, the effectiveness of the soil conditioners is difficult to evaluate. To provide some insight into the topic, this paper describes the basic mechanism of clogging, the key parameters for its evaluation, the laboratory tests conducted up to date, the classification diagrams developed to assess clogging risk and mitigation of this risk in underground tunnelling. This paper also describes some of the additives and their functions, the ratios used for measurement and application, and the current tests to evaluate their performance. Finally, the conclusions summarise the current findings in the issue of clogging, pointing to the advantages and shortcomings of previous research, as well as some lines of investigation to improve identification and mitigation of this problem.


New South Wales Supreme Court, Henry J, 17 July 2019. Will with a gift to a charity that ceased to exist and a cy-pres scheme ordered with costs


Good morning, professor! The greeting was a rather unusual one for twenty-one fourth graders, but it marked their first experience with a university professor as their teacher. It was the beginning of a collaborative teaching arrangement in which the classroom teacher and professor would work together with a fourth grade class. The idea for the collaboration came about as a university professor, one of the authors, wanted to reacquaint himself with the practical aspects of teaching-to apply the educational theory that he taught in his teacher education courses and reflect on how educational research could be applied in the elementary classroom. The professor contacted a former student, a fourth grade teacher. The two designed and carried out a twoyear program in which they taught language arts. The professor and classroom teacher decided to plan activities together, to teach together as a team, and to reflect upon each lesson and discuss their reactions. They also decided to maintain personal journal accounts of the experience. They recognized that their perspectives on teaching differed greatly, and the journals helped in clarifying and understanding the differences. The professor's viewpoint was based upon theory while the classroom teacher was immersed in the practice of teaching young students. To bridge this gap the participants committed themselves to a practice of open, honest dialogue. In this paper the authors discuss this experience with collaborative teaching.


Astronauts in a space vehicle or in an extra planetary environment, as well as groundbased personnel working within or nearby spacecrafts can potentially be exposed to lethal amounts of hazardous gases. Space vehicles often use hydrazine and similar gases as fuel for some small engines. These gases can be extremely dangerous even in concentrations as low as tens of parts per billion. It is therefore important to be able to detect, identify, and quantify the presence of a gas, especially when its existence could result in serious injury or death.


We report on the thermal decomposition of uncapped, ultrathin HfO 2 films grown by chemical vapor deposition on SiO2 /Si(100) substrates. Medium energy ion scattering, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to examine the films after they had been annealed in vacuum to 900–1050 °C. Film decomposition is a strong function of the HfO2 overlayer thickness at a given temperature, but the underlying SiO 2 layer thickness does not significantly affect the thermal stability of the HfO 2 film. Oxygen diffusion in the system was monitored by O/O isotopic labeling methods. Direct evidence of silicide formation is observed upon decomposition. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1578525 #


There is represented the analysis of the sickness rate among the children and adolescents on the typical areas of the Irkutsk region during 2003-2011 (by example of the Taishet district). We have established that the sickness rate of the Taishet district is typical for every south-west area, however significantly lower than in industrial centers of the Irkutsk region. Children and adolescents of the whole Irkutsk region as well as the Taishet district distinguish themselves by the increase of the sickness rate of respiratory diseases (the growth rate over the period of the analysis ranges from 18 to 117 %). There are calculated the values of the comparative risk of the priority types of diseases for industrial centers: respiratory diseases (for children RR = 1,4 (р


This paper proposes a new 12/20 three-phase switched reluctance motor (SRM). This SRM contains six connected C-cores in the stator and a rotor with 20 poles. Each C-core can be considered as two poles; a pole for passing the magnetic flux from the stator to the air gap and rotor and another pole for returning the magnetic flux from the rotor to the air gap and stator. Each pole is excited using a concentric winding. In order to achieve the highest torque, the suggested topology is optimized using the genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the suggested SRM is simulated and analyzed. A comparative analysis was conducted between the designed motor and a similarly sized optimized typical SRM based on the finite element method (FEM) simulation results as a means of highlighting their respective characteristics. The suggested motor has been demonstrated to possess superior specifications in comparison to the typical SRM.


In semiconductor industry, deflashing is one of the important process steps during manufacturing of the semiconductor product. The term `deflashing' is used to describe the removal of excessive mold bleed and resin bleed as a result of molding process in the assembly of the plastic devices as shown in figure 1. Mold bleed is black color material and is due to leakage while resin bleed is transparent / light yellowish-brown color and is due to separation of the epoxy resin from the fillers.


Adult male Wistar rats, trained to stay on a continuous motor-driven belt running over an electrified grid, showed a dose-dependent impairment of this learned performance when given ethanol in amounts which produced blood alcohol levels ranging from 75 to 350 mg/100 ml. After 14 daily doses of ethanol, rising from 3 to 6 g/kg, the treated animals showed a parallel shift of dose-response curve, such that the ED5O had increased by approximately 33%. Sucrose-treated controls showed no such shift. By 14 days after cessation of alcohol treatment, the dose-response curve of the alcohol-treated animals had returned to its starting position. In a second experiment, the change in dose-response curve was examined at 3-day intervals during a 24-day treatment period and a subsequent 28-day recovery period. Tolerance was maximally increased in three weeks of treatment; it was appreciably reduced within one week of withdrawal, appeared to be subnormal for a short time and returned to normal within three to four weeks after cessation of the daily alcohol administration. Blood ethanol measurements in the first experiment indicate that the changes in tolerance resulted from changes in resistance of the nervous system, rather than in alcohol distribution. Development of increased tolerance was accompanied by the appearance of signs of hyperirritability after the peak effect of each test dose had passed.


This paper discusses the reasons for the renewed interest in the concept of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) seawater propulsion. The main advantages of this concept are presented, together with some of the technical challenges that need to be overcome to achieve reliability and performance. The paper discusses in simple terms some of the technical issues and loss mechanisms influencing the thruster performance in terms of its electrical efficiency. These issues include the jet losses and nozzle efficiency, Ohmic losses, frictional losses, three-dimensional effects and electrolysis inside the thruster. Furthermore, a parametric study has been performed using a developed two-dimensional model to investigate the effects of electrical end losses, the magnetic field, thruster diameter, wall roughness, flow velocity, and electrical load factor on the thruster performance. These studies show that the frictional and end losses can have strong adverse effects on the thruster performance and that the thruster efficiency increases with the strength of the magnetic field and thruster diameter and decreases with the wall roughness and the flow velocity.


A user-level scheduling along with a specific data alignment for matrix multiplication in cache-coherent Non-Uniform Memory Access (ccNUMA) architectures is presented. Addressing the data locality problem that could occur in such systems potentially alleviates memory bottlenecks. We show experimentally that an agnostic thread scheduler (e.g., OpenMP 3.1) from the data placement on a ccNUMA machine produces a high number of cache-misses. To overcome this memory contention problem, we show how proper memory mapping and scheduling manage to tune an existing matrix multiplication implementation and reduce the number of cache-misses by 67% and consequently, reduce the computation time by up to 22%. Finally, we show a relationship between cache-misses and the gained speedup as a novel figure of merit to measure the quality of the method.


DETERMINATION of the sulfobromophthalein appearance-time in bile is not a laboratory procedure but a simple clinical method. Its measurement is made by the combination of duodenal intubation with the usual intravenous injection of sulfobromophthalein (150 mg. per square meter). For this purpose, the biliary fluid is simply collected by siphonage into tubes containing a few drops of 10% sodium hydroxide solution; these tubes are shaken every minute until a reddish-violet color develops. In order that the test be reliable ( a ) the output of biliary juice must be sufficient (about 1 cc. per minute as an average), and ( b ) it must contain a detectable amount of bile. Moreover, the biliary flow can be stimulated by intraduodenal instillation of procaine hydrochloride or magnesium sulfate. In normal subjects the sulfobromophthalein appearance time ranges between 5 and 15 minutes. This test is of significant value in uncommon cases of subtotal and yet latent common


B. Smith () University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA e-mail: email@example.com Abstract As Kevin Mulligan, more than anyone else, has demonstrated, there is a distinction within the philosophy of the German-speaking world between two principal currents: of idealism or transcendentalism, characteristic of Northern Germany, on the one hand; and of realism or objectivism, characteristic of Austria and the South, on the other. We explore some of the implications of this distinction with reference to the influence of Austrian (and German) philosophy on philosophical developments in Hungary, focusing on the work of Ákos von Pauler, and especially on Pauler's reading of Wittgenstein's Tractatus.


The purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether children participating in a dual language, English and Spanish, kindergarten class for five months would exhibit differing proficiencies in concept development when tested in English and Spanish. The Brackne Basic Concept Scale-R, English and Spanish versions, was utilized to measure concept development in a single observational period. The presence of differing proficiencies when tested in the two languages would indicate a shift from the use of a minority heritage language to the dominant language of the culture evident as early as kindergarten. / This archival study involved data obtained from a school district in southwestern Kansas. Students were identified as heritage speakers of English (n=10), Spanish (n=16), or Bilingual (n=6). The results found that heritage English students scored highest when tested in English and lowest when tested in Spanish. However, their scores indicate a modest amount of gain in concept development in Spanish. Bilingual students scored similar to their English peers when tested in English and scored as well as their Spanish speaking peers when tested in Spanish. Bilingual students showed greater proficiency in English than in Spanish in concept development, indicating a shift from use of Spanish to English. The heritage Spanish speaking students scored lower in concept development than their peers in both the Spanish and English versions of the test.


Hellstén, K. 2017. Physical and psychological strain and coping resourses among chronic whiplash patients. Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Physiotherapy Master ́s thesis, 61 pp, 7 appendices. Whiplash injury occurs usually as a consequence of a motor vehicle collision when an acceleration-deceleration energy transfers to the neck. Symptoms following whiplash injury can be diverse and up to 50 % of injured experience chronic symptoms. The aims of this master ́s thesis were to examine symptoms, experienced physical and psychological strain and coping resourses among chronic whiplash patients. Year 2006 25 chronic whiplash patients classified as WAD III and their 30 healthy age and gender matched controls participated to this cross sectional study. The statistical analysis methods were nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Whiplash patients had on average 7,8 symptoms over 14 investigated symptoms. The most frequent symptoms were neck and shoulder pain (92%), headache (91%) and painful and/or restricted neck movements (88%), which were followed by cognitive problems such as memory loss (68%) and concentration difficulties (65%). The average magnitude of symptoms was moderate or severe and more detailed symptom analysis showed that those who had more than 4 symptoms experienced significantly stronger general pain. On average experienced pain and disability among whiplash patients was severe (NDI 57%), psychological distress was high (GHQ-12, 6,1) and work ability was low (NRS 3,4). Whiplash patients experienced statistically greater pain and disability (p<.001) and psychological distress (p<.001) than healthy controls and in turn healthy controls were more optimistic (p<.001) and had higher perceived competence (p<.001) and therefore are expected to be more capable of achieving their goals and solving their problems than whiplash patients. In an addition there was many correlative relationships between these factors. This master ́s thesis shows that whiplash injury has caused to these WAD III patients very diverse and difficult symptom picture. There is decline in physical and psychological wellbeing and coping resources. It indicates that chronic whiplash injury should be seen from a biopsychosocial perspective.


In the face of growing urban populations and the escalating number of vehicles on the roads, managing transportation efficiently and ensuring safety have become critical challenges. To tackle these issues, the development of intelligent control systems for vehicles is paramount. This paper presents a comprehensive study on vehicle control for collision avoidance, leveraging the power of Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning (FDRL) techniques. Our main goal is to minimize travel delays and enhance the average speed of vehicles while prioritizing safety and preserving data privacy. To accomplish this, we conducted a comparative analysis between the local model, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), and the global model, Federated Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (FDDPG), to determine their effectiveness in optimizing vehicle control for collision avoidance. The results obtained indicate that the FDDPG algorithm outperforms DDPG in terms of effectively controlling vehicles and preventing collisions. Significantly, the FDDPG-based algorithm demonstrates substantial reductions in travel delays and notable improvements in average speed compared to the DDPG algorithm.


The construction of ecological civilization not only need to learn from theoretical resources,but also requires the analysis of specific cases. As the first of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China,Mount Wutai inherited valuable wisdom of Manjusri.A symbiotic hannonious situation of various Buddhist sects is forming here.The combination of Mount Wutai's Buddhist Monju culture and Chinese traditional thinking of "the harmony between man and nature" forms its unique ecological view of nature.The ethical foundation of this view is Buddhist thinking,including the theory of origin,mercy view,etc.The Buddhism of Mount Wutai affects local eco-friendly practice through its ecological view of nature and ecological ethics, embodied in their ecological way of life,ecological mode of production,and ecological cultural education.It has an important revelation on today's ecological civilization construction.


The paper indicates the basis and purpose of the examination of bidding documents,and sums up the main contents of the construction's bidding documents according to many-year examination for the bidding documents of many projects and based on the charateristics of bidding documents,so as to regularize the bidding documents.


In the subsonic, transonic and supersonic wind tunnels, the launching test technology of the buried separators in folding rudder separator is studied. In view of the two different folding modes of the Separator rudder surface, two testing techniques are developed for the horizontal folding and vertical folding of the rudder surface, which can ensure the self locking function before and after the rudder surface is unfolded. The folding and unfolding state is not affected by the start impact of the wind tunnel and the turbulence. At the same time, the position of the rudder surface is expanded to achieve the real launch and expansion of the simulated separator. The developed dual angle of view, high brightness optical path system and six degree of freedom image analysis system can obtain the full trajectory image and aerodynamic parameters of the projectile embedded in the aircraft. The test technology can independently adjust the ejection speed and angular velocity of the release material, and can study the influence of different separation conditions on the separation safety. The non-expansion test technology of the rudder surface has completed the wind tunnel test verification under the condition of supersonic velocity and multi-body interference and complex aerodynamic force, which meets the demand of the launch and wind tunnel test research.


We have begun our study for the Automated Array Assembly Task by simultaneously evaluating present manufacturing techniques using expenses based on experience and studying basic cost factors for each step to evaluate expenses from a first-principles point of view. We are developing a formal cost accounting procedure which will be used throughout the study for cost comparisons. The first test of this procedure is a comparison of its predicted costs for array module manufacturing with costs from a study we have now completed which is based on experience factors. In this completed study, which is described in this report, we estimate a manufacturing cost for array modules of $10/W, based on present-day manufacturing techniques, expenses, and materials costs. Our analytical system to provide the input data for the cost analysis is also described. The analysis of different input sheet forms and quality has begun.


We study the leading term in the small-time asymptotics of at-the-money call option prices when the stock price process S follows a general martingale. This is equivalent to studying the first centered absolute moment of S. We show that if S has a continuous part, the leading term is of order √T in time T and depends only on the initial value of the volatility. Furthermore, the term is linear in T if and only if S is of finite variation. The leading terms for pure-jump processes with infinite variation are between these two cases; we obtain their exact form for stable-like small jumps. To derive these results, we use a natural approximation of S so that calculations are necessary only for the class of Lévy processes.


Background: The positivity ratio (PR) and reaction index (RI) characterize the ability of patch‐test preparations to produce strong (++ or +++) reactions as opposed to weak (+), questionable, or irritant reactions. Objective: This study evaluates these measures for North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) patch‐test preparations. Methods: The PR and RI were calculated for 79 NACDG standard allergens tested from 1994 to 2006 (n 5 26,479 patients). The median values were used as cutoff values for "acceptable" versus "problematic" preparations. Results: The top 10 "acceptable" patch‐test preparations (PR # 55 and RI. 0.46) were mixed dialkyl thioureas 1% in petrolatum (pet), tixocortol‐21‐pivalate 1% pet, ethylenediamine dihydrochloride 1% pet, sesquiterpene lactone mix 0.1% pet, nickel sulfate 2.5% pet, bacitracin 20% pet, thimerosal 0.1% pet, epoxy resin 1% pet, colophony 20% pet, and mercaptobenzothiazole 1% pet. The most "problematic" patch‐test preparations (PR > 55 and RI ≤ 0.46) were cocamidopropyl betaine 1% aqueous (aq), benzalkonium chloride 0.1% aq, jasmine absolute 2% pet, iodopropynyl butyl carbamate 0.1% pet, 2‐bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol 0.5% pet, methyldibromoglutaronitrile 0.4% pet, methyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol 2% pet and 2.5% pet, dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea 4.5% aq, and clobetasol‐17‐propionate 1% pet. Conclusion: Caution should be used when interpreting reactions to "problematic" patch‐test preparations with a high proportion of weak, irritant, and questionable reactions.


In the current study, complex (coconut water and ripe-banana pulp) and specific (micronutrients, peptone and activated charcoal) supplements were added to Knudson-C medium (KC) medium to stimulate the in vitro propagation of Hadrolaelia purpurata (=Laelia purpurata) and Encyclia randii orchid species. The highest number of H. purpurata seedlings occurred in KC medium containing 90 g L -1 banana pulp maintained with 24-hour illumination. Positive effects of the banana pulp addition in KC medium were reported for the formation of seedlings and leaves from E. randii seeds. The seedling number from seeds of E. randii maintained with continuous illumination was also high in KC medium containing coconut water. Positive effects due to the addition of peptone were reported only in the case of seedling formation from E. randii seeds maintained under continuous illumination. The highest number of H. purpurata seedlings and leaves of E. randii occurred in cultures maintained in continuous illumination. The successful asymbiotic germination of the three-year-old seeds of two Brazilian native species from different regions at reduced costs offers an opportunity for the use of the techniques in commercial nurseries and for ex situ conservation of the native and explored orchid species.


3519 Background: Squamous cell anal carcinoma is a rare, HPV-associated malignancy accounting for 2% of digestive system cancers. Usually these malignancies are detected early and successfully mana...


The selective thionation of α acetylamino β [4(1,2 dihydro 2 oxoquinoline)]propionic acid and its ester with phosphorus pentasulfide as a thionation reagent yielded the target compound α acetylamino β [4(1,2 dihydro 2 thioquinoline)]propionate. The structure of the new compound was studied by IR、UV、\+ 13 C NMR、GC/MS and Element analysis,and substitutional site of thionation of acetylamine was discussed.


The Seventh Amendment to the Constitution of the United States provides that individual and corporate citizens have the right to a trial by jury in all matters involving common law where a dispute involves more than twenty dollars in controversy. Despite this constitutional right, some federal and state courts have chosen to deny an individual or corporate litigant the right to a trial by jury in some cases where the court deems a matter too complicated for a jury to comprehend. In this article, the author examines the nature of the controversy relating to jury competency to decide trials with complex subject matter and the attempts by courts to address the issue. Second, he discusses the actual dimensions and effects of trial complexity upon juror decision making from a psychological point of view. Third, he examines the effects of recent jury trial innovations, including some revolutionary ideas about giving jurors more of the same tools that trial judges and arbitrators now enjoy. Finally, he explores some powerful ways for trial lawyers to help jurors understand complicated subject matter and complex situations in the cases they will decide. The author concludes that given the constitutional mandate in favor of the right to trial by jury for all individual and corporate citizens, the most practical solution for resolving the complaints about jury competency to decide complex cases is to provide jurors with the same tools for understanding the facts that trial judges and arbitrators now enjoy. The author further concludes that through the use of enhanced learning tools and improved trial advocacy skills, the satisfaction with jury performance will improve and confidence in the American trial advocacy system will increase.


Separation logic involves two dual forms of modularity: local reasoning makes part of the store invisible within a static scope, whereas hiding local state makes part of the store invisible outside a static scope. In the recent literature, both idioms are explained in terms of a higher-order frame rule. I point out that this approach to hiding local state imposes continuation-passing style, which is impractical. Instead, I introduce a higher-order anti-frame rule, which permits hiding local state in direct style. I formalize this rule in the setting of a type system, equipped with linear capabilities, for an ML-like programming language, and prove type soundness via a syntactic argument. Several applications illustrate the expressive power of the new rule.


Social Network Site (SNS) in general, attracts individuals to align themselves into specific groups according to their taste and requirements. While there are a number of SNS sites that focus on specific interests, there are others that do not. The SNSs without a main focus are often referred to as "traditional" SNSs and usually have open memberships. The use of SNS nowadays is extended to school library users and is increasingly prevalent to communicate with potential general community library users as well, apart from extending the services rendered by individual school libraries. From 2009 to 2012 the online school teenagers who used SNS, increased from 55% to 73% [Social Networks and Education 2012]. Recent studies have shown that social network services provide opportunities within professional education, curriculum education, and learning, particularly to school children (minor users). Because of this social nature, SNSs and their educational uses are of interest to many researchers. Apart from such minor users of SNS (abbreviated in the thesis as, 'Minor User Groups' of SNS or MUG), if an individual registers with a MUG, he/she begins to socialize with many children. Socialization includes possibilities of reading the profile pages of minors and also trying to contact them. Thereby data theft and viruses are on the rise (chapter II). The most prevalent danger though often involves online predators or individuals who claim to be someone that they are not.


A comparative overview of methods for topology optimization of acousticmechanical coupling problems is provided. The goal is to pave the road for developing efficient optimization schemes for the design of complex acoustic devices such as hearing aids. Topology optimization methods have gained tremendous popularity in the last decades and are now used routinely e.g. in aviation and automotive industries. Applications have spread from pure mechanics to various physics such as heat transfer, fluid mechanics, optics and acoustics. However, a major challenge exists when considering problems that involve coupling of physics through boundaries including acoustic-mechanical coupling where structural vibrations and acoustic pressure interact at the boundary. Analysis methods that require boundary tracking is difficult to combine with a traditional density-based parametrization (pixelor voxel-based design description) and a varying topology. This calls for alternative analysis and/or design parametrization schemes to be developed. A mixed finite element approach was proposed earlier, in which the pressure was introduced as an auxiliary variable. This allowed the element physics to be interpolated between acoustics and structural vibrations with use of standard design parametrization. Another approach was proposed using a level-set design parametrization. Here, a level-set function explicitly separates the physical domains and facilitates the boundary coupling formulation. In this work we compare variants of two mentioned formulations as well as a newly proposed scheme based on acoustic and mechanical computations on fictitious domains and globally assembled coupling without explicit boundary tracking.


on Tagore. To a discerning reader the profound contribution of Tagore to the cause of humanising values would be evident in the work of Mohit Chakrabarti. By contrast, Aronson's work is largely an example of what culturally alien minds, caught in the muddy cross-currents of the instant, can miss what they cannot comprehend at all and can distort what they grasp only partially, in the multidimensional creative genius of Tagore.


An Employee Self Service System (ESSS) has been designed and implemented using Microsoft Visual C++ and Microsoft Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM). The ESSS is a real time, three-tier (presentation, application, and data), distributed application capable of running on a configurable number of personal computers. It allows users to view, change, and update their employment-related information, such as personal information, benefit selections, and retirement contributions. To support data efficiency, the database is fully controlled by the data-tier. To support network efficiency, data storage is provided by the application-tier for the frequently requested data. To support user efficiency, the users are provided with a single-window user interface that covers all the functions needed to perform a user task. An in-depth description of DCOM technology is also provided with this report.


The manufacturing industry has gradually developed from mass production to personalized customization, which requires a highly flexible robotic automated production line in manufacturing to deal with rapid retrofits of products. Industrial robots need to be taught the steps of completing tasks when dealing with new tasks. At present, the traditional robot teaching reproduction has many disadvantages, such as the complicated teaching system, the high cost, the waste of time, and the special training that operators need. In view of the above situation, a kind of teaching-playback based on machine vision and human hand demonstration was proposed in this paper. The position and orientation of the human fingertip during the execution of the mission were obtained by the Kinect sensor, and the pose information was transformed into the robot base coordinate system by coordinate transformation. The coordinate information was then transmit to the robot to enable the robot to quickly grab and place the target object. The feasibility and effectiveness of the teaching-playback system were proved by the experiment of picking and placing cylindrical workpiece.


Background: Obese adolescents is a worldwide public health issue that increases the risk of illnesses. It is critical for treatments to understand context-specific hazards. Objectives: Evaluate the impact of dietary pattern on risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and dyslipidemia in apparently healthy adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 subjects (250 males and 350 females), aged between 13 and 17 years. They were 300 obese and 300 with normal weight. Dietary consumption was divided into quintiles. Dyslipidemia was found in 60% of cases and MS in 40%. Results: Adolescents in the highest quintiles (Q5) showed significantly higher consumption of carbohydrates, sugar, fats, sweat snakes, high intake of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and body fat %. Odd ratios showed that risk factors for metabolic syndrome components were unhealthy dietary habit, sedentary life, the presence of obesity and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: inadequate dietary habits, sedentary behavior are important risk factors related to MS and dyslipidemia and obesity among Egyptian adolescents.


Goat keeping has been a traditional activity in India and primary source of livelihood of people below poverty line. The total goat population in India was 123 million during 2003. There are 20 recognized goat breeds in India of varying potential producing meat, milk and fibre. Black Bengal, Barbari, Osmanabadi and Kannaiadu goat breeds are of high repute for meat quality and production. Jamunapari, Beetal, Jakhrana and Surti for milk, and Changthangi, Chegu and Gaddi for fibre/pashmina. The goat research was mostly conducted at institutional or organized farms under challenge feeding with small population size involving few breeds. However, improvement programmes for important goat breeds of various climatic zones of India was initiated during Fifth Five Year Plan in a planned manner under AICRP on goat. The main objective of this project was to improve meat, milk and fibre potential of native goat breeds through crossbreeding with exotic goats as well as through selective breeding. The crossbreeding with exotic breeds was discontinued due to poor reproductive performance and high mortality rate in higher grade crosses. Subsequently, the AICRP project was modified (8th and 9th Plan) with the aim to improve the production potential of native breeds through selective breeding in their respective home tract. The results accrued from this project are encouraging and improvement was recorded in meat and milk production (Barbari, Jamunapari, Sirohi, Black Bengal, Sangamneri etc.). Field studies conducted on Jakhrana, Zalawadi, Barbari, Black Bengal and Osmanabadi indicated that goats are primarly being raised under extensive management system. Lack of high potential and true to breed bucks is major threat for the dilution and low production. The research experiences on goats suggested that superior germ plasm in the farmer's flock may be identified and distributed for further improvement. Crossbreeding of native goats with exotic breeds is not suitable in Indian conditions. Selective breeding should be strictly practiced for improvement in meat, milk and fibre production. Up gradation of non-descript goats with improver breeds (Beetal, Jakhrana, Jamunapari and Barbari etc.) may be practiced under field conditions.


Abstract This paper presents a hybrid wavelet-fuzzy-based multi-resolution (MR) controller for robust speed control of induction motor. In the proposed wavelet-fuzzy-based MR controller, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to decompose the error between the actual speed and set speed in to different frequency components. A self-tuning fuzzy logic is used for online tuning of the controller parameters. The proposed controller has the ability of meeting the speed tracking requirements in the closed loop system. The complete field oriented control scheme incorporating the proposed wavelet-fuzzy-based MR controller is investigated theoretically and simulated under various dynamic operating conditions. Simulation results are compared with that of standard proportional-integral controller, proportional-integral-derivative controller, fuzzy controller and neuro-wavelet controller. Simulation results validates that the proposed hybrid wavelet-fuzzy-based MR controller is robust and is more suitable for high performance applications.


This paper studied the development's characteristics and the reformation's experience about the course contents system of 《Teaching and Learning Theory of Chemistry》 in higher teachers education and analysed the written characteristics of some typical teaching materials, and brought up the problem worthy of studying.


Bilingual teaching is an important attempt to teaching reform of China's higher education in the context of economic globalization, and also an important goal for culturing international and innovative talents. Under such new situation, colleges shall further enhance the awareness about the necessity of bilingual teaching on undergraduate students, make clear the nature, purpose and mission of bilingual teaching, strengthen and improve the systematic study of bilingual teaching mode, and effectively improve the quality and talent training of bilingual teaching, so that bilingual teaching can be continuously explore and improved during the practice of course formation. Bilingual teaching is an important attempt to teaching reform of China's colleges in the context of economic globalization. With the rapid development of economic globalization, China's higher education has been gradually shifting from elite education to mass education, and also to international trend. The culturing of international and innovative talents has become one important goal of higher education, because it may affect national prosperity and national cultural renaissance. Bilingual education as a means of teaching the micro level, and to achieve this goal are closely linked. Bilingual teaching, as a micro teaching, has a direct link to this goal. I. Bilingual teaching for college undergraduates has made substantial achievements Ministry of Education (MOE) pays much attention on bilingual teaching in colleges and universities. In 2001 the Ministry of Education issued "Opinions on Strengthening Undergraduate Education to Improve the Quality of Teaching", which proposes the requirement that "undergraduate education shall create conditions for teaching open courses and specialized courses in English and other foreign languages". In 2002 for the first time, the Ministry of Education defined bilingual education as: foreign language teaching materials are used and lessons taken in foreign language accounts for more than 50% of the whole course hours. In 2007 the Ministry of Education issued the "Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of Undergraduate Teaching to Comprehensively Improve the Quality of Teaching", which also made it clear on "promoting bilingual teaching courses and exploring effective teaching methods and modes, to effectively improve college students' English level and ability to directly use English in scientific research". In recent years, to implement the MOE' deployment and comments regarding the bilingual teaching in colleges, bilingual teaching has been generally carried out in colleges all over the country, and exploration about bilingual teaching has been conducted in many disciplines, particularly the teaching for college undergraduates, gaining some teaching experience and some substantial results. We can see the following advantages of bilingual teaching: (1) Bilingual teaching improves students' professional skills by helping them learn technical terms of their own fields and improve their ability to retrieve and read professional articles. (2) Bilingual teaching creates an English atmosphere for students. (3) Bilingual 3rd International Conference on Science and Social Research (ICSSR 2014) © 2014. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 118 teaching raises students' overall quality by helping them broaden their international perspective and establish a sense of international exchange. (4) A team of bilingual teachers with a master's degree or overseas experience is initially formed, laying the foundation for bilingual teaching of colleges. II. Main problems for current bilingual teaching mode Although bilingual teaching has been carried out in colleges since nearly a decade ago, there are still some practical problems, mainly in the following areas: 1. Students have poor master of English, especially in listening and speaking ability. Students find it difficult to understand and exchange with teachers during the class, leading to low learning efficiency and heavy burden. Students all think their incompetence in bilingual courses as the biggest problem, but the higher the grade they are, the less restriction from English they will face. 2. Curriculum system is not perfect. Relatively simple types of bilingual teaching courses and nonsystematic bilingual teaching are great barriers to raise students' professional and cultural quality in the talent culturing process. Meanwhile, the lack of college application and practice courses is not conducive to the training of compound talents, unable to meet the requirements for personnel under the trend of economic globalization. 3. Teaching methods are not advanced enough. Traditional teaching and testing methods constrain bilingual teaching, and hinder students to take the initiative. Students' course grade is still tested by exam papers, and as an inevitable result, teachers simply teach by reading through teaching material, while students have to learn by rote, lack of opportunities to use their brains and innovation ability. 4. The lack of bilingual teaching faculty is a great problem in bilingual teaching. Such problem is caused by severe requirements for teachers by bilingual courses, including pronunciation, fluency, expertise level, etc., which are not met by the current bilingual teachers. 5. Unified teaching standards, specifications and specific requirements have not been formed. Also, there are not enough systematic research and standard system for teaching evaluation, curriculum assessment and monitoring about bilingual teaching. III. Problems to be solved for further strengthening research on bilingual teaching modes Bilingual teaching is an important task of higher education when cultivating innovative talents for the future world. As a large country of education, China currently has more than 1,100 undergraduate colleges. Therefore, the research on bilingual teaching for university undergraduates will help promote systematic research on bilingual teaching mode of nationwide universities, so that bilingual teaching can be continuously explored and improved in practice of curriculum construction. (a) Raise the understanding about necessity of bilingual teaching English is the most important international language, but many of our students after ten years of learning English cannot read books English, even not hear or speak English, difficult to directly communicate with foreigners. Therefore, the most direct and most important starting point of bilingual teaching is to improve students' English proficiency and develop their potential in the professional field, thus train talents with international competitiveness and vision. In China, the meaning of bilingual teaching is generally known that teachers give classes by mainly using a foreign language (currently mostly English) rather than Chinese. It requires teachers to teach with correct and fluent English, but not to absolutely exclude the Chinese to avoid students' thinking lag due to language barriers. (b) Make clear the nature, purpose and mission of bilingual teaching Bilingual teaching is the basic lesson of a particular professional discipline in colleges. The purpose of the course: on the basis of the existing English level, students can be familiar with and master the common expressions of their own masters through reading relevant English literature. On the one hand, students shall raise their reading and translation capabilities, especially ability to read and translate English literature of their own masters correctly and quickly; On the other hand, students shall improve


Abstract : This report summarizes the main findings and recommendations of reports published by the Defense Science Board for the Secretary of Defense during the last dozen years. The purpose of this effort is to aid the incoming Administration to make a fast start in addressing pressing national security issues and opportunities. While the topics that have been addressed span a wide range, seven major themes dominated the Board's considerations: protecting the homeland; deterring the use of nuclear weapons; preparing for gray zone conflicts; maintaining information superiority; anticipating intelligent systems and autonomy; supporting stabilization, reconstruction, peacekeeping, and nation building; preparing for surprise.


Soil-relief relationships, together with information on parent material, have guided soil surveys all over the world. Such contributions can be seen in soil mapping carried out by the Agronomic Institute of Campinas in the State of Sao Paulo (Southeastern Brazil), whose products are in fact true morphopedological maps. In this context, the aim of this research is to present the interactions among soils, landforms, and parent materials in the Pau D'Alho Structural High located in the Parana Sedimentary Basin in the State of Sao Paulo, region in which sandstones, diabase and siltstones are dominant parent materials. To reach this objective, a morphological map was prepared by means of photointerpretation (1:25,000 scale). In addition, field work was carried out to check the geomorphological information, to describe soil profiles, and to collect soil samples for grain-size and chemical analysis. The results indicate that chernozemic A Lithic and Leptic Leptosols, and Inceptisols cover the steepest slopes of ridges and hills. Ultisols and Oxisols (Kandic) occur on top of these geomorphological features. Soil variations are controlled by lithological (parent material) changes. Ultisols, Oxisols (Kandic), and Entisol Quartzipsamments predominate in the hilly landscape supported by sandstones and siltstones. Entisols Aquent and Fluvent are related to colluvial and fluvial deposits occurring in floodplains and wide open valleys of the main streams. This scenario results from the relationships among landforms, parent material, and the pedological cover in the study area. However, these results also point to open issues about the shallow soils covering very gentle surfaces, the influence of Neotectonics on soil development, the origin of closed depressions, and the parent material of the Entisol Quartzipsamments.


The nectarine is an important fruit, which is attacked by Drosophila suzukii in Europe and the United States but there are no reports of it attacking nectarines in China. Here, we determined the oviposition preference of D. suzukii six on intact and sliced nectarine varieties in China and how physical and physiological indexes of the fruit correlate with these preferences. D. suzukii were allowed to oviposit on two early–, two middle– and two late–maturing varieties of nectarine—Shuguang and Chunguang, Fengguang and Zhong you 4, Zhong you 7 and Zhong you 8, respectively and the number of larvae also followed the order. The firmness, soluble solids content and the nutritional components of the amino acid, protein, soluble sugar and pectin contents of each variety were measured. D. suzukii preferred the early Shuguang variety, followed by the early Chunguang variety and then the middle Zhong you 4 and Fengguang varieties. Taken together, results show that D. suzukii shows preferences for earlier rather than later varieties of nectarines in China and that these preferences are related to the fruit's physical and physiological traits. Results suggest that mixed cultivation of early–, middle– and late–maturing nectarine varieties should be avoided in order to prevent fly dispersal and infestation by D. suzukii.


From the 1960s through the 1970s, as Europe and North America ushered in an era of large-scale mass production and consumption, a revived postwar Japan lived through a period that prioritised economic and scientific advancement while hosting various international events such as the Tokyo Olympics and the Osaka World Expo. Naturally, the year 1968, which saw an international uprising of student movements all over the world, was of particular note in the political and social circumstances of the time. Looking back on the contemporary art of the period, it is evident that a reassessment of non-material values in a variety of forms was being carried out. The misgivings of young people directed against existing values and structures and systems, and their outright rejection of these things, were clearly reflected in the values of art as well.


An extended approach which adapts the VirtualFlux Decoupling Hysteresis Control initially employed for the conventional two-level VSI to a three-level NPC inverter is proposed in this paper. To extract the benefits of this topology, namely low output harmonic distortion and lower switches blocking voltage, the classical single-band hysteresis strategy must be modified and the balance of the mid-point potential have to be guaranteed. The mid-point voltage is controlled by influencing the zero sequence current generated in the decoupling loop. The method is adapted to be used with an LCL output filter, where some undesirable characteristics, such as filter resonance, have to be compensated. Theoretical analysis is presented and the performance of the proposed method is verified by simulation.


We investigate high-power terahertz (THz) generation in two-color laser filamentation using terawatt (TW) lasers including a 0.5 TW, 1 kHz system, as well as 2 and 30 TW systems both operating at 10 Hz. With these lasers, we study the macroscopic effect in filamentation that governs THz output energy yields and radiation profiles in the far field. We also characterize the radiation spectra at a broad range of frequencies covering radio–micro-waves to infrared frequencies. In particular, our 1 kHz THz source can provide high-energy (>1 μJ), high average power (>1 mW), intense (>1 MV cm−1) and broadband (0.01–60 THz) THz radiation via two-color filamentation in air. Based on our scaling law, an ∼30 TW laser can produce >0.1 mJ of THz radiation with multi-gigawatt peak power in ∼1.5 m long filamentation.


The article offers results of the theoretical study of the social mechanism of transformation processes. The concept and scientific category, introduced in the Russian sociological knowledge by T.I. Zaslavskaya, are further developed in a theoretical scheme of the mechanism of transformation of the social institution of higher education.


The paper deals with the imagination of the homeland, based on the modernistic recontextualization of the mythical-folklore pattern, in Momcilo Nastasijević's short stories collection Hronika moje varoši and in Vidosav Stevanović's novel Nišči. The aim of the paper is to point out the mythopoetic meanings of toponyms and microtoponyms, which form a fictional map of "impure" localities of the homeland, onto- logically autonomous in relation to the real world and imbued with special semantic layers. Considering that the space is inextricably permeated with faces and events in the analyzed literary works, the paper also deals with the relationship between spatial charac- teristics and mental, moral, biological weaknesses of the locals, due to which an aura of "evil fate" is created over the homeland.


Establishing an optimal operation model of water resources is a crucial mean to promote the social and economic development in the Jiaodong area, where water resources are seriously deficient. Constraints of the optimal operation model mainly include water balance constraint, discharge capacity constraint, and constraint on the full utilization of operating water. For water transfer projects that have been in operation for decades, the parameters of these constraints, such as Discharge Capacity (DC), Water Conveyance Efficiency (WCE), Evapotranspiration (E), and Water Supply Volume (WSV), have changed from their original design values, which in turn affect the results of the operation model. In order to address the uncertainties caused by corresponding parameters, according to the characteristics of each parameter, an Interval-Chance Constrained Programming (ICCP) model for the Jiaodong Water Transfer Project was proposed. Interval Programming (IP) and Chance-Constrained Programming (CCP) were used to optimize the parameters of constraints involving WCE, DC, E, and WSV. Then, the Sobol method was used to analyze the sensitivity of each parameter to the operating objective function. The results reveal that (1) total water shortage ratio decreased by [14.82%, 17.26%], [14.81%, 17.25%], and [14.82%, 17.26%], respectively, under the incoming water condition of 50%, 75%, and 95%, indicating that ICCP model can adequately consider complex uncertainties and effectively alleviate water shortage; (2) WCE and DC are important parameters for optimal operation model of water resources, and therefore, channels should be regularly maintained to ensure that WCE and DC would not reduce; (3) Decision variables in this study are in the form of intervals, which are more reasonable because they provide more decision-making options to managers.


Recent years have seen a major increase of interest in pain control cost studies. Due to rising costs of medical treatment, researchers study factors contributing to cost and appropriate ways to control or reduce the cost of pain control. The first data studied in this research is longitudinal data with cost values completely missing. We fill in the daily cost for minority observations based on the information provided by the price data, and then impute the daily cost for the remaining observations by applying multiple imputation. Multiple sets of complete imputed daily cost data are produced. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model, is then applied to conduct analysis on each set of data, producing multiple analysis results. The correlation between observations within patients is presented in an AR-1 working correlation structure. The correlation becomes weak with the increase of time lag. Combining six sets of the GEE model results is sufficient to produce an overall result. Two factors, treatment year and types of treatment, are significant to the average daily cost. Overall, it costs the highest for patients in treatment 3, taking mono-drug, dual-drug or triple-drug.


Legal philosophers like Montesquieu, Hegel and Tocqueville have argued that lay participation in judicial decision-making would have benefits reaching far beyond the realm of the legal system narrowly understood. From an economic point of view, lay participation in judicial decision-making can be interpreted as a renunciation of an additional division of labor, which is expected to cause foregone benefits in terms of the costs as well as the quality of judicial decision-making. In order to be justified, these foregone benefits need to be overcompensated by other – actually realized – benefits of at least the same magnitude. This paper discusses pros and cons of lay participation, presents a new database and tests some of the theoretically derived hypotheses empirically. The effects of lay participation on the judicial system, a number of governance variables but also on economic performance indicators are rather modest. A proxy representing historic experiences with any kind of lay participation is the single most robust variable.


On 31 October 2007, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (the "Tribunal" or "ICTY") rendered its Judgement on the Appeal filed by Dragan Zelenović in the case Prosecutor v. Dragan Zelenović, affirming the Trial Chamber sentence of 15 years' imprisonment. This case focused on the crimes committed in the municipality of Foča, in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) after the Bosnian-Serb forces attacked the municipality in April 1992. It was the last case before the Tribunal concerned with the atrocities perpetrated in Foča to reach a verdict. Some of these cases have been tried before the Tribunal whereas some others have been referred to the authorities of BiH and then to the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the "Court of BiH").


We describe particle production in the framework of an independent string model: the dual parton model. We show that an improved version of this model, containing a diquark breaking component, allows to describe the bulk of particle production and, in particular, baryon stopping and most of the observed enhancement of strange baryons. Only for very rare processes, such as $\Omega$ or $J/\psi$ production, the model has to be supplemented with final state interaction (comovers interaction). Recent data on event-by-event fluctuations in $p_{T}$ are also described by the model. Predictions for RHIC and LHC are presented and the effect of nuclear shadowing is discussed.


Goal of the review: to review theoretical and practical aspects of using exogenous phosphocreatine in the patients with cardio-vascular disorders in various clinical situations, given that phospho-transporting system disorders are the one of pathogenic elements responsible for reduction of cardiac pumping ability.


Abstract Confidence intervals for estimates of human mtDNA sequence diversity, chimpanzee-human mtDNA sequence divergence, and the time of splitting of the pongid-hominid lineages are presented. Consistent with all the data used in estimating the coalescence time for human mitochondrial lineages to a common ancestral mitochondrion is a range of dates from less than 79,000 years ago to more than 1,139,000 years ago. Consequently, the hypothesis that a migration of modern humans (Homo sapiens) out of Africa in the range of 140,000 to 280,000 years ago resulted in the complete replacement, without genetic interchange, of earlier Eurasian hominid populations (Homo erectus) is but one of several possible interpretations of the mtDNA data. The data are also compatible with the hypothesis, suggested earlier and supported by fossil evidence, of a single, more ancient expansion of the range of Homo erectus from Africa, followed by a gradual transition to Homo sapiens in Europe, Asia, and Africa.


Increased accuracy of measurement of VHF-UHF field strength may be obtained by improveing the impedance match of the antenna-balun assembly and by taking into account the measured gain of the antenna system, rather than by relying on the assumption that the antenna performance approximates that of the idealized half-wave dipole. The latter assumption appears to be the basis of present practice. Although the standard field method of calibration is theoretically available as an over-all calibration procedure, the present types of instruments depart from ideal in a manner so complex with respect to frequency that it becomes a prohibitive task to make detailed periodic calibrations by the standard field method, aside from the difficulties in the technique of the standard field method itself. A simple form of the reciprocity method is shown for measurement of the effective gain of the antenna-balun assembly under essentially free-space conditions. It is argued that the calibration of field strength meters should be carried out under conditions equivalent to free space.


Abstract
 This chapter presents and describes the different ways in which an animal can learn and these includes the motor, complex, cultural, non-associative, and associative learning.


Infection is the most common pathology resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in humans. Disturbances of the cell interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells are an integral part of the pathophysiology of E.coli-sepsis. Although neutrophil elastase (NE) is required for the destruction of gram negative bacteria, dysregulated NE activity towards coagulation factors may contribute to the coagulopathies that accompany infections if its activity is not properly regulated by alpha-1-protease inhibitor (A1PI). The temporal relationships between these variables were studied in plasma samples from three baboons before and after infusion of either two sublethal doses (2.50x10 6 cfu/kg and 1.10x10 8 cfu/kg) or a lethal dose (6.50x10 8 cfu/kg) of E.coli. In comparison to pre-infusion levels, the A1PI/NE complex levels increased by up to 17-fold after 2hrs and remained 6-fold above baseline after 53hrs as the amount of E.coli was increased. In contrast, the A1PI activity and specific activity both decreased by up to 30% during the 2–6hrs following the lethal dose of E.coli. Large transient decreases, of between 60–96%, in the factor V and VIII activity and fibrinogen levels occurred only during the 2–6hrs following infusion of the lethal dose. In addition, there was a 70–80% decrease in the factor II, VII, IX, and X clotting activity after 6–24hrs as the dose of E.coli was increased. In conclusion, there is a temporal association between the changes in A1PI activity, the appearance of the A1PI/NE complex, and the decrease of coagulation factor activity during E.coli-sepsis in baboons. Further, the sustained elevation of the A1PI/NE complexes beyond 48hrs, even after sublethal challenge with E.coli, indicates that a persistent increase in the neutrophil activity occurs as part of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection in this animal model. This study demonstrates that the neutrophil/endothelial interaction continues far beyond the first margination stage into the second ischemia/reperfusion stage during E.coli-sepsis. The results raise the possibility that clotting factor degradation/inactivation by NE as well as consumption via the coagulation cascade occurs following infusion of sublethal and lethal doses of E.coli.


Methods of breeding and manipulating Aedes aegypti are described. Experiments on length of life were carried out with 534 mosquitos under eleven sets of conditions of atmospheric temperature and humidity. Also, 379 females were given an opportunity to suck blood under 11 sets of conditions. The following conclusions were reached :— 1. The length of life of starved mosquitos at 23°C. is very much dependent on humidity, but it cannot be directly related to saturation deficiency. 2. In these experiments there is no significant difference between the mean survivals of males and females, the former being generally longer. 3. The survival periods of fed and unfed females have a similar relation to humidity, the fed ones surviving the conditions for a longer period, irrespective of the date of feeding. 4. The effect of a change of temperature of 7°C. on the survival at 23°C. and 30°C. is much less than would be expected when the long survival period at 10°C. is considered. 5. In the absence of any efficient physiological adaptation for retarding loss of water, the females, possibly for this reason, seek a blood meal mainly in saturated air at the temperature of maximum activity.


The nature of so called global Pc5 pulsations is studied. The event with global Pc5 pulsations generated by quasi-periodi c fluctuations of the solar wind dynamic pressure on 31 October 2003 is considered in detail. According to the ground magnetometer data Pc5 pulsations are observed both in the morning and afternoon MLT sectors. The physical mechanism of global Pc5 is supposed to be different from one of the ordinary Pc5 pulsations associated with the shear Alfven oscillations of magnetic flux tubes. We also used the EISCAT radar data from the tri-static Tromso-Kiruna-Sodankyla system allowing to calculate vectors of the F-region ionospheric plasma flow and electric field. The Pc5 frequency band pulsations are clearly seen in the variations of the Hall and Pedersen ionosphere conductivity, ionosphere plasma density, electron and ion temperatures, and the ionospheric electric field. For the time intervals when the Pc5 pulsations are observed on ground, hodographs of the ionospheric electric and ground magnetic fields have been compared. The angle between polarization axis of the electric and magnetic fields may show whether the pulsations are related to the Alfven mode or the magnetosonic wave. From these considerations we conclude that the morning and afternoon Pc5 pulsations are predominantly Alfven waves. These observations do not agrees with the statistical studies by Rostoker and Sallivan (1987) and Liu et al. (2009), who have shown that the morning Pc5 pulsations are caused mainly by the Alfven waves, whereas the afternoon Pc5 pulsations are mainly magnetosonic waves generated by the impulses of the solar wind dynamic pressure.


Most existing scheduling algorithms for real-time traffic in code division multiple access (CDMA) networks bound the bit error rate (BER) in order to guarantee the packet error rate (PER) of each packet However, there is a tradeoff between PER and the packet drop rate (PDR) caused by delay violations, i.e., by slightly degrading the PER, more packets can be sent thus lowering PDIR. This paper defines a new problem for scheduling real-time traffic in time division multicode CDMA networks, which optimizes the PER and PDR jointly across the physical and link layers. These two metrics make up the total packet loss ratio (PLR). A novel cross-layer enhanced real-time packet scheduling algorithm is proposed to optimize the PLR experienced by each user in each frame, and distribute it fairly between users over the long term. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides fairness in packet losses among users of different traffic classes, and achieves superior performance over previous algorithms in reducing PLR and increasing system capacity


In the data processing of quantified time signal, traditional encoding method in high frequency is faced with the problem of high Bit Error Rate (BER) affecting the data's quantitative accuracy. This paper presents BER mechanism analytical model according to the analysis of the causes of bit error, which takes both data latch and delay mismatch effects of different state pattern into consideration. And the analysis of same frequency coding mode with low BER is put forward based on the comparison of the binary and Gray coding method. The circuit and layout designs of Time to Digital Converter (TDC) with same frequency coding mode are implemented in TSMC 0.35μm CMOS process. The test results of the Multi Project Wafer (MPW) chip show that BER of the same frequency coding mode is effectively reduced compared with traditional encoding modes under the same conditions.


BACKGROUND
Lipid biomarkers have potential neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) and there is limited evidence in the field.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the association between comprehensive blood lipid biomarkers and PD.

METHODS
A total of 205 PD patients and 102 non-PD subjects were included from Early Parkinson's disease Longitudinal Singapore (PALS) cohort. We investigated 6 serum lipid biomarkers including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). PD patients were further classified into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition (NC) subgroups. We conducted a cross-sectionals study to examine the association between lipids and PD and further explored the relationship between lipids and PD-MCI.

RESULTS
PD patients had significantly lower level of lipid panel including TC, TG, HDL-C, Apo A1, LDL-C, and Apo B (all p <  0.05). TC, TG, Apo A1, and Apo B levels were independent protective factors (p <  0.05) for PD in the logistic regression model. PD-MCI group had significantly higher mean TC, TG, and Apo A1 levels compared to PD-NC group. Higher TC, TG, and Apo A1 levels were independent risk factors (p <  0.05) for PD-MCI.

CONCLUSION
We demonstrated that PD patients had significantly lower levels of lipid biomarkers while PD-MCI patients had higher levels of TC, TG, and Apo A1. TC, TG, and Apo A1 may be useful biomarkers for PD-MCI.