Dr. Pavel Anzenbacher Jr., Advisor Chemical sensing platforms that can sensitively, rapidly and accurately detect specific chemical species in various operating media are of great importance, especially in complex aqueous environments. Chemical sensor array coupled with chemometrics methods provide an impressive option for high performance chemical sensing. The efforts of this dissertation focus on the application of fluorimetric sensors array in ions detection in complex aqueous media. This dissertation first presents the various signal transduction mechanisms that involve in optical chemosensor design. The sensing elements are created by embedding chemosensors into polymer matrix, then they are arrayed in microtiter plate containing multiple wells. The chemometrics methods used for analyzing the multivariate signal arising from the sensor array are introduced in detail. In the part of practical application of sensors array. The first work aims to detect ions in water by a simple sensors array contains six off-the shelf chemosensors. It turns out that the sensors array is able to recognize cations, anions and ion-pairs with recognition efficiency (6:35) and higher than 93% classification accuracy in water at a wide range of pH (5-9). Such a high discrimination capacity was generally achieved only with structurally complex chemical sensors. The second work presents a fluorescent sensor array containing eight hydrogen-bonding based chemosensors capable of qualitative and quantitative detecting fourteen carboxylic drugs in water and human urine. PCA and LDA are employed to optimize the size of sensors array. It shows that a simple sensors array containing S5 and S8 can achieve 100% classification in water, and another sensors array containing S5 and S7 can achieve 100% classification in human urine.


The initial stages of GaAs films on porous Si grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been investigated using reflection high-energy electron diffraction and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. We found that the surface morphology of porous Si layers was deteriorated by annealing both with and without arsenic exposure, resulting in highly microfaceted surfaces and causing large-size island formation at the initial stages of MBE growth. Such deterioration is considered to introduce numerous defects in GaAs/porous Si interfaces.


This analytic observational study aim was to find correlation between length of treatment of typhoid fever patients and type of Salmonella typhi strain that are Non MDR and MDR in the period of 2012–2015 at dr. Soetomo Hospital. This research using cohort retrospective design using secondary data from medical record. The sample were 30 case non-MDR Salmonella typhi and 30 case MDR Salmonella typhi. Laboratory result were compiled from Clinical Microbiology Installation while length of treatment data were compiled from Medical Record Unit at dr. Soetomo Hospital. Most typhoid patient in dr. Sutomo hospital were under 12 years old (53,3%) and male sex (55%). The patients with MDR typhoid fever have hospitalized duration longer than non MDR typhoid. 83.3% of MDR typhoid patients hospitalized duration were 7–14 days, 10% 14 days. 63.3% non-MDR typhoid patients hospitalized duration were < 7 days, and 36.7% in 7–14 days. Cross tabulation analysis showed significant different in patient age (p value = 0 ,008 ), hospitalized duration (p value = 0,000) between the two groups. It could be concluded that hospitalized duration of typhoid fever patients have correlations with the type of Salmonella typhi strain non-MDR or MDR


Prostate cancer (CaP) progression from an androgen‐dependent to an androgen‐independent state is associated with overexpression of EGFR family members or activation of their downstream signaling pathways, such as PI3K‐Akt and MAPK. Although there are data implicating PI3K‐Akt or MAPK pathway activation with resistance to EGFR inhibitors in CaP, the potential cross‐talk between these pathways in response to EGFR or MAPK inhibitors remains to be examined.


s of Members' Proffered Papers Oral Presentations The use of megace in advanced breast cancer J.R.F. Robertson, M.R. Williams, D.A.L. Morgan, R.I. Nicholson & R.W. Blamey Department of Surgery, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. We have treated 163 patients with megestrol acetate (megace, Bristol-Myers) assessable for response at 6 months by UICC criteria. They were also assessable for response to prior tamoxifen therapy. Response and static patients have been grouped together as stable disease. For patients receiving megace as second line therapy, stable disease on tamoxifen was a good predictor of response to megace. Sixty out of 97 patients (62%) stable on tamoxifen were subsequently stable on megace. Only 11 out of 66 patients (17%) who had progressed on tamoxifen were stable on megace. ER status and concentration, available from the primary tumour in 93 patients, was a good predictor of response to tamoxifen as first line therapy. Response to second line megace was predicted better by previous response to tamoxifen than by ER status: *Enquiries to the ACP Secretariat, Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute, Manchester M20 9BX, UK. tFor Abstracts, see pp. 223-254 this issue. Reprints of these abstracts are not available Ed. Mitozantrone as a single agent in advanced breast cancer J.F.R. Robertson, M.R. Williams, D.A.L. Morgan & R.W. Blamey Department of Surgery, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. The treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer is palliative rather than curative. In treating patients with chemotherapy, clinicians have to carefully weigh the benefits against the side effects. We have treated 76 patients with single agent mitozantrone with an overall objective response rate at 6 months of 15%. A further 22% had static disease for a minimum period of 6 months. Side effects were acceptable. All 76 patients had received at least one hormonal therapy and 30 patients had previously received ifosfamide. Previous ifosfamide therapy gave no indication whether an individual patient would respond to mitozantrone. Adriamycin as a single chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of advanced breast cancer has a reported response rate between 38-50%. The rate of response for mitozantrone ranges from 4-44% with a reported mean of 17% (Leyden et al., Aust. N.Z. J. Surg., 54, 21, 1984). Our response rate lies at the lower end of this range, although with less side effects than adriamycin at standard dose. Br. J. Cancer (1988), 58, 255-277 256 THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF CANCER PHYSICIANS Doxorubicin concentrations in breast tumours, compared with concentrations in normal breast tissue from patients undergoing mastectomy S. Stallard1, J.G. Morrison', W.D. George2 & S.B. Kaye' Departments of 1Medical Oncology and 2Surgery, University


Liver disease has a worldwide distribution.(1,2) Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma in most parts of the world. In the developing countries of Asia and Africa, though hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease, HCV is fast evolving as an equally important infection among these populations. (3) Chronic liver disease (CLD) results from an inflammatory injury to the liver, which has persisted for six or more months without complete resolution. CLD comprises of a spectrum of disease such as chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and HCC. (4) About 1-2 million people die annually from HBV-related acute and chronic liver diseases worldwide. (5) The estimated hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence ranges between 0.1%-20% in different parts of the world. (6) The prevalence of HCV infection worldwide has been estimated to be about 3% with 170 million people affected by HCV.(7) Approximately 7% of the world's population (350 million people) are infected with HBV and 3% (170 million people) with HCV.(8) The majority of those with chronic HBV and/or HCV infection will develop complications i.e. 15%-40% may develop cirrhosis, liver failure and or hepatocellular carcinoma.(9) The exact number of patients infected with both HCV and HBV worldwide is unknown. (10) It has been estimated that over the next 20 years, the proportion of HBV/HCV infected patients with cirrhosis will increase from 16% Introduction Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are common among patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Co-infection with the two viruses is not uncommon, especially among people at high risk for parenteral infection and in areas with a high prevalence of HBV infection. To determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C virus among chronic liver disease patients and to know the co-infection of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in chronic liver disease patients. The study was conducted on 50 clinically diagnosed chronic liver disease patients. Serum was screened for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies using qualitative immune chromatographic method. Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in 13 (26%) and anti-HCV antibody 9 (18%) patients clinically diagnosed to have chronic liver diseases. Hepatitis B virus infection was higher in males 10/37 (27.03%) compared to 3/13 (23.08%) females, whereas, anti-hepatitis C virus antibody was higher in males 7/37 (18.92%) compared to 2/13 (15.39%) females. Of the study participants, no dual hepatitis B and C virus co-infection was found. To prevent the spread of HBV and HCV, people must be educated about these infections and their mode of transmission. All clinically diagnosed patients should be tested for HBV and HCV serostatus to prevent the mortality and morbidity.


In this work, localized surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic (LSPR-FO) sensor utilizing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with different sizes is theoretically constructed and analyzed. Three layers (fiber core, Au NPs, and the Analyte) configuration designed by using the matrix method. Performance parameters such as sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, the figure of merit, and resolution of the sensor are evaluated for each size of Au NPs. As a result, sensitivity and resolution exhibit no change with Au NPs size change while the signal to noise ratio and figure of merit decrease as Au NPs size increase. This work shows that the optimized LSPR-FO sensor may have highly promising applications in chemical sensing.


Distributed generators such as the micro‐turbine generator (MTG), fuel cell (FC) and solar power generator will be increasingly installed and operated in distribution networks. With this tendency, a new concept of energy supply system called the micro‐grid is now being studied and tested in the field today. This paper presents the results of a study on the load‐following performance of typical distributed generators, MTG and FC by modeling and simulations. In addition, behaviors of voltage and frequency in a micro‐grid after sudden separation from the utility grid (islanding condition), in which MTG and FC are installed, were studied by simulations. © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


THE INFLUENCE OF PERFORMANCE LEVEL AND SETTING ON COLLEGIATE ATHLETES' MOTIVATIONAL PROFILES Shareen B. Smith Department of Exercise Sciences Master of Science The purpose of this study was to determine if motivational profiles of individual collegiate team sport athletes differ across ability levels (High, Middle, and Low) and settings (Team Practice, Competition, and Personal Practice). The athletes task and ego disposition, autonomy, and contextual motivation, were assessed using the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), Sport Climate Questionnaire (SCQ), and Sport Motivational Scale (SMS), pre and postseason. Their anxiety levels and situational motivation were measured using the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Situational Motivational Scale (SIMS) during the season. The General Causality Orientations Scale (GCOS) was used pre and postseason to assess the strength of different motivational orientations in the coaches and the strength of association to the athletes' various motivational, anxiety and dispositional profiles. Results revealed that the athletes are functioning with high task and ego orientations almost equally across settings. They were also relatively high overall in perceived autonomy support. Anxiety and worry existed in all three settings, but in only low to moderate amounts. In addition, athletes reported higher levels of concentration disruption in competition settings over team or personal practice. Finally, individual athletes experienced significantly higher levels of self-determination behavior in both the competition and personal practice settings over team practice. No significant differences were found between the pre and postseason surveys for either the athletes or the coaches, or in the ability levels (H, M, and L) of the athletes.


Since the early 1980s, farmers in the northern part of Burkina Faso's Central Plateau have made significant investments in low-cost soil and water conservation techniques. These techniques greatly improved agricultural, social, economic and ecological conditions and reversed declining agricultural yields, migration, poverty, and environmental degradation. SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES IN BURKINA FASO


The invention is a data acquisition system including a condition responsive sensor for producing an analog signal indicative of a given variable condition, a delta modulator circuit connected to receive and convert the analog signal into a modulated pulse train indicative of the given condition, an encoder circuit connected to receive and convert the modulated pulse train into an audio output signal, and a recorder connected to receive and record the audio output signal. The encoder produces Harvard phase coding of the modulated pulse train and produces an audio output signal in a range between 1000 and 3000 Bauds that is compatible with cassette tape recorders.


Wave propagation is investigated in one-dimensional periodic structures containing layers of left-handed metamaterials. For a special choice of parameters, an angular gap appears due to total internal reflection in a certain frequency region. This gap has been found insensitive to the polarization of light and the length scale of the periodic structure for linear wave propagation. We have studied phenomenon of bistability related to this gap for nonlinear wave propagation. As far as the sign of the Kerr nonlinearity is concerned, the said gap shows the same character as that related to the Bragg gap. It is further shown that the bistable character related to the gap is sensitive to the polarization of the incident radiation and length scale of the periodic structure.


Coxiella burnetii is a well-known causative agent of granulomatous inflammation and an inducer of morphological changes and transformation of human B lymphocytes in vitro. An association of the organism with polymorphic reticulosis (PMR), a malignant granulomatous inflammation characterized by polymorphic lymphocytes, was examined. The infection of C. burnetii was demonstrated in all cases tested, especially in polymorphic lymphocytes. Also the presence of morphologically transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) infected with C. burnetii was demonstrated. In cultures of blood lymphocytes, C. burnetii-infected polymorphic cells identified as B cells became immortalized in vitro. These findings implicate the role of C. burnetii in the process of PMR.


The article reviews the clinical significance of measuring acute phase proteins (procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and neopterin) for differential diagnosis between bacterial and viral infections. The results of researches preformed at 1984 to 2014, which measured the levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and neopterin in body biological fluids in infectious and non-infection diseases, are analyzed. Most frequently the clinician encounters a situation when it is necessary to differentiate the bacterial infection from other possible causes of increased body temperature, in particular, from viral infections. In some cases, the diagnosis of bacterial infection is possible only after the results of bacteriology, therefore, laboratory markers of bacterial infection, which would allow differentiating the causes of fever and minimizing the number of cases of unjustified antibiotic use, are actively sought out. Combined measuring of three acute inflammation markers was performed in patients with both infectious and non- infectious diseases. In was revealed that the levels of those blood markers correlate with the inflammation severity. Higher diagnostic value of simultaneous measurement of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and neopterin, as well as the predictive value of procalcitonin and neopterin in monitoring the course of a number of diseases, was shown. Comprehensive analysis of the concentrations of the studied biomarkers in relation to clinical and microbiological data may help to identify patients at high risk of an unfavorable course of some diseases, allowing timely administration of all necessary treatments.


This article aims to assist you in developing your Research Project. It was done exclusively to contribute in a practical way with the Research Project that is configured as the planning of a Course Work. In the suggestion of this article, soon after the definition of the theme, the student should start with the literature survey, in which he will select scientific articles, read them, select relevant excerpts contained in it to compose his theoretical reference to only develop problem, hypothesis, objective, justification, methodology, etc. Precisely because it believes to be the easiest and most practical way to prepare a Research Project.


We present here the first results from the Chandra ERA (Environments of Radio-loud AGN) Large Project, characterizing the cluster environments of a sample of 26 radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z ∼ 0.5 that covers three decades of radio luminosity. This is the first systematic X-ray environmental study at a single epoch, and has allowed us to examine the relationship between radio luminosity and cluster environment without the problems of Malmquist bias. We have found a weak correlation between radio luminosity and host cluster X-ray luminosity, as well as tentative evidence that this correlation is driven by the subpopulation of low-excitation radio galaxies, with high-excitation radio galaxies showing no significant correlation. The considerable scatter in the environments may be indicative of complex relationships not currently included in feedback models.


In clause the opportunities of modular repair D-36 are proved, the results of measurement of the basic parameters DTE after realization in conditions of modular repair are received. On examples the improvement of a number (line) of parameters of job of the engine is shown.


Athletic competition requires great energy expen- diture and the ability to maintain performance depends on an ade- quate supply of metabolic fuels, which has led to the use of dietary supplements. Much of the data concerning fructose supplementation is contradictory in nature, but it shows that fructose feeding before or during exercise can enhance performance under certain condi- tions. Preexercise nutrition seems to be the most important condition to be met. It has been theorized that prefeeding elevates liver gly- cogen and spares muscle glycogen, which prolongs activity. There is also good evidence to indicate that the addition of fructose to the diet during ultraendurance events can improve performance by 126%. The gastrointestinal discomfort created by large amounts of fructose can hinder performance and has limited research with this supplement. Therefore, even though positive effects have been dem- onstrated, more research is needed to determine the role that fructose can play in enhancing athletic performance. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58(suppl):815S-819S.


Split-polarity transformation (SPT), which is incorporated into conventional linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformers to decorrelate the desired signal from interference, is presented. The SPT processor does not distort the direction vectors associated with wave fronts impinging on the array, but it does reverse the phase of the signal coming from a specified direction. With the aid of SPT processing, the signal cancellation due to correlation between the desired signal and interference is almost eliminated. The design of a robust SPT processor for combating the effects of mismatch between idealized array model and actual scenario arising from causes such as sensor location, amplitude, and phase errors is discussed. A detailed performance study of the SPT-LCMV beamformer shows it to be robust against direction uncertainty in the assumed look direction. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the SPT-LCMV beamforming scheme is a coherent interference environment. >


The architectural aspects of software systems are not typically explained to customers when a product is presented by respective vendors. One immediate downfall customers are likely to encounter emerges when new business needs necessitate modification of the core business processes within their organizations. In some cases, executives are forced to replace the entire systems or re-architect old ones to comply with new architectural standards. This paper describes a proposed architectural framework for an ideal ERP system. It applies the proposed framework to evaluate commonly recognized competitors of ERP solutions in the Saudi market. This study should assist organizations envisage a comprehensive view of vendor's solutions in order to help CEOs make informed decisions about the optimal solution that fits their current and future business needs.


a core of activists who will engage in the activities necessary for achieving the organization's collective goal. Furthermore, the way in which an organization or its leadership goes about resolving the problem of recruiting and retaining organizational activists has considerable impact upon its internal dynamics (i.e., its structures and procedures, distribution of power, hierarchical relationships, etc.) In the case of the political party, the way in which party leaders recruit and retain activists and voters also has profound consequences on the political process, for the party occupies a strategic place in the vertical relationship between citizen and government. In fact, it probably would be accurate to say that the way party leaders go about attracting and retaining organizational activists will be similar to the way they go about appealing for electoral support (Sorauf, 1964 and 1966; Eldersveld, 1964). While many students of organization theory and political parties have recognized the significance of organizational survival, few have made an explicit attempt to develop and test a theoretical framework on the problem (Gluck, 1970; Wilson, 1962; Eldersveld, 1964). Representative of the importance of attracting and retaining grass-roots activists is the statement made by Banfield and Wilson (1963, p. 27) in reference to the groups which participate in big-city politics:


Crystals growing in confined spaces can generate stress and are a major cause of damage in porous materials. The present paper is an experimental study of the isothermal hydration of MgSO4·H2O, kieserite, in porous glass filters with different in situ techniques, i.e., X-ray diffraction under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity, scanning electron microscopy after cryofixation of samples, and electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Based on the phase diagram of MgSO4 + H2O derived from a careful evaluation of the available thermodynamic data, all experiments were carried out under appropriate conditions in a controlled environment. Hydration of MgSO4·H2O and formation of MgSO4·6H2O (hexahydrite) is a true solid state reaction below the deliquescence humidity of kieserite. This reaction, however, is kinetically hindered. Above the deliquescence humidity, the reaction proceeds via a two stage reaction pathway involving the dissolution of kieserite and the subsequent crystallization of hexahy...


The phenomenon of rapid population growth and land conversion is what forms the background of this study. The Indonesian state does not only lose its agricultural land but also its farmers. This is the concern of the Government, including Local Governments, considering that agricultural land in its territory needs to be saved for food security and the needs of the next generations. Indonesia, including Jambi Province, will no longer have agricultural land and enough farmers in the future if this condition continues. Sungai Penuh of Jambi Province has been chosen as an object of study since this city is one of the main rice producers but suffering from agricultural land conversion. In realizing the goal, Legal policy is an option to implement because it binds not only the Local Government but also the community. That's why it is important to protect agricultural land through a legal framework to ensure the availability of agricultural land. This article argues that the problem has to find ways by establishing local regulation to protect the sustainability of land and the prosperity of the farmers as well as by providing comprehensive incentive programs for those who conserve it.


An attempt was made to examine if phospholipid from squid takes part in the suppres sion of lipid peroxidation. Phospholipid fraction prepared from short-finned squid (!lex argentinus) significantly suppressed peroxidation of purified sardine oil. The mechanism of antioxidative activity of squid phospholipid has not yet been known, however, results in the present study strongly suggest that phospholipid from squid suppressed lipid peroxidation not in a manner of a synergist to tocopherols but by an unknown mechanism, because contents of tocopherol in both purified sardine oil and phospholipid fraction from the squid were negligible.


Using generalized complex variable function method,the problem variable which parallel for quasi-periodical direction in 1 D orthorhombic QCs is investigated and its exact analytic solution are obtained,then,using these basic solutions,the problem of interaction of dislocation are solved.


In the present study the comparison of the effects of Ti and Nb in cast M7 high speed steel were investigated. The microstructure, the shape and volume percentages of microcomponents were studied using light and electron microscope with the aid of EDX and WDX analyzers. Bend and impact properties as well as hardness and hot hardness of Ti-alloyed and Nb-alloyed M7 steel were determined so that the effects of these two elements on the mechanical properties could be determined. The results show that Ti has the stronger effects than Nb on the microstructure modification and can produces more homogeneous cast structure. It is also found that, at the presence of Ti the mechanical properties are higher than those of Nb.


Increasing fire impacts across North America are associated with climate and vegetation change, greater exposure through development expansion, and less-well studied but salient social vulnerabilities. We are at a critical moment in the contemporary human-fire relationship, with an urgent need to transition from emergency response to proactive measures that build sustainable communities, protect human health, and restore the use of fire necessary for maintaining ecosystem processes. We propose an integrated risk factor that includes fire and smoke hazard, exposure, and vulnerability as a method to identify 'fires that matter', that is, fires that have potentially devastating impacts on our communities. This approach enables pathways to delineate and prioritise science-informed planning strategies most likely to increase community resilience to fires.


Diffusion through contact in the course of history could be an explanation of the presence of the Potiphar's wife literary motif in Tibetan literature. As this motif is one of the most widespread, it is also possible to ascribe its presence in different periods and areas to human behaviour, which seems to be similar everywhere. In my short note, I suggest to invoke a latent misogyny in the Tibetan Buddhist society as the actual reason for such a presence.


In order to study the effect of different tobacco planting systems(green manure-tobacco with crop rotation,monoculture-tobacco,wheat-tobacco with crop-rotation and inter-cropping) on soil enzyme activities,soil samples were taken from brown soil in Yishui county,Shandong Province.Results showed that in the study period(from 24 Mar to 7 Sep in 2009),the soil catalase,sucrase and urase activity in plowed layers(0-25cm) were not significantly different under different planting systems.However,three soil enzyme activities varied with seasons differently.The activity of catalase changed with a small fluctuation in overall,but reached the minimum after 30 days of the flue-cured tobacco transplanting(20 Jun).Sucrase activity decreased after 30 days of the flue-cured tobacco transplanting,then it gradually increased,and reached the maximum at the harvest period(7 Sep.).Urase activity reached the maximum at squaring stage(68 days after the flue-cured tobacco transplanting) and then dramatically decreased.In terms of the different soil layers(0-5 cm,5-15 cm,15-25 cm),the catalase and urase activities increased with soil depth in the plowed layers,but the range was very small.The order of protease activity with soil depth was 5-15cm 0-5cm 15-25cm.In the whole growth period of flue-cured tobacco,the temporal variability of three soil enzymes was also analyzed.Soil urase had the largest temporal variation coefficient,which meant it had the largest effect by the outer environment in the whole tobacco growth period.Soil sucrase took the second place.Soil catalase had the smallest temporal variation coefficient,with a most stable seasonal variation.


As reproduction in a mongol parent is so rare, the following case of a mongol girl bearing an apparently normal infant is reported. On theoretical grounds it would be expected that the chances of a standard mongol bearing either a mongol or a normal infant would be equal. At the first meiotic division of her ova, the chromosome number of 47 is reduced to either 24 or 23 in the secondary ovocyte, giving rise to ova with either 24 or 23 chromosomes, presumably in equal numbers. When fertilized by 23-chromosome-bearing sperm, zygotes with a diploid number of 47 or 46 would be produced, again presumably in equal numbers. In the small reported series of mongol mothers (Penrose, 1963), there were 14 children born in 12 pregnancies of 11 mothers. This produced altogether 5 definite mongols, 4 normal children, 2 mentally retarded children (not mongols), and 3 stillborn children (2 definitely, and one probably, not mongols). The present case brings the total of normal offspring to 5. Within the limits of these small numbers, the occurrence of 5 mongol births in 15 pregnancies is consistent with the theoretical expectation. The present case was investigated to exclude the possibility of the baby being a translocation carrier. Her mother, a mongol girl aged 18, is the fifth child of a family of 10 children, the mother of whom is at present


The development and reuse of software engineering processes within an organization can be impeded by the lack of a solid process framework. An open process architecture provides a framework through the identification of architectural elements and the specification of element interfaces. This paper introduces one open process architecture and examines some architectural element interfaces.


PurposeThe consolidation behavior of prefabricated vertical drain (PVD)-installed soft deposits mainly depends on the PVD performance. The purpose of this study is to propose a numerical solution for the consolidation of PVD-installed soft soil using the large-strain theory, in which the reduction of discharge capacity of PVD according to depth and time is simultaneously considered.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed solution also takes into account the general constitute relationship of soft soil. Subsequently, the proposed solution is applied to analyze and compare with the monitoring data of two cases, one is the experimental test and another is the test embankment in Saga airport.FindingsThe results show that the reduction of PVD discharge capacity according to depth and time increased the duration required to achieve a certain degree of consolidation. The consolidation rate is more sensitive to the reduction of PVD discharge capacity according to time than that according to the depth. The effects of the reduction of PVD discharge capacity according to depth are more evident when PVD discharge capacity decreases. The predicted results using the proposed numerical solution were validated well with the monitoring data for both cases in verification.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, the variation of PVD discharge capacity is only considered in one-dimensional consolidation. However, it is challenging to implement a general expression for discharge capacity variation according to time in the two-dimensional numerical solution (two-dimensional plane strain model). This is the motivation for further study.Practical implicationsA geotechnical engineer could use the proposed numerical solution to predict the consolidation behavior of the drainage-improved soft deposit considering the PVD discharge capacity variation.Originality/valueThe large-strain consolidation of PVD-installed soft deposits could be predicted well by using the proposed numerical solution considering the PVD discharge capacity variations according to depth and time.


Extremity vascular injury is a dreadful condition that can lead to limb loss and mortality. Every patient with extremity injury should be suspected of having this condition for early detection and management. Thorough understanding of mechanism of injury along with high index of suspicion and clear knowledge of diagnostic and management guidelines leads to reduction of morbidity and mortality of this condition. Key words: Extremity vascular injury, Diagnosis, Management guideline


The authors have developed a furnace that combines the fuel-saving technique of cogeneration and the fuel saving technique of a condensing furnace in a system that is fundamentally simpler than existing furnaces and has the potential of replacing virtually every existing furnace in a highly fuel-efficient and cost-effective manner. The realization of these benefits will require the solution to difficult, but solvable, problems. The system has been recommended by the National Bureau of Standards and awarded a grant by the United States Department of Energy. The authors describe their work in the design and testing of development prototypes, as well as some of the successes and remaining problems to be solved.<<ETX>>


An ine-cient convective solution with non - negligible gradient of the mean molecular weight was discovered by extending the mixing-length theory of convection (Umezu & Nakakita 1988). This solution is unstable, but becomes stable if the radiative heat loss from the convective element is negli- gible. However, since the size of the convective element necessary to stabilize this solution is larger than the stellar radius by several orders, this ine-cient convection solution never becomes stable. If the radiative heat loss is neglected, the zone with this ine-cient convection solution resembles the Ledoux semicon- vection zone. Hence this study might show another reason against the Ledoux semiconvection zone.


Solution of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), diazoacetic ester (DAAE), N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), N-methyl-N,N'-dinitroguanidine, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB), o-aminoazotoluene or 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) were applied to rat skin. Neoplasms (skin tumors) were found only in the experiments with MNU, DAAE, MNNG, DAB and DMBA, MNU, MNNG, DAB and DMBA induced tumours in the sites of skin painting. In experiments with DAAE distant skin neoplasms developed as well. Possible mechanisms of action of these compounds are discussed.


We investigate a possible way to bypass a no-go theorem for the isocurvaton scenario [15]. The isocurvaton scenario can be realized when we introduce a peculiar interaction and then relax slow roll condition. With the realization of the isocurvaton scenario, large non-Gaussianity and gravitational wave enhancement can be achieved.


Introduction: Within the private economy individuals are today accepting an increased individual responsibility for retirement funds and other economic challenges. This is due to the decreased conf ...


The aim of the present study is to understand how different definitions of snacking influence the estimated probability of obesity in the presence of concurrent risk factors. Factors influencing obesity were evaluated by reviewing the relevant literature through a PUBMED search. Six different modalities to define snack consumption were identified. A Bayesian network model in which nodes represent the variables that the retrieved studies indicate as affecting the probability of obesity was implemented and used to estimate the individual risk of developing obesity taking into account the concurrent effect of the considered risk factors. For a subject with a given profile of factors, the probability of obesity varies according to the chosen definition of snacking, up to maximum of 70%. The variability of the probability of obesity attributable to the chosen definition of snacking is very high and may threaten any conclusion about the effect of snacking, which may be related to the specific definitions adopted in the study.


The existence of essentially isotropic homogeneous cosmic background radiation with the spectrum of a 3 K blackbody places important limits on cosmological speculations. This radiation has been the subject of intensive experimental investigation for more than a decade. Current research centers around measurements of the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation at submillimeter wavelengths, and measurements of the anisotropy of this radiation from centimeter to submillimeter wavelengths. In this talk we will discuss some of the difficulties of making these measurements and summarize the present status of the field. In 1948, Alpher and Herman [1] reported theoretical investigations of "big bang" cosmological models in an effort to explain the abundance of the chemical elements. They concluded that their model universe was filled with isotropic homogeneous blackbody radiation with a characteristic temperature of a few degrees Kelvin. This radiation was emitted by the ∼ 3,000 K cosmic plasma and has not interacted with matter since the plasma cooled sufficiently to form hydrogen. Because of the subsequent expansion of the universe, this radiation has cooled to the present temperature of ∼ 3 K.


The visit of the British Association for the Advancement of Science to
South Africa in 1905 was a formative event for the nascent South African
scientific community. The overseas delegates travelled to two South African
cities as part of the meeting and visited five other cities on excursions.
At each venue they met their South African counterparts and presented
public lectures. The presence of two influential European anthropologists
in the party had a significant influence on the developing field of physical
anthropology in the colonies. In particular, these anthropologists helped
to define the typological approach to the study of South African native
peoples. South African physical anthropology would be transfixed with
this racial focus for the next five decades.


The inverse scattering investigates the problem of image reconstruction of biological objects and determination of the relation between the electromagnetic scattered field and the volume current distribution in all directions. The basic technique to generate a reconstructed tomographic image in Terahertz range on a digital computer is described. Some applications of computer simulations for tomography including new algorithms, which proved to be superior for Terahertz diagnostic technique, are introduced. Tomographic image reconstruction of cylindrical objects from calculated scattered electric field is studied. Finally, the effect of sampling and quantization on tomographic image fidelity is reviewed.


The development of portable standards of unprecedented accuracy is discussed. The difficulty of establishing internationally accepted definitions of such units as volt, ohm, and ampere is examined. Standardization of the volt and ohm and the improved accuracy of time standards are also considered.


Based on the sparse characteristic of echoes, a method for adaptively high resolution radar imaging based on Compressed Sensing(CS)using sparse Stepped Frequency Chirp Signal(SFCS)is proposed. A dynamic closed-loop feedback system is built up according to the relationship between the sparsity of the target's echoes and the number of subpulses, realizing the self-adaptive modulation of the transmittal. The corresponding partial inverse Fourier basis matrix is constructed using the sparsity of subpulses in the spectrogram. Via the algorithm of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP), it can reconstruct the High Resolution Range Profile(HRRP)of the target thereby yielding the target's image with high resolution. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Large construction projects involve collaboration among a large number of participants with different specialised knowledge from various construction processes. A readily accessible bridge information model is needed to enable engineers to innovate prefabricated bridge construction. Three-dimensional (3D) information models can include multi-layered information for different users such as designer, contractor and owner. A construction project life-cycle management system was suggested to integrate and to accumulate valuable information. In this paper, 3D bridge information models for an international concrete bridge construction project were built to integrate design and construction processes. The 3D bridge models were realised by considering work breakdown structure and product breakdown structure to enable digital mock-up and design enhancement and to shorten the learning time of construction engineers. The models were also utilised for the fabrication of precast box segments and for the geometry control during construction. Assessment from the construction director was discussed and additional usage of the bridge information models was suggested.


The role of the civil rights issue in the 1960 presidential election was investigated through a survey of the voting intentions of 130 Negroes and 147 whites in a southern city. The civil rights issue proved to be of central importance in the decisions of the Negro voters. The white voters, on the other hand, tended to make their decisions on other grounds, and the civil rights issue played a much lesser role. This was due not to indifference toward the issue but rather to the belief that the stands of Nixon and Kennedy were equally unacceptable. Thus Kennedy was able to attract a majority of Negro voters by adopting a somewhat more militant stance than his opponent on civil rights without alienating a large number of southern whites, who tended to regard any differences between the candidates on civil rights as insignificant. O S NE OF THE major issues of recent presidential election campaigns in the United States has been the question of civil rights for Negroes. Yet, in spite of the great importance attached to the issue by the candidates in the conduct of their campaigns, the impact of the issue upon the voting decisions of the public has not generally been studied except in indirect fashion, primarily through the analysis of gross voting returns. Thus we have little knowledge of the specific effects of the civil rights issue as distinct from other issues with regard to the voting patterns of either Negroes or whites. There have been many studies of Negro presidential voting based primarily upon the analysis of voting returns in predominantly Negro wards and precincts in southern and northern cities.' These studies show that until 1936 Negroes in the United States tended to vote Republican as a kind of perpetual monument to Reconstruction. New Deal economic and welfare measures, however, tended to attract Negroes to the Democratic party in the elections between 1936 and 1952. In 1956 there were widespread defections back to the Republican Party. According to Lubell's study of 86 cities, Eisenhower received only 25 percent of the Negro vote in these cities in 1952 but received 36 percent in 1956.2 The change was especially great in the southern cities, where the percent voting for Eisenhower rose from 19 percent in 1952 to 47 percent in 1956. A Gallup poll in January 1957, showed that "of all the major groups of the nation's population, the one that shifted most to the Eisenhower-Nixon ticket... was the Negro voter."3 The reason for the shift of the Negro vote in 1956 has been the subject of much speculation. Moon believes that "civil rights was most certainly an important consideration in the minds of Negro voters," and he points out that their switch was most pronounced in the South, where the issue was sharp and inescapable.4 Lubell states that ... . the crucial struggle in the minds of Negroes during the last campaign was the conflict between their anger over incidents of racial violence in the South and the economic attachment that they felt to the Democratic party."'5 Where unemployment was heavy and where Negroes were relatively well integrated into the labor movement, as in Michigan and Toledo, there were few defections from the * Paper read at the twenty-fourth annual meeting of the Southern Sociological Society, Miami Beach, Florida, April 1961. I am indebted to the Research Council of Florida State University for financial support of this study and to Charles U. Smith of Florida A. & M. University for his co-operation and assistance during the field survey phase of the study. 1 See Elston Roady, "The Negro's Role in Southern Politics," The Negro in American Society (Tallahassee: Florida State University Studies, no. 28, 1958); Hugh D. Price, The Negro and Southern Politics (New York: New York University Press, 1957); Margaret Price, The Negro Voter in the South (Atlanta: Southern Regional Council, 1957); and the numerous articles in the Journal of Negro Education, 26 (Summer 1957). 2 Samuel Lubell, "The Future of the Negro Voter in the United States," Journal of Negro Education, 26 (Summer 1957), pp. 408-417. 3 Henry Lee Moon, "The Negro Vote in the Presidential Election of 1956," Journal of Negro Education, 26 (Summer 1957), pp. 219-230. 4 Ibid. p. 226. 5 Lubell, op. cit., p. 408. This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Fri, 14 Oct 2016 04:22:55 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


In the United States considerable emphasis is at present being placed upon emergency psychiatric services. This is part of a national drive to provide a high level of care for the total population and not just those who can afford the services of private psychiatrists. Investigations have been conducted in various centres in the U.S.A., and subsequent discussion and documentation (e.g. 5) suggest that emergency care is best given by a centre which also provides full in-patient and out-patient services. This echoes and reinforces the recommendations of the "Community Mental Health Centers Act", which promises Federal matching funds to American states setting up community mental health centres, provided the services are comprehensive. The term "comprehensive" is defined in some detail, and comprises in-patient and out-patient services, partial hospitalization (e.g. day-care), emergency services for 24 hours in the day, and consultation and educational services to professional personnel and to the community at large.


In order to analysis the light color rules,it was tested by UV lamps with the test material of linden wood veneer,and used FT-IR and Spectro-Photometer.The results showed these information.Wood was easy to appear the phenomenon of photochemical reactions under UV radiation.Lignin came about degradation.Unconjugated Carbonyl groups increased.It changed greatly at first 10 hours,and became slowly from 10 hours to 50 hours in saturation.The changes of the lightness index were showed in aspects of the significantly increasement of yellow-blue-degree(b*),and minor changes of lightness index(L*)and red-green-degree(a*).


The present invention relates to a method of identifying a heterologous polypeptide having enzymatic activity for con Verting pyruvate, acetaldehyde or acetate into acetyl-CoA in (the cytosol of) a yeast cell comprising: a) providing a mutated yeast cell comprising a deletion of at least one gene of the (PDH) by-pass, selected from the genes encoding the enzymes pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), acetaldehyde dehy drogenase (ALD), and acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS); b) transforming said mutated yeast cell with an expression vec tor comprising a heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding a candidate polypeptide having potential enzymatic activity for converting pyruvate, acetaldehyde or acetate into acetyl CoA.; c) testing said recombinant mutated yeast cell for its ability to grow on minimal medium containing glucose as sole carbon Source, and d) identifying said candidate polypeptide as a heterologous polypeptide having enzymatic activity for converting pyruvate, acetaldehyde or acetate into acetyl-CoA in (the cytosol of) said yeast cell when growth of said cell is observed. The invention further relates to a method of producing a fermentation production Such as butanol.


This paper studied the generator polynomial of linear cyclic codes C on ring Z_4,and proved that the depth spectrum of linear cyclic codes of type 4~k or 2~k consists exactly k non zero values,and gived the depth spectrum of type 4~(k_1)2~_(k_2).


The radar work in a complex environment where the noise has very strong pulse, the noise can be described by stable distribution. The conventional spectrum estimation method based on second order statistics is reasonable in many cases, however, the performance of the conventional algorithm degenerate in stable distribution environment. We propose three new frequency spectrum estimate method with Fractional lower order covariance (FLOC), FLOC-Pisarenko method, FLOC-Esprit method and FLOC multiple signal classification (FLOC-MUSIC) method. The conventional spectrum estimation methods with three proposed methods under Gaussian noise and stable distribution are compared in this paper, simulations show that the conventional methods degenerate, but the proposed algorithms can work better in stable distribution environment, and are robust.


The conceptual basis for automated highway systems (AHS) was established 70 years ago, long before it was technologically feasible. The historical context of thinking about AHS since then is reviewed, followed by a focus on the development of PATHpsilas research program on AHS during the past 20 years. The primary contributions to knowledge from the PATH AHS research are summarized, followed by identification of the key remaining issues that need attention.


PURPOSE: To provide a crawler type traveling device capable of traveling straightly in any direction on the roof top or on the middle floor of a building. CONSTITUTION: Driven wheels 22a, 22b to keep the identical direction when traveling by casters 29a, 29b and turnable driving wheels 23a, 23b which are provided with a steering mechanism and a driving motor are installed on a truck body 21. On the roof top 1a, the driven wheels 22a, 22b and the driving wheels 23a, 23b are arranged in the desired direction to allow a crawler type traveling device 20 for suspending a gondola cage to straightly be moved in the desired direction by driving the driving wheels 23a, 23b, and the conventional necessity to change over the wheel can be eliminated. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


RPSUME The National Peatland Database is part of the "Peat as Fuel Project" investigating the use of peat as an energy resource. Spatial and attribute data are incorporated within a GIS comprising an ERDAS image processor interfaced with an ORACLE relational database. Data sets include: the extent and quality of peat deposits; practical and environmental constraints on extraction; and incompatible land uses. Development work is concentrating on the handling and interrogation of large spatial datasets and the communication between the geographic and relational databases. The poster display illustrates the type of query which can be answered with an example using selected datasets for Tayside Region in Scotland.


Abstract : Global optimization is the process of finding a best solution among many possible solutions to a problem involving the minimization or maximization of some desired "cost" function. In general, many problems arising from practical applications can be formulated using both an objective function to be optimized (cost, profit, etc.) and a set of restrictions on the allowed solutions. In some cases this objective function may be linear, in which case the problem may yield to linear programming techniques. In other cases it may be entirely concave or convex. In these cases the solution may again be easy to obtain since certain properties of the function allow special searching techniques to locate the optimum solution. In the hardest cases the objective function is indefinite, which means that it can have many local minimal none of which satisfy any special properties. Furthermore, these problems are usually bounded by constraints, which restrict the allowed values of the individual variables. In the majority of real problems the constraints will be linear, in which case the optimization problem can be approached using matrix algebra techniques. This paper will present two methods for optimizing indefinite functions with linear constraints, and computational results obtained using each method. (AN)


Sensing amyloid aggregation using photoluminescent ruthenium(II) probes by Nathan Patrick Cook Photoluminescent transition metals have been widely used to detect a variety of biological molecules, including the seminal work of a ruthenium(II) ligand for the "light-up" detection of DNA in 1990. This thesis focuses on the novel application of ruthenium(II) ligands for the detection of aggregated amyloid proteins, such as amyloid-β and α-synuclein. Ruthenium(II) probes such as a [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ and [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ demonstrate unique photophysical effects (widely known as light-switching) due to their environment sensitive photoluminescent emission. For example, both complexes are highly emissive in acetonitrile or when mixed with DNA, but are non-emissive when in aqueous buffer. An overview of fluorescent probes used in the detection of amyloid will be provided in Chapter 1. The first use of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ for the detection of amyloid fibrils will be discussed in Chapter 3. The use of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ and [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ for the detection of α-synuclein aggregates both in vitro and in cell culture will be discussed in Chapter 4. An explanation of plausible binding modes will be discussed in Chapter 5. For exploration of isomer binding effects (Δ and Λ) will be explained in Chapter 7. Depending on the protein and method, amyloid fibril formation can occur on the timescale from almost instantaneous transformation to aggregation over the course of several days, if not weeks. Chapter 2 will provide a method to incubate a large sample of amyloid in highly reproducible batches that can be measured across several different instrumentation types. Methods to identify plaque formation are vital for developing drugs for the treatment of amyloid related diseases. Chapter 6 discusses the use of Ruthenium Red as a birefringent probe for the detection of amyloid fibrils and plaques.


The use of the rectangular wave in the TIG-CA welding process for aluminum alloys allows numerous possibilities of frequency control, wave amplitude variation and positive or negative current for the same wave cycle. The configuration selected is decisive for the effect and final property of the weld bead, where alternating current variation in aluminum alloy welding is widely used and is intended to promote surface oxide layer cleanliness while promoting penetration of the joint. In the literature it is common to find statements that the cleaning of the oxide layer at the welding time is connected to the positive wave cycle and the penetration is connected to the negative wave cycle time. For the research proposal, TIG-AC welding of the aluminum alloy AA 6063-T6 was performed by simple plate deposition with rectangular wave with variation both in the current and in the time of positive polarity of the electrode in the cycle in the current welding wave 140 A, For balance conditions at 50% of the positive polarity at a waveform time period of 20 ms, followed by wave unbalance to 32.5% and 15% of the positive polarity acting time maintaining a constant frequency of 50 Hz for all settings. The results for the selected settings show that the decrease in the positive wave time decreases the penetration and the width of the weld bead and this may be related to the selection of time and frequency used.


This paper, which is based on the ethnography of a group of young Christian-evangelical missionaries during their missionary training, focuses on particular relations to place that these missionaries have. Beginning with a brief look at religion and transnationality, I demonstrate how the Christian-evangelical can be understood both historically and currently as a transnational phenomenon especially in and through its missionary, boundary-crossing movements. In contrast to the conceptually transnational, the missionary mandate has no relation to localities insofar as it relates to the world as a whole in a manner that is boundless and all-encompassing. The young missionaries therefore find themselves in a dilemma where they are caught between boundlessness and the requirement to locate to specific places when they have to decide on the destinations of their missionary travels. Drawing on empirical material, I outline in this paper the different strategies that the young missionaries adopt in dealing with the resulting tension. The young missionaries remain capable of action and establish relations to place; on the basis of these relations, we can add to the discussion on transnationality and religion the perspective of the transcendent.


Kenneth Kolodziej is a technical staff member in the RF Technology Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Lincoln Laboratory, where he is a principal investigator on wideband electronics and in-band full-duplex (IBFD), commonly known as simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) systems. He has conducted research on RF, microwave, and photonic circuits, including antenna, radar, and communications systems. He received his B.E. and M.E. degrees in electrical engineering from the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, NJ. He has published numerous journal articles and conference papers and holds several patents in the field of antennas and RF systems. He is also an IEEE Member and is very actively serving the IEEE Society.


We consider two-dimensional electrical impedance tomography (EIT), that is, the inverse conductivity problem in the case when the boundary of the domain is not known. In this case, the boundary measurements correspond to the idealization of measuring power needed to maintain different voltage configurations in electrodes attached to the boundary. We give an algorithm that reconstructs the conductivity from the boundary measurement up to a conformal deformation of the domain and estimate quantitatively the distortion in the reconstruction caused by an incorrectly modeled boundary. In our previous results [V. Kolehmainen, M. Lassas, and P. Ola, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 66 (2005), pp. 365–383], it was shown that in the inaccurately modeled domain there is a unique anisotropic conductivity corresponding to the boundary measurements that has the minimal possible anisotropy. This minimally anisotropic conductivity can be found using minimization. In this paper we use the Beltrami equation to isotropize the minimall...


Thanks to cat-state probes, we propose a scheme to measure the parity of two
distant qubits, while ensuring that losses on the quantum channel between them does not
destroy coherences within the parity subspaces.


10 that includes; (single nucleotide polymorphims SNP) markers present invention relates to compositions and methods for predicting or diagnosing of hip dysplasia, and more particularly, SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 5 of the 217th nucleotide of a single-nucleotide polymorphism ~ 100 relates to a continuous composition and method using a polynucleotide or a complementary set of primers or probe sets which specifically bind to a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide of predicting or diagnosing of hip dysplasia.


The independence of aesthetic judgments about art from personal preferences about that art was investigated with abstract paintings which were shown in different orientations. Two groups of undergraduate subjects, N = 24 and N = 22, judged works by Davis, DeKooning, and Pollock in either their upright (correct) or inverted (incorrect) orientations. While correctly and incorrectly positioned paintings were equally liked, the former were judged as more appropriately oriented than the latter. The results indicate: 1) the independence of aesthetic perception from personal preference; and 2) that the perception of orientation is more dependent on the properties of the stimulus than on recognition.


The research was conducted among secondary school students Nganjuk Patianrowo N 1. Research is explanatory research. The population of this study class XI IPS SMA N 1 Patianrowo Nganjuk Academic Year 2011/2012 and show as much as 105 students. Data was collected through questionnaire and method of documentation .. Test the validity of the technique of product-moment analysis and reliability testing using Cronbach's alpha. Test requirements analysis through test for normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. In addition, the data were collected and analyzed using descriptive analysis the percentage of multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate: (1) there is a positive and significant interest in achieving learning in Accounting Education, there is a positive and significant impact Habits learning of learning achievement in Accounting and the interests of positive impact significant learning, habit learning, learning achievement in Accounting. Keywords: Interest in learning, learning habits and learning achievements.


Abstract Experiments were conducted to study the metabolizable energy (M.E.) value of rapeseed meal for chickens of different ages. Using laying pullets of three genetic sources, average M.E. values of 2390, 2570 and 2710 cal./gm. were obtained for one sample of rapeseed meal. Three-week old chicks gave an M.E. value of 1465 cal./gm. for the same meal. In another assay, the M.E. value of a second meal was estimated to be 2020 and 1510 cal./gm. for laying pullets and 3-week old chicks respectively. M.E. values of diets containing soybean or one of five different rapeseed meals were determined weekly with chicks to 5 weeks of age. The M.E. value of the soybean meal diet remained relatively constant over the period, whereas M.E. values of the rapeseed meal diets progressively declined to approximately 92% of the values estimated at 1 week of age.


The skin is amenable to direct examination but presents with a wide variety of lesions. Both primary and secondary lesions are recognized. Primary lesions may be suggestive of specific diseases and can evolve into secondary lesions. The ability to recognize and interpret skin lesions can be helpful both in formulating a differential diagnosis and in selecting sites to sample during a diagnostic work up. There are additional benefits to describing skin lesions accurately and consistently for clinical records and when describing cases to colleagues and specialists. The first in this series of two articles focuses on primary lesions and their involvement in particular skin diseases.


This article presents the characteristics of CO₂ as a refrigerant and the potential applications of the transcritical cycle technology in various refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems. The thermophysical properties of C0₂ are quite different from all the conventional refrigerants. Its vapor pressure is much higher and its volumetric capacity is 3-10 times larger than CFC, HCFC and HFC refrigerants. The critical pressure and temperature of C0₂ are 7.4 MPa and 31.1℃, respectively, and it is not possible to transfer the heat to the ambient above this critical temperature by condensation as in the conventional vapor compression cycle. This heat transfer process (gas cooling) above the critical point results in the transcritical cycle. The pressure and temperature in the transcritical cycle are not coupled and so regulated independently to get the optimum operating condition. Some research results are introduced suggesting the possible applications for the particular purpose and those barriers that should be overcome before commercialization.


. ABSTRACT: The aim and objective of this study to formulate and evaluate the herbal based microneedle patch for an acne infection here, totally two herbal extracts were used (ie) hydroalcoholic extracts of Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica, both the extracts can potentially inhibits the activity of many bacterial pathogens, these extracts already used in many cosmetic formulations for to control the acne infection. PVP and PVA were used as polymer for dissolving microneedle patch because of its better compatibility studies and physical nature. There are three different microneedle patches were formulated (F1, F2 and F3) and standardization procedure were done with this patches. By the results of standardization F2 formulation is better one, it was selected for further evaluation studies of SEM analysis and antimicrobial studies. Till now there are 11 types of bacterial stains prominently affects the human population, among these two stains (ie) Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus were collected Antimicrobial study was performed using F2 microneedle patch, it's potentially inhibits the growth of microorganism. In future in-vitro drug releasing study and in-vivo animal studies can be continued for F2 formulation.


The invention provides a method of processing a virtual network, a system and a network control center. The method comprises the following steps of receiving configuration information used for establish the virtual network; carrying out corresponding processing according to the configuration information and calling an assigned interface of the network control center to carry out establishment of the virtual network; receiving a request of establishing a virtual machine and calling the assigned interface to establish the virtual machine according to virtual machine configuration information carried by the request. By using the method, the system and the control center of the invention, a user can configure a network characteristic of a virtual private cloud.


Eight chemical pesticides were used to conduct chemical control on the pole-canker disease of Castanea henryi in Fujian.The results showed that there was a significant difference in the inhibiting and recovering rates of the pole-canker spots and the absolute control rate among treatments with different pesticides and concentrations.The absolute control rates of the 200 and 400 times solution of WP of 25% fylomac and the 200 times solution of WP of 80% zineb reached 869.6%,633.4% and 385.3%,respectively.Of the 3 concentrations of 8 pesticides,the 200 times solution of WP of 80% zineb performed better in the inhibiting and recovering rates of the pole-canker spots,and was preferred to control pole-canker disease of C.henryi.


: This paper is a comparative analysis of Nigeria and Kenya, the largest economies in West and East Africa respectively, on the basis of the time series properties of their economic activities through the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and growth rate series. It further analyses how differing policy and political economy processes contributed to the two countries' economic growth trajectories despite becoming independent republics at almost the same time. We study the two economies using a long-memory-fractionally integrated approach. The results show a high degree of persistence in both cases. When non-linearities are taken into account, evidence of mean reversion is found in the GDP series in the two countries. This is indicative of how the two countries in very distinct African contexts followed broadly different but, in some ways, similar paths toward economic growth since independence.


BACKGROUND: The human cytokine granulocyte–colony stimulatory factor (G‐CSF) has found widespread application in the medical treatment of neutropenia and to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells used for transplantation. So far, the effect of G‐CSF on natural killer (NK) cells has not been fully investigated.


ASTRIKING parallel exists between the comments on human nature expounded so forceful y by Rabelais in his Five Books relating the adventures of Gargantua and Pantagruel and those expressed in French vaudevilles of the lfate seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. When the amorphous mass of the vaudeville repertory is examined and classified according to the major themes in Rabelais's work, it quickly assumes a meaningful shape. Rabelais's preoccupation with the symbolism of wine lends new significance to the multitude of vaudevilles in the drinking-song category. His philosophy of free will inherent in the founding of the Abbey of Th61Rme is restated by the eighteenth-century vaudevillistes. His contempt for marriage, his fear of cuckoldry, and his satirical, ribald approach to love pervade their songs. With great relish the later writers imitate his fantastic play with word series, phrases, and rhyming sounds. Rabelais's protests against hypocrisy, his criticism of man's weaknesses, his faith in man's finer instincts, his revelry in the pleasures of human companionship, and his delight in life itself are all echoed in the texts of the vaudevilles.


Cluster analysis or clustering is a task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some sense or another) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters). It is the main task of exploratory data mining and a common technique for statistical data analysis used in many fields, including machine learning, pattern recognition, image analysis, information retrieval, and bioinformatics.The topic of this paper is modern methods of clustering. The paper describes the theory needed to understand the principle of clustering and descriptions of algorithms used with clustering, followed by a comparison of the chosen methods. INTRODUCTION TO CLUSTER ANALYSIS Cluster analysis itself is not one specific algorithm, but a general task to be solved. It can be achieved by various algorithms that differ significantly in their notion of what constitutes a cluster and how to find them efficiently. Popular notions of clusters include groups with small distances among the cluster members, dense areas of the data space, intervals or particular statistical distributions. Clustering can therefore be formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem. The appropriate clustering algorithm and parameter settings (including values such as the distance function to use, density threshold, or number of expected clusters) depend on the individual data set and intended use of the results. Cluster analysis as such is not an automatic task, but an iterative process of knowledge discovery or interactive multi-objective optimization that involves trial and failure. It will often be necessary to modify data preprocessing and model parameters until the result achieves the desired properties. Clustering can be considered the most important unsupervised learning problem; so, as every other problem of this kind, it deals with finding a structure in a collection of unlabeled data. A loose definition of clustering could be "the process of organizing objects into groups whose members are similar in some way". A cluster is therefore a collection of objects which are "similar" between them and are "dissimilar" to the objects belonging to other clusters. Besides the term clustering, there are a number of terms with similar meanings, including automatic classification, numerical taxonomy and typological analysis. Subtle differences are often in the usage of the results: while in data mining, the resulting groups are the matter of interest, in automatic classification the resulting discriminative power is of interest. This often leads to misunderstandings between researchers coming from the fields of data mining and machine learning, since they use the same terms and often the same algorithms, but have different goals. In this paper we will compare three different algorithms in an experimental study. MODERN CLUSTERING METHODS There are some well used clustering algorithms out there; one of them is the famous CLARANS. Other methods are K means, K-medoid, Hierarchical Clustering and Self-Organized Maps. Nevertheless, none of these algorithms can handle all these three mentioned problems in a good way. This report will not discuss these methods but focus on the DBSCAN(Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) algorithm, which introduces solutions to these problems.


This paper investigates the relationship between fiscal decentralisation and economy-wide disposable income inequality. Drawing on a dataset of up to 20 OECD countries over a period from 1996 to 2011, a regression analysis is performed, relating several indicators of national income inequality and a wide array of fiscal decentralisation indicators. The results indicate a weak, inequality-reducing relationship between decentralisation and income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, but the effect is rather small and unstable across specifications. Fine-graining the analysis by using income percentile ratios, in turn, produces more significant and stable results. It shows that the effects of fiscal decentralisation are not the same along the income distribution. While decentralisation tends to be associated with a reduction in income inequality between high incomes and the median, it is linked to a divergence of low income groups from the median, notably via sub-central tax autonomy. Transfers between levels of government also tend to increase the gap between lower and middle incomes. Interpreting these effects jointly, it seems that mainly middle income earners benefit from fiscal decentralisation. Finally, some insights on decentralisation and regional income inequality are presented. At first sight, fiscal decentralisation does not seem to be associated with income sorting in large jurisdictions, but a more fine-grained analysis is required to answer this question.


Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies with high rates of mortality. Although great progress has been made with the development of novel immunotherapies and targeted therapeutic strategies, the 5-year total survival rate of lung cancer has remained unchanged over the past few decades. Therefore, more effective therapeutics are urgently needed. Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) is an integrin-like cell surface transmembrane protein that has been demonstrated to be upregulated in numerous cancer types and previously showed promise for targeted cancer therapy. However, the role of TEM8 in NSCLC remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of silencing TEM8 on expression and regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathways in NSCLC. In the present study, a lentiviral vector that encoded a short hairpin RNA targeting TEM8 was designed and transfected into Xuanwei Lung Cancer (XWLC)-05 lung cancer cells to silence TEM8 expression. Male BALB/c-nu/nu mice were then given subcutaneous injections in the right dorsal flank with XWLC-05 cells. Microvessel density was measured using an anti-CD34 antibody. The mRNA and protein levels of ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 in XWLC-05 cells or xenograft tumor tissues were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. TEM8 knockdown was found to significantly inhibit tumor growth and conferred an anti-angiogenic ability in vivo. Furthermore, TEM8 knockdown suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 mediated by ERK1/2 activity in XWLC-05 cells or tissues from mice with NSCLC. To conclude, these results suggest that the targeted silencing of TEM8 may serve as an effective method of treating NSCLC.


The interfaces and microstructures in molecular‐beam epitaxy grown iron and silver films on GaAs(001) have been investigated using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Stacking faults were observed in silver films deposited directly on the GaAs (type A films: Ag(500 A)/GaAs), but not in those which included a six monolayer Fe prelayer between the Ag and the GaAs (type B films: Ag(500 A)/Fe(6 ml)/GaAs). The introduction of this prelayer reduces the misalignment between the Ag film and GaAs substrate lattices and leads to improved epitaxial quality. In a third structure, which retained the prelayer but to which was added an overlayer of iron (type C films: Fe(500 A)/Ag(500 A)/Fe(6 ml)/GaAs), stacking faults were once again found. With the Fe layer between the Ag film and GaAs substrate (type B and C films) the (001) plane of Ag was parallel to the (001) plane of the Fe film and the (001) plane of GaAs substrate but with the Ag lattice rotated 45° about the [001] axis relative to the substrate. ...


Parking search time is a key factor in evaluation of the efficiency of parking facility operation and management. This study introduced an optimization algorithm to demonstrate the feasibility of minimizing the parking search time of daily commuters on urban university campuses. An activity-based model was developed to assess the variation in parking search time due to different classroom assignment methods. This model was able to investigate the effect of different arrival and departure conditions as well as different parking search methods. The campus of the University of Akron, in Akron, Ohio, was selected as a case study to show the reduction of parking search time under a variety of conditions by using the proposed optimization approach. According to the results, with this approach parking demand can be efficiently distributed and search time can be effectively reduced by about 20%.


Theoretical and experimental studies compared the abilities of volumetric and gravimetric dispensers to dispense accurately fissile and fertile fuel particles. Such devices are being developed for the fabrication of sphere-pac fuel rods for high-temperature gas-cooled light water and fast breeder reactors. The theoretical examination suggests that, although the fuel particles are dispensed more accurately by the gravimetric dispenser, the amount of nuclear material in the fuel particles dispensed by the two methods is not significantly different. The experimental results demonstrated that the volumetric dispenser can dispense both fuel particles and nuclear materials that meet standards for fabricating fuel rods. Performance of the more complex gravimetric dispenser was not significantly better than that of the simple yet accurate volumetric dispenser.


Test the hypothesis that the catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles towards a liquidphase
or mechanoactivated multicomponent reaction can be tuned by visible light and the shape of
nanoparticles.

Catalytic multicomponent reactions have been proven to be excellent synthetic
approaches to a series of biologically relevant compounds including 2-amino-4H-benzo[b]pyrans.
However, the potential photocatalytic activity and structural diversity of nanostructured catalysts
remained underutilized in the design of new catalytic systems.

Harness the photocatalytic potential and diverse morphology of TiO2 particles as catalysts
for the liquid phase and mechanoactivated multicomponent organic reactions.

Catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles towards multicomponent synthesis of 2-amino-4Hbenzo[
b]pyrans is increased by visible light. The nanorod-shaped TiO2 nanoparticles have shown
substantially higher catalytic activity towards mechanoactivated multicomponent synthesis of 2-
amino-4H-benzo[b]pyrans than their spherically-shaped counterparts.

: An efficient methodology for the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-benzo[b]pyrans under
ambient light condition has been developed using TiO2 nanorods (high aspect ratio anatase
nanocrystals) as photocatalyst. This simple method furnished the corresponding terahydrobenzopyrans
in high yields via three component reaction of aldehyde, malononitrile, and dimidone under solvent
free reaction conditions at room temperature. The reaction takes 8-10 min at room temperature under
ambient light condition and the catalyst can be reused multiple times. Utilization of light and the
nanorod morphology of the catalyst through mechanoactivation has been applied for the -first time to
the synthetic technique of multicomponent reactions. The synthetic procedures for 2-amino-4Hbenzo[
b]pyrans have been improved.


Abstract: As a material carrier contributing to human survival and social sustainable development, the ecological environment is declining in its integrity and overall health. With the rapid development of society and economy, it is currently very necessary to carry out ecological security evaluation research to provide scientific guidance and suggestions for the construction of ecological civilization and the harmonious co-existence between man and nature. Taking Altay region as the research area, this paper collected and integrated regional geological, geographical, cultural, socio-economic, and statistical data, as well as previous research results. Combined with DPSIR and EES framework model, the evaluation index system of land resource ecological security in Altay region was constructed by using the analytic hierarchy process, entropy method and linear weighted summation function method. Using this index system, the evaluation research work was carried out to determine the current state of the security situation and the major threats which should be addressed. (1) The overall ecological security situation of Altay region was relatively safe, while the local ecological security situation was relatively fragile. Among them, the areas with safe and safer ecological environment accounted for 38.72%, while the areas with critically safe status accounted for 30.83%, and the areas with a less safe and unsafe environment accounted for 30.45%. In terms of spatial characteristics, the areas with unsafe ecological environment were mainly distributed in the west and east of the study area, while the areas with good ecological environment were distributed in the north of the study area. (2) Large-scale mining activities, frequent geological disasters, large-scale reclamation and long-term cultivation of arable land, and long-term large-scale grazing activities resulting in the destruction of grassland and vegetation were the main factors leading to the prominent ecological security problems of land resources in the Altay region. Therefore, in the process of the continuous development of the urban economy, we should pay more attention to the harmony between man and nature, and also actively and effectively advocate and implement certain policies and measures, such as returning farmland to forest, returning grazing land to grassland and integrating the mining of mineral resources.


A characterisation procedure is described to locate stable operating points of a GCSR laser. The characterisation algorithm reduces the characterisation time of a GCSR laser from days to 30 minutes. Any wavelength in the tuning range of the laser is available. The laser can then be used to meet any wavelength/frequency plan e.g. ITU G692. This algorithm was applied to a GCSR laser and 38 nm tuning was obtained from 1566.57 nm to 1528.66 nm (191.5 THz to 196.25 THz). The accuracy was better than /spl plusmn/ 3GHz.


The present paper states with the Adaptive Noise Cancellation (ANC) of speech signal corrupted with additive Gaussian white noise. A new method is proposed based on adaptive Kalman filtering. The probabilistic approach of kalman filters over a packet-delaying network given the postpone distribution and decide the minimum required buffer length and algorithm has been used for estimation of unknown state variables within the system. Any work has been achieved for structures with fractional-order dynamics. The new techniques based totally at the kalman filter proposed within the beyond, function in steps: first the noise variance and the parameters of the signal version is estimated and secondly the speech signal expected. The strategies provided inside the paper gives an exclusive method consequently it does not require estimation of the noise variance. The noise variance estimation is always will become part of the kalman advantage calculation. The results of the application of Kalman filter on a non-stationary acoustic signal indicated that SNR of the ∼ 1.17 dB and MSE`0.032 can be achievable using Kalman filters and Kalman filter can be efficiently used for noise cancellation in place of other adoptive filters.


Study on the adsorption activity and thermodynamics characteristics of nitrobenzene by resin H-103,HZ-816,JX-101 and HZ-818 was carried out through static experiment.And the optimum adsorption condition by resin HZ-816 was determined through dynamic experiment.After treatment,the concentration of nitrobenzene in the effluent decreased from 1800 mg/L to 2.5 mg/L.The process is cost-saving,easy and simple to handle,well-absorbed and can be put into practice in industry.


The invention relates to an arrangement of two components (1, 11), wherein at least the first component (1) is produced by die casting and comprises a recess (2) in which at least one section (5) of the second component (11) is adjustably guided, wherein at least one side wall (3) of the recess (2) is provided with a mold release bevel. According to the invention, the side wall (3) is provided with a region (6) adjacent to the mold release bevel, and the region (6) is provided with a linear surface compared with the mold release bevel. The section (5) is guided between the region (6) and the linear counter surface (4).


Background: Because healthcare professionals are well versed in patients' fundamental rights and obligations, people are growing more worried about their ethical behavior. The accusations regarding unethical behavior and the rise in legal action against healthcare providers frequently reflect this. Threats and intimidation directed at healthcare workers have also increased recently. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of healthcare ethics among healthcare professionals in Winneba Municipal Hospital and Trauma and Specialist Hospital in Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and a qualitative research approach. The research design used offered a deeper understanding of the experiences, phenomena, and settings under study while addressing the "what," "how," and "why" of the research questions. The interpretive approach was chosen as the research's epistemological stance because it emphasised how unique humans are from the material world and how research methodologies should reflect this distinction. Results: This study identified ethical issues bordering on areas of communication, decision-making, confidentiality, and professional duty as key themes for ethical reflection. It explored the experiences of healthcare professions in different fields of practice within the clinical context. The study also identified strategies for improving knowledge and adherence to ethical codes regarding the profession, which are education, routine orientation, workshops and retraining programmes. Conclusion: Despite the commendable efforts of health professionals in adhering to healthcare ethics, policy-makers in the healthcare arena of Ghana such as the Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Service and the Association of Health Administration and Support Services should gear health policy towards enhancing staff-patient relationship. Keywords: Healthcare professionals, patients' fundamental rights and obligations, unethical behaviour, ethical reflection, Ethical codes and Communication.


This paper investigates the firm-main bank relationship in a sample of Italy's SMEs. The findings suggest that banks lend to SMEs via different lending technologies. These results support the hardening-of-soft-information view, whereby also transactional lenders might somehow use difficult to codify qualitative information – traditionally believed a prerogative of relational banks – on borrowing enterprises. However, the soft information lowers (raises) the probability of rationing if the firm's main bank uses relationship (transactional) lending technologies. Thus, the way the soft information becomes embodied in the lending decision might still differ between relational vs. transactional banks.


In order to realize close-range measurement, a miniaturized bionic compound-eye system was developed and the design principles of the system structure and parameters were introduced. Besides, the calibration and three-dimensional measurement algorithms were investigated. First, the platform for calibration and measurement was built based on imaging characteristics of the compound-eye. Three kinds of camera calibration methods, including Zhang's method, the direct linear transformation method and Tsai two-step method, were carried out to calibrate the central sub-eye. By comparing the experimental results, it was determined that Tsai two-step method with high precision and accuracy was suitable for the calibration of the compound-eye system presented. Then, to solve the problem that the edge sub-vision axis was not perpendicular to the image sensor, a new distortion model that effectively improved the edge sub-eye calibration accuracy was proposed. Finally, a multiple sub-eye detection model was established, and its impact on the compound-eye camera measurement accuracy were discussed, from which it was determined that three sub-eye condition had better accuracy and stability than the two-eye. Experimental results indicate that the relative error of the compound eye three-dimensional detection system is about 2% when the object distance ranges from 150?260 mm, and this system could achieve the instrument miniaturization and basic close-range measurement.


The work focuses on issues of renewable energy sources and their share of electricity production in the Czech Republic. It also discusses the current expansion of photovoltaic power plants and costs that are associated with them. Further work focuses on practical construction of this plant, including its financing, and subsequent use in terms of profit generation.


Abstract This article focuses on the theme of the family secret as literary genre, motif, and structure in the work of the contemporary French author Gisèle Fournier. Following a triaxle scheme, the article analyzes the particular polyphonic writing of the secret and the unspeakable, and explores the long psychological process of the victims as depicted in Fournier's writings. In addition, the study situates Fournier's oeuvre in the same tradition as two of the most prominent contemporary French authors, Marie NDiaye and Laurent Mauvignier.


We read with interest the comments by Azad et al. (1) on our recently published article (2). They have raised a concern about the use of a BODIPY-polymyxin B (BODIPY-PMB) fluorescent conjugate for examining the uptake of polymyxin B into renal epithelial cells and questioned the suitability of this probe for our study. We agree with Azad et al. that some domains of BODIPY-PMB might be altered from those of the unconjugated polymyxin B molecule. However, we have no reasons to believe that these alterations would compromise our experimental design or affect the overall conclusion of our study. It is well established that the binding of polymyxins with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the bacterial outer membrane involves the interaction between polymyxin's free diaminobutyric acid (Dab) residues and the lipid A moiety of the LPS. However, this interaction pathway is exclusive to Gram-negative bacteria. Generally speaking, the mechanisms of drug uptake are not comparable between bacterial and renal epithelial cells (3). We agree with Azad et al. that conjugation of polymyxin B with a BODIPY fluorophore through the Dab residues might hinder its interaction with the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Thus, BODIPY-PMB might not be suitable for conducting efficacy studies or for testing the penetration of polymyxin B into bacterial cells, which is, however, beyond the scope of our paper. Our rationale for using BODIPY-PMB conjugate in our study was based on a careful review of the literature. BODIPY fluorophores are commonly used to generate various fluorescent drug conjugates to examine the uptake and transport dynamics of their native drug molecules into mammalian cells (4–6), including megalin-mediated uptake (7). Thus, we think that the use of BODIPY-PMB in our study was justifiable. The overall objective of our study was to study the mechanism of polymyxin B uptake into renal cells. BODIPY-PMB was initially used as a screening tool in view of logistic convenience. Key experimental findings were further validated using unconjugated polymyxin B (USP); intracellular polymyxin B1 concentrations were assayed using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method (8). The results obtained using unconjugated polymyxin B were consistent with our findings from the experiments performed using BOPIPY-PMB. This enhanced our confidence in the appropriateness of the use of this probe in our study. Furthermore, our study conclusion was consistent with that of a recently published study examining the uptake of colistin in renal cells (9). In conclusion, we believe that BODIPY-PMB was a reasonable screening probe for our experimental design. We also believe that the findings from this study have enhanced our knowledge of the mechanism of polymyxin B uptake into renal cells, which is crucial for understanding its mechanism of nephrotoxicity.


This paper describes the concept of MCE-202 "MultiNA", a new microchip electrophoresis system for DNA / RNA analysis. MCE-202 "MultiNA" realizes high-throughput and cost-effective analysis with originally developed reusable microchips and reagent kits. Application data for Norovirus detection and meat identification are also presented.


When the myth was employed for the purpose of religious politics, the O~ptoJI 1 became the Roman Empire or its head, while the dragon became the world-opponent of God,2 and further applications to contemporary history, e.g. in the present case to Herod's persecution of Jesus and to the flight from Pella, were natural. Upon the other hand, no attempt to explain chapter xii. has much chance of success, if it does not recognize that the oracle is more than an allegorizing version of history or an exegetical construction of Old Testament texts or a free composition of the author, and also if it does not recognize the danger of modern scholarship attempting to give an unnatural precision to what in the nature of the case was often vague and undefined tradition.


Many biogeochemical functions involve bacteria utilizing solid substrates. However, little is known about the coordination of bacterial growth with the kinetics of attachment to and detachment from such substrates. In this quantitative study of Vibrio sp. 1A01 growing on chitin particles, we reveal the heterogeneous nature of the exponentially growing culture, comprised of two co-existing subpopulations: a minority replicating on chitin particles and a non-replicating majority which was planktonic. This partition resulted from a high rate of cell detachment from particles. Despite high detachment, sustained exponential growth of cells on particles was enabled by the enrichment of extra-cellular chitinases excreted and left behind by detached cells. The "inheritance" of these chitinases sustains the colonizing subpopulation despite its reduced density. This simple mechanism helps to circumvent a tradeoff between growth and dispersal, allowing particle-associated marine heterotrophs to explore new habitats without compromising their fitness on the habitat they have already colonized.


This study aims to analyze differences in profitability before and after the acquisition. The profitability ratios used in this study are the ratio of GPM, NPM, OPM, ROA, ROE and EPS. The population in this study is a manufacturing company that made acquisitions in 2014. The sample of this study was determined by purposive sampling so that a sample of 4 companies was obtained. The analytical method used in this research is the ANOVA test. The results showed that only the ROE ratio had a difference after the acquisition. While the ratio of GPM, NPM, OPM, ROA and EPS there is no significant difference before and after the acquisition. The results of the study indicate that the economic objective of the acquisition, namely to obtain synergies, was not achieved.