Cupriavidus necator JMP134(pJP4) is able to grow on 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB), a model chloroaromatic pollutant. Catabolism of 3-CB is achieved via the expression of the chromosomally encoded benABCD genes and the tfd genes from plasmid pJP4. Since passive diffusion of benzoic acid derivatives at physiological pH is negligible, the uptake of this compound should be facilitated by a transport system. However, no transporter has so far been described to perform this function, and identification of chloroaromatic compound transporters has been limited. In this work, uptake experiments using 3-[ring-UL-14 C]CB showed an inducible transport system in strain JMP134, whose expression is activated by 3-CB and benzoate. A similar level of 3-CB uptake was found for a mutant strain of JMP134, defective in chlorobenzoate degradation, indicating that metabolic drag is not an important component of the measured uptake rate. Competitive inhibitor assays showed that uptake of 3-CB was inhibited by benzoate and to a lesser degree by 3-CB ; and 3,5-dichlorobenzoate, but not by any of another 12 substituted benzoates tested. The expression of several gene candidates for this transport function was analysed by RT-PCR, including both permease-type and ABC-type ATP-dependent transporters. Induction of a chromosomally encoded putative permease transporter (benP gene) was found specifically in the presence of 3-CB or benzoate. A benP knockout mutant of strain JMP134 displayed an almost complete loss of 3-CB transport activity. This is to our knowledge the first report of a 3-CB transporter. INTRODUCTION Degradation of aromatic and chloroaromatic pollutants is a well-documented feature of some environmental bacteria. Several aerobic pathways have been characterized for the degradation of compounds of this kind (Reineke, 1998). These biochemical pathways have been elucidated under laboratory conditions, when bacteria grow in a homogeneous medium of defined composition and are provided with relatively high initial concentrations of substrate (usually .1 mM). However, when these compounds are found in the environment, they usually appear in an uneven distribution, as many contaminants tend to be adsorbed by organic particles, resulting in low amounts of available compound in the aqueous phase. For efficient use of these compounds as carbon sources, chemotactic and transport functions must be present in bacteria with catabolic potential. Chloroaromatic acids can be produced as intermediates of the degradation of several chlorinated molecules of higher molecular mass, and may accumulate as end products (Harwood & Parales, 1996). These polar compounds do not diffuse readily through membranes at physiological pH, i.e. when …


Poor outcomes are reported in young people with chronic health conditions. We performed a retrospective notes review of New Zealand paediatric liver transplant recipients transferred to adult services. Two patients were lost to follow up. Out of 20, 12 were non‐adherent, and out of 12, 7 developed rejection. Other risk behaviours were common in the non‐adherent group. We conclude that dedicated services for these young people may be needed to optimise outcomes.


It is becoming a generally shared opinion that personality affects Human-Computer interaction in the two directions. On one side, computers show a personality in their style of communication, which is perceived by the users and can influence their usability according to whether it is similar or complementary to the user personality. On the other side, it has been shown that 'even the most superficial manipulations of the interface are sufficient to exhibit personality, with powerful effects' (Nass et al, 1995); these effects are going to grow considerably with the diffusion of agent-based interaction. Personalities in human-computer interaction have been characterised, in prevalence, in terms of the 'Big Five' structure, and the aspect that has been investigated with more frequency, among these five orthogonal factors, is the 'extraversion' (dominance/submissiveness) dimension of interpersonal behaviour (Nass et al, 1995; Dryer, 1998; Ball and Breese, 1998). Other 'extrarational' attitudes that have been proven to affect communication are humor, flattery, blaming and politeness (Fogg and Nass, 1997; Moon and Nass, 1998; Nass, Moon and Carney, in press ). The prevailing interest for these aspects of graphical or agent-based interfaces concerns their 'observable expression', that is the way personality traits and emotions manifest themselves in a natural or artificial agent: wording choice and speech characteristics in natural language messages, facial expression and body gestures or movements (Dryer, 1998; Breese and Ball, 1998 and many more contributions in the same Proceedings). The purpose of these Projects is, on one side, to generate, in life-like agents, personality-rich behaviours; on the other side, to recognise similar behaviours in other agents, such as the user. The way that the behaviour of personality-rich agents is programmed is by defining 'activation rules', either in a logical form (Binsted, 1998) or in conditions of uncertainty (Ball and Breese, 1998); these rules define how agents react to a context-driven and/or to an internal emotional or personality state by showing some form of behaviour.


Mathematical simulations were used to evaluate an iterative, regularized matrix approach to the recovery of composition depth profiles from ARXPS data containing 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9% noise. The iterative inversion was intended to remove unphysical negative concentration values from the depth profile and to provide some degree of profile sharpening at layer interfaces. It was found that while this procedure worked effectively on data containing just 1% noise, its efficacy diminished as the level of noise increased. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Teachers are the most important actors in the adoption of the multicultural education approach in schools. Determining the multicultural competence perceptions of teachers will enable the development of practices that can be put forward to create a multicultural education environment in classrooms and therefore schools. The purpose of the current study is to determine the multicultural competence perceptions of classroom teachers and preschool teachers and to examine them according to the different variables. The study was carried out in a survey model suitable for quantitative research methods. The measurement tool was applied to 283 teachers working in a city center and its districts located in the Marmara Region. The data were analyzed and interpreted with the SPSS package program. The multicultural competence perceptions of the teachers differed statistically significantly according to the branch, having students from different cultures in the classroom, working in different regions of the country, the region where he was born/raised, and the working year. There was no significant difference according to the educational status related to multicultural education


This article examines the ideologies employed to justify violence by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) in northern Uganda, while basing themselves on biblical texts from the Old Testament. The article observes that the LRA have used the Bible to justify their violent actions which have left the social structures in Acholi-land broken down. It engages in two major questions: 1. How does the LRA interpret particular Old Testament texts? And, 2. Is there anything in the Old Testament texts that facilitates the LRA's interpretations and applications? Having conducted an exegetical analysis of 'frequently'-echoed texts, I conclude the article by observing that the LRA's understanding and use of biblical texts do not exist in a vacuum and that the texts are open to violent interpretation, especially when they seem to sanction violent acts. I then close the article by questioning how biblical scholars and theologians can safeguard against the harmful application of biblical texts such as that employed by the LRA.


Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and may case an undesirable effect on the growth and development in children. There have been several reports about the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children, but reports about malnutrition in a large number of healthy children are quite limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of likelihood of malnutrition in Japanese healthy children. We retrospectively reviewed data of height and weight at a regular health check in 7517 healthy children (age 3 - 17; 3747 boys, 3770 girls) during 2008 and 2010 in Nara city, Japan. The data were evaluated using Waterlow classification, i.e., weight-for-height (W/H) and height-for-age (H/A). The prevalence of under-nutrition, as estimated by the values of W/H less than 90% and H/A less than 95%, were 20.1% and 8.3%, respectively, and this prevalence of malnutrition risk tended to vary substantially with age. The peak levels of the prevalence were found to be at around 12 years old for both sexes in W/H, and at around 11 years old for boys and at around 10 years old for girls in H/A. We have clearly demonstrated the existence of certain percentages of the likelihood of malnutrition at different ages in healthy children. These findings suggest that when we want to evaluate the nutritional status using Waterlow classification in hospitalized children, we should be careful by taking such reference values into account.


According to the randomness of the size and direction of steel cord conveyor belt fault,an algorithm based on Gabor and image fusion is proposed to detect the steel cord conveyor belt fault.The mean and variance of steel cord conveyor belt image with regular texture structure is calculated.The image is filtered by Gabor in the multi-scale and multi-direction respectively.By comparing the response of different filter with the mean response of this image,characteristic difference information can be obtained,and it is normalized.The different channels of the normalized characteristic difference information are carried out for data fusion,a complete characteristics image is synthesized by means of the weighted average.Fault region detected is extracted by threshold segmentation,achieving the detection of steel cord conveyor belt fault.Results show that the method is simple and feasible,the recognition ability is strong through the detection of four kinds of typical conveyor belt fault.


After sequential extraction of the surface and subsurface soil of contaminated and clean phaiozem, the speciation distribution and bioactivity of heavy metals in surface-subsurface of different sites were studied. Results indicated that the species distribution of heavy metals in clean phaiozem was residue bound to organic matters bound to Fe-Mn oxides bound to carbonates exchangeable fraction. Pollution occurring would change the general distribution trend and increase the exchangeable fraction percentage. The bioactivity of four heavy metals based on assessment of bioavailability and mobility index were cadmium copper zinc lead. The ingravescence pollution would increase metal bioactivity and soil leachability. Down movement and high bioavailability of metals would appear in the subsurface soil. Considering with the increasing concentration and bioactivity, cadmium and lead in the two contaminated sites had threatened safety of agricultural production and groundwater.


The fact of having already encountered something encourages future preference, a phenomenon known as the mere exposure effect (MEE). There is a widely accepted view that recognition inhibits the MEE. Here this view is contested and the generality of the findings upon which it is based questioned. New evidence is presented from a systematic investigation of the moderating influence of recognition memory on the MEE, using brand logo stimuli and methods that make the results directly applicable to marketing practice. It is shown that recognition, whether correct or mistaken, enhances, rather than inhibits, the likelihood of preference. C


A field experiment was carried in Bakura and Zaria in the sudan savanna agro-ecological zone to evaluate downy mildew resistance in some pearl millet using Complete Randomized Block Design. Four resistant varieties (PEO5532, SOSATC88, P1449 and DMR15) and four susceptible varieties (BDP1, MOP1, LCIC9702 and PEO5984 were used as male and female respectively. The resistant varieties were crossed with the susceptible varieties using North Carolina design 11.Sixteen (F1) hybrids obtained were evaluated along with their parents for downy mildew resistance, grain yield and other agronomic traits. Combining ability revealed that, majority of the characters are under the control of non-additive gene action. Combinations were obtained from parents with the following general combining ability (i e, High x High, High x Low, Low x High and Low x Low parents). Among the resistant parents, PEO5532, P1449 and DMR15 were excellent general combiners for all the traits. The cross MOP1 x SOSATC88 was the best specific combiner for grain yield while the best specific combiner for Downy mildew incidence was MOP1 x P1449 and for downy mildew severity were BDP1× DMR15 and PEO5984× P1449 while BDP1 x SOSATC88, LCIC9702 × DMR15 and PEO5984 ×SOSATC88 have the best specific combine ability for earliness, yield and downy mildew severity respectively. The crosses with best specific combine ability for earliness, downy mildew incidence and downy mildew severity were MOP1 x PEO5532 and PEO5984 × PEO5532. Crosses BDP1 x SOSATC88, LCIC9702 × DMR15 and PEO5984 ×SOSATC88 were recommended as the good specific combiners for earliness, yield and downy mildew severity respectively.


Stream quality determination in a watershed can be quite expensive and time consuming. Stream health can be determined without the field visit but with proper and reliable geospatial data and tools. Watershed Habitat Evaluation and Biotic Integrity Protocol (WHEBIP), developed at Cornell University, would help researchers to determine the stream health in a watershed through a stream integrity rating scale. The stream integrity rating scale uses a 12-point watershed physical parameters analyses to get the quality of the stream. The parameters are: 1) land-use along the stream, 2) average width of riparian belt, 3) riparian canopy continuity, 4) presence of wetlands, 5) active agriculture, 6) forest or brush presence beyond the stream bank, 7) upstream riparian vegetation, 8) upstream forest and brush, 9) watershed land gradient, 10) point source pollution, 11) presence of roads, and 12) conservation activity in the watershed along the stream. These physical features were analyzed to determine the stream health of the 12-digit HUC West Fork Little River (WFLR) watershed with the use of several geospatial data such as landuse classified aerial photograph or digital ortho quarter quadrangle (DOQQ) map, road layer, DEM to provide the slope gradient layer. A geospatial model was developed in ArcGIS 9.3 ModelBuilder to automate the process so that each physical parameter scaling (a point value) could be determined through the geospatial analysis of the GIS layers. The model finally summed up the points for each parameter and provided a total score for a stream. Thus, the automated model was used to find the stream integrity scale of all other stream segments in the WFLR watershed. Finally, Jenk's Natural Break algorithm was used to classify all the stream segments in the watershed into five different stream health groups of very low to very high using the scores. The benefit of this study is that the entire process is an automated method to know the stream health of a watershed without direct visit to the field or any costly water analysis.


................................................................................................................................................ II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ III AUTHORSHIP ..........................................................................................................................................VII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................................................... VIII 1.0: INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 1 2.0: BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE NSF'S SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM......................................................... 5 2.2: FACING THE PROBLEMS............................................................................................................. 8 2.3: KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS , AND ABILITIES .......................................................................................... 10 2.3.1: Theory & Application ........................ .................................................................................. 10 2.3.2: The Current Resources Working with KSAs ..... ................................................................... 12 2.4: ALL EYES ON ACADEMIA ........................................................................................................ 12 2.4.1: Graduate Quantity and Quality ............... ............................................................................ 12 2.4.2: Universities' Variation in Efforts .................................................................................... 14 2.5: USEFUL APPROACHES AND EXPERIMENTATION............................................................................ 16 2.6 NSF STUDY ON SFS PROGRAM .................................................................................................19 2.7: E-GOV INSTITUTE SECURITY CONFERENCE.................................................................................. 24 2.8: SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 26 3.0: METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................................. 27 3.1: INVENTORY KSAS................................................................................................................... 29 3.1.1: KSA Data and Methods within Previous Studies ................................................................. 29 3.1.2: Obtaining KSA Information from IT Certificat ion Bodies......................................... ............... 30 3.1.3: KSA Needs of Agencies....................... ................................................................................. 31 3.1.4: KSAs Offered by Universities ................ .............................................................................. 32 3.1.5: KSAs in Graduate Resumes ......................................................................................... 33 3.2: DEFINE KSA CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES......................................................................... 33 3.2.1: Obtain KSA Main Categories and Subcategories f om Professionals................................ 33 3.2.1: Develop Subcategories from Knowledge........ ..................................................................... 36 3.3: DEVELOP A CONSENSUS ON THE CATEGORIES.............................................................................. 37 3.4: DEVELOP A MECHANISM TO DEMONSTRATE CONCENTRATION COMPARISONS................................. 38 3.4.1: The Matrix Structure....................................................................................................... 38 4.0: RESULTS & ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................... 40 4.1: INVENTORY KSAS................................................................................................................... 40 4.1.1: KSAs in Previous Studies.............................................................................................. 40 4.1.2: KSA Information from IT Certification Groups ................................................................... 41 4.1.3: KSA Needs of Agencies....................... ................................................................................. 42 4.1.4: KSAs Offered by Universities ................ .............................................................................. 44 4.1.5: KSAs in Graduate Resumes ......................................................................................... 45 4.2: DEFINED KSA CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES...................................................................... 47 4.3: DEVELOP A CONSENSUS.......................................................................................................... 48 4.4 MECHANISM TO DEMONSTRATE CONCENTRATION COMPARISONS................................................... 49


In classical treatises of the Chinese painting,the term buzhi does not only mean 'arrangement', but also involves with many other aspects of the Chinese art.Through 'making scenary' or 'making illusion', the Chinese painters created marvelous spectacles beyond the nature.Against the actual scenary,the Chinese landscape painting is illusory landscape between reality and imagenary.This is just the spirit of the Chinese art.


In the present study an attempt has been made to study the use of electronic information resources (EIRs) which include internet resources, web resources, CD-ROM databases, e-journals/databases in general and their impact on library users, further examines in detail the extent of awareness of EIRs among PG students at University of Agriculture Sciences (UAS), Dharwad.


The paper discusses association with focus in Ngamo (West Chadic, Afro-Asiatic). We present evidence from this non-Indoeuropean language in favour of Beaver & Clark (2008)'s claim that different kinds of focus-sensitive el- ements interact with the meaning of focus in different ways, namely conventional association with focus vs free association. We show that exclusive particles (only) in Ngamo, as in English, conventionally associate with focus. (Scalar-) Additive particles (also, even), by contrast, do not pattern like their English counterparts: Same as Q-adverbials, they are more free in their association behaviour, and can also associate with non-focused elements under certain conditions.


Objective: To establish a computerized 3D visible model of the temporal bone and explore the functions of the model. Methods: The model based on Virtual Chinese Male No.1 was reconstructed with PC Using the 3-D doctor software. The distances from the midpoint of the posterior edge of the internal auditory canal (IAC) to the root of the common body crus or to the tip of the jugular bulb were measured in the model. Results: The model can distinctly show petrous internal carotid artery(ICA),sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb, all trunks of Ⅶ and Ⅷ cranial nerve, bone labyrinth,internal auditory canal,external acoustic meatus,processus condylaris of the mandible,tympanic cavity and the part of pharyngotympanic tube. The distances mentioned previously were about 7.0mm and 10.3mm respectively. Conclusions: The visible models of bone labyrinth, all trunks of Ⅶ and Ⅷ cranial nerve can be obtained based on our dataset. It is useful to measure distances between different anatomical structures.


To develope the nonpublic ownership of economy the regulations and stipulations of economy must be improved,the competing rules must be rationalized,the civil financial body must be healthified and the quality of the nonpublic ownership of economy must be elevated.


CAIOLA M.G. 1975. A light and electron microscopic study of blue-green algae growing in the coralloid roots of Encephalartos altensteinii and in culture. Phycologia 14: 25-33. ERASMUS D.A. 1978. Electron Probe Microanalysis in Biology. Chapman and Hall, London. GRIFFITHS D.J., THINH L.-V. & WINSOR H. 1984. Crystals and paracrystalline inclusions of Prochloron (Prochlorophyta) symbiotic with the ascidian Tri didemnum cyclops (Didemnidae). Botanica marina 27: 1 17-128. HOROBIN R.W. 1982. Histochemistry. Gustav Fi scher, Stuttgart, New York. JENSEN T.E. 1978. Paracrystalline inclusions in var ious isolates of the blue-green bacteria Nostoc and Anabaena. Cytobios 22: 179-190. JENSEN T.E. 1984. Cyanobacterial cell inclusions of irregular occurrence: systematic and evolutionary implications. Cytobios 39: 35-62. JENSEN T.E. & BOWEN C.C. 1970. Cytology of blue green algae. II. Unusual inclusions in the cytoplasm. Cytologia 35: 132-152. MONNERON A. 1966. Utilisation de la pronase en cytochimie ultrastructurale. J. Microscopie 5: 583596. MONNERON A. & BERNHARD B. 1966. Action de certaines enzymes sur des tissus inclus en epon. J. Mi croscopie 5: 697-714. PICKETT-HEAPS J.D., TIPPIT D.H. & ANDREOZZI J.A. 1978. Cell division in the pennate diatom Pinnu laria. I. Early stages in mitosis. Bioi. Cellulaire 33: 71-78. PRINGSHEIM E.G. 1963. Farblose Algen. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. PuESCHEL CM. & PARTHASARATHY M.V. 1984. X-ray microanalysis of phytoferritin in Constantinea (Cryptonemiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 23: 465469. REYMOND O.L. & PICKETT-HEAPS J.D. 1983. A rou tine fiat embedding method for electron microscopy of microorganisms allowing selection and precisely orientated sectioning of single cells by light micros copy. J. Microscopy 130: 79-84. SPECTOR D.L. & JENSEN T.E. 1977. Fine structure of Leptogium cyanescens and its cultured phycobiont Nostoc commune. The Bryologist 80: 445-460. THORSCH J. & ESAU K. 1983. Nuclear crystalloids in sieve elements of Boraginaceae: a protein digestion study. J. Cell Sci. 64: 37-47. VOLKER H., SCHWEISFURTH R. & HIRSCH P. 1977. Morphology and ultrastructure of Crenothrix poly spora Cohn. J. Bacteriol. 131: 306-313.


Background: The distinction on patient protection in health care arena, few organizations has evaluated the extent to which safety is a strategic precedence or their culture chains patient protection. Patient safety, we conducted an efficient assessment of safety. Objective: To provide Critical Review of the Level of Perspectives' Towards Work Risks among Health Care Providers, Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at selected setting, Saudi Arabia. Self-administered questionnaire was provided to 100 health Care Providers, Saudi Arabia. in the research setting based on their area of their specialties to assess the level of perspectives' towards Work Risks among Health Care Providers, Saudi Arabia. Results: This study showed that Perspectives' towards Work Risks among some health Care Providers, Saudi Arabia. The majority (46.3%) of the health Care Providers, Saudi Arabia. had a high level of perspectives' towards Work Risks in relation to Work Risks "in relation to only contact with skin) washing with usual detergent is enough". Furthermore, (46.3%) of the health Care Providers, Saudi Arabia. had a high level of perspectives' towards Work Risks Blood spills should be cleaned up at the appointed time with sodium hypochlorite" On the other hand Concerning the Intermittent Level of Perspectives' Intermittent Level of (19.3%) of the health Care Providers. While, the lowest level of Perspectives' towards Work Risks in relation to Blood spills should be cleaned up at the appointed time with sodium hypochlorite "Although, concerning the Intermittent Level of Perspectives' the highest level was towards Work Risks in relation to Entire precautions are not necessary in situations that might lead to contact with saliva"" was showed higher rate (8.4%). Conclusions: The current study results revealed that there were high levels of Perspectives' among Health Care Providers, Saudi Arabia.


The underlying purpose of this study is to survey the approaches to the teaching of children's literature among professors in schools of library and information science. Interest in sharing such information has been expressed by the Teachers of Children's Literature Discussion Group, Association of Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association, and members of the Children's Literature Association. Organized research seemed an appropriate framework for exploring and comparing methodology.


In recent years, thanks to the dawn of big data, the substantial improvement in computing power, and breakthroughs in algorithm research, artificial intelligence has developed rapidly, and remarkable progress has also been made in its application in medicine. In the field of respiratory medicine, the auxiliary diagnosis of lung cancer is currently the topic on which medical artificial intelligence is the most studied. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the diagnosis procedure of lung cancer, and comprehensively summarizes the application of artificial intelligence in the segmentation and detection of pulmonary nodules, classification of benign/malignant pulmonary nodules and intrathoracic lymph nodes, classification of lung cancer pathological images, and lung cancer prognosis analysis.
In addition, the application of artificial intelligence in other respiratory diseases such as COVID-19, pneumothorax and pleural effusion is briefly introduced. In summary, artificial intelligence is widely used in the auxiliary diagnosis of respiratory diseases, and has a great potential to become a valuable assistant to respiratory physicians in the near future.


Introduction. Adherence to medical prescriptions is one of the most important components of treatment and prophylaxis programs in the older age group. In recent years, it has been considered as an independent risk factor for the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) [1,2]. A group of elderly and senile patients is one of the most difficult in terms of non-adherence to treatment, which occurs in more than half of patients with CHF [3,4]. In old age, a number of diseases contribute to the development of CHF, while CHF itself is also the cause of many diseases and their complications, which leads to redundancy of medical prescriptions [5]. Unreasonable concomitant administration of many drugs increases the risk of unwanted drug interactions[6]. Currently, the data on the contribution of socio-economic factors to treatment adherence are mixed. However, it has been shown that low levels of education and wages, lack of work and social support, unstable housing conditions, remoteness from a health care facility, and high cost of drugs contribute to reduced adherence to treatment [6,7].


Abstract : The report is intended to provide a broad overview of a Base Operating Support Contract (BOSC) for facilities operations and maintenance in a medium size public works activity under the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM) of the Department of the Navy, BOSC are part of facility support contracts and are used to perform all base facilities operations and maintenance support functions. BOSC are currently being used by NAVFACENGCOM in a number of naval installations to improve response on public works services and to reduce costs. According to the Department of Defense's Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), privatizing base support functions could free money at a time when the services will need to begin funding major Research and Development (R&D) projects for new and modem equipment for the services. By hiring civilian companies to perform ordinary duties, a cost reduction of one-third of the total budget for base functions is estimated. The JCS estimates private companies could run military bases for twenty-five (25) to thirty (30) percent less than it costs the military.


Recently, solutions to the $nonlinear$ Bohm-Poisson equation were found [2] with cosmological applications. We were able to obtain a value for the vacuum energy density of the same order of magnitude as the extremely small observed vacuum energy density, and explained the origins of its $repulsive$ gravitational nature. In this work we show how to obtain a value for the vacuum energy density which coincides $exactly$ with the extremely small observed vacuum energy density. This construction allows also to borrow the results over the past two decades pertaining the study of the Renormalization Group (RG) within the context of Weinberg's Asymptotic Safety scenario. The RG flow behavior of $ G $ shows that $ G $ $increases$ with distance, so that the magnitude of the repulsive force exemplified by $ - G < 0 $ becomes larger, and larger, as the universe expands. This is what is observed.


The study was carried out to determine the influence of sweet potato peels and cashew nut shell supplemented with Ocimum gratissium leaves, using growth indices and blood constituents by goats. Eighteen goats with an average weight of 8.11 kg and aged between 8 and 9 months old were allotted to three dietary treatments with six animals per treatment in a complete randomized design. The compared diets which comprised combination of sweet potato peels and cashew nut shell with concentrate respectively were in different ratios which included diet I (30:25:45), diet II (25:30:45) and diet III (20:35:45). Each goat also received 8 grams of Ocimum gratissium leaves as supplement in the diet. The results showed that average feed intake (6.42 kg) and fed conversion ratio (2.15) were highest in diet I and significantly different from other diets. Diet II had the highest significant (P 3/L), lymphocytes (56.01%), monocytes (1.06%), total protein (7.65 g/dl), albumin (3.58 g/dl), globulin (4.07 g/dl) and triglyceride (2.29 mmol/L). White blood cell (7.01 × 103/L), neutrophils (49.82%), cholesterol (42.34 mmol/L), creatnine (1.59 mg/dl) and urea (18.29 mg/dl) were (P < 0.05) best in diet III, whereas initial bodyweight, average daily weight gain, eosinophils and basophils were not significantly different (P < 0.05). It is concluded that diet II has the potential to enhance growth rate and blood constituents of goats.


Burgess J.W. Raby, Esq., and William L. Raby, CPA, of the Raby Law Office, Tempe, Ariz., examine the limitations on obtaining late refunds under the courts and discuss situations that tax practitioners should be familiar with.


Environmental policy instruments have an impact on the incentives to invest in environmental R&D and this link should deserve careful consideration when introducing new instruments. Some authors argue that environmental taxes and tradable permits have rather comparable impacts on environmental R&D but we think that only very specific conditions do lead to this kind of conclusion. If we broaden the perspective by integrating elements from the Industrial Organisation literature and depart for Pigouvian settings, a market-driven approach would link the incentive to invest in new technologies to the market potential offered by the policy instruments. If taxes turn out to be very expensive for the polluting or emitting industries, we can assume that these targeted firms would be more interested to invest in new - emission reducing - technologies than in cases where the chosen policy instrument will lead to a very limited cost. We therefore developed a dynamic model that enables to compare the incentives on environmental R&D resulting from taxes, emission trading, voluntary approaches and subsidising environmental R&D. We do not claim to capture all relevant market interactions, but our findings confirm the intuition that environmental taxes have a clearly different impact on environmental R&D compared to emission trading.


The structure of the referent image is represented in terms of organized conceptual categories of language and non-language types. Particular character of categories is identified by means of analyzing direct and indirect nominations of the referent image. The article describes the structure of referential, modal and language categories which construe the nominal referent image.


s 395 neurologic events included 2 major and one minor stroke (11%). Transient spinal cord ischemia with full recovery was observed in 2 patients (7%). One myocardial infarction required medical treatment (4%) and 2 renal function impairment (7%) were depicted. Early (<30 day) re-interventions (11%) were performed to treat one access complication, one left ventricle false aneurysm suspicion and one limb ischemia. During follow up (median 12 months), 1 patient (4%) died from a remote TAAA rupture. Two type 2 (7%) and one type 3 endoleaks (4%) were depicted. During follow up, 2 (7%) reinterventions were performed to treat the type 3 endoleak and a septic aortic false aneurysm. Conclusion: The outcomes associated with this new technique are favourable when the procedure is performed in experienced centres. Branched endografting of arch aneurysms should be considered in patients unfit for open surgery. Long-term Survival after TEVAR depends on Indication for Surgery, and is Shorter than Expected after Ruptured Thoracic Aneurysm T. Hellgren, A. Wanhainen, M. Björck, K. Mani Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University


Abstract A total of 50 breeding bird species were recorded in 2017 in an urban environment (589 ha) in the city of Wrocław, SW Poland. This environment was dominated by green habitats, such as allotment gardens (41.2%), parklnds (13.4%) and forests (2.7%). For 41 species, population densities were estimated. A high population densities were recorded for Phoenicurus phoenicurus (9.2 pairs / 100 ha), Sylvia atricapilla (7.3), Turdus merula (6.6), Phoenicurus ochruros (6.3), Luscinia megarhynchis (5.3.), Sylvia curruca (4.1) and Serinus serinus (3.7). In the alltment gardens, much higher population density of Pica pica (14.5) than Corvus cornix (6.5); and higher population density of Columba palumbus (2.8) than Streptopelia decaocto (1.2) were recorded.


Swedish researchers with specific interests in European Market law – IPR, competition and marketing law – join forces to review recent Swedish legislative enactments and case-law developments of particular European interest in national Swedish Courts or the Court of Justice of the European Union ("CJEU"). This volume also includes comments on general EU developments from a Swedish perspective.


This paper summarizes Domain Name System (DNS) integrations from the IETF, IRTF, ICANN, W3C, CAB Forum, blockchain namespaces, and decentralized application communities to raise awareness of the many parallel DNS integration efforts with a goal to bring these communities together -- perhaps at a future BoF -- to consider the development of best practices for responsible DNS integrations. Doing so would enable current and future applications to have clear paths to integrate responsibly with the DNS namespace while helping them to avoid unintended consequences that may lead to complications for both the DNS and integrating applications.


The radio interference is one of the important electromagnetic environment parameters for UHV DC transmission line. This paper validates the radio interference calculating formula of DC transmission line recommended by CISPR though measured data from three 500 kV DC transmission lines that have been built in China. The radio interference from plusmn800 kV Yun Guang UHVDC transmission line with different types of conductors, height of conductors above the ground ,and different space between anode and cathode line is calculated using CISPR's formula. It is concluded that the radio interference level of plusmn800 kV Yun Guang UHVDC transmission line should be limited in 55~58 dB(muV/m), and the conductor section of line should be chosen 5times720 or more.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Late-onset retinal degeneration is a rare autosomal dominant macular dystrophy. Microperimetry changes have previously been reported in late-onset retinal degeneration. The aim of the study is to validate microperimetry as a platform for longitudinal patient follow-up. Results may prove useful not just clinically but for potential future late-onset retinal degeneration treatment trials. Purpose: To understand the baseline and longitudinal microperimetry characteristics in foveal-sparing atrophic late-onset retinal degeneration. Method: Prospective, cross-sectional, longitudinal study in which patients from the retina clinics of two academic teaching hospitals were included. Mesopic microperimetry was performed using a Nidek MP-1 micro-perimeter. Mean total, foveal, inner ring, and outer ring sensitivities were analyzed. Results: A total of 20 eyes from 10 patients had baseline data. The subset of 10 eyes from five patients had follow-up data. The mean baseline macular sensitivity was 10.02 dB (± 5.26) with findings showing symmetry between both eyes. In the follow-up cohort, there was a significant loss of outer ring (0.83 dB per year; P = 0.0001), inner ring (0.67 dB per year; P = 0.034), and foveal sensitivity (0.92 dB loss per year; P = 0.015), whereas the mean sensitivity decreased significantly (0.66 dB per year; P = 0.0008) at 4-year follow-up. The drop in mean sensitivity was associated with significant increases in the number of deep scotoma points (6.20, P = 0.037) and a decrease in the number of normal points (−6.30, P = 0.022). Conclusion: Microperimetry is a useful tool for macular function follow-up to measure disease progression in late-onset retinal degeneration.


Irene Emery was one of America's leading authorities on ancient fabrics and textiles before her death in 1981. Her studies led her to become increasingly concerned with the haphazard and confusing terminology for describing fabrics in a precise way, and she began serious study of this problem at the Laboratory of Anthropology Santa Fe in 1947, and later at the textile museum in Washington D.C. This book is a result of these studies, recognised as a classic when first published in America. The book's essential strength is its universality: for the first time a definition of the actual structural make up, of fabrics and their component parts is clear and accessible to all, whether the purpose of study is an aspect of design, history, or cultural significance and whatever its scope chronologically or geographically. The structures, and the descriptive terms applied to them, are clearly presented according to their logical relationships to each other, generally moving from the simplest to the most complex. Illustrated with specially constructed and photographed examples, this monumental work is divided into three parts: the raw materials of fabric structures, the fabric structures themselves, and the structures - such as stitches or applique that are accessory to fabrics. The result is a book for all handweavers, craftworkers, industrial designers, art and textile historians, anthropologists and archaeologists.


The data obtained from the 2016 Deep-Sea Lebanon Expedition provided a wealth of information about deep-sea benthic communities along the Lebanese coast. This information provides a scientific foundation for the development of a plan to manage and protect vulnerable ecosystems, habitats, and species in Lebanese waters, in the face of current and future threats. This plan should be developed in line with the relevant Action Plans developed by UNEP-MAP RAC/SPA, with measures being developed to protect VMEs within GFCM fisheries, and with Lebanon's legal obligations to protect species listed on Annex II of the SPA/BD Protocol of the Barcelona Convention. One critical element of this plan will be the declaration of new MPAs under the framework of a Lebanese network of MPAs. These areas may be designated to protect important geological features (e.g., submarine canyons), habitats, or community types, in order to ensure the coherence and connectivity of marine protection in Lebanese waters, and to help safeguard the natural corridor of the Eastern Mediterranean basin.


Design concepts for self-tuning knowledge-based controllers are studied. To accomplish this, two interacting rule-based controllers are constructed for supervisory control and system optimization of a gasoline catalytic reformer. The knowledge bases incorporate human operator experience and basic engineering knowledge about the process dynamics. Inference is provided by a fuzzy logic engine. After manual tuning of the controller scaling coefficient is accomplished, a crisp heuristic is developed for self-tuning. The performance of the self-tuning controller is tested against perturbations of a simulation model of the catalytic reformer. >


Angle random walk(ARW) is a significant specification of FOG(Fiber Optic Gyro) and one of the critical error sources in INS(Inertial Navigation System).To recognize the effect of ARW on system accuracy thoroughly,propagation characteristics of navigation errors caused by ARW are investigated from the point of view of statistics.Analytical expressions for the standard deviation of navigation errors caused by ARW are developed by considering system errors owing to ARW as the output of the INS stimulated by incorrelate random pulse series.Computer simulation is made to validate the correctness of these expressions.The simulation result indicates that the theoretical expressions are used to describe propagation characteristics of navigation error caused by ARW well.The analytic expressions will help quantify to what extent ARW degrades the system accuracy over any time interval and for any one gyro.This is valuable to system performance evaluation,error analysis and design.


This paper extends a previously-introduced method for automatic classification of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) across several datasets from live sites. We used the MetalMapper sensor, from which extrinsic and intrinsic parameters are determined by the combined Differential Evolution (DE) and Ortho-Normalized Volume Magnetic Source (ONVMS) algorithms. The inversion provides spatial locations and intrinsic time-series total ONVMS principal eigenvalues. These are fit to a power-decay empirical model, providing dimensionality reduction to 3 coefficients (k, b, and g) for polarizability decay. Anomaly target features are grouped using the unsupervised clustering Weighted-Pair Group Method with Averaging (WPGMA) algorithm. Central elements of each cluster are dug, and the results are used to train the next round of dig requests. A Naive Bayes classifier is used as a supervised learning algorithm, in which the product of each feature's independent probability density represents each class of UXO in the feature space. We request ground truths for anomalies in rounds, until there are no more Targets of Interest (TOI) in consecutive requests. This fully automatic procedure requires no expert intervention, saving time and money. Naive Bayes outperformed previous efforts with Gaussian Mixture Models(GMM) in all cases.


This study examined the meaning and the effects of ethical leadership in police organization. Ethical leaders should be both moral person and moral manager and ethical leadership could be defined, in accordance with Brown et al.(2006), as the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making.
Based on prior researches, ethical leadership was hypothesized to influence followers' job satisfaction and their organizational citizenship behavior. Ethical leadership was measured using 10-item Brown et al.(2005) measure of ELS, job satisfaction using the Russel et al.(2004) measure of JIG, and organizational citizenship behavior using the Smith et al.(1983) measure of OCB.
Statistical analysis was implemented with 390 questionnaires out of 750. The results are as follow. 1) The level of Senior Superintendents' ethical leadership behavior was assessed by their followers(Inspectors & Assistant Inspectors) to be narrowly above the middle. 2) Ethical leadership influences positively followers' level of job satisfaction. 3) Ethical leadership also affects positively followers' organizational citizenship behavior directly and indirectly.


We report on our recent results on metal-dielectric-metal microcavities with small effective volume for enhanced light matter interaction. These periodic sub-wavelength structures cover only 25% of the surface and yet absorb more than 80% of the impinging radiation, thanks to a near field mechanism. By inserting within these microcavities quantum wells we were able to attain the ultra-strong light matter regime.


An experimental investigation was made of a gyrotron utilizing a relativistic supervacuum electron beam (electron energy 320 keV and current 1.2 kA) in the form of pulses of 30 nsec duration. The space charge of the beam was compensated by a plasma generated earlier. This gyrotron emitted the expected TE/sub 13/ microwave mode of lambda=3 +- 0.1 cm wavelength and 60 MW power. The efficiency of conversion of the electron-beam energy into microwave radiation was 15%. The dependence of the microwave radiation power on the plasma density was determined.


Objectives: The paper documents a comparative analytical study of the two prominent De Novo Algorithms (DNA) namely Velvet and SSAKE, both are being pipelined by CloudRS. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The Research process conducted in this project primarily utilized Next-Generation Sequencing data results. These data sets were further error corrected by pipelining them with CloudRS. Upon error correction, the data sets were assembled separately by VELVET and SSAKE; the data from the analysis were then analyzed as per the mathematical results produced in order to statistically compare the two algorithms for a similar environment. Findings: On assembling the error corrected genome, the data produced sets of values. These values were tabulated and noted in order to ensure effective comparison. The values being compared were the N50 and corrected lengths of the assembled genes. The general genome analysis comparison metrics were then utilized to compare the documented data. This showed that a higher N50 value with a better assembled error corrected length read ensured more effectiveness of an algorithm. This result allowed for the first comparison between two prominent DNA algorithms, which hadn't been compared before, to ensure better understanding Applications/Improvements: The applications of these results are endless, primarily, to ensure that work which involves assembled genome reads proceed with the utmost effectiveness. Any further improved algorithms, if created down the line, can aid in improving the entire process of the same. Thus, in the uniqueness of the results lies the novelty of the entire project.


Governments are altering how they operate to enhance the provision of public services, be more successful and efficient in their plans, and accomplish goals such as greater transparency, interoperability, and citizen pleasure. There are, however, limited studies about how public sector managers are currently identifying digital transformation in their own day-to-day practices, how they are implementing digital transformation projects, and what their expected results are, aside from the reports provided by consulting firms. The aim of this article is to present a case study in order to gain an understanding of the current expectations that public managers have regarding the implementation of digital transformation projects, as well as the outcomes that they anticipate these projects will produce. A qualitative analysis was conducted based on experts who were involved in digital transformation projects with a thorough understanding of government decisions and in-depth knowledge of execution procedures. Based on the results derived from interviews, this paper aims to support managers in examining the barriers of digital transformation in the public sector in order to improve this process.


The notions of atoms of observability, observable and partly-observable events and statistics are introduced. The role of partial observability in statistical inference is discussed and illustrated by examples.


Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging architecture that provides high flexibility by separating forwarding functions and network logic. The programmability feature of SDN makes network management efficient. However, centralized nature of the controller poses security threats to the SDN environment. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is the most popular cyber-attack which can cause economic loss due to network disruption. Thus, the design of a DDoS detection system that can detect attacks accurately in an SDN environment is an important research issue. Most of the work carried out in the literature on DDoS attacks detection is based on the benchmark datasets created for the Internet. However, there is a need to work on SDN datasets due to their unique features. In this work, we consider three SDN datasets for classifying DDoS attacks. We use three deep learning modules namely Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The performance of the models is measured using model accuracy and model loss. Results reveal that LSTM performs better than MLP and CNN for all three SDN datasets.


Background and Purpose. Electrical current has been recommended for use on chronic pressure ulcers; however, the ability of this modality to improve healing of other types of chronic ulcers is less well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC) on healing of chronic leg ulcers. Subjects. Twenty-seven people with 42 chronic leg ulcers participated in the study. Methods. The subjects were separated into subgroups according to primary etiology of the wound (diabetes, arterial insufficiency, venous insufficiency) and then randomly assigned to receive either HVPC (100 microseconds, 150 V, 100 Hz) or a sham treatment for 45 minutes, 3 times weekly, for 4 weeks. Wound surface area and wound appearance were assessed during an initial examination, following a 1to 2-week period during which subjects received only conventional wound therapy, after 4 weeks of sham or HVPC treatment, and at 1 month following treatments. Results. The results indicated that HVPC applied to chronic leg ulcers reduced the wound surface area over the 4-week treatment period to approximately one half the initial wound size (mean decrease 44.3%, SD 8.8%, range 2.8%-100%), which was over 2 times greater than that observed in wounds treated with sham units (mean decrease 16.0%, SD 8.9%, range 30.3%-83.7%). Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that HVPC administered 3 times a week should be considered to accelerate wound closure of chronic leg ulcers. [Houghton PE, Kincaid CB, Lovell M, et al. Effect of electrical stimulation on chronic leg ulcer size and appearance. Phys Ther. 2003;83;17–28.]


Currently, many studies in the field of robotics are devoted to solving various problems of the movement of wheeled mobile robots. One of the problems is to realize the movement of a wheeled mobile robot in the external environment from one point to another, avoiding accidental obstacles in its path. Typically, such robots are equipped with sensors, so a mobile robot, as a rule, is able to perceive the obstacles that arise. A mobile robot control system to avoid obstacles and reach the finish along an undefined route using fuzzy controller is propose in this article. The designed system is implemented in the environment of "MATLAB Simulink and Fuzzy Toolbox", in which three sensors are used to measure the distance and the angle of orientation of obstacles. The proposed controllers allow us to solve the problem of laying the trajectory and avoiding obstacles of the robot to ensure its movement to the target. The simulation results are presented by a feasibility study and an assessment of the effectiveness of fuzzy controller.


In the great, the only and eternal culture clash, which man has always fought, the fight between the seekers and those,who believe to have found , he embodies the direction restlessly striving for knowledge (Erkenntnis). Omar Khayyam is the Aryan, who does not want to go under in the dogma and the tradition of Arabianess so prevalent in his country at the time. 400 years of Islam ' s rule had not sufficed to eradicate the Indo-German spirit of Persian-ness. ⁷⁷


Opioid prescriptions have risen exponentially in the United States (US) and Canada over the past two decades. Between 1999 and 2011, prescriptions of oxycodone in the US increased by almost 500% [1] and those of hydrocodone nearly doubled. The overall opioid prescribing rate peaked and leveled off between 2010-2012 and has been declining since 2012. However, the amount of opioids (in morphine milligram equivalents) prescribed per person is still approximately three times higher than it was in 1999 [2]. In Canada, prescription opioid analgesics (POAs) increased in all provinces from 2005 to 2011 [3]. More than 90% of licit morphine is used by roughly 20% of the global society, primarily in the US, Canada, Germany and Australia, and approximately 66% of the world's population have almost no access to opioids, despite having a high disease burden from conditions and illnesses known to cause pain [4]. Increased access to POAs in the US and Canada has done more than treat pain–it has spurred a regional epidemic of opioid-related deaths. It is worth pointing out that this public health emergency has complex origins and outcomes [5]; for example, the current torrent of illicit fentanyl-related deaths is primarily a product of illicit fentanyl. But, for some who are currently using illicit fentanyl, the opioid journey started with POAs to treat pain, and ultimately transitioned to illicit narcotics.


ABSTRACT In this paper, detailed investigations on the reduction characteristics and kinetics mechanism of Russian high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite pellets under gas atmospheres of CO–CO2–N2 and CO–N2 at 873 K–1173 K were made, and comparisons of the atmospheres were researched. It was found that the reduction temperature and gas atmosphere have great effects on pellet reduction at this temperature range, and the reverse reduction appeared uniquely for some time after 2 h reduction in the CO2-bearing gas atmosphere. The reduction was further researched with crushing strength tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and SEM microscopic examination, and results showed that the cause of the change in crushing strength, the phase transformation patterns, and microstructures were consistent across both atmospheres. For the CO–CO2–N2 gas atmosphere, the controlling step was predominantly the interfacial chemical reaction with the reaction activation value of 38.01 kJ/mol at the initial stage. This gradually became mixed control of the interfacial chemical reaction and gas internal diffusion through the solid product layer, with the reduction proceeding with 23.55 kJ/mol before 120 min. However, the controlling step became irregular after 120 min. For the CO–N2 gas atmosphere, the rate controlling step was predominantly the interfacial chemical reaction with 31.41–38.27 kJ/mol at the initial stage, after which the rate controlling mechanism was the mixed control with 17.97–19.33 kJ/mol until 180 min mark.


Objective Discuss, Argatroban in treatment of acute cerebral infarction clinical curative effect and its possible mechanism. Methods 56 patients with acute progressive cerebral infarction were randomly divided into treatment group, argatroban(the treatment group, 26cases) and routine treatment group(control group, 30cases). Treatment group was given intravenous drip, Argatroban, began to 2 days, 60 mg daily, continuous intravenous drip, the following 5 days, 20 mg daily, morning and evening each once, after 7 days give aspirin, Ozagrel sodium, in accordance with edaravone in treatment, etc. Control group don't have to, argatroban, other are the same as the treatment group. NIHSS score of two groups of treatment for 14 days, and watch the blood coagulation function index changes and adverse reactions during the observation period treatment. Results 14 d after treatment of neural function defect score than before treatment in both groups were improved(P0.01).The treatment group neural function defect score significantly lower than the control group(P0.01). Treatment group patients with nerve function defect score reduction value is significantly higher than the control group(P0.05). In the two groups had no obvious adverse reactions.Conclusion Application in argatroban of acute progressive cerebral infarction treatment is safe, effective.


We have begun to reassess late tissue effects available from the Charged Particle Cancer Radiotherapy program at Berkeley. Our quantitative approach is limited in the analysis of these Phase I/II studies by not having equivalent patient numbers for each of the particle beams studied, by not having completely comparable follow-up times, by variations in the sizes of the fields compared, by variations in the skin scoring photographic documentation available from the patient charts, and by variations in the fractionation sizes, numbers and schedules. Despite these limitations, preliminary evidence demonstrates acute skin reactions with a shift to increasing lower dose per fraction per field for the maximum skin reactions of helium, carbon and neon ions compared to electrons. Comparisons with skin reactions from low-energy neutrons indicate that Bragg peak carbon ions (initial energy 308 MeV/nucleon) are slightly less effective than 7.5 MeV neutrons. Bragg peak neon ions (initial energy 670 MeV/nucleon) corrected for differences in reference radiation are slightly more effective than 7.5 MeV neutrons. Bragg peak silicon (initial energy 670 MeV/nucleon) result in an enhanced acute skin reaction, and a premature appearance of late effects that may indicate a significantly different mechanism of damage and/or repair.


In a previous paper, the writers recognized occasional nematode infection in some scattered rice fields, and identified Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw. and. M. javanica (Treub) Chitw. as the incitants of the disease. The former was found to be generally distributed in all surveyed localities, while the latter was found only within Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. The symptoms and galls produced by each species were similar and growth of infected plants was considerably reduced, as determined by fresh and dry weight, number and vigour of roots and tillers. This paper reports investigations on the life cycle and the effect of the parasitizing larvae of M. incognita on the invaded tissues of rice roots.


Forest fires are an important factor of the global carbon cycle and high latitude ecosystems. Eastern Siberian tundra, summergreen larch-dominated boreal forest on permafrost and evergreen spruceand pine-dominated boreal forest have characteristic fire regimes with varying fire frequencies and intensities. However, it is unknown which role fire plays in climate-vegetationpermafrost feedbacks and how high-latitude fire regimes and ecosystems will change in a warmer world – questions that are crucial considering that boreal and permafrost regions have been identified as tipping elements in the climate system (Lenton et al., 2008, PNAS).


Dust storm in Korea on March 21—22,2002 is studied using the satellite remote sensing data,weather charts and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.Results show that Mongolia was the initial source of the dust storm influencing Korea,where it occurred between high pressure and cold front.The dust storm occurred in central Mongolia on March 19—20 and affected Korea on March 21.The maximum concentrations of PM10 were 2778.2 μg/m3 in Korea,but strong wind made it rapidmy pass away.


In this paper a control scheme in the task space is presented for a 3DOF Electro-Pneumatic Platform and Servo-visual System. The control scheme is based on the measurement of system task space state. The control system considers two loops in cascade, an internal loop solving the robot's joint control and an external loop the task space control. A stability analysis is developed under the conditions that it is possible to approximate the dynamic effect of the internal loop as an external loop time delay. To illustrate the proposed controller, the control system stability and its performance, experimental results using a 3DOF pneumatic parallel robot and servo-visual system are presented. Experimental results confirm the expected step response in the task space. The control scheme presented opens a new research field in the task space control with algorithms for the solution of, trajectory control and feed-forward control.


The appearance of quantum groups in conformal field theories is traced back to the Poisson-Lie symmetries of the classical chiral theory. A geometric quantization of the classical theory deforms the Poisson-Lie symmetries to the quantum group ones. This elucidates the fundamental role of chiral symmetries that quantum groups play in conformal models. As a byproduct, one obtains a more geometric approach to the representation theory of quantum groups.


The paper deals with acoustic noise in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) with tooth concentrated armature windings. In particular, the noise emitted by this kind of motors is investigated with reference to high-torque low-speed applications. In these cases, due to the high number of poles, the stator yoke is usually thin and it is characterized by low natural frequencies that could lead to undesired amplifications of mechanical resonance phenomena. The paper analyzes the effects of variations of stator yoke thickness on vibrations and noise emitted by the machines. The aim is to investigate the relation between noise emission and stator yoke thickness without any other variation of the machine configuration. The analysis is led by the mathematical model of PMSM, used to characterize analytically the time behavior of the radial forces that excite the machine vibrations; FEM analysis and numerical extrapolation of the machine acoustic response are performed by the software "Manatee".


This paper mainly analyzes the previous research results of the effects of non-financial indicators on listed valuation both in foreign countries and in China.The research divides into three parts: corporate governance,listing process,and market environment.Combining the research results from past researchers,this paper provides a reference for the structure of valuation for the listing companies.


Theory suggests that effective real-time decision-making in classrooms requires teachers to have flexible access to rich and well-organised knowledge of effective teaching practices. Yet prior research on the role and importance of procedural knowledge has been equivocal. This exploratory study used a new video measure of procedural knowledge to examine relationships with observed classroom quality, and establish which opportunities to learn (qualifications, professional development, classroom experience) predict greater knowledge. It focused on preschool teachers' knowledge of oral language pedagogy, on the basis that early language provides the foundation for children's later learning. The sample comprised 104 teachers participating in a wider RCT, designed to evaluate a professional development intervention. Teachers were shown two short videos of classroom interactions and asked to identify instances of effective practice. Responses were coded to capture three facets: perceiving (the ability to identify salient language-supporting strategies); naming (the use of specific professional vocabulary to describe interactions); and interpreting (the ability to interpret the interactions observed). The three facets could be empirically distinguished. Explicit and higher-order procedural knowledge (naming, interpreting) most strongly predicted classroom quality. Formal learning opportunities were stronger predictors of procedural knowledge than classroom experience. Intervention effects on classroom quality were mediated by knowledge. Implications for workforce development are discussed.


In beam-like structures and granular media the rotations are usually quite small. Linear generalized continuum models were developed and successfully applied for the modelling of such deformations. But, they do not describe full continuous rotations. The development of generalized continuum models describing not only small oscillations, but full continuous rotations as well is quite challenging and an open problem. This manuscript extends the results by Vasiliev A. A, Dmitriev S. V. Discrete and Multifield Models of a Cosserat Chain: One-Period and Two-Period Solutions. Russian Physics Journal. 59, 961 (2016). We derive and analyse three types of discrete models: i) nonlinear springs model, ii) linearized model with respect to displacement of particles and full sine-dependence of the angle of rotations; and iii) linearized one with respect to both, displacements and rotations. The latter is the discrete analogue of the classical Cosserat model. As a test example, we consider a chain of finite size particles with fixed boundaries in viscous medium with an applied momentum load to the central particle. By employing continuous Cosserat model, we find an approximated stationary solution for the full and reduced discrete Cosserat models. Numerically calculated static deformations of the chain under small momentum loads by using all three models are very similar. Under strong load localized rotation is observed. It is not described by the linear model (iii). Our results indicate the possibility of modelling of localized rotations in the nonlinear model (i) and the model containing nonlinear sine-dependence of the angle of rotation (ii).


Objective: Evaluate knowledge, attitude and routine practice of hand washing of nurses in clinical departments of Thai Binh Children's Hospital in 2020. Method: The study subjects are 174 nurses working in clinical departments; Design a descriptive cross-sectional study, interview nurses to assess knowledge and observe to evaluate nurses' routine hand washing practices. Results: The percentage of nurses with general knowledge of routine hand washing is 87.4%. The rate of nurses who correctly answered the question about the sequence of steps of the routine hand washing process is 87.9%. The percentage of nurses with a positive general attitude about routine hand washing accounts for 88.5%. The rate of nurses with general practice of washing hands is 92.0%. The majority of nurses who practice 6 steps of the routine hand washing process account for the highest percentage at the correct level of 75% (ranging from 76.4% to 80.5%), level of not doing accounts for the lowest percentage (ranging from 0.6% to 1.2%). Conclusions: The proportion of nurses with common knowledge, practice and positive attitude about routine hand washing is quite high. However, there are still a small number of nurses whose knowledge, practice, and attitude are not yet positive that need to be improved to further improve.


Ever brighter light sources, fast parallel detectors, and advances in phase retrieval methods, have made ptychography a practical and popular imaging technique. Compared to previous techniques, ptychography provides superior robustness and resolution at the expense of more advanced and time consuming data analysis. By taking advantage of massively parallel architectures, high-throughput processing can expedite this analysis and provide microscopists with immediate feedback. These advances allow real-time imaging at wavelength limited resolution, coupled with a large field of view. Here, we introduce a set of algorithmic and computational methodologies used at the Advanced Light Source, and DOE light sources packaged as a CUDA based software environment named SHARP (this http URL), aimed at providing state-of-the-art high-throughput ptychography reconstructions for the coming era of diffraction limited light sources.


Deep learning has made various breakthroughs in on cognitions tasks. However, deep learning neural networks, by nature, is not only computation intensive but also memory intensive. Therefore, most of the existing deep learning applications are cloud-based, which then raise the concern of latency, privacy violation, and bandwidth consumption. Due to the trend of exponential growth of IOT (internet of things) devices, deploying deep learning applications to the edge devices is, or soon will be, required for the revolution. It is critical to tune the neural network models to accelerate the execution of deep learning applications on embedded systems. Even with the breakthroughs in the FPGAs or ASICs tailored for deep learning, it is proven necessary to adjust the neural network models for efficient execution. Many studies have been presented in the past few years; however, unfortunately, many approaches are not good fits for industrial productions. For example, while an accuracy loss from 99.9% to 99.0% is a mere less than 1% loss, but from the industrial point of view, it means the error rate grows by at least ten times, which might fail the applications to become mature products for the market. This paper presents recent advancements in neural network models. The compression techniques are categorized into four based on their principles. The first category focuses on reducing the model size. The approaches are mostly known by pruning, quantization, and compression. The second category focuses on speeding up the matrix multiplications. The attempts are made on matrix factorization and filtering. The third category takes advantage of repurposing the models based on domain knowledge. The representative works include knowledge distillation and transfer learning. The last category is of hybrid approaches. We conclude this paper with the discussion of the foreseeable challenges in the industrial applications.


An integrated engineering unit of the CubeSat Ambipolar Thruster (CAT) was tested at power levels up to 43 W. With the incorporation of a closed loop cooling system CAT was able to operate for hours, and steady state measurements indicated that the electrical efficiency was ∼ 50%. Plume oscillations measured with a Langmuir probe showed a maximum peak-to-peak floating potential oscillation of 150 mV and implying that RF compensation of probes is not required. Angular ion current density profiles were measured a various distances downstream of the thruster exit plane, demonstrating the ion current closely follows the magnetic nozzle geometry. A parameter study of the peak ion density and plume divergence half angle was conducted. The peak current density increased and the plume divergence half angle decreased with decreasing propellant mass flow rate, while the peak current density increased and the plume divergence half angle was insensitive to increasing input power. Indirect thrust measurements indicated a thrust improvement over the corresponding cold gas thrust. However, these results are degraded by the prevalence of scattering collisions due to high background pressure during operation. A discussion on considerations for indirect thrust measurements is included. Improvements to the CAT architecture and future experiments are discussed.


In France the Physiocratic doctrines worked in combination with the political and constitutional ideas of the age, to promote that mighty revolution, which was not, as the Physiocrats had expected, effected through the absolutism of the monarchy, but through the absolutisms of the sovereign people, for the radical changes of State and society took hold of everything at once. While the practical tendencies of the Physiocrats were in the direction of changes which, using modern party


The invention relates to a workstation (1) of a winding machine (2). The workstation (2) is used for winding yarns (30) from an unwinding spool (9) to a winding spool (11), and has a holding device (23, 23A, 23B) arranged adjacent to a thread run between the unwinding spool (9) and the winding spool (11) for holding thread loops. The holding device (23, 23A, 23B) has a plurality of collecting elements (43,44,51) arranged at a distance to the thread run, where the collecting elements are turned opposite to a running direction (F) of thread (30).


Currently Africa is the only country that has people getting lesser access to electricity. That lack of electricity access, attracts energy and electricity generator investors; however, shortages on governance in African countries hampers investors. Therefore, exact and efficient planning is really important for those countries. Forecasting and projection is therefore extremely important for Africa, particularly for SubSaharan Region. 5 different countries were considered and for each country, at least 7 forecasts are made. The best result are taken in to account and 5 year long projection is made thereafter. During the study annual observations beginning from 1973 to 2013 are used. Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing, Holt's Method, Linear Regression, Quadratic Regression, ARIMA models including all combinations of p, d, and q changing between 0 to 2. For sure, the data include trend because technology has grown so fast that triggers consumption of electricity. Therefore, almost all time series have trend proporties. In the result, ARIMA and Holt's method together is considered the best models in comparison with others as they had lower error rates. Afterwards, by using IIAG index data, a pool data has been generated in order to investigate the governance effects of each country's electricity consumption. Four main categories are determined and panel data analysis is applied. According to results of countries' effect on electricity consumption and countries' next 5 year's projection has taken into account and used as the input data for AHP in order to find the best alternative for energy investors. In the consequences part, results are interpreted by considering both investors and countries future strategies.


Feature selection facilitates classification learning and can resort to uncertainty measurement of rough set theory. By fuzzy neighborhood rough sets, the fuzzy-neighborhood relative decision entropy (FNRDE) motivates a recent algorithm of feature selection, called AFNRDE. However, FNRDE has fusion defects for interaction priority and hierarchy deepening, and such fusion limitations can be resolved by operational commutativity; furthermore, subsequent AFNRDE has advancement space for effective recognition. For the measurement reinforcement, an improved measure (called IFNRDE) is proposed to pursue class-level priority fusion; for the algorithm promotion, the corresponding selection algorithm (called AIFNRDE) is designed to improve AFNRDE. Concretely, multiplication fusion of algebraic and informational measures is preferentially implemented at the class level, and the hierarchical summation generates classification-level IFNRDE. IFNRDE improves FNRDE, and its construction algorithm and granulation monotonicity are acquired. Then, IFNRDE motivates a heuristic algorithm of feature selection, i.e., AIFNRDE. Finally, relevant measures and algorithms are validated by table examples and data experiments, and new AIFNRDE outperforms current AFNRDE and relevant algorithms FSMRDE, FNRS, FNGRS for classification performances.


Abstract : These environmental guidelines for dike fields consist of environmental objectives, design procedures, and river-specific examples of currently employed environmental features that can be used to maintain or increase fish and wildlife habitat diversity. Design, construction, and maintenance of dikes can alter the water depth, current velocity, and substrate composition to increase habitat diversity of US Army Corps of Engineers waterway projects. Features that can be incorporated into dike fields to increase diversity are notches, low-elevation dikes, rootless dikes, and minimum maintenance practices. Other potential techniques include dredging to remove sediment, disposing of dredged material within the dike field, relocating old notches, placing additional rock, adding artificial reefs, and building control structures in side channel closure dikes. Two case studies--one on the Missouri River, one on the lower Mississippi River--of river response of dike field construction are presented. Aquatic habitat requirements of representative vertebrate species and of aquatic invertebrates in general are given in appendixes.


A 66-year-old man was brought to the hospital after an episode of binge drinking, in which he was found in an unusual position (both arms trapped between the toilet and the sink). During extraction, his son used different manoeuvres, including traction, abduction and flexion of the arms. Muscle strength was reduced, and sensitivity and myotatic reflexes were altered in the upper limbs (table 1).

View this table:

Table 1
Neurological findings in the upper limbs at diagnosis, and following rehabilitation

The lower limb examination was …


This paper discusses the present status of ion source development at KVI. Work is mainly focussed on increasing the beam intensity of the ECRIS injector and to optimize the beam transport and injection into the AGOR cyclotron. The ultimate goal is to deliver a 1 kW beam of heavy ions on target. Recent progress towards this goal is discussed. We also present the first results of beam extraction and transport simulations. In order to test these simulations and to improve the beam matching between ECRIS and cyclotron we have designed and built a new pepperpot emittance meter. Finally, a simple method is described to produce a low-energy 6 Li + beam using an alumino-silicate ion source inside a multicusp source.


velopment of these subdivisions, which were in the canyons or ridges adjacent to these reservoirs, consisted of levelling the lots and preparing roads and building sites. No particular care was taken to compact or prepare the slopes for the rains of the 1951-52 winter season. As a result, many of these unconsolidated fills were thoroughly saturated by early rains and, following a very heavy storm of 6 days in January 1952, the materials flowed downward into the reservoirs as mud. Turbidities at the reservoir outlets rapidly increased from less than 5 units to more than 50 units. Consumer complaints of turbid water more than 3,000 the first week flooded the department switchboards. Since neither Franklin nor Stone Can-


Electron spin resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance was done on amorphous silicon samples (modules with a-Si:H and a-SixGe1-x:H intrinsic layer) to study defects that contribute to Staebler-Wronski effect.


This paper explains the relations between mathematical modeling and computer technology as well as computer simulation.By means of examples,the common computer simulation processing methods are analyzed from the aspects of continuity,discrete determinacy and random nondeterminism.


Review Article: The de thematibus (''on the themes") of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. Translated with introductory chapters and notes by John Haldon, L[Τranslated Texts for Byzantinists, v. 11],Liverpool University Press 2021


In this work the electrochemical degradation of polychlorinated compounds using Co(dmgH)2Cl(py), Co(dpgH)2Cl(py), Co(chgH)2Cl(py) and Co(dbegH)2Cl(py) (where dmgH is dimethylglyoximato, dpgH is diphenylglyoximato, chgH is 1,2-cyclohexanedionedioximato and dbegH is di(4-methylbenzoate)glyoximato) is described. The degradation was studied using cyclic voltammetry by monitoring current changes in the zone near to the Co(II/I) half wave potential as the concentration of the organochloride in the electrochemical cell is increased. Hexachloroethane (HCA) was used as organohalide substrate, while gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), 1,2-dichloroethane, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane were used for comparative studies.  The major dechlorination product of HCA, detected through head space GC-MS experiments after bulk electrolysis, was tetrachlorethylene. The rate constants of the dechlorination processes were estimated using the foot-of-the-wave analysis (FOWA), the values obtained were 1.10×105, 2.59×104, 4.91×104   and 1.83×104 for Co(dmgH)2Cl(py), Co(dpgH)2Cl(py), Co(chgH)2Cl(py)  and Co(dpegH)2Cl(py) respectively.


Hyperadrenocorticism is a rare endocrine disease in the cat; it is characterized by elevated blood cortisol level that generates numerous clinical signs including hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and skin diseases. The average age of onset is around 10 years. This disease usually occurs link with other endocrine disorders such as diabetes mellitus.The disease can be produced by functional alteration of the pituitary gland or the adrenal. A case report, with differential diagnosis and review of the literature, is presented.


Optimization is an important issue in the real world, and most problems can be transformed into optimization problems. However, such stochastic optimization problems are always accompanied by uncertainty, especially in the industries of innovative technologies (i.e., wearable devices and sensors on healthcare), integrated supply chain, and sustainable operations management. Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemics last year, it has become quite difficult for industries to quickly obtain their supplies and optimize their operations. Therefore, a Particle Swarm Optimization Retrospective Approximation (PSORA) algorithm is proposed to solve and validate the problem using a unimodal example and sensitivity analysis. PSORA uses the framework of Retrospective approximation (RA) to iteratively solve a sequence of sample path approximation problems with increasing sample sizes; each sample path problem is solved by the improved PSO algorithm. When the sample size approaches infinite, the improved PSO algorithm solves the sample path problem to approximately identify the real objective function. Our simulation results show that PSORA is robust, and converges quickly. The result of the developed optimal model can provide marginal insights to decision-makers in problem-solving.


ABSTRACT Thousands of affluent, white, young Americans travel overseas each year on mission trips organised by Christian churches and organisations. Like secular study-abroad and gap-year programmes, contemporary short-term missions (STMs) are informed by liberal cosmopolitan discourses that elevate affinities to 'humanity' and 'the world' above attachments to nation and locality. Also like secular overseas programmes, STMs aspire to transform young people by immersing them in 'foreign' places. STMs, at the same time, are motivated by a distinctively Christian ethos of 'witness' and self-sacrifice. Drawing on interviews with youth pastors, mission leaders and young missionaries, this article explores the ways that mission leaders encourage young Christians to engage with and to imagine their place in the world. In addition, it considers the particular contradictions presented by Christian variants of cosmopolitan discourse and practice. Missions are intended to be spiritual experiences in which young people recognise the image of God in every person, no matter how abject. Yet young missionaries learn little about the causes of the poverty they observe. By casting the missionised in the role of authentic foreigners and instruments of spiritual awakening, youth missions reproduce the exploitation that have long characterised American evangelicalism's global engagements.


In previous papers we have studied oscillation properties of Sturm–Liouville problems (−Py′)′ + qy = λry, with λ-dependent boundary conditions, under various 'definiteness' conditions. Here we present a new, unified, approach which also covers cases previously untreated, e.g. of semidefinite weight, and also the fully indefinite problem.


countless monographs, textbooks, and popular histories, have not previously been as deeply or sensitively researched. Triangulating contemporary newspaper accounts and personal letters and diaries with memoirs and early histories of the incidents, Reynolds provides a coherent narrative of the events and, even more importantly, of the ways in which Texans, southerners, and northerners interpreted them. He ably unpacks the motivations and arguments of editors and witnesses whose accusations fanned public belief in the conspiracy and plausibly suggests that the famous letter implicating the northern Methodist minister Anthony Bewley—chased by vigilantes into Missouri, brought back to Fort Worth, and lynched—was actually written by secessionists seeking to whip up public opinion against him. Second, he makes a rational argument for the centrality of these incidents to the radicalization of many southerners during the latter half of 1860. Although he hardly claims that the Civil War would not have occurred without the "Terror," he shows how the supposed uprising rippled through the politics of Texas, the South, and the United States, providing fuel for fire-eaters like Louis T. Wigfall, altering the mindsets of Unionists like John Reagan, and providing gist for the secessionists in Lower South states, especially, who mentioned the events in the declarations they published to explain their votes to secede. As he suggests, "The slave panic could not have come at a worse time for those who loved the Union, or at a better time for those who wished to destroy it" (p. 168). Third, he shows with absolute clarity the shallowness of southerners' vaunted confidence in their slaves' loyalty and contentment and the extent to which southerners' peace of mind required sometimes brutal applications of vigilante justice. Public safety committees, whose elections at town meetings provided a democratic mandate for their actions, were ruthless in following up the wildest rumors and punishing anyone to whom the slightest suspicion was attached. By September, even Texans admitted that many of the committees had gone too far in their persecution of subjects. By then, however, it was too late. Texas Terror is a well-written book with a strong point of view. Although on the surface it suggests that the worst armed conflict in the United States might have been caused by a blundering generation of gossips and propagandists, the book actually shows that the capacity for southerners to believe the wild stories out of Texas reflected the deep moral, emotional, and political divisions between the North and the South that led ultimately to civil war.


The amphibian olfactory system undergoes massive remodeling during metamorphosis. The transition from aquatic olfaction in larvae to semiaquatic or airborne olfaction in adults requires anatomical, cellular, and molecular modifications. These changes are particularly pronounced in Pipidae, whose adults have secondarily adapted to an aquatic life style. In the fully aquatic larvae of Xenopus laevis, the main olfactory epithelium specialized for sensing water‐borne odorous substances lines the principal olfactory cavity (PC), whereas a separate olfactory epithelium lies in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). During metamorphosis, the epithelium of the PC is rearranged into the adult "air nose," whereas a new olfactory epithelium, the adult "water nose," forms in the emerging middle cavity (MC). Here we performed a stage‐by‐stage investigation of the anatomical changes of the Xenopus olfactory organ during metamorphosis. We quantified cell death in all olfactory epithelia and found massive cell death in the PC and the VNO, suggesting that the majority of larval sensory neurons is replaced during metamorphosis in both sensory epithelia. The moderate cell death in the MC shows that during the formation of this epithelium some cells are sorted out. Our results show that during MC formation some supporting cells, but not sensory neurons, are relocated from the PC to the MC and that they are eventually eliminated during metamorphosis. Together our findings illustrate the structural and cellular changes of the Xenopus olfactory organ during metamorphosis. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:986–998, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The interior Dirichlet boundary value problem for the diffusion equation in nonhomogeneous media is reduced to a system of boundary‐domain integral equations (BDIEs) employing the parametrix obtained in Portillo (2019). We further extend the results obtained in Portillo (2019) for the mixed problem in a smooth domain with L2(Ω) right‐hand side to Lipschitz domains and partial differential equation (PDE) right‐hand side in the Sobolev space H−1(Ω), where neither the classical nor the canonical conormal derivatives are well‐defined. Equivalence between the system of BDIEs and the original BVP is proved along with their solvability and solution uniqueness in appropriate Sobolev spaces.


Objective
To analyze and discuss the clinical effect of sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 40 patients with advanced gastric cancer after operation.

Methods
80 postoperative gastric cancer patients who received sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy in our hospital were prospectively analyzed.According to the order of admission, 80 patients were divided into two groups, 40 cases of the control group (chemotherapy) and 40 cases of the observation group (sequential chemotherapy). The clinical effects of the two groups were compared.

Results
In the observation group, 1 year survival rate and 2-year survival rate (77.50%, 47.50%) were higher than those in the control group (50.00%, 25.00%), there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (χ2=19.20, 32.65, all P<0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the control group was 12.50%, which was lower than 30.00% of the observation group, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2=9.15, P<0.05). The mortality rate of the observation group was 32.50%, which was lower than 45.00% of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.29, P<0.05).

Conclusion
Compared with the simple chemotherapy after the operation of gastric cancer, sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy can effectively improve the clinical efficacy, significantly reduce the rate of postoperative metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer, and it is worthy of promoting.

Key words:
Radiotherapy; Chemotherapy, adjuvant; Stomach neoplasms


Among abiotic stresses, high temperature is an obstructive factor in plant growth and physiological activities for sustainable agriculture, worldwide. Chitosan is a bio-based stimulant and may be helpful in reducing adversative effects of temperature stress. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the role of chitosan as high temperature stress regulator in two eggplant genotypes (Black boy and Sandhya) under arid environment. Temperature stress was maintained by delayed planting of eggplant as compared to its optimum planting time. Results showed that foliar application of chitosan has significantly improved the eggplant growth and yield characteristics. The effect of chitosan was more prominent on the genotype Black boy over Sandhya and recovery of plants improved with the increase in its application rate. The maximum yield was obtained in Black boy that was 42% higher to control and 14% to Sandhya at chitosan application of 175 mg L . Application of chitosan also improved the proline content, glycinebetain, total soluble solids and total phenolics accumulation. The late season high temperature stress significantly reduced the linear electron flow and non-photochemical quenching but the application of chitosan significantly improved both these characters. The positive effect of chitosan on plant physiochemical traits was more promising on genotype Black boy over Sandhya. These findings showed that the chitosan can be used as an ecofriendly compound to enhance plants activities under stress conditions.


Rice production worldwide is affected by many biotic and abiotic stresses (Richa et al., 2016). Among biotic stresses, diseases are considered as major constraints for yield as 10 to 30 per cent of the annual rice harvest is lost due to many diseases (Skamnioti and Gurr, 2009). Most common and severe diseases in rice are blast, bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight (Wopereis et al., 2009). Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn [Tel. Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk] has wide geographic distribution and now occurs International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


This study aimed at examining the effect of: (1) handling customer complaints toward consumer loyalty,(2) customer trust toward consumer loyalty, (3) handling customer complaints and customer trust  toward consumer loyalty Gojek to college student Ganesha University of Education. The research design of this study was causal quantitative research. The object of this research were the handling customer complaints, customer trust and consumer loyalty. The subject of this research were college student Ganesha University of Education customer Gojek. The total sampel of this study were 95 people. The data collection of this study were questionnaire and multiple linear regresion analysis. The results showed that: (1)  handling customer complaints has a positive and significant effect toward consumer loyalty, (2)  customer trust has a positive and significant effect toward consumer loyalty, (3) handling customer complaints and customer trust have a significant effect toward consumer loyalty.     Keywords: consumer loyalty, customer trust, handling customer complaints


VOLUME 72, OCTOBER 2003 269 Although more than 40 different species of Dirofilaria exist, only a handful are known to cause human disease. Half of all cases of human dirofilariasis present as nodules in subcutaneous tissue. Exposed areas, especially the hands, frequently are involved. Dirofilaria repens often is found in the subcutaneous tissue near the eye. Nodules may be accompanied by pruritus, pain, or a sensation of movement under the skin. Symptoms of allergic reaction such as fever, urticaria, and edema also may be present. Excisional biopsy is required for a definitive diagnosis and is generally curative. Although some authors have recommended systemic antihelminthic therapy, excision usually is all that is required.1 Rarely, Dirofilaria may be associated with parasitic rheumatism, an arthritis refractory to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Parasitic rheumatism responds to either antiparasitic drugs or excision of the organism.2