K-12 science teachers self-report that 39% of classroom instructional time is devoted to inquiry-based instructional practice, but the quality of this instruction is largely unknown. Current observational protocols seem either too broad by looking at instructional practice in its entirety (e.g., classroom management, instructional practice, assessment), or they seem too specific by considering only one aspect of inquiry-based instruction. Therefore, there was a perceived need to develop a protocol that seeks to look at the major constructs of inquiry-based instructional practice. The resulting protocol assesses 19 indicators aligned with four constructs: Instruction, Curriculum, Assessment, and Interactions. For teachers, EQUIP provides a framework to make their instructional practice more intentional as they strive to increase the quantity and quality of inquiry instruction. For researchers, EQUIP provides an instrument to analyze the quantity and quality of inquiry being implemented, which can be beneficial in evaluating professional development projects. Jeff C. Marshall, Clemson University K-12 mathematics and science teachers report on average that 39% of classroom instructional time is devoted to inquiry-based instructional practice (Marshall, Horton, Igo, & Switzer, In Press). These data provide an understanding of teacher perception, but they do not provide a standardized way to examine the quality of the inquiry-based instruction that is being led. Since perceptions and definitions of inquiry-based instruction vary widely (Anderson, 2002), it is important to be able to clarify what is meant by inquiry-based instruction and provide a solid measurement of the components entailed in this inquiry-based teaching and learning. Informed by insights from multiple educational theories and philosophies (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 1999; Dewey, 1938; National Research Council, 1996), the following definition of inquiry-based instruction will be adopted for this paper: "A student-centered pedagogy that uses purposeful, extended investigations set in the context of real-life problems as both a means for increasing student capacities and as a feedback loop for increasing teachers' insights into student thought processes" (Supovitz, Mayer, & Kahle, 2000, p. 332). By operationalizing inquiry-based instruction, we have provided a foundation to allow us to explore the creation, the validity, and the reliability associated with a protocol, EQUIP (Electronic Quality of Inquiry Protocol), that seeks to measure it. Since our intent was to measure the quality of inquiry-based instruction that was occurring in the classroom, our needs were only partially addressed by any one of these instruments. Therefore, a new protocol was developed that is informed by multiple existing frameworks (Horizon Research, 2002; Llewellyn, 2007; Sampson, 2004; Sawada et al., 2000). A new protocol was necessary, instead of cropping from multiple instruments, so that a coherent framework could be EQUIP: A measure of inquiry instructional quality 2 assembled that allows reliability and validity issues to be addressed consistently (Henry, Murray, & Phillips, 2007). The Electronic Quality of Inquiry Protocol (EQUIP) was designed to provide a framework for evaluating the quality of inquiry-based instruction in science and math classrooms. The instrument was developed around the following instructional factors: usage of time, instruction, curriculum, and ecology/climate of the classroom. Merely encouraging teachers to implement inquiry-based practices is not sufficient. Teacher educators need a tool to assess the quality of inquiry if they are to promote and support inquiry-based instruction in the classroom. Review of Literature Inquiry Instruction In order to measure the quantity and quality of inquiry facilitated in the classroom, we began with an established definition of inquiry, set forth by NSES, to guide our efforts during the development of the instrument. Inquiry is a multifaceted activity that involves making observations; posing questions; examining books and other sources of information to see what is already known; planning investigations; reviewing what is already known in light of experimental evidence; using tools to gather, analyze, and interpret data; proposing answers, explanations and predictions; and communicating the results. Inquiry requires identification of assumptions, use of critical and logical thinking, and consideration of alternative explanations. (NRC, 1996, p. 23) We sought an instrument that would help us understand when and to what degree teachers are effectively facilitating inquiry-based learning experiences. Though some other classroom observational protocols emphasize constructivist-based learning, they generally focus more on overall instructional quality. Our needs called for a research-tested, valid instrument that focused directly on measuring the constructs associated with inquiry-based instructional practices. Although we sought a model for both science and math education, science provided a stronger research base for inquiry-based models and protocols. Consequently, our development process drew more upon the science literature than the math literature. Rationale and Need for EQUIP Protocol In our search for a protocol, we found several instruments that all have significant value. However, none of them fully matched our needs. Inside the Classroom Observational Protocol (Horizon Research, 2002) provides a solid global view of classroom practice. However, in providing such a broad view of instruction, it does not offer the rigorous and granular understanding of inquiry instructional practice that we were seeking. The Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP) (Sawada et al., 2000) focuses on constructivist classroom issues, but goes beyond a look at inquiry-based instruction to more of an evaluation of teaching. Furthermore, the use of a Likert scale to assess classroom instruction was a limiting factor for our needs. We ultimately sought an instrument with a descriptive rubric that can be used to guide teachers and help them set specific incremental targets as they seek to improve their inquiry-based instruction. EQUIP: A measure of inquiry instructional quality 3 The Science Teacher Inquiry Rubric (STIR) (Beerer & Bodzin, 2003) provides a brief protocol that is nicely aligned with the NSES definition. However, it was designed to determine whether stated standards were achieved during instruction; it does not provide insight into the specifics of inquiry that teachers must facilitate with each aspect of inquiry. The Science Management Observation Protocol (SMOP) (Sampson, 2004) emphasizes classroom management issues and the use of time that support effective science instruction. Though appropriate classroom and time management is essential for effective inquiry-based instruction, the SMOP does not assess key components of inquiry-based instruction. Finally, teacher efficacy scales (Riggs & Enochs, 1990) have been used as a measure to predict whether reform is likely to occur. This approach is often used because self-reports of efficacy have been closely tied to outcome expectancy (Saam, Boone, & Chase, 2000). However, instead of focusing on teacher self-reported efficacy, our need was for an instrument focused on explicit, observable characteristics of inquiry that could be reliably measured. Since our intent was to measure the quantity and quality of inquiry-based instruction that was occurring in the classroom from a very granular view, our needs were only partially addressed by any one of these instruments. Informed by the existing frameworks (Horizon Research, 2002; Llewellyn, 2007; Sampson, 2004; Sawada et al., 2000), we developed the Electronic Quality of Inquiry Protocol (EQUIP). Because we wanted a single valid instrument, we decided to create this new protocol with a unified framework, instead of cropping from multiple instruments (Henry et al., 2007). The aforementioned protocols have provided leadership in the area of instructional observation (Banilower, 2005; Piburn & Sawada, 2001). However, these protocols did not meet our professional development objectives. Consequently, we created EQUIP so we could assess constructs relevant to the quantity and quality of inquiry instruction facilitated in science and mathematics classrooms. Specifically, EQUIP was designed to (1) evaluate teachers' classroom practice, (2) evaluate PD program effectiveness, and (3) guide reflective practitioners as they try to increase the quantity and quality of inquiry. Though EQUIP is designed to measure both quantity and quality of inquiry instruction, the reliability and validity issues associated with only the quality of inquiry are addressed in this manuscript. Instrument Development Context of Development As part of a professional development program between a major research university and a large high needs school district (over 68,000 students), we desired to see to what degree science and math teachers were successful in implementing rigorous inquiry-based instruction. The goal of the professional development program was to transform teacher practice toward greater quantity and quality of inquiry-based instruction. While many instructional models could be used as a framework for planning inquiry-based instruction, the program specifically endorsed the 4E x 2 Instructional Model (Marshall, Horton, & Smart, In Press). We know that student achievement increases when teachers effectively incorporate three critical learning constructs into their teaching practice: (1) inquiry instruction (NRC, 2000), (2) formative assessment (Black & EQUIP: A measure of inquiry instructional quality 4 Wiliam, 1998), and (3) teacher reflection (National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, NBPTS, 2006). The 4E x 2 Instructional Model integrates these learning constructs into a single dynamic model that is used to guide trans


People living and working in buildings constructed from natural materials such as sandstone, concrete, calcite, gypsum, marble and granite are exposed to a surplus of background radiation from naturally occurring radioactive materials. The above materials contain naturally occurring radioactive elements such as potassium, radium, uranium, thorium and their progeny, which enhance the contribution to the ambient background radiation levels, consequently increasing the health risk. The unstable and hazardous radionuclides contribute remarkably to the level of background radiation in houses, schools and many other national institute buildings. Radiation levels at various locations were measured on the main campus of the German Jordanian University (GJU), in the area of Mushaqar, South Amman, Jordan. Thermal Lithium Dosimeters (TLD) were placed in 22 offices in different buildings. Subsequently, the radiation doses from the TLDs were estimated, then, the weekly averages and annual doses were calculated. The results indicated that the total background radiation levels ranged between 2 mSv/year to 10.58 mSv/year with an average of 4.62 mSv/year. This average is higher than the background radiation averages for the city of Amman, the Royal Scientific Society (RSS) buildings and the worldwide average dose of 2.4 mSv/year for a human being (ICRP 1990). Furthermore, radiation levels at GJU were higher in the ground floor offices, which is consistent with natural background radiation behaviour in a multi-storey building.


The development,design and manufacture process of forging die was introduced in brief.Aiming at the problems of design and examination often appeared in the manufacture,some solution method was given and applying CAE system software to examine design production was suggested.Combining CAD/CAE/CAM,tools and equipment of dies and electrodes for two kinds of forgings were developed to shorten die development period and reduce die manufacturing costs over20percent.


For a balanced wall crossing in geometric invariant theory, there exist derived equivalences between the corresponding GIT quotients if certain numerical conditions are satisfied. Given such a wall crossing, I construct a perverse sheaf of categories on a disk, singular at a point, with half-monodromies recovering these equivalences, and with behaviour at the singular point controlled by a GIT quotient stack associated to the wall. Taking complexified Grothendieck groups gives a perverse sheaf of vector spaces: I characterise when this is an intersection cohomology complex of a local system on the punctured disk.


digital lexicography; • New directions in cognitive linguistics, demonstrating the relevance of the approach to social, diachronic, neuroscientific, biological, ecological, multimodal, and quantitative studies. The Routledge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics is an indispensable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, and for all researchers working in this area. for the study of natural language. Essentially, this new school of linguistics focuses on the meaning side of language: linguistic form is analysed as an expression of meaning. And meaning itself is not something that exists in isolation, but it is integrated with the full spectrum of human experience: the fact that we are embodied beings just as much as the fact that we are cultural beings. Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings brings together twelve foundational articles, each of which introduces one of the basic concepts of Cognitive Linguistics, like conceptual metaphor, image schemas, mental spaces, construction grammar, prototypicality and radial sets. The collection features the founding fathers of Cognitive Linguistics: George Lakoff, Ron Langacker, Len Talmy, Gilles Fauconnier, and Charles Fillmore, together with some of the most influential younger scholars. By its choice of seminal papers and leading authors, Basic Readings is specifically suited for an introductory course in Cognitive Linguistics. This is further supported by a general introduction to the theory and, specifically, the practice of Cognitive Linguistics and by trajectories for further reading that start out from the individual chapters. Cognitive Exploration Language and Linguistics clearly and organized after several courses various on the Internet). casual acquisition Walter de Gruyter This collection of twelve papers demonstrates that the concepts developed within the Cognitive Linguistics movement afford an insightful perspective on several important areas of second language acquisition and pedagogy. In the first part of the book, three papers show how three Cognitive Linguistics constructs provide a useful theoretical frame within which second language acquisition data can be analyzed. First, Talmy's typology of motion events is argued to constitute the base relative to which acquisition discrepancies in motion events are most valuably investigated. Secondly, the notion of "construction" is invoked in order to account for systematic differences between the native and non-native speakers' use of the English verb get. Finally, frequency and similarity effects are shown to play a crucial part in the learning of prepositions in a second language. The second part of the book shows that the key concepts commonly invoked in Cognitive Linguistics analyses allow language teachers to insightfully structure the presentation of problematic material in the foreign language classroom. These concepts include among others polysemy, the figure/ground gestalt, the usage-based conception of grammar, the radial organization of categories, metaphors, and cultural scripts. The Cognitive Linguistics paradigm has already shown its viability to analyze a wide array of linguistic phenomena. This book establishes its relevance in the areas of second language acquisition and language pedagogy. Its intended public is composed of Cognitive Linguists, Second Language Acquisition specialists, as well as foreign language pedagogy researchers, instructors, and students. Springer This book argues that Second language teaching has not been well served by recent approaches to the description of language content. The book explores how Cognitive Linguistics offers teachers a description of language that can translate into practical classroom activities. provides experimental evidence of the usefulness of applying cognitive linguistics to the teaching of English. Included is a thorough review of the existing literature on cognitive linguistic applications to teaching and cognitive linguistic-based experiments. Three chapters report original experiments which focus on teaching modals, prepositions and syntactic constructions, elements of English that learners tend to find challenging. A chapter on "future directions" reports on an innovative analysis of English conditionals. Pedagogical aids such as diagrams and sample exercises round out this pioneering and innovative text. of the language can be understood as a purely linguistic phenomenon. For each domain placed under the spotlight - memory, attention, inhibition, categorisation, analogy and social cognition - the book examines how they shape the development of sounds, words and grammar. The unfolding cognitive and social world of the child interacts with, constrains, and predicts language use at its deepest levels. The conclusion is that language is special, not because it is an encapsulated module separate from the rest of cognition, but because of the forms it can take rather than the parts it is made of, and because it could be nature's finest example of cognitive recycling and reuse. and that occurs during the reading process, are by the author to create complex inner representations of the reality presented in a The cognitive linguistic approach outlined in the first of Inner offers a set of analytical tools that can instructively applied to the book of Jonah to examine how the presents its own reality to the reader. Retranslated with an eye to the distinct nuances in the Hebrew, the text of Jonah reveals a range of suggestive dynamic patterns that show the irony of Jonah s limited perspectives on his misfortunes compared with the transcendent perspective of a gracious God.


The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art transmission technologies for the interconnection of remote island networks and offshore wind power plants (OWPPs), applicable to the interconnection planning for the Aegean Sea, Greece. Alternative transmission options are presented, describing the advantages and drawbacks of each technology, namely High Voltage AC (HVAC), and High Voltage DC (HVDC). Important developments in HVDC transmission based on Voltage Source Converters (VSC-HVDC) are also highlighted, along with essential grid code (GC) requirements applicable to offshore generating units. Last, important technical considerations requiring further research are also pointed out and discussed.


This paper describes a technique for generating parsing lexicons for a principle-based parser (Minipar). Our approach maps lexical entries in a large LCS-based repository of semantically classified verbs to their corresponding syntactic patterns. A by-product of this mapping is a lexicon that is directly usable in the Minipar system. We evaluate the accuracy and coverage of this lexicon using LDOCE syntactic codes as a gold standard. We show that this lexicon is comparable to the hand-generated Minipar lexicon (i.e., similar recall and precision values). In a later experiment, we automate the process of mapping between the LCS-based repository and syntactic patterns. The advantage of automating the process is that the same technique can be applied directly to lexicons we have for other languages, for example, Arabic, Chinese, and Spanish.


A new method to generate 3-level duobinary signal by adding two half-bitrate signals is proposed The generation function is examined with experiment and simulation. This method can also be applied to the return-to-zero signal format.


The author discusses the importance of Jacob Bernoulli's theorem, published in 1713, for the development of sample surveys, next mentioning the many prominent mathematicians, statisticians and other scientists who developed the idea of the methods used in implementation of the modern sample surveys in the last three hundred years. He starts with showing on the basis of this theorem, why a sample from a population should be selected, using random numbers, to generalize the estimates for the whole population with a certain precision. Next, different methods of sample selection, estimation methods, modes of data collection, using data from different sources, and methods of data analysis in the last three hundred years are generally discussed. At the end some conclusions related to data quality undertaken by Eurostat are given.

http://ws.stat.gov.pl/WS/2014/3/WS_03_2014__1_Jan KORDOS - Od twierdzenia Jakuba Bernoulliego do współczesnych badań reprezentacyjnych.pdf


In the present manuscript, we have confirmed the credibility of our proposed pseudopotential extracted from the generalized pseudopotential theory, by carrying out lattice dynamical and lattice mechanical studies for bcc binary molybdenum and niobium alloys. Here, we have calculated phonon dispersion curves, phonon density of states and temperature variation of Debye temperature ( ) for Mo0.41 Nb0.59 alloy. In addition to that, we have obtained the values of dynamical elastic constants (C11, C12 and C44) for Mo0.339 Nb0.661 alloy. The acquired results are quite reassuring in comparison to the experimental data and other theoretical calculations.


DESPITE the recognition of various cholangiolitic syndromes, uncertainty exists regarding the pathogenesis of chronic diseases of the intrahepatic biliary system. A cholangiolar obstructive syndrom...


There are no general working processes that can stand for how all the investment process is preceded in the organization of major Swedish banks. It is not a question of investment process but rathe ...


Cryptococcosis is a disease caused by the pathogenic fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, both environmental fungi that cause severe pneumonia and may even lead to cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Although C. neoformans affects more fragile individuals, such as immunocompromised hosts through opportunistic infections, C. gattii causes a serious indiscriminate primary infection in immunocompetent individuals. Typically seen in tropical and subtropical environments, C. gattii has increased its endemic area over recent years, largely due to climatic factors that favor contagion in warmer climates. It is important to point out that not only C. gattii, but the Cryptococcus species complex produces a polysaccharidic capsule with immunomodulatory properties, enabling the pathogenic species of Cryptococccus to subvert the host immune response during the establishment of cryptococcosis, facilitating its dissemination in the infected organism. C. gattii causes a more severe and difficult-to-treat infection, with few antifungals eliciting an effective response during chronic treatment. Much of the immunopathology of this cryptococcosis is still poorly understood, with most studies focusing on cryptococcosis caused by the species C. neoformans. C. gattii became more important in the epidemiological scenario with the outbreaks in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, which resulted in phylogenetic studies of the virulent variant responsible for the severe infection in the region. Since then, the study of cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii has helped researchers understand the immunopathological aspects of different variants of this pathogen.


Just as surfers ride the vast waves of the ocean, quasiparticles navigate the deep currents of low-temperature quantum physics, illuminating phenomena like superfluidity and superconductivity. Drawing inspiration from these quantum waves, we've charted a course in classical physics, unraveling the collective dance of particles as they interact within the two-dimensional seas of room temperature flows.


The PAGES Data Stewardship Integrative Activity seeks to advance best practices for sharing data generated and assembled as part of all PAGES-related activities. As part of this activity, a team of reviewers has been constituted for the "Climate of the Past 2000 years" Special Issue. The data team is reviewing the data handling within each of the CP-Discussion papers in relation to the CP data policy and current best practices. The team has identified essential and recommended additions for each paper, with the goal of achieving a high and consistent level of data stewardship across the 2k Special Issue. We recognize that an additional effort will likely be required to


The purpose of this paper is to explore Turker (2013) in depth and analyze its significance and problems, in addition to briefly suggesting alternatives. Turker(2013) is meaningful for the following reasons: First, it is one of the few overseas studies dealing with Korean emotions. Second, it demonstrates that Korean emotion metaphors support the universality of Conceptual Metaphor Theory to a substantial extent. Third, it presents the frequency and productivity of Korean emotion metaphors based on the corpus and shows their correlation. Crucial problems with Turker (2013), however, include the following: (ⅰ) the method of selection of emotion words for the corpus analysis; (ⅱ) the selection and erroneous analysis of example sentences; (ⅲ) errors in the setting and categorizing of source domains. Consequently, given errors relating to Korean emotional metaphors in overseas journals, this paper which examines Turker (2013) in depth can offer the beginnings to prevent such errors in data and analysis from being further cited without verification of appropriacy.


Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) is a measure of aortic stiffness, which is an indicator of vascular aging and has established independent prognostic role in predicting cardiovascular complications. aPWV can be measured with various non-invasive methods, but with different reference values depending on the technique used. The Doppler echocardiography method is potentially widely accessible and has been recently showed to have high correlation with invasive reference method of aPWV based on intraarterial pressure evaluation.

 The aim of the study was to establish reference values of aPWV, measured by Doppler method during a standard echocardiography in healthy subjects.

 121 healthy adults, normotensive, non-smoking, without chronic diseases and not taking medication, were included. All the patients were divided into 5 groups due to age criterion (D1-age 21-30 yrs., n = 33; D2-age 31-40 yrs., n= 23; D3-age 41-50 yrs., n = 26; D4-age 51-60 yrs., n = 22; and D5-age 61-70 yrs., n = 17). During a routine echocardiographic examination with a cardiac probe, standard echocardiographic and anthropometric parameters were acquired. Additionally, 10 Doppler waveforms were recorded in the distal aortic arch and then in the left external iliac artery. The transit time was calculated as a difference between time delay of the two points of the Doppler recordings relative to ECG signal. The distance between proximal and distal points was measured over the body surface using a flexible measuring tape. aPWV values were calculated according to the formula: PWV = distance/transit time.

 The mean age of the studied group was 42 ± 13 yrs., BMI 24.5 ± 3.4, SBP 123 ± 10.39 mm Hg, DBP 76.98 ± 6.53 mm Hg, HR 64 ± 10 bpm. aPWV 5.28 ± 1.07; LVEDD 4.6 ± 0.4 cm; LA 3.65 ± 0.33 cm; aorta 3.26 ± 0.38 cm; LVMI 87.12 ± 15.00 g/m2. In the studied subjects, aPWV did not differ according to sex (females, n = 53, aPWV 5.38 ± 1.21 m/s vs. males, n = 68, aPWV 5.21 ± 0.94 m/s, p = 0.37). In the multivariate linear regression analysis only age and SBP were independently associated with aPWV, but none of the echocardiographic parameters studied. Mean aPWV values with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for each decade of life were recorded as follows: D1-age 21-30, aPWV 4.56 m/s (95%CI 4.41 to 4.72), D2-age 31-40, aPWV 4.65 m/s (95%CI 4.37 to 4.94), D3-age 41-50, aPWV 5.15 m/s (95%CI 4.88 to 5.43), D4-age 51-60, aPWV 5.96 m/s (95%CI 5.54 to 6.38), D5-age 61-70, aPWV 6.88 m/s (95%CI 6.42 to 7.34).

 We report age-related values of aPWV in a healthy population measured by Doppler echocardiography method. This may be helpful in future research exploring the associations between aortic stiffness, cardiac function and cardiovascular prognosis in a large population of patients referred for echocardiography.


Years of invesitgation show that 1)the taking sh ape of moral qualities in teenagers of the four ethnic minorities point to good results in common to their experience;2)education in moral qualities to teenager s of the four ethnic minorities is characteristic of its outstanding practicalne ss;3)personal moral qualities are characterized by the relative stability.


Th e thread of this article is the deconstruction of the notion of human being as violent per nature. In this article we will show fi rst that this is an incorrect assumption, or at least an incomplete one, showing the empirical evidence according the last researches on the topic. On the other hand we will show that this is not only an incorrect assumption, but also a dangerous one, as it is an obstacle for peace research and peace processes. Th is research will take place from the point of view of the Anthropology, taking into account the three dimensions of this matter: Biology, Culture and Philosophy. Special emphasis will be devoted to this last perspective, Philosophy and the concept of human being, according the power that this concept has in order to create and justify the social and educational system and politics in which we live at the present time and that we will build for the future.


Abstract A study was undertaken to determine the dimensionality of commonly perceived coaching behaviors as perceived by adolescent hockey players. To this end 160 players (ages 12 to 18 yr) attending a summer sport camp were administered a 140-item questionnaire concerned with leadership behaviors of coaches. The 57 most commonly reported coaching behaviors were subjected to factor analytic and multidimensional scaling procedures to infer the underlying dimensionality. Incomplete principal component analysis with varimax rotation gave 20 dimensions accounting for 68% of total variance while Kruskal-Shepard multidimensional scaling gave 8 dimensions with a stress value of 12.1%. In terms of frequency of occurrence, behaviors considered a priori to be of a communicative nature, that is involving the passing of information either to or from the coach, were found to be much more characteristic of hockey coaches than were behaviors considered a priori to be dominating behaviors. The scaling solution was given...


An active filler alloy, 97(Ag-28Cu)3Ti has been developed for joining of ceramic-ceramic/metal. The microstructure of the alloy shows the presence of silver-rich bright and copper-rich dark phases. Most of the titanium is associated with copper-rich phase as the solubility of titanium in silver is very low in comparison to that in copper. The cleaned thin foil of 0.1–0.2 mm thick alloy was used for joining of sintered Al2O3-Al2O3 at 800°, 900°, 1000°, 1100° and 1200°C. The brazed samples were characterized by using SEM, EPMA and XRD. The EPMA analyses of the brazed samples show the inter-diffusion of elements across the interface. The inter-diffusion process during brazing was found to be dependent on the concentration of silver and copper present near the interface. The diffusion of titanium from the active filler alloy towards Al2O3was found to be maximum at the centre of the interfacial zone. The XRD results revealed that during brazing TiO and Ti3Cu3O were formed at the interface.


Background: There is little information available about the development of T–cell immunity in healthy and atopic children. We have studied prospectively the mean fluorescence intensity of the T–cell receptor complex–associated CD3, CD4 and CD8 in relation to atopic family history (AFH) and the development of atopic disease. Methods: Children with a defined AFH (n = 172) were followed from birth to 18 months and the cumulative history of atopic disease was recorded. Blood samples were obtained at birth and at 18 months, and in a subgroup of 78 children also at 3, 6 and 12 months. Multicolour flow cytometry was used to analyse pan T–cells (CD3+CD45+CD14–), T–helper–(CD3+CD4+) and T–cytotoxic–(CD3+CD8+) cells. Results: At 18 months, 31 children were atopic and 118 non–atopic. Children who developed atopic disease had a higher CD4 expression (mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) on CD4+CD3+ lymphocytes at birth and at 3 months, particularly as compared with non–atopic children without AFH. Furthermore, the CD3 expression on CD3+CD45+CD14– lymphocytes increased more slowly with age in children with double atopic heredity, as compared with children with no or only one atopic family member. Conclusions: The higher expression of the CD4 receptor in early infancy in children who developed atopic disease compared with non–atopics suggests a delayed expression in T–helper cells. Children with a strong AFH had a slower increase in the expression of CD3, indicating a delayed T–cell maturation.


Main principles of chronic heart failure (CHF) management are presented, including the role of beta-adrenoblockers (BB), in particular, bisoprolol. BB potential as initial CHF treatment is discussed.


This book exposes what sometimes passes for scholarly criticism and contains exemplary corrective explication of misinterested passages from the writings of major Renaissance authors


The influence of pre-reactor and reactor temperatures on the conversion of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol and the selectivity of its transformation to epichlorohydrin in continuous dehydrochlorination for two modes of the reaction product collection was studied. The dehydrochlorination process and mechanism of diglycidyl ether formation are described.


.......................................................................................................2 Basic terms...................................................................................................2 From trigger to the processed image............................................................4 Usual system configurations.........................................................................4 GigE Vision protocol and the OSI model.......................................................5 Packet size, jumbo frames.............................................................................6 Flow control (packet delay, image frame delay)............................................8 Host PC resources.......................................................................................10 Network card selection and configuration..................................................11 Switch selection and configuration.............................................................12 Cabling.......................................................................................................13 Filter drivers................................................................................................14 Input/output interface................................................................................15 PicSight RTF and Smart models..................................................................16 Using 100Mb/s Ethernet.............................................................................16 Summary....................................................................................................17 © 2009Leutron Vision AG 2


We derive a Kantorovich-type duality for convex functionals defined for functions on a subset of the Skorokhod space through a quotient set. Our dual representation takes the form of a Choquet capacity generated by martingale measures satisfying additional constraints to ensure compatibility with the quotient set. The quotient set contains pathwise stochastic integrals. We work with two alternative definitions of such integrals as limits of integrals of simple integrands. Another important ingredient of our analysis is a regularized version of Jakubowskis S-topology on the Skorokhod space.


ClearweldTM technology is a tool, which is readily employed for transmission laser welding of thermoplastic polymers using near infrared diode lasers. This process is accomplished through the use of specialized material systems uniquely chosen and targeted to absorb the laser light at the intended laser weld joint in order to rapidly effectuate a weld. Data will be presented showing actual weld strengths, critical process parameters, and quantification of residual stresses in a variety of thermoplastic materials.


The antitrust agencies have maintained their momentum in compiling a broad and aggressive enforcement record, and have also exhibited increased confidence in their litigation capabilities. Peter Guryan & Richard Jamgochian (Fried Frank)


Subjective evaluation is a central problem in the life cycle of most products. Automotive companies use subjective evaluation of car seat comfort to check the adequacy between specifications and effective realization. A great deal of time and money are spent to achieve this goal. To solve these problems, our project's goal is to save the expert knowledge and to automate this phase in order to achieve more flexibility. This article presents some of the first steps in saving the expert know‐how in addition to help for decision making. We propose tools for the expert assessment acquisition and processing using a fuzzy set technique called expertons. Expertons are applied to a typical example related to our application. It emphasizes the suitability of expertons for the help for decision making. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This study investigates the oil extraction from Pistacia Khinjuk by the application of enzyme. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were applied for modeling and prediction of oil extraction yield. 16 data points were collected and the ANN was trained with one hidden layer using various numbers of neurons. A two-layered ANN provides the best results, using application of ten neurons in the hidden layer. Moreover, process optimization were carried out by using both methods to predict the best operating conditions which resulted in the maximum extraction yield of the Pistacia Khinjuk. The maximum extraction yield of Pistacia Khinjuk was estimated by ANN method to be 56.52% under the operational conditions of temperature and enzyme concentration of 0.27, pH of 6, and the Ultrasonic time of 4.23 h, while the optimum oil extraction yield by ANFIS method was 55.8% by applying the operational circumstances of enzyme concentration of 0.30, pH of 6.5, and the Ultrasonic time of 4.55 h. In addition, mean- squared-error (MSE) and relative error methods were utilized to compare the predicted values of the oil extraction yield obtained for both models with the experimental data. The results of the comparisons revealed the superiority of ANN model as compared to ANFIS model.


PPP (public private partnership) is not only a world trend, but also a Chinese story. Without the guidance of demonstration effect theory, it is hard to interpret the success of PPP in China. However, the lack of research on the demonstration effect theory and the basic logic of explaining the demonstration effect to promote government governance in the background of PPP and supply side reform. This study finds the model promotes the governance of the PPP market mainly through four logical paths, such as solving externalities, government increasing credit, contractual control rights and supplying high-quality information lists. And based on these conclusions, the government should be committed to protecting and supporting enterprises, supplying free high-quality project information, establishing a long-term mechanism to guide the social capital to continuously enter the market.


The invention relates to a method and device to authenticate a subscriber of a digital mobile radiotelephone system vis-a-vis an authentication entity, wherein the subscriber firstly initializes vis-a-vis the authentication entity by executing several times the authentication algorithm containing stored subscriber-specific components and by storing the corresponding response parameters of the subscriber-specific components in a non-volatile memory. Systematic authentication of the subscriber of the mobile radiotelephone system vis-a-vis the authentication entity via a common interface is made possible by the authentication parameters stored in the memory since the authentication entity can always refer back to the response parameters of the individual subscriber module it already knows.


The paper discusses relationships between bent functions and spectral invariant operations. Considerations are done on examples of binary and ternary bent functions, however, can be generalized to p-ary bent functions for any prime p. We also discuss differences between the binary and ternary cases of a method for characterization of certain classes of bent functions in terms of particular differential operators on finite groups called the Gibbs derivatives.


On behalf of the European Health Psychology Society, I extend a warm welcome to the many hundreds of participants of the 19th EHPS Annual Conference in Galway, Ireland. It is fitting that we meet in Galway, home of the first postgraduate training programme in health psychology initiated in 1994. The conference theme, Enhancing individual, family and community health, reflects the endeavours of health psychology across Europe, and beyond. This theme is especially appropriate for our host country, Ireland, that has led the way in taking collective action to legislate against the single largest killer in Europe: smoking. The Irish government banned smoking in all public places in 2004 – the first country in the world to do this. A message for the EHPS is that great health advances can be made, for ourselves and internationally, by even the smaller countries in Europe.


Norman Higgans fishing for whitebait at Pauatahanui Inlet, photographed by Evening Post photographer Phil Reid on the 24th of August 1994. Shows an older man standing in water, wearing waders, a swandri and a hat. He has a whitebait fishing frame and holds up one whitebait.
Original colour negative at EP/1994/2587
Original caption reads: "It's all batter for whitebait fritters with Norman Higgans who yesterday netted one whitebait at Pauatahanui Inlet. Like other whitebaiters in the Wellington region, Mr Higgans is experiencing a light season. He netted 11 on the opening day on August 15, 32 on Monday and was out early this morning hoping for another "big" catch..." (Evening Post, 24 August 1994)
Quantity: 1 colour original photographic print(s) colour original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Dye coupler print 20.2 x 25.4 cm


[1] Debate persists as to the extent to which recent glacial recession observed in tropical highlands is driven primarily by changes in air temperature [e.g., Bradley et al., 2006; Thompson et al., 2006] and atmospheric humidity [e.g. Kaser et al., 2004; Molg and Hardy, 2004]. Uncertainty has also been expressed in the relationship between temperature trends at the surface and higher elevations in the tropical free troposphere [e.g., Christy et al., 2003; Christy and Norris, 2004; Douglass et al., 2004; Fu et al., 2004; Tett and Thorne, 2004] where alpine glaciers reside. We therefore welcome the constructive comments of Molg et al. [2006] regarding our original paper and appreciate the opportunity to clarify arguments made therein [Taylor et al., 2006]. We agree with Molg et al. that the surface energy balance and mass balance are best able to describe the relationship between climate parameters and glacier change [e.g., Wagnon et al., 1999; Molg and Hardy, 2004]. For the Rwenzori Mountains, measurements that would form the basis of a glacier mass balance model do not exist. This point was recognized explicitly in the original paper, ''The absence of continuous and proximate meteorological observations in the Rwenzori Mountains prevents direct analysis of the climatic factors driving observed glacial recession.'' Although a definitive, quantitative understanding of the climate variables responsible for glacier mass losses in the Rwenzori Mountains remains elusive, we dispute the assertion of Molg et al. that air temperature (Ta) is unlikely to be the main driver of observed glacial recession and argue that trends of increasing air temperature are better supported by currently available evidence than decreasing humidity posited by Molg et al. [2] The essential scientific criticism of our paper by Molg et al. [2006] is the validity of the assumption that Ta trends observed in gridded CRUTS 2.0 climate data sets [New et al., 2002] and at meteorological stations between 960 and 1869 meters above sea level (masl), reflect Ta trends in the middle troposphere (4800 to 5100 masl) where glaciers in the Rwenzori Mountains occur. Molg et al. suggest that we have disregarded evidence of inconsistencies between Ta trends at the surface and in the tropical troposphere, but the literature [Hense et al., 1988; Gaffen et al., 2000; Bradley et al., 2004] and evidence they cite is selective. Significant uncertainty persists in temperature data for the tropical troposphere whether these derive from satellite-borne Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) observations or in situ measurements using radiosondes, particularly in data-poor regions like East Africa. Indeed, linear Ta trends in the tropical troposphere can vary significantly based simply upon choice of start and end date as is the case in the paper by Gaffen et al. [2000] using MSU data in which at 500 hPa a cooling trend is detected between 1979 and 1997 but an overall warming trend occurs between 1960 and 1997. Nevertheless, recent studies that employ diurnal corrections to MSU observations between 1979 and 2003 [Mears and Wentz, 2005] and homogenized radiosonde data sets (HadAT2) between 1958 and 2002 [Thorne et al., 2005], show that the middle troposphere warmed at a similar or slightly greater rate to the surface in the tropics [Fu and Johanson, 2005; Santer et al., 2005], consistent with the sign and (within error) magnitude of Ta trends (+0.13 C per decade) at the surface from climate model (HadCRU2v) predictions [Jones and Moberg, 2003]. [3] Molg et al. [2006] use NCEP reanalysis data [Kalnay et al., 1996] for the grid cell (30 E, 0 N) to support their claim that a discrepancy exists between Ta trends at the lower troposphere (850 hPa) and mid-troposphere (600 hPa) in the Rwenzori Mountains (their Figure 1). There is, however, widespread consensus within the climate community that reanalysis data are unsuitable for trend analysis in climate change studies as ''. . .known discontinuities in reanalyzed data sets indicate that further research is required to reduce time-dependent errors to a level suitable for climate change studies'' [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001, p. 120]. The existence of systematic, time-varying biases in reanalysis data is also highlighted by more recent studies [Bengtsson et al., 2004; Simmons et al., 2004; Sterl, 2004; Thorne et al., 2005]. Molg et al. consider biases in the NCEP data associated with the introduction of satellite observations in 1979 to reanalysis data sets (see caption in their Figure 1) but not other inconsistencies that arise from the wide range of data sources including modeled processes [Pepin and Seidel, 2005]. In contrast to inferences drawn by Molg et al. using NCEP data, upper air temperature records from gridded HadAT2 radiosonde data [Thorne et al., 2005] for the most proximate (and only) grid cell to the Rwenzori GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 33, L20405, doi:10.1029/2006GL027606, 2006 Click Here for Full Article


The objective of our study was to determine soil urease and s-Glucosidase enzyme activities in soil samples taken from three different depths (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm) and under different type of vegetation (apple, pine, clover, wheat and followed land). Highest activities, both urease and s- Glucosidase were determined in soil samples representing parcels planted with clover. Enzyme activity showed increase in parcels which have high level of organic matter and total nitrogen. Urease enzyme activity was found higher than s -Glucosidase activity in all samples. As the soil deepens, significant increase was monitored in urease activity (P


This document presents an eeort towards nding a common understanding on how user and learner modeling systems, if seen as agents, can communicate with the applications. The fundamental characteristics of the communication between application agents (Apps) and user or learner modeling systems (ULMSs) are examined in order to draw some conclusions on what features should be considered within such a proposed communication consensus. Taking that into account I open to discussion a proposal for a framework concerning such a communication. This framework is based on a reinterpretation of the KQML within a user and learner modeling scenario and describes the types of performatives that were considered relevant from a user and learner modeling perspective. The analysis of these performatives is made using a scenario where both user and learner modeling systems and applications are seen as software agents. Finally, I will draw some implications on how some current general user and learner modeling systems can be changed in order to convey with the proposal here presented.


ABSTRACT From the 1950s to the 1980s, a large number of outstanding animations produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio gained high international reputation on the basis of their unique Chinese style and oriental aesthetics, and are usually referred to as 'classical Chinese animation'. Although many scholars highly appreciate its national and traditional style, and believe that it was the most important factor that contributed to the success, I would argue that this style also potentially limited the independence and originality of Chinese animation. In this essay, I will rethink classical Chinese animation through an analysis of the intimate relationship between Chinese animation and Chinese literacy classics, classical painting and traditional opera, with the aim to demonstrate that, in spite of its international reputation, classical Chinese animation also was negatively influenced by those prestigious art forms. Faithfully appropriating classical literature limits the ability of Chinese animation to freely explore the modern themes and narratives, and prioritizing the techniques and conventions of traditional Chinese painting and opera tied Chinese animation to the original masterpieces and potentially harmed its inherently cinematic nature. All of these factors would overshadow the destiny of classical Chinese animation and precipitated its foreseeable decline after the 1980s.


BACKGROUND
Bioinformatic resources suggest that adipose tissue expresses mRNAs for alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) and ALDH2, and epidemiological studies indicate that heavy alcohol use reduces adipose tissue mass. We therefore characterized the expression of alcohol metabolizing enzymes in human, rat and mouse adipose tissue, preadipocytes, and adipocytes, the ability of adipocytes to metabolize ethanol, and the effects of ethanol on differentiation of human adipose stromal cells (hASCs).

METHODS
Adipose tissue, preadipocytes, and adipocytes were collected from rodents or from humans undergoing bariatric surgery. hASCs were differentiated in vitro using standard methods. Gene expression and cellular differentiation were analyzed by Western blotting, RT-PCR, and microscopy.

RESULTS
Class I ADH was expressed in human > mouse > rat adipose tissue, whereas ALDH2 was high in all samples. ADH, catalase, and ALDH2 were induced during differentiation of hASCs. The presence of 50 mM ethanol markedly reduced the differentiation of hASCs; this effect was associated with inhibition of expression of transcription factors required for differentiation, but did not depend on the ability of the cells to metabolize ethanol.

CONCLUSIONS
Human adipose tissue expresses alcohol oxidizing enzymes. The presence of ethanol at physiologically relevant concentrations inhibits differentiation of hASCs. Ethanol could alter adipose tissue biology, inducing a form of acquired lipodystrophy, which is consistent with epidemiological studies.


The present invention provides a portable electronic device that is operating in the cursor control touch, including the touch control member disposed on the rear surface of the display unit and the main body opposite the display device arranged in front of the main body, the main body. It said display unit displays a touch screen having an active cursor and a plurality of application icons. The cursor is configured to control at least touch the application activation icon of the touch screen. The application activation icon is configured to start and run the associated application. The cursor on the touch-screen is controlled and operated by the touch on the touch-control member.


Summary form only given. We investigated high-repetition rate mode-locked operation of a Ti:sapphire laser with SBR. The mode-locked laser setup using a semiconductor saturable Bragg reflector as a saturable absorber is shown. The cavity geometry is designed for high-repetition rate mode-locking pulse generation. We obtained self starting 10.3-ps pulses at a 1.02-GHz repetition rate with 640-mW output power. Autocorrelation traces are shown before and after external dispersion compensation. A pulsewidth as short as 1.6 ps has been obtained after external dispersion compensation.


Today's students are fascinated by computer and console video games. Computer game-based learning has gained increasing acceptance and has been applied as an option to classroom lecturing. Educational use of handheld game consoles such as Sony PlayStation Portable (PSP) and Nintendo Dual Screen (NDS) also gain much attention in many places. However, research on the use of these applications in Thai colleges is scarce. This paper aims to examine the features, characteristics, advantages and educational use of PSP and NDS consoles, and to examine the learning and teaching with technology in Thai colleges. This paper also proposes a conceptual model of the adopting of these two kinds of handheld game consoles in Thai college learning environment.


Mounting sensors in disk stack separators is often a major challenge due to the operating conditions. However, a process cannot be optimally monitored without sensors. Virtual sensors can be a solution to calculate the sought parameters from measurable values. We measured the vibrations of disk stack separators and applied machine learning (ML) to detect whether the separator contains only water or whether particles are also present. We combined seven ML classification algorithms with three feature engineering strategies and evaluated our model successfully on vibration data of an experimental disk stack separator. Our experimental results demonstrate that random forest in combination with manual feature engineering using domain specific knowledge about suitable features outperforms all other models with an accuracy of 91.27 %.


Today banking industry is changing rapidly. With the development of international economy and competitive markets, also banks are affected; the main force in this environment is technological that case to break barrier of legal, geographic and industry and has create new products and services. Today's many banks provide their services as electronic. The main objective of this study examine of effective factors on customer trust in electronic banking services in Melli bank of Iran (Ardebil city). Research method is descriptive survey. Statistical society of this study is include all of Melli banks branches Customers in Ardabil city that sample size is obtained 392 people. Measurement tool in this study is questionnaire that its reliability by using Cronbach's formula was obtained 0.98. Also statistical method is used the correlation coefficient test and multiple regression by enter method. Obtained results of the Pearson correlation test showed that independent variables of Perceived security, perceived usefulness, perceived Privacy Policy, customer satisfaction have high correlation with the dependent variable, customer's trust in electronic banking services.


A Survey was carried out in August 1973 in order to understand current status of traditional medical practice among rural resiednts. Following conclusions were obtained: a) Among total 500 cases utilizing traditional medical services, 60 cases were treated for diseases of digestive organ and 48 cases for nervous and sensory organ disorders. b) 198 cases utilized traditional medicine for self-treatment and most of them seemed to be unscientific and was based on an experience through their own practice. It should be developed and integrated with mordern medicine.


When considering variables that are rarely coded for in sociolinguistic studies, we discovered that general demographic studies [e.g., the census, Pew Research studies] have only recently realized that the question sets provided for demographic information rarely permit coding of religion, or when they do, provide only coarse-grained coding; yet recent studies in sociolinguistics and social anthropology have demonstrated that fine-grained distinctions in religious identification are necessary to account for sociolinguistic variation. This paper reviews the information from both sociolinguistic studies and demographic studies which should be considered when developing a protocol for analysis of speech variation. The paper also points out that the variation is often due to network effects from the 'community of practice', but at least some of the variation can be traced to ideological positions or choice of referee, both of which appear to influence language use.


Sequences of partial 18S rDNA have been analyzed to elucidate genetic diversity of scallops collected around Korean sea, The scallops used in genetic comparison are Argopecten irradians concentricus, Amusium japonicum japonicum, Chlamys farreri farreri, Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swifti and Patinopecten yessoensis. The 18S rDNA sequences were aligned by Clustalx program. Phylogenetic tree was drawn by Treecon program, The scallops were divided into two groups-the Family Pectinidae containing A. japonicum japonicum and the Family Propeamussiidae containing Argopecten, Chlamys and Patinopecten genera. The Family Propeamussiidae was also divided into the Supergenera Aequipecten containing A. irradians concentricus and Supergenera Chlamys containing C. farreri farreri, C. swifti and P. yessoensis. The species of C. swifti was closer to the P. yessoensis rather than C. farreri farreri in respect to nuclear 18S rDNA sequence.


LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this article, the practitioner should be able to: Discuss the role of plain film radiography, CT, and MRI in the evaluation of cervical spine trauma. Describe newer trends in their utilization. Devise diagnostic algorithms facilitating early and accurate diagnosis.


A human megakaryocyte cell line (B1647) has been established from bone marrow cells obtained from a patient with acute myelogenous leukaemia (FAB M2). The cells were CD34−, CD33+, HLA‐DR+, CD38+, and expressed the immunophenotypic markers of the megakaryocyte lineage (CD41 and von Willebrand factor). Moreover the cells expressed the c‐mpl (thrombopoietin receptor) mRNA and protein. On the other hand, the B1647 cells also possessed erythroid lineage characteristics: the vast majority of cells were glycophorin positive, and about 10% of unstimulated cells stained with an anti‐globin γ chain MoAb. In addition, S1 protection analysis demonstrated expression of β‐globin mRNA, and Epo receptor (Epo‐R) protein was detected by cytofluorimetric assay. Several growth factors, when tested alone or in combination, failed to influence the B1647 cell growth. A significant increase of cell proliferation was observed only after the addition, in serum‐free culture, of recombinant human megakaryocyte growth development factor (MGDF), a recombinant c‐mpl ligand encompassing the receptor‐binding domain and identical to thrombopoietin (TPO), at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 ng/ml. Interestingly, MGDF failed to induce megakaryocytic differentiation of the B1647 cells, but significantly increased the synthesis of the globin γ‐chain.


Despite dramatic improvements in public health and medical care, Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains as much of a threat in the 21st century as it was when first identified as a pathogen by Koch [1] in 1882. Tuberculosis was reported to be the seventh leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2004 [2]. Recent figures show an increase in the total number of cases, with an estimated 9.2 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths attributed to tuberculosis in 2006 [3]. Drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis represent an emerging problem in the struggle to contain tuberculosis. In this issue of the European Respiratory Review , Sasse and Teichmann [4] describe their experience of managing a patient infected with a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a wide spectrum of drug resistance.

The latest estimates based on survey data report that 11.1% of new tuberculosis cases showed resistance to any drug, which rises to 25.1% in previously treated cases. 1.6% of new cases and 11.7% of previously treated cases met the definition of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), this being resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most potent first-line antituberculosis drugs. Much of this burden is carried by eastern Europe, where 45.5% of previously treated tuberculosis cases meet the definition for MDR-TB. The patient described by Sasse and Teichmann [4] was originally from Burma, where MDR-TB accounts for 4% of new tuberculosis cases [5]. Outcomes in MDR-TB are worse than for non-MDR-TB, with one retrospective study in Estonia finding a cure rate of 83.4% in non-MDR-TB, compared with only 57.4% in MDR-TB [6]. More recently, attention has been drawn to the emergence of a form of MDR-TB that has a more …


Long-term field experiments on the responses of soil buck density and soil nutrient to tillage patterns in a rain-fed pea→wheat→pea rotation system were conducted in Dingxi,Gansu,China.The effects of conventional tillage(T)and three conservative agriculture patterns(conventional tillage with stubble incorporation,TS;no till with no stubble,NT;no till with stubble retention,NTS)were studied.The results showed that:the conservative tillage treatments significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon,total N,total P,total K,available N、P and K,at the depth of 0-5 cm and the NTS had the optimal effect.The management of NTS decreased bulk density in each depth of 0-30 cm.There are significantly positive correlations between SOC,N and P.In short,3 conservation tillage treatments can add the contents of the soil nutrients,but decrease the soil bulk density in comparison with T.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in pea field were respectively increased 10.52%,4.63%,4.83% and 13.83%,7.45%,8.51%,but soil bulk density decreased of 4.80%,2.67%,4.00%.In spring wheat field,soil organic carbon and total nitrogen respectively increased 11.99%,7.78%,12.10% and 11.11%,6.67%,3.33%,while soil bulk density was reduced of 4.62%,3.08%,4.62%.It is important that the conservation tillage treatments can improve soil structure and the capacity of maintaining fertility.


In 1879 I had the privilege of reporting my first gallstone operation to the American Medical Association. In the intervening years, the surgery of the gall bladder and bile ducts has been so far developed that individual case reports have no place in our overburdened literature, unless, as by their aggregated number, they add weight to some general principle involved in the choice of and time for operation, or throw light on the causes of death in seemingly simple cases. The two case reports, I submit, do not belong to either category, but their comparative rarity must serve as my excuse for presenting them. GANGRENE OF THE GALL BLADDER. Patient. —A. B., male, aged 21, was admitted to the Jewish Hospital June 25, 1905. History. —The patient, whose father and mother are both living, has never, to his knowledge, been ill, except for a pneumonia four years before the onset


The article is devoted to the institution of repeated crimes, traditional for Russian criminal law, effective, but excluded at one time from the criminal law. For a certain time, criminal repetition existed only as a scientific category. In the General part of the Criminal law, only certain signs of repetition are mentioned, but there is no definition of it, as well as legal regulation. The need to strengthen counter-action by criminal legal means to certain types of crimes contributed to the beginning of the process of returning norms with a sign of repetition to a Special part of the Criminal Code of Russia. The tendency to expand and increase the number of such norms in the future will require the development of appropriate general provisions. The causal conditionality of the full-fledged return of the institution of repetition to the criminal law is revealed, a possible solution to this issue is proposed.


This chapter focuses on the varying explanations for this trend with particular reference to two case studies, that of Sajida Mubarak Atrous al-Rishawi and Malika el Aroud. It presents a genealogical study of contemporary Muslim women who exist in the western consciousness. Referring in particularly to the work of Judith Butler and Michel Foucault we will argue that understandings of the female give rise to a very context specific reading of female jihadis. This point is central to our understanding of female jihadis; it demonstrates how methodology matters because it fundamentally shapes our approach and the answers which we arrive at. Katherine von Knop outlines that 'they function as operational facilitators, supporting the male relatives, and as ideological educators of their children and this should not be underrated'. But the easing of doctrinal strictures regarding the role of the female jihadi has enabled many women to take part in military activity.


Classroom Composition Teaching in Colleges should deem its duty to develop and train student's creativity.In the classroom,by cultivating an atmosphere of innovation and through intensive practice of topic design,it is possible to improve students' imagination,thinking and creative ability.This also changes the composition activity from being dull and boring to vivid and interesting.This method reflects the 21 century reform in how to teach composition.It is based on intensive practice,minimizing the role of textbooks,using simplicity to replace complexity and focusing on an improvement with quality.


Over the past decade the electronics components industry successfully transitioned from the use of leaded solder to lead-free (Pb-free) solders in response to growing environmental health concerns related to heavy metals and other substances. Pbfree components in general are in compliance to meet the European restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) directives. During the transition period to Pb-free surface mount, numerous issues were raised about the selected alloys, the board assembly process and reliability. Early Pb-free reliability concerns were due to incomplete analytical understanding of the Tin-Silver-Copper solder creep-fatigue behavior, difficulty in computing the magnitude of ball grid array (BGA) relative displacements or strains and lack of product field history. Since then the failure mechanisms were characterized and many models are in common use for reliability estimation and design. This manuscript revisits the initial concerns, reliability model use evolution and summarizes the current understanding that has resulted in a decade of reliable field operation for the Pb-free SAC solders selected.


Objective
To evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)or Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT-3)signaling pathways in reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury by combination of limb ischemic and morphine postconditioning in rats.

Methods
Eighty SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing 280-320 g, were used in the study.Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.The rats were divided into 8 groups(n=10 each)using a random number table: I/R group, limb ischemic postconditioning group(LIP group), morphine postconditioning group(group MP), combination of limb ischemic and morphine postconditioning group(LIP+ MP group)and signaling pathway blocker groups(I/Rb group, LIPb group, MPb group, LIP+ MPb group). In I/R, LIP, MP and LIP+ MP groups, the animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion, and myocardial specimens in ischemic and non-ischemic regions were obtained for determination of phosphorylated STAT-3(p-STAT-3), STAT-3, phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt)and Akt expression(by Western blot)and STAT-3 and Akt mRNA expression(by polymerase chain reaction). In I/Rb, LIPb, MPb and LIP+ MPb groups, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway blocker LY294002 0.3 mg/kg was intravenously injected in 5 rats of each group, and JAK/STAT-3 signaling pathway blocker AG490 5 mg/kg was intravenously injected in the other 5 rats of each group.The animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion, and myocardial specimens in the ischemic region were obtained for determination of myocardial infarct size.

Results
Compared with I/R group, the p-STAT-3/STAT-3 ratio in LIP, MP and LIP+ MP groups and p-Akt/Akt ratio in LIP+ MP group were significantly increased, and the expression of STAT-3 and Akt mRNA was up-regulated in LIP+ MP group(P 0.05). When JAK2 inhibitor AG490 was applied, the myocardial infarct size was significantly smaller in LIP+ MPb group than in I/Rb, LIPb and MPb groups(P 0.05).

Conclusion
Combination of limb ischemic and morphine postconditioning can enhance the activation of PI3K/Akt or JAK/STAT-3 signaling pathways, and the cardioprotection is dependent on the integrity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and partially dependent on the integrity of the JAK/STAT-3 signaling pathway when applied in combination in rats.

Key words:
1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Protein-tyrosine kinases; Extremities; Morphine; Myocardial reperfusion injury; Postconditioning


•Reports of chapter programs and members honored To assist us in selecting the leaders and determining the format, we are requesting information regarding video-tapes which have been made of nursing leaders. We would like to know the names of leaders who have been video-taped , the focus and the availability of the tape. We invite r~commen dations and comments concerning this project to publicize outstanding contributions nurse leaders have made to nursing and to health care. A• proposal has been submitted for a cooperative program between Sigma Theta Tau and National Medical Audiovisual Center to video-tape the professional stories of distinguished nurses. These tapes will have a wide distribution to schools and health agencies throughout the country.


In order to establish the relationship between error sources and the position errors of the polishing robot end-effector, this work has developed a kinematics model with geometric errors of the polishing robot based on product-of-exponential (POE) formulas. The error spinors can be obtained by determining the geometric relationship of error sources, which result in poor positional accuracy of the robot end-effector. The process of positional accuracy analysis was fully carried out by introducing error spinors into the kinematics model to resolve the two problems. According to the geometric tolerances, error spinors were established describing the geometric errors as one of the components in the actual kinematics model. Then, a significant impact on the end-effector position error is provided by the further positional accuracy analysis process to make a precision reference for the proposed optimization program. The results show that the structural errors and transmission errors are the main factors in the robot static positional accuracy, where the structural errors are systematic errors that can be reduced or compensated for by the precision design, and transmission errors can be resolved by the latter calibrate program.


HAP NI is a voluntary organisation that aims to prevent accidents that occur in and around the home.We have a network of 21 local groups throughout Northern Ireland and membership is open to all.Our HAP groups target the causes of home accidents and lead many initiatives that help prevent injuries.


Wireless sensor networks have been traditionally designed to be privately owned and used. Hence the two hallmark features of sensor networks, namely customized network applications and the collaborative in-network processing, are not achievable beyond the boundary of the users' administrative domains (except for limited scope data sharing through Internet gateways). This position paper advocates a contrarian notion of sensor grid that preserves the operational continuity of the participating sensornets and yet allows controlled sharing of sensor node hardware capabilities over multiple administrative domains. This is achieved by stitching together virtualized nodes donated by participating sensornets into a transient virtual sensornet underlay, which is called a Community Sensor Grid. Possible approaches for node virtualization support are discussed for some existing sensornet OS platforms. The formation, operation and dissolution of the transient underlay are to be supported by a P2P overlay formed by the Internet gateways of participating sensornets.


The lightweight design of robots is an important factor in the field of human-robot interaction. Thus, a lightweight 7-DOF cable-driven manipulator is proposed and manufactured, including a shoulder joint with 3-DOF, an elbow joint with 1-DOF, and a wrist joint with 3-DOF. The offset design of the shoulder joint increases the workspace and facilitates the electrical wiring of the manipulator. To solve the cable relaxation problem of the long-term operation of the manipulator, novel cable tensioning mechanisms are proposed based on the characteristics of shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints, which enable rapid tensioning during the motion process. Moreover, forward/inverse kinematic model are established based on virtual coupling joints to analysis the performance of the manipulator. Both the tensile tests of the cables and the stiffness experiments of the wrist and elbow joints are carried out The experimental results show that the maximum stiffness values of the elbow joint and the wrist joint are 1066.3 Nm/rad and 319.8 Nm/rad respectively, which can be comparable to the human arm.


This project deals with the relationship between cognition and language and, in particular, with one of its most important theories: the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. This idea will be extensively analized with the help from the book Language, Thought and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf, edited by John B. Carroll, and will be compared to my approach of it. If the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis states that language either determines or influences the way an individual perceives reality, I believe it is the way a community perceive reality and its surrounding what shapes how the human being creates language. Most of the common examples usually given to reinforce this hypothesis will be used as to weaken it in this project.


Abstract This article focuses on the experimental and theoretical investigation of the axial crushing behaviour of thick-walled tubes with a number of wide grooves, cut from their outer surface, under both static and dynamic loading. While this structure is subjected to axial loading, plastic deformation occurs within the space of each wide groove, and thick portions (grooveless areas) control and stabilize the collapsing of grooved thick-walled tubes. Therefore, the kinetic energy is dissipated by the plastic collapsing of the structure between grooves. In the present study, quasi-static compression tests of specimens with various geometric parameters are performed. Dynamic tests of some specimens using a drop hammer apparatus are also carried out to study the dynamic effects on the collapsing and energy absorption behaviour of the shock absorber. Numerical simulations of axial crushing of the shock absorber under both quasi-static and impact loading, using LS-DYNA finite-element explicit code, are also carried out in this article, and their results are verified with experimental findings. Based on experimental studies, an analysis with consideration of strain hardening effects to predict mean crushing load and energy absorption of the structure under axial compression is developed. Through the performed experimental, numerical, and analytical studies, major parameters in the design of the shock absorber are characterized and possible collapse modes of deformation during axial crushing of the structure are identified. In the present study, experimental and theoretical studies show that the introduced structure can be considered as an efficient energy-dissipating device since it provides favourable crashworthiness characteristics.


The novel of Wrong Path,written by Li Yunqi,is "interesting",which originates from two aspects as the story is attractive in itself and the pattern of telling story is good.At the same time,the novel is "thought-provoking",because the surface of the story writes the fictitious otherness,but says the real-selves in profound aspects.Basing on "interesting" and "thought-provoking",the novel conveys the positive ethical appeal,which completely denying the life by lust.


Twenty five patients with aggresive giant cell tumours affecting different bones were treated by resection and reconstruction with various techniques. The mean length of follow up was 7 years. There was only one recurrence. Complications like graft fracture, non union and delayed union; broken I.M. nail and infections were adequately managed. The series had an overall satisfactory result in eighty percent of the cases.


Blepharopigmentation is a procedure used to create a permanent eyeliner to replace the daily application of cosmetic lash line enhancement. Few studies show ocular and lid complications of blepharopigmentation. The present paper describes 3 cases of trichiasis related to this procedure. The authors discuss the probable pathophysiology and comment the treatment of the cases.


Fraud is a blot on intent indication in traditional contract law. In the information society, as an action misleading the public, fraud is a typical act of unfair competition. The Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests Law should not be regarded as a special law. The research of fraud should not be rigidly adhere to narrow scope of intent indication, to protect consumer, we should bring anti-fraud into the framework of Anti-Unfair Competition Law. From the view of competition law, fraud cannot be an act with subjective desire, any act or practice which mislead the public in reality shall constitute an act of fraud. The remedies of fraud are different from traditional contract law on scope of the parties, remedial measures and compensation for losses.


Analysis of the dynamic response of advanced Liquid Metal Reactor (LMR) core internals to seismic excitation requires a significant number of simplifying assumptions and idealizations to economically meet the constraints of present-day computer limitations. Fluid coupling and nonlinearities associated with inter-assembly lateral support stiffness and clearances of a large cluster of core internal assemblies are some of the factors that complicate the analytical procedure (Moran, 1976). Well defined test data were needed to quantify these and other uncertainties associated with the use of analytical or numerical computer codes used in the seismic design and analysis of reactor cores. The purpose of the present experimental program was to supplement existing data, such as reported in (Sasaki and Muto, 1983), by developing vibrational characteristics of core assemblies over a range of parameters relative to LMR conceptual designs. The parameters selected for this program were variations in number and location of restraints, restraint-pad to duct-load-pad clearances, and input forcing frequency and g-level. Feature tests were conducted to characterize load pad stiffness and coefficient of restitution, and to calibrate load pads to measure inter-assembly across-flat impact loads. Simulated full-size LMR hexagonal duct core assemblies were used in vibration tests. A single assembly and amore » row of five assemblies were tested in air to establish modal characteristics and forced response behavior. 2 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.« less


In the framework of the development of High Temperature Superconducting (HTS)-based solutions for modern power grids, Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico - RSE S.p.A. has gained a significant experience in design, testing, and installation of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs). After having successfully demonstrated the techno-economic feasibility of the first Italian three-phase BSCCO-based SFCL (9 kV/3.4 MVA) inside the distribution grid of A2A Reti Elettriche S.p.A. in the Milano area, RSE has initiated the development of a new upgraded three-phase SFCL, whose rated power has been enhanced in order to meet the utility's needs. Unlike the first prototype, the new SFCL device (9 kV/15.6 MVA) is YBCO-based: this choice allows reducing the needed tape length and cooling power, saving at the same time a significant amount of operational costs. The first phase was already assembled and tested in 2015, whereas the second phase was tested in February 2016. This paper will show the last outcomes from characterizations and short-circuit tests. Along with the SFCL project, RSE has also been focusing on superconducting cables and, in the framework of the European Project Best Paths, it has been involved in DEMO5, that is dedicated to the development of a HTS DC cable in MgB2 (10 kA/3.2GW). Taking the cue from the DEMO5 requirements, RSE has initiated a parallel research activity that is focused on studying the thermo-fluid dynamic behavior of cryogenic coolants flowing in forced convection regime inside the flexible cryostat. This paper will present the first simulation results and will give some anticipation on next steps.


. Teachers' communication skills are one of the key factors that influence the quality of learning and student development. Teacher-student interaction can influence students' attitudes to learning, motivation, ability to cooperate and learn independently. Effective communication is a key factor in learning success. It not only helps to


The design process of hydraulic drives requires a lot of knowledge and experience although many computer tools are available that aid in various aspects of the design. One of these aspects is the selection of a suitable control strategy and its parameterisation. While being a significant key for the performance of servo-hydraulic drives it is nevertheless often neglected because of lack of knowledge in control theory. Only for very demanding applications design engineers use specialised and often complex simulation programs to analyse the system's static and dynamic behaviour prior to its implementation. Also application engineers need assistance in applying and tuning controllers that use more advanced control concepts taking user-defined constraints into account such as the performance of the given hardware. Starting from observations of the general design process of hydraulic drives and an overview about which design steps are already computer supported, results of a literature search about knowledge based control design approaches for hydraulic drives are presented and evaluated in this paper.


Background. Power control is a process of adjusting transmitter power output in a communication system to achieve satisfactory performance within the system. In wireless data transfer networks, this process refers to uplink connection, when information about the transmitter power output is sent to the base station, whereupon the power is adjusted in accordance with one or more transmit power control commands received in the downlink. The uplink power control is intended to ensure quality of service declared by the system provider including maintaining a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio and link data rate, reducing interference, overloading, and preserving the battery life. Objective. Whereas the sum of power levels is constrained to the grand total of the powers transmitted in the uplink off all the transmitters, the quality-of-service equalization is a fundamental task. Henceforward, for a set of equidistant power levels, the goal is to achieve the quality-of-service equalization by non-decreasing powers when moving away from the base station with using the distances from the mobiles to the base station. Inasmuch as the uplink power grand total is "allowed", the sum of all the powers should be as much as closer to the grand total. Methods. Principally, ratios of distances to the base station are calculated using an initial value of the path loss exponent. Then the case of the overloaded network is checked out. After that, the base station power responses are calculated using the ratios and the principle of the equal quality of service, wherein the received uplink power should be closely the same for all the users by every uplink transmission. If the farthest/closest transmitters' powers are out of the power range, they are set down/up to the proper maximum/minimum. The path loss exponent is decreased if the proper maximum is re-violated. Finally, the base station power responses are rounded to values within a set of power levels. Results. The suggested algorithm deals with powers in watts fitting wireless data transfer networks working in shallow areas (like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.), for which the number of power levels is relatively great and the range of active uplink transmission powers is relatively narrow. The routine which implements the algorithm still can be optimized depending on the programming environment and paradigm. For instance, C++ and Python will fit for speeding up the performance. Nevertheless, the routine would not sustain the UMTS update frequency, unless a network works with a few tens of users. Conclusions. The uplink power control routine stated with the six algorithmic items effectively equalizes quality of service in shallow wireless data transfer networks, where user uplink powers are constrained to equidistant power levels in watts. It is not a one-step but a multi-step process during which four types of conditions are successively tried to get satisfied. Eventually, the factual sum of all the powers transmitted in the uplink may become "harmlessly" less than the grand total.


In this paper, we apply the notion of α-open sets in topological spaces to present and study contra-α-continuity as a new generalization of contra-continuity (Dontchev, 1996).


Men and women invaded the personal space of other men and women in bars and elevators. Men allowed invading women to come the closest followed by women being invaded by women, men being invaded by men, and women being invaded by men.


Three irrigation systems (solid set sprinkle, trickle and center pivot) were designed using a computerized life cycle costing irrigation pipe network design program for economic life cycles of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 years with irrigation demand, interest plus profit, initial energy cost and energy inflation held constant. A comparative economic analysis was made of the designs to determine the impact of economic life cycle on energy usage, capital cost, total annual cost over the system life and annual cost over loan period for the three system types. Since farmers can rarely borrow money for the full economic life of the system, the annual cost over the loan term of a more expensive, energy efficient system may not be affordable. A procedure for examining the extra cash flow required and energy saved by designing for the full economic life as opposed to designing for the shorter loan term is presented as well as one possible method of determining a tax incentive program to encourage the design of more energy efficient systems. For the economic parameters used, a relatively small tax incentive produces a significant energy savings. However, different values for the economic parameters could significantly change the results.


A new result for the πN sigma term from an updated πN partial–wave and dispersion relation analysis of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now George Washington University) group is discussed. Using a method similar to that of Gasser, Leutwyler, Locher, and Sainio, we obtain Σ =90±8 MeV (preliminary), in disagreement with the canonical result 64±8 MeV, but consistent with expectations based on new information on the πNN coupling constant, pionic atoms, and the ∆ resonance width.


TOLEDO, Spain As Notre Dame s tu d en ts in study abroad p ro g ram s t r a v  eled across Europe Feb. 15, th e y e n c o u n t e r e d m a s s iv e d e m o n s t r a t i o n s p r o t e s t i n g the poss ib il i ty of U.S. m i l i  ta ry action in I raq th ro u g h  out m ajor cities on the con ti nent. S tu d en ts said the p ro te s ts they e n c o u n te r e d w e re n o t violent, b u t w e re m ass ive ly a t t e n d e d a n d v e h e m e n t l y anti-Bush. " It w a s p a c k e d , " s a i d jun ior Kathryn O'Brien, who w i t n e s s e d th e p r o t e s t s in Toledo, Spain, w h e re she is s t u d y i n g fo r t h e y e a r . " I couldn't even walk. I had to push my way th rough every body." M an y o t h e r T o le d o s t u  dents w ere in Seville, Spain for p r o t e s t s , w h e r e p o l ice p la c e d th e n u m b e r o f dem onstra to rs a t 60 ,000 and o rg a n iz e rs c la im ed a t l e a s t tw ice t h a t a m o u n t w e re in a t te n d a n c e . S p o r t in g "No a la G u e rra " s tickers and w av ing a v a r i e t y o f b a n n e r s e i th e r r id iculing or den o u n c  in g B u s h , t h e p r o t e s t e r s f lo o d e d th e s t r e e t s a n d c h a n te d wildly as the Notre D a m e s t u d e n t s a n d m a n y o th e r A m ericans looked on. "T h e r e w e r e a lo t o f A m e r ic a n s w a t c h i n g , " sa id so p h o m o re Joe Guintu, who is also sp en d in g the yea r in Toledo. "I d id n 't feel in d a n  ger or an y th ing ." Jun io r Ali Grobe w itnessed th e m a rc h of ove r one m i l  lion peop le in Rome, w h e r e 1 she is s tudying for the year, a n d s h e e c h o e d th e s a m e sen tim en ts . "W e've a l r e a d y had a few p ro te s ts in the m o n th s th a t we have been h e r e , " Grobe s a id . "T h e m a r c h e s a r e n 't n e c e s s a r i l y a n t i A m e r ic a n , th e y a r e j u s t p ro -p e a c e or, a t the very m ost , an t i -B u sh a d m in i s t r a t io n . I m e a n , we d o n 't run a ro u n d sc ream ing in E n g lish , b u t I d o n 't feel l ik e I a m in a d a n g e r o u s position when I walk a round the city." Most Notre Dame s tu d en ts s t u d y i n g on t h e c o n t i n e n t a g r e e d t h a t t h e E u r o p e a n feeling was, indeed, an t i -w ar a n d a n t i B u s h r a t h e r t h a n a n t i A m e r i c a n . M any s t u  d e n t s s a i d t h a t w h i le t h e m a jo r i ty o f E u r o p e a n r e s i  d e n t s a r e s t r o n g ly a g a i n s t


The object of this article is to study the generalized Mittag-Leffler function recently introduced by Saxena and Nishimoto [12]. Integral representations of generalized Mittag-Leffler function will be derived. The results obtained provide new results for the Mittag-Leffler functions studied by Srivastava and Tomovski[15] and Shukla and Prajapati [13,14]. Incidentially we also obtain the results for the multi-index Mittag-Leffler function due to Kiryakova [3, 4, 5, 6].


Although neural-based machine translation evaluation metrics, such as COMET or BLEURT, have achieved strong correlations with human judgements, they are sometimes unreliable in detecting certain phenomena that can be considered as critical errors, such as deviations in entities and numbers. In contrast, traditional evaluation metrics such as BLEU or chrF, which measure lexical or character overlap between translation hypotheses and human references, have lower correlations with human judgements but are sensitive to such deviations. In this paper, we investigate several ways of combining the two approaches in order to increase robustness of state-of-the-art evaluation methods to translations with critical errors. We show that by using additional information during training, such as sentence-level features and word-level tags, the trained metrics improve their capability to penalize translations with specific troublesome phenomena, which leads to gains in correlations with humans and on the recent DEMETR benchmark on several language pairs.


The heat-pump drying process of Dioscorea opposite slices was studied in this paper. The drying process was proposed to improve the drying efficiency and product quality. The influences of the heat-pump drying temperature, air velocity, and slice thickness on the drying curve, brightness, rehydration rate were investigated. The experimental results showed that the temperature, air velocity, slice thickness have a significant effect on the drying rate in heat-pump drying process, and the optimal drying parameters were heat-pump temperature 50℃,air velocity 1.0 m/s, and slice thickness 5 mm. The L value and rehydration rate of the dried Dioscorea opposite slices were 82.07 and 85.08%, respectively.


Within the project "Geothermal map of the Republic of Croatia initiated in 2007 the wider area of the city of Zagreb has been investigated (approx. 5500 km2). In this work the results of investigation of the Terrestrial Heat Flow Density (THFD) are presented. These include the results of computation of THFD at locations of boreholes and maps of THFD of the investigated area. It was determined that THFD at the borehole locations varies in a wide range and values differ from those previously published. In the most part of the investigated area THFD is in accordance with mean values for the continental areas. Two positive (Zagreb and Karlovac) and one negative (Žumberak) geothermal value can be singled out. The map of THFD as presented in this work is different from the previously published maps and is considerably more precise. It is determined that geothermal sources in the investigated area are not associated with THFD in the above mentioned areas.


Gamification Apps are becoming more common among the education sector as they offer new opportunities for education, such as the high involvement of students in class. Mainly because these Apps encourage fun and engage the students in the process of their own learning. This paper analyses the use of these formative ICT tools in the education sector by examining the perception among postgraduate students with the gamification App Kahoot! during their lessons. A cross-sectional study involved postgraduate students of four different Master Programs in a French Business School. In this study the App Kahoot! was used by 134 postgraduate students in three lectures (Mobile Marketing, Strategic Management, Social Media Marketing). Multiple-choice questions were displayed on the educator's screen as a game-quiz, and students had to answer rapidly and accurately on their own mobile devices while music played. Then, a quantitative approach utilizing data from a survey sent to all the students about the App Kahoot! was done in order to know their perception, assertiveness and utility regarding the use of the gamification App. The findings illustrate the experience of the students when introducing the use of Kahoot! in their learning process. The App encouraged the students' teamwork and collaboration, increased their motivation, encouraged their interest during the course, helped them with their learning goals and was considered as one of the positive and interesting points of each course. Consequently, the gamification App Kahoot! is an encouraging formative ICT tool that contributes towards students' learning process.


The article examines the Sovietisms used in "Chernobyl" miniseries produced by HBO. Lexical semantic groups as sets of paradigmatically and semantically related lexical means are detected and analised. The key role in the text part of HBO's miniseries "Chernobyl" produced by HBO is played by the nominations of Soviet authorities (23% of the researched Sovietisms), Soviet awards (7%), Soviet authorities' positions (25%), NPP workers' positions (9%), Soviet institutions and buildings (11%), Soviet phrases and slogans (25%). The article discusses the Sovietisms' ambivalence as perceived by the representatives of post-Soviet countries and other lingvocultures. The Sovietisms' identification in modern Ukrainian society is checked through a survey of 40 respondents of two age groups: the generation that was born in post-Soviet independent Ukraine (aged from 14 to 25) and older generation, people who were born and lived in USSR (aged from 37 to 65). The results of the survey show that older generations identify the Soviet realia clearer than young generation that recognizes only up to 51% sovietisms. These issues include, but are not restricted to, the reception of the given audiovisual methods, techniques and transformations, and the different ways in which the translation process is accomplished in different countries. The data obtained must be thoroughly considered when adapting audiovisual products for different audiences. The main means of the Sovietisms' adaptation for English (original) version of the miniseries contextual interpretation (84%) and transliteration (16%). The discussion of the study will contribute to assessing the potential multinational studies in audiovisual translation, thus offering indications on future methodological developments and enabling more detailed and structured comparisons. The material analysed in the article can be used for adaptation of audiovisual products for the Ukrainian audience and for tourist services' improvement, including accompanying foreign tourists to the Chornobyl Zone.