We investigate the conductance of an undoped graphene sheet with two metallic contacts and an electrostatically gated island (quantum dot) between the contacts. Our analysis is based on the matrix Green function formalism, which was recently adapted to graphene by Titov et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 076802 (2010)]. We find pronounced differences between the case of a stadium-shaped dot (which has chaotic classical dynamics) and a disk-shaped dot (which has integrable classical dynamics) in the limit that the dot size is small in comparison to the distance between the contacts. In particular, for the stadium-shaped dot the two-terminal conductance shows Fano resonances as a function of the gate voltage, which cross over to Breit-Wigner resonances only in the limit of completely separated resonances, whereas for a disk-shaped dot sharp Breit-Wigner resonances resulting from higher angular momentum remain present throughout.


Bioinorganic Chemistry
Nitrogenase enzymes catalyze the biological production of fixed nitrogen. Because this is not enough to sustain modern agriculture, industrial fertilizers containing ammonia are produced via the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Brown et al. developed a way to use nitrogenase enzymes from nitrogen-fixing bacteria to make ammonia in vitro without other biological steps or high-energy inputs. Light-activated CdS nanorods provided electrons to the FeMo nitrogenase enzyme to reduce nitrogen and produce ammonia at rates up to 64% of biological nitrogen fixation. These nanoparticle-protein complexes show the potential for solar-driven ammonia production.

Science , this issue p. [448][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaf2091


A germafluorene based polymer, (PGFDTBT), is one of the polymers which is a promising candidate for plastic electronics [1]. PGFDTBT is already used with C60 in solar cells. In order to understand the underlying mechanism of the charge transfer in the bulk hetereojunction of this solar cell, we carry out the density functional investigations at the interface of a PGFDTBT and C60. We study the ground state as well as excited state geometry and detailed electronic structure of the interface. The charge transfer is studied using the charge densities of the orbitals near the HOMO and LUMO. Our results indicate that the charge transfer at the ground state of Polymer:C60 interface is negligible, while the efficient charge transfer from polymer to C60 takes place upon excitation. The transfer is also followed via the "charge transfer state" which is energetically in between the "charge separated" state and the "excited state".


Excised roots of corn, 8 cm long, were mounted for collection of xylem exudate, submerged in aerated, labeled salt solutions, and left while steady-state exudation developed. After 19 hr, additional portions of the roots were removed and all apical ends which had been severed were sealed with wax. Collection of exudate samples began 1 hr later and continued for 8 hr. The results showed that removal of only 1 cm from the apex of the root reduced the output of rubidium to the exudate by as much as 74%. They also showed that the longitudinal changes in ion contribution to the exudate were not linear, but were closely correlated with the longitudinal gradient of Rb content in the root. THE POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS between water


The coadaptation of the gene complexes carried by different gene arrangements within a population depends upon the integrity of the genic contents of the inverted segments. Certain combinations of inversions-triads, in the above account-destroy this integrity by facilitating serial transfer of genes from one arrangement to another by crossing-over. Since the different inversions of a population are generally coadapted, populations should possess with high frequency, at most, two of the three inversions of any one triad. In general, the data from populations of D. robusta and D. pseudoobscura support this hypothesis; one member of each triad is usually absent or rare within any one locality. Three inversions that are not members of a triad should not be opposed by selection and, in agreement with the hypothesis, three such inversions are frequently present in populations with high frequency. We conclude that coadaptation frequently outweighs aneuploidy as a selective force in determining inversion frequencies within populations. The possible role of triads in the geographical distribution of inversions and in speciation are also discussed.


This paper describes diagnosis of electric faults based on vibration monitoring. Detection and diagnosis of incipient faults are desirable in order to ensure product quality and improved operational efficiency of electrical equipment running off the power supply mains. These faults could appear in any electrical equipment, but this paper focuses on the transformer, dc, three phase and single phase induction motors. In order to perform the diagnosis signals of vibration from the piezoelectric accelerometer are analyzed. This accelerometer is installed on the frame of the equipment. The Fast Fourier Transform is applied to the acquired signals. We observe significant vibration spectrum differences between "healthy" equipment and electrical equipment with faults. The high-frequency spectral analysis of vibration provides a method to detect equipment faults.


Abstract The equations of motion of a pre-twisted cantilever beam with a spinning base subject to axial base excitations are formulated by using Euler beam theory and the assumed mode method. The effects of sinusoidal perturbations in terms of the axial accelerations of the beam are then examined by using Bolotin's method. The equations of motion are transformed to the standard form of an eigenvalue problem for determining the perturbation frequencies defining the boundaries of the regions of instability of the spinning beam. The instability diagrams are found to be strongly dependent on the spinning speed, the pre-twist angle and the aspect ratio of the cross-section of the beam. Moreover, the unstable regions are complicated by the coalescence and bifurcation of the perturbation frequencies defining the boundaries of unstable regions, a phenomenon not found for the stability of a non-spinning pre-twisted beam.


1-D oxide nanostructures-based metal-insulator-metal structures represent potential gas sensor devices, owing to their vertical electron transport feature. In this paper, we demonstrate that for achieving optimum gas sensing by a TiO2 nanotube (NT) array in vertical mode, tuning of NTs (1-D) surface area as well as carrier transport path length by tailoring the NT length can be a valuable approach. For anodization times of 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 h, the corresponding NT length was found to be 280-320, 506-514, 1730-1790, 2000-2200, and 2380-2420 nm, respectively, with almost no variation in tube diameters or separations. The carrier concentrations of the NTs were found to be decreasing with increasing tube length. The vertical device structure, employing NT arrays of different lengths as the sensing layer, was investigated in the temperature range of 50 °C-250 °C for sensing acetone, as a test gas/vapor, in the concentration range of 10-1000 ppm. The response magnitude of the sensor was increased with increased NT length, possibly owing to the availability of larger amounts of gas interaction sites due to higher surface area at increased length. The response time and recovery time of the developed sensor also increased with increasing tube length and became excessively sluggish after the critical tube length exceeded 2250 nm owing to slower adsorption/desorption and diffusion kinetics.


The utility model relates to a multifunctional shower machine providing comfortable showering, which aims to solve the problems that the prior shower machine has single function and can not automatically conduct scrubbing. The multifunctional shower machine comprises a machine body, a soaking-bath part, a showering-bath part and a sauna part. The soaking-bath part is positioned at the lower part of the machine body and comprises a basin, a motor, an impeller and a scouring bathing ball, wherein the motor is positioned and eccentrically arranged at the lower part of the basin, the impeller is fixedly connected with the motor, a protective casing is arranged outside the impeller, and the bathing ball is positioned inside the basin. The multifunctional shower machine mainly has the followingcharacteristics: (1) the machine can automatically conduct scrubbing and massaging operations for human body during soaking-bath; (2) by virtue of spray heads arranged in multiple directions in combination of a rotary stool, a user can rinse all parts o the body during showering-bath at will; and (3) by virtue of sauna facilities, a user can enjoy sauna in a relaxed state so as to eliminate fatigue. The multifunctional shower machine also has the characteristics of small size, easy carrying, easy realization of automatic control, and so on; and can be widely used in households, apartments forthe aged, hospitals and bathing industry.


Speech recognition errors remain a problem in the design of voice-based user interfaces. Owing to the limited system resources and constrained input methods, error correction is particularly difficult on mobile devices. This research investigated the users' perception of a proposed multimodal interface design that allows a user to send and receive voice-dictated text messages on cell phones. Task-based interviews were performed to examine the participants' understanding, acceptance and overall satisfaction. Findings indicate that an audio readout significantly improves the users' understanding of the misrecognised messages. An in-depth investigation reveals how users' perception is impacted by speech recognition errors in mobile communication.


The Design of Autonomous Vehicle with Real-time Object Tracking 陳俊嘉 黃振寧 侯俊成 鍾鴻源 尤芳銘 Chun-Chia Chen Cheng-Ning Huang 1 Jun-Cheng Hou Hung-Yuan Chung Fang-Ming Yu 國立中央大學電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University 1*Corresponding author e-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com 聖約翰科技大學資訊工程系 Department of computer science and information Engineering, St. John's University ABSTRACT The main purpose of this research is to autonomous tracking vehicle by real-time image processing. The proposed autonomous vehicle includes four parts, image processing system, microcontroller, mechanism and wireless communication system. When we track the object, the CCD camera feed back the environment information to host computer. The computer recognizes the position of object by image processing and control the movement of vehicle. The control command was transmitted from PC to microcontroller by wireless module. Finally the autonomous vehicle could track the object accurately and stably.


Europium (Eu)-doped calcium magnesium chlorosilicate [Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+] phosphor particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis and their luminescence characteristics were optimized by changing the Ca precursor type, the Eu2+ content, and the post-treatment temperature. It was found that the ratio of calcium nitrate to calcium chloride, which were used as the source of Ca and Cl, respectively, significantly affects the luminescence intensity and the particle morphology. Photoluminescence intensity was monotonically increased by increasing calcium chloride content with respect to calcium nitrate content in the spray solution due to increases in the crystallinity and phase purity of Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+. Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+ was gradually turned from a spherical shape to a polyhedral shape of micron size as the calcium chloride content was increased in the spray solution. The concentration quenching of Eu2+ was observed at 0.375 mol % Ca. The optimized Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+, which showed a broad emission spectrum from 460 to 550 nm with a peak position at 502 nm, had a high brightness under the excitation by short- and long-wavelength ultraviolet lights and is expected to be successfully applied as a green phosphor for UV light emitting diodes (LEDs).


ABSTRACT This work reports on the use of micro-Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of materials used for producing the polychrome in cultural heritage artifacts from southern Spain. The micro-Raman technique was applied for the characterization of several types of artworks or for cross-sections from these works, which were produced along different historical epochs. This technique was demonstrated to be valuable for the characterization of compounds, which were all detected within the artworks studied. The identification of all of these compounds by micro-Raman was confirmed by other complementary techniques, such as micro-X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.


Background: The host inflammatory response can contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal degeneration. Results: Photoreceptor proteins in degenerating retinas can activate microglial cells through Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4). Conclusion: Microglial activation can be a common pathology of retinal degeneration. Significance: Modulating microglial activation is a potential treatment strategy for human retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. Although several genetic and biochemical factors are associated with the pathogenesis of retinal degeneration, it has yet to be determined how these different impairments can cause similar degenerative phenotypes. Here, we report microglial/macrophage activation in both a Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration mouse model caused by delayed clearance of all-trans-retinal from the retina, and in a retinitis pigmentosa mouse model with impaired retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) phagocytosis. Mouse microglia displayed RPE cytotoxicity and increased production of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines, Ccl2, Il1b, and Tnf, after coincubation with ligands that activate innate immunity. Notably, phagocytosis of photoreceptor proteins increased the activation of microglia/macrophages and RPE cells isolated from model mice as well as wild-type mice. The mRNA levels of Tlr2 and Tlr4, which can recognize proteins as their ligands, were elevated in mice with retinal degeneration. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from Tlr4-deficient mice did not increase Ccl2 after coincubation with photoreceptor proteins. Tlr4−/−Abca4−/−Rdh8−/− mice displayed milder retinal degenerative phenotypes than Abca4−/−Rdh8−/− mice. Additionally, inactivation of microglia/macrophages by pharmacological approaches attenuated mouse retinal degeneration. This study demonstrates an important contribution of TLR4-mediated microglial activation by endogenous photoreceptor proteins in retinal inflammation that aggravates retinal cell death. This pathway is likely to represent an underlying common pathology in degenerative retinal disorders.


Quantitative Mokpo-Jeju undersea tunnel is currently on the basis plan for reviewing validation. As for the cross section shape for express boat of 105 km line, sing track two tube is being reviewed as the Euro tunnel equipped with service tunnel. Also, 10 carriage trains have been planned to operate 76 times for one way a day. So, in this study, quantitative risk assessment method is settled, which is intended to review the optimal space between evacuation connection hall of tunnel by quantitative risk analysis method. In addition to this, optimal evacuation connection hall space is calculated by the types of cross section, which are Type 3 (double track single tube), Type 1 (sing track two tube), and Type 2 (separating double track on tube with partition). As a result, cross section of Type 2 is most efficient for securing evacuation safety, and the evacuation connection space is required for 350 m in Type 1, 400 m in Type 2, and 1,500 m in Type3 to satisfy current domestic social risk assessment standard.


OBJECTIVES
The outcomes of treating coronary artery disease (CAD) in very small vessels <2.25 mm are sparse. The present study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of the Resolute Onyx 2.0 mm drug-eluting stent (DES) (Medtronic) with the Onyx 2.25 mm DES for the treatment of CAD.

METHODS
We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CAD involving Onyx 2.0 mm DES (Onyx 2.0 group) and Onyx 2.25 mm DES (Onyx 2.25 group) in the 2 consecutive years from November 2016 to November 2018. Major adverse cardiac and cerebral event (MACCE) rate, defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization for target-lesion failure, was reported.

RESULTS
A total of 152 subjects with 160 lesions were enrolled. The baseline demographics, lesion characteristics, and procedural results between the two groups were similar. The lesions were significantly shorter (P<.01), fewer stents were consequently deployed (P=.04), and the total stent length was shorter (P<.01) in the Onyx 2.0 group vs the Onyx 2.25 group. At a median follow-up of 673 days, MACCE rate did not differ significantly between the two groups. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, and the use of statins to be independently associated with MACCE.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that the use of the Onyx 2.0 mm DES to treat CAD in very small vessels (<2.25 mm) is feasible and safe, and the clinical outcomes were similar to those of the Onyx 2.25 mm group.


A material strength depends on its microstructure, which in turn, is controlled by an engineering process. Strengthening mechanisms like work hardening, precipitate and grain boundary strengthening can alter the strength of a material in a predictive, quantitative manner and are readily linked to the deformation mechanism. This quantification strongly depends on the characteristic length scale of a particular microstructure, thereby dictating bulk material's strength as a function of, for instance, grain or precipitate size, twin boundary spacing, or dislocation density. This microstructural, or intrinsic, size governs the mechanical properties and post-elastic material deformation at all sample dimensions, as the classical definition of 'ultimate tensile strength' deems it to be 'an intensive property, therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen'. However, in the last years, the vast majority of uniaxial deformation experiments and computations on small-scale structures unambiguously demonstrated that at the micron and sub-micron scales, this definition no longer holds true. In fact, it has been shown that in single crystals the ultimate tensile strength and the yield strength scale with external sample size in a power law fashion, sometimes attaining a significant fraction of material's theoretical strength, and exhibiting the now-commonly-known phenomenon called size effect (smaller is stronger). Understanding of this phenomenon at small scales is not yet mature and is currently a topic of rigorous investigations. As both the intrinsic (i.e. microstructural ) and extrinsic (i.e. sample size) dimensions play a non-trivial role in the mechanical properties and material deformation mechanisms, it is critical to develop an understanding of their interplay and mutual effects on the mechanical properties and material deformation, especially in small-scale structures. Therefore, in recent years much research has focused on designing the machines capable of measuring the mechanical properties of extremely small structures. In this paper we presents our achievements in the field of design of precise force sensors which can be applied for micro and nanotensile tests.


This paper dwells upon the basic issues concerning the definition of translation as a process subjected to several, serious limitations. It briefly outlines the currently obsolete approach deeming some communicational acts as impossible to translate, while simultaneously providing theoretical arguments as well as practical incentives for transcending the so-called limitations towards perceiving any communicational act as susceptible to effective, efficient, accurate translation into any target language hereby attempting to clearly establish the coordinates for the translation methodology and practice.


Objectives: To present the first cases of laryngeal rehabilitation by an artificial larynx performed after a total laryngectomy. The prosthesis aims at proposing an alternative to laryngeal transplantations and to techniques of tissular engineering and/or transplants by free fragments, used essentially in tracheal reconstructions. Methods: The artificial larynx was developed thanks to fundamental biomaterial research and long-term animal experiments. The insertion is a 2-stage procedure. The first step, performed immediately after the total laryngectomy, consists of connecting the trachea with a hollow titanium tube. After a 6-week period of healing, or 3 months after radiotherapy, a swallowing valve is fixed over the integrated titanium tube (second step). Results: Four patients have been treated (2 whole prosthesis, 2 partial prostheses) from June to December 2012. Two patients were able to talk in a whispering fashion while the tracheostomy was temporarily closed; their functioning in the relevant postoperative problem areas, such as swallowing, breathing, and smelling were significantly improved. Conclusions: Our clinical trials demonstrated that a temporary closure of the tracheostomy opening can be achieved. Potential improvements of this larynx replacement open real perspectives of complete rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. The artificial larynx, which does not require immune-suppressor treatment, would avoid the definitive tracheostomy, considered by most patients as a loss of physical and psychological integrity.


In learning to program and understanding how a programming language controls a computer, learners develop both insights and misconceptions whilst their mental models are gradually refined. It is important that the learner is able to distinguish the different elements and roles of a computer (e.g. compiler, interpreter, memory, etc.), which novice programmers may find difficult to comprehend. Forming accurate mental models is one of the potential sources of difficulty inextricably linked to mastering computing concepts and processes, and for learning computer programming. It is common to use some form of representation (e.g. an abstract machine or a computational agent) to support technical or pedagogic explanations. The Notional Machine (NM) is a pedagogical device that entails one or more computational concepts, originally described as an idealised computer operating with the constructs of a particular programming language. It can be used to support specific or general learning goals and will typically have some concrete representation that can be referred to. Computational Thinking (CT), which is defined as a way of thinking that is used for [computational] problem solving, is often presented as using a Computational Agent (CA) to carry out information processing presented by a solution. In CT, where the typical goal is to produce an algorithm or a computer program, the CA seemingly serves a purpose very similar to an NM. Although it changes through the different stages of development (of the learner and of the curriculum), the roles of CAs and NMs can be seen as versatile tools that connect a learner's mental model with the conceptual model of a program. In this article we look at this relationship between CAs and NMs, and indicate how they would look at different stages of learning. We traverse the range of definitions and usages of these concepts, and articulate models that clarify how these are viewed in the literature. This includes exploring the nature of machines and agents, and how historical views of these relate to modern pedagogy for computation. We argue that the CA can be seen as an abstract, simplified variant of an NM that provides a useful perspective to the learner to support them to form robust mental models of NMs more efficiently and effectively. We propose that teaching programming should make use of the idea of a CA at different stages of learning, as a link that connects a learner's mental model to a full NM.


Abstract In a time of heightened social inequality and concern to reckon with its sources and consequences, the relevance of cumulative dis/advantage (CDA) to understanding patterns of aging has become even clearer, and CDA research has continued to expand in several fresh directions. Papers in this symposium will review the current state of knowledge regarding CDA and will present new analyses addressing key questions of its intersections with social change and its structural patterning. We will begin with a review of knowledge on comparative evidence regarding cumulative dis/advantage and its cross-national patterning. With regard to change, will examine the compare the effect of the 2008 recession and subsequent recovery across generational cohorts through a comparative examination of trajectories of income inequality. We will also present evidence on the impact of gender, focusing on women's late-life health.


Patients who are diagnosed with HIV positive and their partners, have high levels of stress that can not only affect the course of their disease, but also the relationship of a partner; a series of interventions have been formulated in oden to promoting dyadic
coping strategies in pairs; however, studies on people with HIV positive are limited; The objective of this research is to examine the impact of a brief intervention on dyadic coping, relationship satisfaction and adherence to treatment in people with HIV and their
partners. An increase in the level of dyadic coping variables and relationship satisfaction is identified; however, due to the tendency of the data, it is not possible to determine with certainty that the treatment is the cause of this change. In the Treatment Adherence
Variable, it did not show negative or positive changes, it was a constant. The data is discussed based on Bodemann theory.


We present an extended ultraviolet-blue (850-4700 Å) library of theoretical stellar spectral energy distributions computed at high resolution, λ/Δλ = 50,000. The UVBLUE grid, as we named the library, is based on LTE calculations carried out with ATLAS9 and SYNTHE codes developed by R. L. Kurucz and consists of nearly 1800 entries that cover a large volume of the parameter space. It spans a range in Teff from 3000 to 50,000 K, the surface gravity ranges from log g = 0.0 to 5.0 with Δ log g = 0.5 dex, while seven chemical compositions are considered: [M/H] = -2.0, - 1.5, - 1.0, - 0.5, + 0.0, + 0.3, and +0.5 dex. For its coverage across the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, this library is the most comprehensive one ever computed at high resolution in the short-wavelength spectral range, and useful application can be foreseen for both the study of single stars and in population synthesis models of galaxies and other stellar systems. We briefly discuss some relevant issues for a safe application of the theoretical output to ultraviolet observations, and a comparison of our LTE models with the non-LTE (NLTE) ones from the TLUSTY code is also carried out. NLTE spectra are found, on average, to be slightly "redder" compared to the LTE ones for the same value of Teff, while a larger difference could be detected for weak lines, which are nearly wiped out by the enhanced core emission component in case of NLTE atmospheres. These effects seem to be magnified at low metallicity (typically [M/H]≲ -1). A match with a working sample of 111 stars from the IUE atlas, with available atmosphere parameters from the literature, shows that UVBLUE models provide an accurate description of the main mid- and low-resolution spectral features for stars along the whole sequence from the B to ~G5 type. The comparison sensibly degrades for later spectral types, with supergiant stars that are in general more poorly reproduced than dwarfs. As a possible explanation of this overall trend, we partly invoke the uncertainty in the input atmosphere parameters to compute the theoretical spectra. In addition, one should also consider the important contamination of the IUE stellar sample, where the presence of binary and variable stars certainly works in the sense of artificially worsening the match between theory and observations.


In thls brief review of the trends of the jurisprudence of the Italian Constitutional Court concerning the relationship between Community Law and Natiorral Law, the Author emphasizes the ¡ssues already fixed and those which are still opened to decisión. No doubt that among the well established points stands the direct enforcement of the provisions of the Community Law (i. e. Regulations) Into the domestic law, irrespective whether they are precedently or subsequently promulgated. The re are then other issues not yet settled, among which the specification of the «relevant principies of our Constitutional System», which not even a Community Law could derógate, and the other Issue, which is partly linked to the first one, concerning the position of the Judges of the ordinary law-courts as regards a domestic law deallng with matters already regulated by Community Regulations. In the opinión of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, he should immediately avoid enforclng the domestic law, but In the opinión of the Italian Constitutlonal Court, he must on the contrary submit the case to the same Court to solve the question of constitutionality. The clash of opinions between the two Courts must be consldered still opened, and this even after the decisión of the Italian Court N.° 176/1981, declaring the uninportance of the submitted issue, at least in the speclflc case, avoiding thus to examine the merlts of the controversy. The Author finally points out how the study of the relationship between the Community Law and the National Law, although intimately depending on the Interpretaron of the constitutional norms concerning the «IImitation of the sovereign powers» in the National system, cannot leave out of consideraron the actual evolution of the relationship, politlcoJinstitutional, between the member States and the Community they adhere to.


As repeated measures in self-concept research are subject to factors which may confound data, an alternate form for a self-concept inventory was developed for college students. Correlations between the original and alternate items administered under two conditions were .87 and .88, for the achievement-related subscale r = .85. The findings demonstrate the suitability of the selected items as alternate forms for achievement-related and total self-concept.


Design by Contract is an approach to designing and developing software; it contains a set of methodological principles that help to produce correct and robust software. Contract specifications have never become a mainstream since it is a demanding task for programmers. This paper introduces a process for extracting formal contract specifications combining formal methods and human analysis. It is illustrated with two case study. We conclude that contract extraction is in some cases achievable, although the limitations of this process are that it requires human analysis and deep knowledge of the problem domain, and cannot be fully automated.


The chemical inertness, high melting point, and intrinsic lubricity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been used to develop solid lubricating parts for operation in extreme environments, from frying pans to satellites. The atomic-level mechanisms associated with friction and wear at PTFE surfaces are elucidated here by systematic investigations of the frictional anisotropy measured with respect to chain orientation. In particular, a combination of atomic-scale simulations, nanometer-scale atomic force microscopy experiments, micrometer-scale microtribometers experiments, and macroscale pin-on-disk experiments are used. Data across these length scales, from both the computational and experimental approaches, provide a consistent view of the mechanisms by which the structural orientation of PTFE contributes to its unique tribological properties.


Childbirth is almost always a wonderful and joyous experience. Parents often begin planning for their baby before they are pregnant. They develop their birth plan and look forward to holding their perfect baby. Sometimes this is just not what happens...


In the title molecule, C21H24N2O3, the imidazole ring is essentially planar, with a maxium deviation of 0.015 (1) Å. The dihedral angle between the benzene and imidazole rings is 65.47 (6)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains along the c axis. The crystal structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯π interactions.


Describe the implementation of the fingerprint electronic absence policy on the discipline and performance of civil servants as well as the impact it has on implementing the fingerprint electronic absence policy. Qualitative descriptive method describes various conditions and situations as the object of research. The data collection techniques used were observation, documentation and interviews. After the implementation of fingerprint electronic attendance, discipline increases and obligations as employees have been carried out in accordance with applicable regulations. The application of sanctions in the regional government of seluma regency is in accordance with the regulations of civil servants and the provision of rewards for employees who excel has been carried out properly, to inspire other employees, so that they can work better.


The aim of this study was to survey the relationship between decrease in range of motion and learning of a new sport s kill in people who had experience of weight training. This research was conducted using pre -test, three acquisition test, retention test and transfer test, with two experimental (n=18 weightlifters) and control


1. Disinfectant and detergent effect, containing potassium hydroxide, nenionogennoe surfactant, characterized in that it further comprises Catamin AB, AKIP stabilizer and water in the following ratio, wt.%: Caustic potash 9-11! Nonionic surfactant 4-6! Catamin AB 3-4! Stabilizer 4-6! Water the rest! 2. Disinfectant according to claim 1, characterized in that the caustic Potassium used according to GOST 9285-78. ! 3. Disinfectant according to claim 1, characterized in that the nonionic surfactant is used as a product according to technical specifications 2483-077-05766801-98. ! 4. Disinfectant according to claim 1, characterized in that the product is used Catamin AB TU 9392-003-48482528-99. ! 5. Disinfectant according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilizer used product "AKIP LF" manufactured "by Kao Chemicals Europe». ! 6. Disinfectant according to claim 1, characterized in that water is used as a "Drinking water" GOST 2874-82.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communications capabilities. These sensor networks interconnect a several other nodes when established in large and this opens up several technical challenges and immense application possibilities. These wireless sensor networks communicate using multi-hop wireless communications, regular ad hoc routing techniques cannot be directly applied to sensor networks domain due to the limited processing power and the finite power available to each sensor nodes hence recent advances in wireless sensor networks have developed many protocols depending on the application and network architecture and are specifically designed for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential consideration. This paper surveys recent routing protocols for sensor networks and compares the routing protocols that are presently of increasing importance. Here three main categories of protocols, flat based, hierarchical and location based protocols are distinguished based on the way the next hop is selected on the route of a message and briefly describes the operation of a representative member from each group. Each routing protocol is described and discussed under the appropriate category. We also highlight the advantages and performance issues of each routing technique. The paper concludes with possible future research areas.


tute "the economy," ranging from unemployment (and controversies over unemployment compensation), social security, health care, and the disabled, to regulation (and deregula tion and the savings and loan "meltdown" of the 1980s), welfare, poverty, taxes and subsi dies, military expenditures, foreign trade, and investment; in short, all the areas of socioeco nomic reality dealt with (if or when they aredealt with) by macro, micro, distribution, and trade analysis/theory. And for those who wish to pursue any or all of this further, there are seventy-five pages of helpful notes and numerous statistical tables that fill out the analytical discussions. So for both would-be economists and seriously concerned citizens (and would that economists would all be seriously concerned citizens!), Meeropol has provided the means by which they can begin to get their heads screwed on straight. And that is why, if I were his publisher, I would have the book updated to accord for the hell now breaking loose, give it a new title, and sit back to observe it meet the success it fully deserves.


By defining 'worker' to include low-paid white-collar as well as blue-collar staff, and taking a broad definition of industry, this article reveals whereas factory managers increasingly hired blue-collar women during roughly 1895–1914, the situation with women's employment in the railway industry was very different. Railway policy was to restrict numbers tightly and prioritise literate women in certain low-paid mostly white-collar jobs for which men were hard to recruit. Railway policy-makers were influenced by not just enduring patriarchal attitudes, but also military demands together with financial concerns associated with pension rights and retrospective wage increases. At the same time, local labour shortages increasingly forced managers to seek exemptions to the hiring policy or even ignore the restrictions, especially in regions like Central Asia where qualified people of both genders were relatively scarce. The article concludes with some general questions. How typical by that time were the MPS as an employing ministry and state-owned railways as industrial employers? Did hiring policy in state-owned industrial enterprises differ significantly from the private industrial sector? What ishould be understood by the term 'skilled worker'? And how important are white-collar workers as a category for analysing women's employment in late Tsarist Russia's industrial economy?


Describes a technique for statistically optimal interslice interpolation of scalar values for use in three-dimensional medical image rendering. The interpolation technique is based upon kriging, which is known to be the best linear unbiased estimation technique for spatially distributed data. The authors present the results obtained using kriging in the object space preprocessing operation of slice interpolation by slice-value interpolation. As a byproduct of the technique, kriging calculates the estimation error for the interslice values. This makes it possible to quantify the interpolation error in slices computed by the estimation technique.<<ETX>>


The article analyzes the emergence of ASMR (Autonomous sensory meridian response), the growth of ASMR videos into the most significant YouTube trend, and the reasons for attracting ASMR to brands' commercials. The objective of the article is to find out the effectiveness of the involvement of ASMR media technologies in the advertising production. We made a content analysis of the ASMR videos on YouTube channels of ASMRtivists, and a detailed review of the ASMR spots that have received the highest resonance in the media (brands «Dove», «KFC», «McDonald's», «IKEA», «Michelob Ultra», «BMW», «Coca-Cola», «Adidas», etc.), and reviewed publications on ASMR and ASMR advertising in various online journals and leading media such as «The New York Times», «The Guardian», «The Washington Post», «The Daily Telegraph», «The New Yorker», «The Times». The study discovered that after the first ASMR commercial («Dove» chocolate) appeared in 2015, the peak of ASMR commercials was in 2019 (43 commercials). Since 2018, brands have produced 11 to 17 commercials per year with ASMR positioning. It was found that the list of commercials by C. Richard, the founder of the ASMR University, did not include commercials for the brands «BMW», «Adidas» and «Coca-Cola Russia», which were added after correspondence with Professor Richard. The main conclusions of the study are the following. First, there is a problem with both brands and media outlets that misidentify the genre of AMR, so that commercials are labeled as ASMR when, in fact, they are «oddly satisfying videos». Second, there is an emphasis on the attractiveness for brands to produce ASMR ads because of their association with the pleasurable associations of relaxation, rest, and sleep. Finally, based on the studied ratings, studies, expert opinions, and evaluations of the advertising business, we proposed the assumption that FMCG brands actively exploit ASMR. At the same time, the fast-food sector largely remains a niche trend.


This paper describes a zero-power magnetic levitation using magnetostrictive (GMM)/piezoelectric (PZT) laminate devices. This magnetic force control is based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect of magnetostrictive material, where magnetization of GMM hence a magnetic force is control by the applied voltage to PZT. Because PZT is considered electrically capacitive in steady state, no electric energy is required to maintain constant magnetic force. We conducted a magnetic levitation using a magnetic force control device with there laminations of GMM and PZT. Zero-power consumption of the levitation system in keeping a constant gap was confirmed by the measurement of the input current to PZT.


This research is based on mathematics learning at SD Negeri 018 Kubang Jaya which uses conventional learningmodel impact on the low of activity and result of learning which is indicated by the number of students who getvalue under Minimum Exhaustiveness criteria. The research design used was quasi experimental with nonequivalentcontrol group design. The population in this study are the students of class V SD Negeri 018 Kubang Jaya. Datacollection techniques used are unstructured interviews, observation, documentation, and tests. Based on the resultsof hypothesis test data of student learning activities with the calculation using independent sample t test, showedthat t count> t table (10,047> -2,011). Student learning result data indicate that t arithmetic> t table (3,221> -2,011) hence can be concluded activity and result of student learning at learning mathematics of wake up matterapplying model Two Stay Two Stray based Van Hiele theory higher than learning applying conventional model .Based on hypothesis test result using right side test formula, student activity data data show that t count>t table(16,664> -2,069) and significance value <0,05 (0,000 <0,05). Result of hypothesis test result of student learningshow that t count> t table (4,897> -2,069) and significance value <0,05 (0,000 <0,05). So the application of TwoStay Two Stray model based on van Hiele theory proved effective against activity and result of student learning onlearning mathematics of wake up matter.


Dielectric barrier discharge using pulsed-DC high voltage (pulsed-DC DBD) have been proven to be capable of effectively reducing skin friction drag in turbulent boundary layers with limited power consumption, thus producing significant net power savings. In this work, the characteristics of pulsed-DC DBD, including power consumption, induced flow structure, thermal effect, and body force, are investigated sequentially. Both the power consumption and pressure waves produced by pulsed-DC DBD are similar to that of DBD using nanosecond pulses (ns-DBD), whereas the wall-bounded jet structure resembles that of DBD using sinusoidal high voltage (ac-DBD). A curved wall jet is induced at a small pulse width, which turns into a straight one due to the combined effect of momentum and thermal addition when the pulse width increases. With increasing pulse width, the induced body force goes up while the thermal effect weakens. Although pulse frequency has no impact on the wall-bounded jet topology, the body force increases with pulse frequency because of the enhanced energy entrainment. With these results, four parameters that affect the performance of pulsed-DC DBD are extracted, including the pulse leading edge, pulse width, frequency, and amplitude, which lays the foundation for the optimization of pulsed-DC DBD.


The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine for curing internal hemorrhoid. The traditional Chinese medicine comprises crude drugs of 16-22g by mass of radix astragali, 15-23g by mass of angelica sinensis, 16-22g by mass of armadillo scale, 7-13g by mass of crinis carbonisatus, 8-12g by mass of burnt meretrix meretrix Linnaeus and 13-17g by mass of edible manna lichen carpophore. Compared with existing treatment methods, a method using the traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages that a radical treatment effect can be achieved without an operation, 445 cases are already cured, the cure rate can reach to 90.6%, the relapse is absent, the treatment cycle is short, the medicine can rapidly take effect, the cost is low, side effects are absent, and further any other drugs are not required in the treatment process.


Idanothekion glandulosum gen. et sp. n. is a synangiate pollen organ represented by approximately 30 specimens contained in coal balls from the middle Pennsylvanian of Illinois. Each synangium is composed of seven to nine elongate sporangia that are fused laterally for approximately four-fifths of their length, and are radially arranged about, and fused to, a short central column; the central column is restricted to the proximal one-third of the synangium. Distal to the column the sporangia surround a hollow central area. Dehiscence occurred by means of a longitudinal slit along the mid-line of the inner face of each sporangium. The outer walls of the sporangia have a complex histology involving an external epidermis, a middle presumably glandular layer containing scattered enlarged cells, and an inner layer made up of thin-walled parenchyma. Vascular tissue is present in the central column and outer walls of the sporangia. Each sporangium has a prominent, attenuate, multicellular tip. Large numbers of saccate pollen grains similar to those found in numerous fossil and extant coniferophytes as well as some Mesozoic pteridosperms were produced in each sporangium. Idanothekion resembles some synangia assignable to Paleozoic members of the Marattiales; however, the new genus compares most closely with pollen organs believed to have been produced by members of the Pteridospermales. It seems most likely that Idanothekion represents the pollen organ of some member of the Lyginopteridaceae that produced pollen of a type which up to now has not been known from Paleozoic seed ferns.


[1] We tested single-domain (SD) and multidomain (MD) theories of the acquisition and thermal demagnetization of thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) and partial TRM (pTRM) in Thellier paleointensity determination, using as samples plagioclase and mafic minerals extracted from Matachewan diabase dikes. Susceptibility, hysteresis, and coercivity data indicate that the plagioclase contains mainly SD grains of magnetite while the mafic minerals (clinopyroxene, biotite, and actinolite) contain mainly MD magnetite. The extracted minerals were used in simulated Thellier experiments with laboratory TRM as a proxy for natural remanent magnetization (NRM). The plagioclase behaved ideally, as predicted by Neel SD theory, giving a linear NRM-pTRM (Arai) plot with positive pTRM checks. The mafic minerals behaved nonideally, with strongly curved Arai plots sagging below the ideal SD line, in accord with observations for MD magnetites and with predictions that in heating to moderate temperatures T, more TRM is lost than can be regained as pTRM, causing convex-down Arai plots. In experiments with pTRM parallel to NRM, all pTRM tail checks were zero, but pTRM checks increasingly deviated from the Arai curve toward the SD line as T increased. However, in repeat Thellier experiments, pTRMs at all T agreed with the original pTRMs. The negative pTRM checks were therefore not due to physicochemical alteration but rather to departure from initial states with different magnetic histories than those of the original pTRMs. The inability of pTRM checks to reliably distinguish between MD behavior and irreversible alteration could lead to overestimates of paleointensity from straight-line fits to the low-T "unaltered" part of the Arai curve or underestimates from fits to high-T data. Alternating field cleaning to 15 mT before each Thellier step made the Arai plot only marginally less curved. Low-temperature demagnetization (LTD, zero-field cycling through the 120 K Verwey transition) hardly changed the curvature of the Arai plot for pTRM parallel to NRM. For pTRM perpendicular to NRM, LTD led to an inflected Arai curve straddling the ideal SD line. Data of either form would not give reliable paleointensity values. No presently available pretreatment renders the paleointensity data of MD grains usable. SD and nearly SD grains which behave ideally in the Thellier experiment remain the only useful recorders of absolute paleointensity.


The city cycle curve has been established,which represents the real traffic environment,and then taking it as the evaluation index of fuel-economy considering the city traffic character.Driving power lose-rate is considered as the evaluation index of power performance.Then the parameters of transmission have been matched by programming in MATLAB.The calculating results show the evaluation index can make better matching for the city bus transmission,and the city cycle established is closer to the real traffic character.


It should be possible to provide drums (2) with a larger variety of functional parts (5), (18) without considerably limiting flexibility in production and increasing the warehousing expenses. In addition, it should be possible in production to respond quickly and without problems to short-term market-related requirements. The implementation of the invention, and the advantages achievable thereby, should be possible at low costs. These objectives are achieved by a particularly advantageous modular system for drums (2) of laundry treatment machines (1) - differentiated by the types thereof in washing machines, dryers and washer-dryers, wherein the drums (2) comprise base bodies (10) and functional parts (5, 18), such as laundry carriers (3) or the like, and wherein identical drums (2) are provided for different types of laundry treatment machines (1) of one type in the connecting area to the functional parts (5), (18), wherein with the drums at least two sets of functional parts (5), (18) are associated, which in the connecting area are all identical to one another and mutually interchangeable.


While minimizing the absorption of substances in the optical path of the measuring device, so as to minimize contamination buildup on the optical element surface that may cause a drop in performance, generating a controlled environment in the optical measuring device Then monitor technology is provided. Both the exhaust and refill technique, whether the environment is suitable for the measurement, or the environment are available with monitoring techniques for determining whether to be reproduced. The optical measuring device may be a device operating at a wavelength including a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelengths.


In recent papers,2-7) it- was reported that 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid was much formed as an intermediate in both cases of the carboxylation of alkali metals phenolate (the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction) and the rearrangement of diverse alkali metals salicylate into alkali metals P-hydroxybenzoate, and that their reaction mechanisms were clarified by means of microthermal and UV analyses. In this paper, the consideration based upon the chemical equilibrium for whole chemical equations suggested in all previous papers is accomplished using thermodynamic properties elucidated by several estimating methods of group contributions. It is consequently recognized that many experimental facts proposed agree well with the results of consideration mentioned above.


Summary.  Objective: To investigate the influence of transmembrane tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α on adipose tissue development and insulin‐mediated glucose metabolism. Methods and results: TNF‐α and lymphotoxin‐α‐deficient mice expressing non‐cleavable transmembrane TNF‐α (Tg‐tmTNF‐α) and TNF‐α/lymphotoxin‐α double knockout (control) mice were kept on high‐fat diet for 15 weeks. The food intake and feeding efficiency of Tg‐tmTNF‐α mice were significantly higher compared with control mice. At the end of the study, Tg‐tmTNF‐α mice had a significantly higher total body weight, as well as subcutaneous and gonadal adipose tissue mass. Histological analysis revealed that the expression of Tg‐tmTNF‐α resulted in a significantly increased adipocyte area and blood vessel density. Plasma leptin levels correlated positively with adipose tissue mass. The plasma levels of total cholesterol and HDL‐cholesterol were significantly increased and LDL‐cholesterol levels significantly decreased in Tg‐tmTNF‐α mice. Fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were not different between the two genotypes and intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests did not show significant differences. Conclusions: Transmembrane TNF‐α enhances adipose tissue formation without altering insulin‐mediated glucose metabolism in mice with nutritionally induced obesity.


A key touch dimmer includes a switching device through which AC line current is passed to brighten a lamp in response to a control signal generated by a microprocessor. The microprocessor receives an input indicative of the zero crossing points of the AC line current and synchronizes this input with its own internal clock circuitry to generate a firing signal for the switching device at the correct phase angle in the next half cycle of the AC line current. The dimmer has memory capability whereby the lamp, when turned back on, will brighten to a preset level. This brightening is accomplished in a gradual manner. Likewise, a turned off lamp will fade to zero brightness, with the dimmer retaining the preset brightness level. The microprocessor shuts down quickly in the event of a power outage to preserve memory. An optional display includes a plurality of LEDs for indicating light level. Other options include providing the dimmer with several keys, each of which can be adjusted to a respective preset level.


Objective: Erythrina variegata Linn of the family leguminaceae is a medium sized deciduous small tree with prickly stems and branches, leaves with triangular leaflets and large coral red flowers and grows all over Bangladesh. Different parts of E. variegata have used in traditional medicine as nervine sedative, febrifuge, anti-asthmatic and antiepileptics.It is having the d-tubacurarine like activity. The present study was under taken to evaluate the cardiac depressant activity of Erythrina variegata in experimental animal model. Materials and method: Aqueous extract of E. variegata was tested for cardiac depressant action by using frog isolated heart model. Different concentration of atropine sulphate is used along with plant water extract. Results: The water extract shows the significant cardiac depressant activity. Conclusion: The present study shows that E. variegata has significant cardiac depressant activity.


In this study, an equivalent electrical circuit model for a single circular CMUT in both uncollapsed and collapsed modes is obtained. In order to model the collapsed mode mechanics, the governing differential equation is solved semi-analytically for a large number of normalized cases. Then the calculations are adapted to the equivalent electrical circuit model. The model uses the self radiation impedance of both uncollapsed and collapsed modes. The model is fully parametric in such a way that a CMUT cell of given dimensions and parameters can be simulated under an arbitrary large signal excitation. Transient simulations can be performed in less than a minute with a circuit simulator. Transient and frequency domain simulations are consistent with finite element analysis results.


The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a suspension component in which a semi-finished product is shaped by cold forming. The method is characterized in that the deformed semi-finished products after cold-forming to a nitriding treatment is subjected. Furthermore, the invention relates to a suspension component that is produced by this method and is characterized in that it constitutes a torsion section, a stabilizer or any other component which is exposed in use cyclic loading.


This paper deals with chemical analysis of eight wood species from East Indonesia i. e : Podocarpus imbricatus BL, Pouteria firma Baohani, Phylocladus hypopyllus Hoof.f, Agthis philipinensis Warb, Dacrydium beccarii Parl, Tristania maingayi Duthie, Castanopsis javanica A.DC and Shorea sp. The analysis comprised of the determinations of cellulose, lignin, pentosan, moisture, ash.silica and the solubility in cold water, hot water, sodium hydroxide (1 %), alcohol benzene (I :2). The result shows that cellulose content ranges from 47,58, to 59, 74 percent. The highest cellulose content was obtained from Agathis philippinensis Hooff and low cellulose content from Tristania maingayi Duthie. Lignin content ranges from 25,22 to 29, 84 percent where the highest was obtained from Shorea sp and the lowest from Pouteria firma Baohni and Phylocladus hypophyllus Hoof.f pentosan from 10,84 to 19,66 percent. Moisture content ranges from 10,09 to 13, 70 percent, ash content from 0,13 to 0, 78 percent, silica content from 0,12 to 0,40 percent. Solubility in cold water ranges from 2,11 to 12,97 percent.solubility in hot water from 3,09 to 14,76 percent, solubility in sodium hydroxide (1 %) from 10,65 to 27,68 percent and solubility in alcohol benzene (1:2) from 1,84 to 8,89 percent.


A simple experiment that can be applied to the teaching of biotechnology to students of either elementary, high school or university level is proposed. The experiment consists of the fermentation of sugar with commercial yeast. This process produces carbon dioxide that is collected in a balloon as a visual indicator of the progress of the fermentation reaction. This particular experiment is a good method to teach various concepts related with chemistry, physics, biology and biotechnology. The applications of the proposed fermentation experiment using microorganisms represents a direct connection for the students to understand common and domestic processes such as dough rising or production of alcoholic beverages.


The articles in this special section addresses the future of 5G mobile communication. The next milestone is the definition and deployment of 5G wireless systems that promise increased data rates, support for a massive increase in the number (i.e., billions) of devices connected by the so-called Internet of Things (IoT), and low latencies to support new user experiences and time critical applications.


Abstract Ladder network models have been successfully employed to assess electrical and mechanical properties in tissue engineering applications, showing phase-locking features of fractal structures. In this study, we simulate an anatomically-based fractal mechanical model of the airways in the 0.016–1.6 Hz frequency range to understand how the phase is affected by structural changes in the airways. With concepts from the non-rigid wall framework, airway geometry and wall structure are included in the model. We found that variations in constriction and heterogeneity led to variations in the stress-strain relation and in the elastic modulus of the airway tissue. The results indicate that constriction plays the dominant role in the stress-strain context, while heterogeneity prevalently affects the elastic modulus. Additionally, we show that a lumped parameter fractional-orders model can capture the frequency dependence of the elastic modulus.


f presenting a spectacular songand-dance show is your idea of good elementary music education, you may need to reevaluate your priorities. The focus of your teaching should be more than the stage productions that you present several times a year. If the development of the whole child interests you, if you would like music to be integrated into the child's total education, and if you would like to be on an equal footing with other academic areas, you may be interested in a different kind of program. Music can maintain its integrity as a worthwhile discipline in its own right and still be part of a holistic experience for the child. The integration of music, science, and other academics is evident at Indian Creek Elementary School in


The article is engaged in a study of the effect of rhamnolipid on the enhanced solubility of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the influential factors in hoping to find ways to disclose the great advantage of the biosurfactants in remedying the organic contaminated soils for their environment-friendly nature. As is known,since they are potential in improving the solubility of the hydrophobic organic compounds,we have made great efforts in investigating the solubility of rhamnolipid( RL) biosurfactants for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) and the related influential factors,including p H value,the temperature and the ionic strength by using the rhamnolipid( RL) biosurfactants through batch experiments. What is more,we have tested phenanthrene and pyrene for removing PAHs in this article in particular. In addition,we have made quantitative measurements of the solubility in terms of the soluble folds( S*w/ Sw),the molar solubilization ration( MSR) and the micelle-water partition coefficient( Km). The results of our experiments and investigations demonstrate that the solubility of PAHs in the aqueous solution tends to increase with the increase of the concentration of the surfactant on the condition when RL is in a higher concentration than its critical micelle concentration( CMC) with the increase of the solubility folds( S*w/Sw). On the other hand,the molar solubilization ratio( MSR)tends to decrease with the increase of the solute molecular weight,whereas the micelle-water partition coefficient( Km) tends to increase with the increase of the hydrophobicity of PAHs. Thus,the results of the aforementioned experiments prove that such factors as p H value,temperature and ionic strength may all have effects on the solubilization of RL to PAHs,whereas the solubility of phenanthrene and pyrene in the RL solution tends to increase with the p H falling and the temperature rising. But,the ionic strength for solubilization proves heavily dependent on the cationic type. That is to say,increasing K+ionic strength in solution can help to enhance the PAHs solubilization potential. Nevertheless,it is also possible to find opposite effect on Ca2 +ionic. Thus,the results of our study proves to have a great significance on the remedial function for the PAHs contaminated soils.


To explore the correlation of children′s MR and social economy status in Ningqiang demonstrated area. Two kinds of questionnaire, including the rural organization and population status questionnaire and rural status in Qinba mountainous area, were used to collect the data. It was shown that there were significant difference in poverty population, labour force, income and compositive economy item between high MR rate area and lower MR rate area. It means that there are correlation between children′s MR and social economy status in this area.


In this paper are put forward the basic principles under which all grinding machines, irrespective of size or type, must be constructed. The chief problems facing the designer of precision grinding machines are discussed, together with the essential elements and physical components. The choice of solutions which seem to offer the most promising future developments is suggested. The factors affecting the design of grinding machines—cost, ease of maintenance, and the influence of the user—and the essential elements—rigidity, accuracy, and constancy, are discussed. Mechanical and hydraulic traverse mechanisms are compared and a brief description is given of a typical hydraulic system. Although mechanical methods of traverse have been giving way to hydraulic systems, the author considers that with the improved electrical control gear available there may be a reversion to mechanical traverse mechanisms on account of their simplicity and reliability.The influences of the wheel-head and wheel-head spindles are d...


This paper describes the instruction execution mechanism of the 32-bit microprocessor GMICRO/400 that executes more than one operation per clock cycle. The chip integrates a dual operation integer unit, a floating-point unit, an 8-Kbyte instruction cache, an 8-Kbyte data cache, and a 64-bit external data bus. The GMICRO/400 utilizes both superscalar and VLIW design techniques. The integer unit and the floating-point unit concurrently execute two integer and one floating-point instructions. The dual operation integer unit executes two operations in one clock cycle, under the control of a microprogram using long microinstruction words, when it executes a multiple-operation instruction.<<ETX>>


Sphagnum henryense Warnst. is reported new to Alaska, Califor- nia, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington and West Vir- ginia in the U.S., British Columbia, Canada, and Japan. It is best distinguished from S. palustre L. by its branch leaf hyaline cell wall ridge reticulum and nu- merous small branch leaf pores, but characteristics are variable. Sphagnum henryense Warnst. has generally been considered a species of the south- eastern United States coastal plain (Andrews 1938, Blomquist 1938). Recent work, how- ever, has extended the range northward to Massachusetts and inland to western New York and Pennsylvania. This suggests the possibility of further range extensions inland around the Great Lakes, if S. henryense exhibits a distribution analogous to that of many vascular plants (Andrus 1974). To obtain a clearer distributional picture for this species, herbarium specimens from a wide geographic area were examined. The results showed that S. hen- ryense does, indeed, occur around the Great Lakes to Michigan. Its occurrence in the high Appalachians of West Virginia, Virginia and North Carolina is not surprising, in light of its earlier discovery in western New York and Pennsylvania. However, finding S. hen- ryense not only along the Pacific Coast from Alaska to California, but also in Japan, was completely unexpected. Sphagnum henryense has not been recognized for these latter areas because distinguishing it from S. palustre L. is often difficult. There is apparently no one positive identifying characteristic for S. palustre, i.e., it is recognized by the lack of the characteristics of S. henryense. It has been noted before (Andrus 1974) that S. henryense can be distinguished from S. palustre on the basis of numerous, small, round pores on the branch leaf convex surface and the ridge reticulum on the branch leaf hyaline cell walls where these lie adjacent to the chlorophyllous cells. Both characteristics are quite variable and probably are strongly influenced by environmental variables, especially water stress, which seems especially likely to influence pore development. Although well-developed forms of S. henryense usually possess both the abundant, small, branch-leaf pores and the ridge reticulum (Fig. 3), many have only one of these 0007-2745/80/239-242$1.00/0


ABSTRACT Using the case of the Mainland Chinese film industry, this paper argues that the competing features that attract commercial capital investment and drive state centralization create a molecular structure of national film investment, or the division of investment in the film industry into several interdependent centers. A combination of regulations, institutions, the built environment and access to capital leads to a distributed investment of strategic assets linked by bonds of complementarity. Beijing dominates in the area of state-supported production. Shanghai outperforms other cities in terms of foreign direct investment. Qingdao has attracted domestic Chinese private investment and entrepreneurship. Unlike the capital agglomeration seen in countries like the United States where film investment is driven centrally by financial considerations, the Chinese national film industry is strategically divided into several centers that rely more dominantly on political or financial resources. While this paper focuses on China, understanding the molecular structure of the Chinese film industry helps us understand both developed and developing countries that are characterized by robust state oversight and strong commercial media sectors.


Radio-telemetry measurements were made of deep body temperature (Tb) in winter acclimatized Gray Jays Perisoreus canadensis held in an outdoor aviary at 66040'N, 150'33'W between 3 December 1987 and 29 January 1988. The diurnal rhythm of Tb was similar among the three individuals tested. Upon roosting for the night, the birds experienced a gradual drop in Tb until about 0500-0700 hours. Tb then levelled off until approximately 0800 when it began to rise sharply to the usual daytime level just before the birds became active. In contrast to a previous study which failed to demonstrate any appreciable nocturnal hypothermic response in a winter-acclimatized Gray Jay, the birds tested in the present study dropped their body temperature at night substantially (range: 4.5 6.1?C) below their mean daytime temperature of approximately 42'C. Moreover, the extent of the hypothermic response was correlated with the minimum overnight air temperature; on colder nights the jays tended to drop their body temperature to a greater extent. These results suggest that Gray Jays may save appreciable amounts of energy during the long, cold nights of the arctic winter as a result of their hypothermic response.


Schiff base N,N',N",N"'-tetrasalicylidene-3,3'-diamino-benzidine (H 4 tsdb) and its dinuclear [M 2 (bpy) 2 .tsdb].2DMSO. 8H 2 O; bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; M=Cu(II) 1, M=Zn (II) 2, complexes have been prepared and characterized by their elemental analysis, FAB-mass, IR, NMR ( 1 H, 1 3 C and 1 H- 1 H COSY), UV-vis, ESR (Cu(II) only) spectra and magnetic-moment data. Force field calculations reveal highly distorted octahedral environment around both the metal centers. The Cu-Cu and Zn-Zn distances are found to be 12.28 and 12.37A, respectively. Superoxide dismutase activity of the complexes has also been studied.


The effect on growth and carcass quality of increas ing level of brewer's grain (0, 20 and 30%) in grow ing rabbit diet was studied. A total of 180 rabbits (5 weeks old, average live body weight of 860 ± 147g) were divided into three experimental groups of 60 rabbit s and housed in collective cages (4 rabbits per cag e) until slaughter (77 days). Each group was fed ad libitum, either the control diet (B0) or the experimental diet containing 20% (B20) or 30% (B30)of dried brew ers grains (DBG). Health status was not affected by the treatment. Also, growth and ingestion performan ces did not differ significantly between the 3 grou ps (individual weight gain=29.2 – 30.5g /d and feed in take per cage = 379 390 g /d). Feed conversion wa s higher (P<0.01) in B20 group compared to the 2 othe r groups (3.92 vs. 3.65). The incorporation of DBG did not alter the carcass characteristics of the gr oups. Increasing level of brewer's grain until 30%, in partial substitution to soybean meal and decreasing alfalfa and barley grain rates can be used in rabbit diets without effect on health, growth performance or car cass traits. Key word: Brewer's grain, Rabbits, Growth, Carcass traits.


With the advancement of technology and machine learning the feasibility for people to produce fake videos and spread fake news is becoming more and more easy especially with the creation of GAN models which are capable of producing accurate enough fake videos. The main agenda of this project is to help detect these fake videos from real using machine learning techniques. In this project the data from faceforencis was considered and frames are generated from videos followed by application of novel technique in classification by using face detection over videos. These images are transformed using various parameters and models are compared against them. Highest accuracy of 95% with AUC value of 0.95 is obtained using laplace transformed images. Quantum machine learning is also applied and was able to train the model with 50% less time than classical model.


As the driver's mental state is among the primary factors responsible for collision, most of the sectors now install an automated approach to prevent the collision. The automatic approaches halt the vehicle unit on sensing the state of collision. Anti-collision system is an automatic approach that monitors the various factors of a vehicle unit on a gradual basis. The system is powered with Honda algorithm that computes the minimum safe distance from these factors. As the efficiency of algorithm is subjected to accuracy of sensor readings, the environmental tragedies and precision of sensors can deliver false readings that affects the performance of algorithm. In this paper genetic algorithm is implemented to optimise these values. The optimised modification of readings discards the probability of false reading obtained due to environmental noise. The evaluation parameters indicate that GA performs with almost same accuracy for optimisation.


Field experiments with turnips (Brassica rapa L.) from 1963 to 1968 compared fertilizer placement methods, seeding rates, boron sources, and different methods of precision seeding on Tifton loamy sand. No consistent yield differences were found among the 4 methods of fertilizer placement. Yield was reduced as spacing was reduced from 6 to 3 inches within the rows. Borate 65 was not phytotoxic and was better than borax in controlling brown heart of roots. It was equally effective as a control measure whether applied at seeding time or sidedressed 30 days after seeding. Among methods of precision seeding the Keystone seed tape was most precise in controlling spacing and resulted in 2 days earlier emergence.


Animal biotechnology is the application of recombinant DNA techniques to animals. Genetic engineering and cloning are two older forms of animal biotechnology (Thompson, 2020), and genome editing is a more recent entrant. Animal genomics is the scientific study of structure, function and interrelationships of both individual genes and the genome in its entirety. Utilization of genomic information in breeding is often referred to as genomic selection (GS). In my view these two fields – biotechnology and genomics face entirely different public acceptance issues. In the following paper I review the literature associated with public acceptance of these two fields, and then discuss some of my own (perhaps controversial) thoughts regarding these topics based on my experience and observations.


Superplastic behavior of certain metals and alloys having very fine grains, very large tensile elongations are obtained within certain temperature ranges at low strain rates. These alloys can be formed into complex shapes by superplastic forming, a process that employs common metalworking techniques. This paper aims to study the formability characteristic for aluminium material (Al 7075) by considering variable parameters such as sheet thickness of 1.75 and 1.5 mm and the temperature of 520°C and 530°C.


In this paper we argue that reciprocal expertise affirmationi.e. the mutual recognition by team members that they respect, value, and affirm each other's expertiseis positively related to team performance, but only in teams with high levels of shared expertise perceptions. Moreover, we propose that the joint effects of teams' reciprocal expertise affirmation and sharedness of expertise perceptions on team performance will be mediated by coordinated action. Data from 226 members of 39 student teams, working on a realistic four-week business simulation, supported our hypotheses. Our findings highlight the importance of reciprocal expertise affirmation for the effective functioning of work teams.


Sir, On 02 March 2015, a new updated Drug-Driving Law came into place in England and Wales which introduced a zero tolerance approach to eight illegal drugs including cocaine. Cocaine is still in widespread use in ENT surgery in the form of Moffett's solution. In our department, most surgeons routinely use Moffett's solution to prepare the nose prior to endoscopic sinus surgery, septal and rhinoplasty surgery. The dose used is commonly 1–2 ml of 10% cocaine solution mixed with adrenaline and saline/bicarbonate. This is a dose of cocaine of 100–200 mg, a typical inhaled/ insufflated illegal 'street dose' is 40–100 mg. The inclusion of adrenaline in Moffett's solution decreases the systemic absorption by approximately one-third. The new threshold limit of cocaine in blood for driving is now10 lg/L. Following administration ofMoffett's solution during nasal surgery, serum levels have been recorded up to 310 lg/L. The half-life of cocaine is short, and it is estimated that the window of opportunity for testing for a single dose is between 3.5 and 7 h. The new drug-driving law however also sets a legal limit for cocaine's primary metabolite, benzoylecgonine (50 lg/L in blood). Benzoylecgonine is specific to cocaine and is indicative of its use; it has a much longer half-life. Following a dose of 100 mg cocaine (insufflated), the half-life of benzoylecgonine was reported to be 4–6 h and the window of detection up to approximately 30 h in blood, urine and saliva. One study following patients who had nasal surgery showed that all had positive urine screens for benzoylecgonine at 24 h having received either 40 or 160 mg of intranasal cocaine, all were negative by 72 h. Another study showed detectable amounts of benzoylecgonine in physicians after clinical use. It is conceivable an otolaryngologist regularly using Moffett's solution may fail an initial drug test under the new laws. There is good evidence linking cocaine use to increased risk of road traffic accident both immediately and during the period of fatigue that can last several days afterwards. Manufacturer guidelines state that patients should not drive until their doctor says they are safe to do so. We propose all patients who receive Moffett's solution be appropriately consented before its use and warned they may fail a drug-driving test up to 3 days afterwards. All patients should receive written information on discharge stating the dose of cocaine received and the date administered.


The Generalised MAchine Layout Problem (GMALP) is a generalisation of the integrated machine and layout problem, which is an extension of the machine layout problem. More specifically, the GMALP is the designing of a facility layout by defining the product mix, selecting the number of machines to be used, assigning these machines to the plant floor, and assigning products to machines such that total profit is maximised. Moreover, the GMALP integrates the quadratic assignment problem with a multicommodity flow problem. Therefore, the GMALP is a computationally intractable problem. Consequently, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model was developed and used to solve small problem instances. Also, two simple construction algorithms and a tabu search (TS) heuristic were developed for solving large GMALP instances in acceptable computation times. In addition, a test dataset was used to evaluate the performances of the TS heuristic using the different construction algorithms. The results show that the TS heuristic perform slightly better with the second construction algorithm.


We develop new methods for changes-in-changes and distributional synthetic controls when there exists group level heterogeneity. For changes-in-changes, we allow individuals to belong to a large number of heterogeneous groups. The new method extends the changes-in-changes method in Athey and Imbens (2006) by finding appropriate subgroups within the control groups which share similar group level unobserved characteristics to the treatment groups. For distributional synthetic control, we show that the appropriate synthetic control needs to be constructed using units in potentially different time periods in which they have comparable group level heterogeneity to the treatment group, instead of units that are only in the same time period as in Gunsilius (2023). Implementation and data requirements for these new methods are briefly discussed.


A hose is attached to and sealed off of a fitting such a barb or nipple using a hose clamp, hose clip, or hose lock. This study examines the relationship between experimental results and theoretical models to analyse the bending stress in hose clamps. in the experiment, stiff cylinder was encircled by flat section band clamps, and strain and related displacement were measured. To steadily increase torque till failure, the clamp nut was tightened. The theoretical torque value and the torque obtained from FEM analysis are compared and further analyzed to prepare the hose clamp.


*† ‡ A computational approach for generation of network structures of interconnected carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles, commonly observed in CNT-based materials, is developed and tested. The approach is based on a mesoscopic computational model designed for simulation of large systems of interacting CNTs. The model adopts a coarse-grained representation of a CNT as a sequence of stretchable cylindrical segments defined by a chain of nodes. The dynamic behavior of CNTs is reproduced with the help of a mesoscopic force field, by solving the equations of motion for the nodes. The mesoscopic force field accounts for stretching and bending of individual CNTs, as well as for the van der Waals interactions among the nanotubes. Simulations, performed for systems containing thousands of CNTs and having dimensions on the order of a micrometer, predict spontaneous self-assembly of CNTs into a continuous network of bundles. The structures produced in the simulations are qualitatively similar to the structures of CNT films and mats observed in experiments.


Analysed the characteristic of Shandong peninsula in process of urbanization from time and spatial angle,and bring forward four main environmental problems:structural pollution,water scarcity,offing pollution and infall of seawater,soil erosion; made the conclusion that there is the disparity of regional environmental problem between each region with SPSS software;some suggestion for solve these problems are put forward.


We present an efficient algorithm for nonlocal image filtering with applications in electron cryomicroscopy. Our denoising algorithm is a rewriting of the recently proposed nonlocal mean filter. It builds on the separable property of neighborhood filtering to offer a fast parallel and vectorized implementation in contemporary shared memory computer architectures while reducing the theoretical computational complexity of the original filter. In practice, our approach is much faster than a serial, non-vectorized implementation and it scales linearly with image size. We demonstrate its efficiency in data sets from Caulobacter crescentus tomograms and a cryoimage containing viruses and provide visual evidences attesting the remarkable quality of the nonlocal means scheme in the context of cryoimaging. With such development we provide biologists with an attractive filtering tool to facilitate their scientific discoveries.


The U.S. Senate last month voted to repeal a 1099 tax-filing requirement that would have been time-consuming for retail pharmacists.


The aim of this study was to determine the effect of proffesional competence, education supervision and work discipline to the performance of teachers Junior High School 1Bumiagung Waykanan Lampung. The problems of this study whether there are Junior High School 1 Bumiagung Waykanan Lampung. The data used in this study are primary data 30 respondent reply. Models  analysis used multiple linear regresion and by testing the validity and reliability of instruments. Test charactistics data that is test of normality and linearity test. Test model consist of multicolinearity test and heterokesdatisitas test. Multiple linear regresion test result showed positive proffesional competence, education supervision and job discipline to the performance of teachers Junior High School 1Bumiagung Waykanan Lampung. This study indicates conformity with the theory of proffesionalis competence, education supervision and job discipline of teachers and also performance. Also there are compatibility with previous studies. Increased proffesional, education supervision and job discipline also improve the performance of teachers.


(i) Urinary extract. (ii) Amylobarbitone 75 pg. (iii) Phenobarbitone 50 p g . Any method which gives a lead to the particular barbiturate ingested is therefore of value. The identification of pentobarbitone from its urinary metabolites has been reported' and I wish to report a paper chromatographic pattern which has been frequently seen in this laboratory in the urinary barbiturate extract only in acute phenobarbitone poisoning. Figure 1 illustrates the pattern. The butanol : ammonia solvent system of Algeri and Walker2 on Whatman No. 1 paper followed by their mercuric sulphate : diphenylcarbazone method of development has been used. The tungstic acid protein precipitation method used by Valov3 followed by a sodium bicarbonate wash to remove acids has in all instances been used to extract the barbiturates. They have been then extracted from the ether solution by 0-5N sodium hydroxide when acidification and reextraction into ether has given the crude barbiturate extract for chromatography. Apart from a recent report of the isolation of p-hydroxy phen~barbitone~ in the urine of dogs after ingestion of phenobarbitone no other metabolites have as yet to my knowledge been reported. The slower running spot RF = 0.17 has been extracted from the paper and shows ultra-violet absorption spectra at pH 13, 10 and 2 characteristic of the barbiturate ring. However, there is a slight variation. At pH 13 X = 232.5 mp and X max. = 249-5 mp as distinct from X min. = 233 mp and A mar. = 255 mp for phenobarbitone. Otherwise the spectra, and the change in spectra with p H , follow those generally observed for all barbiturates. This laboratory investigates many instances of barbiturate poisoning, but we have not seen this pattern reproduced by any barbiturate other than phenobarbitone, nor does it normally appear in the blood, brain liver or


In Italy there is no organic set of rules governing the preservation, access and bibliographic control of theses. Nor is there enough information about the treatment of this material in different universities. The results of a survey on the availability of theses undertaken by IFLA in 1979/80 showed an evident lack of interest towards this class of literature and a lack of national and inter-university coordination in the management methods. Given the low response rate of the survey undertaken to get more detailed information about deposit and bibliographic control of theses in Italian universities


Poster is a main way to express advertisment information by graphics language,and it's a media of the exchange of information.In the graphic design field,Poster Design is the most significant content.The traditional culture of China has an overall solemn beauty,and have the content and spirit of the Chinese-style.China National Pattern is our pride and our people's crystallization of the wisdom and history of precipitation.Facing reality of "Design Globalization",we must develop our own localization-poster.And we call it "New National Poster".


Interdisciplinarity in doctoral education currently is strongly advocated by governments and universities as important in developing knowledge useful in addressing significant public problems. However, the efficacy of these claims has not been subject to empirical investigation. Using longitudinal data covering a 13-year period, this research addresses this limitation by examining how variation in interdisciplinary emphasis in social work doctoral programs affects the scholarly orientation and productivity of graduates. The findings suggest that interdisciplinary doctoral education makes a difference, with graduates from programs with higher levels of interdisciplinarity demonstrating more generalist scholarly orientations, and achieving higher levels of scholarly productivity.


The invention provides a water supply network management method. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a water supply network geographic information system; monitoring the flow data of a water supply network; determining the leakage level of each network region in the water supply network according to the water supply network geographic information system and the flow data; and according to the leakage level of each network region, determining the network region to be processed, and determining the leakage point to be processed in the network region to be processed. The invention also provides a water supply network management system. By adopting the water supply network management method and system, the flow data of the network can be monitored, the leakage condition of the water supply network can be determined, the leakage processing strategy can be provided, and the water loss and operating cost of the network can be reduced.


In the traditional teaching mode, the beginners generally feel that the concepts in the programming courses are abstract and the programming ability is difficult to improve. Analyzing the teaching contents and the key difficulties in the teaching activities, we put forward the mixed teaching mode which combines the MOOC teaching mode and the traditional classroom teaching mode. This teaching mode can make full use of the existing online resources to build courses, and focus on arousing the learners' autonomous learning motivation and the mutual cooperation ability within study groups. The teaching practice shows that this mixed teaching mode can better improve the learning interest and practical programming ability of the students compared with the traditional teaching mode.


Regarding my article,[1][1] the value of any registry, such as the one identified by Richard Gruneir, can be judged by 2 criteria: first, the degree to which the participants reliably represent the group as a whole (in this case, pregnant women with epilepsy) and second, the accuracy of the


Boundedness and compactness of little Hankel operators from H∞ to the Bloch space and the little Bloch space are characterised.


Aiming at the safety verification problems of autonomous vehicles in complex environments, this paper proposes a novel vehicle-in-the-loop test method and discusses the key technologies of the method. The test system consists of simulation environment, control center and automatic test vehicle. Firstly, it can map the virtual scene in the simulation environment to the real test environment through the control center and drive the automatic test vehicle to complete the test cases. Secondly, performance indicators such as intelligent perception and behavioral decision-making of the tested self-driving car can be quickly collected through sensor and data fusion. Then a closed loop system is built based on the virtual simulation scene, control center, automatic test vehicle and the tested vehicle. The virtual scene can meet the requirements of testing the performance of the autonomous vehicle under various scenarios. Keywords—VIL, autonomous vehicle, test method


Let a strongly stable norm on the set M n of complex n-by-n matrices be given, which means that for all A ∈ M n and all . Furthermore, let be a power series with nonnegative coefficients c k  ≥ 0 and radius of convergence R>0. If , we additionally suppose that c 0 = f(0) = 0. We aim to characterize those A with , which fulfil . We first show how to reduce the discussion of f to Neumann series. For matrix norms induced by uniformly convex vector norms, like the ℓ p -norms, p ∈ (1, ∞), it follows from known results of the Daugavet equation that holds true if, and only if, is an eigenvalue of A, provided that c k c k+1 ≠ 0 for some k ≥ 0. Under adapted assumptions on the c k we prove that this equivalence remains true for the ℓ1- and the ℓ∞-norm, for unitarily invariant matrix norms and for the numerical radius. We conjecture this equivalence to be valid for all strongly stable norms if c k  > 0 for all k ≥ 1.


Web services provide standard means to promote interoperability and extensibility among software applications, as well as to allow them to be combined in order to perform more complex operations. Therefore web services have to be described, published, discovered, invoked and composed. Within this process describing Web services using ontology will enhance service discovery. The "quality" of that discovery depends on the used algorithms and techniques. In this paper we propose a novel approach to enhance web service discovery based on, among others, requesters' preferences. First of all, we propose a way to express preferences of request elements. Then we introduce a matching algorithm that takes into account theses preferences in the discovery process.


This article reviews the literature on the effect of stroke on the family. Although there is comparatively little information on this particular aspect of cerebrovascular accident, the little there is highlights a depressing problem. The article also looks at ways in which many of the difficulties experienced could be lessened by the services available.


Resistance to metronidazole (MTZ) is common among Helicobacter pylori strains in many societies, and results from loss of function mutations in genes for one or more cellular nitroreductases. When functional, these enzymes convert MTZ from a harmless prodrug to mutagenic and bacteriocidal products (probably hydroxylamine‐type compounds), and in the process may generate active reactive oxygen metabolites. Here we examine the protein profiles of a derivative of strain 26695 that is resistant to moderate levels of MTZ because of mutation in rdxA (HP0954), the gene for the most important of these nitroreductases. The strain was grown with and without 18 μg/mL of MTZ to assess whether sublethal exposure triggers an adaptive response. Bacterial lysates were subjected to two‐dimensional (2‐D) electrophoresis and protein bands were identified by mass spectrometry and sequence analysis. Several proteins were decreased at least two‐fold during growth with MTZ, yet the levels of various isoforms of alkylhydroperoxide reductase (AHP) (encoded by ahpC HP1563) were increased. AHP is an essential enzyme, and had been linked to resistance to oxygen toxicity in various prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems; we propose that the ability of an rdxA mutant strain to increase AHP abundance during exposure to MTZ is critically important in the realization of the resistance phenotype. More generally, these results highlight the potential of proteome analysis to tracing out how pathogenic bacteria cope with the challenges imposed on them by therapy or host responses to infection.


ABSTRACT Acteocemas, a very poorly documented early Miocene stem-cervid, is one of the first ruminants bearing antler-like appendages, which has provided a ground for discussion on the origin of antlers. We describe a new and very complete appendage from the site of Sant Andreu de la Barca (Spain) together with some other unpublished specimens from the nearby Costablanca attributed to Acteocemas aff. infans, compare with fossils from elsewhere in Europe (including the A. infans holotype), and perform micro-CT scans. The findings provide new empirical data that Acteocemas protoantlers were able to be cast and re-grown. However, microstructural analyses suggest that the protoantler lifespan could be longer than that of modern antlers, preventing it from assuming a similar cycle. Results support that increased seasonality associated with a drop in global temperatures played a role in the origin of antler regeneration, and that deciduousness (through bone shedding) was an efficient way for (male)deer to reduce the seasonal leftover of bone mass. The early evolution of deciduousness, as in the probable irregular protoanter cycle of Acteocemas, was limited by the warming ca. 17–15 Ma, whereas the emergence of antlers with coronet was concomitant with the second increase in seasonality associated to the cooling ca. 15–13 Ma.


The diagnosis of T-cell and natural killer (NK-) cell lymphoma remains a big challenge to histopathologists and clinicians managing lymphoma. In most places around the world, these tumors are less commonly seen than their B-cell counterparts. Also, their presentations are often atypical. A final diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma depends on an accurate histopathological assessment by an experienced pathologist.


A novel multifunction stethoscope system for telemedicine and home-care applications is being developed. By providing functions such as video-conferencing, remote-auscultation, heart sound and lung sound separation, electrocardiogram recording, and automatic pre-diagnosis, the system facilitates doctors in remote patient-monitoring and tele-consultation. Bluetooth wireless communication technology and embedded processor are employed for the device's mobile and wearable use at home. Preliminary tests show the usefulness and feasibility of the system


Market positioning decides the basic strategy of marketing, so its matching with structural distribution network must be taken into consideration in programming. Market Positioning not only determines the terminal form of distribution network, the density of network and the principle of converse design, but also decides the management hierarchy and latitude of the network as well as the select mode of regional market.