In October 1983 a major borehole seismic survey was carried out in the Ekofisk oil field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea on behalf of the Phillips Petroleum Licence 018 group of companies. A vertical seismic profile with the source vertically above the geophone in the highly deviated wellbore and three multilevel walk‐away borehole profiles were acquired in an area showing very poor surface seismic returns owing to gas charging in the overlying sediments. The processing of the data through to a series of conventional common‐midpoint sections has permitted detailed interpretation of the top of the Ekofisk formation and the top of the Tor formation apart from well control. Both formations are producers separated by a tight zone. The Tor formation is the primary horizon to waterflood. Information as to its lateral continuity is important in the location of proposed waterflood injector wells. Prior to the survey, the field was considered effectively unfaulted. An apparent graben lying subparallel to ...


. The Mauritanian Tasiast unit in the Southwestern Reguibat Archean Shield (North of the West African craton = WAC) consists mainly of gneiss dated between 3.07 and 2.91 Ga. We present new field and petrographic observations combined with whole-rock geochemical data on gneisses of Tasiast to understand their petrogenesis, tectonic setting, and the evolution of the continental crust of WAC. These data provide firm evidence of two distinct orthogneisses: trondhjemite and high-K granite a ffi nities. Geochemical characters suggest that (1) trondhjemites magma source were originally derived from polybaric partial melting at the thickened crust occurred over a range of P – T conditions, covering the stability fields of garnet amphibolite and rutile eclogite. The trondhjemite composition is attributed to mixing of two major melts: one originating from eclogitic facies source region (high Nb/Ta) and the other from a garnet-amphibolite facies (low Nb/Ta) leaving garnet, amphibole,andrutileintheresidue.(2)Comparedtotrondhjemite,thegraniteswithhighK 2 OandRb contents,andlowNa 2 O,Al 2 O 3 andSrcontentssuggestthatbasalticoceaniccrustwasnottheirsource material. Moreover, field relationships suggest that the granites were derived from partial melting of trondhjemites. Hence, the trondhjemite and high-K granites marked together two distinct stages during the growth of the continental crust in the Tasiast area.


As an important part of power system, the safe and stable operation of distribution network affects the power quality of the whole society and the reliability of power grid operation. As a technology widely used in Internet of things equipment, radio frequency identification (RFID) has the characteristics of non-contact reading and wide identification range, which is especially suitable for the working situation of patrol distribution network equipment. Based on radio frequency identification technology, non-contact two-way communication is carried out. According to the task transmitted from the workstation, the inspection results are recorded, and the field data is transmitted to the background management system through the wireless communication network. The intelligent purpose of the distribution network inspection system is realized, so as to improve the inspection efficiency and the reliability of the power grid operation.


Abstract We constructed a model ofpredation by northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis on juvenile salmonids migrating through John Day Reservoir. The model predicts salmonid survival as a function of number and distribution of northern squawfish, number and timing of juvenile salmonids entering the reservoir, salmonid residence time, water temperature, and flow. The model predicted survival similar to independent estimates for 1983–1986 and also approximated differences among areas and months. Uncertainty analyses showed that the number of salmonids surviving predation may vary ±5% with normal annual variation in predator number, temperature, and flow. Survival in 1983–1986 was near the average predicted from 30 years of historic environmental data. Sensitivity analyses implied that the best avenues ofreducing predation are to reduce the number of northern squawfish, pass salmonids earlier in the year, and maintain sizes of runs of juvenile salmonids at or above present levels. Survival of salmonids...


Espen, at the request of Van Erkel, came to the support of the Church of Utrecht, and in 172 5 published his De numero Episcoporum ad validam Ordinationem Episcopi requisito Responsio Epistolaris. .This was at once denounced by Spinelli, the Internuncio at Brussels, who secured its initial condemnation by the Grand Council of Malines, but Van Espen was able to defend himself successfully, and in 1726 he wrote a full defence of the Church of Utrecht. Proceedings were still pending against him, however, on account of the Responsio Epistolaris and, as has been said already, in 1727 his position was further complicated by the attacks on him as a Jansenist. Van Espen remained at Maastricht from the end of February to July 1728, during. which time he worked at the material for his defence. Some attempts were made to kidnap him and to abuse his extreme age and frailty to extract a forced retraction and so, for greater safety, he was urged to go into Holland. The States-General ordered a military escort to be given for his protection and he was received warmly by the Archbishop of Utrecht, Barchman, who had been one of his pupils, and the Bishop of Babylon. He established himself at the Seminary of Amersfoort, where the President, J. Willemaers, was an old friend of Louvain 'days, and there he enjoyed two months' peace before his death. One of his motives in leaving Louvain had been the fear that he might die deprived of the Sacraments. At the end of September 1728 he developed a slight fever, received the last Sacraments and died after a short illness on October 2. The Archbishop officiated at his funeral and he was buried in the vault of the noble family of Foeyt at the entrance to the choir of the Church of St George, then, as now, in' the possession of the Protestants. His epitaph contains the words: SSe Canonum consultissimus, integerrimusque interpres, multis lucubrationibus, oirtutibus, persecutionibus clarus; Patriam maluit in extrema senectute quam justitiam et veritatem deserere. ERIC KEMP.


The dielectric and relaxation parameters of a binary system of edible oils, containing unsaturated fats namely mustard oil and coconut oil/ground nut oil/linseed oil in different proportions by volume are measured at different frequencies and a constant temperature (40°C). It is realized that at the given temperature, the dielectric constant of prepared samples at microwave frequency increases with increasing percentage of impurities. The dielectric loss at microwave frequency also increases with the increase in the amount of added impurity. However dielectric constant at optical frequency tends to decrease under similar conditions. The proposed technique to check the purity of samples at microwave frequencies is found better than the traditionally applied optical technique because here different dielectric parameters like dielectric constant (e'), dielectric loss (e") and dielectric relaxation in prepared samples may be determined at a time.


T HE attempt by Leriche (5) to relieve pain by periarterial sympathectomy renelred in tere t in the peri pheral pathway of va cular innelYation. The proof that impul e' could trave l o\,er long pathway along periarterial networks, "by-pa. sing" levels of injury to the pinal cord and cauda equi na, would olve many puzzling problems of I'a '0motor control in uch injuri e..: . A large and controversial literature exi 'ls, lI'hich if exten 'i\'ely cited would tend to increase the confusion. It is thought better to refer to a few anatomical fact. and make deduction from our 0 1\"11 considerable mate rial. Although Leriche lI'a' concel'lled lI'ith the relief of periphera l pain , the mechanism of \'a 'omotor eontrol of the I'c,'sels in the extremi tie' is based upon the same anatomieal foundation'. Despite t he report of 'ucee' ful t reatment of peripheral pain by periarterial sympathectomy, the theory of long pathways (e ither afferent 0 1' efferent), ol'e r peril'a 'cular netll'ork ', ha ' not been 'ubsta ntiated, Kramer and Todd (-t-), as well a, Woolard (10), hal'e demon trated that the I'ascltl ar nel'l'es of the I imbrs are di::;tribu ted by two modes: 1) a proximal innel'l'ation , for exam pi , 'uch a' i ' deril'ed from an extension of the aortie plexu ' in the abdomen, follolring t he Gommon and external iliac arterie ' into the thigh (these do not extend beyond the femoral arte ry); 2) the di tal innel'l'at ion Irhieh is carried to the peripheral vessels by the omatie nel'l'e


AbstractUsing pervenous catheterization techniques, selected segments of the left lung of intact dogs were perfused with systemic arterial blood at flow rates from zero to 2.451/min. Except at very lo


Altered virtual reality self-representations can augment human capabilities by exploiting the Proteus effect. For example, previous work has shown that embodying an avatar that signifies super-intelligence, Einstein, enhanced the users' performance in cognitive tasks. In this paper, we show that embodying an avatar that signifies superior athletic skills enhances the users' physical performance. We conducted a between-subject experiment (n = 50) where participants played a soccer game while being embodied in a famous soccer avatar and in a generic avatar. We reflect on how self-esteem, embodiment illusion, and presence moderate the Proteus effect. Our results showed that participants embodied as a professional soccer celebrity performed better in the tasks and had a higher sense of embodiment compared to those with a generic avatar. Our results can be used to design engaging exergames and technological interventions to expand human capabilities.


We present a new catalog of 18080 radial velocity (RV) standard stars selected from the APOGEE data. These RV standard stars are observed at least three times and have a median stability (3σRV) around 240 m s−1 over a time baseline longer than 200 days. They are largely distributed in the northern sky and could be extended to the southern sky by the future APOGEE-2 survey. Most of the stars are red giants (J − Ks ≥ 0.5) owing to the APOGEE target selection criteria. Only about 10 per cent of them are main-sequence stars. The H-band magnitude range of the stars is 7–12.5 mag with the faint limit much fainter than the magnitudes of previous RV standard stars. As an application, we show the new set of standard stars to determine the RV zero points of the RAVE, the LAMOST, and the Gaia-RVS Galactic spectroscopic surveys.


In the framework of a discrete Markov decision process with state information lag, this article suggests a way for selecting an optimal policy using the control limit rule. The properties sufficient for an optimal decision rule to be contained in the class of control limit rules are also studied. The degradation in expected reward from that of the perfect information process provides a measure of the potential value of improving the information system.


We calculate the conductance spectra of a Co atom adsorbed on Cu(111), considering the Co 3d orbitals within a correlated multiple configurations model interacting through the substrate band with the Co 4s orbital, which is treated in a mean-field like approximation. By symmetry, only the dz2 orbital couples with the s orbital through the Cu bands, and the interference between both conduction channels introduces a zero-bias anomaly in the conductance spectra. We find that, while the Kondo resonance is mainly determined by the interaction of the Co d orbitals with the bulk states of the Cu(111) surface, a proper description of the contribution given by the coupling with the localized surface states to the Anderson widths is crucial to describe the interference line shape. We find that the coupling of the Co 4s orbital with the Shockley surface states is responsible of two main features observed in the measured conductance spectra, the dip shape around the Fermi energy and the resonance structure at the surface state low band edge.


The results of a mechanistic study using ab initio theoretical methods are used to outline plausible mechanistic sequences for alkane, alcohol, and alkene oxidation by chromyl and molybdyl chlorides. We suggest that the second oxo group is intimately involved in the reaction sequence. This spectator oxo group is suggested to play a central role in stabilizing critical intermediates in these reactions and may be important in other oxidation reactions of metal oxides (Mn042-, OsO,, Ru04, and supported transition metal oxides).


PART I: EDUCATIONAL BASICS 1. Educating Deaf Students: An Introduction 2. Lessons from History 3. Characteristics of Deaf Learners 4. Education Begins at Home PART II: EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES AND PROGRAMS 5. Language Development and Deaf Children 6. Cognitive Development and Deaf Children 7. Educational Programs and Philosophies 8. Reading, Writing, and Literacy 9. Teaching and Curriculum PART III: CONCLUSION 10. Looking Ahead While Glancing Back Notes References Author Index Subject Index


The effects of regular and modified potato and corn starches on improving meat batters prepared with 20% canola oil were investigated. Five of the six modified starches significantly reduced cooking loss as compared to control. The native corn did not, and its microstructure revealed incomplete gelatinization during cooking. One of the modified corn starches was totally incompatible with the meat matrix, resulting in low hardness, yield and incoherent microstructure. Fat loss was low, but reduced/eliminated by starch. Color was slightly affected by starch, but no major trend was observed. Overall, processors should carefully evaluate the functionality of starch they employ.


Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Chlor Hexidine diacetate salt (CHX) to the wettability of experimental resininfiltrants on smooth or rough glass surfaces. Methods: Three experimental resin-infiltrants were produced: 1) TEGDMA Infiltrant (TI) + (0.5%camphorquinone + 1%DMAEMA and 0.1%BHT); 2) TI + 0.1% CHX; 3) TI + 0.2% CHX. TEGDMA was used as control. Wettability of experimental resin-infiltrants was assessed by sessile drop method for contact angle measurements with Digidrop (n = 12 per surface type). An image of each drop was captured and analyzed with the GBX Digidrop software. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: A significant interaction between materials and surface types was found (p<0.01). For smooth surfaces, there was no statistical difference among the materials (p>0.05). In contrast, the contact angleon rough surfaces was significantly reduced by the addition of 0.1% or 0.2% CHX (38±3° and 35±4° respectively) as compared to the control group (TEGDMA, 47±2° and TI 44±5°) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The addition of CHX improved the wettability of experimental infiltrants on rough surfaces, regardless of the CHX concentration, suggesting that it might be an alternative approach for incipient enamel caries lesions.


We here propose web portal for our farmer to help them in increasing their profit margin. So basically, the aim of the webpage is to provide the basic information about the crop prize bythe wholesaler. Also, the best crop selection according to the area, soil, climate of the region. It has a loan wavier facility which will provide them the proper loan information for farmers in their area. In this there will be a separate login for the wholesalers so that they can also gain a profit and the farmers can login and enter their product name (e.g., onion) and they will be with the information of the wholesaler of their product and also the price of the product, so that they Can make some profit out of it.


This paper's basic objective is to design a framework for the efficient accommodation of repatriated migrant workers in Odisha's rural sector (India). For this purpose, secondary data derived through content analysis have been analyzed and interpreted. Besides recognizing migrant workers' wishes and ascertaining their inbuilt skill sets, the framework will focus on skill mapping with the existing and would-be economic activities in the rural sector. Since the inflow of returnee migrant workers to the rural sector has been a crucial point of concern for respective state governments owing to the Covid-19 pandemic, all state governments are alert to addressing the issues of returnee migrants. The State of Odisha is not an exception to this concern. It has been putting all its efforts into accommodating all repatriated migrant workers in the rural sector's economic activities, but with no significant achievement. A framework embedded within the skills matrix will help accommodate returnee migrants to promote rural development against this backdrop. This study's findings will help policymakers shift focus from transfer payments to the creation of capital overheads.


Objective To explore the performance appraisal methods and mode of payment for the basic public health service platform.Methods Analysis was conducted on the frame structure,process definition,advantages or disadvantages between percentile method and quantitative method.Results Percentile method,poor in objectivity,was difficult to obtain a satisfactory weight.On the other hand,quantitative method which established the internal connection between quantity and mass factor on the basis of unit price cost calculation of project task,could reflect the actual service amount provided by the service platform.Conclusions Percentile method needs to revise weight in time based on the changes of criteria.In addition,quantitative method can be the appraisal and appropriation basis for the project services,in combination with residents' overall satisfaction.


Coupled restriction digestion with HpaII/MspI and EcoRII/BstNI was performed to detect the methylation level of CCGG and CC(A/T)GG sites, respectively, in DNA of leaf explants, embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli as well as of various morphological structures from different developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) suspension cultures. DNA methylation was lower as a whole in the most basal leaf portion, from which callus and embryos develop (indirect somatic embryogenesis) when compared to the more distal leaf parts, from which somatic embryos are formed (direct somatic embryogenesis). Significant differences in the DNA methylation level were observed in embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli from the same genotype, cultured under identical conditions. During somatic embryogenesis variations were observed at the level of methylation according to a characteristic pattern. The three morphological structures (microclusters, proembryogenic masses and embryos) showed different levels of methylation, the lowest level being found in the fraction containing the microcluster cells.


Networks-on-chip (NoCs) are key components in many-core chip designs. Dynamic power-awareness is a new challenge present in NoCs that must be efficiently handled by the routing functionality as it introduces irregularities in the commonly used 2-D meshes. In this article, we propose a logic-based routing algorithm, iFDOR, oriented towards dynamic powering down one region within every application partition on the chip through dynamic rerouting, with low implementation costs. Results show that we can successfully shutdown an arbitrary rectangular region within an application partition without significant impact on network performance.


ABSTRACT: We investigate whether boards of directors adjust compensation contracts to lengthen a CEO's decision horizon, and if the use of such contract adjustments depends on the levels of external (i.e., shareholder-based) and internal (i.e., board-based) CEO monitoring. Based on insights from the career-concerns literature, we identify short-horizon CEOs as those nearing retirement, at a firm with a current earnings decline or loss, and/or with an impending job change. We find that firms with a CEO identified as having a short-horizon place greater contract weight on forward-looking information. This horizon-lengthening contract adjustment is less pronounced when there is greater external monitoring (i.e., as proxied by a high level of shareholder rights), consistent with the intuition that increased shareholder rights mitigate CEO entrenchment, leading to less myopic decision making, independent of a contract adjustment. However, we also find that the horizon-lengthening contract adjustment is more pr...


Due to recent tendencies to eliminate the electrodes in discharge lamps, this paper presents a feasibility study to determine whether is possible to replace electrode terminals with capacitance coupling (dielectric barrier discharge) operating as glow discharge. The results showed that is possible to operate a fluorescent lamp using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at relatively low frequencies (100 kHz-200 kHz) and obtain a considerable large luminous efficacy. This paper will especially focus on the use of DBD combined with short high voltage pulses. The short high voltage pulses are obtained from a class-E-converter with output transformer. In the introduction part is presented a general review about three different ways to obtain an electrodeless lamp, in the second part is showed how was implemented the capacitive coupling, the next part presents the used model and the followed method to estimate the coupling capacitors, continuing the prototype is presented and finally in the last section the results are presented and discussed


The authors (J. C. O'Donovan, MD, and A. S. Bradstock, Jr, BSPharm) tell us at the outset that their study of colic in this issue of the Journal (see page 999) "was supported entirely by the goodwill of the families involved." Goodwill, indeed! Almost the one thing needful! Of the 110 infants eligible for the authors' careful presentation, only 13 were removed for noncompliance! In the 1920s, two of my children, both girls, had "three months' colic" more severely than that described by our authors. They did not cry: they shrieked in the afternoon and evening hours—and became delightful children and adults. O'Donovan and Bradstock's excellent description of their patients applies perfectly to the two we had around the house and to a series that I thought well qualified to write about some 50 years ago. 1 My colicky patients seemed so much "worse off" than theirs, mainly for two


Mineral mapping with hyperspectral images has been demonstrated as an effective way for land resources survey. K-means, as a typical clustering algorithm, is commonly used to process the object identification of hyperspectral images. However, due to the influence of mixed pixel, the matching of data points and cluster centers of the traditional k-means clustering algorithm is very difficult. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved k-means clustering algorithm to identify the mineral types from the AVIRIS hyperspectral image of Cuprite mining area. This algorithm uses three methods to select the initial cluster centers and spectral information divergence instead of Euclidean distance for better measuring the similarity. Finally, by matching the clustering results with the mineral distribution map of this region and USGS mineral spectral library, it was found that the improved k-means clustering algorithm can get better clustering results and higher mineral mapping accuracy than the traditional algorithm.


Globally, buildings are responsible for an estimated 40% of energy consumption and 33% of CO2 emissions. In a bid to reduce CO2 emissions and hence, global warming, it has become necessary to ensure the energy efficient construction and operation of buildings. Understanding how a building utilises energy is a critical step to increase its efficiency. In this study, we leverage on an open-source data obtained from UCI data repository. Exploratory data analysis and feature engineering were used to eliminate non-contributing features while identifying key attributes of the data for model training. Linear Regression (LR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) were employed as the machine learning techniques for the study. The models were trained using a repeated cross-validation technique. The models' performance was evaluated on an independent data set segregated for testing. The LR model was trained with nine out of thirty-three features, while the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model used twenty-eight features for its training. The SVR model had a higher variance (0.48), accuracy (92.41%), and lower Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 7.59% compared to the LR model's variance of 0.26, accuracy of 91.87%, and MAPE of 8.13%. The SVR model was more accurate in predicting energy consumption, as it showed better accuracy on the test set with lower MAPE and higher R-squared value. Both models outperformed a relatively complex and computationally expensive model in a previous study. It also identified areas with high energy consumption which could be used to inform the building's energy management strategy.


Having established a gap in literature regarding job satisfaction among print age, gender and marital status as factors of job satisfaction among print method, a total of 199 participants were selected for the study. There were 107 males and 92 females; with their ages ranging between 20 – 67 years. 114 of the participan The highest educational qualification was master's degree, while the least was ordinary level school leaving certificate. Three hypotheses were tested and the results indicated that age and gend satisfaction among the selected population. (Age: df =197, t= However, marital status did not significantly predict job satisfaction (df = 4, F=.291, p >.05). The findings significant implication for recruitment and policy making in organizations.


The stem structure and leaf epidermis of four species of Ranunculus L. genus growing in Blagoveshchensk district of Amur region are comparatively analyzed in the article. The most important diagnostic and conditionally-informative characters, which may be used for intra-species diagnostics, are determined for the first time.


The authors have expressed the nonlinear optical absorption of a semiconductor in terms of its linear spectrum. They determined that the two-photon absorption coefficient in a strong dc electric field of a direct gap semiconductor can be expressed as the product of a differential operator times the convolution integral of the linear absorption without a dc electric field and an Airy function. They have applied this formalism to calculate the two-photon absorption coefficient and nonlinear refraction for GaAs and ZnSe using their linear absorption and have found excellent agreement with available experimental data.


This manuscript presents a novel blind modulation classification method applied to adaptive FBMC/OQAM systems which utilizes a neural network to combine different information types for distinguishing between different modulation formats. In the considered bit-loaded multicarrier transmission system, the receiver classifies the bit allocation table based on the received signal. Since the transmission channels from transmit and receive direction are correlated in time-division duplex systems, important side information about the used modulation schemes on each subcarrier is available, thus enabling a much more reliable classification. A deep learning-based algorithm is investigated numerically that extracts features from preprocessed data such as likelihood and receiver bandwidth efficiency values. Simulation results show a superior performance in typical wireless local area network scenarios compared to existing approaches.


Ozone isopleths plotted with measured values of ozone, hydrocarbons and total reactive nitrogen (NOy) are proposed to visualize ozone production regimes at distinct locations. The applicability of the concept is confirmed with measurements at two distinct sites in the Italian Po Basin. Empirical ozone isopleths at the urban site clearly show ROG‐sensitive ozone production, with ozone increasing with increasing ROG concentrations and decreasing with increasing ambient levels of NOx. At the rural site NOx‐sensitive ozone production prevails, in accordance with previous results.


This paper is concerned with the general laws of flow process and fluvial process in the front area of the dam site of the Three Gorges Reservoir during the 1st and 2nd periods of cofferdam construction, especially including the characteristics of flow and sediment transportation, the mechanism of sedimentation and erosion, the equilibrium area and retention area, as well as the influence of cross section shrinkage on deposition and erosion.


Mining activities and metallurgical processes often introduce considerable amounts of heavy metals to the surrounding environment; especially the nearby water bodies as well as groundwater system.1 High concentrations of most heavy metals are highly toxic to living organisms including humans. Moreover, many heavy metals can accumulate in organisms (i.e., bioaccumulation) and be consumed by other organisms along the food chain.2 among the common heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), which is mostly sourced from zinc refinery, has the highest toxicity to most organisms.3 Inhalation of high levels of Cd in a short period of time can lead to acute flu-like symptoms and lung damages, while long-term exposure to Cd can result in serious kidney, bone and lung diseases.4 In addition, cadmium and its compounds are also known to be carcinogenic.5 Therefore, removing heavy metals, particularly Cd from the contaminated aquatic environment has long been an important challenge.


ETCS (European Train Control System) is an automatic control system that controls the speed limits of a train. Correct operation of this system is crucial as malfunctions in the system can cause serious accidents such as train collisions. It is essential that train-ground communication is reliable as this ensures the smooth operation of trains and accurate train parking on stations. The ground-based balise is a passive device that is energized by a passing train, and then communicates with the BTM (Balise transmission module) attached on the train via telegram messages to update the train of its location. However, there are vulnerabilities present in the balise air-gap interface that can be exploited by malicious attackers to alter or manipulated information on telegrams. This paper describes malicious attacks such as changing the locality information of balise can be exploited from attacking the vulnerability of air-gap interface of the balise-based system. This paper therefore proposes three security designs to check data integrity on telegram messages so as to protect the train balise telegram data integrity.


This paper draws on two separate research projects dealing with sensitive issues. The first project looks at work done in high schools with boys on gender and violence. The second investigates teachers' work with maltreated pre-school age children. Our paper explores some of the dilemmas and constraints of researching topics like violence, including sexual violence. The paper also considers the ways in which the current marketisation of schools and child care centres and the changing context of teachers' work serves to silence inquiry into topics such as gendered violence in schools and child abuse.


Allergic asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation and remodelling of the airways, associated with dysregulated type 2 immune responses and allergen‐specific IgE. T follicular helper cells (TFH) are crucial in T‐dependent B‐cell responses and have been implicated in allergic airway disease (AAD). TFH, unlike other CD4+ T cells, are uniquely reliant on continuous ICOS signalling to maintain their phenotype after T‐cell priming; therefore, disrupting this signal can impair TFH responses. However, the contribution of TFH to disease during chronic aero‐allergen exposure and the therapeutic potential of targeting these cells have not been evaluated.


Magnetic resonance imaging proven to be of considerable value in evaluating patients with anorectal malformations. Comparing triplanar 2D MR images with reformatted images from a single 3D sequence has revealed no significant differences with regard to image quality and diagnostic information obtained. However, the mean acquisition time for the 3D sequence was notably shorter than acquisition time for the 2D sequences in three planes. Therefore, a single sagittal 3D sequence with postprocessing multiplanner reconstruction can potentially replace the 2D sequences in different planes, decreasing the examination time. This advantage of shortening the time would be considered of crucial imporatcne espically in the peadiatric age group.


Every environment is surrounded by traditional people who have lived in the geographic location for a long time and use their particular knowledge to cohabit with the natural ecosystem. This study assessed challenges encountered towards tree conservation by the Rendille pastoral community in Kenya. Selected tree species; Olea europaea, Terminalia sp. and Hyphaene compressa, that are commonly used by the community were identified and the probable threats towards their conservation. Some of these tree conservation challenges by the indigenous Rendille were: charcoal burning and fuel wood consumption, demand of traditional tree medicinal value, climate variability extremes and demand for land for settlement by the community. The results indicate that, charcoal burning (84.4%) and demand for traditional tree medicine (77.3%) were leading causes frustrating tree conservation among the Rendille. To mitigate these challenges, the respondents indicated that, creation of awareness (89.1%) and promotion of other sources of fuel (78.9%) could be vital factors. The study recommends Integration of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) with formal education to enhance conservation of the mentioned tree species.


Terahertz (THz) band (0.1 THz-10 THz) is the next frontier for the ultra-high-speed communication systems. Currently, most of communications research in this spectral range is focused on wireless systems, while waveguide/fiber-based links have been less explored. Although free space communications have several advantages such as convenience in mobility for the end user, as well as easier multi-device interconnectivity in simple environments, the fiber-based communications provide superior performance in certain short-range communication applications such as multi-device connectivity in complex geometrical environments (ex. intra-vehicle connectivity), secure communications with low probability of eavesdropping, as well as secure signal delivery to hard-to-reach or highly protected environments. In this work, we present an in-depth experimental and numerical study of the short-range THz communications links that use subwavelength dielectric fibers for information transmission and define main challenges and tradeoffs in the link implementation. Particularly, we use air or foam-cladded polypropylene-core subwavelength dielectric THz fibers of various diameters (0.57-1.75 mm) to study link performance as a function of the link length of up to ~10 m, and data bitrates of up to 6 Gbps at the carrier frequency of 128 GHz (2.34 mm wavelength). We find that depending on the fiber diameter, the quality of the transmitted signal is mostly limited either by the modal propagation loss or by the fiber velocity dispersion (GVD). An error-free transmission over 10 meters is achieved for the bit rate of 4 Gbps using the fiber of smaller 0.57 mm diameter. Furthermore, since the fields of subwavelength fibers are weakly confined and extend deep into the air cladding, we study the modal field extent outside of the fiber core, as well as fiber bending loss. Finally, the power budget of the rod-in-air subwavelength THz fiber-based links is compared to that of free space communication links and we demonstrate that fiber links offer an excellent solution for various short-range applications.


We consider a two-component Bose-condensed mixture with soft-core repulsive interactions between the particles. We assume equal densities and intra-species interactions. The inter-species interaction differs both by its strength and spatial range. By doing the Bogoliubov transformation of an effective Hamiltonian we obtain the lower energy spin-wave dispersion incorporating the superfluid entrainment between the components. At sufficiently large density approaching the miscibility transition results in appearance of a roton-maxon structure in the spectrum. The roton gap may be closed by increasing the drag density, so that the phase separation occurs at a finite wavelength via self-localization of magnetorotons. This furnishes a possibility to zoom into the enigmatic interior of the Feynman vortex ring and exposes its fundamental link to the the state-of-the-art view of a roton as a ghost of the Bragg spot.


The cDNA of CCF (coelomic cytolytic factor)-like gene (EC 22.214.171.124), a kind of glycosyl hydorlase, was isolated and cloned from the midgut of the earthworm Eisenia anderi. The size of nucleotide sequence appeared to be 1,152 bp and its predicted coding region was composed of 384 amino acid residues including the initiation methionine. The 17 residues at N-terminal end in the deduced amino acid sequence were regarded to be a signal peptide. Based on the amino acid sequence analysis, it appeared that this CCF-like protein could belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (GHF16) and showed a high sequence homology of about 79~99% with CCF and CCF-like proteins from other earthworm species. The CCFs and CCF-like proteins from various earthworm species exhibited a 100% homology in the polysacchride-binding motif and glucanase motif. It has been reported that the CCFs isolated from E. fedita appeared to show a broader pattern recognition specificity than those from other earthworm species because this species resides in decaying organic matter showing very high microbial activity, implying that CCF-like protein isolated in this study from E. andrei might exhibit a broad substrate specificity that is a useful characteristic for industrial application. A phylogenetic analysis using the deduced amino acid sequences of CCF-related proteins through the BLASTX revealed that GHF16 families could be divided into three groups of metazoa, viriplantae and eubacteria subfamily. Subsequently the CCF-related proteins of metazoa subfamily could clearly be subgroup into lophotrochozoan and edysozoan type including a deuterostome origin. Further understanding of the biological properties of E. andrei CCF-like protein should be addressed to regulate the β-D-glucan hydrolysis and production for the industrial uses.


Multi-view video coding by using the hierarchical B picture structure utilizes intra-view and inter-view predictions to reduce redundant information. The best coding mode is determined by exhaustively searching over all possible partition modes using rate distortion comparison in motion estimation for each macroblock. However, there is a high computational complexity in exhaustive searching. This study analyzes the statistics of coding mode distribution in the inter- and intra-view and then a fast mode decision algorithm is proposed to select a proper coding mode, in which the probability density function of RD cost and motion homogeneity degree are set as the multi-threshold in the algorithm to achieve the mode determination. For multi-view, the mode correlation of the neighboring views is utilized to select the coding mode from interview or the intra-view prediction. Experimental results show that the encoding time for the basic view and multi-view is saved up to 75% and 65%, respectively, and the quality of the reconstruction video is almost remained.


The effect of re-oxidation treatment on the solubility in dopants and the dielectric properties of Ho–Mg- and Ho–Mn-substituted BaTiO3 was investigated. The lattice parameter and electrical resistivity results indicated that the predominant occupational sites of Ho ions changed from A-sites to B-sites by increasing the doped content in both systems. In the case of Ho–Mn-substituted samples, the decrease in lattice parameter and a shift of the Curie point (Tc) to higher temperatures by re-oxidation treatment were observed in the range in which Ho ions predominantly occupy B-sites (act as acceptors). On the other hand, Ho–Mg-substituted samples showed little change. Electron spin resonance measurements revealed that these changes due to re-oxidation were based on the decrease of the ionic size of Mn due to the oxidation of Mn2+ to Mn3+ or Mn4+. The occupational sites of Ho ions strongly affected the valence state of Mn and the dielectric properties of BaTiO3.


Formed in 1984 by Hannah Vowles and Glyn Banks, Art in Ruins is an English collaborative art practice that was active in the London and Berlin art scenes of the 1980s and 1990s. Together, Vowles and Banks developed an artistic practice based on communication and reflection on their role as artists within the (art)world. They were post-modern, anti-capitalist, anti-apartheid, pro-punk, pro-Marxist and held strong course to make a lasting name for themselves. After a very visible political and artistic phase of activity, Art in Ruins went quiet. When suggested that their silence could be interpreted as a strike, Vowles and Banks countered that 'it is in no way an art strike (a concept which we consider inappropriate as it implies unionised labour and industrial production)'.

This publication is part of I Wonder What the Silence Was About, a body of work speculating on the (temporary?) disappearance of Art in Ruins by artist Eva Weinmayr. It contains an interview suggested by Vowles and Banks, written for Frieze in 1994 but never printed until now, as well as a complete bio- and bibliography.


Quasi-square-wave current-fed inverter drives suffer from low-speed torque pulsations, which can cause mechanical resonances and speed-ripple problems. Recent developments in microprocessor-based PWM control techniques offer the possibility of improving the low-speed performance of CFI drives, thereby significantly extending their range of applications. This paper describes the development of fast computer modelling techniques which will allow wide ranging computer-aided-design investigations to be performed on optimal PWM current-fed inverter drives. The validity and accuracy of these fast modelling techniques are confirmed using practical results obtained from a microprocessor controlled current-fed PWM inverter-drive system.


As incarceration rates in the United States have reached the highest point in history, the concept of mass imprisonment describes both high levels of imprisonment and its potential far reaching consequences. With disproportionately high rates of incarceration for African Americans compared to other racial and ethnic groups, mass imprisonment's impact on the Black community is a topic of critical importance. Black women in particular face unique challenges in the era of mass imprisonment as both incarcerated women and women connected to imprisoned men and women. This article uses the concept of intersectionality to examine extant research about Black women and mass imprisonment.


The knowledge of the diffusion rate of solvent molecules through a polymer is important in polymer processing, analysis and performance. Diffusion coefficients are only available for a certain number of polymer solvent systems due to the difficulties in measurement. Usually simple gravimetric measurements are applied on a molten sample of the polymer. These measurements require a relatively large solvent concentration to observe a measurable change in weight. Moreover a single experiment is time consuming.


Regionalization methods have long been used to estimate high return levels of river discharges at ungauged locations on a river network. In these methods, the recorded discharge measurements of a group of similar, gauged, stations is used to estimate high quantiles at the target catchment that has no observations. This group is called the region of influence and its similarity to the ungauged location is measured in terms of physical and meteorological catchment attributes. We develop a statistical method for estimation of high return levels based on regionalizing the parameters of a generalized extreme value distribution. The region of influence is chosen in an optimal way, ensuring similarity and in-group homogeneity. Our method is applied to discharge data from the Rhine basin in Switzerland, and its performance at ungauged locations is compared to that of classical regionalization methods. For gauged locations we show how our approach improves the estimation uncertainty for long return periods by combining local measurements with those from the region of influence.


T}IE STUDY of popular imperialism, how the British Empire was represented to the British people, is now popular among historians. It is, if nothing else, far more entertaining than ploughing through the files of the Public Record Office. It also reeognizes the fact that for the vast majority of the British people, the British Empire was a purely vicarious experience. The British might have owned India, but few of them actually went there. Even fewer went to African or West Indian or Far Eastern colonies. How the general public in what was nominally a democratic country perceived the Empire, or was made to perceive it, is obviously a vital part of Imperial history Most of the abundant seholarship on popular imperialism, however, has tended to concentrate on how the Empire as a whole and the ideas and ideals of British imperialism were transmitted to the British publie. 1 This paper, by eontrast, is eoneerned with how the image of just one British eolony and one eommunity within that colony, the white settlers of Kenya, was presented to the British fiction reading publie between the


Due to economic expansion, population growth, and technological improvements contribute to rising energy demand, the self-consumption of locally generated electricity from photovoltaic (PV) systems is becoming an important application area for stationary battery energy storage systems (BESS). The optimized load schedule and battery capacity were employed in this research to reduce the customer's total cost. In many articles, a PV-BESS system was optimized using various optimization approaches. The Earthworm Algorithm (EWA) in MATLAB was used as the optimization method. Based on the result, the EWA BESS size optimized is 20.36 kWh, the total optimized cost is 45% less than the total unoptimized value, and the total EWA optimized cost is 7% less expensive than the total Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) optimized cost. It was proven using statistical tools that the overall cost of an optimized and unoptimized PV-BESS system differs significantly, whereas the total cost of an EWA optimized, and CSA optimized system does not differ much.


A competitive strategy that can be relied upon by construction service providers and consultant services is a quality strategy.. A construction has five overall construction project aspects, that is the cost aspect, the time aspect, the quality aspect, the environmental aspect and the K3 aspect. In the context of construction there are several parts that become the level of quality management, that is Quality Inspection, Quality Control, Quality Assurance, and Total Quality Management. The method used to determine the process of implementing quality management in X construction projects is a qualitative method by reviewing, analyzing project contract documents based on quality aspects and some literature. The results of this study are that each level of quality management in this project is able to apply quality management well by taking into account all the conditions of use and the provisions that apply and have been agreed upon. In X construction projects implement quality planning using the reference SNI and ASTM (American Standard and Testing Material).


Circumcision is the most common operation with multiple complications. One of these complications is surgical such as urethrocutaneous fistula due to traumatic and ischemic injury during the operation. A 9-month infant with a history of swelling on the ventral aspect of the penile urethra during micturition was circumcised ritually in 3 months of birth and 6 months later was referred to Imam Reza Hospital with giant ventral fistula in the distal of the penis.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease of complex pathogenesis and pleiotropic clinical manifestations. The greatest clinical challenge in this disease is the prevention of the long-term complications, many of which involve cardiovascular outcomes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ isoforms of the family of nuclear transcription factors are pharmaceutical targets for therapeutic intervention because they can potentially ameliorate not only the hyperglycemia of diabetes, but also the dyslipidemia that is characteristic of this disorder (low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles). Novel drugs with dual PPAR α and γ activity have been under clinical development for type 2 diabetes, and they have shown promise in early studies with regard to glucose lowering and improved lipid profile when compared with the PPAR-γ-specific thiazolidinediones. Unfortunately, the dual PPARs available to date have some of the PPAR-γ-associated side effect profile, including fluid retention and weight gain, which have limited the further clinical development of higher doses that show improved efficacy. This review will briefly summarize our understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, the role of the PPAR family of receptors, and the potential for clinical use of this novel emerging class of agents that serve as dual activators of both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of different methods in detecting HCV antibodies and the relationship of Hepatitis C virus RNA(HCV RNA),alannine aminotransferase(ALT),Prealbumin(PA) and other biochemical changes of Hepatitis C patients during the treatment.Methods 57 patients with hepatitisc were detected by ELISA,CIA and RFQ-RT-PCR,ALT,PA TBIL indicators in all specimens were tested by AU2700 automatic biochemical analyzer and biochemical detection reagent.Results The positive rate of ELISA,CIA and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were 77.2%,78.9% and 84.2%,respectively.Three groups of chi-square test was not statistically significant.The ALT abnormal rate was positively correlated with content of HCVRNA in specimen which the content of HCVRNA was positive(P0.01).However,ALT levels was not correlated with the quantity of HCV RNA(P0.05).PA was significant differences between pre-and post-treatment(P0.05).It can be used in the monitor of changes of liver function in the process of HCV treatment.Conclusion ELISA and CIA have the same sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of hepatitis C antibody and can improve the HCV infection rate with the detection of HCVRNA.The content of HCVRNA reflects the changes of HCV activity and viral replication in patients and can monitor curative effect with ALT,PA during treatment.


OBJECTIVE: NeuroNEXT was designed to expand NINDS9 capability to test promising new therapies, increase efficiency of clinical trials, and respond quickly as new opportunities arise to test promising treatments for people with neurological disorders. BACKGROUND: In Oct 2011, NINDS awarded the Clinical Coordinating Center (CCC) grant to MGH, the Data Coordinating Center (DCC) grant to the University of Iowa, and Clinical Study Sites (CSS) grants to 25 academic institutions. Three novel initiatives to increase the efficiency of conducting clinical trials in the Network were proposed: utilization of a Central IRB (CIRB) of record, establishment of Master Clinical Trial Agreements (MCTA) with all CSS, and availability of experienced trial design staff to assist principal investigators. DESIGN/METHODS: The CCC and DCC developed 50 Standard Operating Procedures for Network operations. The CIRB held teleconferences and one in person meeting with IRB leaders from the CSS. In Oct 2011, the NeuroNEXT Executive Committee (NEC) was established and began reviewing proposals. Those that met the goals and mission of NINDS, and were approved by the NEC, then proceeded to a Protocol Working Group (PWG) with the objective of designing the strongest protocol and grant application. RESULTS: All CSS executed Reliance Agreements with the CIRB (mean 25 days, range 1 to 43 days), and MCTA (mean 50 days, range 4 – 168 days). The first funded study was announced in April 2012. The study was submitted to the CIRB for full review on July 18 th , and received full CIRB approval on Aug 21 st , 2012. In year 1, 60 proposals were submitted to NINDS, 32 submitted to the NEC and 18 PWG were formed. Four grant applications were submitted to NINDS for review; with an additional 8 expected in Dec 2012. CONCLUSIONS: The NeuroNEXT Network has successfully established infrastructure that will greatly increase the efficiency and quality of clinical trials. Supported by: NINDS. Disclosure: Dr. Kearney has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ecklund has nothing to disclose. Dr. Simpson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bosch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sweet has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jackson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mahoney has nothing to disclose. Dr. McCourt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thornell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Titus has nothing to disclose. Dr. Soodoo has nothing to disclose. Dr. O9Brien has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gloer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Costigan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Logsden-Sackett has nothing to disclose. Dr. Huff has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shefner has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen-Idec and Glaxo SmithKline as a member of the advisory boards, and from Cytokinetics, Inc as a consultant. Dr. Shefner has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for the Neuromuscular Section Editor of UpToDate. Dr. Shefner has received research funding from NIH, the ALS Association, the ALS Therapy Alliance, MDA, Glaxo Smith Kline, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Biogen-Idec, Cytokinetics, Inc., and Sanofi Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Gutmann has received research support from Allergan, Inc. and Cytokinetics. Dr. Clarke has nothing to disclose. Dr. Torner has received personal compensation for activities with BHR Pharmaceuticals and Actelion Pharmaceuticals as a consultant. Dr. Long has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chaloner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bayman has received compensation for serving on the editorial board of Neurosurgery. Dr. McNeil has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koroshetz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kaufmann has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cudkowicz has received personal compensation for activities with GlaxoSmithKline, Inc. and Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Cudkowicz has received research support from Biogen Idec and Neuraltis. Dr. Coffey has received personal compensation for activities with ZZ Biotech, LLC as a consultant.


This is the twelfth issue in a series of special issues on plasma-assisted technologies. Herein contains a host of new and exciting applications and refinement of plasma-based systems. The range of material is a testament to the expansion and diversity of possibilities using plasmas, and follows on the success of the eleven previous issues.


Abstract A multiple–Doppler radar synthesis method is developed to recover the three-dimensional wind field. In this method the solutions are obtained by variationally adjusting the winds to satisfy a series of constraints in weak formats. Among them, the primary ones are multiple-radar radial velocity observations, the anelastic continuity equation, the vertical vorticity equation, the background wind, and spatial smoothness terms. The retrieved wind products are at two time levels, and can be readily applied to deduce the information about the pressure and temperature through the use of the thermodynamic retrieval algorithm, in which the temporal derivatives of the wind fields are required. Experiments using model-simulated data are conducted, from which two major findings are obtained. First, the wind field along and near the radar baseline can still be recovered. This is a major advantage over the traditional approach. Therefore, the proposed method is capable of providing uninterrupted observations o...


Single component adsorption and coadsorption behavior of Ag(NH3); and methylene blue on two kinds of ACFs, aCtivated with steam and ZnCl2 respectively, were studied. The adsorption of methylene blue on these two kinds of ACFs could be described with Langmuir equation quite well.The amounts of methylene blue adsorbed on ACFs mainly depended on the specific sudece area and pore size distribution of ACF. The reduction-adsorption amount of Ag by ACFs however, depend on the sudece chemistry of ACFs. It was shown that the reduction-adsorption amounts of Ag by ZCSACF or ZCSACF which was activated by ZnCl2 were about 300mg.g-1 carbon, which was 3 times of that by SACF activated by steam. The reduction-adsorption capacities of Ag by SACF was enhanced by the peence of methylene blue. The reduction-adsorption amount of Ag on SACF at the presence of methylene blue could reach as high as 600mg.g-1 carbon.


This paper describes a novel generative system based on cellular automata (CA). The main contribution of this work is CARLA, a Cellular Automata Rule Learning Algorithm that learns CA update rules with lower computational overhead (i.e. a smaller neural architecture) than other current approaches. A formal model is developed, situating the algorithm in terms of machine learning. The algorithm is then validated on the 256 possible elementary cellular automata rules. Next, the CARLA algorithm is incorporated into a larger generative system that learns musical patterns by transforming MIDI-encoded music into cellular automata. A novel postprocessing algorithm called Tendril is then developed and integrated with CARLA. This system is then used to generate a novel MIDI composition based partially on update rules learned from Chopin's Waterfall Étude, demonstrating the utility of this new algorithm for creative applications.


This paper investigates the locational characteristics of the peddler markets in apartment complexes in the context of Space Syntax theory. These peddler markets are not usually planned in the design of the complex, but are spontaneously formed in seemingly specific locations within the complexes. They are known to attract the apartment pedestrians and thus encourage the social encounters and interaction among them. The results show that the peddler markets tend to locate where the integration of the pedestrian path with the apartment complex is higher than the average. The pre-planned community shopping center within the complex are also located in the paths of higher integration, but the integration values of the peddler market is higher than those of community shopping centers. Even though the two groups have similar functions, the peddler market is located where the resident pedestrians are more easily found. It is shown that even the peddler market, which is not usually planned in the design stage, are specifically located in the apartment complexes according to a certain spatial logic. When it is considered that these peddler market are good for social interactions among the residents and thus important for the vitalizations of the apartment community, the spatial analysis methodology used in this study would be very useful in the site planning and design of the apartment complexes.


Check the validity of a protocol, which aims to physiological assessment and obtaining specific markers is considered a prerequisite when it aims to obtain accurate measurements and can actually be used in prescribing and control of the athlete's training. Recently it has been shown in the literature Specific Test Progressive for Taekwondo (STT), a test that uses motion characteristic (kick Bandal Tchagui) required by Taekwondo competition and aims to present indicators of aerobic capacity and power in athletes Taekwondo. However, we no found reproducibility and concurrent validity of the STT, so that it can be used by researchers and practitioners in sport specific evaluation of athletes of this sport. The objective of this research is to investigate the validity of the STT as a method for assessing aerobic specific Taekwondo athletes. Taekwondo athletes who volunteer for this study were divided into two groups: one group that conducted a test of reproducibility (G1), composed of 12 athletes and the group that conducted a test of concurrent validity (G2), composed of 18 athletes. To participate in the survey athletes should have minimum age of 18 years and at least 3.5 years of experience with the practice of Taekwondo. All study subjects were male. In both protocols the athletes performed with respect range of evaluations approximately 48 hours between tests. The G1 was tested twice (test-retest). The following variables were analyzed: maximum heart rate (HRMAX), heart rate deflection point (HRDP), frequency kick maximum (FKMAX), frequency kick HRDP (FKHRDP) and the maximum lactate posttest (LacMAX). The G2 conducted a STT and incremental treadmill test (IT). During STT the same variables in G1were obtained, beyond VO2max, respiratory quotient (R) and oxygen consumption of HRDP (VO2DPHR) were measured. During the IT beyond FCMAX, HRDP, R e LacMAX were also evaluated the maximum speed (VMAX) and speed of HRDP identified by the method DMAX (VDMAX). For presentation of the data was used descriptive statistics, normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. A linear correlation was applied for variables obtained in TET and IT. The relationship between the two tests for the different intensity was verified by the analysis of two-way variance (ANOVA) with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was established to verify the reliability test to retest and the variables of the STT and IT. The Bland-Altman analysis was used to test the agreement between the methods. To check for differences between the mean values in G1 between test and retest, and G2, between STT and IT, t test was used for dependent samples was established and the magnitude of the differences from the effect size (g) .The significance level was p <0.05. The results of protocol reproducibility demonstrated that FCMAX e o HRDP did not differ statistically between test and retest. There were also no significant differences (p <0.05) for FKHRDP and FKMAX between test and retest. The effect size rating for these variables were as follows: FCMAX e HRDP as trivial (g<0.1); ); FKMAX e FKHRDP as trivial/small (g between 0.1 and 0.3) and LacMAX as small/moderate (g between 0.5 and 0.7). The ICC shows that test and retest have very strong correlation for variables FKMAX (0,97), FKHRDP (0,97), FCMAX (0,97) e HRDP (0,92) and a moderate correlation for LacMAX (0,62). The results show that the G2 variables VO2max (49,16 ± 5,26 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 and 50.49 ± 4.42 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ), 50,49 ± 4,42 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ), VO2PDFC (43,64 ± 5,55 ml·kg·min -1 and 42,85 ± 4,69 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) and HRDP (172 ± 8 bpm e 169 ± 8bpm) showed no significant difference (p<0.05) when comparing the values of STT and IT respectively. FCMAX (190 ± 8 bpm and 192 ± 10bpm), the R (1,12 ± 0,06 e 1,19 ± 0,11) and the LacMAX (8,91 ± 1,70 mmol·l -1 and 11,10 ± 2,34 mmol·l -1 ) were different (p <0.05) between STT and IT. When checking the magnitude of the differences obtained between STT and IT ranks variables were follows: VO2max, LacMAX as trivial/small (d between 0.1 and 0.3); HRDP and VO2HRDP as small (d between 0.3 and 0.5), R as small/moderate (d between 0.5 and 0.7) and FCMAX as moderate (d between 0.7 and 1.1). The ICC shows that all variables obtained in STT and IT show strong correlation. The STT shows up as a valid and reproducible methodology for evaluation specific aerobic of Taekwondo athletes.


The development of Medical Image Analysis (MIA) applications that can successfully be applied in clinical practice is difficult for several reasons, one of them being the large amount and variety of resources involved (people, data, methods, computing). The application goes through several phases (development, parameter optimization, evaluation and clinical deployment) usually supported by different systems. The lack of support for information flow from phase to phase puts extra logistics burden on the lifecycle of MIA applications. In this paper we describe our first efforts to develop a Problem Solving Environment (PSE) for MIA applications using the three systems available at the proof-of-concept environment of the Virtual Laboratory for e-Sciences project. The proposed PSE implements data provenance mechanisms that support information flow among systems, facilitating navigation across phases of the application lifecycle.


With the demonstration of the viability of using the electroslag remelting process for the decontamination of radionuclides, interest has increased in examining the unique aspects associated with melting steel pipe electrodes. These electrodes consist of several nested pipes, welded concentrically to atop plate. Since these electrodes can be half as dense as a solid electrode, they present unique challenges to the standard algorithms used in controlling the melting process. Naturally the electrode must be driven down at a dramatically increased speed. However, since the heat transfer is greatly influenced and enhanced with the increased area to volume ratio, considerable variation in the melting rate of the pipes has been found. Standard control methods can become unstable as a result of the variation at increased speeds, particularly at shallow immersion depths. The key to good control lies in the understanding of the melting process. Several experiments were conducted to observe the characteristics of the melting using two different control modes. By using a pressure transducer to monitor the pressure inside the pipes, the venting of the air trapped inside the electrode was observed. The measurements reveal that for a considerable amount of time. the pipes are not completely immersed in the slag, allowing the gas inside to escape without the formation of bubbles. This result has implications for the voltage swing as well as for the decontamination reactions.


We report the study of carbon plasma produced using 1064 nm laser in nitrogen ambient at atmospheric pressure using 2-dimensional fast imaging of ablated plume, optical emission spectroscopy, and optical probe at 532 nm for interferometry and shadowgraphy. The dominance of C2 and CN molecules over ionic species at later stages of expanding carbon plasma plume is reported. The observed ring structure in shadowgrams and change in the direction of fringe shift from positive to negative in recorded interferograms are correlated with the relative abundance of different species in the plasma plume as function of time delay with respect to ablating pulse. An agreement in observed onset time of formation of clusters/atomic species or low ionic species using different diagnostic techniques has been reported.


A process is described for the recovery of potentially valuable long- lived fission product activities from the first cycle acidic waste solutions which result from the solvent extraction processing of nuclear reactor fuel elements. The metal ferricyanides and ferrocyanides were extensively investigated as scavenging agents for Cs/sup 137/, and the effects of process variables are reported. Cesium zinc ferrocyanide was found to be the most effective and is used for purposes of concentration and isolation. Subsequent chemical processing results in either a mixed chloride or pure cesium chloride product suitable for use in high intensity radiation sources. Cerium/sup 144/, rare earth, and Sr/sup 90/ activities are recovered by a series of process steps which depend on co-precipitation on ferric hydroxide and on the solubility behavior of the rare earth oxalates, of cerium(IV) iodate, and of strontium carbonate. (auth)


Personalization has the potential to improve the effectiveness of "generic" privacy notices and policies, however, little is known about the user impact of the personalized transparency tools available today. While regulators consistently endorse transparency, the popular press often couches existing tools in negative and cautionary tones. In a pilot study of two personalized online transparency tools, Google's My Activity and Google Ads Settings, we find the user experience of these tools is difficult to study due to low user-awareness and limited user data accessible to the tools. However, for those users with sufficient data accessible to the tools, we find no evidence that these tools are harmful to user trust and privacy attitudes.


In this paper, we present a framework for managing group behaviors in multi-agent swarm systems. The framework explores the benefits by dynamic associations with the proposed artificial potential functions to realize complex swarming behaviors. A key development is the introduction of a set of flocking by dynamic association (DA) algorithms that effectively deal with a host of swarming issues such as cooperation for fast migration to a target, flexible and agile formation, and inter-agent collision avoidance. In particular, the DA algorithms employ a so-called systematic singular association (SSA) rule for fast migration to a target and compact formation through inter-agent interaction. The resulting algorithms enjoy two important interrelated benefits. First, the SSA rule greatly reduces time-consuming for migration and satisfies low possibility that agents may be lost. Secondly, the SSA is advantageous for practical implementations, since it considers for agents even the case that a target is blocked by obstacles. Extensive simulation presents to illustrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed framework.


An investigation was conducted on the Microtus fortis disaster in the Dongting Lake region of China,aimed to effectively reduce the agricultural production loss caused by this vole.Since 2003,8 typical sampling sites along the Lake were installed,and the investigation at each site was conducted at least once in each season for more than 3 years.There existed differences in the outbreak risk degree of the M.fortis at different sites,and the East Dongting Lake area was considered as the higher outbreak risk region.The M.fortis population had a single-peak fluctuation within a year,and peaked in summer.The west bank of East Dongting Lake was the main emigrated area of M.fortis,while the east bank of the Lake was the main immigrated area of this vole,causing the occurrence of M.fortis disaster.There was a close correlation between the quantity and the infection degree of the immigrated M.fortis.Through the analysis on the occurrence patterns of M.fortis disaster at different sites,a corresponding forecast model was established,which could be helpful to the integrative management of M.fortis disaster.


The work reducing turn-on dissipation of the Reversely Switched Dynistor(RSD) from application done in our group is reported in this paper. By establishing the two-dimensional numerical model of RSD, the extra charge amount in the p and n base region is found to be only about 24.75% of the integral value of current at the end of triggering, so the RSD should be over pre charged in order to reduce the turn-on voltage. A two-step method is in favor of increasing the extra plasma density in the base region. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the turn-on characteristics of RSD are better by the two-step method than the traditional discharge method. There exists a minimum for the turn-on voltage at a certain triggering time, so well controlling the triggering time is another way of reducing turn-on dissipation.


Progress is reported in the following subject areas: (1) chemistry of the arogenate molecule; (2) plant enzymology at the organismal level; (3) isolation of regulatory mutants in tobacco; and (4) stability of the haploid state in Nicotiana sylvestris.


FOR THE POPULATION CENETICIST, diabetes mellitus has long presented an enigma. Here is a relatively frequent disease, often interfering with reproduction by virtue of an onset during the reproductive or even pre-reproductive years, with a well-defined genetic basis, perhaps as simple in many families as a single recessive or incompletely recessive gene (cf. Allan, 1933; Pincus and White, 1933, 1934; Harris, 1950; Steinberg and Wilder, 1952; Lamy, Frezal and de Grouchy, 1957; Steinberg, 1959; Post, 1962a). If the considerable frequency of the disease is of relatively long duration in the history of our species, how can this be accounted for in the face of the obvious and strong genetic selection against the condition? If, on the other hand, this frequency is a relatively recent phenomenon, what changes in the environment are responsible for the increase? Current developments in the study of this disease suggest an explanation with important biological ramifications. "THRIFTINESS" OF DIABETIC GENOTYPE PRIOR TO ONSET OF DIABETES MELLITUS There is now much evidence to indicate that the individual predisposed to diabetes differs metabolically from the non-predisposed from birth onward. The frequency of over-sized infants among the offspring of women with overt or subclinical diabetes is well known (e.g., Bowcock and Greene, 1928; Bix, 1933; Allen, 1939; Miller, 1945, 1956; Kriss and Futcher, 1948; Gonce, 1949; Gilbert, 1949; Brosset and Werko, 1950; Moss and Mulholland, 1951; Jackson, 1952; Pirart, 1955; Hsia and Gellis, 1957, etc.). This phenomenon, which may antedate the development of clinical diabetes by 30),ears, has customarily been regarded as an expression of the mother's diabetes. The difficulties in duplicating this phenomenon in experimental animals rendered diabetic by alloxan (Miller, 1947, but see Lazarow, Kim and Wells, 1960) leaves some room for doubt as to whether this concept offers a complete explanation. Maternal genotype and phenotype may be only one factor in the etiology of the phenomenon. Inasmuch as from the genetic standpoint these children constitute a high risk group, and in view of the report that the juvenile diabetic at birth averages some 100 grams heavier than his non-diabetic siblings (Nilsson, 1962, but see White, 1960), the possibility must be considered that this phenomenon is also in part an expression of the infant's predisposition. Some evidence to this effect may be drawn from the observations of Sheldon (1949) on rapidly developing maternal obesity, in that women who presented with this problem, of whom a significant proportion had overt or subclinical diabetes and to whom large infants were often born, themselves often had been large infants. What is lacking is evidence concerning the relative risk of the development of diabetes in the normal-birthweight siblings of these individuals. Somewhat more cogent evidence regarding the role of infant genotype in birthweight comes from the reports that the infants born to normal mothers with diabetic husbands also have an increased birthweight (Jackson, 1952; Siegeler and Siegeler, 1960; Pyke, 1961; Nilsson, 1962). Children who develop diabetes tend to be somatically advanced for their age (White, 1939; Wagner, White and Bogan, 1942; Nilsson, 1962). The menarche has occurred, on the average, about a half to three-quarters of a year earlier in the diabetic woman who developed her disease after the age of 20 than in her siblings who did not later develop diabetes (Arduino and Ferreira, 1958; Post and White, 1958; Post, 1962). Theoretically (cf. Post and White, 1958) this might lead to earlier onset of childbearing and even to an increase in average fertility on the part of those with late-onset diabetes, capable of offsetting, at ]east in part, the impaired reproductive performance of those with early onset diabetes. The actual data on this point are consistent with a fertility differential in favor of the diabetic, but, as pointed out by Post and White (1958), are inadequate in several respects. …


Soil water repellency is a widespread hydrologic phenomenon in different soils all over the world,and its implications encompass hysteresis of the water retention curve,unstable wetting fronts with fingered flow,reduced infiltration capacity as compared to wettable soils,and accelerated hillslope runoff and erosion.The results show that probability of 0-5 cm layer of soil with slight and strong repellency is about 34% in total,of which soil with strong water repellency is 5% in the dry valley of Minjiang River in March.In July,the probability of soil with slight and strong repellency is 91%,in which 58% is strong water repellent soil.The results also show that soil water repellency is significantly negatively related to the ratio of soil particle size.It can be concluded that there are apparently temporal and spatial variability for soil water repellency and water repellent soil distribution in the dry valley of Minjiang River.A higher ratio of strong soil water repellency exhibits in July of monsoon in topsoil,and in soil with higher proportion of fine fraction,which may be one of the important potential causes for serious soil erosion and degradation in the dry valley.


Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with distinct sex-specific pathogenic mechanisms that are poorly understood. Aging, a major independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, correlates with a decline in circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, the precise effects of Igf1 on atherosclerosis remain unclear. In the present study, we assessed the essential role of hepatic Igf1, the major source of circulating IGF-1, in atherogenesis. We generated hepatic Igf1-deficient atherosclerosis-prone ApoE null mice (L-Igf1  -/-ApoE  -/-) using the Cre-loxP system driven by the Albumin promoter. Starting at 6 weeks of age, these mice along with littermate controls, separated into male and female groups, were placed on an atherogenic diet for 18-19 weeks. We show that hepatic Igf1-deficiency led to atheroprotection with reduced plaque macrophages in females, without significant effects in males. This protection in atherosclerosis in females was associated with increased subcutaneous adiposity with impaired lipolysis. Moreover, this impaired lipid homeostasis was associated with disrupted adipokine secretion with reduced circulating IL-6 levels. Together, our data show that endogenous hepatic Igf1 plays a sex-specific regulatory role in atherogenesis potentially through athero-promoting effects of adipose tissue-derived IL-6 secretion. These data provide potential novel sex-specific mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.


This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the legal understanding of village communities in certifying their land rights to prevent conflicts and land disputes in rural areas. This research is socio-legal research. Socio-legal research is research that combines normative and empirical methods in its research. The results of this study The legal understanding of the Village community in making land title certificates as well as knowledge about the importance of ownership of land rights certificates is still relatively low, in general, the people who are used as informants do not know about the procedures for making land title certificates. The conclusions in this study confirm that the land is a very basic human need so legal understanding of the community is very urgent to be carried out in managing land certificates, in order to avoid disputes and cases of land grabbing in the community. If viewed from the economic aspect, land certificates can be used by the community to obtain business capital. So that people can improve their standard of living and welfare.


In 1915, Horace M. Kallen (1882–1974) first advanced an idea that would become known as "cultural pluralism," a counter-narrative to the reigning "melting pot" ideology, in his well-known essay "Democracy Versus the Melting Pot." That essay was such an important public declaration of the arrival of secular Jewish ethnic identity in America that it continues to serve as a sounding board to which theoreticians of ethnicity respond.1 Although Kallen helped to lay the conceptual foundation for what would later come to be called "ethnicity," he nevertheless appears to have embraced notions of biological determinism that were rooted in the race science of the day. His concept of ethnicity (or, in the parlance of 1910s, "nationality") during this formative period is typically viewed as having passed its expiration date because notions of ethnicity now eschew biological association.2 The centrality of biological determinism to Kallen's thinking is brought into focus through a rather memorable passage in "Democracy Versus the Melting Pot": "What is inalienable in the life of mankind is its intrinsic positive quality—its psychophysical inheritance. Men may change their clothes, their politics, their wives, their religions, their philosophies, to a greater or lesser extent: They cannot change their grandfathers."3 Many commentators have pointed to this phrase as illustrative of how Jewish ethnicity was, for him, "an immutable category."4 This contention seems to find support from Kallen's additional assertion that "Jews or Poles or Anglo-Saxons, in order to cease being Jews or Poles or Anglo-Saxons, would have to cease to


Isotropy is one of the main assumptions for the ease of spatial prediction (named kriging) based on some covariance models. A lack of isotropy (or anisotropy) in a spatial process necessitates that some additional parameters (angle and ratio) for anisotropic covariance model be obtained in order to produce a more reliable prediction. In this paper, we propose a new class of geometrically extended anisotropic covariance models expressed as a weighted average of some geometrically anisotropic models. The maximum likelihood estimation method is taken into account to estimate the parameters of our interest. We evaluate the performances of our proposal and compare it with an isotropic covariance model and a geometrically anisotropic model in simulation studies. We also employ extended geometric anisotropy to the analysis of real data.


The purpose of this study is to test the relation, if any, between use of fair value measurement and reported performance ratios of the firms and finally its effect on CEO compensation in Sweden. T ...


A path correction scheme for robotic arc welding was presented. A CCD camera was used to obtain the image of actual weld seam. The deviation between actual weld seam and pre-taught path was derived in image processing. Fuzzy neural network worked as inference system. Integral term of deviation was also taken into account to reduce steady-state error. The three level interpolation method was adopted for real-time path correction. The validity of the scheme was verified by experiment results.


Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level Arteriography cerebral Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT head with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT head without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT venography head with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CTA head with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ MR venography head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MR venography head with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRA head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O X-ray skull Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢


In face of the fierce competition in the media market, the general trust has become an important invisible asset and resource for mass media to survive the competition. The general trust system means trust, loyalty and effectiveness in readers' and audiences' mind through media's impartial and objective report and commentary as well as the interaction of social system. But the general trust could not be simply explained by the audience rating, it should be an integrated and close system of prestige guarantee. From BBC's general trust system, the paper discusses some enlightening guidance and reference to the mass media in China to set up their general trust system.


Although dust is widely found in astrophysics, forming dust is surprisingly difficult. The proper combination of low temperature (<2000 K) and high density is mainly found in the winds of late-type giant and supergiant stars that, as a result, are the most efficient sources of dust known. Dust ejected from these stars into the interstellar medium has multiple important effects, including obscuring background objects and enhancing star formation. We show here that quasars are also naturally copious producers of dust, if the gas clouds producing their characteristic broad lines are part of an outflowing wind. This offers an explanation for the strong link between quasars and dust and for the heavy nuclear obscuration around many quasars and introduces a new means of forming dust at early cosmological times.


By the single factor test and orthogonal test,the effects of different sources of carbon,nitrogen and inorganic salts on the growth of Phlebopus portentosus mycelia were studied.The results showed that the best carbon source and nitrogen source were glucose and yeast cream,respectively.KH2PO4 and MgSO4·7H2O were the most suitable mineral salts.The optimal compositions were as follows: glucose 20 g,yeast cream 1 g,MgSO4·7H2O 1.5g,KH2PO4 1 g,potato 200 g,agar 20 g,H2O 1 L.


Because its nutritional components, raw milk can be considered a complete food; never the less, its liquid state and the given management, can become this product in an ideal substrate for the development of microorganisms and diseases transmission. The objective of this work was to determine some of the actors' characteristics who are part of the raw milk chain at the municipality of Popayan, from which the fulfillment of the established technical recommendations by the current regulations for each chain link was checked. In order to perform this process, each of the milky chain actors in Popayan and surrounding municipalities was polled, and further analysis was made. Information from 2.305 actors was obtained, from which 2.014 were consumers (homes), 195 producers, 60 artisan processing (9 legally constituted enterprises and 51without commercial registration) and 36 were actors from the collection and distribution chain link (25 routers and 11 distributors). The technical standards related results obtained in each chain link allowed determining that 100% of the actors do not accomplish every technical recommendation, so that they are considered as informal actors.


The examination of shortened, simplified, and extended analogs of duocarmycin SA is described and constitutes a detailed study of the role of linked DNA binding subunit. In addition to enhancing the DNA binding affinity and selectivity through minor groove noncovalent contacts, the studies in conjunction with those of the accompanying article illustrate that an extended rigid N2 amide substituent is required for catalysis of the DNA alkylation reaction. This activation for DNA alkylation is independent of pH, and we propose it results from a binding-induced conformational change in the agents which increases their inherent reactivity. The ground state destabilization of the substrate results from a twist in the linking amide that disrupts the vinylogous amide stabilization of the alkylation subunit and activates the agent for nucleophilic addition. This leads to preferential activation of the agents for DNA alkylation within the narrower, deeper AT-rich minor groove sites where the inherent twist in the l...


Objective To study the changes and management of systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics during anhepatic period in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation without veno-venous bypass.Methods Sixty-eight patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation were enrolled in this research. Monitoring and recoding CVP, MAP, CI, HR, MPAP, PAWP PVR, SVR at different time points: preincision, before anhepatic, 5, 30 min of anhepatic, 5, 30, 60 min of neohepatic,ending of operation, 12 h and 24 h after operation. All the patients were divided into three groups according CVP during anhepatic period: group A(CVP 6 mmHg). Besides, calculating the concentration of dopamine, norepinephrine ,epinephrine and the volume of urine during of operation. Results There were different changes during different operation periods. During anhepatic period, HR, PVR and SVR increased, while CVP, CI, MAP, PAP, PAWP decreased(P<0.05). At early neohepatic period, HR decreased and CVP,PAWP, MPAP,CI,PVR SVR increased ,At the beginning of neohepatic period, MAP dacreased or increased quickly, and became steadily after 5 min. Among the three groups, the changes of hemodynamics in group B was slightest,and the concentration of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine was smallest (P< 0.05 ). Conclusions The systemic and pulmonary emodynamics fluctuated sharply during anhepatic and early neohepatic period. It is important and useful to manage CVP 4 -6 mmHg, MABP ≥ 60 mmHg by infusing liquid and vasoconstrictors,such as dopamine, norepinephrine or epinephrine during anhepatic period.

Key words:
Orthotopic liver transplantation;  Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics;  Anhepatic period


Energy sources, such as wind, solar, hydro, etc., are an important source of energy, and wind power generators are important energy conversion machines. The doubly fed induction generator has wide industrial and commercial applications due to its superior performance, combined with fault and eco-friendly properties. However, the fault current dynamics of wind farms identify the potential impacts of fault currents and the voltage on the protection. This study focuses on wind farms (employing doubly fed induction generators) perturbation during symmetrical (three-phase) symmetrical short circuit (SSC) at different points. The detail of analyzing the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) performance during transient conditions, control and modeling is studied in this paper. These two points are selected as grid-side converter and point of common coupling, respectively. These comparison results fetched the more precise understanding of the fault diagnosis reliability with reduced complexity, stability, and optimization of the system. The present findings illustrated the main difference between point of common coupling and grid-side converter under SSC faults and the robustness of these two mentioned points.


This paper presents a vehicle detection system using the video as a input image what has moving of vehicles.. Input image has constraints. it has to get fixed view and downward view obliquely from top of the road. Road detection is required to use only the road area in the input image. In introduction, we suggest the experiment result and the critical point of motion history image extraction method, SIFT(Scale_Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm and histogram analysis to detect vehicles. To solve these problem, we propose using applied Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM) that is the Vehicle Detection GMM(VDGMM). In addition, we optimize VDGMM to detect vehicles more and named VDGMM 2.0. In result of experiment, each precision, recall and F1 rate is 9%, 53%, 15% for GMM without road detection and 85%, 77%, 80% for VDGMM2.0 with road detection.


A hyperbolic reaction–diffusion model for the hantavirus infection, generalizing the parabolic set of equations recently derived by Abramson and Kenkre, is proposed within the context of Extended Thermodynamics. The model, as in the parabolic case, captures some of the realistic features of the dynamics of hantavirus in mice population, while it avoids the unphysical features concerning the instantaneous diffusive effects typical of parabolic equations. Traveling wave solutions, related to the spread of the infection in the landscape, are investigated. Both analytical and numerical results obtained herein are discussed and validated from the behavior of the biological system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


1.The biggest reason for the nationwide decline,though,is modern DNA analysis,which over the years has revealed that a significant number of the condemned were wrongly accused.(Chicago Tribune,Dec.19,2014)翻译:不过,美国死刑减少的最大原因却是现代DNA分析。几年来,DNA分析发现有相当数量的死囚是被冤枉的。解析:though不过,然而。作此意时一般放在句中或句末,使语气减弱。which over the years has revealed...是一个定语从句,修饰DNA analysis。over the years几年来,一般用于现在完成时。


We show that a decidable promise problem has a non-interactive statistical zero-knowledge proof system if and only if it is randomly reducible via an honest polynomial-time reduction to a promise problem for Kolmogorov-random strings, with a superlogarithmic additive approximation term. This extends recent work by Saks and Santhanam (CCC 2022). We build on this to give new characterizations of Statistical Zero Knowledge SZK , as well as the related classes NISZK L and SZK L . 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Complexity classes; Theory of computation → Circuit complexity


We study the merging of star clusters out of cluster aggregates similar to Knot S in the Antennae on orbits close to the one of ω Cen by carrying out high resolution numerical N-body simulations. We want to constrain the parameter space which is able to produce merger objects with similar properties as ω Cen.


Using the Quarterly Workforce Indicators database, we document that a significant amount of the decline in labor market turnover during the last two decades is accounted for by the decline in employment spells that last just one or two quarters. This phenomenon is pervasive: short-term employment spells have declined across industries, firm size categories, demographic groups, and geographic regions. Using a search-and-matching model in the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides tradition that incorporates noisy signals about the quality of a worker-firm match, we argue that improved screening by workers and firms can account for much of the decline in short-lived employment spells. (JEL E24, J23, J41, J63, M51)


A. Acetophenone O-acetyl oxime (1). A 250-mL, two-necked roundbottomed flask equipped with a Teflon-coated magnetic stir bar (oval, 20 x 10 mm) is charged with acetophenone (9.33 mL, 80.0 mmol, 1 equiv) (Note 2), pyridine (18 mL, 223 mmol, 2.8 equiv) (Note 3), ethanol (40 mL) (Note 4), and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (8.33 g, 120 mmol, 1.5 equiv) (Note 5). The resulting mixture is stirred at 60 °C for 75 min (Notes 6 and 7) (Figure 1) and then cooled to 22 °C. Water (80 mL) is added, and the resulting biphasic mixture is transferred to a 500-mL separatory funnel. The mixture is partitioned, and the aqueous layer is extracted with ethyl acetate A.


Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the effect of T. congolense on the sperm morphology of Yankasa rams (YKR). Nine YKR aged 24-30 months-old were assigned into two groups of 6 infected and 3 uninfected control and were monitored for 7 weeks. The infected group of YKR was each inoculated with 1 × 106 T. congolense through the jugular vein, while the control group remained uninfected. The entire infected group developed trypanosomosis post infection (pi) characterized by sperm morphological abnormalities in the semen. There were significant (P<0.001) increases in the mean percentage of acrosomal, head, middle piece and tail abnormalities. Proximal and distal droplets as well detached heads were also significantly (P<0.001) increased post infection (pi). Acrosomal abnormalities, distal droplet and tail abnormalities increased from week 1 pi till the end of the study, while head abnormalities and detached heads increased from week 2 pi. Middle piece abnormalities and proximal droplets increased from week 3 and 4 pi till the end of the study respectively. The high incidence of morphological defects caused by T. congolense is capable of causing infertility from the first week pi thereby making the rams unfit for breeding at the end of the study.


In article the history of pedagogical museums of the Tambov province is considered. Their ability in the educational and training process is analyzed. The contribution of a famous teacher N. F. Bunakov in the development of museums is shown.