Abstract In this paper, a distributed simulation environment (DSE) to evaluate manufacturing systems along engineering processes is proposed. DSE realizes synchronizing manufacturing system simulators at a design stage, our past developed simulation environment which can simulate facility behaviours while synchronizing virtual factory models and real controller equipments at an implementation stage, and operational applications at a manufacturing system execution stage such as operation management systems. Specially the ORiN-HLA gateway in DSE to combine two different standard network architectures as HLA and ORiN is proposed and developed. Using DSE, ranges of evaluation items on computers along engineering processes are significantly extensible.


Introduction: There is a growing interest in the relationship between biological maturation, relative age effect, and soccer sports performance. Based on their cohort's relative age effect and maturation, relatively older soccer players can be favored to be selected for high-level teams.  Therefore, the current study examined the effect of maturity and relative age on anthropometric and physical performance tests. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 82 boys (M age: 13.4 ± 1.1; M body mass: 51.9 ± 9.9;   body height: 162 ± 10.5; body fat%: 9.7 ± 1.1) were assessed for anthropometric, flexibility, hand, and leg strength, and countermovement jump performance. Peak height velocity (PHV) determination was used for maturity status estimation. The birthdate distributions were categorized into four quartiles (January-March, Q1; April-June, Q2; July-September, Q3; October-December, Q4). MANOVA analysis was performed on all anthropometric and physical performance assessments to examine differences within age groups and maturity status groups. Differences among all groups were revealed, with high scores in the older group (U-15). Results: Biological maturation influences the differences in the anthropometric and physical performance assessment with a significant effect on the early matured soccer players compared to the late matured.  Early matured players were overrepresented and statistically had better anthropometric and physical performance results. Conclusion: However, there was no significant representation of players in the first quarter compared to the third and fourth quarters for all the anthropometric and performance assessments. The current findings can be used for quantifying and controlling performance data of soccer players adjusted to biological requirements used in the training process.


The effect of packaging material and evaporative cooled storage environment on quality characteristics of tomato and kinnow fruits was evaluated. The experiments were carried out using complete randomized design and significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was observed among storage conditions and time with the observed parameters viz. plysiological loss in weight, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid and overall acceptability in both summer and winter season. Packaging and evaporative cooling maintains the physico-chemical quality and shelf-life of tomato and kinnow fruits increases by more than two fold as compared to the ambient conditions . The 100 gauge LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) bag packaging combined with evaporative cool chamber with rice husk ash (RHA) maintained the superior quality of tomato and kinnow in terms of highest overall acceptability. This novel technology is found suitable to prevent postharvest loss of horticultural produce and is recommended for short-term on farm storage .


Henry Corbin was a French engage Orientalist inspired by German philosophical phenomenology and existential theology. His scholarly work on Islamic philosophy and Iranian culture implies a fundamental critique of Orientalism, which reflects his philosophical background and differs in nature from Edward Said's, although the reactions to both were sometimes similar. The article attempts to highlight the connection between Corbin's philosophical thought and his prodigious scholarly work, and to assess the impact of the latter in light of the former.


The elastic and inelastic (first excited state only) scattering of pions from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ is calculated by a method previously described and compared with data from 120 to 280 MeV. It is found that the agreement is comparable with other methods that have been used. An investigation of several possible sources of error in the method is also made.


A spectrophotometric study of the Seyfert galaxy IC 4329A has been made with the Anglo-Australian Telescope. Fe II emission is found in the spectrum as well as forbidden lines with ionizations ranging up to (Fe X) lambda6374. The Balmer lines are double peaked, the secondary (more highly redshifted) component having a flatter Balmer decrement than the main one. The equivalent widths of most lines seem to be variable, with changes in the continuum level being the most plausible explanation.That the nucleus of IC 4329A is heavily reddened is indicated by the facts that (i) a prominent dust lane is seen to bisect the nucleus, (ii) the Balmer decrement (H..cap alpha../H..beta..approx. =12) is steeper than found in any other Seyfert galaxy, (iii) the observed nuclear optical continuum is very steep (F/sub ..nu../proportional..nu../sup -4.4/), and (iv) prominent Na I D-line absorption is seen at the redshift of IC 4329A. The values of A/sub upsilon/ derived from (ii), (iii), and (iv) above are 4.8, 2.5, and >1.6 mags, respectively. If Aupsilon lies in the range 2.5--4.8 mag, as seems most likely, the absolute nuclear magnitude M/sub upsilon/ lies in the range -23.0 to -25.3, values typical of quasars. The observations of the Namore » I D lines have also been used to deduce that the velocity dispersion of the absorbing sodium atoms lies in the range 8.4--13.5 km s/sup -1/ with 90% confidence. This small dispersion suggests that noncircular motions in the disk of IC 4329A are small and that the velocity dispersion of its interstellar medium is quite comparable to that in our Galaxy, contrary to theoretical speculations that the interstellar medium in Seyferts might be seriously disrupted.« less


From the ethanol extract of the Chinese traditional

medicine ,rhizomes of Polygona-tum odoratum,a new steroidal saponin

POD-Ⅱ together with β-sitosterol and its glucoside ,and threeknown

saponins were isolated.On the basis of chemical evidence and spectral

analysis(UV ,IR,EI-MS,1 HNMR and1 3CNMR),the structure of POD-Ⅱ was

elucidated as 3- O-β-D-glucopyranosyL-(1→2)- [β-D- xylopyranosyl-(

1→3)]- β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-galactopyranosyl-25(R)-

spirost-5- en-3β,14α-diol.Preliminary pharmacologicaI tests showed

that POD-Ⅱ could induce the colony stimu-lating factor(CSF)in mouse

serum; and POD-Ⅲ,at the concentration of 0.1μg·ml-1 was shown

tosynergize the suboptimal and optimal concentration of Con A and

lipopolysaccharide to stimulate lymp-hocytes proliferation.


An all-optical signal processing approach has been presented which relies on gain competition between interconnected wavelengths in a broadband QCL. It has been shown that optical injection-locking, as the physical mechanism which modifies the inter-coupling between widely separated wavelengths, induces spectral reshaping through suppressing or raising the output intensity at intended wavelengths. Our developed model which is based on an experimental demonstration of an ultra-broadband QCL reveals a correlation between the intensity and modulation response of the injection-locked wavelengths. Also, it has been shown that logic operations and extremely wideband wavelength conversion between the mid and far-IR spectral regions of the laser can be accomplished.


Altered Passive Eruption (ape) is a condition that can significantly affect achievement of the aesthetic goals of orthodontic treatment. Although this condition is known to orthodontists, most do not recognize the difference in its classification and manage- ment. The aim of this article is therefore to describe the guidelines for accurate diagnosis, explain the treatment and establish a mana- gement protocol for ape that would indicate when such patients are to be referred for plastic periodontal procedures, based on clinical findings and considering age as a critical factor when determining the procedure.


HgBi2S 4 is monoclinic, C2/m, with a = 14.17 (I), b = 4-06 (1), c = 13.99 (1)/~, t = 118.27 (1) °, Z = 4. Its crystal structure (R = 0.10) contains two (Hg/2), two Bi and four S atoms in the asymmetric unit. 1⁄2Hg(1) and 1⁄2Hg(2) are coordinated by S atoms in flattened octahedra. Bi(1) has a square-pyramidal coordination which approaches sixfold octahedral. Bi(2) is sevencoordinated in a distorted trigonal-prismatic coordination with an extra bond through one face. HgBi2S4 has a two-layer structure similar to the member 3p (~CuBisSs) of the pavonite homologous series. It differs in a relative displacement of one layer against the other by b/2 compared with ideal ap.


A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the environmental maternal effects on drought and salinity tolerance of Centaurea depressa at germination and emergence stage, as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications. Seeds of two populations (Ahvaz and Karaj) germinated at a range of drought (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 and -1.0 MPa) and salinity (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM of NaCl). Results showed that germination percentage, radical and shoot length, and seedling dry weight of both Centaurea depressa populations decreased significantly (P≤0.01), with increasing intensity of drought and salinity, however results showed a greater salinity and drought tolerance of Ahvaz population. Germination percentage of Karaj and Ahvaz population was 0 and 13.5% respectively at -1 MPa osmotic potential and 0 and 8% respectively at 500 mM of NaCl.


hysteria, as described by authors, is an error of fact. G. It is probable, but not proved, that hysteria is not unfrequently connected with lesions of the uterus, and especially the ovary. 7. It may be sometimes produced secondarily to a lesion of the blood or certain viscera ; but it is frequently primary, and the product of a nervous diathesis or special neuropathy. 8. Such diathesis is indeed nccessary for the manifest action of hysteria, even when it is secondary. 9. The determining cause of hysteria is usually a moral one, or a physical one of very variable scat. 10. The characteristics of hysteria are very diversified, and derived rather from the coexistence of morbid phenomena, than from the presence of any particular symptom. 11. The hysterical attack is generally accompanied by sensitive and convulsive phenomena, to which is frequently added intellectual disturbance. 12. It frequently puts on the characters of diseases different from itself. 13. It is one of


Virtual reality technology has three characteristics of immersion, interactivity and imagination, and has added new method of multi-dimensional touch and human-computer interaction, which can be widely applied in library construction, information resource construction and reader service. Therefore, the library should actively pay attention to mutually use virtual reality technology and two image generation technologies, intensify advertisement, and promote virtual reality technology.


The invention provides health-care breakfast, which is formulated from food materials and medicinal materials scientifically and can effectively prevent and control diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases so as to play a good role in effectively improving the health level of ordinary people. Meanwhile, as the food materials and medicinal materials in the health-care breakfast formula are originated from nature, the health-care breakfast is rich in resources, low in price and affordable to ordinary people, and is a public health-care product exactly suitable for most people.


AbstractThis paper focuses on a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell/electrolyzer-based regenerative hybrid power system modeling and energy management for automotive application. In the regene...


Abstract : These studies examined approaches to optimize gene therapy for the repair of endochondral bone fractures. Several components of a gene therapy approach were examined, including viral vectors and associated regulatory elements, vector delivery to the fracture tissues, and the application of a combination of genes with different functions in bone formation and tissue repair. It was found that the murine leukemia-based viral vector, with transgene expression mediated by the long terminal repeat, provided more robust, though unregulated, gene expression than the lentiviral vector transgenes expressed from either non-specific or bone-specific promoters. Viral vector delivery was important in promoting fracture healing, as demonstrated through an intramedullary technique for vector application. The application of a combination of fibroblast growth factor-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-4 transgenes, that mediate proliferation and osteogenesis, respectively, suggested that combination gene therapy could be an important clinical approach for bone healing. Microarray studies also characterized global gene expression during the early inflammation phase and the later endochondral bone formation phase of normal fracture healing fracture healing. Several thousand genes displayed expression changes during fracture healing, including genes that have been associated with tissue regeneration, and identified candidates for future fracture repair studies using optimized vectors and delivery techniques.


The platinum channel (�e ore appearance) has been proposed at neutrino factories as an additional channel that could help in lifting degeneracies and improving sensitivities to neutrino oscillation parameters, viz., �13, �CP, mass hierarchy, deviation of �23 from maximality and its octant. This channel corresponds to �µ ! �e (�µ ! �e) oscillations of the initial neutrino flux, with the subsequent detection of electrons (positrons) from charged current interactions of thee (�e) in the detector. For small values of �13, the dominant �µ ! �� (�µ ! ��) oscillation results in this signal being swamped by electrons arising from the leptonic decay of taus produced in charge-current interactions of �� (��) with the detector. We examine for the first time the role of this tau contamination to the electron events sample and find that it plays a significant role in the platinum channel compared to other channels, not only at high energy neutrino factories but surprisingly even at low energy neutrino factories. Even when the platinum channel is considered in combination with other channels such as the golden (muon appearance) or muon disappearance channel, the tau contamination results in a loss in precision of the measured parameters.


The optimization of steam pressing includes the use of condensate waste heat for combined heat and power production. The condensate heat could be converted into electrical energy by means of low temperature difference Stirling engine. Suggested hybrid system reduced energy consumption what results with lowering operating costs and pollutant emission.


AbstractExtreme events are important to many studying regional climate impacts but provide a challenge for many "deterministic" downscaling methodologies. The University of Wisconsin Probabilistic Downscaling (UWPD) dataset applies a "probabilistic" approach to downscaling that may be advantageous in a number of situations, including realistic representation of extreme events. The probabilistic approach to downscaling, however, presents some unique challenges for verification, especially when comparing a full probability density function with a single observed value for each day. Furthermore, because of the wide range of specific climatic information needed in climate impacts assessment, any single verification metric will be useful to only a limited set of practitioners. The intent of this study, then, is (i) to identify verification metrics appropriate for probabilistic downscaling of climate data; (ii) to apply, within the UWPD, those metrics to a suite of extreme event statistics that may be of use in...


Yamaha as a growing automotive company realizes intense competition among automotive industries. Yamaha continuously convinces the consumers provide the best further. There are many Yamaha distributors in Medan selling various parts of its products. Nowadays, in Indonesia, the selling of motorcycle is still dominated by four well-known brands such as Honda ,Yamaha, Suzuki , and Kawasaki. These brands have been familiar to the Indonesian. Yamaha, one of the biggest motorcycle companies in the world, is the second leading company selling motorcycle in Indonesia. In 2012, the selling of Yamaha Motorcycle was recorded as many as 2.433.354 units, while as many as 3.147.873 units were registered at AISI (Indonesian Motorcycle Industry Association) in 2011. Target market of Yamaha decreased to 39.14% in 2011 and to 34.07% in 2012. The purpose of the study was to find out and analyze the influence of product innovation, consumer's attitude and advertisement attraction on the decision to buy Yamaha Motorcycle at CV. Mitra Motor Sejati Medan Marelan. The data obtained were analyzed through multiple linear regression tests. The result of the study showed that simultaneously the innovation of product, customer's attitude and advertisement attraction had a positive and significant impact on the decision to buy Yamaha motorcycle. Partially, the product innovation and customer's attitude had a positive and significant impact on the dec ision to buy Yamaha motorcycle. Determination coefficient showed the ability of the innovation product (X1), the consumer's attitude (X2), and advertisement attraction (X3) could explain the adequately strong variation on the decision to buy Yamaha Motorcycle.


This article charts two parallel shifts in the phenomenon known as the Internet, and the sometimes contradictory links between the two. One is in the public perception and representation of the Internet as it changes from a technology of personal communication to a mass medium along the lines of television. The other shift is in the technology upon which the system as an artefact is built, and the kinds of uses it inherently facilitates. The trajectory of technological production cannot be understood without consideration of the social and cultural forces shaping both the market and the attitudes of engineers and companies developing technology. Moreover, as users of technology we are implicated in conceiving of ourselves as consumers and audiences. The relations of power within the World Wide Web medium are in this respect more a matter of Gramscian hegemony than simple corporate domination.


The objectives of this research were to study the model of ASEAN community educational management, the model of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalya University educational management, and to present the educational management model of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalya University to Support ASEAN Community. It was the mixed method by applying Delphi technique of two phases; drafting and examining the educational management model of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalya University to Support ASEAN Community. The samples used were the campuses of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalya University situated in the North, Centre, Northeast, and South of Thailand. The data collection instruments were notes, questionnaires, and open ended checklist. Descriptive analysis was used for data analysis. The findings could be summarized as follows: The model of educational management of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalya University to support ASEAN Community was the systematic administration model, consisted of 3 major elements, 18 minor elements, and 60 sub elements. They were as follows; 1) The input aspect was consisted of 1.1) the organization structure management comprised the concordance with state policy, coverage of workload, clarity in authority 1.2) the personnel comprised competency in using the English language, personnel development on English skills, job description, personnel exchanging, encouraging personnel with mental services 1.3) the students comprised admission for foreign students, student exchanging, having more than fifty percent of foreign students, defining of international student quality, 1.4) the budget comprised having finance strategic plan, budget support for international program, clarity in budgeting, monitoring budget spending 1.5) the curriculum comprised having international program, integration ASEAN elements in the curriculum, improvement of curriculum 1.6) the learning sources comprised adequacy of English documents and books, electronic library, cooperative library services among foreign institutions 1.7) the media and technology comprised adequacy and plenty of media and technology 1.8) the circumstances comprised having the international circumstances. 2) The process aspects were 2.1) the educational administration comprised the university's philosophy, vision, mission, goals, and plan which contributed to run the education in ASEAN community, using the universal good governance 2.2) the learning and teaching management comprised the using of English language in the process of learning and teaching, emphasizing on student centred learning, integration, research based teaching, and crossed cultural learning 2.3) the using of teaching aids comprised the usage of modern and various teaching aids for both the lecturers and the learners 2.4) the learning evaluation comprised the usage of various methods and tools with authentic and practical evaluation. 3) The production aspects were 3.1) the graduates' qualification comprised qualification framework of Higher Education 3.2) the English language usage skill comprised the competency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills 3.3) the research skill comprised the ability in knowledge searching with research methodology 3.4) the democratic mind comprised the graduates' understanding and following democracy 3.5) the cultural difference acceptance comprised the graduates' understanding and accepting of different ways of lives 3.6) the professional skill comprised the graduates' knowledge and ability in the concerned career, values, and ethics


The influence of the addition of sucrose, fructose, and trehalose, modified stanche, and hydrocolloids on the rheological properties of raspberry cream fillings prepared with the addition of sucrose (27 %), combination of sucrose (17 %) and fructose (10 %), and combination of sucrose (25.4 %) and trehalose (1.6 %) was observed. Modified starches, tapioca modified starch (1 %) or waxy maize modified starch (1 %), hydrocolloids, karaya (0.05 %), or guar (0.05 %) were added into the cream fillings too. The rheological properties (shear stress and shear rate at different temperatures) were measured by rotational viscosimeter. The consistency coefficient and flow index were calculated from the measured data. The results showed that waxy maize modified starch or guar gum additions into raspberry cream fillings had a greater impact on the cream filling consistency than tapioca modified starch or gum karaya. All raspberry cream fillings were Non-Newtonian stationary fluids at the measured temperatures except cream fillings S (with sucrose) and SF ( with sucrose and fructose) with guar gum at a low temperature. These cream fillings were non-stationary rheopectic fluids at 0°C. The above mentioned sugars added influence the rheological properties of the cream fillings in different ways.


In a previous communication, one of us 1 drew attention to the possible role of the variable p h of sodium citrate in the causation of untoward results in transfusion by the citrate method. We wish here to emphasize further our position in regard to the relation of the p h factor to reactions following intravenous injections in general. As indicated in our paper, the proposition of imitating as closely as possible the p h of the blood by buffering intravenous solutions was by way of suggestion, since it seemed to be a logical procedure. It was distinctly stated then that no claims were made for its efficacy, and none are made now. Such claims can come only from experimental work or from carefully controlled clinical studies. In the literature of blood transfusion there are numerous attempts to account for the occurrence of more or less severe reactions when careful preliminary tests had


This paper presents the design, development and evaluation of a novel Network Simulator as a Service infrastructure. It is based on a prominent open-source discrete-event network simulator which is extended to offer advanced batch simulation execution, results acquisition, post-processing analysis and presentation features, as well as machine learning optimisations to reduce the overall processing load. In that respect, we have developed a software system, which allows researchers to define simulation scenarios along with a set of parameters and to commission simulation executions in large scale thus delivering to the end user a service that is novel, robust, extendible and extensible. It has been thoroughly evaluated within ESDA Lab (UoP), proving its feasibility and demonstrating its ability to leverage machine learning techniques in order to automatically identify and exclude simulations that are classified as ones that will not meet defined performance requirements, thus drastically reducing simulation workload, delay and resource utilisation.


With more and more foreign games introduced to China,the translation of game title gets more and more attention in the field of translation.Choosing an appropriate title translation plays a vital role for the spread of the game.This article analyzes the purpose and essence of the game title translation and the strategies used in it mainly from the Skopos theory.Strategies mostly used are literal translation,free translation,literal and free translation combined and transliteration.


Gases of m-xylene is one of the popurlar toxic pollutants in the exhaust gases, it is emitted into the environment from factories and engines because the fuel in the engine does not burn completely. The best solution in order to remove this toxic gases of m-xylene to protect the environment is transforming them completely into CO2 and H2O by catalysts. Perovskite of LaMnO3 is one of the catalysts that was synthesized and studied the catalytic properties in total oxidation of m-xylene in our previous report. Obtained results showed that the LaMnO3 perovskite has good catalytic characterizations such as large surface area and the amount of α-oxygen adsorbed on the catalyst is large too. So, it exhibits a good catalytic activity in total oxidation of m-xylene at relatively low reaction temperature. In present work, the reaction order  and kinetics of this reaction are determined. The obtained results demonstrated that the reaction order value with respect to m-xylene is equal to about 1, to oxygene is proximately equal to 0 and the order of reaction is equal to about 1. Based on reaction order data, it was thought that the pathway of m-xylene oxidation by air oxygen  over LaMnO3 may be followed through which the Langmuir - Hinshelwood mechanism.
Keywords
Catalyst, perovskite, oxidation, m-xylene, kinetics
References
[1] Penã M.A and Fierro J.L.G (2001), << Chemical Stuctures and Performance of Perovskite Oxide>>, Chem. Rev, 101, pp 1981-2018. [2] Seiyama T., Yamazoe N. and Eguchi K. (1985), <<Characterization and Activity of some Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts>>, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 24, pp. 19-27.[3] [3] Van Santen R. A., Neurock M. (2006), Molecular Heterogeneous catalysis, Wiley – VCH, pp.62-244. [4] Petrovics, Terlecki - Baricevic A., Karanovic Lj., Kirilov - Stefanov P. , Zdujic M., Dondur V., Paneva D., Mitov I., Rakic V. (2008), <<LaMO3 (M = Mg, Ti, Fe) perovskite type oxides : Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Properties in Methane deep Oxidation>>, Appl. Catal. B, Env., 79, pp. 186-198. [5] Spinicci R., Tofanari A., Faticanti M., Pettiti I. and Porta P. (2001), <<Hexane Total Oxidation on LaMO3 (M = Mn, Co, Fe) perovskite-type oxides>>, J. Mole. Catal., 176, pp. 247-252. [6] Trần Thị Thu Huyền, Nguyễn Thị Minh Hiền, Nguyễn Hữu Phú (2006), <<Study on the preparation of perovskite oxides La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0; 0,3; 0,5) by sol - gel citrate method and their catalytic activity for m-xylene toltal oxidation>>, Hội nghị xúc tác và hấp phụ toàn quốc lần thứ IV, Tp. Hồ Chí Minh, Tr. 477-482.[7] Trần Thị Thu Huyền, Nguyễn Thị Minh Hiền, Nguyễn Hữu Phú (2009), <<Nghiên cứu động học của phản ứng oxi hóa hoàn toàn m-xylen trên các xúc tác perovskit LaMnO3 và La0,7A0,3MnO3 (A = Sr, Ca, Mg)>>, Tạp chí Hóa học, T.47 (6A), Tr 132-136.[8] Geoffrey C. Bond, Catherine Louis, David T. Thompson (2006), <<Catalysis by Gold>>, Catalytic Science Series-Vol.6.


Eugene M. Prince* p IIL SHERIDAN GIBSON retired from the Supreme Court of California after serving twenty-five years, less sixteen days. The potter's wheel which shapes the course of human affairs turned fortunately when it made him Chief Justice for all but a few months of this period. Gibson would have achieved high reputation as a judge if he had continued as Associate Justice. It was, however, the chief justiceship and its affiliated duties, including chairmanship of the Judicial Council, which gave scope for his pre-eminent abilities as an administrator and as a man who could propose badly needed reforms in judicial administration and procedure, and then get them adopted and successfully working. As a result he was enabled to contribute more than any other man to a better administration of justice in California, and incidentally to earn a sure and great place in American judicial history. This brief sketch cannot be a biography. It must suffice to say here that Gibson was born in Grant City, Missouri; that he graduated from the University of Missouri and its law school and was admitted to the Missouri bar; that he had combat service in France in World War I; that he came to California, was admitted to the California bar in 1923 and practiced law in Los Angeles until he became State Director of Finance in January, 1939. He was appointed Associate Justice of the supreme court on August 15, 1939. He was appointed Chief Justice on June 10, 1940. He retired August 31, 1964. Only William H. Beatty had served longer as Chief Justice (1889-1914) and he just by a few months, and only Beatty and Associate Justice John Shenk (1924-59) were longer than Gibson on the court. Gibson came to the bench without judicial experience. Nevertheless he took his full share of the court's work load at once. Even among lawyers, few realize how heavy that work load is or how it grew during Gibson's time on the bench, a time during which California's population increased from seven to eighteen million. Presently the court writes some


This paper introduces to punishment and society scholarship a new carceral framing of human rights in Russian prisons. Russian imprisonment remains elusive to prison scholars and ethnographers around the world. Moreover, on the subject of prisoners' rights specifically, the scholarship is dominated by legal discourse. The empirical and theoretical scholarship that has developed over the last twenty years has argued that Russian imprisonment is exceptional in the study of world penal systems with the research seeking to gain a sense of this exceptionality through looking at the inertial legacies of Gulag penal culture on present day punishment forms. This article attempts to challenge this claim and will argue that specifically in the area of human rights, Russia has followed a not dissimilar carceral formation to Western prisons. Through an interrogation of the cultural, political and historical factors underpinning how rights are framed in Russian prisons the article suggests that human rights are operationalised as a lever for legal and penal control. This is a significant new finding in the study of Russian imprisonment because of the questions that arise around penal resilience, how rights and penal power develop through discourse and how global penal norms converge across jurisdictions.


Objective To sum up the clinic experience of off pump coronary artery bypass grafting for patients with far advanced coronary lesion and another organs diseases.Methods Off pump coronary artery bypass grafting underwent beating heart were applied to 20 patients with severe coronary artery disease, including 15 of LVEF 0 4~0 49, 4 of LVEF 0 3~0 39, 1case of LVEF 0 3. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)and implantation of introcoronary stent have been placed in 6 patients. Inter aortic balloon pump (IABP) was used in 3 cases underwent acute myocardium infarction and cardiogenic shock preoperation. The grafts include mammary artery, radial artery, saphenous vein. The average number of graft is 3.2 piece in per case. Stabilizers of CTS were used during operation.Results No off pump was changed to on pump and myocardium infarction condition happened post operation and mortality in this group. All cases recovered smoothly. Patients stayed in hospital from 19~45 days, to average 25 2 days.Conclusions Off pump coronary artery bypass grafting is safe, effective, benefit, economy for multivascular diseases and severe cases. It is important of adequately preoperative medical remedy, IABP,allround postoperative treatment.


The rock occurrences in different places in the world exhibit weathering-alteration processes occurred by external and internal conditions. These factors affect rocks by changing their physical, chemical, mineralogical, petrographical, mechanical and elastic properties. In this study, the numerical definition of these changes on rock body have been tried to be obtained. As the fact of that, the numerical definitions of these changes on the rock body under the control of the internal and external factors which will be more efficient than those of the verbal ones. In this study was applied in Tuzla geothermal area of 70 km 2 placed in Canakkale. And the results were obtained by using physical properties which were taken from rock samples picked up from the investigation area and image analysis data which were taken from thin section of the rock specimens. The image analysis data which exhibits the rock specimens' conditions represents the all phenomena that rock has them. At the end of this study, the numerical values' changes on the rock specimens which changes between the zero and one were determined by using their physical parameters at every Pi(xi,yi) coordinate. Moreover, the area identification of the rock changes at every target zone or formation was determined by using the physical properties and the image analysis values. The rock alteration values' changes between the zero and one shows that the sequence of light and heavy changes of the rock specimens.


Abstract: The classical vehicle routing problem (VRP) can be extended by including customers who want to send goods to the depot. This type of VRP is called the vehicle routing problem with pickups and deliveries (VRPPD). This study proposes a novel way to solve VRPPD by introducing a two-phase heuristic routing algorithm which consists of a clustering phase and uses the geometrical center of a cluster and route establishment phase by applying a two-way search of each route after applying the TSP algorithm on each route. Experimental results show that the suggested algorithm can generate bet-ter initial solutions for more computer-intensive meta-heuristics than other existing methods such as the giant-tour-based partitioning method or the insertion-based method. Keywords: Vehicle Routing Problem, Heuristic Algorithm, Initial Solution 1. Introduction The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a combinatorial optimization and nonlinear programming problem seeking to service a number of customers with a fleet of vehicles. VRP has been an important problem in the fields of trans-portation, distribution and logistics since Dantzig and Ramser [1] first proposed the problem. The vehicle routing problem with pickups and deliveries (VRPPD) is an exten-sion of the classical VRP. Recently, research on VRPPD has peaked essentially because pickup demands for pack-aging and used product returns from customer locations have increased substantially due to environmental and gov-ernment regulations, and the fact that integrating pickups with deliveries maximally utilizes vehicle capacity and saves money. So, VRPPD must take into account the goods that customers return to the delivery vehicle. This restric-tion makes the planning problem more difficult and in-creases travel distances or the number of vehicles. Re-stricted situations, in which there are no interchanges of goods between customers and all delivery demands start from the depot and all pickup demands are brought back to the depot, are usually considered in VRPPD. The VRPPD model can be classified into three: Deliv-ery-first and pickup-second; mixed pickups and deliveries; and simultaneous pickup and deliveries. The assumption of the delivery-first and pickup-second model is that all deliv-eries must be made before any pickups. This assumption was due to the fact that vehicles were rear-loaded and be-cause rearranging delivery loads onboard to accommodate new pickup loads was difficult. However, in recent days, most vehicles have side-loading as well as rear-loading functions. To accommodate new pickup loads, rearranging delivery loads onboard is no longer a requirement. Hence, the assumption that all deliveries must be made before any pickup can occur can be relaxed, allowing for the mixed pickups and deliveries model in which deliveries and pick-ups may occur in any sequence on a vehicle route. When customers can simultaneously receive and send goods, it is referred to as simultaneous pickup and delivery. A VRPPD solution is feasible only if the following three conditions are satisfied: delivery-feasibility, pickup-feasibility and load-feasibility. Delivery-feasibility and pickup-feasibility mean that both the total delivery and the total pickup de-mands on any vehicle route do not exceed the maximum capacity of the vehicle; and load-feasibility means that the maximum capacity of the vehicle is not exceeded at any point on the route. This study focuses on solving mixed pickups and deliv-eries by applying the two-phase heuristic algorithm. The first phase selects cluster seed as the farthest node (cus-tomers) among unclustered nodes and cluster nodes by using the notion of the geometrical center of a cluster. The result of the first phase satisfies the delivery-feasibility and pickup-feasibility since the total deliveries and pickups on any route is less than or equal to the maximum capacity of the vehicle. And the second phase of the algorithm applies the TSP algorithm on each cluster to find the shortest route regardless of load-feasibility and then finds routes that sat-DOI : 10.3745/JIPS.2009.5.4.237


In order to develop an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for cephalexin synthesis with extractive bioconversion, the partitioning behaviour of cephalexin and 7-aminodeacetoxicephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/salt ATPS were examined. Parameters such as PEG size, salt type and tie line length were investigated to find a primary extraction system. In PEG400/ammonium sulfate and PEG400/magnesium sulfate systems, the partition coefficient of cephalexin (KC) was larger than 1 while that of 7-ADCA (KA) deviated about 1.5. Addition of neutral salts, surfactants and water-miscible solvents were also investigated in the primary ATPS in order to improve the separation efficiency. KC greatly increased when neutral salts and surfactants were added to the PEG400/ammonium sulfate primary systems whereas KA was only slightly higher than that of the additive-free ATPS. In an improved ATPS for extractive bioconversion, consisting of PEG400 (20% w/w), ammonium sulfate (17.5% w/w), methanol (5% w/w) and NaCl (3% w/w), a KC value of up to 15.2 was achieved; KA was 1.8; KP (partition coefficient of phenylglycine methyl ester) was 1.2 and the recovery yield of cephalexin was 94.2%. The results obtained from the extractive bioconversion of cephalexin in the improved ATPS showed that it is feasible to perform such an enzymatic process in an ATPS and the system offers the potential as a model for enzymatic synthesis of some water soluble products.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry


difficulty.' The last explanation seems to me the best, but they are given as if identical. On ii. 52, 3 diem dicunt it is said ' i.e. as tribunes bring in a bill against them before the comitia tributa.' This is probably inaccurate, the word comitia being strictly applicable only to assemblies of the whole populus (which the tribunes could not convene) and not to a concilium plebis. In ii. 65, 2 post prineipia is ordinarily explained ' to the rear,' but Mr. Greenough appears to take it differently.


The isolated star ground system is the most popular implementation of technical grounding for the purposes of grounding sensitive electronic equipment. This approach has been in practice for many years, and while it is not a perfect solution, it is the solution that presents the least compromises. The current approach as implemented in a number of large installations is described as part of an ongoing AES effort to document appropriate practices with regard to the control of noise in audio systems.


The target of this research is to find the conditions for obtaining the valid fracture toughness value of nuclear graphite. The effects of the notch sharpness and size of specimen on the elastic-plastic fracture toughness values are examined. (1) The maximum notch root radius of curvature required for obtaining nearly constant fracture toughness values depends upon the kind of graphite, ca. 0.25mm for the fine-grained isotropic graphite; IG-110 and ca. 1.2mm for the coarse-grained near isotropic graphite, PGX. (2) The minimum specimen thickness for obtaining nearly constant fracture toughness values depends upon the kind of graphite, ca. 10mm for IG-110 and ca. 20mm for PGX. (3) The conditions that the specimen should satisfy for obtaining the valid fracture toughness values vary with the kind of graphite. (4) The linear elastic-plastic fracture toughness is applicable to IG-110 graphite, and evaluation by the elastic-plastic fracture mechanics is not always necessary for IG-110, but it is considered that for PGX the correct fracture toughness values are not obtained unless the elastic-plastic fracture mechanics approach is applied.


The Greek and Roman Antiquities Collection of the Musee du Louvre, Paris contains a bone statuette of the Good Shepherd Christ (Figs. 1, 2).1 Said to have been found in the environs of Rome, possibly on the Via Appia near the catacombs, this statuette is dated by both Coche de la Ferte and Du Bourguet to the end of the third century. It represents a youthful shepherd wearing a sleeved exomis tunic, leggings, laced boots, and a shepherd's shoulder-strap purse. The shepherd supports a ram across his shoulders, his left hand grasping the animal's far front leg and his right encircling the near back leg. The animal's other two legs hang free while, open mouthed, it turns to look across the slightly lowered head of the shepherd. The plastic treatment of the shepherd's body, drapery, face, and hair suggested to Coche de la Ferte and to Du Bourget a comparison between the Louvre statuette and a marble Good Shepherd Christ in the Museo Nazionale Romano, also dated to the late third century (Figs. 3, 4).2 Not only are the overall compositions similar, but also such details as the type of hair, face, and shepherd's purse, and especially the shepherd's grasp of the ram's far front leg, leave little doubt that the two pieces are somehow closely related. However, certain


Chitwood (1950) created the subfamily Dolichodorinae under Criconematidae. As described by Chitwood, this family is a motley assembly of genera sharing a single character : a long spear (Chitwood wrote : "Stylet shaft greatly elongated "; actually in al1 the concerned genera, it is the cone which is elongated). Chitwood placed Criconema, Criconemoides and Henticycliophora in the subfamily Criconematinae; Paratylenchus and Cacopaurus in Paratylenchinae, and Dolichodorus and Belonolaimus in ' Dolichodorinae. This latter subfamily was said to differ from the other two ones by a cuticle coarsely striated with three or more lateral lines, and by females with two genital branches. The caudal alae are terminal in Dolichodorus and adanal in Belonolaimus. Loof (1958) in reviewing Chitwood's (1950) Criconematidae, pointed out that Dolichodorus " does not show any close affinities to other genera ". Loof (1958) rejected the subfamily Dolichodorinae, and he assigned Belonolaimus to Hoplolaiminae and Dolichodorus to Tylenchinae. Skarbilovich (1959) agreed with Chitwood's (1950) concept of Dolichodorinae and raised the subfamily to family rank. Goodey (1963) and Paramonov (1967) consider only Dolichodorus in the subfamily Dolichodorinae, under Hoplolaimidae. These two authors gave to the family Hoplolaimidae a wide definition, and included in it the subfamilies Hoplolaiminae, Rotylenchoidinae, Belonolaiminae, Dolichodorinae, Pratylenchinae and Nacobbinae. Allen and Sher (1967) assigned Dolichodorinae to Tylenchidae. It should be noted that these authors gave to the family Tylenchidae about the same generic content as Goodey's or Paramonov's Hoplolaimidae. Siddiqi (1 970) rediagnosed the family Dolichodoridae, and enlarged its definition to include in it the subfamilies Tylodorinae Paramonov, 1967 (Tylodorus), Dolichodorinae (Dolichodorus, and the newly described genus Brachydorus), Trophurinae Paramonov, 1967 (Trophurus, Macrotrophorus), and Tylenchorhynchinae Eliava, 1964 (Tylenchorhynchus, Nagelus, Geocenamus, Merlinius). Golden (1971) on the contrary restricted Dolichodoridae/Dolichodorinae to the genera Dolichodorus and Brachydorus. Andrassy (1976) followed Golden's concept, but he splited Dolichodorus into Dolichodorus S. str. and Neodolichodorus Andrassy, 1976 (21 days later Siddiqi (1976) created the genus, Plesiodorus, a junior objective synonym of Neodolichodorus). Fotedar and Handoo (1978) also had a narrow concept


Rather than enjoying a good PDF taking into consideration a mug of coffee in the afternoon, otherwise they juggled as soon as some harmful virus inside their computer. 3406e Truck Engine is available in our digital library an online permission to it is set as public as a result you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in complex countries, allowing you to acquire the most less latency era to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the 3406e Truck Engine is universally compatible in the same way as any devices to read.


I examined whether the stratification of keratinocytes, the primary cells of skin epithelium, that over expressed the Cdk4 and telomerase (hTER)‐which made them into immortal cells, had an influence on whether the keratinocytes tissue layer was organized as normal keratinocytes. These immortal keratinocytes were engineered to overexpress GFP so they could be used in wound healing models to monitor keratinocytes migration in real time as they healed a wound. The goal was to determine if GFP affected their ability to stratify and differentiate similar to normal keratinocytes. I arrived at my results by examining immunoflourcense stains for the presence of proteins within the epithelial layers/ dermal compartment in their proper location and orientation. The staining was for the proteins: Involucrin, Keratin 14, and basement membrane proteins collagen IV and laminin‐5. I found that the organization of the epithelial layers of the over expressing keratinocytes to be similar as those of non‐over expressing cells, which means that keratinocytes maintained epithelial cellular organization although they were going through abnormal proliferation. I also analyzed the epithelium layer organization of keratinocytes that were cultured for prolonged period. I also found that skin equivalents that were maintained for long period of time were similar to those that weren't maintained for such a long period.


Food habits of the Leopard Panthera pardus were studied in Dachigam National Park from August 2003 - to July 2005 by analyzing 96 scats. The scats were collected by walking regular transects in the field. Scat analysis examination showed that dog (21%), langur (21%), hangul (18.4%) and rodents (15.7%) were the major constituents of the leopard diet, with cattle, sheep and goats contributing significantly (18.3%) during summer months. Serow (0.8%) and birds (0.8%) were least represented in the diet of the leopard.


Itisa remarkable topic atalltimes whether theBalassa-Samuelson Hypothesis, hold forreal exchange rateintransition countries, butitdoesn't become thefocus inChina until recently westart totest whether itissuitable forRenminbi exchange rate. In viewofthefactthatthepressure ofRenminbi's revaluation growsgradually, aswellasthePPPhasa inclination ofdeviating fromtheequilibrium exchange rateinthelongrun,thispapertakesa further examination andanalysis oftheBalassa-Samuelson Hypothesis, based onother economists' former research, inaimtoproviding auseful angle fortheobservation of Renminbi exchange rate's trend. Soweuseournation's empirical datafrom1980to2005totest this modelby OLS intwoperiods whichisdivided at1994.Our empirical results showthatafter thereformation the Renminbi exchange rate's trend display astrong positive correlation with therelative price level insample period.


The most difficult multiple target tracking problem includes multiple sensors with different viewing angles, measurement geometries, fields of view, accuracies, resolutions and scan rates. Such variations in sensor output characteristics as well as channel delays, countermeasures, inherent target features and maneuvers have solidified the consensus that an effective fusion system must handle several levels of "tracklets" from distributed sources in order to produce the desired long tracks as described in Waltz and Llinas (1990). In view of the increased attention given to hypersonics as well as the increased need for low-level signal processing, the computational complexity of track association is a vital factor in determining an autonomous vehicles' ability to complete its objectives quickly. We are given a set of tracklets where the particular methods used to make the detections are taken for granted. Following joint probability density association filters, we assume short tracklets are completed (i.e, detections are correctly correlated with state estimates) and take a computational geometric approach to associating tracklets. If N is the number of short term tracklets, this method fuses them in O(N2). Using covariance as a distance, this report suggests the applicability of a class of sweep-line algorithms developed in computational geometry in data fusion.


The black slags are a by-product of the steel fabrication. In this case they are produced in the fusion process by means of Electric Arc Furnace (E.A.F.). This type of material has a high strength and due to its durability and chemistry has been used as construction material and more recently, as a cement additive, landfill cover material, and for agricultural applications [13]. In spite of this fact, they present some difficulties due to their volume instability and leaching of elements from them. So it should be considered the possible impact in soils and nearby drinking or surface waters where black slags have been used [4, 5] or deposited in dumping sites. In this study have been analyzed samples from two different industries: ordinary steel industry and special steel industry. In both cases, original and treated black slags were provided us. The ordinary steel treatment consisted of outdoor cooling, water, crushing, sifting and magnetic separation of ironed materials. In the case of special steel treatment, it was only based on cooling outdoor and water. Apart from these, some black slags were picked up in two locations of Vizcaya (Basque Country, Spain). These samples were considered treated due to were collected in construction works, and in order to be used they must be subject of treatment according to the legislation [6]. It was carried out a molecular characterization of all these black slags through Raman Spectroscopy Renishaw RA 100, (Oxford, UK) and an InnoRaman ultramobile spectrometer (B&WTEKINC, Newark, USA). The spectrums indicated a bigger presence of hydroxides in treated slags than in the slag without treatment: lepidocrocite, goethite, limonite, etc. Moreover, it was realized a leaching with Milli-Q water as extractant to reproduce the conditions that are given in the nature. The concentrations of released elements from the black slags were obtained by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) and ionic chromatography (CI). With these data was made a statistical treatment: correlation analysis between cations (Al, Ba, B, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, W, Zn and Ca) and anions (F , Cl , NO3 and SO4 2). It was compared which cations and anions were relationated with the compounds identified in the Raman spectrums obtained previously. It was observed, among others, a high correlation between iron and calcium, boron and barium, nickel and iron, sulfate and calcium... This last correlation corroborated the presence of gypsum (CaSO4) appeared in the Raman spectrum . Finally, it was made a parallel valoration with H2SO4 and NaOH, in order to determinate the carbonates contained in the black slags. After that, it was speculated about the acid gas attack over these carbonates, forming compounds that with the leaching could arrive to unbalance the environmental where the black slags had been deposited [7].


Honeycomb materials have been widely used in architecture, aerospace, and civil engineering in recent years. In this work, hexagonal hierarchical honeycombs with regular triangular substructures are studied. Based on the analytical model, expressions of the relative density and collapse stress are derived. Numerical results show that the substructure number, aspect ratio, and wall angle have different influences on the relative density. The collapse stress of hexagonal hierarchical honeycombs is sensitive to the relative density. Deformation modes of honeycomb structures depend on impact velocities, and secondary deformation is observed due to the introduction of triangular substructures. The kinetic energy and absorption energy of hexagonal hierarchical honeycombs are also provided to investigate the energy transformation and absorption. Because of the secondary deformation, hierarchical honeycombs have better energy absorption performance than conventional ones.


To analyze the code-switching phenomenon in Chinese popular songs by applying the adaptation model on code-switching and theory of Linguistic Adaptation.The study has shown that the underlying causes of code-switching in Chinese pop songs are from adaptation to social conventions,adaptation to linguistic reality and adaptation to psychological motivations.


Breast cancer is one of the major cause of death among women in the whole world. Accurate detection and early diagnosis can increase a survival of the patients. In this paper, an efficient feature extraction method using curvelet transform and feature selection using swarm intelligence has been proposed. In this work, coefficients are extracted from the Region of Interest (ROI) mammogram images by fast discrete curvelet transform via wrapping method. The extracted curvelet coefficients are too high to be classified and in turn time complexity is also very high. In order to reduce the time complexity and to select the prominent features, optimization algorithm using swarm intelligence has been proposed. Then the selected features are given to the SVM classifier. A set of images (182) from Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database is taken for evaluating the system. The performance is analysed using classification accuracy rate. The experimental results are compared with the wavelet transform. The results shows that curvelet transform with particle swarm optimization (PSO) has high classification accuracy rates than the other existing methods for diagnosing the breast cancer.


Two‐dimensional laboratory investigations of flow and transport in a fractured permeable medium are presented. Matrix blocks of a manufactured consolidated permeable medium were arranged together to create fractures in the spaces between the blocks. Experiments examined flow and transport in four different configurations: (1) matrix only, (2) and (3) matrix blocks containing single fractures of different mean apertures, and (4) a brickwork pattern setup simulating a tortuous multiple fracture network. The observed partitioning of flow and solute concentrations suggested mass exchange between the fractures and the matrix was occurring. An analysis of the experimental results using a discrete fracture model and a range of constant aperture models showed that this approach did not capture the correct flow mechanisms. Subsequent simulations including spatial variations of the fracture aperture were better able to describe the experimental observations and to show that these variations cause mass exchange between the fracture and matrix.


This paper analyses Belgian fiscal sustainability using both a retrospective and a prospective view. In the retrospective part, empirical tests on Belgian government solvency during the period 1980-2010 are carried out. In the prospective part a scenario analysis of budgetary adjustment in the short and medium run under alternative hypotheses is undertaken.


This paper first provides a detailed introduction to PROFINET diagnostic data sources, diagnostic models, and the basic theory of diagnostic implementation, with the aim of helping PROFINET users understand the structure and transmission principles of diagnostic information. Then the integration architecture of PROFINET and OPC UA technology is proposed, and the various ways of transferring diagnostic information to manufacturing execution systems (device to PLC, device to edge devices, and device to MES/Cloud) are illustrated. Finally, the importance of PROFINET diagnostic information for predictive maintenance implementation is pointed out with examples.


We reinterpret the Faddeev–Popov gauge-fixing procedure of Yang–Mills theories as the definition of a topological quantum field theory for gauge group elements depending on a background connection. This has the advantage of relating topological gauge-fixing ambiguities to the global breaking of a supersymmetry. The global zero modes of the Faddeev–Popov ghosts are handled in the context of an equivariant cohomology without breaking translational invariance. The gauge-fixing involves constant fields which play the role of moduli and modify the behavior of Green functions at subasymptotic scales. At the one loop level physical implications from these power corrections are gauge invariant.


A field experiment was carried out during the 2019 and 2020 seasons on 12-year-old Navel orange trees grown in El Bustan district, El Behera Governorate, Egypt. Three concentrations (25, 50 and 75 ppm) of tryptophan, (100, 200 and 300 ppm) of salicylic, and (500, 750 and 1000 ppm) of ascorbic as well as the control (tape water) were foliar application three times a year, i.e., at full bloom stage and the second one was performed
just after fruit setting and the third was sprayed four weeks later. The results showed that, tryptophan treatment at 75 ppm improved shoot length, tree height, tree canopy volume, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit volume. Moreover, salicylic as foliar application at 300 ppm increased fruit set percentage, fruit retention percentage, numbers of fruits/ tree, yield, yield efficiency, peel thickness, juice weight, fruit juice percentage,
TSS, ascorbic acid content, and total sugars content.


The conditions and the rules of practice in clinical settings limit the client's right to confidentiality. These limits are reviewed in the case of criminologists : some limits are legal while others refer to the context, the expectations and the reticences shared by the speakers in presence.In regard to past crimes and s elf-incrimination, these questions raise fundamental issues both to the level of ethics and administration of the penal justice. Besides the latter, is there a place for moral justice in our social control system ?


Anthropogenic eutrophication and spreading anoxia in freshwater systems is a global concern. Little is known about anoxia in earlier historic times under weaker human impact, or under prehistoric natural conditions with different trophic, land cover and climatic regimes. We use a novel approach that combines high‐resolution hyperspectral imaging with µ‐XRF and HPLC‐pigment data, which allows us to assess chloropigments (productivity) and bacteriopigments (anoxia) at seasonal subvarve‐scale resolution. Our ~9700 cal a bp varved sediment record from NE Poland suggests that productivity increased stepwise from oligotrophic Early Holocene conditions (until ~9200 cal a bp) to mesotrophic conditions in the Mid‐ and Late Holocene. Natural eutrophication was mainly a function of progressing landscape evolution with intense weathering under dense forest and warm‐moist climatic conditions. Generally, anoxia increased with increasing productivity. Seasonal anoxia and some multi‐decadal periods of meromixis were the common mixing patterns throughout the Holocene except for a period of persisting meromixis between ~5200 and 2000 cal a bp. Anthropogenic deforestation around 400 cal a bp resulted in substantially better lake oxygenation despite high productivity. In this small lake, aquatic productivity and lakeshore forest cover (wind shield) were more important factors controlling oxic/anoxic conditions than Holocene temperature variability.


Introduction: Cognitive impairment has been observed in thalassemia patients (1) and it may be related to iron overload. Increased iron deposition was also reported in the basal ganglion regions in thalassemic patients previously. SWI with phase map allows more sensitive detection of iron content in the brain with higher image resolution (2). Therefore, we used SWI to quantify iron store in the brain of thalassemia patients with comparison to age matched normal subjects. Method: Thirty-four (17 Male) beta-thalassemia major patients and 34 (17 Male) age matched healthy normal volunteers were recruited for the study. The mean/SD of age was 24.4/6.1 and 26.4/4.0 years for the patient and the control groups respectively. MRI scan was performed using a Philips 3T scanner, and included a 3D gradient-echo sequence for SWI (FOV=230mm, Matrix=256x256, Slice thickness = 2mm, TR/TE =16/23ms) and a structural imaging sequence using either MPRAGE or 2D T1 weighted (T1W) technique for anatomical identification and image normalization. The phase image of the SWI sequence was processed to remove background field variation using a standard complex division method (3). All images were normalized to a standard brain template in SPM using the T1W image as a medium, and the mean phase image was created. Region-Of-Interests (ROI) were drawn on the mean phase map and included bilateral caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PT), globus pallidus (GP), red nucleus (RN), substantia nigra (SN) and dentate nucleus (DN) (Fig 1). The mean phase value (PV) was calculated as the mean value


Due to vehicles' high mobility and complex wireless environment, mobile data traffic imposes a great challenge on Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (VDTN). Based on high-throughput mmWave communication, the road side unit (RSU) plays an indispensable role in offloading delay-tolerant data traffic from cellular infrastructure to adjacent RSU. This paper formulates the selection of locations to deploy RSU at traffic intersections with budget constrains as an optimization problem. A data-driven RSU deployment algorithm is proposed to optimize data offloading in VDTNs. Synthetic simulation was employed to investigate the proposed scheme under real mobility traces. The results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the average service waiting time and achieves a higher RSU utilization.


The economic profitabiIity of integrated weed management treatments of ah experiment conducted during Kharif 1979 and 1980 at Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palanpur was worked out. Integration of chemical weed control with maize plant population of 75,000 per hectare, 50 per cent higher than the recomnended fertility and inter cropping of soybean in between two rows of maize resulted in significantly highest gross and net return. However, significantly highest benefit/cost ratio was obtained when 50 per cent lower than the reconmended fertility was applied in maize with 60,000 population intercropped with soybean, and managing weeds through chemicals.


Taking landscape water pollution and treatment method used in one residential area of Kunming as an example,the writers analyze the main reasons of water pollution in ecological landscape of the city and find out a reasonable and applicable approach in order to control urban landscape water pollution.


We present a case of an adolescent with an adrenocortical carcinoma that demonstrates the potential inhibitory effects of androgens on breast and endometrial development. A previously well 141⁄2-year-old girl presented with a 2-year history of worsening hirsutism and abdominal pain. She had onset of pubarche at 11 years, but had not yet had breast development or menarche. In contrast, her mother and sister had menarche at 12 and 11 years of age, respectively. On examination, her height was 150 4 cm (3rd percentile) and weight 57 3 kg (50th percentile). She had a deep voice, muscular build, and hirsutism involving her upper lip, chin, chest and lower back. There were no features suggestive of glucocorticoid excess. She was Tanner stage 1 for breast and 5 for pubic hair. The remainder of the examination was unremarkable. Investigations revealed significantly elevated androgens, with no evidence of glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid excess (Table 1). Despite the lack of breast development, the gonadotropins and estradiol were in the pubertal range, and bone age was significantly advanced at 18 years. Imaging demonstrated a large left-sided retroperitoneal mass arising from the adrenal gland, consistent with an adrenocortical carcinoma, with no evidence of metastatic spread. On ultrasound, the uterus was peri-pubertal in size, but without a defined endometrial stripe. The patient proceeded to have an open trans-abdominal left adrenalectomy, with pathological confirmation of adrenocortical carcinoma. Postoperatively she had biochemical resolution of the hyperandrogenism (Table 1) and was monitored for pubertal progression. She had a menstrual bleed 2 months postoperatively and subsequently had regular monthly menses. Breast development also occurred postoperatively with progression from Tanner stage 1–5 within 15 months. Adrenocortical carcinomas are rare tumours, presenting in children most commonly with virilization. Our patient with an adrenocortical carcinoma presented with an unusual pubertal picture: complete lack of breast development and no increase in the endometrium, despite evidence of pubertal activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. We hypothesize that excessively high androgen levels interfered with breast and endometrial development. Pubertal mammary gland development is primarily initiated and driven by the presence of increasing oestrogen levels. The effect of androgens on breast tissue has been more controversial. By providing increased precursor supplies of oestrogen through aromatization, elevated androgen levels have been theorized to lead to stimulation of breast tissue. However, increasing evidence from in vitro and animal studies has shown that androgens, by down-regulating oestrogen receptor gene expression, can instead reduce proliferation and increase apoptosis in cultured human breast tissue. This has led to interest regarding the potential protective role of androgens in the development of breast cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown a reduced risk of breast cancer in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Postmenopausal women treated with trans-dermal testosterone and hormone replacement therapy demonstrate less breast cell proliferation on needle aspiration biopsy than those on hormone therapy alone. In addition, remission rates of breast cancer were doubled in a


Objective: To seek a simple, quick and accurate determination method of preservatives in drug.Methods: A HPLC method with gradient elution was introduced for the determination of preservatives in oral Chinese patent medicine preparation. Results: This method can simultaneously determine 5 commonly used preservatives, including sorbic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, emthyl and ethyl esters of methyl parabenzoic acid.Conclusion: This method shows good accuracy and reproducibility. The method was applied to the examination of 109 oral liquid samples, about 80% of them were found to contain the preservatives.


The electrical potential difference (p.d.) between two points on the surface of a plant root is shown to be a measure of the difference between the transmembrane potentials at those two points. More precisely, it is shown that axial differences in electrical potential on the surface of the root, or within several tenths of millimeters of it in the rhizosphere, are primarily a result of axial differences in p.d. across the plasmalemma of cells in the cortex, with an additional small effect from axial differences in p.d. across the plasmalemma of cells in the stele. This conclusion results from a model of the root as a three-conductor electrical transmission line. The model requires the solution of a set of differential equations, but simple algebraic approximations are found to apply over a range of model parameters derived from published data. Given the predictions of the model, it follows that, for many research purposes, microelectrode measurements could be replaced with measurements of p.d. on the surface of the root. Such measurements offer substantial advantages over microelectrode measurements: they are non-invasive; they do not include the potential difference across the tonoplast; they measure a spatial average of many cells, not just a single cell; and the measurement is physically robust. Surface potential measurements do not, however, measure trans-membrane potential at one point, but measure differences in trans-membrane potential.


The purpose of this paper is to find out whether risk perception can affect rapidity in international market entry. Also, this paper tries to find out whether the decision-making approach, effectuation, can moderate the pathway between risk tolerance and internationalization speed.,A hypothetico-deductive methodology has been used to conduct this study. Using partial least square regression, this study tested and proved two developed hypotheses based on a sample of 101 software and IT-enabled services firms in Bangladesh. The sample was selected using non-probability sampling techniques, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed from the extant literature.,All of the hypotheses proposed in this study have been accepted. The results show that the effectual approach of decision-making negates the risk perception of the entrepreneur and speeds up the internationalization process of that firm.,The implications of this study are inherent in the entrepreneurial cognition and decision-making approach (effectuation). This study provides an insight into risk perception and the rapidity of internationalization, which can spur future development in this field.,Rapidity in internationalization of small- and medium-sized enterprises depends on a significant number of factors, one of which is the decision-making approach. The decision-making approach followed by the firms can have an effect on the speed of internationalization. This paper connects the dots between the rapidity of entry to foreign markets with a cognitive variable, risk perception. This paper developed two hypotheses to measure the relationship between risk perception of the entrepreneurs and the rapidity in international market entry with moderation of the decision-making approach.


The structure of an ion-exchanged layer of CuxS on CdS has been studied by an X-ray method which yields diffraction and fluorescence results simultaneously. The method utilized a solid-state Ge crystal detector and a low incidence angle for the X-ray beam. From the fluorescence yield one can estimate the expected diffraction contribution of the surface film. The diffraction results indicated the presence of both chalcocite (Cu2S) and djurleite (Cu1.96S). A reversible phase transition near 100°C was observed.


This article looks at corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a discursive social practice that attempts to interrogate the global market economy and its neoliberal underpinnings and that reflects as well as frames and shapes domestic and global politics and institutions. Drawing upon Karl Polanyi's notions of reciprocity and redistribution while also emphasizing the normative content of the concept, the article inquires into the position that the CSR discourse occupies in addressing the corporate transnational risks derived from social tensions and conflicts and more generally, in answering social expectations for justice. The Polanyian perspective highlights the CSR discursive quest for a missing conceptual consistency and implicitly, for a constructive "critical" core. From this perspective, the article shows CSR to reside within controversial conceptual boundaries; a discursive social practice that engages with the social aspiration of embedding market economy in society while it is also in need of reclaiming its critical core and its potential for social change.


Knowledge intensive services (KIS) have grown rapidly across Europe in recent years and are often regarded as critical to economic growth and knowledge diffusion. This paper focuses on the factors determining spatial variations in the growth of these services. Combining insights from the regional innovation systems approach and modern growth theory, it is argued that local economic diversity may be beneficial to the growth of KIS. An empirical study of Great Britain over the period 1991-2002 reveals significant regional variations, with rapid growth occurring in a central cluster and major urban areas. The results of an empirical model provide support for the positive impact of diversity on employment growth but no evidence of a positive effect of sector specialisation. From a policy perspective, the analysis suggests that greater attention needs to be devoted to enhancing economic diversity and understanding sector specific effects. Copyright (c) 2008 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.


Objective: To evaluate the short-term effect of teaching program on evidence-based medicine. Design: Experimental study and develop intervention in various classes. Results: After the teaching program of evidence-based medicine, the students were much more active to solve their problems in clinical pAbstractice (P0.05). Their ability to use evidence-based medicine principles and to search for the medical information was significantly improved (P0.05). Conclusion: The teaching program on evidence-based medicine was quite effective in short-term.


Broadcast is a fundamental operation in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. This paper proposes a simple and efficient broadcast protocol, called Broadcast based on Layered Diffusion (BLD), which is a stateless broadcast protocol with very low message overheads and very low computation requirements. In BLD, nodes do not need to exchange neighborhood information for building a broadcast backbone, but make their rebroadcast decisions locally. The design idea of BLD is to emulate the triangular tessellation for complete area coverage of the network field. It does not require nodes' location information for such tessellation emulation but only exploits the hop count information for each node to make local rebroadcast decision and timing. Simulation results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the BLD protocol and its robustness to localization errors and transmission errors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A refined CCSD(T) intermolecular potential energy surface is developed for the He–C2H2 van der Waals complex. For this, 206 points on the intermolecular potential energy surface, evaluated using the CCSD(T) method and the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set extended with a set of 3s3p2d1f1g midbond functions, are fitted to a 15-parameter analytic function. The potential is characterised by minima of −24.21 cm−1 at distances between the rare gas atom and the C2H2 centre of mass of 4.3453 Å, and with the complex in a linear configuration. At intermediate distances the surface is rather similar to that developed previously by Munteanu and Fernández (J. Chem. Phys., 123, 014309, 2005) but differs notably at short range. The improved potential energy surface should, therefore, be particularly useful for computations of collision line broadening. Dynamical calculations of a number of rovibrational bound state energies and wave functions are presented. Inspection of the nodal surfaces of several low lying excited states shows that the complex is close to the free rotor limit.


Objective Analyze the status and demand of human recourse of CHS in Futian,Shenzhen.Methods We have an investigation on the status and demand of human resources in 51 CHSC in Futain,including manning quotas,profession,station,professional-training,the ratio of doctor and nurse,the satisfies of job,etc.Results There are 710 persons in 51 CHSC,54.7% of them don't approve of the work.CHSC need the GP have undergraduate course and junior college educational background,and have 3 years work experience;transformation of internal medicine was 96.1%.Conclusion Government may raise the investment in human recourse of CHS,and strengthen the standard training of General Practice(GP),to adapt with the needs of speedy development of CHS.


Two accelerometers provided acceleration data during the STS-75 mission in support of the third United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-3) experiments. The Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE) and the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) provided a measure of the microgravity environment of the Space Shuttle Columbia. The OARE provided investigators with quasi-steady acceleration measurements after about a six hour time lag dictated by downlink constraints. SAMS data were downlinked in near-real-time and recorded on-board for post-mission analysis. An overview of the mission is provided as are brief discussions of these two accelerometer systems. Data analysis techniques used to process SAMS and OARE data are discussed Using a combination of these techniques, the microgravity environment related to several different Orbiter, crew, and experiment operations is presented and interpreted. The microgravity environment represented by SAMS and OARE data is comparable to the environments measured by the instruments on earlier microgravity science missions. The OARE data compared well with predictions of the quasi-steady environment. The SAMS data show the influence of thruster firings and crew motion (transient events) and of crew exercise, Orbiter systems, and experiment operations (oscillatory events). Thruster activity on this mission appears to be somewhat more frequent than on other microgravity missions with the combined firings of the F5L and F5R jets producing significant acceleration transients. The specific crew activities performed in the middeck and flight deck, the SPREE table rotations, the waste collection system compaction, and the fuel cell purge had negligible effects on the microgravity environment of the USMP-3 carriers. The Ku band antenna repositioning activity resulted in a brief interruption of the ubiquitous 17 Hz signal in the SAMS data. In addition, the auxiliary power unit operations during the Flight Control System checkout appeared to have a significant impact on the microgravity environment.


The invention provides a search method and a search engine. The search method comprises the following steps of receiving search words of a user, and acquiring the current environmental parameter of the environment where the user is positioned; acquiring a plurality of search results according to the search words; sequencing the plurality of search results according to the current environmental parameter; providing the sequenced search results for the user. The search method provided by the invention has the advantages that the sequencing for the search results is optimized according to the environmental parameter, so that the user can acquire needed results quickly, the time and the operation of the user for acquiring the search result are reduced, the requirements of the user on personalization and diversification are met and the search experience of the user is improved.


The effect of a training program designed to develop phonemic awareness skills in kindergarten was assessed in a study involving three experimental groups and two control groups. The degree of structure imposed upon the program was varied in the experimental groups. One control group was trained in non-verbal auditory discrimination, and the second control group followed the ordinary preschool program during the 6–8 week observational period. A clear improvement in the ability to segment and blend three-phoneme words was observed in the highly structured training cohdition, especially among the children with poor pre-test performance, while no clear changes from pre- to post-test were found in the other groups. It was concluded that phonemic awareness can be developed in prereaders outside the context of formal reading instruction.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a intermediate moisture seasoning fish food, which comprises the technological processes of raw ingredient fish such as preprocessing, rinsing with clear water, drying, etc. The fish bodies are soaked in mixed aqueous solution composed of edible salt and EDTA before being rinsed in the clear water; certain lso-Vc is mixed in seasoning for salting treatment before drying; the fish bodies are drying-processed by adopting the low-temperature drying process, to lead the water content of the fish bodies in the products to range from 40 to 65 percent. The mixed aqueous solution has the proportion of the edible salt and the EDTA that the edible salt is 2 to 10g and the EDTA is 0.2 to 0.5g by weight per 100ml water, and the time for soaking the fish bodies is 10 to 60 minutes. The quantity of the lso-Vc which is mixed in the seasoning is 0.2 to 0.5 percent of the weight of the salted and processed fish bodies. The preparation method is applied to solve the problems that the taste is single, the lipid oxidation is serious, the color is bad, etc. in the traditional intermediate moisture fish food; the preparation method can also enlarge the raw ingredient of the intermediate moisture fish food, and can solve the difficult problem of processing the intermediate moisture foods of high-fat fish.


A novel micromanipulation technique of multi-objectives based on vibrating bubbles in an open chip environment is described in this paper. Bubbles were created in an aqueous medium by the thermal energy converted from a laser. When the piezoelectric stack fixed under the chip vibrated the bubbles, micro-objects (microparticles, cells, etc.) rapidly moved towards the bubbles. Results from numerical simulation demonstrate that convective flow around the bubbles can provide forces to capture objects. Since bubbles can be generated at arbitrary destinations in the open chip environment, they can act as both micromanipulators and transporters. As a result, micro- and bio-objects could be collected and transported effectively as masses in the open chip environment. This makes it possible for scientific instruments, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning ion conductive microscopy (SICM), to operate the micro-objects directly in an open chip environment.


By using China's input-output tables,this paper calculates the consumption intensities of coal,oil,natural gas and hydro and nuclear electricity in different sectors,and further explores the domestic energy embodied in China's export as well as the share of energy consumption by export and other final demands.The results show that during the period of 2002 to 2007,all the types of Chinese energy consumption intensities are decreasing,in which the intensity of oil is the largest and that of natural gas is the smallest in decreasing.The intensities of coal,oil and electricity in China's top 10 export industries are decreasing but are still smaller than the total average while that of natural gas is increasing.The embodied energy in China's export increases,with coal,natural gas and electricity rising faster than oil.The export structure requires more energy than it drives the economy.And at the same time,the share of energy consumption by export increases in the total demand,and given the same economic growth,the energy consumption of export is higher than that of domestic residents,which,however,is not as high as that of investment and government expenditure.


Foxtail millet ( Setaria italica ) is a small diploid C4 panicoid crop species, whose genome is being sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute (JGI) of the Department of Energy. The rationale for sequencing foxtail millet is that it is closely related to the bioenergy grasses switchgrass ( Panicum


This article introduces a cascaded sliding-block decision feedback equalizer (SB-DFE) that equalizes multiple precursor and postcursor intersymbol interference (ISI). The paper also presents an enhanced statistical analysis for the DFE in the presence of residual ISI and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), along with generalized expressions for the probability and expected length of DFE burst errors. In addition, the statistical analysis is extended to the conventional SB-DFE and our proposed cascaded SB-DFE to accurately estimate their equalization capability, latency, and steady-state bit error rate (BER). The simulation results reveal that the cascaded SB-DFE provides as low BER as the mininum mean-squared error - DFE (MMSE-DFE) with substantially lower latency and hardware overhead.


When compared with wider social research, qualitative educational research has been relatively slow to take up online research methods (ORMs). There is some very notable research in the area but, in general, ORMs have not achieved wide applicability in qualitative educational contexts apart from research that is inherently linked to the Internet, for example, research on educational technologies or students' online behaviour. This paper demonstrates how ORMs can be useful in qualitative research projects. It describes how on-going, reflective, qualitative data were collected using a popular, community-based online tool – blogs. The research project that utilized this approach aimed to trace how a group of international students in the United Kingdom responded to their new environment over six months. This article attempts to provide a new understanding on the use of blogs as a tool for data collection.


Advocacy Practice for Social Justice (3rd ed.) By: Richard Hoefer Oxford University Press (2016) Reviewed by: Nancy J. Bothne The Chicago School of Professional Psychology Subscribe to JNEL


Chapter 8 examines the logic of Benamozegh's universalism through his treatment of the role of nations. As a witness and vocal supporter of the Italian Risorgimento and the advent of nation-states, Benamozegh had emphasized the political acumen of Judaism and its relevance to modern, nation-based societies. In his view, universalism could only be achieved through the particularism of nations--not in the abstract manner he believed had been promoted by Pauline Christianity, focused on individuals, which could not elicit any true religious belonging.


Due to ageing, insulation of the power transformers degrade. Ageing occurs mainly due to moisture content and oxygen in the oil-paper insulation of the power transformer. The ageing process causes an increase in the dissipation factor. To evaluate the service life of an in-situ transformer, condition monitoring of the insulation is essential. Researchers recently developed new techniques for condition assessment of power transformers insulation based on dielectric response measurement. However, the instruments used for those techniques are costly. In the present work, the return voltage measurement technique is used to estimate the high voltage insulation degradation; the data was obtained using a low-cost instrument. This paper reports the relationship between the initial rate of rising of RVM with variation in operational age and dielectric loss.


For highly available connectivity of automation devices, with fully independent Ethernet interfaces within a redundant Komunikationsnetzes to simply tailed automation equipment a Y-switch is used for the respective tailed easy automation device. Here, the Y-Switch is connected to a first or subnet of the redundant communication network via a first or second port, while it is connected directly or indirectly via a third port connected with the easy automation device. In addition, incoming data frames at the first, second and third ports are associated with a first, second and third VLAN. In addition, the first and second port are set as the Untagged Members of the VLAN first and third or the second and third VLAN. The third port is set up for all three VLANs as untagged members. trained on the first two ports unicast MAC addresses are automatically adopted as the static entry for the third VLAN. When deleting a learned on the first two ports Unicast MAC address is also a deletion of the corresponding static entry for the third VLAN occurs.


Summary: Fifty cases of primary amenorrhoea are reviewed with reference to the aetiology. In all patients the buccal smear chromatin complement was measured and chromosomal study proceeded to if this revealed less than 25% of cells to be chromatin positive. Total urinary gonadotrophin and oestrogen assays were performed in all patients and the spectrum of values seen is presented.


This research develops a framework for regional scale flood modeling that integrates NEXRAD Level III rainfall, GIS, and a hydrological model (HEC-HMS/RAS). The San Antonio River Basin (about 4000 square miles, 10000 square kilometers) in central Texas, USA, is the domain of the study because it is a region subject to frequent occurrences of severe flash flooding. A major flood in the summer of 2002 is chosen as a case to examine the modeling framework. The model consists of a rainfall-runoff model (HEC-HMS) that converts precipitation excess to overland flow and channel runoff, as well as a hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) that models unsteady state flow through the river channel network based on the HEC-HMS derived hydrographs. HEC-HMS is run on a 4 km × 4 km grid in the domain, a resolution consistent with the resolution of NEXRAD rainfall taken from the local river authority. Watershed parameters are calibrated manually to produce a good simulation of discharge at 12 subbasins. With the calibrated discharge, HEC-RAS is capable of producing floodplain polygons that are comparable to the satellite imagery. The modeling framework presented in this study incorporates a portion of the recently developed GIS tool named Map to Map that has been created on a local scale and extends it to a regional scale. The results of this research will benefit future modeling efforts by providing a tool for hydrological forecasts of flooding on a 6 regional scale. While designed for the San Antonio River Basin, this regional scale model may be used as a prototype for model applications in other areas of the country.


Commercial lawyers often use checklists on particular transactions to make sure that they are covering all the points necessary to achieve the best and most comprehensive contract for their client. These checklists are not model contracts, nor do they reflect the result of the negotiations between the parties, but simply identify the points that each interested party to the contract should consider. For example, in a royalty contract, a relevant question on a checklist is whether there are royalties based on any measure tied to a product's sales. If the answer is affirmative, there may be many options for calculation (e.g., a percentage of gross sales vs. net profits), each with their own practical challenges.The following checklist has a similar function. It sets out the major items that should be considered in crafting a regulatory system. It does not offer a model gaming regulatory system. It is not even the first step of the process of adopting regulations. To explain this point, let's go back to a commercial contract example. Suppose you just came up with a new device to make soft-boiled eggs. You have obtained a patent and have done all the market research to determine that you have a marketable product. At this point, you may consider all your options on how to bring your product to market. For example, you could manufacture it or you could simply license it to a manufacturer. If you decide to license it, you should have some idea of what you want from the relationship with the manufacturer. A smart business person would not approach a potential manufacturer without some idea of the basic structure and terms of the contract that they are seeking. If both the inventor and the manufacturer have mutual interest in the product, they might then agree on the major terms in a letter of intent or a term sheet and then proceed to a full contract. It is at the contract stage, the second part of the process, that the checklists are most valuable.Surprisingly, the adoption of gaming laws and regulations is a similar process. The creation of a casino industry most often starts from a common starting point. Gambling is illegal, but the government decides to craft exemptions to permit legal casinos because it wants to achieve specific public goals. These can include social goals like protecting the public against dishonest games, or assuring that players get paid if they win. More often, however, the goals are financially driven. The government is often looking for casinos to create taxes, redevelop urban areas, or boast tourism. In this regard, the government may be an equal partner with the casino owners. For example, Pennsylvania has a 55% gross gaming revenue tax on slot machines. In this case, the state is much more than an equal partner in the gaming activity because, unlike the casino, it does not bear the operating expenses.When the state government looks to maximize tax revenues, like any good business partner, it wants to have certain controls over the business to assure that all revenue is accounted for and its partnership interests are paid. Of course, this is not the same dynamic in every jurisdiction; some states may have less of an interest in the gaming revenues and more of an interest in achieving other policy goals, such as minimizing the social impacts of problem gambling. But, it is clearly the trend. The process is a negotiation because the prospective casino licensees also are bargaining for certain things. Most importantly, they are looking for the rights, often exclusive, to conduct legal gambling. They also may look to minimize the controls that the government wants to impose that may inhibit their ability to maximize profits.Often well before the creation of the regulatory system, the basic perimeters of the relationship between the government and the industry is established through legislative process leading to casino authorization. By this point, the government hopefully has established clear and consistent policy goals regarding what it hopes to accomplish by authorizing a few private concerns to be given valuable exceptions to the general prohibition against gambling. …


We are sincerely grateful to the Reviewer # 1 for the valuable comments on our work and the rich literature suggested on this topic. Waiting for the comments of other reviewers, we would like to respond meanwhile to the Comments of Reviewer # 1, which require more details about the novelties of our paper and the validity of the river representation. Additional replies will be given, following the observation of the other reviewers, with the final revision of the text. GENERAL COMMENTS Scope of our paper is integrating the ample literature covering different aspects of


We consider the Schur groups of some module categories, which are subcategories of category of divisorial modules over a Krull domain. Then we obtain the exact sequence connecting class group, Schur class group and Schur groups of these categories.


Bank regulation has important economic effects and the round of major financial reforms in response to the great financial crisis of 2007–9 will certainly have impacts on the wider economy. Judging what those will be is complex and difficult. Quantifying them is even harder, but it is important to form some judgments regardless, since regulation is a balancing act. Occasionally we can achieve greater safety for free, principally by insisting on intelligent risk management to block the kind of stupid actions that seem appealing in the middle of a bubble. However, in the great majority of cases safety comes at a cost to efficiency and economic growth in normal years, which must be balanced against the large benefits of reducing the frequency and severity of financial crises. Most financial regulation is effectively a purchase of insurance against crises and we need to judge whether the annual premiums are worth the protection against infrequent, but devastating, events…


Water retention curve (WRC) and hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) are essential information to model the movement of water in the soil using the Richardson-Richards equation (RRE). Although lab...


Quantum output of the Kα-line emission of the molybdenum target was determined on the ANGARA-1 high current generator and it was about 5*1014 photons A possibility of the powerful monochromatic X- ray beams for the medical purposes is now under discussion.