Rationale for the meeting: On 13 December 2016, the Kofi Annan Foundation convened a stakeholder meeting entitled, "Snake ites in Afri a: Challenges and Solutions", to dis uss o e of toda s ost egle ted glo al health problems: snakebite-induced death and disability in Sub-Saharan Africa. The issue was first ought to M . A a s atte tio by Dr. Rath in the local context of Ghana. In Ghana and across SubSaharan Africa, snakebite is a disease which impacts the lives of thousands, mostly the rural poor, and contributes to multiple issues that challenge subsistence agriculture and the overall quality of life in many settings. In order to better understand this challenge and define interventions with short and longer term outputs, the Kofi Annan Foundation convened this meeting of representatives from the scientific community, public health organizations, civil society and philanthropic institutions in Geneva.


Abstract Distributive laws between two monads in a 2-category K , as defined by Jon Beck in the case K = Cat, were pointed out by the author to be monads in a 2-category MndK of monads. Steve Lack and the author defined wreaths to be monads in a 2-category EMK of monads with different 2-cells from MndK. Mixed distributive laws were also considered by Jon Beck, Mike Barr and, later, various others; they are comonads in MndK . Actually, as pointed out by John Power and Hiroshi Watanabe, there are a number of dual possibilities for mixed distributive laws. It is natural then to consider mixed wreaths as we do in this article; they are comonads in EMK . There are also mixed opwreaths: comonads in the Kleisli construction completion KlK of K . The main example studied here arises from a twisted coaction of a bimonoid on a monoid. A wreath determines a monad structure on the composite of the two endomorphisms involved; this monad is called the wreath product. For mixed wreaths, corresponding to this wreath product, is a convolution operation analogous to the convolution monoid structure on the set of morphisms from a comonoid to a monoid. In fact, wreath convolution is composition in a Kleisli-like construction. Walter Moreira's Heisenberg product of linear endomorphisms on a Hopf algebra, is an example of such convolution, actually involving merely a mixed distributive law. Monoidality of the Kleisli-like construction is also discussed.


The authors apply a theorem of J. Lurie to produce cohomology theories associated to certain Shimura varieties of type $U(1,n-1)$. These cohomology theories of topological automorphic forms ($\mathit{TAF}$) are related to Shimura varieties in the same way that $\mathit{TMF}$ is related to the moduli space of elliptic curves. Table of Contents: $p$-divisible groups; The Honda-Tate classification; Tate modules and level structures; Polarizations; Forms and involutions; Shimura varieties of type $U(1,n-1)$; Deformation theory; Topological automorphic forms; Relationship to automorphic forms; Smooth $G$-spectra; Operation on $\mathit{TAF}$; Buildings; Hypercohomology of adele groups; $K(n)$-local theory; Example: chromatic level $1$; Bibliography; Index. (MEMO/204/958)


The cases of root fractures in odontology are extremely serious and require, besides of an accurate diagnosis, the immediate and correct assistance in order to get a good prognostic of� the� case.� A� male,� 30� years� old,� went� to� the� dentist� ofༀ・ce� after� a� permanent� right� maxillary� central incisor trauma. The tooth was examined and semiotechnique tests were done, periapical and exchange of contention. After seven days, it was made a canal preparation and medication with� calcium� hydroxide� paste.� After� four� months,� it� was� arranged� in� the� ༀ・lling� of� the� coronal� portion and later proservation of the case for two years, and we noted the normal tissue and repair the fracture area. In cases of dental trauma involving root fracture, it is preciput that we


Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to determine the influence of the geometric parameters of the stator of a linear piezoceramic motor in the form of a piezoceramic plate on the characteristics of its amplitude oscillations. Methodology. For the research, mathematical modeling in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package was used, taking into account the interrelation of electrostatic and mechanical phenomena. Results. By numerical simulation of the process of operating of a linear piezoceramic motor, a rational ratio of the width to the length of the piezoceramic plate is determined. Originality . The rational value of the thickness h of the piezoceramic plate of the motor is also established. Approximate dependencies are proposed for determining the parameters of the relationship between the geometric dimensions of the piezoceramic plate of a linear piezomotor, which makes it possible to predict its characteristics. The adequacy of calculation models is confirmed by experimental studies. Practical value. The results obtained can be used in the design of piezoceramic motors.


Objective: To report the long-term results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the treatment of painful hips in cerebral palsy (CP). Premature painful hip degeneration in people with CP is a common, very disabling, and complex problem to treat. Design: Retrospective study of medical records and roentgenograms . Setting: Referral orthopaedic hospital. Patients: The population of this study comprised 18 patients (19 hips) with CP and end-stage hip degeneration treated with THA. Mean age at surgery was 32 years (17 to 60 years) with a mean follow-up of 14.4 years (3 to 2 1 years). Measuremats and main results: Medical records and roentgenograms were evaluated for pain, level of activity, surgical complications, and arthroplasty survivorship. Preoperatively, 12 patients had severe pain at rest; six had pain standing. AU components of the arthroplasty were cemented. Five hips had acetabular augmentation with bone graft. Postoperatively, 17 hips were immobilized (16 spica, one traction). Complete pain relief occurred in 17 patients. Functionally, 12 patients improved at least one level. One case with a painful loose stem was lost to follow-up after 3 years. Two patients required acetabular and femoral revision after 3 and 6 years respectively for malposition and recurrent episodes of dislocation and subluxation. One patient underwent a failed acetabular revision for loosening at 17 years and ended with a resection arthroplasty Currently, five patients are deceased, four ofwhom were pain-free at the time of death. With prosthesis replacement as the end-point, the survival rate at 20 years was 71%. Conclusions: The rate of loosening and dislocation in our population was slightly higher than in people without CP and the surgical technique was more demanding in certain cases. However, the results show that long-lasting pain relief and improved function was achieved in all but one patient. Three patients needed revision. These data show that treatment of painful coxarthrosis in CP with THA is successful in providing durable pain relief and improving function. imbalance between the strong hip adductors/flexors and the paralyzed abductors/extensors is the main cause. While there is consensus regarding no treatment for children with thoracic level lesions and treatment for all children with sacral level lesions, the treatment for the dislocation in children with low lumbar level lesions is less clear. Some advocate surgical reduction for all unilateral cases while others advise leaving the dislocation alone. None of these earlier studies used gait analysis as part of the evaluation process. At our institution, the use of gait analysis has shown that asymmetry is related to hip deformity (adductiodflexion) and not to dislocation itself. Material: Five consecutive children with low lumbar level lesions who were community ambulators with unilateral hip dislocation were evaluated by gait analysis. They all had a hip flexion/adduction and internal rotation deformity leading to an asymmetrical gait. Based on the principle of correcting the deformity and ignoring the dislocation, they all underwent a valgus derotation osteotomy of the proximal femur associated with an adductor myotomy, and where necessary, an iliopsoas lengthening above-the-brim. Results: A second gait analysis was performed 1 year after the operation. Patients were evaluated on gait velocity, stride length, single leg stance, and improvement in gait symmetry. Range of hip motion was also recorded. Gait asymmetry improved in all cases, with decreased dynamic pelvic obliquity and improved hip abduction duringstance and swing phase as well as during excessive hip internal rotation. Improvements in gait were: velocity, a mean of 7.4%; hip abduction, a mean of 16O; and hip external rotation by 12". Discussionlconclusions: This is a small sample, but it is the first study to analyse the results of surgery based on preand postoperative gait analysis. This study shows that correcting the hip deformity can lead to symmetrical gait and improvement in the gait parameters. As the incidence of recurrent dislocation is quite high in view of the persistent muscle imbalance, and the complications resulting from extensive hip surgery can be quite serious, we feel that the valgus rotational osteotomy of the proximal femur is safer and simpler and can lead to an improvement in function.


There are abundant special tourist geological scenic spots in Yunnan.Many of them are famous in the world.The correct discrimination and appreciation of tourist geological resources will provide the strong support for the development of tourist geological resources in Yunnan and the execution of tourist economic strategy of Yunnan with tourist superiority.In this paper,we have the appreciation of special tourist geological resources in Yunnan from the viewpoint of tourist geology,tourist landscape and tourist resources in order to widen the train of thought and field of vision in the tourist geological study.


As the fast development of power system and application of new electric equipment,harmonic problems are becoming more and more severe.The fundamental cause of harmonics is due to power supply to electric equipment with nonlinear impedance characters.The harm of harmonics is broad,mainly including: interfering normal operation of communication lines;increasing heat loss,reducing efficiency,causing insulation aging,and reducing life of electric equipment like motor and transformer;increasing grid reactive power,reducing power factor,or even damaging equipment by inducing series or parallel resonances.Harmonic suppression measures include:(1) increasing phase number of converter device,(2) using defensive passive filters and offensive active filters.


The Bujinhei region, situated in the southern reach of the Great Xing'an Range, has experienced multistage tectonic‐magmatic activities, which have led to the formation of different stages and types of magmatic rocks. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating was performed, and geochemical data were obtained for magmatic rocks samples from the Bujinhei area to analyse the times of magmatic rocks and their tectonic setting. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that Middle Permian (269.8 Ma) magmatic event formed two‐mica granite, and Middle Jurassic (158–170 Ma) magmatic events formed monzogranite, quartz monzonite‐porphyry and granite porphyry. Chemical analyses indicate that the Middle Permian two‐mica granite is S‐type granite, rich in SiO2, Al2O3 and K2O and low in Na2O, A/CNK > 1. Middle Jurassic monzogranite is a metaluminous I‐type granite, rich in SiO2, Al2O3 and K2O and low in Na2O and CaO. Quartz monzonite porphyry and granite porphyry are high in K2O and peraluminous and derived from a granitic liquid as a result of strong interaction with hydrothermal fluid during the late magmatic stage; they have high Zr saturation temperature and belong to A‐type granites. Geochemically, two‐mica granite formed in a compressional tectonic regime related to collision, whereas Middle Jurassic intrusive rocks have affinities with intrusive rocks from the extensional environment influenced by post‐collision. Therefore, the southern Great Xing'an Range has experienced the collisional orogenesis of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in the Middle Permian, whereas in the Middle Jurassic, the southern Great Xing'an Range turned into a post‐collision extensional setting influenced by the Mongol–Okhotsk tectonic regime. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Metal oxide nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation method using ammonia as the precipitating agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and FT-IR techniques. Catalytic activity studied under ultrasonic irradiation for the degradation of a model pollutant orange G dye in an aqueous medium. Experiments on the effects of aqueous phase pH, dye concentration, catalyst dosage and oxidant concentration on dye degradation were carried out. Degradation kinetics of dye molecules with catalysts assisted by power ultrasound has also been investigated. The sonocatalytic reaction followed pseudo first order kinetics with the rate constant 1.163 to 0.126 x 10-2 min-1 and R 2 value of 0.98. It was observed that the rate constants decreased with increasing concentration of dye molecules. The degradation of dye molecules were monitored by UV-Visible spectrophotometer and Chemical Oxygen demand analyses.


Stomach is considered the "gold standard" as an esophageal substitute after esophagectomy. Re-flux disease is considered an unavoidable consequence of esophageal resection followed gastric interposition. Reflux esophagitis shows a progression from inflammation to erosions and to the development of columnar lined metaplasia. With the use of a gastric interposition, the most popular option to reconstruct the esophagus resected for malignant or benign conditions creates an in vivo model of reflux disease. Gastric interposition is far from ideal as an esophageal substitute. Reflux esophagitis and new columnar lined metaplasia should be seen as a new complication of subtotal esophagectomy.


Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques are becoming more popular among athletes, since they provide (possibly only temporary) increases in joint range of movement compared with other methods. However, other effects – in particular the effects upon the proprioceptive system and its subsequent role in motor control – have not been recorded. The aim of this study was to establish if there are any significant changes in postural sway after the application of a lower limb PNF stretching session.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common rheumatic pathology. One of the major objectives of OA research is the development of early diagnostic strategies such as those using proteomic technology. Synovial fluid (SF) in OA patients is a potential source of biomarkers for OA. The efficient and reliable preparation of SF proteomes is a critical step towards biomarker discovery. In this study, we have optimized a pretreatment method for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) separation of the SF proteome, by enriching low-abundance proteins and simultaneously removing hyaluronic acid, albumin, and IgG. SF samples pretreated using this optimized method were then evaluated by 1DE and 2DE separation followed by immunodetection of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a known OA biomarker, and by the identification of 3 proteins (apolipoprotein, haptoglobin precursor, and fibrinogen D fragment) that are related to joint diseases.


We address the problem of verifying a retimed circuit. After retiming, some latches in a sequential circuit are repositioned to reduce the clock cycle time and thus the behavior of the combinational portion is changed. Here, we present a novel approach to check the correctness of a retimed circuit according to the definition of 3-valued equivalence. This approach is based on our verification framework using sequential ATPG techniques. We further incorporate an algorithm to pre-process the circuits and make the verification process even more efficient. We will present the experimental results of verifying the retimed circuits with hundreds of flip-flops on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits to show its capability.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the impact of the arrival of the motor car on streets, communities, life styles and health. It documents the environmental, economic and social sacrifices that societies have made, in order to accommodate car traffic; and suggests some of the early signs of the dynamics of resistance. Design/methodology/approach – In style this is an opinion piece, although based upon and backed by extensive research, some of it cited here. Historical and cultural changes are mapped out with ironic references also to architectural fashions, and contemporary film culture in the sub-headings. Findings – Prioritising pedestrians in urban areas and encouraging walking would have beneficial impacts in terms of public health and environmental quality and deliver economic savings. Originality/value – With increasing focus on public and preventive health, and concerns to develop, for example, more age- and/or "dementia-friendly" environments, the paper suggests that...


Water flow through quasi two-dimensional percolation model objects was studied with the aid of NMR velocity and acceleration mapping techniques. The model objects were fabricated based on computer generated templates of Ising-correlated percolation clusters of different growth/nucleation ratios for the occupation of the base lattice sites. The same pore networks were used for computational fluid dynamics simulations of hydrodynamic transport properties including hydrodynamic dispersion of tracer particles. The percolation threshold turned out to be lower than that in the uncorrelated case and adopts a minimum if cluster growth is about 100 times more likely than nucleation of the new clusters. The experimental and simulated flow velocity and acceleration maps coincide in great detail. The data have been analysed in terms of histograms and spatial autocorrelation functions. Furthermore, the travelling time of a tracer particle across percolation clusters was evaluated as a function of the Péclet number.


Uttarakhand attained the status of the 27th state of the Republic of India to secure its independent pursuit of growth and development. This article identifies the dimensions and defines some measures and parameters of inclusive growth for a state in a federation. It examines the growth profile and outcomes for Uttarakhand: It finds empirical evidence of a growth process which is inclusive with respect to the national mainstream. However, the socio-economic and regional profiles of development outcomes by rural and urban sectors do not show such a comforting scenario for the process within the state. The state has a long way to go in pursuit of an inclusive growth process within.


In this paper,we introduce the design of on screen display cell,which is used in the video post processing of HDTV receiver chip to realize adding screen display information(they will be program lists,program information,channel selection,etc)in monitored control system.And hardware design method of the on screen display is introduced in detail.[


Background: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between serum GGT and subclinical atheroscl...


Using the relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (RVUU) equation based on mean fields from the nonlinear relativistic models, we study the effect of medium modification of pion production threshold on the total pion yield and the $\pi^-/\pi^+$ ratio in Au+Au collisions. We find that the in-medium threshold effect enhances both the total pion yield and the $\pi^-/\pi^+$ ratio, compared to those without this effect. Furthermore, including the medium modification of the pion production threshold in asymmetric nuclear matter leads to a larger $\pi^-/\pi^+$ ratio for the $NL\rho\delta$ model with a stiffer symmetry energy than the $NL\rho$ model with a softer symmetry energy, opposite to that found without the in-medium threshold effect. Experimental data from the FOPI Collaboration are reproduced after including a density-dependent cross section for $\Delta$ baryon production from nucleon-nucleon collisions, which suppresses the total pion yield but hardly changes the $\pi^-/\pi^+$ ratio. The large errors in the experimentally measured $\pi^-/\pi^+$ ratio prevent, however, the distinction between the predictions from the $NL\rho$ and $NL\rho\delta$ models.


Discrimination between earthquakes and explosion is one of the main challenges in the field of seismology. In some cases, the explosions recorded as an earthquake or vice verse, which can contaminate the seismic catalog. Rapid discrimination is required to support the real-time seismic application. The discrimination algorithm is based on a wavelet filter bank to extract the discriminative features, and support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier. Therefore; we propose to optimize the hardware implementation of the discrimination algorithm on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). First, we implement the wavelet filter bank using optimized lifting scheme. Then, we utilize the linear classifier to implement the SVM classifier. Finally, we optimize the hardware resources of the discrimination algorithm to be utilized on low-cost FPGA called TE0711 board (Xilinx Artix7). The implemented design is utilized 1.2% and 39.8% of the FPGA's Look Up Table (LUT) and register resources, respectively.


The sixth chapter continues the analysis of our human valuing by treating a second key innovation: the formulation of values in words. Language belongs to the uniquely social character of human life. It is the community that "means" things when we speak and not individual selves, as we suppose. By this way that language "makes common," it falsifies: our concepts equate unequals and are also false to our individual drives and affects. Language thereby changes how we have values: as worded, we hold them in common as "norms." We accept them as "what one values" in our community. So they serve a "herding" function, which strengthens the group at the expense of members' individuality. Nietzsche's problem is how, given that his own words have "common" meanings, he can use them to express his individual thoughts. We will see the grounds but also the limits to his critique of our sociality.


Conclusion In the male rabbit, early fetal castration (before the 21st day) prevents the formation of male secondary sex characters such as the prostate. At a later stage (24 days) established primordia continue their development even after ablation of the testes; the resulting structures are usually subnormal. The effects induced by testicular secretions are sometimes regionally restricted. Earlier observations on the differentiation and persistence of female genital ducts after early orchidectomy are confirmed and extended.


In economics market boundary is explained as a geographic territory that products and service can be most effectively sold out. Along with the development of economic globalization and container transport technology, transnational Shipping corporations generally take the layout of Hub-and-Spoke, so as to bring "extend-to-ocean" hinterland for hub ports, lead to largely expansion of market boundary of hub port. At present, the China factors in The Far East port market are becoming increasingly obvious. Every hub port in The Far East enlarge their sea hinterland towards China mainland; meanwhile, China mainland hub ports are developing rapidly and becoming mature increasingly, resulting in the hub port in the Far East market boundary expansion becomes stronger and caused crossed competition among them. China will eventually form a more stable branch and main shipping lines system, then The Far East hub ports' market boundary will be gradual stable.


The "International Winter Conferences on Neurodegeneration" have become an established forum to discuss various aspects of basic and clinical topics related to the underlying mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. This volume focuses on Brain Imaging, Endogenous and Exogenous Neurotoxins, Programmed Cell Death, Apoptosis and Necrosis, and Immunoinflammatory Mechanisms, Infective Diseases Causing Neurological Disorders. These topics have been reviewed by invited experts and the articles give an up-to-date reflection of the state of the art in these research fields.


Objective To evaluate the posterior approach to lumbar vertebral disc herniation by microendoscopic discectomy. Methods Thirty-six patients with lumbar disc herniation were posterior approached with microendoscopic discectomy from January, 2002 through December, 2006 and the outcomes were evaluated according to the NaKai standards. Results All the patients were successfully completed the surgical procedure. The complications included 1 cerebrospinal fluid leak and 1 nerve root injury. Neither infection nor major vascular injury and other complications occurred. Followed-up from 12 to 36 months, average 24 months, demonstrated that the functional recovery excellent rate was 91.67%. Conclusions Posterior approach microendoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation have the advantages of minimal invasive surgical procedures, quicker recovery, definite effectiveness, and fewer complications, which is valid in treatment of lumbar disc herniation. The predominant factors for successful operation are skilled surgical technique and indication. Posterior approach microendoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation is worthy to be recommended clinically.


The levels of soluble CD30 in 79 patients with atopic Elevated plasma levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30) have been found in patients with AD but not in those with dermatitis were compared with those found in 54 patients with psoriasis and 36 control individuals (no psoriasis, no psoriasis (5). The 120 kD protein CD30 (Ki-1) is a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family atopic dermatitis). In relation to the control group, patients with atopic dermatitis were found to exhibit an and is mainly expressed by Th0 and Th2 T-helper cell clones (6). SpeciŽ c activation of CD30 positive cells increased concentration of sCD30 of at least 1.5-fold (p <0.001). In addition, sCD30 concentrations were shown leads to stimulation of endoproteolytic cleavage of membrane-anchored CD30 and thus enhanced release of the to correlate with the severity of the disease as measured by the score index for atopic dermatitis and diVerent soluble ectodomain of CD30 (7–9). The score index for atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) stages of disease activity, such as acute, subacute, or chronic forms, and localized or generalized distribution of (10) is frequently used as an outcome measure in studies of AD, but it is prone to observer bias and does not atopic dermatitis. The application of topical glucocorticoid therapy for a period of 2 weeks resulted in a decrease in suYciently take into account the activity of the disease. Since the acute and chronic stages may well re ect the level of sCD30 by 46% in 8 patients, especially in the acute, generalized form of atopic dermatitis. Psoriasis diVerent aspects of the in ammatory process of AD, we sought to investigate whether sCD30 might be a useful patients showed no signiŽ cant diVerences in sCD30 levels in relation to the control group. This study demonstrates marker in these diVerent stages. a correlation between sCD30 concentration and the activity of the disease and therefore suggests sCD30 as a MATERIAL AND METHODS prognostic marker, being superior to predictions from measurements of IgE or eosinophil cationic protein. Key Patients words: atopic eczema; CD30; Th2 phenotype; SCORAD. A total of 169 subjects were investigated. The 79 patients with (Accepted April 8, 2002.) AD had a median age of 30 years and a female:male ratio of 56:23 (71% vs 29%) (Table I ). Acta Derm Venereol 2002; 82: 245–248. The diagnosis of AD was established according to the criteria of HaniŽ n & Rajka (1). The severity of atopic Regina Fölster-Holst, Department of Dermatology, dermatitis in patients was determined by SCORAD (10). This Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 7, DE-24105 Kiel, Germany. E-mail: rfoelsterholst@ Table I. Characteristics of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), dermatology.uni-kiel.de psoriasis and healthy controls. Median values are shown with 95% conŽ dence intervals in parentheses


Aim: To characterize consumption of alcohol by adolescents, to study the association of alcohol consumption with gender and
 age and to determine the main reasons for consumption of alcohol by adolescents.
 Type of study: Cross-sectional.
 Location: High schools of the district of Braganca, Portugal.
 Population: Teenagers aged 13 to 19 years old.
 Methods: In the sample, 51.6% of the subjects were females, 18.5% were 13-14 years old, 59.9% were 15-17 years old and
 21.7% were 18-19 years old. The required sample size was 955 based on expected proportion of alcohol consumption of 45%
 with a 3% level of precision. Variables studied included gender, age, alcohol consumption and reasons for consumption. Data
 were collected using a validated questionnaire (AAIS) with scores ranging from 0-79. Associations between variables were tested
 using the with chi-square statistic with significance set at the 0.05 level.
 Results: The authors obtained 1061 questionnaires.In the sample, 96.4% had consumed alcohol in the previous year; 69.5% of
 the subjects consumed alcohol at least monthly. 226 subjects drank every weekend and 21 drank daily; 27.7% practiced binge
 drinking. A risky pattern of alcohol consumption occurred in 68.3% of the adolescents. Consumption was higher among boys
 (p=0,032) and increased with age. "Coping with peer pressure" and "taste" were given as the main reasons for drinking, independent
 of gender or age.
 Conclusions: The proportion of adolescents consuming alcohol in this study was high compared to other published figures. This
 was higher among males and older studernts. The social environment is a strong determinant of drinking. In light of these results,
 an intervention strategy appears necessary in this population.


The invention relates to an actuator (1), comprising: piezoelectric elements (16) arranged in a stack; first and second inner electrodes (5, 3), which are alternately arranged between the piezoelectric elements (16); a first outer electrode (4), which is connected to the first inner electrodes (5) in an electrically conductive manner; a second outer electrode (2), which is connected to the second inner electrodes (3) in an electrically conductive manner. The actuator (1) is characterized in that the actuator (1) comprises a plurality of actuator sections (81, 82, 83, 84, 85), and the second outer electrode (2) comprises separate electrode segments (21, 22, 23), which are each connected in an electrically conductive manner to the second inner electrodes (3) in one of the actuator sections (81, 82, 83, 84, 85) or in a group of the actuator sections (81, 82, 83, 84, 85).


Single server queues with general interarrival and service times are approximated by queues with two-point (Bernoulli) interarrival times and exponential service times. The parameters are chosen such that the first four moments of the difference of the service times and interarrival times in the approximating system equal those of the original system. The aptness of the approximation is discussed and some examples are presented comparing the exact and approximate waiting time distributions. A more complicated approximation is presented using the dual system (exponential arrivals, Bernoulli service) for those cases where the original approximation cannot be used.


We analyzed gas samples collected from fumaroles and bubbling pools at Irruputuncu, Putana, Olca and Alitar volcanoes located in the central Andes volcanic zone (northern Chile). The Irruputuncu and Putana fumarolic discharges showed outlet temperatures ranging from 83 ˚C to 240 ˚C and from 82 ˚C to 88 ˚C, respectively. The chemical and isotopic ( 3 He/ 4 He, d 13 C-CO 2 , d 18 O-H 2 O and dD-H 2 O) compositions of these discharges were similar to medium-to-high temperature volcanic gases from other active volcanoes in this sector of the Andean volcanic chain (e.g. Lascar volcano). Inorganic and organic gas geothermometers for the H 2 O-CO 2 -CO-H 2 , CO 2 -CH 4 and C 2 -C 3 alkenes-alkanes systems indicated equilibrium temperatures that exceed 500 ˚C at the gas sources. These relatively high temperatures are in agreement with the presence of relevantly high concentrations of magmatic gas emissions, including SO 2 . Olca and Alitar volcano fluid chemistries indicated lower amounts of magmatic-derived gas species, while both the helium and the water isotopic compositions suggested significant fractions of shallow, crustal/meteoric-originated fluids. These indicate contributions from a hydrothermal environment with temperatures <400 ˚C. The geochemical and isotopic features derived from the present study show that the Irruputuncu, Putana, Olca and Alitar volcanoes should be considered as active and thus warrant periodic geochemical monitoring to determine the evolution of these systems and their potential hazards.


Cross sections for v=0→1, 2, 3 excitation in I2+He collisions have been measured over the kinetic energy range from threshold to 0.4 eV by means of a new experimental technique in which pulsed molecular beams are crossed at a variable intersection angle and scattered products are state selectively detected by laser induced fluorescence. The values of the measured cross sections range from about 0.2 A2 for v=1 at 0.4 eV to about 10−5 A2 for v=3 at the low‐energy detection limit. The kinetic energy dependences of the cross sections for exciting v=1, 2, and 3 are approximately linear, quadratic, and cubic, respectively. The experimental cross sections are compared with those predicted by a simple classical model and by the detailed quantum calculations reported by Schwenke and Truhlar in the accompanying article. It appears that vibrational excitation in this system comes primarily from nearly impulsive collisions with the steeply repulsive part of the interaction potential in approximately collinear geometr...


Endoscopes have rapidly become widely accepted in the performance of ear surgery. Current chapter describes surgical technique and benefits and limitations for endoscopic eradication of cholesteatoma, endoscopic tympanoplasty, endoscopic stapedotomy and endoscopic cochlear implantation. Minimally invasive endoscopic and endoscope-assisted surgical techniques are increasingly being employed in the surgical management of cholesteatoma. Endo‐ scopic surgeries distinctly reduced residual cholesteatomas and the indications of later tympanotomy thanks to the good visualization of residual cholesteatoma sites, such as the anterior and posterior epitympanic spaces, sinus tympani, facial recess, and hypotympanum. Minimally invasive transcanal endoscopic approach can be applied as for primary cholesteatomas as well as for revision of CWU cases, when residual/recurrent cholesteatoma is confined to the middle ear, and in CWD or radical cavities, when residual/recurrent disease is hidden in the supratubal recess, sinus tympani or under pseudo-membrane in the large mastoid cavities. The use of endoscopes in myringoplasty is especially helpful in patients with narrow external canals, anterior defects and bone overhang, when perforation's margins are barely, if at all, visible under a microscope. The transcanal endoscopic stapedotomy can be beneficial in improving the visibility and accessibility of the stapes and the oval window niche, avoiding manipulation of the chorda tympani nerve and blind fracture of the stapedial crurae. An cochlear implantation involves entering the middle ear by means of endoscopic transcanal tympanotomy and insertion of the electrode array into the scala tympani via the round window under direct endoscopic control. The main benefits of the endoscopic transcanal approach to cochlear and accessibility of the round window membrane, obviating the need to divide the chorda tympani nerve in order to obtain adequate exposure of the middle ear structures, and eliminating the risk of the facial nerve injury since it is not in the direction of drilling.


Objective To investigate the effects of hepcidin on differentiation of mouse RAW264.7 monocytes into osteoclasts.Methods RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of hepcidin in the presence of receptor activator of NF-Kb ligand(RANKL).Cell viability,the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)-positive cells,levels of TRAP,cathepsin K(CTK),and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) mRNA,and levels of TRAP-5b protein in the supernatant were examined.The intracellular iron ion was measured by a confocal laser scanning microscope.Results Hepcidin at 0-800 nmol/l could significantly increase the number of TRAP-positive MNCs,and upregulate gene expression of TRAP,CTK,and MMP-9,and increase the concentration of TRAP-5b in the supernatant,and increase concentrations of intracellular iron of RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells(P0.05).Conclusion Hepcidin can significantly facilitate RANKL-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 into osteoclasts in vitro.The mechanism behind accelerated differentiation involves increased levels of intracellular iron.


Online N - 1 or higher order contingencies presented at the control center console are enforced to ensure that the system can withstand a sudden disturbance under abnormal operating conditions. As the communication has evolved toward IP-based platform that further integrates with the physical facilities of substation protection, a potential cyberattack upon certain protection schemes can weaken the system operating conditions. Bus differential relays are one of the protection schemes that can de-energize and isolate partial/entire substation from the system due to the large number of components connected to it. The reverse pyramid model (RPM) is proposed in this work to systematically enumerate the combinations of hypothesized electrical disconnection protected by busbar differential relays in a substation. Two metrics are introduced: (1) bottleneck combination list and (2) risk index for individual busbars. These indices are provided to help dispatchers in the control centers with systems security readiness and decision making.


A measurement system has been developed, which allows the direct determination of the noise temperature of a mismatched one-port network without the use of passive nonreciprocal components. Furthermore this radiometer has been extended to measure "cold" noise temperatures without any cooling of the radiometer components used. As an example of application, the radiometer is applied to noise temperature measurements of semiconductor devices. A brief outline of the measurement system is given and practical measurement results are compared with theoretical predictions.


The present invention discloses a novel crystalline form of β- diketone rare earth complex luminescent materials. Form new rare earth complex luminescent material of the present invention, the reaction of nitric acid and BTA europium and DFA prepared by ligand having a formula Eu (BTA) 3 (DFA), wherein BTA benzoyl trifluoroacetone, 4,5-diaza-fluorene DFA. This method of preparing the luminescent material is europium nitrate, BTA, the DFA 1:3:1 stoichiometric reaction in a mixed solution of acetonitrile and water, adding an appropriate amount of sodium hydroxide deprotonated BTA, and then deionized water was added, the product precipitated the reaction was continued for some time in the mother liquor. Filtering, washing, drying step to obtain the desired product. Good solubility of the complex, high luminous efficiency, thermal stability or, may be applied to the red photoluminescent or electroluminescent art.


Many theories have been developed for predicting the vertical profiles of suspended sediment concentration in sediment-laden flows. An overview of various recent investigations is given herein. The generalization of the existing formulas and the interpretation of the typical sediment distributions are discussed in terms of continuum and kinetic concepts. The continuum assumption, which has been proved very successful for descriptions of liquid fluid motion, seems insufficient to describe motions of discrete solid particles in two-phase flows. Stochastic models can be used to approach the motion of the individual particles in the fluid, but are unsuitable for simulating interactions between solid particles. The analogy of kinetic theory in sediment-laden flows offers a promising alternative approach, and is expected for the applications in hyper-concentrated flow studies.


The structure of energy consumption has resulted in the serious sulfur dioxide in China,the flue gas desulphurization technology and industry are confronting with significant development opportunity. The paper reviews domestic law and regulation on the sulfur dioxide control,and research status on the flue gas desulphurization technology.Then the application status was analyzed of the flue gas desulphurization technology in China,including imported and self-owned intellectual property technologies. The paper finally discusses the existential problem in the application of the flue gas desulphurization technology,and gives some suggestion at the same time.


Flowering of species with apicultural importance in the northwest of Chubut (Argentina). With the aim of providing information about the availability of resources used by Apis mellifera L., the flowering phenology of 110 species of apicultural importance was recorded in the northwest of Chubut during 2003, 2004 and 2005. The plants studied were selected by taking into account previous melissopalynological researches, as well as observations of the activity carried out by Apis mellifera on these plants. The registered phenophases were: a) beginning of flowering b) full flowering c) end of flowering and beginning of fructification. In all these cases the frequency of visits of Apis mellifera was recorded. From the total of species recorded, 48 are native plants, 56 are naturalized plants and 6 are cultivated. All the flowerings observed correspond to a period that extends from the beginning of September to April. The major flowering offer was recorded in December and in the first fortnight of January, when the highest number of species was in full flowering. The families mostly used by Apis mellifera were: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Rhamnaceae y Brassicaceae. The native plants mostly visited were: Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz, Buddleja globosa Hope, Colletia hystrix Closs., Discaria trinervis (Gillies) Reiche, Discaria articulata (Phil.) Miers, Discaria chacaye D. Don (Tortosa), Escallonia virgata (Ruiz et Pav.) Person, Embothrium coccineum Forster & Forster f., Lomatia hirsuta (Lam.) Diels, Luma apiculata (DC) Burret, Myrceugenia exsucca (DC) O. Berg., Phacelia secunda J. F. Gmel, Ribes magellanicum Poiret and Schinus patagonica (Phil) I. M. Johnst.


It was well known that metal oxide nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial properties. But, free radical scavenging property of the silver and alumina particles may cause lowered antimicrobial activity and as a result even at higher concentration, the particles exhibit mild toxicity toward micro organisms (Sadiq, Mohammed I et al 2009). The mechanism of inducing the oxidative stress makes the propensity for the nanoparticles to cross the cell barriers, enter the cells and interact with the sub cellular structures (Gunter Oberdorster 2007).


An increased condemnation rate due to CRD (chronic respiratory disease) is documented by means of condemnation lists collected in collaboration with directions and veterinarians at 6 poultry slaughterhouses. The geographic distribution of the 41 affected farms appears from Fig 1. The first outbreaks occurred around the turn of the year 1975/1976 and reached its climax in the 12th period (Table I). The increase in percent CRD of slaughtered chickens culminated in week 23/1976 amounting 0.64% (Fig 2). The increased total condemnation rate closely corresponds to an increase in CRD (Fig 3). These facts are intimately connected with the high number af consultations about respiratory diseases. Although not provable it seems possible and not unlikely that the broiler production has been exposed -- to increased directly or indirectly -- risk of infection from a raised number of IB vaccinated egg producing flocks.


The Lea Park-Belly River transition in central Alberta comprises a downlapping wedge of coastal sediments. The transition is characterized by numerous stacked shoreface successions that young in an eastward direction. They are very sharply based such that the transition between the mid/lower shoreface and the shelf sediments is either absent or very thin. The shoreface successions are laterally equivalent to incised fluvio-deltaic sediments and are interpreted to indicate forced regressions, where a relative drop in sea level causes the shoreline to move rapidly basinward. The most likely cause of these regressions is a change of subsidence rate due to active loading in the Cordillera acting in concert with a third-order relative drop in sea level. Subsidence due to tectonic loading would allow for the aggradation of coastal sediments. During periods of lesser subsidence or greater sea level drop, distributions would incise and the position of the shoreline would move rapidly basinward, resulting in the subsequent sharp-based shoreface succession. This may indicate that in foreland basins, where subsidence acts to cancel relative drops in sea level, sequence boundaries due to third-order drops in sea level may be replaced by a stacked wedge of sharply based coastal successions.


The land plays a significant role in world life to continue its journey and fulfill living things' needs. However, there is a noticeable increasing trend in farmland abandonment, directly affecting farmers' livelihood and food security (Paudel et al. 2020). Remote sensing analysis reported that all the districts and subdistricts in Karawang Regency have abandoned land with varying numbers and more distributed more intensely in the hub of the region. The study has discovered that the total number of farmland abandonment is 28 times of the Central Beauaru Statistics has claimed. 75% producer accuracy, terminology, minimum unit data collected, land ownership, and the ability of remote sensing to read all earth reflectan are the possible answer to the disparity. Machine learning informed that the top three essential variables are the irrigation service, the hillside, and the spatial plan that drives farmland abandonment. Thus, developing a new irrigation service to access the remote farmland and reviewing the spatial that have more flavor to the agriculture are the scenario proposed by this study, while the hillside remains a constraint.


Object detection on very-high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing imagery has attracted a lot of attention in the field of image automatic interpretation. Region-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been vastly promoted in this domain, which first generate candidate regions and then accurately classify and locate the objects existing in these regions. However, the overlarge images, the complex image backgrounds and the uneven size and quantity distribution of training samples make the detection tasks more challenging, especially for small and dense objects. To solve these problems, an effective region-based VHR remote sensing imagery object detection framework named Double Multi-scale Feature Pyramid Network (DM-FPN) was proposed in this paper, which utilizes inherent multi-scale pyramidal features and combines the strong-semantic, low-resolution features and the weak-semantic, high-resolution features simultaneously. DM-FPN consists of a multi-scale region proposal network and a multi-scale object detection network, these two modules share convolutional layers and can be trained end-to-end. We proposed several multi-scale training strategies to increase the diversity of training data and overcome the size restrictions of the input images. We also proposed multi-scale inference and adaptive categorical non-maximum suppression (ACNMS) strategies to promote detection performance, especially for small and dense objects. Extensive experiments and comprehensive evaluations on large-scale DOTA dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, which achieves mean average precision (mAP) value of 0.7927 on validation dataset and the best mAP value of 0.793 on testing dataset.


Abstract How do the distinctive managerial challenges of hybrid organizations appear in practice? Which skills can be taught to respond to those challenges? These important questions are investigated based on, first, an in-depth study of social incubators/accelerators and social ventures (SVs). Second, building upon the 'paradoxical leadership model for social entrepreneurs', the study associates the specific challenges in practice with the model's specific skills. This study has value not only for the social entrepreneurship (SE) literature but also for SE educators, social incubators/accelerators and social entrepreneurs who are all engaged in the capacity building of SVs.


In this paper we describe the eigen-function expansion for the boundary value problems of electromagnetic theory of cylindrical grating. It is easy to solve them by means of the interaction computing method.


Aim. To study the effect of microbial proteases on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and oxidative stress indicators in wound tissue of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods. Skin burns were induced in the animals without somatic pathology and with the background diabetes mellitus. DM was reproduced by a single injection of streptozotocin, 50 mg/kg. The multi-enzyme proteolytic composition Pronase (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), obtained from the culture fluid of Streptomiceus griseus , was applied to the wound. The content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) were measured on a spectrophotometer. The collagenolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of skin tissues was determined by enzyme-phoresis (gelatin zymography). Results. At the physiological wound healing, an application of the composition increased the activity of total MMPs in homogenate on days 3–14 of the healing process, which enhanced the formation of free radicals and the activity of antioxidant system to compensate tissue damage. Thus, the CAT, GSH and SOD levels were elevated on days 7, 14 and 21, respectively. In case of DM, an application of the composition enhanced the activity of MMPs on days 14–21, which improved the proteolytic degradation of extracel lular matrix proteins in the state of excessive glycation and did not worsen oxidative homeostasis state in the wound. Conclusion. The use of exogenous proteases is appropriate to enhance proteolysis in tissues with predominance of glycated proteins in case of chronic hyperglycemia to ensure controlled proteolysis.


We study the existence of solutions of the non-linear differential equations on the compact Riemannian manifolds $(M^n,g), n\geq 2$, \Delta_p u + a(x)u^{p-1} = \lambda f(u,x), (E2) where $\Delta_p$ is the $p-$laplacian, with $1<p<n$. The equation (E2) generalizes a equation considered by Aubin, where he has considered, a compact Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$, the differential equation ($p=2$) \Delta u + a(x)u = \lambda f(u,x), (E1) where $a(x)$ is a $C^{\infty}$ function defined on $M$ and $f(u,x)$ is a $C^{\infty}$ function defined on $\mathbb{R}\times M$. We show that the equation (E2) has solution $(\lambda,u)$, where $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$, $u \geq 0$, $u \not\equiv 0$ is a function $C^{1,\alpha}$, $0 < \alpha < 1$, if $f \in C^{\infty}$ satisfies some growth and parity conditions.


Abstract This contribution is concerned with the observability and accessibility analysis of implicit discrete-time dynamic systems. The presented approach is motivated by a geometric representation of discrete-time systems and the crucial observation that the Lie group investigations known for implicit continuous-time dynamic systems is also appropriate in the discrete-time scenario. The obtained formal method to state conditions for local observability and accessibility allows can be done by computer algebra. Furthermore, a nonlinear discrete-time controller design is discussed by considering the class of input-to-state linearizable continuous-time control systems. This approach is based on the calculation of a control sequence such that the system trajectories considered at equidistant time steps coincide with those of a linear discrete-time one.


Based on the explanation of the concept of water resources carrying capacity,it is presented that the research of water resources carrying capacity for river basins,regions,and cities has been developed from local area to ecological and economic system,and finally to the complex system of the whole society,economy and environment.Study methods in China were summarized,including the simple and visualized routine tendency method,the qualitative and quantitative multi-objective decision method,which can be used to analyze the society,economy,population and environment systematically.It is presented that the water resources carrying capacity in future would be studied using more modern techniques and methods,focusing on special regions and combining multidisciplinary methods.The study would be developed both locally and extensively.


. A comparative diagnostic study was conducted on goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), with a cutaneous ulcerative disease from five locations in the United States and one each in England and Japan. Fish were examined for parasites, viruses and bacteria. Fish from all locations examine d were infested by ectoparasites; no single parasite species was common to all locations. No virus-associated cytopathology was observed in fathead minnow (FHM) or adult goldfish (CAR) monolayer cell cultures inoculated with homogenates of cutaneous lesions, kidneys and livers from diseased fish. The only bacterium cultured from fish from all locations was an atypical, often late-pigmenting strain of Aeromonas salmonicida. This organism was isolated from 64 of 83 (77%) of the total lesions cultured and was most prevalent in early lesions. A second commonly isolated organism was Aeromonas hydrophila, which was cultured from fish at four of the seven locations and from 28 (34%) of the total lesions cultured. A. hydrophila was most prevalent in terminal lesions. From these studies it was concluded that A. salmonicida was the probable cause of ulcers noted In the cases examined an d that A. hydrophila was a secondary invader.


Systematically assessing the performance of evaluation professionals allows evaluators to "walk the talk." Using this client‐based evaluation method can be a valuable process for informing practice.


The action of actual population management and information of community is important content for Shanghai's Construction of smart city.And it's also an important content to establish mechanism for informatization practice.This article put forward three-level linkage mechanism and several actual population management practices in community by analysis.It has some referential significance for informatization practice in community and promoting smart city building under the current environment.


This study proposes the "Smart Learning" as a next generation for e-Learning, and focuses on developing policy for smart learning industry. Especially, this study's purpose is proposing a political agenda for smart learning industry as a knowledge-based industry. This study process for the realization of this purpose is belows: first, analyzing status of industry and policy in decades, second, finding problems and solutions, and finally, proposing the core subjects focused on practical value. And this study also focuses on the development of new policy suitable characteristics of the smart learning.


This article briefly discusses the history of the theory of social contract and its contents and also analyses the development of the theory of social contract of Thomas Hobbes John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a large-area functional graphene thin film with controllable conductivity on the basis of a roll-to-roll printing technology. The uniform large-area graphene thin film with a controllable thickness and controllable conductivity is prepared on a flexible substrate in a roll-to-roll printing manner by regulating and controlling graphene ink performance and printing technology parameters; the thickness can be regulated and controlled between 10nm and 10microns; and square resistance can be regulated and controlled between 10ohm/sq and 3,000ohm/sq. The roll-to-roll printing preparation method of the graphene thin film is fast and efficient; the technology is simple; the repeatability is good; the cost is low; and the roll-to-roll printing preparation method has a wide application prospect.


As a brief lexical analysis shows us, Descartes elaborated two concepts of reality (realitas, realite). His first concept of reality, mainly thematised in Meditation V, is rather traditionnal: real...


Introduction: As a new agent of enhancing oil recovery, the dispersed particle gel (DPG) has been gradually used for in-depth profile control in mature oilfields. Many researchers investigated the preparation, profile control mechanism and application of DPG based on a series of laboratory experiments. However, few numerical studies have been carried out on profile control mechanism of DPG. Methods: This paper proposes a novel mathematical model to proceed numerical simulation of profile control for DPG, considering DPG particles adsorption and weak shear thinning effects. The numerical codes are verified by the UTCHEM simulator. Results and discussion: The effects of the DPG viscosity, the DPG concentration, the water saturation of high permeable regions and the permeability ratio between high and low permeable regions on decreasing the water-cut of producing well are studied. Simultaneously, this paper also investigates the influence of different mobility ratios between high and low permeable regions on water shutoff of DPG. The numerical simulation results show that the effects of DPG profile control become better as the DPG solution viscosity, the suspension concentration and the permeability ratio increase. But the increased water saturation of high permeable regions is not helpful to improve oil recovery. Water plugging effect of DPG becomes worse with increasing mobility ratio between different regions. According to comparison results between DPG profile control and polymer flooding, it is found that DPG profile control is more suitable for heterogeneous reservoirs. These findings are of benefit to guide the efficient field application of DPG profile control in heterogeneous reservoirs.


Raman spectra of the tetrathiocyanato complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) were measured in aqueous solution. Polarized Raman lines appear for SCN− at 747 and 2068 cm−1, for Zn(NCS)42− at 153, 817, and 2110 cm−1, for Cd(CNS)42− at ∼747 and 2098 cm−1, and for Hg(SCN)42− at 236, 717, and 2114 cm−1. The shift of the C–S frequency on complex formation is consistent with the binding of NCS− to Zn(II) through the N, to Hg(II) through the S, and to Cd(II) with some NCS− turned each way. Support for the proposed ambidentate binding to Cd(II) is given by the appearance in solutions having lower SCN− to Cd(II) ratios of lines characteristic of lower complexes showing separate frequencies characteristic of both S‐bound and N‐bound NCS−. Intensities of the various Raman lines were analyzed to give bond derived polarizabilities, which further support the different types of binding. Bonding of N to Zn causes a lowering of the C–N bond derived polarizability and an increase in that of the C–S. Strong sulfur binding b...


Abstract A double-sided photonic crystal fiber (PCF) temperature and refractive index (RI) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is reported to simultaneously measure temperature and RI. An arc groove covered with gold is filled with chloroform for temperature detection. The D-shaped plane coated with silver is in direct contact with the analyte to provide the RI. Two independent channels distinguish temperature and RI changes, thus completely solving the cross-sensitivity problem. The sensing characteristics of the plane coating, arc coating, and inner ring coating are discussed. The influence of gold film closure on the optimum RI measurement range was identified, and the best sensing structure of chloroform as a temperature-sensitive material is obtained. The sensing characteristics of different types of metal films are investigated. It is concluded that the band separation may be achieved by plating gold film and silver film in the arc groove and D-plane, respectively. The influence of the central angle of the arc groove on the sensor characteristics was investigated. High-order resonance may be avoided at a 180° center angle. The influence of the thickness of the metal film on the sensitivity of the sensor is studied numerically, and the optimal coating thickness is 50 nm. This work simplifies the selection of the RI range of sensing materials and provides a new approach to solve the high-order resonance and band interference in SPR multi-parameter sensors.


(p. x) this book is not as accessible to the nonspecialist as Lightfoot (1982). Those who feel they possess degree-0 knowledge of current syntactic theory will find the book difficult to follow. Furthermore, the book is much more about resetting parameters historically than it is about resetting them in language acquisition (this is, of course, intentional); there is a lot of historical data and detailed syntactic analysis of these data. However, those with a background in linguistic theory and learnability theory will find that Lightfoot offers an unusual perspective on language acquisition. Anyone concerned with how first language (LI) learnability theories relate to second language (L2) acquisition should read this book. For some of us, after all, SLA involves resetting parameters of UG (White, 1989) and anything that adds to our understanding of the nature of the triggering input (in the LI or the L2) is to be welcomed.


Let <italic>Q<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic> be the random number of comparisons made by quicksort in sorting <italic>n</italic> distinct keys, when we assume that all <italic>n</italic>! possible orderings are equally likely. Known results concerning moments for <italic>Q<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic> do not show how rare it is for <italic>Q<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic> to make large deviations from its mean. Here we give a good approximation to the probability of such a large deviation, and find that this probability is quite small. As well as the basic quicksort we consider the variant in which the partitioning key is chosen as the median of (2<italic>t</italic>+1) keys.


This paper studies how collaborative governance might take place in synergy with the routines and practices of "normal" policy making. We investigated if and how discursive and extra-discursive boundaries from bureaucratic and organizational silos were crossed in boundary concepts, objects and people. Moreover, we studied the limits to this type of collaboration in a case of collaborative governance on the youth domain" – youth welfare and youth care – in the Dutch city of Amsterdam. In this case, participants were confronted with restrictions to their innovative ways of cooperating. The paper addresses the limits and dilemmas that organizers and participants in collaborative governance ran into when faced with the routines and practices of "normal" policy making. Moreover, we seek possible solutions to these dilemma's and to the boundaries to collaborative governance both from a theoretical point of view and from the practices of the participants in collaborative governance.


Morphine concentrations in the recirculating plasma of a perfused rat liver preparation declined in a monoexponential manner with a half–life of 5.3 ± 0.4 min. The mean hepatic clearance was calculated to 13.1 ± 1.0 ml–min.–1, and using an average blood flow of 17.3 ml min.–1 this corresponds to an extraction ratio of 0.76 ± 0.02. In experiments with steady state concentration of morphine almost identical results were obtained. Measurements of different morphine concentrations in the in– and outflow of plasma of the liver yielded a mean clearance of 13.3 ± 0.7 ml–min.–1 and a mean extraction ratio of 0.77 ± 0.03, indicating a constant clearance at different concentrations. The clearance of morphine in the perfused liver experiments was in close agreement with an in vivo calculated hepatic clearance of 75 % of the total body clearance. It is concluded that the blood flow to the liver can be an important factor in determining availability of orally administered morphine, and that the high hepatic extraction of this drug can explain the low effectiveness of this mode of administration.


Summary. Using visual and auditory memory sequencing tests with 140 children aged 8–10, this study aimed to investigate the commonly held assumption that visual and auditory memory are important component functions in children's spelling. From this sample three sub-groups were derived. The first (18 children) consisted of those whose scores were higher on the visual memory than on the auditory memory test by 1 sd or more. The second (22) were those whose scores differed by 1 sd or more in the reverse direction, whilst the third group (21) had test scores which differed by less than ·16 sd. The three sub-groups were then given the Schonell Spelling Test of Irregular Words IA and an English Picture Vocabulary Test. No significant differences were found in the groups' mean spelling scores, but there were differences in the proportions of certain error types. The implications of these findings for the role of visual and auditory memory in spelling achievement are discussed.


This paper highlights the need for IAPT to expand its service and work with people with an acquired brain injury who suffer with anxiety and depression. Recommendations for reducing barriers and promoting equal access for all are considered


This article presents a 28-W class-D amplifier for automotive applications. The combination of a high switching frequency and a hybrid multibit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma \text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-PWM scheme results in high linearity over a wide range of output power, as well as low AM-band EMI. As a result, only a small (150-kHz cutoff frequency), and thus low-cost, <italic>LC</italic> filter is needed to meet the CISPR-25 EMI average limit (150 kHz–30 MHz) with 10-dB margin. At 28-W output power, the proposed amplifier achieves 91% efficiency while driving a 4-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load from a 14.4-V supply. It attains a peak THD+N of 0.00077% (−102.2 dB) for a 1-kHz input signal.


The judge commissioner has a supervisory function at the initial examination stage which includes arrest; search; confiscation and examination of documents has been carried out legally or not. Judge Commissioner is to better protect human rights guarantees in the criminal process and avoid traffic jams by the arising of discrepancies between investigating officers from different agencies. The existence of a commissioner judge in the Indonesian criminal justice system which has very broad authority can make it difficult / hinder the operation of the criminal justice system. So that the existence of pretrial institutions is considered to be able to accommodate the protection of human rights of suspects in criminal offenses, as mandated by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).


A water F-C nano paint is prepared from aqueous vinyl F-C emulsion as filming liquid, nano material as modifier, pigment, filler, assistant and water. Its advantages are smooth surface, high weatherability, self-cleaning power, chemical resistance and durability, and low cost.


1. It has been shown that the lines dp 1, dp 2, vg 4 and vg 6 of Thoday & Boam (1961) each have two high sternopleural chaeta number genes or 'effective factors' between h and eyg in chromosome III. Their line dp 6 does not contain these two genes. 2. Lines derived from ancestors of dp 2 and vg 4 before the latter produced their accelerated responses have third chromosomes affecting chaeta number as if they had only one or other of these genes. 3. Of the three stocks from which all the lines derived, one, Inbred Oregon, lacks these genes. The second, vg/vg , has third chromosomes similar in effect to Oregon. The third, dp/dp , was heterogeneous, having a class of third chromosomes similar in effect to those of Oregon and a class similar to those having one high gene. 4. It is suggested that the history of the accelerated response in dp 1, dp 2 and vg 4 was as follows. Initially most of these third chromosomes were − − at the two loci, but a minority (derived from the dp/dp stock) were + − and − + (where + indicates the allele increasing chaeta number. Selection would reduce the frequency of − −, and hence increase the proportion of + −/− + heterozygotes and the probability of recombination to produce + +. Origin and multiplication of + + would account for the accelerated response.


Summary form only given.Passive Q-switching has shown to be a compact and efficient expedient to generate high-peak-power laser pulses. We use a novel reentrant 2-mirror ring cavity for the passive Q-switching system. The ring cavity effectively reduces the spontaneous noise influence upon the saturable absorber. Especially, under uni-directional operation the timing jitter is largely reduced to 3%.


Laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has rapidly established itself as the method of choice for generation of multi-element datasets for specific minerals, with broad applications in Earth science. Variation in absolute concentrations of different trace elements within common, widely distributed phases, such as pyrite, iron-oxides (magnetite and hematite), and key accessory minerals, such as apatite and titanite, can be particularly valuable for understanding processes of ore formation, and when trace element distributions vary systematically within a mineral system, for a vector approach in mineral exploration. LA-ICP-MS trace element data can assist in element deportment and geometallurgical studies, providing proof of which minerals host key elements of economic relevance, or elements that are deleterious to various metallurgical processes. This contribution reviews recent advances in LA-ICP-MS methodology, reference standards, the application of the method to new mineral matrices, outstanding analytical uncertainties that impact on the quality and usefulness of trace element data, and future applications of the technique. We illustrate how data interpretation is highly dependent on an adequate understanding of prevailing mineral textures, geological history, and in some cases, crystal structure.


AbstractEven though the concept of virtues may seem more at home in philosophy, religion, and social services than in the for-profit world of business, The Virtuous Organization focuses on virtuous practices in work contexts. Much attention has been paid to values in organizations, of course, but the definition and roles played by virtues in organizations differ from values. We briefly discuss the concept of virtues in organizations and differentiate it from the concept of values with which it is sometimes confused. This will serve as a backdrop to the contributions made by the various chapters contained in this book.


Working with the Individual's Attachment Style in Self Psychological/Intersubjective Couples Work - In this article Shelley Doctors presents an effective synthesis of three different theoretical contributions in the contemporary psychoanalytic field: Self Psychology, Intersubjective Perspective, Attachment Theory and the effects resulting from similar combination about Psychoanalytic Couples Treatment. In her paper, Doctors summarizes and redefines, compares and differentiates the basic concepts of the different theories with particular reference to organizing principles, to internal working models, narrative themes and to Bowlby's Attachment Theory. The paper states and demonstrates through a clinical vignette, how recognizing the internal working models aids the couples treatment based on Self Psychological/intersubjective theory. According to Doctors "the psychological organization emerging from the negotiation of attachment needs can be a 'royal road' for the intersubjective understanding".


The invention relates to acrylic acid modified waterproof mortar comprising cement, quartz sands, pulverized fuel ash, triple superphosphate powder, acrylic acid redispersable rubber powder, a water-repellent agent, a deforming agent and other auxiliary agents. The waterproof mortar with compact structure is obtained by adopting the acrylic acid redispersable rubber powder which has excellent ageing-resistant property and water-resistant property and good quartz sand graduation through formulation design and optimization, not only has good waterproof and impervious property, but also has excellent ageing-resistant property and excellent physical property.


Artificial intelligence (AI) interests the study and development of intelligent machines and software. The related ICT research is highly technical and specialized, and its central problems include the development of software that can reason, gather knowledge, plan intelligently, learn, communicate, scent and Manipulate objects. It also allows users of big data to automate and enhance complex descriptive and predictive analytical tasks that, when performed by humans, would be extremely labor acute and time consuming. Thus, unleashing AI on big data can have a significant impact on the role data plays in deciding how we work, how we travel and how we can conduct business.


This paper examines the effectiveness of pronunciation teaching to Greek state school students of three different ages (10, 13 and 15 years old). In particular, it examines the production of VOT of word initial /p, t, k/ and /b, d, g/ and preceding vowel duration of word-final stops. Recordings of students' speech samples were made before and after the teaching intervention, which involved 12 pronunciation lessons embedded in the regular English language lessons at the state school. The study examines: (a) the effectiveness of pronunciation teaching in a foreign language (FL) context, (b) the role of students' age, (c) the relation of the results to theories of phonological acquisition. The results suggest that pronunciation instruction is applicable and effective in a FL context and could be integrated into EFL


A model of a point and real photodetector with a finite aperture size is considered. A study was made of the effect of the finite aperture of photodetectors on the operation of optical signal processing devices. Estimates are obtained for the dependence of device signals and error signals on the size of the photodetector in calculations in spatial coordinates. Graphs of the corresponding dependences are presented, as well as graphs of surfaces for the dependence of the device signal on the size of the photodetector and the position of the photodetector, which make it possible to estimate the magnitude of the error signal.


Objective To investigate the expression of FHIT gene in gastric cancer and explore the relationship of FHIT gene expression with the proliferation of tumor cell. Methods Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to determine the expression of FHIT gene and Ki-67 protein and p21Waf1 protein in 60 gastric cancer samples while 60 corresponding paratumor normal tissues as control. Results (1)The expression of level of FHIT gene was found to be significantly lower in gastric cancer tissues than in paratumor normal tissues (P0.01). (2)The level of FHIT gene expression might be negative related with the proliferation of gastric cancer cell (P0.01). (3)The reduction of FHIT gene expression might be positive related with the reduction of p21waf1 protein in gastric cancer tissue (P0.01). Conclusion As a kind of tumor suppressor gene, the expression of FHIT gene is significantly lower in gastric cancer and is related to the over-proliferation of tumor cell. The FHIT gene might be involved in the regulation of cell cycle control and might be mediated by p21waf1 protein.


Globalisation is a term used frequently in the economic debate nowadays, and it would be difficult to find an area of economic research that is "globalisation-free". However, its meaning is so broad, that when globalisation is referred to in a discussion, various people understand various things. For this very reason, a discussion on globalisation and the monetary policy should commence with an attempt to define the term. One of the definitions of globalisation is provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), where it is construed as "the growing interdependence (integration) of national economies, in particular as a result of the growing international trade and financial flows". Moreover, an element of globalisation that is worth mentioning is the fast flow of information and knowledge, which is the driving force behind globalisation processes. One should keep in mind that globalisation is not a completely new phenomenon. In view of the existence of political barriers to international trade, the flow of capital and goods was equally as possible one hundred years ago as it is today. It goes without saying, however, that as a result of the rapid development of technology, especially in the ICT area, which drastically lowered the cost of the said exchange, the international integration of trade, investment, financial and other services is now more advanced than it has ever been before.


The invention relates to a production method of a multi-layer printed circuit board and the multi-layer printed circuit board, and the production method of the multi-layer printed circuit board comprises the following steps: step 1) providing an insulating light board with the required thickness, and carrying out roughening treatment on the insulating light board; and step 2) using the insulating light board after the roughening treatment to replace part of semi-curing sheets in a core plate or between the core plate and an outer layer of copper so as to produce a multi-layer plate with the structure comprising a plurality of semi-curing sheets, and carrying out lamination according to curing conditions required for the resin type of the used semi-curing sheets, thus obtaining the multi-layer printed circuit board. In the production method, the insulating light board after the roughening treatment is used to replace part of the semi-curing sheets, is used for producing the multi-layer plate with the structure comprising the plurality of the semi-curing sheets, thus the problems of an inter-layer sliding plate and non-uniform thickness caused by large adhesive flow can be solved; the interface bonding force can achieve the effect of using an etched copper-clad plate; and compared with the use of the etched copper-clad plate in the prior art, the production method has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, low pollution discharge and the like.


This study concerns the effect of letter position on the retention of words by EFL learners. Given the fact that everyone has a mental lexicon, we would suggest that words are possibly organized in alphabetical order, then it would be likely for the learners to retain the words easily when exposed to the first letters of given words. The study attempts to find whether the letter position enhances word retention. Three different positions of letters were selected: first, middle, and final letters. The chosen words have the same number of syllables and stress pattern. Running repeated measures ANOVA, as the appropriate statistical analysis, The 212 subjects of this study demonstrated much better retention when exposed to the first letter in comparison with the middle and final letters. The finding can be used in the classroom to help students recall the words that they already knew.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper to examine laws and regulations applicable to cannabis in the USA and the UK, including legal reforms and international treaty obligations.

Design/methodology/approach
This study relies on primary data from statutes and secondary data from online and offline resources, including relevant case studies.

Findings
Federal laws in the USA and existing UK cannabis legal regime generally prohibit recreational use of cannabis. Increasingly, various individual states in the USA have enabled the use of cannabis health-related uses, thereby challenging the status of the UN treaties on drug enforcement. As the USA struggles to reconcile the conflicts between federal law on cannabis and individual states within its borders, much of the rest of the world, including the UK, are struggling with how best to reconcile their domestic positions with their UN treaty obligations.

Social implications
Recent disclosures of past recreational use of prohibited drugs by several candidates vying to be the UK Prime Minister suggests why understanding the laws governing the use of cannabis is useful and relevant to the general public.

Originality/value
This paper provides a general but integrated review of national laws in the USA and the UK, as well as international treaties governing the use of cannabis.


Objective To establish a method for the rapid and accurate determination of arsenic in drinking water.Method We detect arsenic content in drinking water by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Result Under the optimal conditions selected,the detection limit of determination of arsenic in drinking water by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry were 3.030μg/L and 0.027μg/L,RSD were 0.89% and 0.65%,the recovery rate was 97.8%~103.4%.Conclusion Through the contrast test method found that the two methods of detection of the same sample results are basically consistent,can achieve rapid,convenient,accurate objective.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of inside laminates on residual stress generated in multi-plied copper clad laminates during molding process, which is used widely for printed wiring board. First, a viscoelastic model including not only thermal shrinkage but also plastic deformation is proposed. The generation mechanism of residual stress introduced in the multi-plied copper clad laminates during molding process is qualitatively explained by using this viscoelastic model. Second, the fundamental equations are derived for the residual stress in the multi-plied copper clad laminates considering visco-elastic-plastic deformation. With the fundamental equations, the residual stresses in the multi-plied copper clad laminates with various inside laminates are calculated using each material characteristic. Finally, the residual stresses in the multi-plied copper clad laminates are measured carefully using the layer removal method. Comparing the theoretical and experimental results, the effect of inside laminates on residual stress generated in multi-plied copper clad laminates is discussed.


Its implementation is not an easy task and raises many problems.2 But, seeing the glass as half full, we also need to acknowledge that there are some important elements that have already been defined, e.g., the rate and grace period of the payments and contributions, the institution through which the payments shall be made, and the basic criteria to distribute the funds collected. This positive approach to the problem does not imply minimizing several complex issues whose resolution is still pending. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to solve them to provide greater certainty to the offshore industry and to the work of the International Seabed Authority (isa). This essay briefly considers the origin and rationale of Article 82, but cannot attempt to solve all the problems. Rather it tries to provide useful elements for their solution and, in particular, it identifies various problems with respect to the three actors involved in implementation of Article 82: the coastal state, the isa, and the beneficiary states.


This article advocates workplace adult education and training researchers and scholar practitioners interested in career and technical education (CTE), adult education and technology, and who are attempting social and cultural critiques of workplace e-learning. The emphasis on the technological and artefactual in workplace e-learning research and study are not producing the expected learning outcomes from workplace adult education and training to the degree anticipated. Given increasingly global and diverse workforces, the research and study of workplace e-learning as a socio-culturally 'negotiated' space may be an alternate approach toward a more socially and culturally informed understanding of adult learning from workplace e-learning.


The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of context- and problem-based teaching on students' achievements in Digestive System and Circulatory System units. The data were collected with Digestive System Achievement Test (DSAT) and Circulatory System Achievement Test (CSAT). In addition, semi-structured interview form was utilized for data collection. Within quasi-experimental research design, the sample included in totally 106 11th graders from a secondary school in center of Erzurum. According the findings from study, it was seen that students' post-test scores from both achievement tests increased. However, the findings from post-test DSAT indicated there was no statistically significant difference between groups. In addition, the findings from CSAT indicated there was a statistically significant difference between groups in favor of experimental group. Semi-structured interviews were also determined that the students stated some disadvantages of CPBL despite the fact that they generally had positive opinion about CPBL.


Abstract Alcaparrosaite, ideally K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO4)4O(H2O)2, is a new mineral from the Alcaparrosa mine, Cerritos Bayos, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chile (IMA2011-024). The mineral occurs on and intergrown with coquimbite, and is also associated with ferrinatrite, krausite, pertlikite, pyrite, tamarugite and voltaite. It is a relatively early phase which forms during the oxidation of pyritic masses under increasingly arid conditions. Alcaparrosaite crystallizes from hyperacidic solutions in a chemical environment that is consistent with its association with coquimbite. It occurs as pale yellow blades and tapering prisms up to 4 mm in length, flattened on {010} and elongated along [100]. The observed crystal forms are {010}, {110}, {1.13.0} and {021}. The mineral is transparent and has a white streak, vitreous lustre, Mohs hardness of about 4, brittle tenacity, conchoidal fracture and no cleavage. The measured and calculated densities are 2.80(3) and 2.807 g cm−3, respectively. It is optically biaxial (+) with α = 1.643(1), β = 1.655(1), γ = 1.680(1) (white light), 2Vmeas = 70(2)º and 2Vcalc = 70.3°. The mineral exhibits strong parallel dispersion, r < v. The optical orientation is X = b; Y^c = 27° in the obtuse angle β. No pleochroism was observed. Electron-microprobe analyses (average of 4) provided: Na2O 0.32, K2O 20.44, Fe2O3 11.58, TiO2 11.77, P2O5 0.55, SO3 47.52, H2O 5.79 (calc); total 97.97 wt.%. The empirical formula (based on 19 O) is (K2.89Na0.07)∑2.96Ti4+0.98Fe3+0.97(S0.99P0.01O4)4O0.72 (OH)0.28(H2O)2. The mineral is hydrophobic, insoluble in cold and hot water, very slowly soluble in acids and decomposes slowly in bases. Alcaparrosaite is monoclinic, C2/c, with the cell parameters a = 7.55943(14), b = 16.7923(3), c = 12.1783(9) Å, b = 94.076(7)°, V = 1542.01(12) Å3 and Z = 4. The eight strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern [dobs in Å (Irel) (hkl)] are 6.907 (41) (021,110); 3.628 (34) (023,1̅ 13); 3.320 (32) (2̅02); 3.096 (100) (202,1̅33,150); 3.000 (40) (1̅51); 2.704 (38) (2̅23,152); 1.9283 (30) (1. 55); 1.8406 (31) (3.53,2.06). In the structure of alcaparrosaite (R1 = 2.57% for 1725 Fo > 4σF), Ti4+ and Fe3+, in roughly equal amounts, occupy the same octahedrally coordinated site. Octahedra are linked into dimers by corner sharing. The SO4 tetrahedra link the dimers into chains parallel to [001] and link the chains into undulating sheets parallel to {010}. The sheets link via 10- and 11-coordinated K atoms in the interlayer region. The structure shares some features with that of goldichite.


Abstract Phototherapy attracts increasing interest for broad bio-applications due to its noninvasive and highly selective nature. Owing to their good biocompatibility, unique optoelectronic properties and size/surface effects, carbon nanomaterials show great promise for phototherapy. Various carbon nanomaterials have been demonstrated as efficient phototherapy agents for a large variety of phototherapeutic applications, including cancer treatment, anti-bacteria, and Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the recent progress of carbon nanomaterials for phototherapy. Current challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.


Normative data for 1176 healthy. urban Turkish children were analysed for sex and social‐class differences in performance of the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST). Sex differences were minor, and were similar to those found in other countries. Social‐class differences, however, in contrast to findings in other DDST studies, were consistently in favour of the more advantaged children in all areas of functioning from about the age of 10 months. These differences became more marked with age. particularly in language and fine‐motor skills. These findings indicate considerable cultural differences within urban Turkey and suggest that the use of only one set of norms may lead to misdiagnosis. Further, they question the predictive validity of this test for lower‐class urban Turkish children, particularly for language and fine‐motor tasks.


Summary Adsorption and desorption isotherms of fresh and dried Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) were determined at three temperatures (20, 40 and 60 °C) using a gravimetric technique. The data obtained were fitted to several models including Guggenheim-Anderson-De Boer (GAB), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Henderson, Caurie, Smith, Oswin, Halsey and Iglesias-Chirife. A non-linear least square regression analysis was used to evaluate the models. The Iglesias-Chirife model fitted best the experimental data. Isosteric heat of sorption was also determined from the equilibrium sorption data using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and was found to decrease exponentially with increasing moisture content. The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was applied to the sorption isotherms and indicated an enthalpy-controlled sorption process. Glass transition temperature (Tg )o f Cape gooseberry was also determined by differential scanning calorimetry and modelled as a function of moisture content with the Gordon-Taylor, the Roos and the Khalloufi models, which proved to be excellent tools for predicting glass transition of Cape gooseberry.


Changes occur in brain functions before, during and after physical exercise as well as during orthostasis in males and females. The study aimed at understanding the effect of gender on post-exercise orthostasis induced changes in EEG amplitudes. 30 apparently healthy individuals consisting of 15 males (18.5 years) and 15 females (18.5years) were recruited for the study. They were divided into baseline, exercise and post-exercise orthostasis groups. Subjects were exercised on a treadmill for 10 minutes at 8km/hr. After which they were asked to stand for 10 minutes on both legs. EEG recording was carried out using PowerLab 26T using frontal and occipital electrodes as indicated in the operational manual. When compared with baseline, post-exercise orthostasis caused reduction in theta waves amplitude in males and females respectively and a decrease in alpha waves amplitude in males only. Post-exercise orthostasis lowered theta waves amplitude in males when compared with females while other EEG waves were not affected. There was a positive correlation was observed between shock index and alpha wave amplitude (r= 0.437, P<0.05) in males during post-exercise orthostasis but none in female. The findings of the study indicated that orthostasis after exercise relatively reduced theta waves in males compared to females.


"An Egyptian Shaykh's Literary World" is an independent project that digitally reconstructs the 480 print and manuscript titles in the handwritten Arabic probate inventory of Shaykh Mustafa Salama al-Najjari (d. 1870), an important but forgotten intellectual in late Ottoman Egypt. Our goal is to investigate the co-existence of manuscript and print cultures, to compare values of texts, to experiment with the HTML and visual representation of bibliographic data, and to understand the late Ottoman Egyptian printing business and its political dimension. Al-Najjari served in the Egyptian governor's entourage as a poet; he was the editor of the official government gazette between October 1866 and September 1867; and he was among the founders of the Society for Education (Jamʿiyyat al-Maʿārif ) in 1868, a large semi-private printing enterprise in Cairo. In March 1870, one month after his death, an officer from the khedivial probate office created an inventory of his possessions in an effort to settle his debts. The probate inventory, now in the Egyptian National Archives, contains a detailed list of the books, among other items, in al-Najjari's house at the time of death. Distinguishing between manuscript and printed texts, it records the shorthand titles of his books, their estimated value in piastres (qirsh), and sometimes offers a descriptive note about them, such as a comment on how the work was bound. For each of al-Najjari's printed books, the inventory furthermore lists whether it was published by a press belonging to the govern-


Background: Controversy persists about whether early enteral nutrition administration is related to worse prognosis than delayed enteral nutrition for patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Objectives: To systematically evaluate the effect of early enteral nutrition on the patient with gastrointestinal bleeding through the meta-analysis. Methods: Such electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and CBM were searched from 1985 to March 2018. Randomized controlled trials that compared early enteral nutrition versus delayed enteral nutrition in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding were considered eligible. Data extraction and the methodological quality assessment of the included trials were carried out according to the Cochrane Handbook. We calculated the pooled risk ratio, weighted mean difference, and the corresponding 95% confidential interval using RevMan5.3. Result: A total of 5 trials involving 313 patients were included. Compared with delayed enteral nutrition, there was a tendency for a decreased rebleeding rate in the early enteral nutrition group, but the trend was not statistically significant (risk ratio = 0.75, 95% confidential interval: 0.34–1.64, I2 = 0). As for mortality within 30 days, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups (risk ratio = 0.74, 95% confidential interval: 0.23–2.39, I2 = 0). In addition, the pooled analysis showed that early enteral nutrition was related to reduced hospitalized days (weighted mean difference = −1.69, 95% confidential interval: −2.15 to −1.23; I2 = 27%) Conclusion: For patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, early enteral nutrition within 24 hours does not result in the significantly higher risk of rebleeding and mortality compared with delayed enteral nutrition, but decrease hospitalized days. Patients who are at low risk for rebleeding can be fed early and discharged early. However, larger, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to verify these findings, and when the gastrointestinal bleeding patient start enteral nutrition is worth studying.


Ortho-monobromination of phenols and polyphenols by 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH) is described. A simple addition of commercially available DBDMH to phenols and polyphenols in chloroform at room temperature resulted in a good to excellent yield of corresponding ortho-monobromo derivatives.


The experiment was conducted with the cucumber cultivar Jinyan 2 as material and the mixture of peat soil,vermiculite and slag as organic substrates to study the influence of different substrate formulas on the cucumber growth and yield in greenhouse.The results showed that the optimum ratio of peat soil,vermiculite and slag was 2∶2∶1,and with this kind of substrate,the growth potential,the fruiting habit and the yield of cucumber were the highest.


For its first topographic surveys, begun in 1879, USGS measured distances by counting revolutions of a wheel, ran traverses by chain and compass, and used a barometer to determine elevations. Between 1886 and 1908, inventions including the telescopic alidade led to improved plane-table surveying and mapping to increase speed and accuracy. Beginning in 1934 the mapping of the entire Tennessee River basin using aerial photography led to the gradual replacement of plane-table mapping in the field by photogrammetric mapping in the office. And present-day photogrammetry may soon go the way of the plane table, because high-technology methods, including inertial survey and satellite surveying, are just over the horizon.


Based on the development status of 5G technology and smart grid and the future demand of power service terminals, this paper uses network slicing technology and utility maximization algorithm to realize the dynamic allocation of limited resources in smart grid, which meets the requirements of user experience quality and service quality, conforms to the evolution route of 5G technology and the development direction of smart grid system, and provides a reference scheme for the allocation of network slicing resources in smart grid.