Identification of genes determining narcolepsy susceptibility is important not only for understanding that disorder but also for possible clues to general sleep-control mechanisms. Studies in humans reveal at least one such gene related to the major histocompatibility complex and in dog an as-yet-unmapped single, autosomal recessive gene canarc-1. Gene markers for canarc-l were therefore sought by DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in our colony of narcoleptic dogs. A human ,I-switch immunoglobulin probe and the enzyme Hae III identified a gene cosegregating with canarc-l in backcrossed animals (logarithm of odds scores: m = 24, Z max = 7.2 at 0 = 0%). canarc-1 was also shown not to be tightly linked with the dog major histocompatibility complex (m = 40, Z < -2 at 0< 4.8%). These results represent the mapping of a non-major histocompatibility complex narcolepsy gene and strongly suggest involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of that disease. colepsy-susceptibility genes. Further support for such sleepcontrol genes unrelated to the MHC comes from our colony of narcoleptic dogs, in which disease is transmitted as a single autosomal recessive trait with full penetrance (12), designated canarc-1. The same gene appears involved in both Doberman and Labrador breeds because offspring of mixed crosses of affected animals also show disease. As in human narcolepsy, affected animals are excessively drowsy, have a short sleep latency during the day and fragmented sleep during the night, and display the disease hallmark, cataplexy (episodes of muscle weakness induced by emotions) (12). We have studied this colony to identify linkage markers for the high-penetrance narcolepsy-susceptibility gene. Our results demonstrate that canarc-1 is not located within the dog MHC but is tightly linked to a polymorphic band with strong homology with a human switch region of the , immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (S,). Human narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excess daytime sleepiness, disturbed nocturnal sleep, and pathological manifestations of rapid eye movement sleep, including sleeponset rapid eye movement periods, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. The cause and the pathogenesis of narcolepsy are unclear but involve both genetic and environmental factors (1, 2). One genetic factor appears in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype HLA-DRw1S (DR2), Dw2, DQw6 (DQw1), which is present in 32.8% of Caucasian and 7.7% of Asian normal controls, respectively, compared with 90-95% of Caucasian and 100%o of Asian narcoleptic patients (1, 3-5). This finding has led to the hypothesis that narcolepsy may be an autoimmune disorder or that a gene encoding an essential protein for sleep control may be located within the MHC complex. Studies to date, however, have not found evidence for or against these hypotheses. None of the general tests of immunopathology described in other autoimmune disorders (peripheral blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, complement, immunoglobulins and lymphocyte subpopulations, cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands) have been found abnormal in narcoleptic patients (6-9), DNA studies have thus far failed to reveal differences between the DRw15 and DQw6 genes of narcoleptics and those of normals (10, 11), and numerous nonimmunological genes cloned within the MHC region do not seem related to sleep. The paucity of multicase families has hindered further genetic studies. Nevertheless, sufficient patients without the DRw15 (DR2) haplotype, as well as multiplex families with disease not linked to HLA, have been reported (1, 2), strongly suggesting the existence of human non-MHC narMATERIALS AND METHODS Backcrosses and Diagnosis of Narcolepsy. Canine narcolepsy is an autosomal recessive disorder with full penetrance. Cataplexy can be observed spontaneously or after induction, by using the food-elicited cataplexy test (12) in all adult animals born from narcoleptic parents. Since establishment of the colony, more than 60 Dobermans and 25 Labradors born from narcoleptic parents (homozygous for canarc-1) have been studied, and all have expressed disease, showing cataplexy before 5 mo of age (12). Genetically heterozygous individuals (16 Dobermans and 11 Labradors from four purebred litters) born from narcoleptic dogs mated with unrelated controls have also been studied and never displayed cataplexy, thus confirming the autosomal recessive nature of the disorder. Backcross litters were generated, as shown in Fig. 1, and offspring were observed every 2 weeks for spontaneous and food-elicited cataplexy up to 5 mo of age. To confirm the diagnosis, backcrossed animals were also treated at 6 mo of age with physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). This compound, an anticholinesterase agent, triggers cataplexy in narcoleptic (canarc-1 homozygous) animals but is without effects in carriers (canarc-1 heterozygous) animals (12). Fifteen of the 26 backcrossed Dobermans and 7 of the 16 backcrossed Labradors showed cataplexy during development before 5 mo, a result in agreement with the distribution expected for autosomal recessive transmission of the trait (y2 = 0.1, P = 0.75). These narcoleptic animals also all showed cataplexy after physostigmine challenge at 6 mo of Abbreviations: MHC, major histocompatibility complex; SH, switch region ofany immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene; S., switch region of the ,L immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene; canarc-1, designated name for as-yet-unmapped single autosomal recessive gene for narcolepsy in dogs; lod, logarithm of odds. 1To whom reprint requests should be addressed at *. 3475 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (1991)


In this paper, we present an overall algorithm for real-time camera parameter extraction, which is one of the key elements in implementing virtual studio, and we also present a new method for calculating the lens distortion parameter in real time. In a virtual studio, the motion of a virtual camera generating a graphic studio must follow the motion of the real camera in order to generate a realistic video product. This requires the calculation of camera parameters in real-time by analyzing the positions of feature points in the input video. Towards this goal, we first design a special calibration pattern utilizing the concept of cross-ratio, which makes it easy to extract and identify feature points, so that we can calculate the camera parameters from the visible portion of the pattern in real-time. It is important to consider the lens distortion when zoom lenses are used because it causes nonnegligible errors in the computation of the camera parameters. However, the Tsai algorithm, adopted for camera calibration, calculates the lens distortion through nonlinear optimization in triple parameter space, which is inappropriate for our real-time system. Thus, we propose a new linear method by calculating the lens distortion parameter independently, which can be computed fast enough for our real-time application. We implement the whole algorithm using a Pentium PC and Matrox Genesis boards with five processing nodes in order to obtain the processing rate of 30 frames per second, which is the minimum requirement for TV broadcasting. Experimental results show this system can be used practically for realizing a virtual studio.


Systematic study of the sorption behavior of Gemini surfactant trialkyl-polyoxyethenyl quaternary ammonium compound(TPQAC) on kaolin and bentonite was carried out by UV-1100 spectrophotometer in order to verify the effectivity of TPQAC as the reagent for clay modification.The results show that the isotherms of its sorption can be described very well by the double-surface Langmuir isotherm,the rate of its sorption on kaolin and bentonite is very fast,it can reach equilibration in one or two minutes,and its saturate sorption amount is much enough to be used to modify clays.The eradicative effect of TPQAC on three kinds of algae was studied to find out its toxicity,it can be seen that at 2(mg/L) concentration it can perish algae in 24 h.The study of different organo-clay's algae removal ability show that their removal efficiency can reach 90% at the concentration of 20~30(mg/L,) and the best removal efficiency occurs at the proportion of 14 between clays and TPQAC.The toxicity of TPQAC and the influence of clays modified by it on Neomysis awatschensis were examined and the eco-effects of organo-clays were discussed to determine their mischief on mariculture animals. The LC_(50) of TPQAC to Neomysis awatschensis is(16.7)(mg/L,) its toxicity is 30 times lower than the conventional ones,and clays modified by this type of surfactant do not evidently influence the mariculture when they are used in removing red tide organisms.


This paper presents a digital pulse width modulator (DPWM) with a reduced digital modulation delay (a transport delay of the modulator) during the transient response of power converters. During the transient response operation of a power converter, as a result of dynamic variations such as load step-up or step-down, the closed loop controller will continuously adjust the duty cycle in order to regulate the output voltage. The larger the modulation delays, the larger the undesired output voltage deviation from the reference point. The three conventional DPWM techniques exhibit significant leading-edge and/or trailing-edge modulation delays. The DPWM technique proposed in this paper, which results in modulation delay reductions, is discussed, experimentally tested and compared with conventional modulation techniques.


This article analyzes some aspects that have been discussed about doctorates in Brazil and around the world. It examines the extent to which such discussions impact doctoral training itself and / or can help address the challenges and responsibilities inherent in the role of professor-researcher that this academic degree ratifies. Basically, it is divided into four interdependent parts. First, it presents a brief history of the origin and evolution of doctoral courses in European medieval universities, in order to locate the reader of the historical peculiarities related to the attributions and training of doctors. He then discusses the current status and configuration of the doctoral programs and some problems identified by the research carried out in postgraduate programs in different universities. Then he reports on some particular reflections on the experience of one of the authors as a graduate student, and finally analyzes some specific challenges for current and future doctors in the field of education.


The e-service is a long term marketing thought for many organizations, established on the assurance of cost effective models of providing customer services. Recent growth in the use of internet services has also provided opportunities for service companies to offer better quality service to their consumers. The main aim of the paper was to carry out the theoretical perception on the role of e-service. The current development in technology have created a powerful movement in knowledge based self service or e-service, and it is also creating a role of differentiation in provision of customer services. The advantages of internet also create a new opportunities for business to construct strategic link with their consumers. A self-complete survey was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 272 Pakistani respondents who use online banking. Factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to test the proposed model of relationships. Online e-trust, perceived quality and intention to use, have impact on subjective disconfirmation. Subjective disconfirmation does have a relationship to quality and e-loyalty. However, the efficiency dimension of online service quality is related to e-trust and also indirectly to relationship strength through e-trust. The personal need and site organization dimensions of online service quality are related to e-loyalty, with personal needs exhibiting the strongest impact. Also, the loyalty has stronger impact on behavioural intention and word of mouth.

 Key words: E- service, antecedents, consequences, subjective disconfirmation.


ABSTRACT

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is an exceptionally rare genetic disorder associated with life-threatening bacterial infections. Among the several genetic variations related to SCN, heterozygous mutations in the ELANE gene encoding neutrophil elastase account for approximately 40 - 55% of the genetic causes. Herein, we present the first documented case of SCN in a Vietnamese girl from the Central region of Vietnam. The diagnosis was confirmed through genetic analysis of the ELANE gene, a known causative gene in SCN. The patient exhibited severe neutropenia and a history of recurrent infections that did not respond well to treatment. Treatment involved the administration of granulocyte-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and antibiotics, resulting in a successful increase in neutrophil counts. This report contributes to the understanding of SCN's clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management, particularly in regions with limited documented cases.


The infra-red spectra of two softwood lignins are discussed with reference to the spectra of their acetyl and methoxyl derivatives. The spectra of the respective acetyl derivatives provide conclusive evidence for the presence of both phenolic and alcoholic groups in lignin and oxidized lignin, and of alcoholic groups only in the methoxyl derivatives of both these samples. Treatment of lignin with hydriodic acid in the conventional Zeisel determination of methoxyl groups eliminates the alcoholic hydroxyl groups and appears to split aliphatic ether linkages. The spectrum of lignin treated with hydriodic acid is very similar to that of brown coal, which supports previous chemical evidence that brown coal appears to be essentially " demethylated dehydrated lignin ". The progress of the isolation of lignin from wood was followed by infra-red spectroscopy.


Abstract : On 9-16 May 1976, Lt Colonel Wesley R. Nowell and Sergeant Donald R. Sutton of the 1st Medical Service, Clark Air Base, R.P., conducted an extensive survey of the mosquito population on the Island of Rota in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. All sites surveyed yielded mosquitoes, and Rota was found to be heavily infested. A total of seven species was captured; three of these were new collection records for the Island. Mosquito control is desirable for maintenance of morale and for medical and economic reasons, It can be accomplished on Rota through quarantine, technical surveillance, environmental management and public education. Chemicals are not recommended for other than localized treatment or emergency control requirements. This report provides a detailed description of the findings and mosquito data. Recommendations for island-wide mosquito control are included.


COVID-19 brought unprecedented changes in the education sector at all levels globally. These rapid changes have transformed the way teachers are transacting the curriculum in K-12 classrooms. Teachers have had to adapt and depend on a virtual mode to reach students and facilitate student engagement and subsequent learning. In the absence of professional development support, such overnight changes and giant leaps from traditional face-to-face interaction with students have been extremely challenging for teachers and equally stressful for students and their parents. Many teachers describe their helplessness with growing absenteeism and delayed submission of student assignments. It is even more difficult for students with a learning disability to engage virtually for a longer time in front of a computer screen. They often need intensive, one-on-one support from the parent. This chapter aims to highlight the challenges faced by professionals to teach students with specific learning disabilities effectively in a virtual learning environment and identify effective solutions.


The wear of acetabular liner is one of the key factors determining the longevity and osseointegration of Total Hip Replacement (THR) implants. The long-term experimental measurements of wear in THR components are time and cost-intensive. A finite element (FE) model of a 32 mm Ceramic on Polymer system consisting of ZTA (Zirconia-toughened Alumina) femoral head and UHMWPE (Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene) liner was developed to predict the dynamic wear response of the liner. Archard-Lancaster equation, consisting of surface contact pressure, wear rate, and sliding distance, was employed to predict the wear in the liner. The contact pressure and wear at the articulating surface were found to decrease over time. A new computational method involving 3D point clouds from the FE analyzed results were used to construct wear maps. The model was able to predict the linear wear with relative errors ranging from 9% to 36% over 2 million cycles when compared to the published results. The increasing error percentage occurring primarily from the use of a constant wear rate was reduced to a maximum of 17% by introducing a correction factor. Volumetric wear rate was predicted with a maximum relative error of 7% with the implementation of the correction factor. When the model was implemented to study liners of diameters ranging from 28 mm to 36 mm, the linear wear was seen to decrease with an increase in femoral head diameter, which is in agreement with the clinical data.


The relationship between the corporate digitalization and knowledge creation, and between information concentration and organizational structure are discussed. It is explained that knowledge innovation and information efficiency are ends, while the organizational structure is a means in the digitalized process. It is pointed that there is no set mode of structure adjustment.


the Eastern Front [2014]). These scholars emphasize the primacy of military necessity over ideology in the war of annihilation in the Soviet Union. In this interpretation, the Wehrmacht engaged in genocidal practices in the East, even though the acceptance of genocidal ideology by the officers and men was far from universal. One striking example Willems offers is that the Army Group Center, which eventually retreated into East Prussia, had "transported" (although "enslaved" would be a more accurate term) more than half a million Soviet civilians to the Third Reich by October 1943 (86). They did so in order to deny potential manpower to the Red Army and to increase German manpower in factories. As Willems rightfully argues, the Wehrmacht could not completely unlearn its conduct and how it viewed civilians when the army crossed the border into East Prussia. Willems' insights are original and helpful in thinking about how the Wehrmacht waged war on German soil. However, in my view he takes the concept of necessity too far in trying to explain the Wehrmacht's conduct. Willems demonstrates that the German army was brutal to perceived malingerers and defeatists and that it displayed criminal indifference to German civilians seeking to flee further west, as it always prioritized the interests of the military, while characterizing commanders' approach to German civilians as "criminally negligent" (241). As examples of continuity in genocidal practices from the Soviet Union to East Prussia, Willems also cites the presence of 600,000 Hiwis (Soviet auxiliaries) in the Wehrmacht, the flooding of urban areas to slow down the Red Army, the deployment of Jewish and Polish prisoners to build defensive positions, and the looting and destruction of property. All of these are valid points, but none indicate that the Wehrmacht targeted Germans in the war of annihilation. There were no mass shootings of German civilians or systematic burnings of German villages. Clearly, the trail of physical and human destruction the Wehrmacht left in the Soviet Union was greater than in Germany, even based on evidence Willems offers. Thus, military necessity can only go so far to explain the German army's treatment of civilians. Overall, Violence in Defeat is a vital contribution to our understanding of how the war ended in the East, and anybody interested in the Eastern Front and the Third Reich's downfall should read it.


The main aim of the study is: to present the Bulgarian Jewish women who are not widely known in our society, but their contribution in scientific knowledge is enormous, with which to give an unexpected insight into science – how in times when abusive with the scientific knowledge is destroying millions of human beings, these same people, despite their fate, they make and impossible to preserve their lives and to create a science that is in favor of all humanity. Between 30 January 1933, when Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, and 9 May 1945, 6 million were killed, of which 1.5 million were babies and young children. Every two of three Jews in Europe are killed. Among these 6 million ordinary people, there are also thousands of rabbis, teachers, academics, researchers, engineers, artists, writers, musicians, doctors, financiers, sports and culture people. Holocaust is a targeted genocide against the European population in the 20th century – the European Jews, by the National Fascists in Germany, with purpose to clear the population of Germany/Europe from certain ethnic groups. The Hebrew word for the Holocaust is "Shoah" (האושה) – destruction, a great catastrophe. These six narratives are an attempt to familiarize with the fates of six real people who have shown that despite the circumstances are personalities. Stories I hope will remain in the minds of the people who have heard/read them.


A double plates sunroof is provided. The sliding roof comprises a front glass guide, which supports a front glass plate, and a rear glass guide, which supports a rear glass plate. The rear glass plate is arranged behind the front glass plate, when the double-plate sliding roof is in a fully closed position. A front connection member is rotatably attached to a front portion of the front glass guide in such a way that the front connecting member drives a front end of the front glass in an upward direction away from a vehicle body when the front link is driven in a rearward direction.


In this paper,we analyze the committed data of developers in Git repository to investigate the distribution of the numbers of files in different commits and the dependency among the files in each commit.We find that the distribution of the number of files in a commit for each project follows approximately apower-law distribution,and files committed by a developer at the same time are likely to dependent on each other.Such analysis of the dependency between the files committed at the same time can help to design better recommender system to predict the next focus of a developer and thus may improve her work efficiency.


Retrieval-based methods have been proven effective in many NLP tasks. Previous methods use representations from the pre-trained model for similarity search directly. However, the sentence representations from the pre-trained model like BERT perform poorly in retrieving semantically similar sentences, resulting in poor performance of the retrieval-based methods. In this paper, we propose kNN-EC, a simple and efficient non-parametric emotion classification (EC) method using nearest neighbor retrieval. We use BERT-whitening to get better sentence semantics, ensuring that nearest neighbor retrieval works. Meanwhile, BERT-whitening can also reduce memory storage of datastore and accelerate retrieval speed, solving the efficiency problem of the previous methods. kNN-EC average improves the pre-trained model by 1.17 F1-macro on two emotion classification datasets.


Parameter estimation is a common challenge in scientific modeling. However, agent-based modeling offers particular challenges: since the system behavior emerges out of local interactions among agents, many solutions are computationally intensive and do not scale with the number of parameters. The challenge is especially acute in interactive agent-based modeling where the goal is to support humans with little domain expertise. We describe a knowledge-based function approximation technique for the problem of parameter estimation in interactive agent-based modeling. Our method uses domain knowledge to decompose a large parameter search space into smaller and simpler spaces, and ranks the spaces by priority of search, thereby making the problem more tractable. We describe three experiments for validating the technique using the VERA system for interactive agent-based modeling.


The room temperature adhesional bonding of fine Au wires was investigated. Au wires with a diameter of 100 pm were contacted to Au plates and Si substrates after the surfaces had been activated by Ar ion irradiation. It was found that the experimental contact width, 2a, was nearly equal to the theoretical adhesional elastic contact width, 2a j , when f was small enough (f 500 N/m), and became nearly equal to the elasto-plastic contact width a e p . It was also found that the experimental bond strength increased with increasing the holding time after bonding (contacting). It was suggested from the experimental results (T/t r - 1 / T plots) that the mechanism of increasing bond strength is due to the stress induced diffusion along the bond interface, where tr is the time taken to obtain a constant increase in the bond-strength and T is the absolute temperature. Further, the possibility of nano contact joining was suggested.


girls in these subjects and because of the pupils' previous experience with them, these topics serve as a good beginning in the study of general science. Throughout the book frequent examples taken from the common experiences of boys and girls are used in introducing new subjects. Important, too, is the recognition of the value of the historical approach to new fields. The book is well illustrated with up-to-date pictures and drawings; in fact, there are few pages that do not have at least one illustration. The use of pictures of pupils performing simple experiments is to be commended. One of the most important features of the book is the method of approach to scientific principles. The authors attempt (i) to lead the pupil to see the importance of supporting evidence and orderly approach to generalizations and (2) to develop in the pupils some elements of the scientific method by constant use of examples. ALLEN R. MooRE Morton High School and Junior College Cicero, Illinois


Purpose – Given that current policy in the UK is focused on encouraging individuals with long-term health conditions (LTCs) to work wherever possible, the purpose of this paper is to explore employer's and manager's perspectives of supporting those with LTCs as any successful workplace engagement will largely be influenced by their readiness to be supportive. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 40 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with employers' and managers' from a range of organisations in the north-west of England during the period March 2011 to January 2012. Comparative analysis of the data was guided and informed by grounded theory principles. Findings – All bar one participant typified their role as one of a difficult "balancing" act of additional and often incompatible demands, pressures and feelings. It was evident that coping with this ambivalent situation incurred an emotional consequence for participants. Practical implications – Employers' and managers' response to ambiva...


Finance is a complex domain largely unexplored in the human factors literature. Modern financial trading systems involve a variety of coupled socio-technical systems (e.g. humans and technologies) and have become highly automated. Recent stock market crashes, such as the well-known Flash Crash, show automation-initiated dynamics. This suggests that a human factors understanding of this environment may be useful. In this article, we report an initial attempt to model buyer-side Automated Trading (AT) systems using a Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) approach. A Work Domain Analysis (WDA) model is presented to describe the automated financial trading domain. This work has implications for applying CWA to finance but also advances the understanding of how to model a highly automated domain.


Two-motor variable frequency speed-regulating synchronous system is a multivariable nonlinear coupling system. In order to estimate speed and tension of this system more effectively, a method of modeling based on local model networks (LMN) is given. Through using correlative testing signal to drive two-motor synchronous system firstly, series of output response about speed and tension are obtained.Then fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster the data of input-output according to the satisfactory performance index. Finally ,the sum of linear local model identification model for speed and tension is built . The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed the method.


The present invention relates to a network system and a method for providing commodity exchange and a management method for commodity data. The network system for providing commodity exchange consists of a plurality of network nodes and one or more commodity management databases storing various kinds of commodity data. A plurality of network nodes connect with each other in a point-to-point mode and form a point-to-point network, and each network node is connected with the commodity management database, opens to and shares the obtained commodity data with other nodes in the point-to-point network. The method for commodity exchange of the network system is as follows: a commodity demander and a commodity possessor establish a dialog channel after searching for the commodity, carry out one or more transaction proposals and conduct a commodity exchange based upon a confirmed transaction proposal. The present invention overcomes the problem of excessive in the cost of obtaining and inputting the commodity data and the defective in data liquidity, frees users from policy restrictions of any e-commerce website, and enhances the elasticity and diversity of e-commerce transactions.


Theoretical investigations of the plasma parameters, electron temperature, and ion expansion energy were based on a stationary hydrodynamic model. Comparison with experimental observations of three different solid materials gave good agreement with theory. There is evidence for thermal equilibrium between electrons and ions in plasmas excited by nanosecond light pulses.


The main aim of this study is to analyse the long-term relationships between industrial growth and international trade in manufactured goods, in particular the effects on trade of the industrialization of the primary-producing areas of the world. An assessment is made of the impact of such industrialization on the volume of exports of primary products ; and a quantitative analysis shows the relative importance of import-substitution and of real income growth on the level of imports of manufactured goods.


PURPOSE: To secure the extent of safety in time of vehicle traveling by operating an automatic steering actuator of an automatic steering means and selecting it to automatic steerage in the case where something wrong with the arousal degree of a driver is judged by an arousal degree judging means, and imparting a warning vibration to the steering means as long as the specified time. CONSTITUTION: During car driving, a heart rate is detected by two infrared type heartbeat sensors 2, 3 and a potential type heartbeat sensor 7, and anything unusual in an arousal degree and a degree of tenseness of a driver are judged by a heartheat arousal degree judging means 10. In addition, a parameter of steering elements is calculated from the output of a steering angle sensor 11, and from the calculated result, something wrong with the arousal degree of the driver is judged by a steering arousal degree judging means 13. In the case of judging the arousal degree abnormality, an automatic steerage operating means 21 is operated by a warning controller 19, and steering control is selected to an automatic steering mode. In succession, an acoustic sense warning means 18 is operated, while a tactile sense warning means 17 is operated, through which a vibration is imparted to a steering wheel by a vibro-input means, awakening the driver.


The aim of this research paper is to investigate the machinability of CSN 12050 carbon steel bars using carbide insert tool in order to utilize the optimum cutting parameters by employing Taguchi approach. Experiments have been performed under dry cutting condition using an optimization approach according to Taguchi's L9(34) orthogonal arrays; signal-to-noise ratio tests are designed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the importance of machining parameters on the material removal rate (MRR). The results were analyzed using signal-to-noise ratios (S/N); 3D surface graphs, main effect graphs of mean, and predictive equations are employed to study the performance characteristics. The optimal parameters resulted as A3B2C3 (i.e., cutting speed 275 (m/min), depth of cut 0.35 (mm), and feed rate 0.25 (mm/rev), respectively). In the present study, there is an improvement of 5.22 dB at optimal cutting conditions for each significant MRR response parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate. With these proposed optimal parameters, it is possible to optimize machinability for product sustainability.


This is an image of the chest wall of a 57 year-old male, who presented with a painless mass in the left subscapular region of the chest which he had for more than ten years. The mass had recently increased in size causing discomfort when lying down. Examination revealed a mass on the back side of the left chest wall deep to the angle of the scapula which became prominent on abduction of the arm [Figure 1]. The mass was firm, but became hard on shoulder adduction. A similar mass became visible on the right infrascapular region during the abduction of the right arm, but this mass had not been noticed by the patient. The differential diagnoses considered were intramuscular lipoma, sarcoma, desmoid tumour, fibromuscular tumour besides other soft tissue tumours.

Figure 1:

Clinical photograph showing the mass on the back of the left side of the chest wall deep to the angle of scapula. A similar smaller mass is seen on the right side.

A magnetic resonance (MR) scan of both periscapular regions showed a very well-defined oval soft tissue mass measuring 6 cm in oblique diameter, 2 cm in depth and 9 cm in cranio-caudal length which was located posterolaterally in the left side deep into the serratus anterior muscle and attached to the rib. Another identical mass of smaller size was detected on right side. The serratus anterior muscle was displaced laterally, but the ribs and overlying muscle were unaffected. Both masses had a striated appearance with multiple linear septae of alternating high- and low-signal intensity due to interlacing of linear streaks of fat. Both masses showed a significant soft tissue component enhancement [Figure 2]. The diagnosis suggested by MR scan was bilateral fibrolipoma. Core needle biopsy reported fragments of fibrocollagenous and fibroadipose tissue only.

Figure 2:

Magnetic resonance scan of both mass with striated appearance and multiple linear septae of alternating high and low signal intensity due to the interlacing of linear streaks of fat.

The patient underwent complete excision of both the masses. Grossly, the tumours were firm non-encapsulated, firmly adherent to the scapula and ribs, the left one 10 x 6 x 3 cm and the right one 7 x 5 x 2 cm in size. Microscopically, both lesions were ill-defined and non-encapsulated comprised of adipose tissue, blood vessels and fibroconnective tissues. Thick eosinophilic fragmented material was present within areas of connective tissues of fragmented elastic fibres [Figure 3], and scattered fibrillar material with staining affinity similar to elastic fibres (so called elastofibroma fibres).

Figures 3A to 3D:

Histopathology of both masses showing an ill-defined non-encapsulated lesion comprising of adipose tissue, blood vessels and fibroconnective tissue. There is thick eosinophilic fragmented material within the areas of connective tissue of fragmented elastic ...

Elastofibroma dorsi [EFD] is a slow growing benign lesion of unknown pathogenesis. It is most commonly seen in the sub-scapular region in elderly women as an ill-defined mass located within the muscles attached to the inferior angle of the scapula.1 The majority of patients are asymptomatic; rare symptoms include periscapular pain and discomfort, clunking of the scapula or restriction of shoulder movements. The findings in computed tomography (CT) and MR imaging in a typical infra-scapular location are very characteristic to EFD, hence obviating the need for biopsy and surgery in asymptomatic patients.2,3,4 Although only 320 cases have been reported in medical literature, the prevalence of asymptomatic EFD detected by CT scan in elderly populations was 2%.1,5 Subclinical cases of small lesions (2–3 cm) have been found in autopsy series in 24% of females and 11% of males older than 55 years.1,5 The pathogenesis of this lesion remains unclear; whether these lesions are true neoplastic or reactive pseudotumours is still a controversy.


Cultures of H. influenzx from cases 2 and 3 were subinitted to Dr. F. 0. Wishart, Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Toronto. He reported that agglutination reactions indicated both strains to be Type B. The organisms in case 1 were not typed. Sensitivity tests were not done on the strains from cases 1 and 2. The strain isolated from case 3 was sensitive to 200 units of streptomycin per c.c. (4 times the concentration which inhibits strains considered sensitive to streptomycin) only slightly sensitive to 0.1%o solution of sulfadiazine and insensitive to 10 units of penicillin per c.c. (10 times the concentration which inhibits organisms sensitive to penicillin). In the first two cases, treatment with penicillin and sulfonamides was followed by fairly prompt clinical improvement and eventual apparently complete recovery. As both patients were extremely ill on admission to hospital, and as influenzal meningitis is highly lethal in untreated cases in children, it seems possible that recovery in these cases was related to therapy. In the third case, although eventual recovery is attributable to streptomycin, some clinical improvement and a drop in the cerebrospinal fluid cell count occurred during preliminary treatment with penicillin and sulfonamides. However, this treatment did not sterilize the cerebrospinal fluid. It has been believed for some time that sulfonamide compounds potentiate the effect of penicillin against susceptible organisms.4 That these therapeutic agents may exhibit synergy against bacteria resistant to the effect of either separately is suggested by the recent work of Bigger.5 Since H. influenzx is relatively resistant to penicillin and to the sulfonamides in vitro, recovery inthe first two cases here reported, if attributable to therapy, is suggestive of such a synergic effect.


Header bidding refers to an innovative, smart service for online advertising. It facilitates concurrent, automatic real-time bidding for ad spaces on online publishers' websites and thereby supports online publishers' in their efforts to tackle Google's dominance in the online advertising market. Interdisciplinary service science research on the opportunities and challenges of smart header bidding services is still scarce. To this end, we analyze a comprehensive dataset, covering header bidding solutions and connected supply-side platforms, for the top 20 German website publishers. We carve out requirements for establishing header bidding as a successful smart service in the digital arena and offer some guidance on how to design and take advantage of header bidding services for monetizing publishers' online content. We further suggest that publishers must monitor rising header bidding substitutes, such as Google's exchange bidding, to secure sustainable value creation from header bidding as technology-based service transformation in the digital world.


Combined with the characteristic of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and the advantages of Variable-Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) with AC-excited generation technique, matrix converter and vector control scheme, the DFIG's vector control model was deduced and the stator flux-oriented vector controller block diagram of the VSCF DFIG was developed excited by a matrix converter. The system enables the generator to capture maximum energy at optimal speed and makes active and reactive power regulated independently. The simulation program was designed in C language and Matlab. Results indicate the good performance of this system and prove the correctness and availability of this scheme.


In current steganalysis, relying on a large scale of samples, widely-adopted supervised schemes require the training stage while few studies focus on the design of a training-free unsupervised adaptive detector with high efficiency. To fill the gap, we investigate an adaptive statistical model-based detector designed for detecting JPEG steganography. First, in virtue of hypothesis testing theory, together with the distribution of quantized DCT coefficients, we establish the general framework of the statistical model-based detector. Second, based on the framework, we mainly analyze the performance of the detector relying on the selection of the statistical model, parameters estimation, and less significant payload prediction. Third, to improve the reliability of detection, based on the strategy of assigning weights for DCT channels, the novel adaptive statistical model-based detectors are proposed to aim at detecting JPEG steganography, involving the channel-selected or non-channel-selected algorithm. Extensive experiments highlight the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Moreover, when detecting JPEG images adopted by two steganographic schemes with the small payload, the experimental results show the Area Under Curve (AUC) of our proposed optimal adaptive detector can achieve as high as 0.9567 and 0.9895 respectively, which are both better than that of non-adaptive detector.


The drainage pipeline is responsible for the collection and transportation of urban sewage and wastewater, and is one of the necessary facilities for the normal operation of the city. Therefore, it is of great significance to unblock and prevent the sewer pipe. A new type of dredging machine is designed to overcome the defects of the existing dredging method. The machine consists of two parts: a mechanical module and a control module. The machine adopts the idea of mechatronics which realize the automatic operation of the multi-function dredging machine, and it has low cost and good market economy benefits.


Fluidized-bed gasifiers in combination with integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology are an efficient way to make use of low-value coal, waste, and biomass for power generation. However, air/steam blown gasifiers produce a fuel gas diluted with N2, making expensive CO2−N2 separation processes necessary for integration with carbon capture and storage technology. To overcome this limitation, a novel process is proposed in this work where the bed is fluidized with an O2/CO2 mixture, with CO2 being recycled from the combusted fuel gas stream. A laboratory-scale spouted-bed gasifier was developed to investigate the potential of this concept. This work focuses on the overall operability of the gasifier as well as the effect of operating parameters on the gasification performance of two different coals when high partial pressures of CO2 are employed. The temperature increase in the range of 850−950 °C produced a significant increase in carbon conversion, while the effect of the O/C ratio was more...


The feasibility of electrostatic precipitation above 500 degrees C was demonstrated for separation of ultrafine particles synthesized by thermally activated CVD (chemical vapor deposition) directly from the reaction gas stream. Silicon-nitride particles were prepared from a (SiCl/sub 4/+NH/sub 3/)/N/sub 2/ gas system at 1200 degrees C. This process produces NH/sub 4/Cl as solid particles at normal temperature, as a by-product. The high-temperature electrostatic precipitation method should collect only the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ particles directly from the reaction gas stream because the sublimation temperature of NH/sub 4/Cl is about 340 degrees C. An electrode system for corona discharge that can generate a stable corona discharge even in the reaction gas atmosphere at high temperature was developed. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that no NH/sub 4/Cl particles were collected at 500 degrees C.<<ETX>>


For the aeroacoustic design of expansion chambers, commonly installed in e.g. HVAC ducts or automotive exhaust systems, the aerodynamic noise generation mechanisms as well as the transmission characteristics of acoustic waves propagating in a non-quiescent medium have to be taken into account. The attenuation of downstream propagating acoustic waves should be maximized with a minimum of additional flow noise generation and often a compromise between both performance parameters has to be made. In this paper, these two aeroacoustic properties are experimentally analyzed for a simple expansion chamber carrying a mean flow which is uniform in time. This is achieved using an active two-port representation which is validated for a straight duct with a loudspeaker placed at its center. The different experiments are carried out on an open circuit aeroacoustic wind tunnel where the test objects are located inside a semi-anechoic room. This allows to determine the noise emission and radiation in free-field environments and correlate the far-field pressure levels with the aerodynamic noise generation mechanisms described by the active two-port components.


A reinvestigation of the Prevost reaction of N-allylmorpholine (1) with silver(I) benzoate and iodine shows that it gives the 1,3-dibenzoate (2) (11%) through rearrangement, the 1,2-dibenzoate (3) (5%) and (1) (13%).


The present study investigated the effects of mibefradil, a novel T-type channel blocker, on ventricular function and intracellular Ca2+ handling in normal and hypertrophied rat myocardium. Ca2+ transient was measured with the biolumlnescent protein, aequorin. Mibefradil (2 μM) produced nonsignificant changes in isometric contraction and peak systolic intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+],) in normal rat myocardium. Hypertrophied papillary muscles isolated from aortic-banded rats 10 weeks after operation demonstrated a prolonged duration of isometric contraction, as well as decreased amplitudes of developed tension and peak Ca2+ transient compared with the sham-operated group. Additionally, diastolic [Ca2+], Increased In hypertrophied rat myocardium. The positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol stimulation was blunted in hypertrophied muscles despite a large increase in Ca2+ transient amplitude. Afterglimmers and corresponding aftercontractions were provoked with isoproterenol (10-5 and 10-4 M) stimulation in 4 out of 16 hypertrophied muscles, but were eliminated in the presence of mibefradil (2 μM). In addition, hypertrophied muscles in the presence of mibefradil had a significant improvement of contractile response to isoproterenol stimulation and a reduced diastolic [Ca2+], although a mild decrease of peak Ca2+-transient was also shown. However, verapamil (2 μM) did not restore the inotropic and Ca2+ modulating effects of isoproterenol in hypertrophied myocardium. Mibefradil partly restores the positive Inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation in hypertrophied myocardium from aortic-banded rats, an effect that might be useful in hypertrophied myocardium with impaired [Ca2+], homeostasis.


The magnetic-field modulated brushless double-rotor machine (MFM-BDRM) is a promising candidate for the power splitting device in hybrid electric vehicles. Due to its special operating principle, the magnetic field modulation principle, various harmonic magnetic fields are produced in the MFM-BDRM. Therefore, it is crucial for the design of MFM-BDRM to reduce the influence of nonworking harmonic magnetic fields on the electromagnetic performance of MFM-BDRM, like back electromotive force (EMF) and torque ripple. In this paper, first, the distribution law of permanent-magnet (PM) and armature modulated magnetic fields is analyzed. Second, since the analysis and calculation method of harmonic back EMF in a traditional PM machine is not suitable for the MFM-BDRM, the formation mechanism of harmonic back EMF in the MFM-BDRM is further investigated. Third, combined with the characteristic of modulated magnetic field and formed harmonic back EMF in the MFM-BDRM, the optimal pole pair combination of stator, PM rotor, and magnetic blocks is investigated. Finally, analysis and calculation of a specific MFM-BDRM by analytical and finite- element method shows the MFM-BDRM with the optimal combination can obtain very sinusoidal no-load and load back EMF and quite low torque ripple.


The electrical conductivity of electrochemically reduced samples of stabilized zirconia has been measured by impedance spectroscopy, in the range 500–1000 K. Two different conduction processes are involved depending on the deviation from stoichiometry. For small deviations from stoichiometry, the total electrical conductivity increases only slightly. On the other hand, a large increase in the electrical conductivity is observed when the departure from stoichiometry is high. This is interpreted in terms of an increase in the ionic conductivity due to a variation of the dielectric constant and a high electronic conductivity for large deviations from stoichiometry. The variation of this electronic conductivity is more complex than observed in ceria‐based materials.


During the last two past decades, software architecture has been a rising subject of software engineering. Since, researchers and practitioners have recognized that analyzing the architecture of a software system is an important part of the software development process. Architectural evaluation not only reduces software development efforts and costs but it also enhances the quality of the software by verifying the addressability of quality requirements and identifying potential risks. To this aim, several approaches have been recently proposed to analyze system non-functional attributes from its software architecture specification. In this paper, we propose an ADL based formal method for representing and reasoning about system non-functional attributes at the architectural level. We are especially interested in analyzing performance and reliability quality attributes. We also propose to analyze the sensitivity of the system by identifying components that have the greatest impact on the system quality. The automation of our model was followed by a series of experiments that allowed us to validate our inductive reasoning to prove the capabilities of our model to represent and analyze software architectures.


This study aims to explore the notion of identity from a post-modernist perspective in the novel,'Kartography' by Kamila Shamsie. The concept of identity and its multifarious uptakes in varied fields of study have been revealing to understand the complexity embedded in this notion. The concept of identity and its diverse uptakes in varied study fields reveal the need to know the complexity embedded in this notion. Data of the study were selected from novel passages. Discourse Analysis (DA) and Michael Hecht's 'Communication Theory of Identity were used as a theoretical framework for the study.This theory explains the concept of identity from the postmodernist perspective and describes four layers of identity, for instance, personal, relational, enacted, and communal. It examines the personal-relational and personal-enacted identity gaps in the characters of the novel under the study. Findings exhibit that novel characters undergo personal-relational and personal-enacted identity gaps, and these gaps negatively influence their interpersonal relationships. Hence, the inherent fluidity of identity has been demonstrated in novel characters


The statistical tables of death in combat and death from war constitute a macabre reminder, somber quantitations of a legacy of tragedy and sorrow. The impact of such tallies diminishes as time advances, and after a generation the residue of ancient sorrow has been largely but not wholly diluted out. On the other hand, the crippled, those hideously disfigured by burns, amputations, and other wounds, the mained derelicts who survive, constitute a larger tragedy. The residual effect of forsaken hopes and ruined lives blights the individual but has done little to fix in the sometimes feeble memory of man the horrors of his organized misbehavior. In times past the effort at rehabilitation, though vigorous, was at best only partly successful and the peg-legged cripple, the war shocked and disfigured were accepted as part of the scenery of most communities. The advancing mechanization and the increased tempo of warfare in World


The present study illustrates that social support in ECEC settings can take place across several socio-economical and cultural borders. The presence of children as brokers of relations plays a fundamental role in the creation of social networks, in the processes of parenting support and community building. 'Free confrontations' between parents and children can foster daily learning processes, despite/thanks to the contradictions and tensions that occur. This suggests that a meeting place can be a space where the experiment of democracy sporadically can emerge. In this experiment, parents, children and professionals are actors in the construction processes of parenting and community building. In so doing, parenting and living together, the pedagogical and the social, coincide.


Carbon aerogels with hierarchical porous structures are highly promising for developing novel electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their substantial active sites for ion and electron transfer. Herein, a new type of graphene/carbon aerogels with multimodal pores have been facilely synthesized via carbonization of graphene crosslinked polyimide aerogels. Compared to most carbon aerogels based on organic aerogels reported previously, this preparation process is facilitated by the exclusion of harmful formaldehyde. Moreover, graphene is demonstrated as a powerful crosslinking agent, allowing acceleration of the gelation process, improvement of the porous structures inside carbon aerogels, and enlargement of specific surface area and conductivity of carbon aerogels. SEM observation shows the multimodal pores and three-dimensional nano-network of carbon aerogels, which provide short diffusion lengths for both charge and ion transport and high electroactive regions. With graphene involved, the as-prepared carbon aerogels possess high specific surface area up to 998.7 m 2 g � 1 and specific capacitance up to 178.1 F g � 1 at a current density of 1 A g � 1 , which is much higher than that of pure carbon aerogels (193.6 m 2 g � 1 and 104.2 F g � 1 ). This work provides a new and facile avenue for


We applied a data-driven method to derive the invisible energy for air showers using the publicly available data of the KASCADE experiment. The universal relation between the invisible energy and the number of muons measured by the shielded KASCADE detectors was adopted. In this way, we determine the invisible energy for the first time from measured data between PeV and EeV energies. We also present new energy calibration of the signals induced in KASCADE detectors exploiting the lateral shape parameter and reducing the bias on the estimated shower energy.


In rats,the quantities of gossypolstored up in blood and related internalorgans were unequal after to admini-stration of the drug.In liver,theconcentration was the highest and theaccumulation was the fastest in compa-rison with those in serum,testis andepididymis.At low dosage,the ac-cumulation was limited,and evenwhen the animal was administratedwith gossypol for a long time,thedrug did not accumulate unlimitedlyin the body.The retention of gos-sypol was not serious,and its levelbecame dropped soon after the cessa-tion of drug administration.At thesame time,the treated animals gradu-ally regained their fertility.Theconcentrations of gossypol in bloodand liver increased with the increaseof dosage administrated.Throughliver-bile duct system,large quantitiesof gossypol excreted with feces.Fur-thermore,it was observed that,Withina certain range of dosages,the moregossypol was given,the more was theamount excreted.


Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has proven benefits in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). A significant proportion of them shows recovery of systolic function Objective: To analyse the main baseline, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic characteristics that may predict LVEF recovery after TAVR. Methods: A cohort study was conducted. Consecutive patients undergoing TAVR in our center from January 2012 to December 2020 were included. Baseline clinical profile, electrocardiographic (EKG), echocardiographic (ECH) parameters were recorded, as well as MACE during followup (major adverse cardiovascular events including: all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident and heart failure hospitalization). Reduced systolic function was defined as LVEF <50%. We considered recovery of systolic function as LVEF ≥50% at follow-up. Results: A total of 292 patients were included. 48% were women and the median age was 81.07 years (77.63-86.22). 22.6% (66 patients) had reduced LVEF at baseline. Half of them showed recovered systolic function during follow-up. Patients who did not recovered LVEF had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and peripheral artery disease. History of cardiac surgery was more frequently found in this group, and they showed a higher surgical risk estimated by EuroScore II. They had lower LVEF and aortic valve mean gradient, and more frequently presented non-synus rhythm (NSR), left bundle branch block and right ventricular dysfunction (RVD). These characteristics are shown in figure 1. In univariate analysis lower Euroscore II, presence of synus rhythm, absence of LBBB and RVD, as well as higher aortic valve mean gradient were predictors of LVEF recovery. In multivariate analysis RVD and mean aortic gradient were independent predictors. Among all patients included in our study, those presenting with RV dysfunction were significantly associated with lower LVEF mean values (46,0% vs 57,2%;p<0,01) After a median follow-up of 21.3 (8.52-38.94) months, MACE were lower in recovered LVEF group (HR 0.25 95% CI: 0.05-1.21). There were no statistically significant differences in all-cause mortality, nevertheless there was a trend towards a higher non-cardiovascular mortality in this group, essentially at the expense of deaths from malignant neoplasms and SARS-COV- 2 infections. Survival curves for MACE are represented in figure 2. Conclusion: In our study, half of the patients with impaired ventricular function undergoing TAVR showed recovery of ejection fraction. Right ventricular function and aortic valve mean gradient at baseline were independent predictors of recovery. Identifying predictors of LVEF recovery is fundamental in the evaluation of potential candidates for TAVR, and can help clinicians assess risks and benefits, as well as long-term prognosis of these patients.


PMU data is facing with the problems of processing and application caused by the massive, distributed, multi-source, high redundancy existing in data. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel lightweight middleware to process and mine distributed massive PMU data. There employs light sampling parallel mining algorithm to deal with rules of data association, and proposes round robin algorithm to allocate computing tasks and data streams equally. Then the proposed middleware is applied in a multi-core computer. Test and comparison results from mining massive PMU data verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed middleware technology in algorithm strategy and real-time requirement. Keywords-PMU data; light-eight middlerware; sampling parallel mining; round robin allocation algorithm


Aims: To determine if the ubiquitous herpes virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), could be involved in a large and unexplained increase in all-cause mortality in England and Wales in 2012, and more specifically if this involvement was via a respiratory etiology. Study Design: Analysis of respiratory system cause of death in England and Wales and of respiratory system emergency hospital admissions in England. Place and Duration of Study: Cause of death statistics with primary respiratory system involvement in England and Wales in 2011 and 2012. Trends in emergency hospital admissions in England where there is a respiratory system primary diagnosis over the period 2000/01 to 2012/13. Methodology: Respiratory diagnoses which show a statistically significant increase as cause of death in 2012 were identified, as were diagnoses showing a statistically significant increase as the primary cause of an emergency hospital admission in 2012/13. These diagnoses were then compared with medical case studies for hospitalization and death due to CMV. Results: Deaths in England and Wales showed a sudden and unexplained increase in early 2012 which continued for 18 months before abating. The increase was equivalent to a large influenza epidemic, although higher levels attributable to influenza were absent. The increase was age and gender specific, and highest among those with neurodegenerative diseases (+15%); however, due to the way in which the primary Original Research Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(33): 5193-5217, 2014 5194 cause of death is coded the role of respiratory diseases as the trigger for decease can be obscured. The next highest increase was for respiratory conditions, the most notable for bronchiectasis (+19%), asthma (female +14%), lung diseases due to external agents (+12%), interstitial pulmonary diseases (female +12%), chronic pulmonary disease (+7%) and a range of other conditions with >4% increases. After adjusting for the way in which deaths in the dementia group are coded the increase due to pneumonia rises to +8% for males and +15% for females. For the whole of the respiratory group augmented with the dementia group the increase in deaths was specific to those aged over 65 (average for 65+ of male +8.3%, female + 8.7%) with a peak at 90-94 (male + 15%, female + 17%). A corresponding large increase in respiratory admissions accompanies the increase in deaths. Given that the increase in admissions and deaths moved across England and Wales in a time-based spread, indicative of an infectious agent, with spurts of rapid local spread compatible with respiratory transmission, the increase in respiratory deaths were examined to see if the nature of any putative infectious agent could be discerned. There was a striking match with the known clinical effects of CMV. Conclusion: In an aged population lifelong exposure to the immune erosive effects of CMV presents the potential for the emergence of diseases reliant on immune impairment for their modus operandi. The lung is a primary reservoir for permanent CMV infection in humans and conditions/diagnoses showing a large increase in both death and hospital admissions in 2012 are all potentially CMV-mediated. In view of the very large increase in death for particular respiratory diagnoses further research is urgently required.


Usually changes in remote sensing images go along with the appearance or disappearance of some edges. In addition, pixels located along the edges are likely to weakly influenced by its neighborhood pixels, while pixels located far from the edges commonly have a tightly correlation among them. In this paper, we propose a novel change detection technique based on adaptive Markov Random Fields (MRFs) for high resolution satellite images with combined color and texture features. The technique is composed of two main steps: (1) the input images are marked with different region indexes by the combined color and edge features; (2) change maps are obtained under the MRF framework with alterable order of neighborhood and variable smooth weight coefficient controlled by the index map. The main contribution of this paper is that the spatial-contextual information included in the remote sensing imagery is correctly and adaptively exploited under an adaptive MRF framework. Experiments results obtained on a set of remote sensing imagery confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


1. Microsporogenesis of Hypericum punctatum is interesting for the following reasons: (a) The chromosomes fail to pair at "diakinesis," and instead become fastened end-to-end in a chain: (b) at the first metaphase the chromosomes tend to separate so that the alternating members pass to opposite poles; (c) often irregularities occur so that the chromosome complements, at the time of the second metaphase, instead of having the usual haploid number of eight have seven and nine; (d) during the first division, chromosomes may lag and be lost from the spindle; (e) extra nuclei may be formed; (f) at interkinesis the chromosomes split longitudinally in the usual manner, and separate at the second anaphase; (g) during second division the extra chromosomes may form their own spindle and divide; (h) sometimes small abortive pollen grains are present; (i) at maturity nearly one-half of the pollen grains are morphologically sterile. 2. Megasporogenesis shows the same tendency to chain formation and to alternation of chromosomes at the first metaphase as found in microsporogenesis. 3. Meiosis in general is very similar to that found by Cleland and others in certain Oenothera species. 4. The question of parasynapsis versus telosynapsis is discussed. 5. The general cytological situation closely resembles that found in many natural hybrids, but external characteristics are different from those of any other species of the New England region.


Vision-based Automated Vehicle Recognition (VAVR) has attracted considerable attention recently. Particularly given the reliance on emerging deep learning methods, which have powerful feature extraction and pattern learning abilities, vehicle recognition has made significant progress. VAVR is an essential part of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The VAVR system can fast and accurately locate a target vehicle, which significantly helps improve regional security. A comprehensive VAVR system contains three components: Vehicle Detection (VD), Vehicle Make and Model Recognition (VMMR), and Vehicle Re-identification (VRe-ID). These components perform coarse-to-fine recognition tasks in three steps. In this article, we conduct a thorough review and comparison of the state-of-the-art deep learning--based models proposed for VAVR. We present a detailed introduction to different vehicle recognition datasets used for a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed models. We also critically discuss the major challenges and future research trends involved in each task. Finally, we summarize the characteristics of the methods for each task. Our comprehensive model analysis will help researchers that are interested in VD, VMMR, and VRe-ID and provide them with possible directions to solve current challenges and further improve the performance and robustness of models.


e12 | www.epidem.com © 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Following Influenza Vaccine Indoor data would be of particular value for the common epidemiologic time-series studies that compare daily morbidity or mortality numbers with daily temperatures.2 An indoor temperature estimate with less measurement error would likely strengthen the established risks of cold and hot temperatures. Indoor temperature should be a more sensitive measure for coldand heat-warning systems,3 possibly providing warnings that are more timely and more accurate, especially during disruptions such as power cuts. The number of monitors needed would depend on the variability in indoor temperature and the desired accuracy. If the standard deviation of indoor temperature was 4°C (based on Bøkenes et al)4 and we wanted to estimate the mean indoor temperature with a margin of error of ±0.5°C using a 95% confidence interval, then we would need around 250 monitors. A wider margin of error of ±1°C would need only 64 monitors. Given the wide variability in people's activity, an indoor network is unlikely to be useful for all populations. It may not add value in cities where indoor temperatures are generally well controlled, and it would have less value during low-risk periods in spring and fall. Previous examinations of the many available combinations of outdoor temperature and humidity (including apparent temperature, the Humidex, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature) have failed to find a universal measure that best predicts risk in all locations.5 Even in the same city, the best measure often changes from year to year.6 This failure could be due to measurement error because of the use of outdoor temperature as a proxy for the potentially more important exposure of indoor temperature. The last iota of variance has been wrung from outdoor temperature and humidity. If we want better predictions of health and timely public health warnings based on temperature, then we need to move behind closed doors.


For a class of non-selfadjoint semiclassical pseudodifferential operators with double characteristics, with a leading symbol with a non-negative real part, we study bounds for resolvents and estimates for low lying eigenvalues. Specifically, assuming that the quadratic approximations of the principal symbol of the operator along the double characteristics enjoy a partial ellipticity property along a suitable subspace of the phase space, namely their singular spaces, we establish semiclassical hypoelliptic a priori estimates with a loss of the full power of the semiclassical parameter giving a localization for the low lying spectral values of the operator.


This study presents quantitative and qualitative insights into the time scale dependencies of hydrological parameters, predictions and their uncertainties, and examines the impact of the time resolution of the calibration data on the identifiable system complexity. Data from an experimental basin (Weierbach, Luxembourg) is used to analyze four conceptual models of varying complexity, over time scales of 30 min to 3 days, using several combinations of numerical implementations and inference equations. Large spurious time scale trends arise in the parameter estimates when unreliable time‐stepping approximations are employed and/or when the heteroscedasticity of the model residual errors is ignored. Conversely, the use of robust numerics and more adequate (albeit still clearly imperfect) likelihood functions markedly stabilizes and, in many cases, reduces the time scale dependencies and improves the identifiability of increasingly complex model structures. Parameters describing slow flow remained essentially constant over the range of subhourly to daily scales considered here, while parameters describing quick flow converged toward increasingly precise and stable estimates as the data resolution approached the characteristic time scale of these faster processes. These results are consistent with theoretical expectations based on numerical error analysis and data‐averaging considerations. Additional diagnostics confirmed the improved ability of the more complex models to reproduce distinct signatures in the observed data. More broadly, this study provides insights into the information content of hydrological data and, by advocating careful attention to robust numericostatistical analysis and stringent process‐oriented diagnostics, furthers the utilization of dense‐resolution data and experimental insights to advance hypothesis‐based hydrological modeling at the catchment scale.


Studying isolation technique with DEAE amylum the method was found to be suitable for isolation of alpha-amylase. After determination of optimal conditions sorption curves were illustrated, from which the amount of DEAE amylum needed for 100% enzyme sorption from solutions of various activity and origin can be calculated. Preparation obtained shows high temperature stability and can be used in food industry and agriculture or after its elution in pharmacy. At the end of the paper laboratory isolation technique is described.


Abstract : Email addresses extracted from secondary storage devices are important to a forensic analyst when conducting an investigation. They can provide insight into the users social network and help identify other potential persons of interest. However, a large portion of the email addresses from any given device are artifacts of installed software and are of no interest to the analyst. We propose a method for discovering relevant email addresses by creating graphs consisting of extracted email addresses along with their byte-offset location in storage. We compute certain global attributes of these graphs to construct feature vectors, which we use to classify graphs into useful and not useful categories. This process filters out the majority of uninteresting email addresses. We show that using the network topological measures on the dataset tested, Nave Bayes and SVM were successful in identifying 100% and 95:5%, respectively, of all graphs that contained useful email addresses both with areas under the curve above :97 and F1 scores at :80 and :90 for Nave Bayes and SVM, respectively. Our results show that using network science metrics as attributes to classify graphs of email addresses based on the graphs topology could be an effective and efficient tool for automatically delivering evidence to an analyst.


Describes nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleotide analogs, methods for their synthesis and methods of treating diseases and / or conditions, such as a viral infection caused by a virus Coronaviridae, virus Togaviridae, virus Hepeviridae and / or virus Bunyaviridae, via one or more nucleosides, nucleotides and analogues nucleotides.


The characteristic of copula is non strict on certain distribution assumptions, can explain nonlinier relationship, and easily construct distribution through the marginals that do not need to come from the same distribution family. Copula will be useful for stock data that has price charts fluctuate rapidly and risk will always follow in investing. The relation between risk and copula in this study is to calculate the risk value in the stock portfolio using VaR with the generation of Monte Carlo simulation through Clayton copula on four companies engaged in telecommunications sector, namely EXCL.JK (PT XL Axiata Tbk), TLKM.JK (PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk), TOWR.JK (PT Sarana Menara Nusantara Tbk), and TBIG.JK (PT Tower Bersama Infrastructure Tbk) for period 2 January 2020 to 31 December 2021. This study resulted that the selected stock portfolios are EXCL and TBIG which had the highest risk value of -0,062741 at 99% confidence level, so when an investor will invest Rp100.000.000,00 the maximum estimated risk is Rp.6.274.100 within one day.


vaccinations in adults: a lost opportunity? Kristina J. St. Clair, DO, MTM&H; Tahaniyat Lalani, MBBS, MHS; Edward Grant, MPH; Mark D. Johnson, MD; David R. Tribble, MD, Dr PH; Jason Maguire, MD MPH; Jamie Fraser, MPH; Timothy Burgess, MD, MPH; Mark Riddle, MD, Dr PH; Ryan Maves, MD; Robert Deiss, MD; Timothy Whitman, DO; Philip Coyne, MD, MSPH; Anuradha Ganesan, MD; Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; NMRC, Silver Spring, MD; Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA; National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD


Climate change is causing the timing of key behaviors (i.e., phenology) to shift differently across trophic levels and among some interacting organisms (e.g., plants and pollinators, predators and prey), suggesting that interactions among species are being disrupted (1, 2). Studying the phenology of interactions, however, is difficult, which has limited researchers' ability to zero in on changes in specific interactions or on the consequences of mismatches. In PNAS, Hassall et al. (3) use a combination of citizen science techniques to investigate the effects of climate change on dozens of specific interactions. They focus on a Batesian mimicry complex involving stinging bees and wasps, stingless syrphid flies (also known as hoverflies) that mimic their appearance, and avian predators. The methods used by Hassall et al. (3) continue an upsurge of innovations in climate change ecology research, in which the role of citizen science is expanding to provide new approaches to complex challenges.

Citizen science (i.e., the participation of nonspecialists in scientific research) has yielded important contributions throughout the history of ecology (4). Our understanding of ecological and phenological responses to climate change, in particular, has benefited from long-term observations collected by individuals and networks, like those of naturalists Henry David Thoreau and Robert Marsham (5, 6) and historical phenology and weather observation networks (7), and the ongoing insect monitoring schemes used by Hassall et al. (3). It is this type of citizen science—enthusiastic volunteers collecting and submitting field observations—that many people imagine when they think of citizen science in ecology. In fact, the amount of data being generated from these types of observations is staggering; citizen scientists have recorded hundreds of millions of observations, yielding much of the existing data describing how flowering, bird migration, and insect flight times are changing (8⇓–10). These observations, as many …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: abe_miller-rushing{at}nps.gov.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof in which: R0 is halogen, C1 - 6 alkoxy C1 - 6 alkoxy C1 - 6 alkyl substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, or O (CH2) nNR4R5; R1 and R2 are independently selected from H, C1 - 6 alkyl C1 - 6 alkyl substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, C1 - 6 hydroxyalkyl C1 - 6 alkyl S C1 - 6, C (O) H, C (O) C1 - 6, C1 - 6 alkylsulfonyl, C1 - 6 alkyl substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, O (CH2) nCO2alquilo C1 - 6, O (CH2) nSalquilo C1 - 6, (CH2) nNR4R5; (CH2) nSalquilo C1 - 6 or C (O) NR4R5; with the proviso that when R0 is at the 4 position and is halogen, at least one of R1 and R2 is C1 - 6 alkylsulfonyl, C1 - 6 alkyl substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, O (CH2) nCO2alquilo C1 - 6, O (CH2) nSalquilo C1 - 6, (CH2) nNR4R5 or (CH2) nSalquilo C1 - 6, C (O) NR4R5; R3 is C1 - 6 or NH2; R4 and R5 are independently selected from H or C1 -6 or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached alkyl, form a saturated ring of 4 to 8 members; n is 1 to 4 in combination with an inhibitor of the release, or action, of tumor necrosis factor to, in admixture with one or more physiologically acceptable carriers or excipients.


Abstract. Lidar and sun-photometer measurements were performed intensively over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) during the eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano (Iceland) in April–May 2010. The volcanic plume reached all the IP stations for the first time on 5 May 2010. A thorough study of the event was conducted for the period 5–8 May. Firstly, the spatial and temporal evolution of the plume was described by means of lidar and sun-photometer measurements supported with backtrajectories. The volcanic aerosol layers observed over the IP were rather thin ( −3 during the whole event.


N ovember 2001 marked the 40 th anniversary of the founding of the American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging (AAHSA i. During a four-day meeting in 1961, 99 far-sight ed women and men joined together to create a national organization that would be guided by the highest ideals of care for the oldest members of our society. What a foundation they laid! From a charter membership of 250, AAHSA has grown to comprise more than 5,600 not-for-profit nursing homes, continuing care facilities, retirement communities, assisted living and senior housing facilities, and community service organizations. Each day AAHSA members serve more than 1,000,000 older persons.


People are using the Internet more frequently to form friendships and romances and to initiate affairs. In the present article, the authors provide a critical review of the literature on Internet infidelity. The authors examine articles that focus on the definition of Internet infidelity, attitudes toward it, factors contributing to it, treatment, and/or any information about the impact of Internet infidelity on couples and families. The authors discuss the evolving use of the computer in sexual interactions and briefly summarize and critique the existing treatment methods. Recommendations for future directions in theory, research, and practice are presented.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for finding the UPnP device using the resource information, and how to find the device is a multicast search message including the resource request information that requests the resources to the device to the network according to the invention , receives at least one response message to the search message, by discovering a device that meets the resource request information based on the received response message, and allows the discovery phase to obtain the information available in the resource, so that the search and avoid the trial and error on the control, it is possible to prevent unnecessary waste of resources, such as network traffic, thereby improving the efficiency of the communication protocol. UPnP, search, resources, the control point, the controlled device


In this work the lattice Boltzmann method was adopted to simulate the flow past a finite cylinder which is mounted on a wall. The Reynolds number based on the height of the cylinder is ranging from 10 to 160. The effect of the Reynolds number on the flow pattern as well as the drag and lift coefficient of the cylinder was discussed. Results show that the flow becomes unsteady when the Reynolds number is larger than 60. Moreover, the flow pattern becomes more complex for larger Reynolds number.


We present a novel nonlinear phase macromodel based technique for quickly and accurately predicting super harmonic injection locking (SHIL) in injection-locked frequency dividing (ILFD) oscillators and PLLs. Our approach is useful for both hand analysis and fast/accurate simulation. We derive an analytical phase slope and periodicity based criterion for detecting SHIL from macromodel simulations and present an insightful way of understanding SHIL phenomena using phase macromodels. We present detailed examples of the new technique and validate our results against full SPICE-level simulation, obtaining speedups of 150-200times


A discussion of the imported early medieval E ware and Roman pottery, and early medieval metalworking debris including pin and brooch moulds and crusibles, from the putative royal site of Trusty's Hill, Galloway, Scotland.


Automatic keyword labelling methods generate a set of short phrases for a given document providing a short and good description of its content. Those labels are critical in tasks such as exploratory search and for improving the information discovery experience. This paper presents a novel keyword labelling model based on text-to-text transfer transformers (T5). We train a T5 model to generate keywords from academic documents content. We name this model docT5keywords . We compare our proposal with the state-of-the-art EmbedRank model, based on Sent2Vec embeddings and even with the keywords manually assigned by the author for representing their writings. Our proposal does not merely extract fragments of the texts but also may produce unseen labels. We commonly refer to these models as creative models. Classical evaluation based on matching against a set of golden truth labels extracted from the texts is not the best alternative when examining the performance of creative methods. Therefore, we also present an alternative user-based evaluation methodology for creative keyword generation models. In our user study, we examine the performance of the tested models using four expert assessors while analysing the assessor agreement and the correlation with the classical offline evaluation methodologies.


This paper proposes a sixth-order substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) wideband filter for 5G millimeter wave application. By using a pair of perturbation vias, the traditional single-mode cavity with $\mathbf{TE}_{102}$ mode has become a dual-mode cavity with $\mathbf{TE}_{102}$ and $\mathbf{TE}_{101}$ mode. Two common single-mode cavities and corresponding dual-mode cavities are responsible for the upper and lower half of the passband respectively. Finally, a quasi-elliptic filter having passband frequencies of 24.25-27.5 GHz and a minimum insertion loss of about 1.05 dB is simulated and designed.


Recent distribution maps show raccoon as occupying only the extreme eastern-northeastern portion of Wyoming. However, there is substantial evidence that raccoon are common throughout Wyoming and currently inhabit all the major and many of the minor drainages throughout Wyoming. The distribution of the raccoon, Procyon lotor, has changed rather dramatically in the past few years in Wyoming. Long (1965) recorded that it was present in only five eastem and northeastern counties of Wyoming in 1965. In more recent years, however, evidence has accumulated suggesting that raccoon range is on the increase in the state. Hoffmann, Wright, and Newby (1969) described several localities in adjoining Montana from which raccoon had been taken. Although Hall's (1981) summary showed nearby records in adjacent areas of Idaho, Utah, and Colorado, he also indicated no raccoon localities in central and western Wyoming. Clark, Saab, and Casey (1980) in their review of Wyoming mammal literature likewise presented no new citations on current raccoon distribution. Lotze and Anderson (1979) presented no range extensions. Dale Weston, a rancher in rural Sage (20 miles south, 2 miles west, Cokeville), Lincoln Co., trapped a raccoon during the winter of 1980-1981. He communicated instances of road kills and had knowledge of trappers who had taken raccoon locally. Upon further inquiry, including written and verbal communication with several fur dealers in western and central Wyoming, we found that the raccoon is presently a common mammal throughout the state and has been for some time, especially the past 5 to 15 years. Matt Failoni, a fur buyer from Kemmerer, Lincoln Co., stated that he had purchased 51 raccoon pelts around the Kemmerer area in the past five years. James Cook, a fur dealer in Evanston, Uintah Co., had purchased approximately 20 raccoon each year for the past five years. Recently, Charles Neely, a fur buyer and trapper from Pinedale, Sublette Co., personally trapped 12 raccoon. Due to the paucity of trappers in that area, fewer raccoon have been taken than might otherwise be expected. Beaver trappers occasionally have taken raccoon, but, due to the reduced prices of pelts, fewer beaver traps have been set. Mr. Neely recounted that although few local Pinedale residents raise chickens, every one has called him and complained about raccoon harassment. Mr. Neely further said that his uncle trapped a raccoon locally 30-35 years ago, but in only the past five or so years have numbers of animals increased appreciably. He estimated that extant distribution of raccoon averages one for every three to four miles of creek and river bottom, a total of 30 to 40 raccoons within a 20 mile radius of Pinedale. Mr. Neely suggested that raccoons might have immigrated into the Pinedale area from the south up the Green River drainage system. Jake Korell, Riverton, Fremont Co., purchased approximately 300 raccoon pelts during the 1981-1982 season and an average of 450 for each of the previous five years, or a total of about 2000 animals. Mr. Korell stated that 46 years ago there were no raccoon in the Riverton area, that they first appeared about 30 years ago. He suggested that contemporary local populations originated both from accidental liberation of pet raccoons by a Missouri family and also from immigration of wild raccoon up local drainage systems. 'Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Northern State College, Aberdeen, South Dakota 57401.


A Musculoskeletal Model-based Assistance-As-Needed Paradigm for Assistive Robotics Robotic systems which operate collaboratively with their human operators to provide assistance are becoming reality, and many different paradigms for administering this assistance have been developed. A promising paradigm is Assistance-As-Needed, which aims to provide physical assistance specific to the individual requirements of the operator. This requires that the needs of the operator be determined, which is challenging as they depend on both the task being performed, and the capability of the operator to perform it. Current solutions use performance-based methods which critique the operator from observations obtained during tasks, and then adapt assistance based on how they performed. This approach has shown success in applications such as robotic rehabilitation. However, empirical performance-based methods have inherent limitations, primarily due to the numerous observations required before the operator's assistance needs can be determined. The ideal Assistance-As-Needed paradigm should be able to determine the operator's assistance requirements without prior observations, and with respect to arbitrary tasks. This thesis presents a novel Assistance-As-Needed paradigm using models to estimate the assistance needs of the human operator. An optimisation model is developed which utilises a publicly available musculoskeletal model representing the human upper limb to estimate their strength, which is compared to the strength required by the task being performed to gauge their assistance requirements. An advantage of this model-based


Hewlett Packard's Systems VLSI Lab has been using Test Driven Development (TDD) best–practices to develop software in their custom SystemC-based verification environment for several years. Software component quality and development times have both improved with the addition of this framework. During our recent adoption of the UVM-e methodology, we wanted to maintain this TDD capability. The new UVM-e unit-test framework enables us to continue this valuable development process.


Global warming, growing awareness of the environment, waste management issues, dwindling fossil resources, and rising oil prices resulted to increase the research in the materials that are friendly to our health and environment. Due to these reasons, green products are increasingly being promoted for sustainable development. In this work, fully biodegradable green composites have been developed using jute fibers as reinforcement and poly lactic acid as matrix material by film stacking technique. The effect of curing temperature during development of composites ranging from 160 °C, 170 °C, 180 °C and 190 °C was investigated for various mechanical properties. Results obtained from various tests indicate that impact strength decreases with an increase in curing temperature, but tensile and flexural strength increases till 180 °C, thereafter both the properties decrease. This study gives an optimum curing temperature for the development of jute/PLA composites. Keywords—Natural fibers, polymer matrix composites, jute, compression molding, biodegradation.


The International Relations of Southeast Asia have been transformed drastically over the last few decades. The transformation can be attributed to the development of regionalism in the region, following the onset of ASEAN in 1967. Twenty-five years of political cooperation in ASEAN paved the formation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area in 1992. The upcoming ASEAN trade bloc has ushered the integration of the region in various other sectors – with regional security turning out to be the major beneficiary. Considering the fact that Southeast Asia is essentially a maritime region and the maritime space and strategic sea-lanes straddling the region determine the continued existence of these nations, it is pertinent to examine the impact of the regionalisation process on maritime security. The paper aims to highlight the contribution of regionalism towards a secured and stable Southeast Asia. It will examine the maritime cooperation in the region under the ASEAN umbrella.3


This work is an attempt to unveil the skeleton of anyon models. I present a construction to systematically generate anyon models. The construction uses a set of elementary pieces or fundamental anyon models, which constitute the building blocks to construct other, more complex, anyon models. A principle of assembly is established that dictates how to articulate the building blocks, setting out the global blueprint for the whole structure. Remarkably, the construction generates essentially all tabulated anyon models. Moreover, novel anyon models (non-tabulated, to my knowledge) arise. To embody the construction I develop a very physical, visual and intuitive lexicon. An anyon model corresponds to a system of bosons in a lattice. By varying the number of bosons and the number of lattice sites, towers of more and more complex anyon models are built up. It is a Boson-Lattice construction. A self-similar anatomy is revealed: an anyon model is a graph that is filled with bosons to engender a new graph that is again filled with bosons. And further, bosons curve the graph that the anyon model is: I disclose a geography in the space of anyon models, where one is born from another by deforming the geometry of space. I advance an alluring duality between anyon models and gravity.


Purpose, significance and potentialities of medical physics teaching for medical students are discussed. General physics and experimental physics courses are obligatory subjects in most Japanese medical schools. The elementaries of quantum mechanics and practical electronics are usually included in the subjects. In many medical schools, the rudiments of radiation physics are lectured as a part of the radiology. However, few medical schools have Departments of Medical Physics. Medical physics has rarely been included in the curriculum for medical students. In 1991, "The Official Requirements for the Inauguration of a College" has been fully revised for the purpose of generalization since it was issued in 1956. The revision was undertaken in accordance with the report submitted, in 1987, by "The Ad Hoc Committee on Education" to the Prime Minister. The new requirements provide broad policies for the curriculum of general education in an attempt to initiate the reformation of the college education. Under the new provision, universities and colleges are free to set up their curriculums from their own standpoints. The significance of the reformation is reviewed. Potentialities of modification from Physics to Medical Physics Departments and the purpose of medical physics education to medical studets in the reformation are also discussed.


This study aimed to describe the influence of peers, parents, and teachers to the superior students learning problems. The research subjects were the superior student in SMPN 4 Singaraja who were selected using purposive sampling technique (n = 7 students). Data on the influence of peers, parents, and teachers on superior students learning problems were excavated for 60 days through questionnaires and interviews. The research data were analyzed descriptively qualitative following Bogman data analysis step which consists of 3 stages, namely: Description, Reduction, and Selection. Based on the research result, the average of superior student relationship with peers, the relationship of students with parents, and the relationship of students with the teachers, give positive influence to the problems of students' learning (students-peers 75.87%, students -parents 62.91%, students-teachers 74.60%).


Both intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are the cutting-edge technologies for future wireless communications. In this letter, we examine the effectiveness of IRS in NOMA system with respect to transmit power consumption. Towards this end, the power minimization problem for IRS-aided downlink NOMA system is formulated, taking into consideration the constraint of each user's minimum signal-to-interference-ratio (SINR). To solve the joint power control and IRS phase shifts optimization problem, we first explore the relationship between individual user's transmit power and the variables of phase shifts. Then, we solve the phase shift determination problem via the sequential rotation algorithm. Numerical results show that our designed joint optimization algorithm can significantly reduce the required transmit power when compared with various benchmarking schemes.