Various features of solar-sector synchronous modulations of the particulate cosmic radiation reaching the earth's atmosphere have been studied using satellite and surface data. The flux in the broad maximum of the galactic cosmic-ray differential spectrum (near 1 GV rigidity) exhibits an intermittent north-south asymmetry in mid and high geomagnetic latitudes. This modulation exhibited a strong association with the geomagnetic disturbance index and interplanetary magnetic field direction during the 1964 and 1965 years of sunspot minimum. Such correlations are consistent with the predictions of a theory that attributes the north south asymmetry to reconnection of the interplanetary and geomagnetic fields. This finding is also consistent with suggestions that the solar-activity influence on atmospheric processes may be mediated by the resulting modulations of upper tropospheric ionization.


Significance
 This comes as COVID-19 has necessitated state support payments to Canadians, skewing the government's budget and spending priorities. Canada's military faces possible budget cuts at a time when Ottawa is attempting to modernise the military and maintain commitments to allies.

 Impacts
 Canada's military will struggle to modernise its equipment, much of which is becoming outdated.
 Military recruitment and morale could be negatively affected by budget cuts.
 Further COVID-19 spikes would further strain Canada's budget and increase its deficit.
 The military will be used to support the government's COVID-19 management.


A carbonate platform from the western margin of the Ionian Tethys has been investigated for biotic and geochemical variations across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary (TJB). The section of Mount Sparagio (north-western Sicily) exposes a peritidal succession of Rhaetian-Hettangian age with a thickness of about 400 m. The peritidal sediments are organized in metre-scale shallowing upward cycles formed by subtidal, intertidal and supratidal facies. Along the section, the subtidal facies vary from bioturbated mud/wackestones with rare mollusc shells, to Megalodont-rich wacke/packstones to, more rarely, coral bafflestones, most likely as response to variations of the accommodation space and water energy in the lagoon. The intertidal facies show planar stromatolites or loferites with fenestral fabric, while flat pebble conglomerates passing in turn to thick reddish or yellowish paleosols compose the supratidal facies.


There is a dearth of research regarding young children with high intellectual abilities, particularly research involving the direct observation of children in naturalistic settings. The current study examines 2 years of observations of young children (aged 37-71 months; n = 34) at an early childhood facility. The children were observed during the substantial periods of the day in which they were engaged in play at self-selected learning centers. The play was coded on levels of cognitive (non-play, functional, dramatic, constructive, and games with rules) and social (solitary, parallel, associative, and cooperative) play. Overall, the high ability children (n = 19) spent more time in functional, dramatic, and solitary play behaviors than typical children (n = 15). The high ability children also spent more time in literacy-based (library and writing) and arts-based (art and music) centers than the typical children. These findings indicate that the high ability children in this study were more likely to select centers independent of their peers.


The arid terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle is one of the most important parts of the global carbon cycle, but it is vulnerable to external disturbances. As the most direct factor affecting the carbon cycle, how land cover change affects vegetation carbon sources/sinks in arid terrestrial ecosystems remains unclear. In this study, we chose the arid region of northwest China (ARNWC) as the study area and used net ecosystem productivity (NEP) as an indicator of vegetation carbon source/sink. Subsequently, we described the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of vegetation carbon sources/sinks in the ARNWC from 2001–2018 by combining the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) and a soil microbial heterotrophic respiration (RH) model and assessed the effects of land cover change on them through modeling scenario design. We found that land cover change had an obvious positive impact on vegetation carbon sinks. Among them, the effect of land cover type conversion contributed to an increase in total NEP of approximately 1.77 Tg C (reaching 15.55% of the original value), and after simultaneously considering the effect of vegetation growth enhancement, it contributed to an increase in total NEP of approximately 14.75 Tg C (reaching 129.61% of the original value). For different land cover types, cropland consistently contributed the most to the increment of NEP, and the regeneration of young and middle-aged forests also led to a significant increase in forest carbon sinks. Thus, our findings provide a reference for assessing the effects of land cover change on vegetation carbon sinks, and they indicated that cropland expansion and anthropogenic management dominated the growth of vegetation carbon sequestration in the ARNWC, that afforestation also benefits the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems, and that attention should be paid to restoring and protecting native vegetation in forestland and grassland regions in the future.


There is an absence of literature about people with variations in sex characteristics in the UK. This leaves therapists ignorant of this client group. Since 2013, normalising genital surgery performed on babies born with developmental differences has been described as a human rights violation, and the psychosocial justifications for this surgery is now contested. This paper expands awareness so that psychotherapists will be better informed about the damage, both psychological and physical, which results from the pathologisation of those with what is also referred to as 'intersex' variations. Further it identifies how therapists can support this group. The paper presents the findings of a qualitative analysis of four interviews with clients identifying as LGBTIQ+ and intersex, focusing on their experiences of therapy. The findings demonstrate a significant mistrust of therapists and clinicians in general. They raise the possibilities that therapists may develop vicarious trauma, and that therapists' lack of knowledge prevents exploration at depth of these clients' gender, biology and sexuality. As a result of the imposition of normative sex and gender categories through institutional treatment practices, the bodily integrity and autonomy of this client group has been severely and repeatedly compromised. It is therefore vital that adequate therapy – and therapeutic training – is provided.


The present invention relates to a pharmacokinetic-based design and selection tool (PK tool) and methods for predicting absorption of an administered compound of interest. The methods utilize the tool, and optionally a separately operable component or subsystem thereof. The PK tool includes as computer-readable components: (1) input/output system; (2) physiologic-based simulation model of one or more segments of a mammalian system of interest having one or more physiological barriers to absorption that is based on the selected route of administration; and (3) simulation engine having a differential equation solver. The invention also provides methods for optimizing as well as enabling minimal input requirements a physiologic-based simulation model for predicting in vivo absorption, and optionally one or more additional properties, from either in vitro or in vivo data. The PK tool of the invention may be provided as a computer system, as an article of manufacture in the form of a computer-readable medium, or a computer program product and the like. Subsystems and individual components of the PK tool also can be utilized and adapted in a variety of disparate applications for predicting the fate of an administered compound. The PK tool and methods of the invention can be used to screen and design compound libraries, select and design drugs, as well as predict drug efficacy in mammals from in vitro and/or in vivo data of one or more compounds of interest. The PK tool and methods of the invention also finds use in selecting, designing, and preparing drug compounds, and multi-compound drugs and drug formulations (i.e., drug delivery system) for preparation of medicaments for use in treating mammalian disorders.


For 15 consecutive days, 200 cc of blood were collected, mixed with ozone gas, and reinfused into a retinitis pigmentosa patient. An arterial PO 2 blood gas and a 100 Hue Farnsworth Color Perception test were performed before and after ozone administration. An increase in the PO 2 level and enhanced quality of color vision was documented. Duration of effect is estimated at four to six months. IV administration of ozone at four- to six-month intervals appears to be an effective therapy to enhance visual capabilities in RP patients.


Health is not a health ansich, since it is contextual, as society defines health differently, at least by four aspects : cultural pattern, cultural standard of health changes over time, technology affecting people's health, social inequality affecting people's health. Poor and wealthy countries have their own specific health's issues. In poor countries, health problem are mostly famine, malaria, cholera/diaries, skin disease and infection. Health problems are mostly caused by bad environment, dirty water and bad sanitation. Health problems in rich countries, especially in the US, are mostly heart attack stroke, and obesity. There are two approaches of health social policy : the prevention and the cure. The prevention is sometimes called as the social well-being policy with objective to increase people's health condition. Other understanding of prevention is social work, which has broader meaning that social life does not only refer to health. While the cure is commonly understood as "social health care system", as noted by Johnson and Schwartz defined as system generally responsible  for sickness and disability. Why government shall develop health policy, create mechanism for health care, and manage health prevention ?". The first answer is that healthy society is an assurance for national productivity, and therefore competitiveness. The second answer is that healthy society generates additional disposable income. There is no single best way to develop health policy. There are many rooms and spaces to develop creative health policy.


Abstract Point-of-care ultrasound is modifying conducts in emergency care. The various medical specialties, in addition to traditional indications in cases of multiple trauma, are using this technique for rapid diagnosis at the bedside without patient mobilization and without radiation. Point-of-care ultrasound in neurocritical patients, through its transorbital window, can estimate the intracranial pressure by a non-invasive method. Through the measurement of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath 3 mm posterior to the retina, the intracranial pressure is estimated if the value of the diameter is > 5 mm, as it has been verified in other studies. The present article describes the most current data on this topic, and it also highlights the need for more multicentric and randomized trials to determine the correct cut-off points that represent the high sensibility and specificity of the method.


This research determined the correlation between the mindfulness, mental toughness, and motivation of 770 first yea r and second year college students and their sports involvement in one of the oldest private higher education institutions in the City of Manila. A researcher-made questionnaire was validated and pilot-tested prior to the conduct of the study. The results revealed that most of the respondents were 17 to 19 years old (75.06%) and they described their mindfulness in terms of attention and awareness as "Very High"; their mental toughness in terms of rebound ability, ability to handle pressure, concentration and confidence as "Very High"; their intrinsic motivation as "Very High"; their extrinsic motivation as "High"; their sports involvement in terms of power and performance as "High"; and their sports involvement in terms of pleasure and participation as "Very High." Keyword: college students; school; sports involvement


Global warming has been predicted to slow the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), resulting in significant regional climate impacts across the North Atlantic and beyond. Here, satellite observations of sea surface height (SSH) along with temperature, salinity and velocity from profiling floats are used to estimate changes in the northward‐flowing, upper limb of the AMOC at latitudes around 41°N. The 2004 through 2006 mean overturning is found to be 15.5 ± 2.4 Sv (106 m3/s) with somewhat smaller seasonal and interannual variability than at lower latitudes. There is no significant trend in overturning strength between 2002 and 2009. Altimeter data, however, suggest an increase of 2.6 Sv since 1993, consistent with North Atlantic warming during this same period. Despite significant seasonal to interannual fluctuations, these observations demonstrate that substantial slowing of the AMOC did not occur during the past 7 years and is unlikely to have occurred in the past 2 decades.


We calculate chargino production at a future linear collider, including full one-loop contributions in the MSSM with complex parameters. To achieve this, we require a comprehensive approach to renormalisation in the chargino and neutralino sector, for the case where parameters can be complex. Using the field renormalisation as developed in Refs. [1–3], we investigate the parameter renormalisation in the complex case. We also study the numerical role of the choice of renormalisation scheme as in Refs. [2, 3]. Finally we present new results showing the effect of the phases on the resulting cross section at NLO.


PURPOSE: To provide a dispensing device of a liquid used for medical care, e.g. a dialyzing fluid, a substitute liquid for blood filtration, or a concentrated liquid for dispensing these liquids, and provided with pure water sources and at least one cartridge or other containers storing the powder dissolved in water to dispense a desired liquid. CONSTITUTION: This device is provided with means 3, 16, 17, 18, 19 guiding water to a mixing container 21 and at least one or more cartridges 27-29 and a means 22 recirculating water or a half-dispensed liquid through the cartridges 27-29 until powder is completely or partially dissolved to obtain a proper concentrated liquid. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


ABSTRACT The three coupled oscillator model and its application to the explanation of optical-rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism of benzil crystal is discussed. The previously measured experimental data are approximated by the theoretical set of formulas provided by this model. The twelve-term formula, which was computed using our computer program, is derived from the interpretation of the optical-rotatory dispersion of benzil. Similarly, the circular-dichroism data are analyzed. Both the previously published experimental data and the latest measurements are used for this reason. The obtained results are compared and discussed with respect to the origin of the optical activity occurring in benzil crystal.


In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for minimizing the lock competition between threads in a multithreaded architecture, (a) the control thread for receiving a work (control thread), the plurality that receives and stores the operation information from the control thread of the work queue, and include, but each worker thread (worker thread) which corresponds to each of the work queue the plurality of the worker thread is the control in a multi-threaded architecture to perform the functions for processing a job that is passed from the work queue, If the thread is received a new task, the processor, the thread of control to cause the cost hold the lock (lock) the obtaining operation to put the job on a specific work queue to satisfy the predetermined condition of a plurality of work queues specific work queue When the steps of: to insert, and (b) the specific task queue is unlocked (unlock) to, the processor, the plurality of worker threads The method comprises the step of holding the group back lock for a particular worker thread the particular work queue corresponding to the particular job queue to obtain a job stored in the specific job queue is provided.


Confronted with the situation of profound crisis in which contemporary European culture finds itself, it is necessary, according to E. Husserl, to reflect upon the origins of this loss of meaning, a loss which is linked to a particular stance of the objective sciences that is utterly disjointed from the life-world. The article represents an attempt to ascertain the fundamental concerns that were present from the beginning of phenomenology in Husserl's thought vis-a-vis the sciences. Beginning with Husserl's initial interest in the foundation of the formal sciences, the article seeks to specify the problematic kernel of Husserl's debate with the sciences, centred on the concept of experience. By means of a transformation of meaning which occurs in the sphere of the world of experience, an avenue is opened up to the life-world, which reveals itself to be the foundation of the sciences, to which the latter must constantly be related. The crisis of the sciences will only be overcome through a return to the praxis of human responsibility as this is lived in connection with, and in the horizon of, the life-world.


This study proposes three different models of the quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) using the horizontal spring (QZS-HS), air piston (QZS-AP), and roller spring (QZS-RS) for the seat suspension of the vehicle to improve ride comfort. A dynamic model of the two-axle vehicle with the seat suspension added by the different QZS models has been established under the various excitations of the road surface. The design parameters of the different QZS models have been optimized to enhance the isolation efficiency and ride comfort. The indexes of the root mean square of the displacement (z_ws), acceleration (a_ws), and power spectral density acceleration (maximum PSD) of the driver's seat have been chosen to evaluate the vehicle's ride comfort and the isolation efficiency of three different QZS models. The results indicate that the seat suspension equipped with the different QZS models greatly improves the ride comfort in comparison with the seat suspension without the QZS. Also, the isolation efficiency of three different QZS models has been greatly affected by their design parameters. With the design parameters of the different QZS models optimized by the genetic algorithm, the stable value of the dimensionless restoring force of the optimal QZS-AP is lower than that of both the optimal QZS-HS and optimal QZS-RS. Particularly, under the random excitation of the road surface, the z_ws, a_ws, and maximum PSD have been greatly decreased by 41.4%, 73.8%, and 94.4% in comparison with the seat suspension without the QZS, respectively. Therefore, the optimal QZS-AP should be applied to enhance the driver's ride comfort and health.


Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had a worldwide spread since early 2020 and a lot of studies concerning the diagnostic and prognostic role of chest computed tomography (CT) on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been published. Renal involvement might be present in up to 75% of cases, significantly impacting on the prognosis. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of opportunistic kidney assessment on non-enhanced chest CT and to evaluate if radiological findings could be associated with relevant clinical information regarding kidney function and patient's prognosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHOD We collected data on patient demographics, comorbidities, chronic medications, vital signs, baseline laboratory test results and in-hospital treatment in patients with COVID-19 consecutively admitted to our Institution who underwent chest CT. The standard chest CT-scan acquired in full inspiration include large part of both kidneys as per protocol. Three regions of interest (ROI) of 0.5–0.7 cm2 were positioned in every kidney, right and left to include both the cortex and the medulla. The mean values of attenuation of kidney regions were analysed. The primary and secondary outcomes were the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI), in-hospital and 9 months of death for all causes. RESULTS A total of 86 patients with COVID-19 and unenhanced chest CT were analyzed splitting the cohort into CT renal parenchyma attenuation (RPA) quartiles. Patients with a CT RPA below 24 Hounsfield unit (HU) were more likely to develop AKI when compared with other patients (×2 = 2.77, P = .014). An AKI-specific cut-off point of RPA was identified by performing a survival receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. At multivariate logistic regression analysis, being in the first quartile of CT RPA was associated with a four-times higher risk of AKI (Table 1) after adjustment for age, gender, hypertension, kidney function at admission and other comorbidities. During a mean 22 ± 15 days of admission, 32 patients died (37.2%). Patients with lower values of RPA at CT (first quartile, <24 HU) were not at a higher risk of death compared with patients with RPA ≥ 24 HU, as shown by Kaplan Maier curve (Fig. 1) and by multivariate Cox regression analysis [HR 1.84 (95% CI 0.82–4.13); P = .14].Figure 1: Data patients, grouped by AKI situation (without AKI, AKI on arrival or AKI during admission). CONCLUSION The association between AKI and RPA < 24 HU was independent of age, gender, creatinine and comorbidities. RPA values seemed to be predictive of AKI development in COVID-19 patients who underwent chest CT, suggesting RPA values could significantly improve patients' care. The opportunistic measure of RPA could help physicians identifying patients with a higher risk of AKI, and this increased awareness could guide choices for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.


Public meetings are sites for democratic participation and deliberation on issues facing a municipality. In the North American context, the New England Town Hall meeting epitomizes this democratic ideal. Such meetings are a place where ordinary folks can get up on their feet, have their say, and possibly influence the town's decision. Not surprisingly, what transpires at public meetings often falls short of these ideals or mythos of democracy. The gap between the ideal and the realities of public meetings has led to calls for empirical studies of citizen participation and deliberation. A language and social interaction (LSI) approach seems especially well suited for studies of public meetings given the focus on talk as social action and interaction. This discursive turn to actual communicative practices as embodied in participants' discourse has been called "ordinary democracy."

Keywords:

citizenship;
empowerment;
language and social interaction;
political communication;
public participation


In through-the-wall imaging, the clutter, because of its great energy, has a great effect on the detection of targets behind walls. In this paper, assume that echo comprises three signals: background signal, noise and target signal. The first two are referred to as clutter. Statistical techniques, such as SVD, PCA and FA, are used to extract target information and suppress clutter. Meanwhile, the connection between these techniques is discussed theoretically, in order to understand the theory deeply and choose proper technique to achieve better clutter suppression performance. The SCR, as a conventional evaluation criterion, is used to demonstrate the suppression performance. For thorough testify the conclusion, two through-the-wall experiments, including plywood wall and concrete wall, are designed in anechoic chamber. The results confirm the conclusion in this paper.


In order to characterize the center-to-limb and latitudinal variation of the polarization of the He I 10830 Å line we observed the limb of the sun at several position angles using the Scatter-Free Observatory for Limb Active Regions and Coronae (SOLARC), an imaging spectropolarimeter located on the summit of Haleakala, Maui. The data were reduced and analyzed to produce profiles of the magnitude of the Stokes Q/I and U/I signals as a function of latitude and solar radius. Modeling of the observed profiles should allow us to detect whether the observed linear polarization signal is due entirely to scattering polarization or possibly includes absorptively polarized light transmitted through an optically pumped gas. Subject headings: Sun, Optical Pumping, He I 10830 Å, Spectropolarimetry


Introduction: There is a national trend in increasing cesarean section rates in Greece. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of cesarean sections per district of the Greek territory. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, the records of all births in Greece between 2019-2020 from the official archives of the Hellenic Statistical Authority were processed and analyzed. The NUTS-1 classification according to the EUROSTAT was used for the division of the Greek territory into districts. Based on this classification, Greece is divided into four major districts: Northern Greece, Central Greece, Attica and Aegean Islands-Crete. Results: In total, 169,417 births were recorded in Greece during the two-year period from 1/1/2019 to 31/12/2020. Of these, 55.79% were performed by cesarean section, 40.24% by vaginal delivery, 0.02% by a combination of vaginal delivery and cesarean section, while the mode of procedure was not reported in 3.95% of all deliveries. The highest frequency of cesarean sections was observed in Attica with a rate of 58.86%. The corresponding rates in the other districts were 55.50% (Aegean Islands and Crete), 53.55% (Northern Greece) and 51.49% (Central Greece). Notably, the mode of delivery was not reported in 13.75% of births in Central Greece, while the respective rates in the other districts ranged between 1.02% and 2.1%. Conclusions: The frequency of cesarean sections in Greece was high, with a rate of 55.79% of all births, during the study period. The district with the highest frequency of cesarean section was Attica, with a rate over 58%.


One of the major developments in the early Joseon period was a tremendous increase in the amount of land under cultivation. In the sixteenth century, there was also much effort to reclaim wasteland in inland regions, increasing the amount of farmland even further. There were several different methods of rice cultivation. The technique of rice transplantation involved planting seeds in seedbeds and then moving the seedlings to paddy fields. The advantage of rice transplantation was that it enabled both an increase in productivity and a decrease in the labor necessary for cultivation. In the Joseon period, people also consumed other kinds of 'rice' than white rice which was produced by polishing the harvested grain in mills. 'Gray rice' and 'yellow rice' were processed from other kinds of grains cultivated in dry fields. Patterns of land ownership changed over the course of the Joseon period. Keywords: dry fields; gray rice; Joseon period; rice transplantation; yellow rice


This article begins by discussing the specific industrial relations challenges of the highly competitive aviation industry. It then reflects on the outcome of the recent intense national debate over industrial relations, exploring the consequences of that debate for practice and policy, and discusses some key issues that remain in play. Although the Fair Work Act 2009 may have come about as a reaction to what many perceive as the 'excesses' of Work Choices, the new Act does not so much 'wind back the clock' as represent a significant new development in Australia's long and unique industrial relations history. This article will discuss the impact of the changes, to date, made by the Fair Work Act on one organization, including the expansion of the 'safety net', and how the new compromise between the role of the 'collective' and the role of the 'individual' struck by the Act has the potential to fundamentally change the nature and structure of bargaining. We offer these comments as practitioners who have worked under successive industrial relations regimes since the early 1980s.


Objective: To study the effect of cyclic tensile stress on condyle chondrocyte main extracellular matrix based on successful construction of in vitro mechanical stimulation models.Methods: The cyclic tensile stress was exposed to the third passage condyle chondrocyte for 1,6,12 and 24 hours respectively by using a Flexcell Strain Unit-5000T(10℅surface elongation,6 cycles/min).After mechanical loading,total RNA was extracted from the cells harvested from Six-well BioFlex flexible cell Petri Dish,and RT-PCR was performed to quantify mRNA levels for type Ⅱ collagen.Results: Compared with the control group(0h group),type Ⅱ collagen mRNA expression was increased after 1 h loading,but there were no significant differences between loading and control group;after 6h cyclic tensile stress,the expression of Col-II increased significantly(P0.05);after 12 and 24 h of loading,the expression for this cartilage-specific matrix protein reduced remarkably(P0.05).Conclusion: The result illustrated that a cyclical tensile stress stimuli can affect the main condylar cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis,Col-Ⅱ can be promoted during early loading,with extended matrix synthesis increased continue,afterwards,further extend the matrix synthesis will be inhibited.


The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize the effects of liver disease on certain aspects of tocopherol metabolism in man. Our interest in this problem was stimulated by the observation that chronic biliary fistula leads to vitamin E deficiency in experimental animals,'* * an effect thought to be the consequence of impaired tocopherol absorption. Although clinical evidence of vitamin E deficiency has not been recognized in man, a similar defect in absorption has been postulated to account for the low levels of plasma tocopherol found in liver disease.a* The subnormal rise in the plasma level following the administration of tocopherol in such casesS* would appear to lend support to this hypothesis. I t is obvious, however, that the plasma level reflects not only the rate of tocopherol absorption in the intestine, but also its rate of storage and utilization in the tissues. Unfortunately, little is known about these aspects of tocopherol metabolism in man, so that the significance of low plasma levels has remained obscure. However, recent evidence implicating tocopherol deficiency in the pathogenesis of experimental dietary hepatic necrosis6. 8 * has served to emphasize the possible importance of this problem. The following studies were undertaken, therefore, with the hope of shedding further light on the interrelationships between hepatic dysfunction and the absorption, utilization, and storage of tocopherol in liver disease.


• The bundle-branch and Purkinje-net system of the canine heart can be visualized by the application of iodine solution to the endocardial surface." The Purkinje-net fibers are distributed throughout most of the subendoeardial surface of the right ventricular wall. The conduction tissue is selectively stained light brown or dark blue, depending upon the iodine content of the solution. The bundle branch and Purkinje net form a continuous system of fibers that stain in an identical fashion. Iodine solutions have been found to cause immediate and permanent right bundlebranch block when applied to the endocardium overlying the bundle-branch tissue." The present experiment was undertaken with the assumption that conduction would be similarly blocked in the Purkinje tissue by the iodine staining reaction. The conduction defect produced by this procedure is described and compared to that of right bundle-branch block. Destruction of the Purkinje-net system was demonstrated by histological examination.


Objective To explore an effective approach for improving behavior problem of pupils.Methods Eighty-five pupils with behavior problem in 3 to 5 grade were divided into 2 groups:intervention group(n=45)and control group(n=40).The intervention group received psychological,family,school and educational therapies for 2 years.Results After 2 years follow-up,there were 75.56% pupils in the intervention group which had significant improvement,especially the sub-scores of CBCL(e.g.,schizoid,interpersonal difficulty,somatic complaints and obsessive-compulsive factors for boys,depressive and social withdraw for girls),which were significantly lowered in the intervention group than those of the control group.Conclusions The comprehensive intervention for pupils with behavior problem is an effective and practical management.


A retrospective, longitudinal, seroepidemiological study into the existence and transmission of influenza-like illness was conducted in 4 rural villages in Gambia, West Africa. The study involved screening of previously collected and stored sera for the presence of antibodies to the A/Hong Kong/68 virus. The serological and pilot procedures are described and all results graphed and tabulated. Findings indicate that transmission of the virus 1st occurred in these villages in late 1968 and early 1969. Reinfection of the same individuals was shown by increased subsequent antibody concentrations. Infants showed reduced prevalence and concentration of antibodies with advancing age when compared with maternal sera, indicating that their original antibodies had been acquired passively before birth rather than through active infection. The rapid rate of decline in prevalence and concentration of serum antibodies which occurred in all the villages after the 1st epidemic contrasts with results of similar tests among Caucasoid communities and requires further research.


This paper presents a power line communication (PLC) system based on M-K multipath channel model. We classify noises in PLC channel into four categories: white noise, colored noise, narrowband noise and impulse noise, and established a method of modeling these four types of noise in PLC channel. In order to reduce the channel fading caused by noise and interference in PLC, a mathematical description of maximal ratio combining (MRC) for diversity scheme is provided as well. Moreover, we validate the effectiveness of the MRC algorithm under different block size and modulation order through simulation, where the proposed channel model and noise model are applied.


Matrix product states can be defined as the family of quantum states that can be sequentially generated in a one-dimensional system [Schon et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 110503 (2005)]. We introduce a family of states that extends this definition to two dimensions. Like in matrix product states, expectation values of few body observables can be efficiently evaluated and, for the case of translationally invariant systems, the correlation functions decay exponentially with the distance. We show that such states are a subclass of projected entangled pair states and investigate their suitability for approximating the ground states of local Hamiltonians.


Gerald Flunder — a member of Arizona State University's football team — sustained a serious knee injury in 2008. Surgery was mildly successful, but symptoms of nerve damage persisted.


The study focused on influence of strategic planning on performance. The objectives were; to examine the existence of strategic plans and how they influence the performance of Non-Governmental Organizations, to establish the influence of setting objectives on organization growth and to assess the influence of budgetary allocations on organization growth. The target population was 350 who involved senior, middle and supervisory level management. A sample size of 186 respondents was selected from the categories. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The analyzed data was presented in form of frequency distribution tables. The findings indicated that decisions, direction and setting of objectives at One Acre Fund had a strong positive significance influence on strategic planning on performance of nongovernmental organizations.


Fast committee learning can, to some extent, achieve the generalisation advantages of a committee of neural networks, without the need for independent learning of the committee members. This is achieved by selecting committee members from time-slices of the learning trajectory of one neural network.


This study examines the dynamics of essential macro-nutrients for rice cultivation in acid sulfate soils ameliorated with composted oyster mushroom baglog waste. A single factor randomized block design (RBD) was used, and the factors studied include the compost dose of oyster mushroom baglog waste, which consists of 5 treatment levels, namely 0 t ha-1 (control), 5 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1, and 20 t ha-1. Furthermore, this study was carried out from May to September 2021 in the rice fields of the Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM), Sungai Rangas Village, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. The rice plants were cultivated using an intensification technique, and the compost was applied based on the research treatment for two weeks on prepared land before planting. Also, Bartlett's test was carried out before analysis of variance, which had a significant effect of P<0.05, and was further tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level. The results showed variations in the availability of macro-nutrients at five different growth stages: early planting, full vegetative, early panicle emergence, panicle filling, and harvesting phases. The highest levels of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NH3-) were found in the full vegetative stage, while early planting had the lowest. Also, there was an increase in the available phosphorus (P) from the early planting to the full vegetative stage. The increase in exchangeable potassium (K) occurred at the transition of these stages. These increasing nutrients were due to the addition of the compost. The higher the NH4+, NO3-, available P, and exchangeable K in acid sulfate soils, the more nitrogen (N), P, and K uptake in rice plants. The provision of the compost supplied N, P, and K in available forms and reduced the amount of soluble alumunium (Al) and iron (Fe). Thereby the plant roots absorb the nutrients optimally. Additionally, the compost increased the essential macro-nutrient availability and plant uptake using the rice intensification technique from early planting to harvest.

http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/resources/files/Pertanika PAPERS/JTAS Vol. 45 (3) Aug. 2022/02 JTAS-2397-2021.pdf


Positioning device for positioning the legs (9) of the poultry to be conveyed suspended by string (1), as well as bend the legs of poultry, bending apparatus for positioning (4), and still holding guide device (5) having. Bending device (4), the legs (9) of the poultry in the area of the knee joint (93), forming an insertion device for hanging the holding guide gap holding guide device (5) (51). For bending and lifting, by the driven pressure element for gripping the legs (9) of the poultry on one side of (940) with respect to the axis of the leg from below, to form a parallel positioning element (7). Each parallel positioning element (7), together with stationary locator element (6), to form a functional pair of positioning elements (6,7). One of the two positioning elements (6,7), engages the popliteal (95) of the legs (9) of the poultry, other positioning elements (6.2; 7.1) is, the front legs It is configured to abut the thigh (92) with (941). Along the holding guide gap (51) can be arranged processing stations (56). In the process for removing the thigh meat from the poultry leg in the conveyor carried by the column (9), the legs of the poultry, the first of said positioning device (1.1), the top side of the leg (950) to be induced in the transverse direction, in the second the positioning device (1.2), it is induced side of the patella (the 940) in the head in the axial direction with respect to the axis of the leg. Along a first stationary holding guide gap (51.1), to implement the cut at the side (942) after the front side (941) and the leg of the leg. Along the second stationary holding guide gap (51.2), carried cut in both sides (950) of the poultry leg and the thigh meat (922), push to the proximal end of the femur (921) . .FIELD 9A


Organic produce have of recent been among the positive outlook for health safety in bids to avoid the bad impact of synthetic insecticides to human and the environment. The use of non-chemical control measures has been practiced on sweetpotato weevils with uncertainty. Very often, farmers either do nothing or rely heavily on synthetic insecticides. Field experiments were conducted from 2015 to 2016 to assess the effectiveness of grass mulch in controlling sweetpotato weevils and millipede on sweetpotato tubers at TARI, Kibaha in Tanzania. Comparison was made with Dimethoate 40EC insecticide and a negative control treatment where no weevil management technique was applied. The treatments were tested on four popular and farmer preferred sweetpotato varieties; Ukerewe, Simama, Mataya and Kiegea established on naturally infested �elds. Obtained results suggested that the use of mulch signi�cantly (P < 0.05) increased sweetpotato yield (weight) and but did not reduce Cylas puncticollis infestation on roots. The in�uence of test varieties on C. puncticollis infestation were highly signi�cant (P < 0.005). The effect of dipping sweetpotato vines into Dimethoate 40EC against C. puncticollis and millipedes prior to planting was insigni�cant (P > 0.05). Conclusively, neither grass mulch nor Dimethoate 40EC insecticides may offer effective control of sweetpotato weevils in pest endemic areas.


(57) ABSTRACT A-influenza sub-unit vaccine is provided free from con taminants from A-influenza virus-containing allantoic fluid by a combination of selective membrane filtration and chemical splitting of the virus. The allantoic fluid first is freed of undesired particulate matter dimen sioned smaller and larger than the virus and also of undesired dissolved matter. The virus then is chemi cally treated to split off the HA and NA units. Thereaf ter, the residual virus body, undesired particulates of same particle size as the virus, and a surfactant used in the chemical treatment are eliminated by selective membrane filtration. The procedure is much less costly and simpler to effect than prior art procedures.


type="main"> The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is currently negotiating with its six trading partners to form a new trade agreement called the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). The RCEP intends to harmonise rules and regulations across multiple overlapping free trade agreements in the region, and thereby attract new members. However, it faces several challenges. The mention of a flexibility principle and the 'ASEAN Way' of decision-making has led many to believe that the RCEP will be yet another low-quality regional trade agreement. However, the RCEP presents all ASEAN members with the opportunity to take a role in setting the agenda for a region-wide agreement. Hence, despite its challenges, ASEAN must make the effort to reach an attractive RCEP vis-a-vis other competing regional agreements. Accordingly, this paper describes what the RCEP is intended to be, how it emerged, and the issues that might affect the agreement's final quality, in order to evaluate if it will establish a new paradigm or a repackaged version of ASEAN's existing trade agreements.


The Laptev Sea is a Siberian shelf sea and rather important for the Siberian river-run off to the Arctic, as well as in its function as "ice-factory" with sea ice formation rates above the amount of melting during the summer months. This study therefore mainly deals with the special characteristics of that region during the winter. Especially the analysis of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration below ice coverage and within dirty sea ice on the Laptev Sea Shelf is in focus. For SPM concentration in water and sea ice, water and sea ice samples as well as optical backscatter measurements have been carried out during German-Russian TRANSDRIFT winter expeditions to the Laptev Sea in April/May 2008, March/April 2009 and March/April 2012. Water samples were correlated to optical backscatter measurements in order to find a standardized correlation for the conversion of the backscatter data into SPM concentration in the water column during winter ice coverage. Additional scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements were carried out for two filtered water samples from different water depths and for filtered dirty sea ice samples in order to have a look on sediment properties which could give a hint on possible location of sea ice formation and sediment input processes.
Based on the different correlations it was possible to demonstrate that, compared to summer, during ice coverage in winter separated correlations need to be made for the water column above 10 m water depth and below 10 m water depth. The reason therefore could be found in the strong influence on the optical backscatter sensor by the algae bloom within the upper water layer below the sea ice in April and May. Especially the data of 2009 where no correlation could be made for the water layer above 10 m water depth demonstrated this influence. These findings were also supported by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements of the water sample filter in 2 m water depth of the TRANSDRIFT expedition in 2012 where microalgae, identified as chains of Amphiprora sp., were found. The pictures of the dirty sea ice filter gave clear hints on an ice formation within the nearshore area due to grain sizes of 5-10 μm, a typical suspended particulate matter grain size, as well as particles of up to 30 μm. These larger particles have to originate from the nearshore area with water depth of 5-10 m where currents are able to transport these grain sizes. The absence of grain sizes within the sand fraction is finally a clear hint for ice formation via frazil ice within the water column and not as anchor ice connected to the shelf.


We report a fatal case of suicide presenting with convulsions and subsequently multi-organ failure. Rodenticide poisoning was not suspected until the next day when tetramine was detected in the patient's blood, urine, and food residues. Tetramine is a potent rodenticide with a rapid action and high mortality. The poison has been banned worldwide but is still readily available in Mainland China. Outbreaks of poisoning are reported frequently and doctors should be alert for this lethal toxin.


This paper has emphasized the random behavior of university students in physical education and has analysed the reasons of the occurrence of the behavior and advised that we should get based on students's body building and health to actively adopt effective methods to lead students and improve students' enthusiasm and raise students' high attention to physical education to form the habit of lifelong accepting physical culture.


A review of the relevant literature on measurements of tobacco smoke con stituents in aircraft and other closed environments reveals that being seated in the non-smoking section of an aircraft does not provide effective protection against the involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke. In certain instances, smoke concentrations higher than the average level in the smoking section may be present. Particularly in the borderline area between the smoking and non smoking sections (ie, one to three rows in front of or behind a smoking section), levels may be equal to or above those in the smoking section. This is particularly the case where ventilation makes partial use of recirculated air. Pollutant concentrations from tobacco smoke aboard aircraft in smoking sec tions and the bordering non-smoking sections in part clearly exceed the levels in other indoor situations where smoking takes place. Levels in the non-smoking sections of aircraft (beyond the areas bordering smoking sections) are similar to those in homes where smoking takes place. In the majority of studies, health risks associated with passive smoking have been found in persons living in smokers' households.


We present Streamflow, a new multithreaded memory manager designed for low overhead, high-performance memory allocation while transparently favoring locality. Streamflow enables low over-head simultaneous allocation by multiple threads and adapts to sequential allocation at speeds comparable to that of custom sequential allocators. It favors the transparent exploitation of temporal and spatial object access locality, and reduces allocator-induced cache conflicts and false sharing, all using a unified design based on segregated heaps. Streamflow introduces an innovative design which uses only synchronization-free operations in the most common case of local allocations and deallocations, while requiring minimal, non-blocking synchronization in the less common case of remote deallocations. Spatial locality at the cache and page level is favoredby eliminating small objects headers, reducing allocator-induced conflicts via contiguous allocation of page blocks in physical memory, reducing allocator-induced false sharing by using segregated heaps and achieving better TLB performance and fewer page faults via the use of superpages. Combining these locality optimizations with the drastic reduction of synchronization and latency overhead allows Streamflow to perform comparably with optimized sequential allocators and outperform--on a shared-memory systemwith four two-way SMT processors--four state-of-the-art multi-processor allocators by sizeable margins in our experiments. The allocation-intensive sequential and parallel benchmarks used in our experiments represent a variety of behaviors, including mostly local object allocation-deallocation patterns and producer-consumer allocation-deallocation patterns.


This study aims to look at the effect of Audit Opinion, Auditor Reputation and Audit Delay on investment interests, especially among students. This study will use primary data obtained through a questionnaire distributed directly to respondents during face-to-face capital market school courses and also through Google forms distributed via email to respondents who did not attend capital market school courses in the even semester of the 2019 school year / 2020 as a research instrument. Data collected through the questionnaire will then be processed using quantitative methods. The population in this study are active students who have already or are investing. Of the total population that matches the predetermined criteria, 100 data will be taken as samples to be processed. The collected data will be analyzed using the multiple linear regression method with the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences application. Before the data was processed, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested and also the classic assumption test to see the effect of the three independent variables on investment interest as the dependent variable used in this study. The results of this study indicate that the Auditor's Reputation does not influence the students' interest to invest. While the Audit Opinion and Audit Delay examined in this study have an influence on student investment interests.


Objective
To analyze the prognosis and risk factors for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients on maintaining dialysis.

Methods
AAV patients on maintaining peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD) in First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University from June 2007 to June 2015 were included, and were followed up until death, kidney transplant, changed dialysis modalities or January 31, 2016. Patients were divided into PD group and HD group for comparison. Their survival rates and risk factors were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and COX regression model respectively.

Results
A total of 123 cases were chosen, with a median duration of dialysis for 854 (388, 1573) days, and with 88 cases (71.5%) on HD and 35 cases (28.5%) on PD. Fifty-two patients (42.3%) were more than 65 years old. At the median follow-up time of 36 months, 39 patients (31.7%) died. The main causes of death were cardiovascular events (30.8%) and infection (23.1%). COX regression analysis showed that patients older than 65 years old (HR=3.289, P= 0.001), with cardiovascular disease (HR=3.241, P=0.003) and interstitial pneumonia (HR=2.173, P= 0.048) at the dialysis onset were independent risk factors affecting survival.

Conclusions
Factors including age (older than 65 years), pre-dialysis cardiovascular disease and interstitial pneumonia were independent risk factors affecting survival of AAV patients on maintaining dialysis, then infections and cardiovascular events were the main causes of death.

Key words:
Antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic; Vasculitis; Peritoneal dialysis; Renal dialysis; Survival rate


Objectives In order to ensure the safety of centralized water supply,to effectively control waterborne infectious diseases,endemic diseases,tumors and any outbreaks of other water-borne diseases,and to provide technical support for the second waterworks in Lianshui County,the potential risks for source water were identified,analyzed and evaluated. Methods Hygienic status of water source and the prevalence of water-borne diseases on the site of the project were investigated. The quality of source water samples both in dry and wet seasons were collected and analyzed,relevant information were sorted and evaluated. Based on the Environment Quality Standards for Surface Water( GB 3838- 2002),a WQI index method was used to make a comprehensive assessment and grade the quality of source water to demonstrate the feasibility of the project. Results Based on the onsite investigation,water samples from areas,covering farm,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery,together with the influence of transportation,routine life of people and scientifically managed iatrogenic pollution around 10- kilometers upstream and 5- kilometers downstream of the water source,were collected and proved that no harmful effect on water quality. The quality of source water from the water intake was good generally,except fecal coliform bacteria and iron; the result of other indicators were in class I or class II,which meant that the source water in this site was qualified and basically met the requirement of hygienic standards and could be used as drinking water.Conclusion The project which designed to construct a water intake in this site as the source of urban drinking water was reasonable and feasible.


Generally, the position closed-loop control of stepper motors requires high-precision models, however stepper motors are complex nonlinear systems, and high-precision models are difficult to obtain. In order to solve this problem, a variable frequency controller based on hyperbolic tangent function is proposed. Similar to the proportional integral (PI) control method, this method does not require an exact model of the plant. The experimental results show that when tracking the sinusoidal signal ${180^ \circ }\sin (0.628t)$ , the tracking error of the Tanh control algorithm is reduced by nearly 60% compared with the PI control algorithm, which provides a new idea for the position closed-loop control of stepper motor.


We have used a small robot arm to study the use of neural networka as adaptive controller and neural emulators. Our objectives were to investigate nonlinear systems that are accompanied by large time delays. Such systems can be difficult to control, since delays in feedback loops often give rise to instabilities. We have trained neural network emulators to simulate the operation of this system using a database of dynamic stimulus-response. Conventional methods of indirect learning -back-propagating errors through the emulator -to train an inverse kinematic feedforward controller do not work for such systems. Instead, it is necessary to provide the controller with the capability to anticipate future target trajectories. We present an example of such a controller, its function and performance in our prototypical system.


Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well established, simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive diagnostic technique. Neck region of human body is relatively small area but houses a fairly large number of organs with a variety of lesions and consequently require from conservative to aggressive management protocols. Aims and objectives: To assess sensitivity and specificity or diagnostic value of FNAC of neck masses keeping histopathology as gold standard. Materials and Methods: Surgical biopsies or excisions from neck masses were received in fifty nine cases in which prior FNAC was done. The findings of histopathological study were correlated with the diagnosis given on FNAC. Further the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: Twenty eight aspirates were from lymph nodes, fourteen were from thyroid gland, thirteen were of salivary gland origin and four were others. Out of the Fifty nine cases the diagnosis of forty four (74.57%) was corroborated by histopathology. In fifteen (25.42%) cases the histopathological diagnosis was dissimilar to that of FNAC. The overall sensitivity of FNAC in the diagnosis of neck masses was calculated to be 83.01% and specificity was 78.94%. Sensitivity was highest (82.14%) for neck lymph nodes and lowest for thyroid masses (64.28%). Specificity was the highest for other neck masses (100%) and the lowest for neck nodes (71.2%). Conclusion: FNAC of neck masses is an effective diagnostic tool but its sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis in different organs should be kept in mind while creating a management protocol for the patient. [ Kapoor N NJIRM 2011; 2(4) : 26-28]


Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of the Euphorbia pseudocactus aerial parts, family Euphorbiaceae, resulted in the isolation of eight phenolic compounds for the first time from this species. Identification was carried out using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The isolated compounds were kaempferol (1) , ethyl gallate (2) , gallic acid (3) , astragalin (4) , astragalin-6″-gallate (5) , nicotiflorin (6) , ellagic acid (7) , and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose (8) . The colorectal cytotoxic activity of the isolated phenolic compounds against the LS-174T and LS-513 (cecum) cell lines was tested using the sulforhodamine B assay. The results revealed that gallic acid possessed colorectal cytotoxic activity with IC 50 values of 18.27 and 50.11 µg/ml against the LS-174T and LS-513 cell lines, respectively, while ethyl gallate possessed cytotoxic activity with IC 50 value of 25.42 µg/ml against the LS-174T cell line. The results of the other phenolic compounds showed nonsignificant anticancer activity. These findings recommend gallic acid as an anticancer lead compound.


When we shop are we exercising our freedom? Or are we more like prisoners exercising in the yard under supervision? Is the consumer market a realm of democracy, or of oligarchy that subordinates us to it - even as it researches our desires which themselves are the often the projection of ever more advanced marketing techniques? Neal Lawson of Compass launched an assault on the way we shop last year in a Penguin you can see here (but you still have to buy it): All Consuming [8]. A critical review was published in Chartist by Mica Nava [9] in November to which Neal has replied [10]. It's great to see an exchange about consumerism and citizenship - and here it is.


Acquisition,pointing and tracking(APT)is the key technology in free space laser communication with the characteristics of high precision and large bandwidth.The principles of APT system are introduced,and the mathematic models are given.With Simulink language,a dynamic simulation of APT is realized in satellite laser communication.An intersatellite laser communication compound axis APT experimental system is designed,through which the effective restraining bandwidth of 200~300Hz is gotten,and the vibration remanent is 1.2μrad after the coarse and fine restraining.The data got from this experiment agree with the theories;it ensures the design and reliability of the system and supports the development of free space laser communication theoretically.


The various strategies and schemes of groundwater control are proposed and recommended for various strata and types of groundwater encountered in deep foundation pits located in 1st terrace near Yangtze River in Wuhan City based on the engineering experience in recent fifteen years.For the confined water in this terrace,the deep well is believed to be the most effective method.


Dephosphorylation of p-nitrophenyl diphenylphosphate (pNPDPP) by OH− in aqueous cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (CTAOH) is inhibited by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuO2H), which reduces the binding of OH−, and whose anion is a relatively ineffective nucleophile. Reaction is faster in microemulsions of CTACl, n-octane and OH−, with t-BuO2H as cosurfactant, than in otherwise similar microemulsions with t-butyl alcohol as cosurfactant. Dephosphorylation by m-chloroperoxybenzoate ion is slower in microemulsions of cetyltrimethylammonium mesylate or benzenesulfonate, with n-octane and tert-butyl alcohol, than in cationic micelles, but a wide range of concentrations can be examined. The reaction rates qualitatively follow the concentration of peroxy acid relative to surfactant, and inert anions slow the reaction. Dephosphorylation by peroxyphthalate dianion in micelles of CTACl fits a pseudophase kinetic model, except in very dilute surfactant where reaction is faster than predicted.


The Achievement of organizational goals,depends on the discipline of work,supported by the best morale and high a rousal that is the basisof success or failure of organizational purpose. The Employee discipline is strongly influenced by the ability to communicate between each element, because the discipline is closely related to the delivery of rules and sanctions that is accompanied by aprocess of coaching and supervision. This means, The delivery process that is not accompanied by the ability to communicate will result in not maximal achieved objectives. The purpose of this research is to determine whether there is a significant effect of communication on employee discipline PT. Jamsostek (Persero) Bandar Lampung. The Research used two variables, the independent variable (X) is the communication variables and the dependent variable(Y) is the discipline of work. From data analysis to prove the hypothesis, researcher found an answer that There is significant. relationship between communication variables (X) on employee discipline(Y) in PT. Jamsostek (Persero) Bandar Lampung. This is evidenced by t-coun tgreat erthan the value. oft-table. Regression calculation results obtain edt-count for communication variables (X) of 3.023is greater than the valuet-tabel2.042, meaning that communication (X) have significant effect on employee discipline(Y) in PT. Jamsostek(Persero) Bandar Lampung. Large coefficient(b) the positive value in dicates that the communication variables (X) significant effect on employee discipline (Y) in environments PT. Jamsostek (Persero). The coefficient value of0.843 means that if the communication variables (X) rose by 1 percent, the employee discipline(Y) in PT. Jamsostek(Persero) Bandar Lampung in creased by0,843 percent. Key Word : communication, discipline


IGBT modules have been widely used in many fields such as renewable energy generation and rail transportation because of their excellent switching performance. However, the application reliability of IGBT modules is affected by many factors, among which humidity is one of the most serious factors threatening the health of IGBT modules. In high humidity applications, moisture tends to penetrate inside the module, which lead to corrosion and degradation of the module. In this paper, finite element simulation reveals that the bonding line and the solder layer are the weak points of the IGBT module packaging corrosion in high humidity application environment, which provide guidance for improving IGBT module packaging and designing reliability enhancement scheme.


The application of semiconductors in water treatment via photocatalysis of various pollutants has attracted much attention from researchers. In this work, photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by P25 titanium dioxide was studied experimentally and then via modeling. The effects of lamp choice, concentration of catalyst, and methylene blue were analyzed. Desorption of methylene blue at the start of light radiation was observed, and analyzed in detail for the first time. Both desorption and degradation processes were modeled, and experimental data was fitted to a pseudo-first-order model with sufficient accuracy. The effects of catalyst and initial dye concentration on reaction rate constants were discussed.


We present a multi-wavelength study of recurrent surges observed in Hα, UV (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/EIT), and Radio (Learmonth, Australia) from the super-active region NOAA 10484 on 2003 October 25. Several bright structures visible in Hα and UV corresponding to subflares are also observed at the base of each surge. Type III bursts are triggered and RHESSI X-ray sources are evident with surge activity. The major surge consists of bunches of ejective paths forming a fan-shaped region with an angular size of (≈65°) during its maximum phase. The ejection speed reaches up to ∼200 km s−1. The SOHO/Michelson Doppler Imager magnetograms reveal that a large dipole emerges from the east side of the active region on 2003 October 18–20, a few days before the surges. On 2003 October 25, the major sunspots were surrounded by "moat regions" with moving magnetic features (MMFs). Parasitic fragmented positive polarities were pushed by the ambient dispersion motion of the MMFs and annihilated with negative polarities at the borders of the moat region of the following spot to produce flares and surges. A topology analysis of the global Sun using Potential Field Source Surface shows that the fan structures visible in the EIT 171 Å images follow magnetic field lines connecting the present active region to a preceding active region in the southeast. Radio observations of Type III bursts indicate that they are coincident with the surges, suggesting that magnetic reconnection is the driver mechanism. The magnetic energy released by the reconnection is transformed into plasma heating and provides the kinetic energy for the ejections. A lack of a radio signature in the high corona suggests that the surges are confined to follow the closed field lines in the fans. We conclude that these cool surges may have some local heating effects in the closed loops, but probably play a minor role in global coronal heating and the surge material does not escape to the solar wind.


Comprehensive services, including employment/vocational interventions, family therapy, medical care, and case management, have been shown by the literature to be critical elements of programs that provide effective treatment for substance abusers. Despite clear research findings, clients are often unable to obtain needed adjunctive services at their clinics. When services are not provided on site, clients typically are not effectively placed for services at other agencies. This article reviews the recent literature on comprehensive services as elements of substance abuse treatment, focusing on four areas that the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has established as priorities for health services research: (a) the effectiveness and outcomes of treatment services, (b) the organization and management of treatment services, (c) the actual availability of services to clients, and (d) the impact of managed care on the provision of adjunctive treatment services. Recommendations are also made for future research, and policy implications are discussed.


This book pens a window on the experiences of urban people living through one of Africa's most dramatic economic declines in the postcolonial era by focusing on such broad themes as household dynamics, gender politics, and informal economy in Mtendere. The author argues that African urbanism is not purely a product of colonialism but a result of a wide variety of influences both local and foreign.


Three years after disturbance of soil, by digging sample pits to a depth of 1 m, soil at a depth of 85–95 cm had greater air porosity and greater total porosity than previously and soil strength of disturbed soil was much less than strength of the undisturbed side wall. At a depth of 25–35 cm, air porosity was increased and soil strength was decreased. Disturbance of wet soil tended to have less beneficial or detrimental effects. These data suggest than Berwick and Kentville sandy loams would be amenable to improvement by deep tillage provided moisture conditions were favorable.


AbstractIsothermal transformation (IT) diagrams which were determined metallographically are presented for a ductile cast iron alloyed with manganese, molybdenum, and copper, following austenitisation at 870 and 920°C. Isothermal transformations were conducted over the temperature range 275–650°C for times between 0·5 and 120 min. The IT diagrams displayed a nose at ~650 and 425°C for the pearlite and upper bainite reactions respectively. The diagrams could be separated into two overlapping diagrams corresponding to transformations in the eutectic cell and intercellular regions. When compared with previous data for an unalloyed iron, the alloying additions were found to delay the transformation, and to a greater extent above 450°C than below this temperature. Increasing the austenitising temperature was observed to delay the transformation. The effect of a 50 K increase was equivalent to increasing the total alloy content in the eutectic cell area by about 0·4 wt-% in this alloy.MST/2040


We consider the variant of the Banach-Mazur distance $\delta_{BM}^{\rm cen} (C, D)$ of two convex bodies $C, D$ of $E^d$ with the additional requirement that the centroids of them coincide. We prove that $\delta_{BM}^{\rm cen} (C, D) \leq \frac{69}{17}$ for every $C, D$ of $E^2$.


A new coalition has formed to help prevent the misuse, abuse, and diversion of medications for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly among college students.


Educational harmony is one of the vital elements which constitute social harmony.The realization of educational harmony presupposes the harmony of the educational policy,on purpose to achieve the harmonious relationship between fairness and efficiency in the educational policy.This harmony is the melodious match and unified regulation of this relationship of value embodied in the policy in order to achieve a relatively stable,balanced and ideal state.The prerequisites of this harmonious relationship mainly include: accurately grasping the environment of the educational policy,the choice of value in the main body of the policy meeting the expectation of society,correctly understanding the connotation of fairness and efficiency and their relationship,reasonably adjusting the interests of public education,improving the systematic construction,etc.


Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that affects the metabolism of blood glucose inside the body. One of the alternative treatments is by using traditional medicinal plants, which have hypoglycemia effects. A mahogany seed is one of the traditional medicinal plants that has been proven to treat diabetes and has been used for generations.  In the aqueous extract, ethanol 96 %, ethyl acetate, and hexane from mahogany seeds (Swietenia macrophylla King.) the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity are checked by measuring p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranose (pNPG) on 400 nm.  The percentage value of the inhibition for α-glucosidase ranged from 6,36-56,77 %, with 96 % ethanol extract that has the highest value and the hexane extract with the lowest value.  Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids, which could be responsible for the bioactivities shown by the 96 % ethanol extract and aqueous extract of S. macrophylla.
Keywords :  α-glucosidase activity, diabetes mellitus, mahogany seeds (Swietenia macrophylla King.), phytochemical screening.


In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the PAPR in OFDM by combining the PTS with Golay complementary sequences and Reed-Muller codes. The original signal is divided into several disjoint subblocks, one subblock for pilots and the other subblocks of Golay complementary sequences generated from particular cosets of the Reed-Muller code for information and phase rotation factors of PTS. The optimal combination of phase rotation factors is obtained as minimizing the PAPR of an OFDM symbol. The simulation results, CCDF of PAPR and BER through Rayleigh fading channel, illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method


Ten durum wheat genotypes were studied in a total of 10 field trials in three different regions of Spain, associated with two latitudes (north and south) under both irrigated and rainfed conditions during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. Different technological and commercial quality parameters were studied: thousand kernel weight (TKW), test weight, vitreousness, ash content, protein content, pigment content and the SDS sedimentation test. The results demonstrated the strong influence of environmental conditions on the majority of quality traits in durum wheat, with growing zones, latitudes and moisture regimes showing the greatest effects. Genotypic effects were mainly observed for pigment content and SDS volume. These appear to be predominantly under genetic control. TKW and protein content were higher in Lleida in the north, probably due to the greater amount of nitrogen applied in comparison with Granada and Jerez in the south. Grain quality under the growing conditions of Lleida, however, was negatively influenced by the high percentages of ash accumulated in the grain. In general, Granada and Jerez provided an acceptable grain quality, and Jerez in particular favoured good semolina colour and higher test weights. Moisture stress increased mainly protein content and vitreousness, and reduced TKW and ash content at both latitudes. It is clear that rainfed conditions in the south offer the best opportunity for production of durum wheat of good quality. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Objective:To observe the dynamic changes of plasma soluble P-selectin in patients with non ST-segment elevation AMI and the effect of early antithrombotic therapy on soluble P-selectin. Methods: The plasma sP-selectin was measured at the time of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours of AMI onset in 18 patients admitted within 6 hours of symptom onset. Blood routine test and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured at the same time. All patients were given antithrombotic therapy (aspirin and ticlopidine plus low molecular heparin) at the time of admission. And the concentration of those in 21 patients with stable angina pectoris and 20 normal controls with no coronary heart disease were measured also. Results: (1) The level of sP-selectin was higher significantly within 6 hours of symptom onset in AMI patients with non ST-segment elevation than those in patients with stable angina and the control (167. 4±18. 1ng/ml vs 75. 4±6. 8ng/ml vs 67. 9±7. 7ng/ml P0. 001). The concentration of sP-selectin was still high at 12 and 24 hours of symptoms onset (180. 2±16. 6ng/ml, 160. 4±14. 5ng/ml). There was no difference between the level of sP-selectin at 48, and 72 hours of symptoms onset in AMI patients and that in the controls. (2) The white cell count and the level of CRP increased at 6 hours, climaxed at 24 hours, and were high at 72 hours after the symptoms onset in patients with no ST-segment elevation AMI. Conclusion:sP-selectin arose significantly after 6 hours of symptoms onset in AMI patients with non ST-segment elevation. The level of sP-selectin decreased after 24 hours and backed to baseline at 48 hours of symptoms onset by early antithrombotic therapy. But inflammation reaction was not inhibited completely.


A selective inflammatory reaction involving actinic keratosis may occur in patients receiving systemic 5-fluorouracil as part of a chemotherapeutic protocol. This may be effectively treated with topical 5-fluorouracil.


ABSTRACT A specific set of materials and methods are used to create uniform fluorescent calibration standards over an extremely wide range of fluorescence intensities. These standards can be formulated for a specific optical brightness (OB) level and can be formulated using a variety of optical brighteners and fluorescent materials. These materials are used to create calibration standards suitable for multiple instrument types for standard brightness measurements of films or plastic sheets. Such standards can be custom made to any optical brightness suited to the unique measurement characteristics of the wide variety of fluorescent measuring instruments or meters. The fluorophore or brightening agent is prepared using a series of concentrations to bracket the desired film or plastic brightness level(s). Once bracketed, the appropriate fluorophore or brightener concentration is added to the base material in the correct concentrations resulting in a precise level of optical brightness for each calibration standard comprising a linear set of reference standards.


Ambulatory laparoscopic colectomy (ALC), meaning discharge within 24 h of surgical colonic resection, has recently been proposed in a few, selected patients. This systematic review was performed with the aim of reviewing protocols for ALC and assessing feasibility, safety and outcomes after ALC.


In the world of technology has historically collaborated with the different applications of this security , today we have developed different types of systems to safeguard the facilities and assets of organizations, access controls are an important part of the control exerted to preserve these assets within them are the different metal detectors that can be found at the entrances to different types of facilities.


Policies that are present have contributed to driving the nation's economy. With Presidential Regulation Number 91 of 2017 the government issued a policy to speed up and facilitate business services by using the Electronically Integrated Business Licensing System (Online Single Submission). The problems with the Online Single Submission (OSS) at the Tanjungpinang City Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Service are, first, the network at the center is often disturbed so that it is difficult for regions to access OSS. The licensing database in OSS has not been clearly classified, so regions have to sort out data again and enter data manually which causes the process of issuing a permit to take a long time. The purpose of this study is to provide an explanation in the government network which is a form of public sector collaboration. The method used is qualitative based on two sources of primary and secondary data in the form of interviews, institutional databases, websites, and previous research. The results show that the OSS system in Tanjungpinang City has had a positive impact on business actors, with the convenience offered by the OSS system, many Micro Enterprises have been built using the OSS system management service. However, there are still obstacles, such as the absence of a Regional Regulation that regulates in more detail the application of the system, so there is a need for an in-depth analytical study so that the use of the OSS system can be used more effectively with more binding derivative rules.


Equilibrium isotope effects (EIE) on the binding of H2 and D2 to transition metal complexes are calculated for a modeled version of W(CO)3(PCy3)2(η2-H2), [Ru(H···H)(C5Me5)(dppm)]+ and trans-[Os(H···H)Cl(dppe)2]+. Being probably unsatisfactorily described by the harmonic approach (specially in the elongated dihydrogen complexes), the thermodynamic contribution of the H−H stretching related modes is evaluated by means of nuclear motion quantum calculations. The Discrete Variable Representation (DVR) methodology is applied to obtain the anharmonic vibrational spectrum on the bidimensional B3LYP potential surface. From these results, the associated partition function is calculated and used to correct the harmonic EIE and other thermodynamic magnitudes. In agreement with experimental results, the anharmonically corrected EIE for the W complex turns out to be inverse (0.534 at 300 K). On the contrary, the corrected EIE for the Ru and Os complexes is clearly normal (1.217 and 1.685 at 300 K, respectively), predi...


Abstract In this paper, the artificially intelligent Petri‐Net is applied to find optimal switching operations for service restoration and feeder loading balancing of distribution systems. For contingencies, the Petri‐Net model with an inference mechanism is derived to provide the optimal load transfer among distribution feeders after the fault location has been identified and isolated. For normal operation, the load balancing among distribution feeders is obtained by the Petri‐Net model to enhance the operation efficiency of distribution systems. To represent the load behavior of distribution systems more practically, the load profiles of distribution feeders are derived by load survey study. Load flow analysis is then performed to solve the hourly current flows of all line switches. The switching operation, which will result in the loading balance among distribution feeders, is derived by the Petri‐Net model according to the loading cost to the distribution system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, a sample distribution system has been selected for computer simulation. It is found that the proposed Petri‐Net algorithm can enhance fault restoration with proper load transfer and improve feeder load balance for distribution systems by considering the load characteristics of the service customers.


Aluminium containing 0.05%~1.0wt% in NdFeB alloy has been determined by N 2O C 2H 2 flame atomic absorption spectrometric method.The optimum experimental conditions are established.Interference of matrix,coexistence elements and acids is studied.The sensitivity is increased by adding acetic acid.The sensitivity is 0 0031A/μg.mL -1 .The RSD is 1.8% when aluminium content is 0.088%.


The fuel cells are distinguished as generating of green allocable energy and are electrochemical devices of low environmental impact. Porous nanocrystalline strontium-doped lanthanum manganite La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 (LSM) cathode materials were prepared by mechanochemical route in various grinding times. Carbon black was employed to produce pores. The formation of LSM single phase was studied by X-ray diffraction patterns. Porosity and density amounts were measured by means of Archimedes method, furthermore, contraction of sintered samples was comparably evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were used for morphological study. It is shown that the open and total porosity generally decrease with sintering temperature, however the milling time increase these factors. Relying on open porosity amount and distribution, relative density and microstructural scrutiny the proper sintering temperature was determined. The microstructural investigation indicates that the grains grow as the sintering temperature increases


An optimally planned route is the foundation of a safe and economical navigation. This article proposes a method for the shortest time routing based on the composite influence of multidynamic elements. First, an instantaneous model is constructed based on static depths from a chart and a grid tidal model in a sea area, then a collection of obstacle areas are acquired and the navigability of a route is analyzed. Second, a search is made for the shortest time path using a dynamic programming method. Finally, the path is further optimized by strategies that involve excluding obstacle areas outside the rectangular box of all computation nodes, searching close nodes in the next stage and deleting redundant nodes for a more direct navigable route. Experimental results demonstrate that: (1) the proposed method can analyze the navigability of the route dynamically and acquire the shortest time route; (2) the route acquired by the proposed method has a shorter time than those of traditional method based on static depths; and (3) the shortest route depends on the departure time and the ship's speed.


Although GPUs are considered ideal to accelerate massively data-parallel applications, there are still exceptions to this rule. For example, imbalanced applications cannot be efficiently processed by GPUs: despite the massive data parallelism, a varied computational workload per data point remains GPU-unfriendly. To efficiently process imbalanced applications, we exploit the use of heterogeneous platforms (GPUs and CPUs) by partitioning the workload to fit the usage patterns of the processors. In this work, we present our flexible and adaptive method that predicts the optimal partitioning. Our method aims to match a quantitative model of the application with the hardware capabilities of the platform, and calculates the optimal match according to a user-given criterion. We evaluate our method in terms of overall performance gain, prediction accuracy, flexibility and adaptivity. Our results, gathered from both synthetic and real-world workloads, show performance gains of up to 60%, accurate predictions for more than 90% of all the 1395 imbalanced workloads we have tested, and confirm that the method adapts correctly to application, dataset, and platform changes (both hardware and software). We conclude that model-based prediction of workload partitioning for heterogeneous platforms is feasible and useful for performance improvement.


Preventive maintenance is performed at fixed intervals based on pre-made statistical estimates of when a failure may occur or when a part may need to be replaced. Predictive maintenance is performed at unfixed intervals that are determined based on predictive estimates of when a failure may occur or when a part may need to be replaced. The predictive maintenance system is based on the automated collection and automated processing of all technical information necessary to predict the most optimal intervals. This possibility is provided by innovative information technologies for monitoring vehicles connected to the internet. An overview of the possibilities of infor-mation and communication technologies and monitoring systems in road transport, in particular, technologies connected to the Internet vehicles, which allow developing and implementing innovative maintenance and repair technologies, was conducted. The possibilities of connecting "unconnected" cars to the Internet are considered and given. The potential possibilities of a gradual transition from a planned and preventive maintenance system to a "predictive" system, which is based on the constant monitoring of the processes of changing diagnostic parameters and related parameters characterizing the modes and conditions of operation of the engine, transmission and the vehicle as a whole, are analyzed. A review of the current state of development, implementation and application of service systems "on operational need" and forecasting processes of changing the technical condition and forecasting the possibility of malfunctions for their prevention in motor vehicle enterprises was carried out. The main conclusions are drawn based on the analysis of informational materials and work experience of such companies as Stratio Automotive, Pitstop Connect, Web Eye, as well as BOSCH, LAUNCH, and Electronic Team Inc. Keywords: innovative technology, information technology, vehicle monitoring system, connected vehicle, remote diagnosis, real-time monitoring of diagnostic parameters, preventive maintenance system, predictive maintenance system, prediction of changes in technical condition, automated system maintenance planning, vehicle location monitoring.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of pipe prefabricating production lines and relates to an ultra-long barrel assembling device used for an offshore platform, in particular to a mobile ultra-long barrel assembling machine which comprises a driving trolley, wherein one side of the driving trolley is provided with another driving trolley, the other side is provided with a conveying and assembling roller wheel group, one side of the conveying and assembling roller wheel group is provided with a conveying roller wheel, conveying roller wheels and active rotary roll wheels are arranged at intervals on one driving trolley, and conveying roller wheels and passive rotary roll wheels are arranged at intervals on the other driving trolley. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, continuous accomplishment of assembling and welding a plurality of barrel sections and realization of assembly line work, and compared with the prior assembling method, the machine is more convenient and quicker, is more accurate, and is suitable for mass production.


Analysis of the semantic features of the verb dumat ('to think') in Moscow Russian language is presented in the article. The author examines changes of semantics in comparison with previous and next periods of the language history, gives consideration to negative meaning of the verb appearance. Semantics of the verb are correlated with semantics of the noun duma ('thought, ballad, council'). Analysis of semantics of the verb makes it possible to draw conclusions on the mental features of people of that period. Research is undertaken on the material of the card index of the Dictionary of the Common Russian Language of Moscow Russia of the 16th-17th centuries.


where ocr e H for r = 0 , 1 , 2 , . . . , k 1 . An (cT,k)-machine i s a particular case of a k-machine which was introduced and studied by Grodzki [2]. The vector a = , . . . »«k_1] i s said to be the d e f i n i n g v e c t o r of the (oT,k)-machine. D e f i n i t i o n 2. Any inf in i te sequence ( x Q , x 1 , x 2 , . . . ) whose elements belong to the f ie ld M and s a t i s f y the condition k-1


This study aims to obtain a structural relationship model between character strength, bureaucratic reform, and organizational commitment in the One Stop Services Investment Office of the Bandung City Government. The variables in this study are, exogenous variables consisting of; character strength and bureaucratic reform, endogenous variable is organizational commitment. As a hypothesis in this study is a theoretical model of the influence of character strength and bureaucratic reform on organizational commitment fit with empirical data on ASN DPMPTSP Bandung. The subject of this study were all ASNs in Bandung City DPMPTSP, total of 105 people. Data collection techniques are done by self report measurement, using the scale of character strength, the scale of bureaucratic reform, and the scale of organizational commitment. Data analysis techniques using SEM with the help of M Plus analysis. The results showed that the character strength and bureaucratic reform had a positive effect on organizational commitment, with an RMSEA coefficient of 0.089, with a probability of 0.000, meaning <0.005, so the hypothesis is accepted.


The goal of early action prediction is to recognize actions from partially observed videos with incomplete action executions, which is quite different from action recognition. Predicting early actions is very challenging since the partially observed videos do not contain enough action information for recognition. In this paper, we aim at improving early action prediction by proposing a novel teacher-student learning framework. Our framework involves a teacher model for recognizing actions from full videos, a student model for predicting early actions from partial videos, and a teacher-student learning block for distilling progressive knowledge from teacher to student, crossing different tasks. Extensive experiments on three public action datasets show that the proposed progressive teacher-student learning framework can consistently improve performance of early action prediction model. We have also reported the state-of-the-art performances for early action prediction on all of these sets.


A five-year-old, male, Great Dane weighing 107 kg was presented with anorexia, abdominal distension, and dyspnea for 5 days. Physical examination, blood works, radiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and echocardiography were performed. Based on severely low fractional shortening (FS) and marked fou...


OBJECTIVES: To examine psychotropic prescription use in community‐dwelling elderly in the United States and its association with predisposing, enabling, and need factors.


Maternal mortality remains a major public health problem in low and middle income countries. The decisions that women make regarding childbirth impact on maternal and foetal/neonatal outcomes, including maternal death. Although a range of barriers have been reported that influence access by pregnant women to skilled birth assistants and hospital, little is known about it in Indonesia in areas where there are high mortality rates. In this thesis, I examine the determinants of women's childbirth decisions and explore women's access to skilled birth assistants either at home or hospital. This study was conducted in Bantaeng, a district in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. I adopted a mixed method approach; I conducted a survey with 485 women who recently delivered their babies, and followed this by in-depth interviews with women who had recently delivered, midwives, and men whose wives had died when they gave birth. First, as most women attended ANC, I examined the relationship between number of ANC visits and the likelihood of women being assisted by SBA at home and when delivering at hospital. I found that women who had at least four ANC visits were more likely to deliver at hospital and, if they delivered at home, they were likely to be assisted by SBA. Secondly, I explored the spatial patterns of women's birthing decision. I found that although there were different types of decisions on antenatal care visits between women who resided in urban and rural areas, there was no difference in the likelihood of SBA assistance at home and hospital delivery. However, I found that there was a geographical cluster of women who did not present for ANC, and were assisted by TBA rather than by SBA at home or hospital delivery, suggesting that women's decisions regarding childbirth within urban and rural area were not homogenous. Thirdly, I explored qualitatively barriers to the use of SBA and hospital. My qualitative data identified several factors influencing women's decisions to deliver their babies at home with TBA or SBA, and their access to hospital when complications occurred. These factors included community characteristics such as availability of transportation, health system characteristics such as availability of midwife or obstetrician, cultural barriers, and attitudes toward pregnancy and toward SBA and toward delivery at hospital. Lastly, men's involvement in maternal health was explored. Men are rarely involved in antenatal care, as antenatal care is perceived as women's business and men do not necessarily accompany their wives. Men indicated that they were happy for the birth to be attended by a traditional birth assistant at home, but that they would seek help from a skilled birth assistant or take their wife to hospital if complications occurred. However, men could not recognize early signs of complications, particularly in the case of postpartum haemorrhage; this delayed transfer to hospital and appears to have contributed to maternal mortality.


The carbon dynamics of six estuarine ponds at Morehead City, North Carolina, were measured from August 1969 through August 1970. Three waste ponds received secondary treated sewage effluent and three served as controls. Total organic levels were determined by combustion with a Beckman total carbon analyzer. Inorganic levels were calculated from temperature, pH, and carbonate alkalinity. Carbon dioxide diffusion across the air-water interface was measured with a floating plastic dome and an infrared gas analyzer. Carbon metabolism was determined from diurnal changes in total inorganic carbon. From October through April the wastereceiving ponds were characterized by an intense bloom of a small alga,Monodus guttula. During the bloom organic levels reached 75 mg C per 1. The warmer months were characterized by a more diverse flora and organic concentrations averaging 25 mg per 1. Organic levels in the control ponds seldom were greater than 10 mg per 1. CO2 diffused constantly out of the control ponds due to input of high alkalinity water supersaturated with inorganic carbon. During the bloom in the waste ponds diffusion of CO2 from the atmosphere was as high as 0.5 g C per m2 per day. CO2 diffused into the water constantly because the high uptake rate of inorganic carbon by the small algae reduced the levels in the water to less than 5 mg per 1. Gross production of the waste receiving ponds avearaged 2,86 g C per m2 per day during the bloom and 2.44 during the non-bloom period. The average productivity of the control ponds was 1.7. Corrections for CO2 diffusion were significant in the control ponds and in the waste ponds during theMonodus bloom. Availability of carbon from diffusion and respiratory regeneration seemed to limit phytoplankton productivity during the bloom. The annual budgets for the two sets of ponds were distinctly different. For the control ponds, the input of organic matter was nearly equal to losses indicating almost no net production of organic material. A high net loss of organic material and a net gain of inorganic carbon for the waste ponds reflected the net productive nature.