Chest pain is often the herald of cardiovascular disease and is one of the most common diagnostic challenges encountered by practicing clinicians. Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite advances in medical and procedural therapies. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important subset of cardiovascular disease that requires timely, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis. Patients can be classified into low, intermediate, and high pre-test probability of ischemic heart disease groups based on presenting symptoms, history, physical exam findings, ECG changes, and cardiac enzyme profiles. After acute coronary syndrome has been ruled out, the clinician has an abundance of diagnostic options to choose from when aiming to determine the presence of CAD and quantify its extent in these patients. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is an anatomic test that can be used in intermediate-risk patients to provide a diagnostician with these answers quickly.While invasive coronary angiography remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, CCTA has increasingly become a viable non-invasive alternative. CCTA avoids the risks associated with an invasive procedure, in addition to providing a more expeditious and possibly more cost-effective means of assessing patients at intermediate risk for CAD. Epicardial coronary arteries are moving structures that are typically millimeters in diameter. Because of this, CCTA requires both good spatial and temporal resolution to adequately visualize. Spatial resolution refers to the smallest distance across which two points can be differentiated. Temporal resolution refers to how quickly images of a moving structure can be acquired. Starting with the availability of 64-slice multi-detector CT (64-MDCT) systems, and now with even more modern technologies, CCTA has achieved the temporal and spatial resolution to be able to define the lumen of even distal segments of the coronary artery tree.Studies assessing the diagnostic performance of CCTA have typically compared its ability to detect significant coronary lesions (blockage of greater than 50%) versus lesions discovered in those same patients on subsequent invasive coronary angiography. Initial studies of 64-MDCT showed a diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 94%, 97%, 87%, and 99% respectively. These initial studies typically excluded patients with atrial fibrillation, atrial premature contractions, ventricular premature contractions, prior history of CAD, and inability to tolerate beta-blockade. A study inclusive of these patients had 93% and 97% specificity and negative predictive value at assessing segmental coronary artery stenosis greater than 50%.CCTA protocols typically involve an initial non-contrast, low-radiation dose phase. This non-contrast portion of the study can yield high-quality data about cardiac anatomical structures that may not be as adequately visualized with other non-invasive imaging modalities, e.g., trans-thoracic echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. This can be particularly useful in diagnosis and management of adult congenital heart disease (CHD). Simple CHD includes an atrial septal defect, patent foramen ovale, ventricular septal defect, and bicuspid aortic valve. Complex CHD can also be with reasonable accuracy, including Ebstein's anomaly, truncus arteriosus, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, transposition of great arteries, Tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia. Specifically, with cases of complex CHD, many of these patients benefit from surgical repair and can survive to adulthood. Cardiac CT provides an accurate, timely, and cost-effective means of initial diagnosis and follow-up care in these patients.Another utility of the non-contrast portion of a CCTA is the ability to calculate a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. Also known as an Agatston score, a CAC score can be used to risk stratify patients into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups for future development of CAD. CAC scores were thought to be useful in identifying asymptomatic patients where more intensive preventative treatment regimens would be appropriate. Indeed, the most recent (2013) Multimodality Appropriate Use Criteria for the Detection of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) suggested that CAC scoring may be appropriate in select patients who are asymptomatic but at intermediate risk for CAD. However, CAC scoring alone is rarely appropriate in symptomatic patients. By the guidelines, CCTA may be the more appropriate diagnostic tool for symptomatic patients with an intermediate pre-test probability of coronary disease. CAC scores are commonly tabulated during the initial non-contrast phase of a CCTA by assigning a weighted density score to the location of calcium with the highest attenuation (measured in Hounsfield units) and then multiplying by the area of calcification. CAC scores of 0, 1 to 10, 11 to 100, 101 to 400, greater than 400 represent no, mild, moderate, and severe CAD, respectively. Patients with CAC scores of 0 or 1 to 10 have a very low lifetime risk of having an adverse cardiovascular event. However, studies have shown that patients with mild CAC scores of 1 to 10 are at threefold risk of developing CAD compared to patients with CAC scores of zero. These findings have to lead to an additional investigation into the roles of non-calcified coronary artery plaque, rapid atherosclerosis, and plaque destabilization in the development of coronary heart disease. These additional plaque features are difficult to assess via CAC scoring alone. This is particularly true in the case of non-calcified coronary artery plaques, which can range from non-obstructive to significantly stenotic.CCTA can also be applied towards the diagnosis of coronary anomalies. As with CAD, invasive coronary angiography has been the diagnostic gold standard. However, with the available temporal and spatial resolution offered by modern CT scanners, CCTA has emerged as a viable non-invasive alternative means of surveying coronary anatomy. Professional guidelines from the ACC/AHA released in 2008 listed CCTA as a class I indication for initial screening of adult patients with suspected congenital anomalous coronary arteries of ectopic origin. Coronary anomalies are only present in less than 1% of the population, and their presentations can range from benign, incidental findings, to dramatic, as in the case of sudden cardiac death. Anomalous coronary arteries are classified into three general groups: anomalies of origin and course, intrinsic coronary anatomy anomalies, and artery termination anomalies. In addition to assessment of coronary anatomy, CCTA also allows three-dimensional assessment of the entire heart and spatial arrangements of anomalous coronaries, which can, in turn, provide prognostic information. Newer CCTA applications in the areas of perfusion and fractional flow reserve are on the horizon and are set to expand the diagnostic utility of cardiac CT. Additionally, transcatheter structural invasive procedures are now routinely performed, and these procedures are guided by noninvasive cardiac imaging specifically with CCTA pre-procedurally.


: The dispersion of one or more active pharmacological ingredients in a carrier at solid state is used to increase the dissolution of poorly water-soluble remedies and hence enhance their bioavailability. Solid dispersion is the name of this procedure. It has drawn a lot of attention as a practical way to raise the disintegration rate. It occurs because weakly water-soluble medicines are mixed with water-soluble carriers. The solubility behaviour of pharmaceuticals is one of the most difficult formulation development issues. Poorly water soluble chemicals have dramatically risen in number. Solid dispersions created using various techniques can be utilised as an alternative to typical formulations like tablets or capsules and have many advantages over the aforementioned conventional dosage form.A few aspects must be considered when preparing solid dispersions, such as vehicle for change and physicochemical characterization methods. This review focuses on solubility, different types of solid dispersions, BCS categorisation, carriers, solid dispersion techniques, mechanism to enhance dissolution in solid dispersion, categorisation, benefits, drawbacks, and solid dispersion applications. The oral bioavailability of formulations is significantly influenced by solubility, which is a major factor in drug liberation and subsequent drug absorption. A drug's solubility has a direct impact on how quickly it dissolves in the body. A novel and effective method for improving the oral bioavailability and dissolving properties of weakly water-soluble medicines is solid dispersion. The current review focuses on how solid dispersions are portrayed, along with their types, which include eutectic mixtures and solid solutions,


It was demonstrated that applying an external electric field, as a perturbation to a semiconductor, the bands are perturbed by the interaction of the electric field with the valence band (VB) and the conduction band (CB).1 Therefore, the energy-spectrum of an electron in (CB) and hole in (VB) was modified with respect to un-perturbed bands. Accordingly, the basic characteristics of semiconductors such as density-ofstate (DOS) functions, transport properties, etc. are influenced significantly2 under different physical conditions. The importance of DOS has already been revealed by Landsberg.3The analytical formulations of various quantum processes of semiconductor, having different energy-band spectrum, are based on the DOS functions. Although, DOS functions have already been investigated extensively,1,4 nevertheless it appears from the literatures survey that the electron energy-spectrum and the corresponding DOS have yet to be studied in semiconductors in the presence of an external electric and parallel magnetic fields.


ABSTRACT In this study, a multi-commodity network flow model is proposed to optimize the railroad capacity under temporary line blockage. The proposed model enables the assessment of residual railroad capacity under heterogeneous traffic condition. The model searches for an optimized train timetable to maximize the number of possible train paths by maintaining acceptable percentages of delayed trains. Computational experiments are conducted on instances of Iran railway to evaluate the performance of the model regarding computational efficiency and solution quality. The outcomes demonstrate an average optimality gap of about 3.7% which quantifies the effectiveness of the optimization model within a reasonable computational time. The output of the optimization model has been compared with the UIC406 (International Union of Railway) standard. The proposed optimization model could generate a more realistic solution in comparison with UIC406 method. According to the obtained result, the maximum capacity of the rail line increases by approximately 26.7% compared with UIC 406 code.


Grant-free spatial modulated multi-carrier non-orthogonal multiple access (SM/MC-NOMA) is proposed for supporting the large-scale access of devices transmitting in a sporadic pattern at a low rate. Furthermore, a pair of compressive sensing (CS)-based low-complexity detectors are conceived for jointly detecting the active users and their transmitted data. These detectors are referred to as the Joint Multiuser Matching Pursuit (JMuMP) detector, and the Adaptive MuMP (AMuMP) detector, respectively. However, most of the state-of-the-art CS-based detectors designed for grant-free NOMA systems critically rely on the sparsity of the user activity. By contrast, the proposed AMuMP detector does not require any prior knowledge about the user activity in our SM/MC-NOMA system. The bit error rate (BER) performance of both detectors converges to that of the idealized 'genie' receiver, which has perfect knowledge of the user activity. Finally, the complexity of both detectors is quantified.


In this paper,we study the data of mobile geomagnetic survey with S method and compare the results with the seismic active frequency of small earthquake cluster.It is found that when the anomaly of s value appears, the seismic active frequency of small earthquake cluster increases within one year.Otherwise,it decreases.If there is anomalous s value in the mobile geomagnetic survey line,an earthquake M S4 0 may occur in the adjacent area.So S method is practical to predict the medium- short term earthquake in the area with few earthquakes.


Nitrosyl cation (NO+) generating reaction HONO + H+ NO+ + H2O has been theoretically investigated by B3LYP and high-electron-correlation QCISD methods with 6-31G (d,p) basis set. The solvent effects on the geometries, reaction path properties, energies, thermodynamic, and kinetic characters in four solvents (benzene, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, and water) have been calculated using self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) approach with the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The results show that the activation energy barriers and the relative energies of the products are decreased with increase of the polarities of the solvents, and the reaction is favored in polar solvents thermodynamically and kinetically. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011


According to the characteristics of space flexible manipulator, a teleoperation system is designed and developed, including information processing module, human-computer interaction module, information processing module, prediction simulation module and ground verification module. Because of the typical satellite failure problem that solar panels cannot be deployed, a flexible manipulator planning method based on free combination of degrees of freedom is proposed to control the flexible manipulator to complete the maintenance task through narrow space. Finally, the method is validated by using the teleoperation system of space flexible manipulator, and experiments show that the method can safely accomplish the task of narrow space operations.


Background: Estrogen and Progesterone receptors are found in breast cancer cells that depend on estrogen and related hormones to grow. These are steroidal nuclear type of receptors. The most common method currently used to test a tumor for estrogen and progesterone receptors is immunohistochemistry or IHC. Patients with positive hormone receptor cancer have better survival. They are candidates of anti-hormonal therapy.Methods: This is a retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Surgery of a tertiary care hospital, affiliated to Government Medical College. This is a retrospective study in which 30 randomly selected case records of breast cancer patients, who presented in the period between 2011 to 2016, and who had undergone surgery, were taken and studied in terms of history, examination, investigations, treatment given, histopathology report and development of recurrence, metastasis and survival.Results: In this study out of 30 patients, 25 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. 2 patients developed recurrence at local site.1 patient was ER/PR both negative and 1 patient was ER +/PR-. 3 patients developed metastasis. Among these, 2 patients were ER/PR both negative and 1 patient was having ER/PR both positive.Conclusions: Hormone receptors play a significant role in breast carcinoma. Breast cancer is more common in postmenopausal group as compared to premenopausal group. Mean age at diagnosis of breast cancer in western countries is 61 years and in India it is 50 years.


Sacred groves are forest fragments of varying sizes, existing outside conventional forest areas in and around human inhabitation. It acts as safe sites for reproduction of variety of floral and faunal resources.An exploratory survey of different sacred groves of Thrissur District (10.52° N to 76.21° E), namely Adipparambukavu, Daivathinkavu, Kanisherykavu, Kottaichalippattukavu and Kottarathkavulead to the collection of 119 species coming under 104 genera and 51 families, representing 08vulnerable, 12 endemic and 03 near threatened species. It includes 17.64% herbs, 19.33% shrubs, 41.18% trees and 21.85% climbers. Maximum diversity is present in Kanisherykavu (57 plant species and 36 families) and minimum diversity is present in Adipparambukavu (27 plant species belonging to 18 families). Fabaceae and Moraceae were the dominant families present in these sacred groves. Among these Kottarathkavu is well protected and is under the observation of Kerala Forest Department. It also harbours several valuable and medicinal plants beneficial for mankind. These groves serve as seed banks for future afforestation and can further help in education and research. Since sacred groves are gradually declining immediate attempts are needed to scientifically document and explore them to ensure their long


Based on the concepts of Cultural Ecology,this thesis points out the link between Urban Waterfront Landscape and Cultural Ecology by analyzing the transformation example of the Look of Games built in Qingdao,emphasis the significance of Cultural Ecology in landscape design,which could help to maintain the sustainable development of modern city.


Since more and more enterprises become dependent upon computer communication network or networked computing applications particularly after the growth of local area network, wide area network and internet. Therefore failure of a single component may directly affect the functioning of the network. The nodes and the edges may fail in any real network. In this paper we have proposed an efficient algorithm to compute the reliability of a network (which has imperfect nodes) using modified binary decision diagram. After that we have compared our algorithm with an existing algorithm based on edge expansion diagram using ordered binary decision diagram. The size of the modified binary decision diagram obtained by our algorithm is much less than the size of the ordered binary decision diagram, however the reliability results are same.


Global DNA hypomethylation is followed by regional hypermethylation occur in tumorigenesis and these hypermethylation is often associated with the inactivation of the tumor supresser genes. DNA methyltransferases are known to be responsible for the methylation of CpG island in human. In this study, we were interested in determining the extent and pattern of concurrent methylation of the various genes, SOCS1, DAP-Kinase, p15, E-Cadherin, RARβ, HIC1, p16, GSTP1, ER and p73 and also expression level of DNA methyltransferases genes in pediatric and adult AML samples to determine their roles in tumorogenesis. Genomic DNA was extracted from mononuclear cells of 50 AML patients(25 pediatric and 25 adult) and treated with sodium bisulfite for methylation spesific PCR(p15, p16, p73, SOCS1, RARβ, E-Cad, GSTP1, DAP-Kinaz, 5-HIC) and COBRA analysis (for ER). The frequency of methylation was shown in table 1. Among these patients samples DNA methyltransferases genes expression of 25(12 pediatric and 13 adult) patient and 6 control samples from healthy volenteers were determined by Q-PCR technique and β2 microglobulin used for normalisation as an internal control. Expression levels were given in table 2. Statistical analysis made by SPSS software for windows. Methylation was very common in AML. The frequency of methylation was shown for DAP-Kinase, ER, p15, SOCS1, E-cadherin, RARβ and p73 in table 1. Three other genes, p16, GSTP1 and HIC1 were unmethylated. All of 10 genes were unmethylated in 5 pediatric and in 2 adult samples on the other hand methylation at least in one gene for the rest of the 43 samples. DAP-Kinase was the most frequently methylated gene for both group(both for 56%). Unlike to previous studies ER methylation seems to frequently methylated in pediatric group than in adults(pediatric 42%, adult 28%). Just the opposite was valid for the RARβ methylation (pediatric 4%, adult 20%). Based on the 10 genes calculated MI for pediatric and adult group average were 0.11 (mean=0,1946) and 0,2 (mean=0,2112) respectively. Expression analysis of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, 3A, 3B) genes; for DNMT1 we couldn't find any statistical difference in between control group and in pediatric AML samples (p= 0,833) While in adult group we found higher expression level of DNMT1 when we compare with the controls (p=0,027). Furthermore we observed slight significant difference in between adult and pediatric group (p=0,044). For the DNMT3A, both in pediatric and adult group expression level of the gene was significantly higher than the controls (p= 0,06; p= 0,03 respectively) on the other hand no differences in between adult and pediatric groups(p=0.228). ER hypermethylation in pediatrics and RARβ hypermethylation in adults and DAP-Kinase hypermethylation in both groups is a frequent events in AML. Hypermethylation and imbalanced expression of DNMTs in AML could suggest a potantial mechanism of epigenetic modulation in leukomogenesis. Table 1 Table 2


The problem in achieving further improvements in safety stems from success. HPI has a good safety record. Strictly based on chance, an HPI employee can expect to work close to 50 years without an accident. The problem with the current level of safety is the complacency that it creates. An employee can short-cut a safety procedure and probably not get hurt. The reduced probability of having an accident is simply not enough to maintain 100% compliance with safety procedures. HPI faces a difficult task: creating a positive, employee driven safety process. The behavioral safety process is one method that focuses on improving safety practices. An observation/feedback network makes employees the critical link in a loss prevention system.


Fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks are envisioned to serve multiple emerging applications having diverse and strict quality of service (QoS) requirements. To meet ultra-reliable and low latency communication, real-time data processing and massive device connectivity demands of the new services, network slicing and edge computing, are envisioned as key enabling technologies. Network slicing will prioritize virtualized and dedicated logical networks over common physical infrastructure and encourage flexible and scalable networks. On the other hand, edge computing offers storage and computational resources at the edge of networks, hence providing real-time, high-bandwidth, low-latency access to radio network resources. As the integration of two technologies delivers network capabilities more efficiently and effectively, this paper provides a comprehensive study on edge-enabled network slicing frameworks and potential solutions with example use cases. In addition, this article further elaborated on the application of machine learning in edge-sliced networks and discussed some recent works as well as example deployment scenarios. Furthermore, to reveal the benefits of these systems further, a novel framework based on reinforcement learning for controller synchronization in distributed edge sliced networks is proposed.


In this paper we discuss an alternative definition of a program. We name this formalization as a mapcode and attempt to explore the theoretical issues of computability by mapcodes. We show that mapcodes not only define programs as mathematical entities in a natural manner, but also they are equivalent to Turing machines. The equivalence is shown by proving that the class of mapcode computable functions coincides with the class of Turing computable functions. A sufficient condition for termination of a mapcode is also proved and a related problem is raised.


For an undirected graph G=(V, E), the Rural Postman Problem (RPP) is a problem that finds a minimum cost tour that must pass edges in E'( E) at least once. RPP, such as Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), is known as an NP. Complete problem. In the previous study of RPP, he structure of the chromosome is constructed by E' and the direction of the edge. Hence, the larger the size of IE' I is, the larger the size of the chromosome and the size of the solution space are. In this paper, we transform the RPP into a Hamiltonian graph and use a genetic algorithm to solve the transformed problem using restructured chromosomes. In the simulations, we analyze our method and the previous study. From the simulation results, it is found that the results of the proposed method is better than those of the previous method and the proposed method also obtains the near optimal solution in earlier generations than the previous study.


It uses MSP430F449 SCM and terminal-type bus system to develop the devicenet field bus interface of variable polarity plasma welding power source.It takes IGM welding robot as a field bus station.Modifying the up and down going data communication protocol between the IGM robot and variable polarity plasma power source.Successfully achieving that the IGM welding robot controls the variable polarity plasma welding power by the way of field bus.


In this paper, a new integral sliding mode control scheme is proposed for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems. First, a nonlinear integral sliding surface is constructed such that the switched system under the sliding mode is exponentially stable for switching laws with an average dwell time switching property. Then, variable structure controllers are designed to guarantee the existence of the sliding mode from the initial time. Robustness of the closed-loop system in the whole state space is obtained. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.


We review recent progress in the mathematical theory of quantum disordered systems: the Anderson transition (joint work with Domingos Marchetti), the (quantum and classical) Edwards-Anderson (EA) spin glass model and return to equilibrium for a class of spin glass models, which includes the EA model initially in a very large transverse magnetic field.


In this paper, the authors describe their work on a new solar cells fabrication process, based on the use of rapid thermal diffusion (RTD) from spin-on techniques, laser assisted treatments to get selective emitter structures and screen-printing. The homogeneous lightly doped emitter is first made by rapid thermal diffusion from a P-doped spin-on glass (SOG) film. Laser overdoping of contact regions follows, to form the selective emitter structure, by writing the grid pattern using a laser beam. Finally, screen-printing is used to obtain the contacts; proper solutions have been developed for optical realignment to the laser pattern, with a resolution of about 10 microns. The authors have prepared several batches of small area solar cells, made by using these processes separately, with the aim of studying the influence of the main laser and dopant parameters on solar cell performances. A further step has been to use all the processes together. Large area device preparation is in progress.


Calculation of thermal loads of buildings adapted for cooling in summer and heating in winter is important for the accuracy of the design and the appropriate choice of equipment for the adaptation of air and air handling units in order to meet the requirements of operation, thermal comfort and good distribution of air in the adapted place. This paper presents some consideration of cooling load calculation techniques. The numerical calculations are performed for a certain building in Basra, which is located on a longitude of 47.78 ° and N 32 latitude with two floors.


Marine engine simulator systems,which are critical to modern navigational education,can simulate the marine automatic engine room in combination with both hardware and simulation software.In these systems,most sensor signals are produced by signal generators.In this study,a newly-developed marine engine simulator,which is designed based on the automatic engine room of a 5600 TEU container ship,is developed with integration of recent embedded technologies.In particular,it can simulate various frequently-used standard sensor signal sources.Up to date,it is applied for a simulation training system in Jiangsu Maritime Institute.In addition,this system has proven its high operability and precision.


INTRODUCTION DURING the last six years numerous claims have been made that the intravenous infusion of an emulsion of vegetable fat followed by an intravenous infusion of human plasma or a protein hydrolysate has a rational place in the treatment of surgical patients who are in negative nitrogen balance as the direct consequence of catabolic oxidation of their tissue proteins. Such patients fall into the following three categories:I. Those in whom the negative balance is due to the well-defined acceleration of general metabolism which follows all kinds of tissue injury and is the inevitable consequence of the controlled trauma of a major surgical operation. 2. The emaciated and dehydrated patients whose negative nitrogen balance is due to progressive inability to take an adequate diet by mouth. This group includes all patients having a simple or malignant stricture of the oesophagus, an intestinal fistula, or paralytic ileus of more than a few days' duration. 3. The malnourished and dehydrated patients in (2) whose disease is amenable to radical surgery. Such patients are given preoperative intravenous fat and plasma hydrolysate to lessen the negative balance produced by their disease, and postoperatively to diminish the negative balance induced by the trauma of operation. Intravenous fat therapy in patients in negative nitrogen balance is based on the fact that if a suitable emulsion of fat is given intravenously it is completely metabolized, is not deposited in the tissues, and is not excreted as fat. Intravenous fat provides a concentrated source of calories and prevents or reduces the catabolic destruction of the tissue proteins of the emaciated or injured patient. Each intravenous infusion of fat must be followed by an intravenous infusion of an adequate quantity of plasma, a protein hydrolysate, or a mixture of essential amino-acids. If the energy needs of the patient are met by catabolism of the intravenous fat, the plasma or protein hydrolysate will then be utilized in the synthesis of tissue protein and will lessen or abolish the negative nitrogen balance. Ample evidence is now available that intravenous fat and amino-acids as a form of parenteral nutrition have a rational place in the treatment of severely emaciated surgical patients whose negative nitrogen balance is due to slow starvation. The intravenous infusion of fat and amino-acids is also claimed to be a rational form of therapy in the treatment of surgical patients whose negative nitrogen balance is not necessarily associated with the emaciation of slow starvation but is the direct consequence of a sustained metabolic response to many varieties


An adroit parliamentary performer, with substantial economic and legal credentials, Minister Julie Bishop, has experience of higher education having served as a member of Murdoch University Senate, and acted as Chair of the University of Western Australia's Town Planning Appeals Tribunal. Her appointment as a Minister raises questions on her ability to take on the difficulties in higher education, and the problems faced by the universities in particular.


The International Fluid Power Conference is a two day event, intended for all those professionally-involved with hydraulic or pneumatic power devices and for all those, wishing to be informed about the 'state of the art', new discoveries and innovations within the field of hydraulics and pneumatics. The gathering of experts at this conference in Maribor has been a tradition since 1995, and is organised by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Maribor, in Slovenia. Fluid Power conferences are organised every second year and cover those principal technical events within the field of fluid power technologies in Slovenia, and throughout this region of Europe. This year's conference is taking place on the 19th and 20th September in Maribor.


Was the Depression forecastable? After the Crash, how long did it take contemporary economic forecasters to realize how severe the downturn was going to be? How long should it Have taken them to come to this realization? These questions are addressed by studying the predictions of the Harvard Economic Service and Yale's Irving Fisher during 1929 and the early 1930's. The data assembled by the Harvard and Yale forecasters are subjected to modern statistical analysis to learn whether their verbal pronouncements were consistent with the data. We find that both the Harvard and Yale forecasters were systematically too optimistic, yet nothing in the data suggests that the optimism was unwarranted.


Achieving stabilization in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels calls for per capita reductions in excess of 50% from today's levels in the next half century. Hydrogen systems could provide both immediate and long-term emission reductions to achieve this goal. The emission benefits of hydrogen technologies derive not just from the increased efficiency associated with hydrogen-based energy conversion processes such as fuel cells, but also from the consideration of hydrogen as an energy carrier and industrial feedstock within a larger energy system. Because of our abundant energy resources and leadership in hydrogen technologies, Canada is well positioned to lead in the transition to a hydrogen economy. This paper looks at strategies for the transition to hydrogen-based energy systems that were developed through workshops involving 60 representatives from Canadian industry, government and academia. The purpose of these workshops was to: examine near-term technologies; determine whether the development of hydrogen technologies could be accelerated within the time frame for greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions in Canada's Project Green initiative, yielding a "visible" contribution at reasonable cost (> IMT reduction in CO2 equivalent emissions); and establish a direction for future energy processes that will address the need for far greater emission reductions in the future.


Abstract The present work describes a procedure based on the knowledge of the sand structure morphology, the sand mobility, the characteristics of the substrata underlying the sand accumulations and the vegetation (present and potential). It makes zone identification possible in a region where sand dune fixation is necessary. Its purpose is to allow an optimization (efficiency and cost) of the fight undertaken for the sand dune fixation in arid zones. The procedure is applied to an identified situation in southern Tunisia and gives some possible treatments among the most appropriate for each zone.


The new thinking of editing is a creative thinking, through the anlaysis of its producting feature and the physics mechinism,we proposed the imaginative induction,the related comparision,the all-angel analysis,the backward thinking,which are productive method of the new thinking,and pointed out the function of the edit working.


Introduction: The Co-word analysis has the ability to identify the intellectual structure of knowledge in a research domain and reveal its subsurface research aspects. Objective: This study examines the intellectual structure of knowledge in the field of nanomedicine during the period of 2009 to 2018 by using Co-word analysis. Materials and Methods: This paper develops a scientometric approach about nanomedicine over a data set of 2,798 documents published over a period of 10 years (2009–2018) on PubMed databases. The data was analyzed using co-word, clustering methods and strategic diagram assisted by SPSS, Ucinet, and VOS viewer software. Result: The top journal that published papers on the field was Nanomedicine (London, England). The results showed that the keyword "nanoparticles" and two pairs of frequently-used keywords namely "Drug delivery systems * Nanoparticles" were the most frequent in the field of nanomedicine. Application of hierarchical clustering led to the formation of 9 clusters. The cluster "Drug Delivery System (emphasis on cancer)" is the core cluster and plays an effective role. The other clusters like "Nano diagnostic", "Drug design" and "Renovated Medicine" are in marginal. Conclusion: This study represented that Co-Word analysis can well illustrate the intellectual structure of an area. The frequency of keywords as well as formed clusters demonstrate that the majority of research approaches include Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology. Despite the importance of other aspects as well as Nanosafety/ nanotoxicology and new medical products and equipment such as nanorobots have not been considered.


While the questions of governance and community participation are distinct, their operationalisation in the context of local government is not always mutually exclusive. As a result, issues of governance and community participation have continued to be of interest in most developing countries. For local government as an important sub-national government structure within the Southern African Development Community, there are a myriad of both opportunities and problems associated with the decentralisation of their powers. This article argues for a need to reconfigure governance and community participatory models so as to maintain the relevance of local government structures in African countries. Anstein's public participation model is propounded for the purpose of analysing these participation models. Embedded in the discussion is the legislative and functional consideration regarding configuration and governance of local government. The examination of the ward committees in South Africa and village development committees in Botswana as institutionalised and legitimate participatory fora for local community members remains a key focus. In the final analysis, an analogue and critique regarding opportunities and challenges for local governance and participation issues in South Africa and Botswana are provided.


ABSTRACT
Title: The effect of financial ratios and firm size on financial distress. This study aimed to examine the effect of liquidity to financial distress, leverage effect of the financial distress, the effect on the profitability of financial distress, the effect on the activity of financial distress, and the influence of the size of the company against financial distress. The samples in this study using purposive sampling of mining companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2011-2014). Samples used as many as 60 samples from 15 companies for four years. The method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that liquidity, leverage, profitability, activity and firm size affect the financial distress.
Keywords: Liquidity, leverage, profitability, activity, company size, financial distress.

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh likuiditas terhadap financial distress, pengaruh leverage terhadap financial distress, pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap financial distress, pengaruh aktivitas terhadap financial distress, dan pengaruh ukuran perusahaan terhadap financial distress. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dari perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2011-2014). Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 60 sampel dari 15 perusahaan selama 4 tahun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas, leverage, profitabilitas, aktivitas, dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap financial distress.
Kata Kunci: Likuiditas, leverage, profitabilitas, aktivitas, ukuran perusahaan, financial distress.


a less disciplined author. A quibble is that the author is not a maritime historian and does not have a familiarity with ships and ship-handling of the period, resulting in some errors on, for example, the relative efficiency of square and lateen rig. This book is a clear-sighted account of a far from straightforward trading and seafaring career in a complex and turbulent period in which global trade was struggling into existence. In this lies its value and interest to maritime historians. BIll Jones leIcester http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2021.1940593 © Bill Jones


Abstract This article analyzes the situation of human resources in Romanian banks, in the context of the implementation of the "remote" bank. With the acceleration of digitalisation, financial and banking institutions are going through a complex transformation process. Most of the recurring customer operations have been taken over by internet banking platforms. Banking 4.0 and the exclusively digital banking experience is becoming the desire of financial-banking institutions in our country, as well. In the context in which the "job description" of bankers is changing substantially, the question of their future arises. Therefore, digitalisation draws attention to the need for continuous retraining and continuous professional training of employees in this sector so that they can face the demands of the banking of the future. With the help of in-depth interviews conducted with 8 managers or experts from the financial-banking field, we tried to analyze whether Romanian banks are preparing for the full digitalisation of retail services through the professional training of employees. The study shows us interesting insights about the effectiveness of HR departments in banks. Also, a relevant result comes from branch employees where there is a solid concern about losing their job in the future. In addition, the research gives us some direction on the skills needed to design the banker of the future. The article shows us that, in the context of digitalisation, the qualification of human resources in the sector becomes essential and the efficiency of professional training and engagement programs turns into a strategic objective for organizations.


Heavy metals are significant pollutants in the rivers due to their toxicity and potential to accumulate in the environment. Shar Chai River is the biggest river in the Urmia North West of Iran. The aim of this study was to assess heavy metal contamination (As, Zn, Pb, Cr) at various times over one year and compare with WHO drinking water guidelines. Along the Shar Chai, agricultural, urban and industries drain their wastewater into the river. Samples were collected from six stations along the river, from April 2002 up to March 2003. Heavy metals concentrations were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed that the annual minimal, maximal, mean and standard deviation concentration of lead in site1 and 6 were 0.009, 0.17, 0.05, 0.079 mg/l and 0.012, 0.2, 0.07, 0.081 mg/l respectively. The seasonal mean concentration of lead in summer and autumn was 0.11, 0.12 mg/l respectively. In comparison, all remaining heavy metal results are relatively low and well below international standards. Analysis of the relationship between pH and concentration of metals in the river water (As, Zn, Cr, Pb) showed that lead displays a slightly higher correlation with pH. Findings also showed that the concentration of lead displayed greater seasonal variation than the other metals investigated. It is concluded that it would be an advantage to store water in a reservoir during winter in order to reduce lead concentrations in the drinking water.


General Coriolis zeta sums are derived for all molecules belonging to tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral point groups. For all infrared‐active species, the zeta sum is given by ∑ ζi=m0+12(δr+δg+1)m−12(δr+2), where m0=1 or 0 depending on whether or not a central atom is present; m is the number of sets of equivalent nuclei on threefold or higher symmetry axes, but not on all symmetry elements; δr=1 or 0 depending on whether or not the rigid rotations belong to the infrared‐active representation; and δg=1 for Point Group Th and zero for all other point groups. Several related matters are considered, including the definition of the signs of individual zetas. The application of these zeta sums to the analysis of vibrational spectra is treated briefly, especially with regard to the contours of unresolved bands.


Background: The clinical safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been repeatedly confirmed; nevertheless, the possible onset of local oral symptoms is still a concern, and nothing is known about the pathogenesis of this effect. We aimed to determine whether the administration of SLIT in allergic children can evoke an IgE‐mediated reaction, by measuring the levels of sublingual tryptase and ECP.


T he Care Quality Commission (CQC) is the independent regulator of health and social care in England. It makes sure that care in hospitals, dental practices, ambulances, care homes, people's own homes and elsewhere meets national standards of quality and safety. The CQC has recently published its second update report on the performance of care services in England in the 9 months up to 31 December 2012 (CQC, 2013). Care Update (Issue 2) draws on information from CQC inspections, a wide range of data, and other sources, and builds on the views and experiences of people who use services. The report states that there are encouraging signs of improvement in some care sectors, but that there are early signs of deterioration in others. The report also notes areas of care that are still falling short of what is acceptable and highlights concerns around the quality of services for people with mental health issues and learning disabilities. Its findings show that people living in care homes who have dementia are more likely to go to hospital with avoidable conditions such as urinary infections and are more likely to stay longer, be readmitted or die than those who do not have dementia.


In the autumn of 1765, as he completed his legal studies, Thomas Jefferson bought a copy of George Sale's translation of the Qur'an: The Koran; Commonly Called the Alcoran of Mohammed (1734). Jefferson had been led to the Qur'an by Samuel Pufendorf's Of the Law of Nature and Nations (1716 ), which referred to the Qur'an as the foundation of law in the Muslim world. Jefferson bought a second copy sometime after 1770, when a fire destroyed his house and books. This copy now resides with the rest of Jefferson's books in the Library of Congress. Congressman Keith Ellison took his oath of office on Jefferson's Koran in 2007. The very existence of this book—a translation of the Qur'an Jefferson owned—sparked Denise Spellberg, a professor in the Middle Eastern Studies Department at the University of Texas, to begin her meditation on the American republic's Founders and their engagement with Islam. More than any of his contemporary Founders, Jefferson was engaged with Islam and the Muslim world. As American minister to France in the 1780s, he was the first line of contact for American prisoners in Algiers, and he advocated using military force—even building a navy—to fight the Barbary States; as president he conducted a war against Tripoli. Jefferson also had much to say on religious liberty, as his Statute for Religious Freedom (one of three things he wanted carved on his grave) guaranteed religious freedom, in his words, to "the Jew and the Gentile, the Christian and the Mahometan, the Hindoo, and Infidel of every denomination" (p. 119). Jefferson's pluralistic inclusion, his Enlightenment vision of freeing individuals, is for Spellberg a shade different: "To many of his political opponents, Thomas Jefferson may have been our first Muslim president" (p. 271). She adds, "many of his own countrymen considered their president an atheist, an infidel, or even a Muslim outright" (p. 224). Spellberg does not name those political opponents or tell us how many of his countrymen thought Jefferson "a Muslim outright." For those unnamed opponents, Jefferson's affinity for Islam was a negative; for Spellberg it is a positive. Jefferson, in her view, was the "founding father of Muslim rights in America" (p. 122).


The forest eco-compensation has become the focus that draws great attention of the interna- tional community,national governments,international organizations and enterprise groups.Since more than 20 years,the forest eco-compensation in China has gained an obvious development result and some problems have appeared also.Based on the definitude of connotation for forest eco-compensati- on,the main problems in China's forest eco-compensation practice were analyzed,and the better poli- cy advice for forest eco-compensation in China to promote sustainable development of forestry was discussed in this paper.


The passenger behavior characteristics during the booking process were analyzed and the microscopic simulation model of ticket office queuing system with balking and reneging was developed based on queuing theory.The objective function in order to minimize the average waiting time was presented.Based on these,a sensitivity analysis was performed and the effect of the changes in the deployment quantity of TVM(Ticket Vendor Machine) and the share rate of TVM on the optimal average waiting time of the queuing system was investigated.The simulation results show that keeping the share rate of TVM remains unchanged,there is a threshold in the deployment quantity of TVM terminal device and there is no obvious reduction in the average waiting time of passengers when the number of TVM exceeds the threshold.Keeping the deployment quantity of TVM remains unchanged,there is also a threshold in the share rate of TVM and can lead to the increase in the average waiting time and the decrease in the service level when the share rate exceeds the threshold.


In this study, a mathematical model of a struck ship based on the dynamic stiffness of the hull was developed; a comparison of the impact of collision in the models of dynamic stiffness and static stiffness, showed that the vibration amplitude in the dynamic stiffness was larger than that in the static stiffness in the stress accumulation stage. A simulation of shafting in colliding ships was performed based on a finite-element model using the ANSYS software, and the numerical simulation values and theoretical values were observed to be similar. To analyze the influence of ship collision on propulsion shafting, a test rig on ship collision based on dynamic stiffness was designed, and the experimental values agreed well with the numerical simulation values. From a practical perspective, this study could generate a map similar to an operating guide.


The existence of various medical theories and systems and various therapeutic methods make up the overall connotation of modern medicine. Opinions as to the overall understanding of medicine varies, the most important of which is based on the concept that medicine is based on the understanding of man. On this point, modern medicine is more or less defective, while the theories and practice of traditional Chinese medicine provide unique insight into understanding of human factors.


( 21 ) Appl . No . : 16 / 107 , 869 ( 22 ) Filed : Aug . 21 , 2018 Related U . S . Application Data ( 60 ) Provisional application No . 62 / 594 , 478 , filed on Dec . 4 , 2017 , provisional application No . 62 / 548 , 515 , filed on Aug . 22 , 2017 . Impedance is detected between electrodes coupled to an indwelling medical device to monitor bacteria growth and / or formation of a bacterial biofilm in an in vivo environment . When an antimicrobial agent is present in the in vivo environment , the same voltage that enables impedance detection also generates a bioelectric effect , which decreases a size of the bacterial biofilm or inhibits growth of the bacterial biofilm . In some embodiments , the impedance detected between the electrodes can also be used as a feedback mechanism . When detection indicates that a bac terial biofilm has formed , the system can take remedial measures , such as introducing an antimicrobial agent to the in vivo environment and / or delivering a voltage higher than detecting voltage to deliver a greater bioelectric effect . In some embodiments , the electrodes can be formed on a flexible substrate that is mounted on and conforms to a non flat surface of the indwelling medical device . Publication Classification ( 51 ) Int . Cl . A61M 5 / 00 ( 2006 . 01 ) A61M 25 / 00 ( 2006 . 01 )


Hobbie, Holly. Elmore. Random House Children's Books, New York, 2018.
Holly Hobbie's Elmore is a heartwarming story about a lonely porcupine determined to make friends. His prickly exterior makes the other animals scared of him at first, but through his creativity and inventiveness, he finds a way to help others embrace what makes him unique, all while staying true to himself.
The invaluable lessons that this picture book teaches are remarkable. Readers learn that what makes us different, makes us special; once we accept and appreciate our differences and share what we have to offer, others will get to know, accept, and appreciate us for who we are. This book also teaches its readers to not 'judge a book by its cover'. Elmore was judged by the other animals because of his prickly quills, but once he celebrated his differences and the other animals learned what made him special, they felt lucky to be his friend.
Hobbie's use of language is powerful and provides young readers with the opportunity to learn and have discussions about new vocabulary, such as solitude, emphatically, and tuckered out. Hobbie's whimsical illustrations are adorable and charming, and her realistic portrayal of Elmore's facial expressions are endearing; readers empathize and grow to love Elmore.
This book is highly recommended as a real-aloud for elementary school educators and parents alike, because it creates opportunities to discuss the hidden messages within the story. Children will be able to make their own connections with Elmore and feel comforted by the fact that making friends isn't always easy, but others will learn to accept them for who they are, once they accept themselves.
Editor's note: It is worth reading more about the author and the history of her namesake character. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holly_Hobbie
Highly Recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Valerie Mayzel
Valerie Mayzel is a fourth-year student in the Elementary Education program at the University of Alberta. She is very excited to begin her career as a teacher and is looking forward to incorporating a variety of literature in her lessons to support student learning.


Study design: Within subjects test-retest design. Background: Neural tissue provocation tests (NTPTs) are used clinically to examine neural tissue mechanosensitivity in patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Previous studies suggest the median and radial nerve biased tests can be applied reliably using external fixation devices. Transfering these reliability data to a clinical setting where external fixation devices are not used may not be appropriate. Although median nerve biased NTPT can be applied reliably without external fixation devices, no data exist for the radial and ulnar nerve biased tests. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine intrarater reliability of the NTPTs biased toward the radial and ulnar nerves without external fixation devices. Methods and measures: The NTPTs biased towards the radial and ulnar nerves were examined on 45 asymptomatic participants. The examiner's perception of firm resistance defined the end position of each NTPT. Elbow range of motion was measured at this end position with an electrogoniometer. The order of NTPTs and side tested were randomized for each participant. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in elbow extension or flexion mobility between two trials for each NTPT (p > 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(2,1)) values ranged from 0.65 to 0.81 and minimal detectible difference (MDD) values ranged from 9.20 to 13.44 degrees. Conclusion: The examiner in this study was able to apply the NTPTs biased toward the radial and ulnar nerve in a reliable fashion on asymptomatic participants without external fixation devices. This study provides a basis for further research to investigate interexaminer reliability and between session reliability in a symptomatic population.


In order to efficiently perform morphological binary operations by relatively large structuring elements, we propose to decompose each structuring element into squares with 2 X 2 pixels by the quadtree approach. There are two types of decomposition--the dilation decomposition and the union decomposition. The first type decomposition is very efficient, but it is not necessarily always possible. The decomposition of second type is available for any structuring element, but the time cost of computation is proportional to the area of the structuring element. The quadtree decomposition proposed here is the combination of these two types of decomposition, and exists for any structuring element. When the Minkowski addition A (direct sum) B or the Minkowski subtraction A - B is computed, the number of times of the union/intersection of translations of the binary image is about the number of leaves of the quadtree representation of the structuring element B, which is roughly proportional to the square root of the area of B. In this paper, an algorithm for quadtree decomposition is described, and experimental results of this decomposition for some structuring elements are shown.


Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation is one of the hallmarks of apoptosis. Because the low molecular weight DNA fragments are extracted during cell staining in aqueous solutions, apoptotic cells can be identified on DNA content frequency histograms as cells with fractional ("sub‐G1") DNA content. The aim of the present study was to explore whether in situ DNA fragmentation during apoptosis is discontinuous or progresses incessantly and if it is discontinuous, to define the resistant to cleavage fraction of DNA that remains stainable with the fluorochrome.


The acceleration of macroscopic particles up to velocities of 10 cm/s has attracted interest recently because it offers the theoretical possibility of igniting a small thermonuclear explosion [1,2]. It can be shown, however, that to trigger a thermonuclear explosion at impact in liquid T~D, the particle must have a dimension larger than approximately 10" cm. The kinetic energy at impact must be larger than 10 erg; this completely rules out lasers, which have been proposed for the same purpose.


Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a destructive osseous lesion characterized by eosinophils and histiocytes. Eosinophilic granulomata is a localized and mildest form of LCH. A four year old girl presented with mild pain and mobility of prematurely seen mandibular permanent first molar and primary molars on the right side of mandibular region. The gingiva in the involved area was inflamed. A well-defined radioluceny approximately 2cm in diameter with scooped out effect was seen in panoramic radiograph. Extraction of the involved teeth and surgical curettage of the lesion was done under general anesthesia. Obtained bony tissues were histopathologically examined which revealed histiocytic infiltration, further the condition was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The child underwent chemotherapy and steroidtherapy and responded good.


Coherent x-ray photons are generated by a free electron laser (FEL). In PAL-XFEL, a photon beam with a 0.1 nm wavelength is generated from an electron bunch based on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). An electron bunch with an uncorrelated energy spread in a level of 3 keV, which is generated from the photocathode RF gun, may be sensitive to longitudinal micro-bunching instability. The energy spread of an electron bunch can be increased to suppress the instability by Landau damping. In order to control the uncorrelated energy spread, a laser heater system, which has a chicane with four dipoles chicane and a 0.5 m long undulator, was installed in the injector test facility (ITF) of PAL. In this paper, we introduce the parameters of the laser heater and heating effect on the electron bunch.


Abstract : The significance of this research and development to the Air Force is that a dual stage signal processor system has been developed which has a potential capability of achieving output data rates exceeding 2 Gbit/sec. The design is realized by a state-of-the-art solid state stage and an Electron-Beam- Semiconductor signal processor assembled in series. The former is fabricated from commercially available IC logic chips and has been efficiently interfaced with the EBS processor. The solid state processor multiplexes 64 ns input data pulses into 8 ns pulses to drive the EBS signal processor. The latter multiplexes 8 ns data pulses from 16 input lines into a single output. In this approach, information is placed on the electron beam and read out at the semiconductor target. Output pulse amplitude of one volt into 50 ohm and a pulse width of 0.5 ns has been achieved.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Individual variability in the response to pharmacological therapies is a major problem in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Comparative studies of phenotypes expressed by mice of the C57BL/6J (C57) and DBA/2J (DBA) inbred strains can help identify neurobiological determinants of this variability at preclinical levels. We have recently demonstrated that whereas young adult mice of both strains develop sign-tracking in a Pavlovian Conditioned Approach (PCA), a trait associated with dysfunctional behavior in rat models, in full adult C57 mice acquisition of this phenotype is inhibited by pre-frontal cortical (PFC) serotonin (5HT) transmission. These findings suggest a different role of 5HT transmission on sign-tracking development in mice of the two genotypes. In the present experiments, we tested the effects of the 5-HT synthesis booster 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and of the selective 5HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine on the development and expression of sign-tracking in young adult mice from both inbred strains. In mice of the C57 strain, administration of 5-HTP before each training session blocked the training-induced shift to positive PCA scores which indicates the development of sign-tracking, whereas the same treatment was ineffective in mice of DBA strain. On the other hand, a single administration of fluoxetine was ineffective in unhandled saline- and 5-HTP-treated C57 mice, whereas it enhanced the expression of positive PCA scores by mice of DBA strain treated with 5-HTP during training. These findings confirm the strain-specific inhibitory role of PFC 5-HT transmission on sign-tracking development by mice of the C57 strain and support the hypothesis that different genotype-specific neurobiological substrates of dysfunctional phenotypes contribute to variable effects of pharmacotherapies.


Nowadays a new science direction has arisen from decades of experimental work carried out in 20th century — micromechanics of contact processes (deformation, heat transfer, electric conduction). To determine contact area a dynamic elastic-plastic deformation problem is to be solved even in the simplest case — butt contact of two rough surfaces under pressure. It is followed by the solution of spatial boundary heat transfer problem to obtain nonstationary temperature distribution for two bodies. In principal, this stage is not difficult to perform with finite element program ANSYS. Meanwhile the questions concerning deformation and conduction through oxide films of metals as well as directional effect remain. In the literature there are attempts to simulate thermal contact conductance numerically of such authors as M.K.Thompson, S.Lee et al, M. Ciavarella, M.M.Yovanovich and others. The disadvantages of existing spatial models are: - surfaces profiles has no random component; - only elastic or only plastic material behavior; - microroughness is not considered. In the present work the roughness before contact of two rough surfaces of copper bodies was presented as spatial two-level (roughness and microroughness) model with the use of fractal Weierstrass–Mandelbrot function. In quasistatic approach the 3D deformation and heat transfer problems of contacting bodies under pressure were solved within elastic-plastic material behavior. Contact ANSYS elements were used. Copper compression diagram was replaced by multilinear model of isotropic hardening. From the cycle of calculations real contact areas, shapes of contact spots, temperature and stress distributions were determined for the range of pressures. Good agreement with experimental data took place only when microroughness is considered.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The role of Dokuchaev's pedology in solving topical problems related to the genesis, ecology, and amelioration of soils is considered. The main stages in the development of Dokuchaev's doctrine of soil-the fourth kingdom of nature-are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of natural and artificial waterlogging of soils as a factor of soil formation and to the evolution of wetland soils. The main reasons behind the adverse changes in the soil cover of waterlogged areas are discussed, and ecologically safe measures to control these changes are suggested.


An ad hoc network is the cooperative engagement of a collection of mobile nodes without the required intervention of any centralized access point or existing infrastructure. Rapid development of mobile networks brings a lot of convenience to the people in their daily life. However, its dynamic nature and vulnerable-to-attack structure cause many secure problems which traditional networks can overlook, such as user anonymity, lightweight computation, impersonation attack. Therefore, we must solve these secure problems when we design an either authentication protocol or encryption algorithm or genetic algorithm or key management scheme for the mobile adhoc network


ciencies as well. What becomes apparent most of all in this book is that it gives living testimony to Bodo Nischan's assertion that confessionalization was comprehensive. From Susan Karant-Nunn's article on the suppression of religious affectation in the churches to Robin Barnes's examination of prophecy, astrology, and divination this collection touches on nearly all aspects of early modern life and is therefore a most fitting tribute to a scholar, colleague, and friend. DAVID M. WHITFORD Claflin University


Effects of C or N ion implantation on high temperature oxidation of heat-resistant alloys were studied for 18.0ks at 1473K in oxygen. Mass change of C-implanted Fe-20Cr-4Al alloy increased negatively. On the other hand, that of N-implanted Fe-20Cr-4Al alloy showed positive value. This fact suggested that oxide adherence of C-implanted Fe-20Cr-4Al alloy was improved.


Spallation of the ground surface accompanies all underground nuclear explosions of significant yield. This report discusses computer modelling used to investigate the physical processes that govern spallation and the amplitude and wavelength of motion at the free surface under a variety of conditions. Four events are selected: MERLIN which was conducted in desert alluvium; HEARTS which was conducted in tuff beneath the water table in Yucca Flat; TOWANDA which was conducted beneath the water table on Pahute Mesa; and HOUSTON which was conducted above the water table in very dense rock and Pahute Mesa. These span the range of test environments for Los Alamos underground nuclear tests.


The Young Persons Community Care Program (YPCCP), which was established to provide support, early intervention and respite to children and young people who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless because of a crisis or conflict at home, is discussed. The main objective of the program is to reduce the risk of youth homelessness and prevent family breakdown. The article highlights the need for a more holistic approach to working with families and the need for more funds.


Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.), starting its blooming in early spring, supplies colonies of wild Apoidea and honeybees with pollen and nectar flow under good weather conditions. The observations carried out in Lublin and neighbourhood concerned the number of capitula per 1 m and number of florets in a capitulum. Also, the sugar and pollen efficiency was investigated. Field experiment concerned 14 sites of blooming coltsfoot. Studies on the flowering of capitula as well as blooming of nectariferous and polleniferous disc florets were conducted on plants planted out in windowboxes and Mitcherlich's pots. Pollen efficiency was determined with the ether method, nectar productivity using the washing method. Under good conditions coltsfoot may supply about 58 kg of honey and 15 kg of pollen per 1 ha area. Floral nectary in a disc floret was located at the base of pollen presenter. Nectar was secreted through stomata. Numerous chromoplasts were present in a secretory parenchyma. A single floret bloomed 2 days whereas a capitulum — 9 days. In early spring flowering patches of coltsfoot attracted mainly females of bumblebees and solitary bees building nests after overwintering.


To detect the expression of B7-H3 antigen in synovial tissues from rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients,the expression and distribution of B7-H3 antigen was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Moreover,fluorescence double-staining was further used to characterize the cell type which express B7-H3.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that B7-H3 positive cells were found in RA synovium,and fluorescence double-staining further demonstrated that B7-H3 positive cells were CD68+ macrophages,CD31+ endothelial cells as well as CK-18+ epithelial cells.In contrast to other members of the B7 superfamily,the expression of B7-H3 was also found on B7-DC+ as well as HVEM+ capillary,but not on B7-H1+ and B7-H4+ cells.The expression of B7-H4 was observed on the surface of several kinds of cell types within synovial tissues of RA patients,indicating that this signal might be involved in regulating local T cell activation and finally participates pathogenesis of RA.


Urban heat island (UHI) is a patch of region in the urban area where the temperature is threateningly warmer than its surrounding city area. In today's world, the increasing growth of this environmental phenomenon is one of the major threats that are causal to global warming and other climatic degradations. In our research work, we are aiming to predict and forecast the UHI pattern in future by modeling their past trend with a novel data fusion approach. We consider the carbon dioxide (CO2) and land surface temperature (LST) to be the major contributing factors for the UHI occurrence.


The preparation of α P 2W 17 O 10- 61 film modified electrode is described. Different electrolyte pH or medium solution and scanning potential range have strong influence on the characteristic of the electrode. The electrode has a catalytic effect on the reduction of bromate. The catalytic current and concentration of bromate show a good linearity in the range of 7.0×10 -4 ~1.0×10 -6 mol/L. The electrode had been applied to the determination of bromate.


Seafaring is a very specific occupational environment and seafarers are exposed to many health risks. On the other hand, regular medical examinations are obligatory to get permission for working onboard. We sought to estimate relative risk of hospital contacts due to neoplasms, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among seafarers compared to farmers, as a relevant land-based trade.

 The participants were all seafarers and all farmers aged 18-65 year at the baseline and residing in Denmark. Two cohorts with baselines in 2002 (n = 56,216) and 2012 (n = 42,000) were linked to records from Danish health registers. We calculated the hazard ratios of hospital contacts using Cox regression models separately for men and women.

 In all disease categories, the risk for hospital contact was greater among male seafarers compared with male farmers. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for the 2012 cohort for neoplasms, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.58), 1.16 (1.01 to 1.32), and 1.51 (1.28 to 1.78), respectively. Among female seafarers, the HR for the 2012 cohort for respiratory diseases was 1.58 (1.18 to 2.10), but for cardiovascular diseases 0.73 (0.54 to 0.99). Differences for neoplasms were marginal among women. The incident rates and differences decreased in cardiovascular diseases and increased in neoplasms and respiratory diseases, particularly in men.
 Conclusions:These data suggest that seafaring is associated, compared with farmers, with a substantially increased risk of neoplasms, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among men.

 Seafaring is associated, compared with farmers, with a substantially increased risk of neoplasms, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among men. The incidence rates were highest for CVD in men and for neoplasms in women.


A long-term business relationship of B2B type is one of the most desirable forms of cooperation aimed at the common and integrated pursuit of an increase in competitiveness and market value. Its advantage is primarily the mutual exchange of experiences and competencies on the basis of which innovative business solutions come into being. Among long-term forms of cooperation there is outsourcing, which consists in maintaining interdependent relationships conditioned by mutual trust and sharing responsibility. However, the standard conceptual model differs from the business reality. Many outsourcing contacts end in failure, the source of which is mainly the vaguely specified needs and expectations of the client. The analysis of the reasons for breaking contracts indicates the need for greater concentration at the stage of initiating and implementing the project. The aim of the paper has been to present the ways to use Balanced Scoreboard in order to establish the principle of successive and long-term cooperation. The objective has been accomplished on the basis of the empirical research conducted so far, which has been the basis for the identification of the key factors of the outsourcing relationship necessary to be taken into account in BSC.


A phase change memory device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided, which can prevent misalignment problem of the bottom electrode and diffusion stopper. The phase change memory device comprises the storage node and the switching element connected to the storage node. The storage node comprises electrode and phase-change layer(30). The diffusion stopper(20) includes the silicide compound between the electrode and phase-change layer. The silicide compound includes at least one among silicide, silicide oxide, and silicide nitride. The electrode is the bottom electrode(10).


In this paper, the transient stability improvement using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) has been designed with the application of the intelligent techniques such as combination of neural network and fuzzy logic. The Mamdani type fuzzy controller with constant center for output classes may not perform satisfactorily in all operating conditions. To overcome this limitation, it is made variable according to operating condition via a neural network. The Fuzzy logic controller uses four simple rules and two inputs (error and summation of error) which are derived from active power deviation at the bus following the UPFC. On the other hand, the inputs to the radial basis function neural network are taken as predisturbance real and reactive power at the generator bus whereas its output is the center of output classes of the fuzzy scheme. The performance of the new adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller is evaluated in a single-machine infinite-bus power system subjected to various transient disturbances which exhibits best damping performance in comparison to the Proportional and Integral ( PI) as well as the Mamdani type fuzzy controller.


Abstract : Our approach is based on the hypothesis that genetic anticipation occurs in some breast cancer families, and is characterized by a decrease in age of onset of the disease in successive generations of affected family members. Our objective is to identify putative breast cancer predisposition gene(s) which have undergone intergenerational expansions of trinucleotide repeats during germline transmission from mother to daughter using the Rapid Expansion Detection System. Recent investigations in other genetic diseases have revealed that anticipation is the result of expansion of trinucleotide repeats in disease susceptibility genes. We have successfully established the system for fragmentation of the digested DNA and its extraction from the gel slices. This provides better resolution of the repeats in the genome. Ligation reaction in the presence of a designed positive Androgen Receptor control sample has been optimized and vertical gel separation conditions have been established. Currently we have been optimizing the method to increase the signal detection of the repeats. Our approach has the potential to allow the rapid identification of novel breast cancer predisposition genes which will provide obvious benefits for families with breast cancer, as well as the potential for insights into the pathobiology of this devastating disease.


A discrete microsampling technique using an electrothermal tungsten-boat vaporization device has been applied to atmospheric pressure helium microwave-induced plasma emission spectroemtry. The detection limits of 10−10–10−9 g were obtained for Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, and P, and the reproducibilities were in the range of 2.4–11.4%.


Objective To explore the value of computer-aided diagnosis of hepatic carcinoma with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images by back propagation (BP) neural network. Methods DSA images of 32 cases with hepatic carcinoma were analyzed. According to the analysis results, computer-aided diagnostic model by using BP neural network was established. Then 100 random cases (55 cases without lesion, 45 cases with lesion) were input to verify diagnosis accuracy of the model. Results Computer-aided diagnostic model of hepatic carcinoma was established successfully. One hundred random sample data were analyzed by the model. The true positive rate was 91%, and the true negative rate was 95%. Conclusion BP neural network can be used as an assisted method for DSA diagnosis of hepatic carcinoma.

Key words:
Carcinoma, hepatocellular;  Digital subtraction angiography;  Back propagationneural network;  Diagnosis, computer-assisted;  Models, neural network


By combining the current situation of core competence cultivation in higher vocational colleges and development reality of college student associations,this paper discusses the working thoughts and operation mode of Gone with the Law Association,and puts forward related construction of operation mode to establish sustainable college student associations.


To examine the biological significance of thyroid hormones contained in eggs, the hormones were depleted from eggs by treating the mother fish with thiourea. Constantly spawning medaka (Oryzias latipes) were reared in fresh water containing 0.03% thiourea. The plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in the mother fish were about 8 and 5 ng/ml, respectively, before the treatment, and decreased to 1/5 of the initial levels within 1 day. Initial concentrations of T4 and T3 in eggs just after fertilization were about 4 and 1 ng/g, respectively, and decreased to less than 1/4 when the mother was treated with thiourea for 7 days. Minimum effective concentration of thiourea to decrease the hormone concentrations in mother's plasma and the eggs was 0.003%. During the course of normal development, egg thyroid hormones are maintained at the initial levels during the first 4 days, and continuously decrease toward hatching (10 days after fertilization). There was no difference between the normal eggs (derived from the mother fish without thiourea treatment) and hormone-deficient eggs (hormone concentrations were less than 1/10 of the control) in hatchability, the time of hatching, and survival under starvation. No difference was seen between the two groups in body weight, body length, condition factor, and survival rate 16 days after hatching. These findings indicate that more than 90% of the hormones contained in eggs are not essential for early development in medaka.


Recently, adaptive course generation has been focusing by several researchers. We have built ACGs system to create adaptive courses for each learner based on evaluating demand, ability, background and learning style of them. ACGs is also separated content from model of course and extended learning objects in order to using intelligent agent to help them choice effectively adaptive course.


Background and Purpose:
 Merci device fracture is an adverse event during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency and predictors of this complication in acute stroke patients after thrombectomy and its impact on clinical outcome.

 Methods:
 We retrospectively analyzed acute ischemic stroke patients treated by mechanical thrombectomy with the Merci Retriever and identified the presence of device fracture. The predictors of device fracture were assessed. We evaluated the impact of device fracture on potential hemorrhage and clinical outcome.

 Results:
 Of 136 patients treated by thrombectomy, 6 (4.4%) experienced intra-procedural device fracture. Internal carotid artery occlusion was associated with device fracture (OR 13.06; 95% CI 1.47 to 115.62,
 P
 =0.01). The fractured X and L series devices were successfully ensnared by a Merci device or a microsnare in 4 patients. Compared with patients with non-fractured devices, those with fractured devices had similar rates of Thrombolysis and Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade II and III revascularization (66.7% versus 72.3%;
 p
 =0.67), decreased rates of arterial occlusive lesion (AOL) grade III recanalization (0% versus 48.5%;
 p
 =0.03) and longer mean procedure time (2.5 hours versus 1.8 hours;
 p
 =0.03). In patients with fractured devices, no parenchymal hematomas were found, while hemorrhagic infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage were found in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. Decompressive craniectomy following thrombectomy for malignant edema was associated with device fracture (
 P
 =0.02). Patients with fractured devices had similar rates of independence at discharge (modified Rankin Scale≤2, 0% versus 25%;
 P
 =0.34) and in-hospital mortality (16.7% versus 23.4%;
 P
 >0.99).

 Conclusions:
 Device fracture is relatively infrequent in acute ischemic stroke patients treated by Merci thrombectomy. Target occlusion in the internal carotid artery is an independent predictor of intra-procedural device fracture. This complication is not associated with parenchymal hematomas or poor clinical outcomes after thrombectomy.


The proton spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 in solid thioacetamide were measured between 28.5 K and 200 K at two Larmor frequencies, 11.4 MHz and 25 MHz. The temperature dependence of 1/ T 1 was characterized by three maxima, two maxima observed around 90 K and 37 K showing the frequency dependence and the frequency independent one at 44 K. Taking into account two crystal-lographically inequivalent thioacetamide molecules, the temperature and Larmor frequency dependence of 1/ T 1 was explained by the contribution from the quantum mechanical and classical limit of tunneling rotation of the methyl groups around their C 3 axes.


The knowledge about forest diversity is important to formulate and support many management regimes and decisions. A sound description of forest diversity is becoming a key figure in forest management planning and ecological, biodiversity, and silviculture applications. The use of remote sensing data for forest monitoring has become a widely used methodology, and airborne laser scanning (ALS) and hyperspectral data are increasingly applied in this field. Moreover, it has been shown that remote sensing data fusion can be very useful in forestry applications. In this study, we tested these remote sensing sensors, both alone and combined, to model and predict forest structural diversity. The study area is located in the Italian Alps and it was scanned with airborne laser scanning and hyperspectral sensors. In the field, 47 sample plots were placed with the radius of 15 m. Among all the plots, 17 different tree species were recorded. The dominant species was Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst). The forest structural diversity measures explored were Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson's index, species richness, Gini coefficient of basal area, standard deviation of diameter at breast height, and diameter differentiation index. All these measures described tree species, size, and position diversity.


1. Ramaswamy A, Homer R, Killam J, et al. Comparison of transbronchial and cryobiopsies in evaluation of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol. 2016;23:14–21. 2. Ravaglia C, Bonifazi M, Wells AU, et al. Safety and diagnostic yield of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases: a comparative study versus video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy and a systematic review of the literature. Respiration. 2016;91: 215–227. 3. Schuhmann M, Bostanci K, Bugalho A, et al. Endobronchial ultrasoundguided cryobiopsies in peripheral pulmonary lesions: a feasibility study. Eur Respir J. 2014;43:233–239. 4. Sharp C, McCabe M, Adamali H, et al. Use of transbronchial cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease—a systematic review and cost analysis. QJM. 2017;110:207–214. 5. Segmen F, Aktas Z, Ozturk A, et al. How many samples would be optimal for endobronchial cryobiopsy? Surg Endosc. 2017;31:1219–1224. 6. Ganganah O, Guo SL, Chiniah M, et al. Efficacy and safety of cryobiopsy versus forceps biopsy for interstitial lung diseases and lung tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology. 2016; 21:834–841. 7. Johannson KA, Marcoux VS, Ronksley PE, et al. Diagnostic yield and complications of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy for interstitial lung disease. a systematic review and metaanalysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13:1828–1838. 8. Sasieta HC, Edell ES. Delayed hemothorax following bronchoscopic cryobiopsy: possible intercostal arterial thermal injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;193:A3261. A Case of Cerebral Air Embolism During Diagnostic Flexible Bronchoscopy


Cross-channel extrusion (CCE) is a new method which is designed to improve the process of manufacturing a bulk fine-grained material. The material can be deformed in the cross-shaped channel repeatedly without removing during extrusion time. The CCE process is potentially appropriate for industry application because of its continuing working ability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of CCE process and scandium on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al-5.6Mg-0.7Mn alloys. The result indicate that Al-5.6Mg-0.7Mn alloys with and without 0.3wt.% Sc after extrusion 6 passes at 300 ℃, fine-grained structures were observed with grain sizes of 1~2 μm and improvement of mechanical properties. Addition of Sc to Al-5.6Mg-0.7Mn alloys resulted in a uniform distribution of fine coherent Al3Sc precipitates which effectively pinned grain boundary to obtained equiaxed and fine grain after annealing 1hr at 500 ℃. The maximum elongation to failure of 873% was achieved at 450 ℃ and initial strain rate of 1x10-1 s-1 in an Al-5.6Mg-0.7Mn-0.3Sc alloy extruded by CCEP 6 passes at 300 ℃.


University partnership program aims to:(1) improve the performance and the quality of the guidance and counseling teacher in the school environment; (2) increase of innovations in managing the administration of guidance and based sociometri – sociogram. The devotion is carried out in the laboratory of instrumentation faculty of teacher training and educational science of University of Muhammadiyah Magelang, on 19 February 2018. Trainees are guidance and counselling teacher of vocational secondary school in Magelang city. Based on the result of the University partnership can be concluded this activity can improve the understanding and skill in the use of analysis sociometri–sociogram.


In the present invention, an effective amount of a compound of formula I (wherein, X and Y are the same or different and selected from a heteroatom; (a) is a double bond or single bond depending on the heteroatoms X and Y There; R


Background Hip fractures are extremely common and are considered a public health problem. The best anaesthetic technique for this surgery remains controversial. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of anaesthesia on perioperative and 30-day mortality and length of stay, in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Methods Adults undergoing hip fracture surgery, between January 1st, 2017 and December 31st, 2018, were retrospectively identified and categorized according to the anaesthetic technique. Perioperative and 30-day mortality rates and the length of stay were analysed. Results We identified 562 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, 361 of whom were submitted to general anaesthesia and 201 to regional anaesthesia. The adjusted analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the risk of perioperative and 30-day mortality (odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI: 0.62–2.03; odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI: 0.72–1.92) or length of stay (0, 9 days [–1.6 to 3.4], P = 0.301). Conclusions Our results were similar to those of studies already published in other countries. Within the limitations of our study, we concluded that there is no impact of the anaesthetic technique on perioperative and 30-day mortality rates and on the length of stay, for hip fracture surgery. In future studies, it will be opportune to investigate factors that influence the safety of anaesthetic techniques and that are subject to intervention by the anaesthesiologist.


a submerged structure of fluid spirals beneath the apparent linearity of the sixteen revelations. Dutton admits that some of the codicological evidence underpinning this study must be treated with caution, given the very late dates of the manuscripts for Julian's long text. And it is true that, at times, the arguments for the relation between the Revelation and the early fifteenth-century devotional compilation can seem a little thin, based on slightly slender or speculative premises. Nonetheless, this should not be allowed to detract from an appreciation of the excellent scholarship and usefulness of this study. Dutton provides an admirably clear account of the current state of codicological research on Julian's Revelation, supplemented by her own careful manuscript observations. She navigates the complex waters of the late medieval devotional compilation with assurance and authority and offers an invaluable overview, drawing out common features of form and structure and identifying characteristic approaches to the mediation of source material, and to didactic engagement with the reader. Finally, she offers a series of nigh-on faultless close readings of passages from the Revelation, weighing its complexities of voice, form, and texture with a judiciousness and balance that combine to render this book an important contribution to current Julian studies.


Since 1953,China's Five-Year Plan has experienced five stages: big push plan,semi-commanding plan,hybrid plan,directive planning and strategic planning.The contents transform from economic instruction plan to development strategic planning,from economic development to comprehensive one,the level from micro to macro,the focus from economic development to public services.We learn that the roles of market and planning both have pluses and minuses for development.They should be strengthened simultaneously,mutual complementary and mutual promotion.


At present, a one-way traffic configuration has been used to relieve increasing traffic congestion in many cities, most of which just aims at minimizing the total system travel time. But, as the era of low-carbon is coming, there is the need to plan the traffic operation organization from the perspective of environmental protection. First, this paper briefly summarizes domestic and foreign research status of one-way traffic organization. Then, the characteristics of vehicle emissions are briefly introduced. From the perspective of environmental protection, this paper presents further research of one-way traffic organization. Based on a one-way traffic organization layout scheme with the objective of minimizing the total system travel time which is conducted through a bilevel programming model and hybrid GA-MSA solution algorithm, this paper selects a suitable vehicle emissions model to calculate total emissions and carries on, through comprehensive selection and correction, in order to improve the one-way traffic organization layout scheme. The improved scheme can relieve traffic congestion while giving attention to environmental protection requirements. In addition, an application example is given to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.


Although it is considered that two heads are better than one, related studies argued that groups rarely outperform their best members. This study examined not only whether two heads are better than one but also whether three heads are better than two or one in the context of two-armed bandit problems where learning plays an instrumental role in achieving high performance. This research revealed that a U-shaped correlation exists between performance and group size. The performance was highest for either individuals or triads, but the lowest for dyads. Moreover, this study estimated learning properties and determined that high inverse temperature (exploitation) accounted for high performance. In particular, it was shown that group effects regarding the inverse temperatures in dyads did not generate higher values to surpass the averages of their two group members. In contrast, triads gave rise to higher values of the inverse temperatures than their averages of their individual group members. These results were consistent with our proposed hypothesis that learning coherence is likely to emerge in individuals and triads, but not in dyads, which in turn leads to higher performance. This hypothesis is based on the classical argument by Simmel stating that while dyads are likely to involve more emotion and generate greater variability, triads are the smallest structure which tends to constrain emotions, reduce individuality, and generate behavioral convergences or uniformity because of the ''two against one" social pressures. As a result, three heads or one head were better than two in our study.


A asthma, provides compounds for treating a patient allergic rhinitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The present invention provides the use of a composition for making asthma, allergic rhinitis, or compounds for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The composition, the monomer to be physiologically acceptable, dimer, oligomer, or lipid moieties or phospholipid moiety bonded with the polymer, and / or salt or thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable including pharmaceuticals. Further, the present invention provides the use of a composition for making asthma, a compound for the prevention of allergic rhinitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The composition, the monomer to be physiologically acceptable, dimer, oligomer, or lipid moieties or phospholipid moiety bonded with the polymer, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical including. .FIELD 1.10


Historically, the status of mental health services in the United States has depended upon the economic stability of the nation; much of the financial support of these programs has come from government sources. Since current budget reductions have somewhat curtailed NIMH-supported community and mental health center programs, it becomes increasingly important to systematically evaluate the changing relationship between the mental health professions and the society at large. The need for better administrative and fiscal supervision of community-based mental health service units as well as professional assessment of such centers is evident; unless evaluative data are gathered, social and professional growth may be stifled.


Abstract: As agriculture is one of the main occupations in India, it is very essential to discover and implement new ideas in this field, although a lot of work has been done in this area. It is a pity that these ideas are not properly implemented in the real field. This is due to the high cost and difficult for the rural population. Multi-purpose agricultural cutting equipment is the basic and main equipment involved in agriculture for maximum performance. The conventional method of planting and growing crops is a laborious process, and therefore there is a shortage of manpower, resulting in a delay in agriculture to overcome these difficulties. Multi-purpose agricultural equipment is designed. Agriculture plays a vital role in the Indian economy. Over 70% of rural households depend on agriculture. Agriculture is an important sector of the Indian economy, contributing approximately 8.4% to the total GDP and providing employment for over 60% of the population. Indian agriculture has experienced impressive growth over the past few decades. Keywords: Sugarcane Seed Cutting, Groundnut Stripper, Straw Cutting, Design, Fabrication, Modeling.


Treedepth is an increasingly popular graph invariant. Many NP-hard combinatorial problems can be solved efficiently on graphs of bounded treedepth. Since the exact computation of treedepth is itself NP-hard, recent research has focused on the development of heuristics that compute good upper bounds on the treedepth. In this paper, we introduce a novel MaxSAT-based approach for improving a heuristically obtained treedepth decomposition. At the core of our approach is an efficient MaxSAT encoding of a weighted generalization of treedepth arising naturally due to subtree contractions. The encoding is applied locally to the given treedepth decomposition to reduce its depth, in conjunction with the collapsing of subtrees. We show the local improvement method's correctness and provide an extensive experimental evaluation with some encouraging results.


The invention relates to the use of an inorganic material containing a carbonate, bicarbonate, oxide or hydroxide or a mixture thereof of calcium and magnesium, to wastewater to reduce or prevent wear of concrete by a dissolving attack.