Results of laboratory studies of hydrogen-induced redshift indicate light is shifted spectrally as found in space.[1] Due to improvement in telescopic equipment, vast regions of hydrogen in and around galaxies are now being found, the necessary ingredient for redshift. If this is the cause of the cosmological redshift, then a universe exists that is not expanding, and there was no big bang. This is an effort to compare the big bang model (BBM) to a great age model (GAM). Approximate distances and ages can still be determined based on amounts of red shift currently seen. Size of the universe might be much larger than currently thought. With a GAM, inflation and dark energy are not needed. GAM allows sufficient time for stars to have full life cycles. This process involves their birth, consumption of all their fuel, then cooling to the point of non-visibility naturally resulting in many times more cool or invisible stars than bright ones.


A model is proposed for a discrete-time one-unit repairable system with delay repair.It is supposed that the system has three states: normal,repair and waiting repair,and that the system life,repair time and waiting repair time all have general distribution.Using the method of stochastic process,the relation of system states is investigated,and a series of reliability indices are obtained such as reliability,availability,and the mean failure times.Finally,two examples are given to illustrate the proposed model.


Rank-based learning with the deep neural network has been widely used for image cropping. However, the performance of ranking-based methods is often poor and this is mainly due to two reasons: 1) image cropping is a listwise ranking task rather than a pairwise comparison and 2) the rescaling caused by pooling layer and the deformation in view generation damage the performance of composition learning. In this paper, we develop a novel model to overcome these problems. To address the first problem, we formulate the image cropping as a listwise ranking problem to find the best view composition. For the second problem, a refined view sampling (called RoIRefine) is proposed to extract refined feature maps for candidate view generation. Given a series of candidate views, the proposed model learns the Top-1 probability distribution of views and picks up the best one. By integrating refined sampling and listwise ranking, the proposed network called the listwise view ranking network (LVRN) achieves the state-of-the-art performance both in accuracy and speed.


a committee of the Economic Advisory Council with the following terms of reference: " To consider what practical measures can be taken to secure a reduction of disease among milch cattle in this country, and to report upon any changes desirable in the existing administrative practice, and, in particular, upon the value and practicability of methods for reducing the incidence of bovine tuberculosis and improving the milk supply." The Committee, with Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins in the chair, after receiving evidence from numerous sources, has at last published its eagerly awaited report.' Though the report itself contains a wealth of information on the frequency of disease in cattle and of milk-borne disease in man, on the nutritive value of milk, and on the effect of pasteurization on the individual constituents of milk, as well as a critical summary of existing legislation, it is on its proposed recommendations for improving the present position that interest must be chiefly centred. Before considering these in detail, it must be pointed out that the Committee has restricted itself almost entirely to bovine tuberculosis and its effect on the milk supply. It has left, at any rate temporarily, the problem of eradicating contagious abortion, mastitis, and Johne's disease to the initiative of the farmer, and ft has not squarely faced the problem of milk-borne disease, which would still exist even if tuberculosis was eradicated. The three main lines of recommended administrative development may be summarized as follows: (1) An extension of routine veterinary inspection. It is proposed that veterinary inspection should be made obligatory on all local authorities, and that a veterinary service should be built up consisting largely of wholetime officers with a training in veterinary State medicine. (2) An active policy for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis. It is realized that the Tuberculosis Order, 1925, has done nothing to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis in cattle, and that the only sound method for combating this disease is the building up of tuberculosis-free herds. To achieve this end a scheme is outlined, and various inducements are held out to owners to secure their co-operation in it. A list of tuberculosisfree herds (accepted herds) is to be instituted, together with a list of herds whose owners are making bona fide efforts under official control to free them of tuberculosis (supervised herds). Free veterinary advice and free tuberculin testing are to be provided, financial help where necessary is to be forthcoming, and a higher price is to be paid for milk from tuberculosis-free


An estimation method of sinusoidal parameters under coherent Gaussian noise and incoherent noise is theoretically put forward. In this method the singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied and the signal vector space and noise space are established, therefore, the amplitude, frequency and phase of sinusoidal signal can be estimated without almost any prior information about colored noise. The method has low signal to noise ratio of working threshold, good resolution and stability of spectral estimation.


����� ��� December 11, 2006: rosa Bazzi a.k.a. rosi (domestic worker) and her husband olindo romano (garbage man) decide it is time for action. For some time now, they have been planning to murder their upstairs neighbor—thirty-year-old raffaella Castagna. raffaella's husband, the handsome Azouz Marzouk, is away in Tunisia, the country from which he emigrated, for a few days. They want to take advantage of his absence. At approximately 8 p.m., they put on kitchen gloves and open their neighbor's door with a key that had been given to them by the former tenant. Unexpectedly, raffaella's mother is home too: olindo kills both mother and daughter. Youssef, raffaella's two-year-old son, cries desperately and rosi, following her husband, lifts him by the hair and stabs him in the neck. The child bleeds to death in half an hour of agony. rosi had it in for that child too: "that kid's always shouting," she kept repeating after she was uncovered as a murderer. The couple then set fire to various household objects and furnishings. At this point, another neighboring couple, 50-year-old Cherubini and her 60-year-old husband Frigerio, notice the smoke and head for raffaella's front door . . . olindo kills Mrs. Cherubini and cuts Mr. Frigerio's throat. The latter survives: after several days in a coma, he recovers and denounces his aggressor. investigators, however, had already uncovered olindo. After the massacre, the two murderers take off their blood-soiled clothes, and drive ten miles to the McDonald's An earlier version of this article appeared originally in german in Lettre International, 78, 2007. Contemporaneous newspaper reports provided crucial material for this essay.


Results of processing one to ten meter length Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+x}/Ag cold-rolled powder-in-tube tapes with uniform properties and high critical current densities are presented. Tape sections were processed by partial-melting and slow cooling and were free of bubble defects. Pancake coil magnets (ID = 1.25 cm) were fabricated with one to ten meter length tape sections by a wind-react-wind (WRW) method using different configurations, including single layer, multiple layer, single and double pancakes and different initial and final winding dimensions. The central magnetic fields of coil magnets were measured with a Hall sensor at 4.2 K and varied from 0.07 0.45 T, in excellent agreement with theoretical values calculated for coil dimensions such as OD, ID and I{sub c}. Critical current densities (J{sub c}`s) of one to ten meter length tape sections measured resistively after winding to magnet form were in the range of 32,000 A/cm{sup 2}--54,000 A/cm{sup 2} at 4.2 K. The bending strains exerted on coil segments from winding were calculated as {approximately}0.10--0.25% for the range of initial and final coiling dimensions tested. By measuring the J{sub c} vs bending strain properties of short length tapes, the drop in J{sub c} expected from winding strainsmore » was estimated as {approximately}65--75%. Combined with a measured {approximately}3--14% drop in J{sub c}`s from magnetic self field effects, transport J{sub c}`s of one to ten meter tape sections prior to winding were estimated as {approximately}55,000--80,000 A/cm{sup 2} at 4.2 K, {approximately}60--85% of J{sub c}`s of short length tapes processed under similar conditions. The possible operation of Bi-2212 coils at 20 K are discussed and the temperature dependence of J{sub c} for several processing conditions are presented.« less


Some physical, economic and agriculture aspects of the south of Xayabury Average rainfall is 1200 mm.year-1. A short dry season occurred from end of June to beginning of August Intensive agricultural development depends on local market accessibility and financial capacities of the local enterprises Main dryland crops are : maize, rice-bean, job's tears, peanut, rice and sesame Land allocation has started since 1996. Cropping system is largely opportunistic, no particular crop rotation is followed and usually no fallow period can be observed.


Rapidly quenched NdFeB ribbons were prepared by vacuum arc-remelting overflow and vacuum induction remelting,followed by subsquent crystallizing. Comparison was made between the powders made by the two routes on surface morphology,thickness and magnetic properties,etc. Experiment indicated that the property of powder prepared by vacuum arc-remelting overflow is lower than that by vacuum induction melting. Analysis reveased that the lowering of magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B powder prepared by vacuum arc-remelting overflow attributes to the nonhomogeneity of ribbon,mainly resulterd from the nonhomogeneity of melting pool temperature and unstability of melting surface height. Finally,the directionof improvement on technical process of rapid quenching of vacuum arc-remelting overflow was pointed out.


The Gas Research Institute (GRI) annual baseline projection of U.S. energy supply and demand provides a consistent framework of data which is used in planning GRI's R and D program. The report discusses two procedures which were used in generating the 1984 baseline projection: (1) natural gas availability and pricing data derived within the DRI Energy Model based upon production and price inputs from the GRI Hydrocarbon Model; and (2) fuel price and industrial production forecasts generated by the DRI Energy Model/EEA IFCAM Linkage.


This clinical report describes the restorations of a patient with severely worn dentition.The specific objectives of this treatment were to improve esthetic, phonetic and masticatory function. Treatments included combination of fixed restoration, composite resin restoration and removable partial denture. The evaluation and establishment of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is considered particularly important. Before placement of fixed restorations to increase the OVD,a removable splint and then provisional restorations must be tried to check the suitability of the increase in OVD. The 1,3,6,9 months recall examination revealed no pathology associated with the restorations, and the patientus esthetic and functional expectation were satisfied.


A systematic investigation of Bi on n-type GaP(110) with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), and ballistic-electron-emission microscopy (BEEM) is presented. The first 3 \AA{} of Bi grows in a quasiordered monolayer, forming alternating chain and vacancy segments along the Ga-P zigzag chains with a periodicity of about 23 \AA{}, which is consistent with the observed 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern. Additional Bi atoms aggregate to form \ensuremath{\simeq}10-\AA{}-high clusters, which suggests a Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. The STS results show that the Bi monolayer is semiconductorlike with a band gap of about 0.55 eV; in contrast, the clusters exhibit metallic character. A 50-\AA{} Bi film exhibited monocrystalline and atomically flat regions \ensuremath{\simeq}1000 \AA{} in extent, which are delineated from similar adjacent regions by height differences equal to a biatomic step. LEED shows an ordered, two-domain hexagonal surface structure that consists of a close-packed-hexagonal arrangement of Bi atoms, as observed by STM. BEEM reveals a uniform Schottky-barrier height of 1.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 eV at all measured positions across the sample surface.


Recently we were challenged to develop curricular materials to explore system dynamics as a foundation for engaging high school students in interdisciplinary studies. We needed to: engage student interest, be responsive to the schools' need to meet specific learning standards, foster an appreciation for crossing traditional disciplinary boundaries to address "real-world" issues, and provide students and teachers with opportunities to develop system dynamics mind-sets and tool-sets that could transfer to other scenarios.


The results of ovarian reserve testing are often viewed by patients as either good news or bad. The bad news is that, for patients with low ovarian reserve, implantation rates are generally poor and the possibility of successful pregnancy is very limited.


Background/aim Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been found to be a serious hurdle in the effective treatment of cancer. The rationale of this study was to isolate and characterize CD133+EpCAM+-enriched cells from the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line to prove their stemness phenotype. Materials and methods The CD133+EpCAM+ cells were sorted from the HepG2 cell line using magnetic cell sorting and specified by flow cytometry analysis of surface markers [CD13, CD24, CD34, CD44, CD90, CD133, and CD326 (EpCAM)] and transmission electron microscopy to confirm their identity as CSCs. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was applied for determining the expression level of stemness marker genes: Oct4, Nanog, ALDH1A1, Notch receptors (NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3), and cytokeratins (CK8/18/19). The proliferative ability of the isolated cells was identified through MTT assay, and their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay. Results The isolated CD133+EpCAM+ cells from the HepG2 cell line characterized by flow cytometry were positive for CD13 (81.8%), CD24 (24.4%), CD34 (3.36%), CD44 (92.0%), CD90 (39.7%), CD133 (82.3%), and CD326 (2.79%). Moreover, our data clarified from transmission electron microscopy examination that the isolated CD133+EpCAM+ cells exhibited irregular cell morphology and integral cell membrane structure. The sorted CD133+EpCAM+ cells possessed considerable increase in the mRNA level of Oct4, Nanog, ALDH1A1, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, and CK19 genes, whereas they showed significant decrease in the mRNA level of CK8 and CK18 genes versus CD133-EpCAM- cells. Moreover, starting from day 4 to day 10, the CD133+EpCAM+ cells showed a significant increase in their proliferation rate and displayed high resistance to chemotherapy (doxorubicin) contrary to CD133-EpCAM- cells. Conclusion On the basis of the aforementioned results, CD133+EpCAM+-enriched cells strictly represented CSC phenotype in the HepG2 cell line. These cells might be valuable for studying the mechanism of CSCs in hepatoma and screening novel targets for cancer therapy.


This text represents a discussion held from a survey that aimed to identify the issues and the contexts in the journal Psychology and Society and in the proceedings of the National Meetings of ABRAPSO, both published by the association, which cover the period from 2000 to 2010. From the data collected, it discusses the articulation of socio-political-cultural and social policies and projects context, in which the first reveals a high incidence and the second a low incidence in publications. Despite there is a big difference in the publication of papers that discuss these contexts, one perceives a gradual increase from one year to another in productions that belong to and that reflect the context of policies and social projects. These data, therefore, in addition to other factors, reveal the commitment of psychology in entering the spaces for the construction of public policies and social projects in order to ensure the promotion and defense of human rights and a society in which it is worth living, ie, interest in the construction of the common welfare.


In this paper a reduced scale model test on cable membrane roof of Shanghai Expo Central Axis is introduced. The membrane pre-stresses, cable forces and membrane geometry at the initial state are carefully inspected. Numerical form-finding analysis is also carried out and its result is compared with the inspecton. The behaviors of the membrane roof under breaking of cables are observed. Test proves the practicability of the project in aspects of system safety, analysis and inspection.


Two specified loads, Pb and Pc, of short-fiber-reinforced ABS composites with various fiber contents are determined by the stress intensity factor method. The loads of Pb and PC determined by this method are in good agreement with loads determined by the AE energy gradient method. The damage at the notch tip is observed through a monitor microscope at or near the loads of Pb and PC. The fiber breakage estimated from AE frequency analysis at the loads is considered to be the dominant factor of the damage mode. It was found that the loads of Pb and Pc are important parameters to clarify the fracture mechanisms of the composites.


Background: Benign adnexal tumor of skin is not commonly encountered in routine practice of surgical pathology. They exhibit heterogenous histological patterns. In both diagnostic and therapeutic point of view, it is essential to recognize these tumors. Objectives: This study was undertaken with the aim of assessing the incidence, clinicopathological characteristics and histopathological features of each cutaneous adnexal tumor. Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted for 5 years period from year 2011 to 2015 in the Institute of pathology, Madras Medical College, Chennai. Histopathological features were evaluated and their correlations with clinicopathological features were studied. Results: In this present study, when compared to the total burden of all cases reported in our institute, cutaneous adnexal neoplasm accounts for only 0.3%. There is slight female predilection. Among the 106 cases 58 cases show sweat gland differentiation followed by follicular differentiation ( 46 cases) and 2 cases showed sebaceous gland differentiation. Conclusion: Incidence of Cutaneous benign adnexal neoplasms is relatively low with majority of tumors show differentiation along the sweat glands, commonly located in head and neck region in the 3 rd to 4 th decade.


Title IMPAQT underwater acoustic telemetry platform: receiver design Author(s) Jafarzadeh, Hamed; Belcastro, Marco; O'Flynn, Brendan Publication date 2021-10-04 Original citation Jafarzadeh, H., Belcastro, M. and O'Flynn, B. (2021) 'IMPAQT underwater acoustic telemetry platform: receiver design', Aquaculture Europe 2021, Funchal, Madeira, 4-7 October. Type of publication Conference item Link to publisher's version https://www.aquaeas.eu/ https://aquaeas.org/_pdf/AE2021BluePages.pdf Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Item downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10468/12347


As part of a detailed study of the impact of the Freedom of Information Act upon the UK Parliament, this paper examines to what extent FOI is used by Parliament to hold the government to account. The research is predicated upon a number of hypotheses based upon MPs' use of FOI in other regimes; that MPs and peers are creatures of habit, and will be slow to use FOI in preference to traditional tools; MPs and peers will use FOI in combination with other parliamentary tools to access information rather than in isolation; only a small minority of MPs and peers will make systematic use of FOI. The research assess how many FOI requests are made by MPs and peers, on what subjects, and compares the benefits and costs of using FOI against more traditional parliamentary methods of obtaining information. This paper presents some of the preliminary findings based upon interviews with MPs and researchers, analysis of PQs and debates and Freedom of information requests to central government departments. It will also compare and contrast the UK experience with the use of FOI by Parliament in other countries.


A set D of a graph G = (V, E) is a dominating set, if every vertex in V(G) D is adjacent to some vertex in D. The domination number γ (G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set. A dominating set D is called a complementary tree nil dominating set, if V(G) D is not a dominating set and also the induced subgraph < V(G) D > is a tree. The minimum cardinality of a complementary tree nil dominating set is called the complementary tree nil domination number of G and is denoted by ctnd γ (G). In this paper, some results regarding the complementary tree nil domination number of connected cubic graphs are found.


Objective To investigate the protective effects of nicotine on dopaminergic neurons. Methods C57BL/6J mice were injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (20mg/kg) to establish Parkinson's disease (PD) model after pretreated with nicotine(0.25 mg/kg). The effects of nicotine to PD mice were observed by their behavior test and immunocytochemistry staining (ICC) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and OX-42 in the compact part of the substantia nigra (SNc). Results The results showed that nicotine markedly attenuated the dyskinesia of PD mice, increased the number of TH-positive dopaminergic neurons and simultaneously inhibited the activation of microglia in the SNc. Conclusion These findings suggest that nicotine has protective effects on dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP-induced PD mice. It may be related to inhibiting the activation of microglia.


How to control the outdoor lighting system, computer program product, control apparatus of outdoor lighting systems, and outdoor lighting system is provided. Outdoor lighting system includes the placed outdoor lighting across spatial segment of outdoor space. Illumination brightness emitted outdoor lighting is controllable for each spatial segment, reference is used to refer to particular spatial segments. The method, (i) receiving at least one activity characteristic of the index and sub-area sub-area outdoor space from the detection system, the detection system is configured to detect activity in the sub-areas, subareas and it is different from the all spatial segments, index is used to refer to the sub-area, at least one activity characteristic is related traffic density in the sub-area, the steps, (ii) at least one a step of mapping one of the indicators on at least one reference for each spatial segment, determining an illumination intensity level for at least each one spatial segment according to at least one activity characteristic of the received (iii), ( iv) for outdoor lighting system includes providing at least one reference along with the illumination intensity determined for each of the. Representative Figure: Figure 3


Studies with Diethylstilbestrol (DES) in humans and rodents have resulted in a spectrum of toxic and carcinogenic effects. Previous findings on gene expression profiles following DES treatment showed that p53, p21 and bax was transcriptionally regulated in this model. In the present studies, we used Reverse Transcriptase in situ Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT in situ PCR) and immunohistochemistry techniques for localisation and expression of p53, p21 and bax at cellular levels. Animal were housed individually and treated with 500µmole/kg b.w of DES, (ip) once daily up to four days. Our results have shown, the expression of p53, p21 and bax mRNA were greater in wild-type compared to p53+/- knockout mice. In addition, p53, p21 and bax mRNA were significantly high in DES- treated compared to control-vehicle animals. Collectively, similar patterns of expression also were seen in p53 and p21 proteins and scored according to the percentage of positive nuclear staining. Therefore, the combination of p53 and p21 were concluded to be a good prognostic marker for development of carcinogenesis.


Carbonate biominerals are found throughout the history of the Earth and have received strong attention because they provide precious information about paleoenvironments. Although biomineralization has been extensively studied in eukaryotes forming skeletal biominerals, it is also widespread among Bacteria and Archaea. Mineral deposits resulting from organomineralization by diverse prokaryote-dominated microbial populations are called microbialites. Their formation depends on both environmental and biological parameters, similarly to eukaryotic skeletal carbonates and therefore raise similar questions. Stromatolites i.e laminated microbialites, are particularly emblematic geobiological materials since they are the oldest evidence of life-mineral interactions, dated up to 3.5 Gyrs ago 1 . However, while their environment formation is interpreted based on our knowledge about modern analogs, the latter remains incomplete. Recently, we discovered modern stromatolites in Mari Ermi, a coastal pond in Western Sardinia that experiences severe seasonal evaporation and large salinity variations 2 . Assuming that their accretion was controlled by the environment, we explored 1) the mineralogical composition of these unique sedimentary archives and their spatial variations down to the submicrometer scale to gain better insight into how mineral phases record the conditions and processes of their formation. We investigated the heterogeneous distribution of minerals using quantitative X-ray chemical maps provided by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDXS). Hyperspectral maps were analyzed using an innovative data treatment method allowing phase recognition


1 Desamino‐cholecystokinin‐octapeptide (CCK‐7) increased the gall‐bladder pressure and decreased the gastric pressure following i.v. infusion in conscious dogs. 2 In small intestine and Heidenhain pouch CCK‐7 exerted an initial excitatory effect followed by an inhibitory effect on intraluminal pressure and peristalsis. 3 In all organs the effect of CCK‐7 on pressure was correlated with a change of spike discharge. 4 CCK‐7 is more potent on gastrointestinal motor activity than a Boots preparation of pancreozymin. 5 The results suggest that CCK‐7 at doses within the physiological range could be involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility.


3 Introduction 3 Site Selection Methods Social Status of Disablement 14 Education and Inclusion, Kiran 19 Successes and Shortcomings 28 Discussion 37 Personal Findings 40 Conclusion and Way Forward 41 Recommendations for Further Research 42 Appendix 43 A. Teacher Interview Guide B. Caretaker Interview Guide C. Parent Interview Guide Bibliography 48


This study aims to analyze the various forms of collaborative management (planning, implementation and monitoring) in improving the quality of education carried out by Ikatan keluarga besar Baringin Sip (IKBSS). The method used is qualitative by using a descriptive study approach. Collecting data using observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis through the stages of data reduction, data verification, and drawing conclusions. Test the validity of the data using triangulation and member check. The results of the research explain that collaboration management is carried out by Ikatan keluarga besar Baringin Sip (IKBSS) organization with formal and non-formal educational institutions in the Baringin village. The collaborative management relates to planning, implementation and monitoring. In terms of planning, IKBSS collaborates in preparing programs and preparing education budgets. In terms of implementation, IKBSS supports directly by being involved in educating and controlling the course of education programs. In terms of supervision by evaluating the achievement of the program and evaluating the realization of the use of the education budget.


The purposes of this research were (1) to develop the workbook on English reading and writing skills based on Montessori approach prathomsuksa 1 students to evaluate the efficiency 75/75 (2) to compare the reading skills of students using the pre - test and post - test (3) to compare the writing skills of students using the pre - test and post - test (4) to investigate students' satisfaction on the workbook on English reading and writing skills based on Montessori approach for prathomsuksa 1 students  The samples used in the study were ten Prathomsuksa 1 students studying in the second semester of an academic year of 2015 from Wattaklo School, Amphoe kaengkoi, Saraburi province, Saraburi Education Service Area 2, selected by the sample random sampling. The instruments used for collecting data included workbook on English reading and writing skills based on Montessori approach for prathomsuksa 1 students reading and writing skills objective tests and a questionnaire on students' satisfaction on the workbook on English reading and writing skills based on Montessori approach for prathomsuksa 1 students  The research findings were as follows : (1) The efficiency of the workbook on English reading and writing skills based on Montessori approach for grade 1st was at 75.27 / 76.30. (2) After learning using workbook on English reading and writing skills based on Montessori approach for prathomsuksa 1 studrens. the reading skill of students was higher than before learning at the significance level at 0.05.(3) After learning using workbook on English reading and writing skills based on Montessori approach for prathomsuksa 1 studrens the writing skill of students was higher than before learning at the significance level at 0.05. (4) The students' satisfaction on the workbook on English reading and writing skills based on Montessori approach for prathomsuksa 1 studrens was at the high level.


A note in the recently published third volume of the Life of Disraeli (p. 454) credits me with the discovery that the mysterious Mrs. Sarah Brydges "Willyams nee Mendez da Costa, who left some ??40,000 to Benjamin Disraeli, was a daughter of Abraham Mendez da Costa of Bath, who died in 1782. As the identity of this lady has long puzzled Jewish genealogists and students of Disraeliana, it may be worth while to place on record the simple but indisputable evidence on which my identification rests. This is contained in the following hitherto un printed letter of Mrs. Willyams to Disraeli, written in reply to the letter from him of July 20, 1859, printed on p. 467 of the Life:


This paper explores the causal links between the role of public finance and Bihar's growth and development in the last decade; and argues that these links are tenuous. Bihar's growth acceleration precedes the 'policy reforms' in public finance based on the 'good governance' agenda initiated since 2005-06. However, the constraints on sustaining efforts to close Bihar's development gap with the rest of India stems from the nature of the growth process in its regional, sectoral and social dimensions and the contradictory means and ends of the 'policy reforms' in public finance. Together, this has not only prevented the economic growth to add to public coiffeurs of the state but also occluded the role of tax institutions.


A new atomic mobility database for Fcc_A1, L12, Bcc_A2, Bcc_B2, and liquid phases in the Al-Cu-Fe-Mg-Mn-Ni-Si-Zn system has been established via a hybrid approach of experiment, first-principles calculations and DICTRA (DIffusion Controlled TRAnsformation) software, focusing on the atomic mobility parameters in ternary systems. Various diffusivities can be computed as a function of temperature and composition. The reliability of this diffusivity database is further validated by comparing the calculated and measured diffusion properties in a series of ternary and quaternary diffusion couples, including concentration profiles, diffusion paths, interdiffusion fluxes, and so on. The effect of the diffusivity database on microstructure evolution during solidification is demonstrated by the phase field simulation of primary (Al) grains in Al356.1 alloy. The simulation results indicate that such accurate diffusivity database is highly needed for the quantitative simulation of microstructural evolution during solidification.


Isomeric di- and trifunctional aromatic amines are easily differentiated on the basis of their plasma desorption (PD) mass spectra. Six series of aromatic amines were studied in the positive-ion mode. In each series, the differences observed in the PD mass spectra allow each isomer to be characterized. In the formation of molecular ions, these differences proceed from the competition between electron impact ionization and protonation. Several chemoselective or regioselective reactions such as hydrogenation, hydration, dimerization and some fragmentations also allow isomeric aromatic amines to be differentiated.


OBJECTIVE To study on the direct risk factors of surgical site infection in post-thoracotomy incision.METHODS The clinic medical records collected from Jan 2006 to Dec 2008 in cardiothoracic surgery were retrospectively investigated,check in and verify the cases.RESULTS There were 91 cases with infected surgical site infection among 1755 thoracotomy cases.The infection rate was 5.2%.Among these,rate of superficial incision was 62.64% while that of deep incision was 30.77% and rate of organ compartment was 6.59%.Multiple-variation logistic regression analysis indicated that the major factors were emergency admission(P=0.02),duration of operation(P=0.00),number of drainage(P=0.044),duration of drainage(P=0.018),kinds of antibiotic used(P0.005).CONCLUSION In order to prevent and control SSI,we should strengthen the sterile operation,shorten the duration of operation,use antibiotic prophylaxis rationally and remove the drains as soon as possible.


The rice husk was taken as raw material,and ethylene carbonate,ethylene glycol,glycerol were choosen for responding solvent,120℃,140℃,160℃ for reaction temperature,the sulphuric acid,the hydr℃hloric acid,the oxalic acid for catalysts,carried on the direct liquefied experiment under the high temperature ordinary pressure condition.The results indicated that the liquefication of cellulose and hemicellulose was seldom,but that of lignin was obvious,more than 52%.The density of liquefication products were all higher than that of water.The production was best,being 74% when the responding solvent was ethylene glycol with the sulphuric acid for catalyst at the temperature of 140℃.


PurposeConceptual model in this paper combines existing scientific knowledge grounded in theories of planned behavior, diffusion of innovation and a unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, while aiming to identify relevant determinants of continuous use of e-learning by employees who used e-learning in the past year at their workplace.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed and empirically tested the positive impact of professional, personal, IT and environmental factors on the continued use of e-learning among 672 employees across different sectors using the structural equation modeling technique.FindingsResearch results suggest that the most powerful determinant of continuous use of e-learning are personal factors. Environmental influences and technological aspects also exhibit a positive and significant impact on the continuous use of e-learning. Research hypothesis related to the positive influence of professional factors on the continuous use of e-learning has not been empirically confirmed. Also, results demonstrated that continued use of e-learning contributes to better individual business performance.Practical implicationsThe practical contribution is threefold: to companies, education institutions and human resource managers. For companies, identification of key determinants will lead to a better understanding of employees needs regarding continuous job improvements. The findings can be used by educational institutions to design e-learning programs according to results and real value to employees. On the other hand, human resource managers can benefit from this study in terms of getting concrete factors that motivate employees for continuous job improvement.Originality/valueThe research sheds light on the proposed integrated model that tests the post-adoption of the continuous use of e-learning within an organizational context.


Introduction We are presenting our experiences with combined laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches applied to the minimally invasive intragastric resection of the gastric tumors. Patients and Method We performed the above-mentioned combined intragastric resection in 7 patients. The intragastric resection is only used with posterior gastric wall tumors and tumors located near the cardia and the pylorus. For this approach, only 1 trocar is placed into the stomach to intragastrically introduce the endostapler. We used 2 trocars (5 mm) into the abdominal cavity for laparoscopy. Results We have performed the combined laparoscopic and endoscopic intragastric resection in 7 patients. The tumor size was 38±7 mm (28-48 mm). The histology revealed 6 gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 1 leiomyoma. All 7 patients began eating and drinking on the second postoperative day. None of the patients showed any intraoperative or postoperative complications. The median postoperative hospital stay was 6.1 days (4-7 d). Conclusions The combined intraluminal resection using 1 intragastric trocar of potential benign posterior gastric wall tumors, of tumors near the cardia and the pylorus is a safe surgical procedure with low invasivity and morbidity.


Tissue texture changes are associated with musculoskeletal injury. Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM) uses these changes to diagnosis and treat musculoskeletal injury. OMM has been well documented in the treatment of myofascial pain and remains a popular treatment option despite a lack of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying these tissue changes. Tumor necrosis factor a (TNF‐a) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been linked to muscle wasting and is released following injury. Previous OMM studies have provided evidence of the important role fibroblasts play in restoration of skeletal muscle after injury and cell‐cell interaction during the repair process7. Therefore, we hypothesize that chronic inflammation affects the phenotype of the myofascia and leads to patient pain. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying myofascial pain, we examined the main cells that compromise the myofascia, primary human skeletal muscle cells and human dermal fibroblasts.


Objective:To investigate the effect of Liuwei Dihuang pills combined with hawthorn decoction in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet among rats.Methods:In 50 healthy SD rats were randomly selected 10 rats into normal group(male and female),the remaining.Forty rats were fed with high-fat feed for 12 weeks to establish a rat model of NAFLD.Experimental rats were randomly and equally divided into,model group(n = 10),low-dose traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) group(n = 10),high-dose TCM group(n = 10),and Western medicine control group(n = 10),(male and femde).After the rat model of NAFLD was established,the low-dose and high-dose TCM groups received Liuwei Dihuang pills combined with concentrated water decoction of hawthorn fruit(0.48 g/ml,1.2 ml/100g body weight;0.96 g/ml,2.4 ml/100g body weight) by gavage,the Western medicine control group received fenofibrate suspension(4 mg/ml,1 ml/100g body weight) by gavage,and the model group received an equal volume of distilled water.Intragastric administration was performed once daily for 2 weeks.The therapeutic effects were assessed based on the liver function indices and blood lipid levels in serum and the pathological changes of liver tissue.Results:Compared with the model group,the low-dose and high-dose TCM groups had significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and total cholesterol(TC) levels(P0.05),and the high-dose TCM group had a significantly decreased serum triglyceride level(P0.05),as well as significantly decreased number of fat vacuoles in hepatocytes and significantly reduced fatty degeneration of liver tissue.Conclusion:Liuwei Dihuang pills combined with hawthorn decoction can significantly decrease serum ALT and TC levels and significantly reduce fatty degeneration of liver tissue in the rat model of NAFLD induced by high-fat diet and have certain therapeutic efficacy for the animal model of NAFLD.


1. Can you tell us about a statistical or scientific activity that you've worked on that either worked perfectly the first time you tried it, or that didn't work as well as you had hoped the first time so you abandoned the idea altogether without making an effort to improve or redesign it? A. I have been a hard-nosed advocate of "getting it right the first time" for many years, and won over many of my colleagues at OMB. This approach emphasizes planning that not only covers what you expect, but also is robust with respect to things that may go wrong. It works well even when it doesn't work perfectly. 2. Despite the fact that the Census Bureau made improving the count among minorities a major goal of the 1990 Census, the 4.4 percent differential in the 1990 undercount between Blacks and non-Blacks was the highest ever recorded. Experts have repeatedly said that spending more money on traditional methods will not reduce this differential. If not through statistics, how do you propose to reduce this differential? A. The undercount is by its nature a nonresponse problem (or in many cases a refusal problem). A refusal rate as low as 1% would be considered an outstanding achievement for most surveys. There are two factors that draw attention to this particular problem in the Census: a) The problem of missing data in the census data base is much larger than this, but these other gaps are susceptible to "imputation," which, by its nature, leaves little or no evidence of the alteration (imputed items, for better or worse, are designed to look like the actual data on which they are based). The evidence of the undercount gap is external. The comparative estimates may not be completely accurate, but they are highly visible. b) The requirement for a complete enumeration goes substantially beyond the arena where statistical methods are most effective (and beyond the arena where the usual statistical standards for an acceptable level of error can be applied). On this second point, comparison with the "voluntary" income tax system is instructive. IRS has used statistical principles in its approach to tax returns (e.g., it offers taxpayers the option of selecting an imputed average minimum deduction, the "standard deduction," in lieu of documenting actual deductions), but an explicit statistical adjustment to the tax liability of willing taxpayers to offset the loss due to …


The Java3D is a Java-platform based and object-oriented 3D graphics API.It's convenient to realize displaying and browsing the 3D graphics on the Internet.The technology of the development of the Internet-based 3D model system with Java3D is discussed in this paper.Here the geometric information will be extracted form STEP/AP203 files.The system mainly consists of three modules,such as extracting information module from STEP/AP203 files.The module of reconstructing 3-D models based Brep,and real visualization module. The implementation of these three modules is described in detail.This system will be important to develop the cooperative design system in order to support the distributed browsing function.


ABSTRACT Our work focuses on the study of the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on adsorbents based on zeolite HUSY and (γAl2O3-SiO2). To optimize the process of removing MB onto Ni/Co USY, different parameters were studied such as contact time, initial pH, initial dye concentration, zero charge's point, and adsorbent dosage. The adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of MB were 59.88 mg g−1 for Ni/Co USY and 43.86 mg g−1 for Ni/Co (γAl-Si) at 298°K. The thermodynamic parameters and activation energy's values obtained suggested that the adsorption was a physical process, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. MB adsorption on Ni/Co USY may occur via electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and Lewis acid–base interaction.


Administration is a tool that helps to improve the internal issues of any institution as long as they are used correctly and effectively to address the areas of opportunity that may exist. The research aims to prove that proper management can help develop useful competencies for university students entering the world of work. The methodology implemented is quantitative in nature, using the survey technique. The universe studied was 72 students, considering a convenience sample due to the very small number of the population, since the main purpose is to corroborate or refute the proposed hypothesis where it is said that the Faculty of Engineering of the Amazcala Campus carries out its administration efficiently to verify that the teachers develop in the students the necessary labor competencies for their graduation to the professional field. Among the most important results, it was found that administrative management must communicate the agreements that are made and verify that students are acquiring the necessary knowledge for the professional field.


The wave functions, energy levels, and oscillator strengths of B2+ ions and B+ ions are calculated by using a relativistic potential model, which is named the relativistic configuration interaction plus core polarization method (RCICP).The presently calculated energy levels are in very good agreement with experimental energy levels tabulated in NIST Atomic Spectra Database, with difference no more than 0.05%.The presently calculated oscillator strengths agree very well with NIST and some available theoretical results. The difference is no more than 0.6%. By means of these energy levels and oscillator strengths, the electric-dipole static polarizabilities of the 2s1/2, 2p1/2, 2p3/2, and 3s1/2 states and static hyperpolarizability of the ground state 2s1/2 for B2+ ions, as well as electric-dipole static polarizabilities of the 2s21S0 and 2s2p 3P0 states for B+ ions are determined. The polarizabilities of the 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 states of B2+ ions are negative. The main reason is that the absorption energies of the 2p1/2,3/2→2s1/2 resonance transitions are negative. This contribution to the polarizabilities of the 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 states is negative. For the tensor polarizability of the 2p3/2 state, the main contribution come from the 2p3/2→2s1/2 and 2p3/2→3d5/2 transitions, which are 2.4963 a.u. and -0.2537 a.u., respectively, and the present RCICP result is 2.1683 a.u.. The largest contribution to the hyperpolarizability of the ground state 2s1/2 is the term of α1β0. The electric-dipole static polarizabilities of the 2s21S0 and 2s2p 3P0 states of B+ ions are 9.6220 a.u. and 7.7594 a.u., respectively. The presently calculated blackbody radiation (BBR) shift of the 2s2p 3P0→ 2s21S0 clock transition is 0.01605 Hz. This BBR shift is one or two orders of magnitude smaller than that for alkaline-earth-metal atoms.


Objective: To quantitatively assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) in professional fighters.
Background: Repetitive head trauma can result in chronic structural and functional brain changes. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI can quantitatively measure CBF noninvasively. In this study,
we examine CBF in professional fighters and healthy controls.
Methods:
255 active professional fighters (237 males; 29±5 years) and 21 healthy controls (20 males; 30±8 years) were scanned using a 3T Verio MRI scanner at the center. Pseudo-continuous ASL
(pcASL) MRI (TR/TI/TE=4500/2700/29ms; dynamics=100; resolution=3.5mm 3 ; FOV=224/224/100) and 3D T1-weighted MRI (TR/TE=2300/2.98ms; resolution=1mm 3 ; FOV=240/256/160) was performed on all the subjects. BASIL toolbox from FSL was
used to perform fast Bayesian fitting to the ASL kinetic model on the time series. The ventricular mask from registered T1 was used to quantify absolute CBF. Voxelwise statistical analysis was conducted using nonparametric permutation test to find significant clusters (minimum cluster size=500 voxels) having different CBF between controls and fighters.
Results: 4 clusters were found to have significantly (corrected p<0.05) higher mean CBF in controls (25.98±0.98 ml/100g/min) than professional fighters (19.68±1 ml/100g/min). Mean
CBF in professional fighters showed a significant (p<0.05) negative slope as a function of standardized cognitive processing speed
Conclusions:
We report for the first time, lower CBF in professional fighters compared to controls using noninvasive ASL MRI methods. We also report that there is a significant negative relationship
between the CBF and cognitive measures in professional fighters. Future studies involving longitudinal effects of fighting and type of fighters (boxers vs MMA) on CBF are underway. Disclosure: Dr. Mishra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sreenivisan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhuang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Banks has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cordes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bernick has received personal compensation for activities with Forrest.


I am a second-year, mature student with may years' care experience. I have not come into nursing to be 'told what to do' and I don't believe this is the case for most students in my cohort (news October 23). But as an assertive and professional student my 'pro-action' on placement has not been of benefit to me.


Intuitively, the argument put forward by Dent and Goldberg (in this issue) is compelling. The concept of resistance to change, which can be traced to Lewin's systems approach, has been transformed over the years into a not-so-disguised way of blaming the less powerful for unsatisfactory results of change efforts. How many times, after all, have we seen organizations attempt to change without tackling the really difficult issues, whether they be issues of structure, compensation, and so on? When the magical thinking comes to a crashing disappointment, blaming the lower-downs for being resistant is a readily available explanation (perhaps a kind of mantra) that can be mobilized to account for the distressing results. Dent and Goldberg argue that this cycle has become a deeply habituated way of thinking by managers, so much so that it qualifies as the kind of assumption that goes beyond explaining events to the point of constituting them and serving as "self-fulfilling prophecies." My struggle with this article concerns the elements of the argument that the authors put forward to demonstrate their thesis. Most important, some of the major components of their argument do not support the conclusions they ask us to draw from them, and along the way they say some things that I think are either confused or at times wrong. The following points elaborate my response: 1. The authors are trying to describe the intellectual history of the concept of "resistance to change" to illustrate both how the idea has evolved into one that places irrational blame and to demonstrate a convergence of thinking among scholars in order to underline the assumptive status of the idea. Unfortunately, they use mainstream


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if correlation exists between acetabular cup positioning and factors relating to the surgeon and patient. Method: Data for 2063 patients who underwent primary or revision THA from 2004 – 2008 were compiled. The post-op anteroposterior (AP) and cross-table lateral digital radiographs for each patient were obtained. The AP radiograph was measured using Hip Analysis Suite to calculate the cup abduction and version angles (version direction determined separately). Acceptable ranges were 35–45° for abduction, and 5–20° for version. Correlations were then determined with SPSS™ software. Results: There were 1980(96%) qualifying patients. There were 1025(52%) acetabular cups that fell within the 35–45° abduction range, and 1287(70%) cups in the 5–20° version range. Regression analysis showed that the only independent predictor of acceptable abduction angle was the surgical approach (p Conclusion: The posterolateral approach was superior to MIS (2 incision) and mini anterolateral approaches for acceptable abduction angle, and surgeon volume influenced version angle acceptability. Further analysis on variables and their influence on cup position at a lower volume medical center would provide a valuable comparison.


Background Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to disruption of axons and macroscopic tissue loss. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we assessed degeneration of the corticospinal tract (CST) in the cervical cord above a traumatic lesion and explored its relationship with cervical atrophy, remote axonal changes within the cranial CST and upper limb function. Methods Nine cervical injured volunteers with bilateral motor and sensory impairment and ten controls were studied. DTI of the cervical cord and brain provided measurements of fractional anisotropy (FA), while anatomical MRI assessed cross-sectional spinal cord area (i.e. cord atrophy). Spinal and central regions of interest (ROI) included the bilateral CST in the cervical cord and brain. Regression analysis identified correlations between spinal FA and cranial FA in the CST and disability. Results In individuals with SCI, FA was significantly lower in both CSTs throughout the cervical cord and brain when compared with controls (p≤0.05). Reduced FA of the cervical cord in patients with SCI was associated with smaller cord area (p = 0.002) and a lower FA of the cranial CST at the internal capsule level (p = 0.001). Lower FA in the cervical CST also correlated with impaired upper limb function, independent of cord area (p = 0.03). Conclusion Axonal degeneration of the CST in the atrophic cervical cord, proximal to the site of injury, parallels cranial CST degeneration and is associated with disability. This DTI protocol can be used in longitudinal assessment of microstructural changes immediately following injury and may be utilised to predict progression and monitor interventions aimed at promoting spinal cord repair.


This study was carried out to demonstrate what levels of anxiety that the students face to speak English and to know whether there is a significant difference on the reduction of students' anxiety to speak English between the students who were taught by using inside-outside circle technique and those who were not. According to Kagan (1994), inside-outside circle is a technique in which students move around and interact with each other. The instrument used was a questionnaire adapted from Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) made by Horwitz et al. (1986). This questionnaire was distributed to the students of Class VII H and VII I SMP Negeri 3 Ungaran. It was distributed twice; before and after the treatment was given. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed through SPPS 21.0 software. According to the results, in the pretest, the level of students' anxiety was in a high level of anxiety and then decreased into a moderate level of anxiety in the posttest. Meanwhile, the t-test showed that the sig. (2-tailed) value was 0.000. Therefore, it can be concluded that a significant difference on the reduction of students' anxiety to speak English was also found between the students who were taught by using inside-outside circle and those who were not.


Two types of renal tubules are present in the mesonephros of Necturus : ventral, primary and secondary tubules, connected with the body cavity by nephrostomes and peritoneal canals ; and other tubules, more dorsal in position, which lack coelomic connections (Chase, '23). Thus materials introduced into the peritoneal cavity reach directly the lumina of the tubules of the first type. This direct route was utilized earlier (Dawson, '25, '27) in a study of the reaction of the renal epithelium to solutions of iron salts and to an acid colloidal dye, trypan blue. The present study deals with the reaction to a colloidal suspension of carbon in the form of Higgin's waterproof India ink.


. CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) is the most important model in modern finance that can be used to: calculate the systematic risk of assets, estimate the expected rate of return on assets, and evaluate the performance of a portfolio. In this study, FTSEALL-Share and UK three-month Treasury bills are used as the market portfolio and risk-free rate to compare and determine whether there is correlation between beta coefficient and excess return. The purpose of this study is to conduct two regression analyses and empirical tests of the capital asset pricing model using R-studio coding and finally conclude the validity of the capital asset pricing model.


Mukbang, or gastronomic voyeurism, is a specific alimentary phenomenon of modern network era. It implies watching a video or broadcast of eating in front of the camera. The analysis carried out in the paper allows us to conclude that mukbang is one of modern technologically determined forms of sharing the life of society. As a method of semiotic construction, it is largely ritual and connected with the carnival nature of human society and ancient mythomorphic practices that refer us to the concepts of hard collective work and celebration of its completion in the form of "bread and circuses". On the other hand, mukbang is inextricably linked with technological artifacts of being where we acquire identity in an attempt to combine the intimacy of our inner worlds with the disclosure of being of the Other.


Programming environments are one of the hottest research topics in today's computer science society. This report presents our initial efforts on understanding the concept of a programming environment and a first attempt on building an integrated Ada programming environment.


One of the biggest challenges for strategic nuclear policy decision-makers is to discern nuclear proliferation intentions of nation states despite information deficiencies. This chapter suggests a new computationally intelligent nuclear policy simulator called DiNI (Discerning Nuclear Intentions) to objectively discern nuclear proliferation intentions of nation states in real time. DiNI is inspired from the well-validated theme of socio-biological evolution of altruistic behavior and works on a NetLogo platform. By using DiNI, policy makers can objectively assess the nuclear proliferation intentions of states based on the current policy situation and also assess the effectiveness of new policy instruments in influencing nuclear intentions through simulation. Simulation conducted on DiNI using strategic decisions made under the historic "Atoms for Peace" program demonstrates that DiNI can indeed be used to proactively inform strategic policy decision-makers on unhealthy proliferation intentions of nation states.


Protectionism or free trade? Which of this ways should Russia choose to become are a competitive state? The author of the article, relying on the works of S. Vitte and D. Mendeleev, historical facts of world economies development, is trying to find an answer to this question.


To avoid calculating the time-consuming Sommerfeld′s integrals, the discrete complex image method (DCIM) is employed to obtain spatial domain closed-form Green's function for planar-layered media. By combining with the moment method, the closed-form Green's function is used to analyze microstrip antennas. Numerical results show the validity and accuracy of the method.


A series of experiments is described which aims to provide further elucidation of the parameters that control the critical transmission of a detonation wave in twodimensional channels, with divergence angle 0, and aspect ratio L/W. Existing interpretations of the diffraction process have met with reasonable success for a range of L/W up to approximately 7, but they fail at larger values. The present results indicate that cell regularity can also play a role in determining the critical conditions for successful transmission. This has important consequences for the scaling of measurements of laboratory scale diffraction studies to those obtained on a large scale. It is also found that for divergence angles in the range 9 = 0 to 55 deg, wall reflections play a significant role in the diffraction process. Beyond this value, the wave sustenance relies solely on transverse wave collisions.


UMA-2 is a wheeled mobile platform equipped with a vacuum adhesion system, eight actuated joints and four passive ones, designed to climb vertical and curved surfaces. The platform can perform maintenance tasks such as corrosion removal and cleaning with grinding while climbing. The quality of the repairing process is largely affected by grinding process parameters including tool forces, toolpath and the robot trajectory accuracy. The current work introduces a trajectory analysis and adaptation model to control the UMA-2 platform to ensure specific surface quality KPIs and incorporating the effects of robot compliancy. The proposed trajectory analysis has been extensively validated through experimental campaigns representative of maintenance in wind power industry.


We offer evidence that children correctly represent unaccusative verbs as taking a single internal argument, rather than an external argument, and they raise this argument to subject position via A-movement, contra Babyonyshev et al. (2001). Our primary evidence comes from the distribution of animate vs. inanimate subjects with intransitive verbs. Perlmutter (1978) argues that inanimate subjects are generally compatible with unaccusative but not unergative verbs. Our data show that children correctly use both animate and inanimate subjects with unaccusatives, and only animate subjects with unergatives. In addition, children correctly limit use of resultatives to unaccusative verbs, and errors involving postverbal subjects occur disproportionally with unaccusatives. If children misanalyzed unaccusatives as unergatives, as argued by Babyonyshev et al. (2001), we would expect similar distributions of these verbs in all of these respects. Thus, we argue that children by age 3 have an adultlike representation of unaccusatives and therefore both respect UTAH (Baker 1988) and represent A-chains.


The article presents the results of an expert survey, which is devoted to the attitude of representatives of regional and local authorities to various forms of online and offline civic activity and non-profit organizations in the Yaroslavl region. The experts of the survey, conducted in early 2021, were representatives of regional and local authorities, social institutions. Based on the concepts of public administration, the article focuses on participation, the interaction of the government and NGOs, public associations, the perception and assessment of civic activity, the role of the Internet in governance, as well as the attitude to online forms of activity. Representatives of the government of the Yaroslavl region continue to maintain relations of cooperation with the non-profit sector, forming a clearer understanding of purposeful interaction with it. The authorities see the benefits of interacting with NGOs and express a fairly high level of trust in NGOs. The most common forms of civic activity are volunteering and volunteering, letters and appeals to the authorities, and civic activity on the Internet. At the same time, "grassroots" civic activity significantly decreased its indicators relative to the level of development and popularity in comparison with institutional forms. According to experts, online activity also declined in 2020, after a three-year trend of its growth. At the same time, the authorities do not perceive civic activity on the Internet as a manifestation of "full-fledged" activity. However, it affects the work of government and administration, contributing to the development of "e-government" procedures.


PURPOSE: A method of inspecting a mask and an apparatus for performing the same are provided to improve the reliability of detecting the failure of a mask by detecting a failure such as a bridge and a shift due to the obtained histogram from an image. CONSTITUTION: An image of a pattern is formed on a mask is obtained(ST210). The image is smoothened(ST220). The smoothened image is processed with binarization(ST230). A histogram is obtained according to the gray level of the image(ST240). The histogram is compared with pattern information to detect the fault of a mask(ST250).


The results presented in chapters 7 and 8 showed that the majority of the preanaesthetic data occurred in different frequency in the four risk groups as well as in the two groups chosen as indices of a serious outcome. The question is to what extent this risk group classification was based upon the registered preanaesthetic data and to what extent it was based on other information not recorded in the C.A.R. If it is possible to prove that the recorded data by logical-mechanical means will give the same classification as was done by the anaesthetist who originally handled the case, it may be concluded that the classification was based upon those data. The method of linear discriminatory analysis can be used to test such a problem. This method, which is included as a module of the computerized information system J5 has been described in detail by Hall et al. (1971) The discriminatory analysis method provides as classifying model with capabilities to place each patient into a number of pre-determined classes. For the present problem as well as for practical anaesthetic purposes the question is: "Can the discriminatory analysis method separate the completely "healthy" patients, i.e. those to be classified as risk group 1 from the rest of the patients ?".


The main status of the morality quality of college students is quite satisfactory,but its unsteady and always changing,only through bettering the morality education environment and renewing the conception and means of the morality education can we improve the morality quality of college students.


Background:  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is idiopathic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Polysaccharide peptide of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium extract (PPGL) is considerably a good option for adjunctive therapy of IBD. This study aims to evaluate the benefit of PPGL in patients treated with 5-ASA.Method: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted to examine the medical records of 124 ulcerative colitis patients. There were 80 patients in intervention group who were treated with a combination of 5-ASA and PPGL, and there were 44 patients in the control group who were treated with 5-ASA only. Clinical and laboratory endpoints were observed at the baseline and after 30, 60, and 90 days. Clinical endpoints included abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, aphthous stomatitis, and polyarthritis; meanwhile, laboratory endpoints included hemoglobin level, ESR, CRP, fecal calprotectin, M2-pyruvate kinase (MP2K), fecal culture, C. difficile culture, and colonoscopy results. Clinical trials conducted after patient enrollment with registry number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04029649.Results: On day-30 there was a significant difference between intervention group 45.6%  and control group 2.3% in abdominal pain complaints (p 0.001). Moreover, laboratory parameters of fecal calprotectin (p 0.001), fecal MP2K (p = 0.015), and hemoglobin (p 0.001) were considerably better in intervention group on day-30. These differences were consistently found on day 60 and 90.Conclusion: The study implies potential correlation between PPGL administration and improvement of clinical and laboratory endpoints up to 90 days. A larger randomized, blinded, prospective study is required to confirm these effects in ulcerative colitis.


In the paper, the solution of the drive control problem for a multicopter-type moving object in an uncertain environment with obstacles is considered. The moving object is represented by a multicopter. Its mathematical model is based on equations of kinematics and dynamics of 6DOF in relation to steady-state propellers characteristics. The control algorithms for moving to the target point are presented. This work offers the obstacle avoiding control algorithms used for moving an object to target points that are based on the usage of unstable modes. The correction of the multicopter's movement is carried out using dynamic variables. The effectiveness of suggested algorithms is proved by simulation results and experimental studies.


A new measure of network topologic structure, the E index, is developed and applied. The index is shown to be a practical refinement of Smart's ambilateral classes and is tested on Strahler third and fourth order networks drawn from two regions. By means of interregional comparisons and intraregional tests on networks of permanent channel flow and valley pattern, the E index is shown to be capable of interpretation in terms of network growth processes at least as an indicator for further research incorporating metric elements.


The developing world is urbanizing at an unprecedented rate - by 2010 most residents of developing countries will live in and around cities most of them in slum and squatter settlements. Within the next 30 years these informal urban settlements will double in population1 and account for more than 2 billion people. These impoverished and disenfranchised members of society are also subject to health-threatening living conditions, conditions that create enormous social and political costs. It is therefore necessary for governments, civil society, and the communities themselves to make significant and sustained efforts to address both the causes and results of neglect. The bulldozing policy grew out of aesthetic and zoning concerns, with policymakers reasoning that large-scale demolition and relocations will inhibit rural immigration. In the 1970s and early 1980s international donors, and some governments and non-government organizations (NGOs), incorporated upgrading into urban development and antipoverty strategies. From 1997 to 2002, the World Bank's thematic group on services to the urban poor promoted learning between cities based on dialogues and conferences to revive and to advance community upgrading. This evolved into the cities without slums initiative of the World Bank- United Nation (UN) habitat cities' alliance. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, to add to the knowledge base of urban community upgrading. Second, to identify new and emerging issues facing low-income settlements, and possible responses to them. Third, to complement materials in use by World Bank Institute's (WBI's) urban and local government team, and so go into some detail on implementation methods and procedures.


Objective:To establish SD rats' animal model of periodontitis under hypoxic conditions.Methods:Totally 40 SD rats,male and female in half,were randomly divided into 4 groups: normoxic control group(Group A),normoxia periodontitis group(Group B),simulated high altitude control group(Group C) and simulated high altitude periodontitis group(Group D).Ligation of dental cervix by wire,feeding the high-glucose diet,oral inoculating bacteria and intramuscular injection of hormone were performed to establish the normoxic and simulated high altitude periodontitis models of rats.Eight weeks later,then GI,PLI,PD,ABL and histopathological changes were detected in 4 groups of rats to judge whether the models were successfully established.Results:GI,PD and ABL index were statistically different between Group B and Group A,between Group D and Group C,between Group C and Group A,between Group D and Group B(P0.05).PLI index was statistically significant between the Group B and Group A,between Group D and Group C(P0.05),with no statistical difference between Group C and Group A,between Group D and Group B(P0.05).Histopathological changes: In Group A and Group C,there were no significant changes.In Group B and Group D,sulcular epithelial erosion,junctional epithelium proliferation and migration to the dental root,periodontal ligament space widened.Conclusion:Transfer the rats with the procedure of dental cervix ligation by wire,feeding high-glucose diet,oral inoculating bacteria and intramuscular hormone injection to low-pressure chamber of simulated altitude of 5000 m,the rat model of periodontitis at simulated high altitude can be obtained,which made an experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of plateau periodontal disease.


Retaining device for fastening a first body (1), engagable in a second body (4), where a first wall (2) of the first body (1) extends essentially at right angles to a second wall ( 3) the second body (4), with a retaining projection (6) which is arranged in the first wall (2) and by a force can be pushed into a holding opening (7) of the second wall (3 ), wherein the protrusion (6) is disposed on an inner face of the first wall (2) surrounded by the second body (4), and to exert force is provided an attachment means (9) introduced into the first body (1).


Ontology alignment is a time consuming process, especially when the two ontologies to be aligned are large. A fast and accurate ontology similarity can help the user to avoid aligning ontologies without significant similarities. In this paper, we propose an Asymmetric Similarity Measure for Ontologies (ASMO) that measures how similar the source ontology is to the target ontology. Many efficient ontology similarity measures are based on syntactic similarities between entities but these measures are unable to identify concepts represented using synonyms. We introduce a Synset Clustering method (S-Clust) to measure the synonymical similarity of concepts and our experimental results show that S-Clust is able to address the limitations of syntactic similarity measures in only 1.74% of the time taken to do a pairwise synonymical similarity comparison between concepts.


Objective To investigate the inducing causes and clinical characteristics in patients with hypokalemia paralysis attributed to Anticol Cough Syrup abuse.Methods The clinical data of 16 patients of hypokalemia paralysis attributed to Anticol Cough Syrup abuse were retrospectively analyzed.Results The time of Anticol Cough Syrup Addicts abuse of 16 patients were 3-30 months,who took large doses of Anticol Cough Syrup within 24 h before the symptom disappeared.All the patients suffered from extremity myodynamia paralysis,and couldn't walk.Proximal end was severer than distal end,and those of lower extremity were severer than that of upper extremity,and there were recurrent attacks of paralysis.Tendon reflexes were normal or weakened,without sensory disturbances.Pathological syndrome was negative.2 patients had mild psychiatric symptoms such as insomnia,excitement,and transient visual hallucination,3 patients had serious diarrhea.The blood kalium of 16 patients were 1.4-2.3 mmol/L.Creatine kinase were a little higher than normal value,and ECG showed changes in U Wave,long Q-T,and ST segment depression.After kalium was given intravenously or orally,the patients recovered quickly.Conclusion Abuse of Anticol Cough Syrup may cause serious hypokalemia,so physicians and patients should be cautioned against it.


Interference rejection combiners (IRCs) are very popular in 4G/5G systems. In particular, they are often times used in co-ordinated multi-point (CoMP) networks where the antennas of a neighboring cell's base station (BS) are used in an IRC receiver, in conjunction with the antennas of the BS of a cell-edge UE's own cell, to improve the IRC-SINR of a cell-edge user. But does the IRC-SINR always increase with an increase in the number of antennas? In this paper, we attempt to answer the question theoretically. We give a theoretical derivation that quantifies the improvement in the IRC-SINR when the number of antennas increases by unity. We show that this improvement in IRC-SINR is always greater than or equal to zero. Thus we prove that increasing the number of antennas even by unity will always improve the IRC-SINR. Selecting the extra antennas of the neighbouring cell can be viewed as a special case of antenna selection described in [1]. We also present the IRC-SINR improvement in an uplink CoMP scenario by simulations and verify that it indeed matches with the theoretical gains derived in this paper.


Ndagana Muhammad Kolo 1 and Saidu Adamu 2 1 National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services Department of Crop and Forestry Ahmadu Bello University (NAERLS/ABU), Zaria, Kaduna State. Nigeria. 2 Department of Crop Production, FUTMinna, Nigeria Corresponding author: email@example.com Abstract Two field experiments were conducted at Badeggi in the "Southern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria in 2013 and 2014 to screen the insecticidal potential of three local plant products as usable bio – pesticides. The three plant products were Tephrosia vogellic, Azadiracta indica and Annona senegalensis. A synthetic insecticide – pirimophos methyl (Actellic dust) and a control treatment where neither the plant product nor the synthetic insecticide was included for comparison. The results obtained from the study showed that all the local plant treatments reduced aphid population from four weeks after planting until seven weeks when there was no appreciable reduction anymore. Generally, the Ootheca species recorded across the treatments including the control is low for both years when plant products were used. In both years plots sprayed with extracts from Azadiracta produced significantly higher pod weight than plots sprayed with Tephrocia or Annona extracts. Similarly leaf extracts from Azadiracta and Tephrosia produced the highest weight of pods per plot in both years. All the treatments produced more pods per plot than that of the control treatment with neither plant products nor the synthetic insecticides.


Objective To investigate the relationship between osteoprotegerin( OPG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus( T2DM) with or without coronary artery disease( CAD). Methods The healthy individuals( control group), T2DM patients with or without CAD with 30 cases in each group were selected respectively. ELISA was used for determination of OPG,biochemistry method for fasting blood glucose( FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin( HbA1c),immunochemical chemiluminescence for fasting insulin( FINS),insulin sensitivity index( ISI) and insulin resistance index( HOMA-IR) were calculated,and the data in all groups were observed. Results OPG,FPG,HbA1c and HOMAIR in groups of T2DM with or without coronary artery disease were obviously higher than those in control group( P 0. 01),and ISI was lower than that in control group( P 0. 01). FINS in the group of T2DM with CAD was higher than that in control group( P 0. 05). HbA1c in the group of T2DM was higher than that in the group of T2DM with CAD( P 0. 01). Conclusion The level of serum OPG,blood glucose,insulin and insulin resistance index in groups of T2DM with or without CAD increase obviously. Development of CAD in T2DM patients relate to the increased level of OPG,blood glucose,insulin and insulin resistance. OPG as a risk predictor of cardiovascular disease may be related to the effects of insulin.


The paper presents data of the two-way memory effect deformation processes dependencies of the various TiNi force elements from different temperature and force modes.


We establish the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution for the fractional boundary value problem , with the condition , where , and is a nonnegative continuous function on that may be singular at or .


The aim of the present study is to determine whether the use of population parameters derived from meta‐analysis produces better test characteristics in the first‐trimester combined screening than those obtained from large single studies, when screening for Down syndrome (DS) in singleton pregnancies.


We present UBV and the first vbyβ Stromgren stellar photometry in a field centered on the stellar association OB31 in the Eastern part of the Andromeda galaxy. The ages of the stellar populations are determined from the colormagnitude diagrams using the latest theoretical isochrones. HR diagram for all stars in the area is constructed. The mass of the brightest blue star is about 60ℳ⊙ and for the brightest red star is about 20ℳ⊙. The slope of the Stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) for blue stars is –2.0±0.1 which is similar to that of other nearby galaxies.We investigate the stellar content of three van den Bergh associations as well as that of some new OB associations determined by cluster analysis. Ages of the van den Bergh associations are 4Myr for OB31 and 6Myr for OB32, OB34 and OB35. Eight blue supergiant candidates are isolated from the rest of the stars by using suitable color-color diagrams in Stromgren system. The results from UBV and Stromgren uvby photometry are compared.


We investigated how humans establish communication in a novel environment using an artificial cooperative task. Subjects are asked to solve a kind of 8-puzzle game cooperatively. One subject (director) can see the design of the puzzle and instructs how to move a tile. The other (operator) cannot see the design but can manipulate the puzzle. The director can communicate his intention only through his body movement. We conducted two experiments. In Experiment I, the operator role is played by the experimenter, who follows the pre-determined algorithms for establishing communication. The director role is played by a recruited subject. In Experiment II, both the director and the operator roles are played by recruited subjects. In both the experiments, simple languages for communication were developed between the players, but the strategies adopted were quite different. The results correspond to two approaches to future Human-Agent communication - human-controlled communication and mind-reading communication. We should re-consider the role of mind-reading communication in designing Human-Agent interface.


The paper assesses how household endowments in non-land factors of production affect participation in the land rental market. The paper tests for fixed and variable transaction costs related to adjustment in the land rental market. A two-stage approach for participation in the market as landlords or tenants is used for this. Data from 32 villages in the highlands of Eritrea are used for the analysis. The analysis demonstrates the importance of the land rental market for adjustment to nontradable or semitradable non-land household endowments. There were indications of significantly higher fixed transaction costs faced by potential tenants than by potential landlords. JEL classification: Q12


Traditional lead user identification techniques are not suitable to be employed to search for lead users on social media. To address this gap, this research inspects which metrics can help with lead user identification when Big Data is involved. The research is performed as a case study from the smartphone domain based on data from a product-oriented community forum about iPhones. The proposed metrics include metrics which have and have not been previously analyzed in relationship with lead userness. The previously analyzed metrics are outdegree centrality, indegree centrality, betweenness centrality and latent-attributes. Latent-attributes metric aims to capture the degree of user's unfulfilled needs about missing features of a product (i.e., latent attributes) experienced prior to other people. One existing and two new approaches how to extract latent attributes from unstructured text are introduced. The existing approach is based on template matching and it is not able to extract any latent attribute. The new approaches use word embeddings of Word2vec and they enable extraction of 19 latent attributes in a short time. The metrics which have not be analyzed before are domain-interest, closeness centrality, hub, authority, pagerank, votes and specification-attributes-in-time. Domain-interest and specification-attributes-in-time are newly defined metrics. Domain-interest refers to the proportion of messages about a product category of interest. Specification-attributes-in-time scores users based on a weighted frequency count of specification attributes in users' messages. The newly suggested attribute weighting turns out not to be useful for lead user identification. With respect to the main research focus, results show that the top 100 scoring users on indegree centrality, hub, pagerank, authority, and betweenness centrality metrics contain at least 10 lead users, a satisfactory amount for a typical project with lead user involvement. Additionally, votes, closeness centrality, outdegree centrality and specification-attributes-in-time metrics contain at least 10 lead users among 150 the top scoring users. Latent-attributes and domain-interest metrics are less useful. The correlation analysis does not reveal any significant relationship between any metric and lead userness. Finally, Lead User Search Assistant (LUSA), a tool to help domain experts to manually assess the top scoring users in terms of their lead userness is built. It is proposed it can reduce lead user identification procedure to hours.


The challenge of assessing the cardiovascular safety of the recently approved naltrexone-bupropion combination for treatment of obesity originates in the complex issues involving the LIGHT trial, published in this issue of JAMA.1 In 2011, in response to concerns regarding the cardiovascular effects of this combination medication, including elevations in blood pressure, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asked the sponsor, Orexigen, to support a definitive safety study.2 Investigators designed the LIGHT study to randomize approximately 9000 patients to receive treatment with naltrexone-bupropion vs placebo and follow them up for about 5 years until approximately 400 major adverse cardiovascular events had occurred. With a noninferiority design, the study was powered to exclude a 1.4-fold increase in cardiovascular risk associated with the medication. The LIGHT protocol included a preplanned interim analysis after 25% of the major adverse cardiovascular events of interest (including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke) had been accrued. The goal of this interim analysis was to assess whether naltrexone-bupropion was associated with more than a 2-fold increase in the risk of major cardiovascular events. In most clinical trials, such a review is handled in confidence by the data monitoring committee, without disclosure of data to the sponsor or researchers unless the trial needs to be stopped. In this case, however, for the purpose of initial market approval, the sponsor was also required to share the results of the LIGHT interim analysis with the FDA. The FDA's use of interim analyses of ongoing safety studies is relatively new. About 8 years ago, after several medications for diabetes were found to have previously unappreciated cardiovascular risks, the agency faced an unappealing choice: either (1) continue to approve drugs based primarily on efficacy studies of glycemic control for diabetes and risk learning about serious cardiovascular risk after approval or (2) delay consideration of new therapies until years of cardiovascular safety data had been collected. In 2008, the FDA issued a guidance statement for the development of drugs for diabetes that reflected a creative compromise between safety and new drug development.3 For initial approval, the FDA required manufacturers to provide enough data to show that the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the risk ratio of the risk of cardiovascular events was less than 1.8. Then, as a condition of market approval, sponsors had to conduct a postmarketing trial that, either alone or combined with the preapproval data in a meta-analysis, would demonstrate that the upper 95% confidence interval for cardiovascular risk was less than 1.3. The new approach accepted the possibility that a medication might meet its initial end point, gain approval, and then fail its final end point—an outcome that might lead to clinical confusion and regulatory uncertainty. To implement this 2-step safety evaluation more efficiently, sponsors of diabetes drug trials asked the FDA for permission to handle both parts with a single cardiovascular safety trial. In this model, interim results would be used to secure approval; the trial would continue; and the final results would determine whether the postmarketing requirement had been met. This strategy, however, introduced a new challenge to the process: keeping the interim results confidential. The 2 primary risks associated with the release of interim results are the potential to compromise the conduct of the trial and the potential to misinterpret the results of the trial.4 Early knowledge of interim results may affect the behavior of sponsors, investigators, and participants in the trial as well as the actions of physicians and patients in the community. Recruitment or retention of trial participants may be jeopardized. If the interim results are perceived to be negative, patients in the study may be inclined to drop out of the trial or stop taking their medications. If interim results are perceived to be positive, and the medication is commercially available, physicians may steer some patients to the therapy rather than to the study. These behaviors are difficult to detect and may jeopardize the integrity of the trial. At a public hearing held by the FDA in August 2014, there was broad agreement that, assuming the trial is not being stopped, the clinical community should be able to learn no more about an interim safety analysis than that the prespecified end point had been met.5 This is essentially the same level of understanding that investigators have when data monitoring committees permit their trials to continue. The new approach to cardiovascular safety for diabetes drugs, with its statistically sound design, has increased the number of clinical trials6 and has functioned as planned for several drugs, including saxagliptin7 and alogliptin.8 In both cases, the interim analyses showed a relative risk of less than 1.8 as indicated by the FDA guidance, the companies maintained the confidentiality of the results, the drugs were approved, and the final studies met their end points. For the review of naltrexone-bupropion, the FDA agreed to a similar approach for an obesity drug for the first time. Problems first became evident in fall 2013, when the interim analysis was presented to the data monitoring committee. The committee objectedtothesponsor'sdataaccessplanonthegroundsthat"business interests do not provide a sufficient justification for gaining accesstoconfidentialinformationonefficacyorsafety."9 ThecomRelated article page 990 Opinion


Background: Diabetic foot infections are one of the most feared complications of diabetes. This study was undertaken to determine the common aetiological agents of diabetic foot infections and their in vitro antibiotic susceptibility. Methods: A prospective study was performed over a period of one year in a tertiary care hospital. The aerobic bacterial agents were isolated and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined. Members of Enterobacteriaceae were tested for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production by combination disc method and staphylococcal isolates were tested for susceptibility to oxacillin by screen agar method. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%), Staphylococcus aureus (17%) and Escherichia coli (14.6%) were the most common aetiological agents. Polymicrobial infection was observed in 52% patients. The members of Enterobacteriaceae as well as Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. were found to be susceptible mainly to amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. were susceptible mostly to vancomycin, with varying susceptibility to tetracycline. 56% of the isolates belonging to Enterobacteriaceae were producing ESBL and 65.5% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant. Conclusion: High prevalence of multi-drug resistant pathogens was observed. Amikacin, piperacillintazobactam, imipenem were active against gram-negative bacilli, while vancomycin was found to be active against gram-positive bacteria.


Classical Brownian motion (BM) techniques for statistical monitoring of clinical trials have been widely used. The conditional power (CP) and α-spending function-based boundary crossing probabiliti...


PURPOSE: To easily and economically obtain 1,3,7-trialkyl xantine processing a neuroleptic effect in high yield by allowing theopromine to react with alkylating agent using a phase-transfer catalyst. CONSTITUTION: The target compound of formula [R 2 is R or (1'- theopromyl(mthyl; R 3 and R 7 are each n-1-6C alkyl] containing new compound such as 1-isopropyl-3,7-dimethyl xantine, etc., is obtained by allowing theopromine to react with an alkylating agent represented the formula, R-X (R is n-1-6C alkyl, branching 3-4C alkyl, benzyl, t-butyl-benzyl or aryl; X is sulfonate, sulfate or halogen) in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst of quaternary ammonium salt, etc., such as tetrabutylammonium bisufate, etc., and in the presence of excess solid alkaline metal hydroxide such as NaOH, etc., optionally using a solvent such as CH2CH2, etc., at a temp. of 20 to 100°C for 5-20 hrs. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


Student mobility features high on the agenda of the EU. The question, therefore, arises who is to finance the studies of mobile students: the home Member State or the host Member State. The subject of study financing is a sensitive one in all Member States. An inherent tension exists between the right to student mobility and the desire of the Member States to maintain the financial stability of their systems of study financing. This paper discusses the conditions which a host Member State (in this case the Netherlands) may impose on students from another Member State with regard to the provision of maintenance grants. It does so on the basis two rulings of the CJEU: Forster and Commission v the Netherlands. Analysis of these two judgments makes clear that the CJEU draws a sharp distinction between economically active students and those who are economically inactive in the host Member State. With regard to the latter, the host State may make the right to a maintenance grant dependent on the student concerned showing a sufficient degree of integration into its society. This allows this State to impose a residence requirement on such students. As far as economically active students are concerned, on the other hand, the imposition of a residence requirement constitutes an indirectly discriminatory measure which is prohibited by EU law unless it is objectively justified. The paper also briefly describes a judgment of the Dutch Central Appeals Tribunal in which preliminary questions were put to the CJEU. The questions referred concern both Article 45 TFEU and Article 7(2) of Regulation No 1612/68 (economically active students) and the citizenship provisions of the TFEU (eco* Senior Lecturer in European Law, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands. This paper was published in: K. Groenendijk et al., Issues that Matter. Mensenrechten, minderheden en migranten. Liber amicorum voor prof. mr. R. Fernhout, Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers 2013, p. 125-137. 1 Opinion of Advocate General Ruiz-Jarabo-Colomer in Joined Cases C-11 and C-12/06, Rhiannon Morgan v Bezirksregierung Koln and Iris Bucher v Landrat des Kreises Duren [2007] ECR I-9161, para. 43. In paragraphs 37-43 of the Opinion, the learned Advocate General provides a very readable account of student mobility throughout the ages. Looijestijn-Clearie: Student Mobility 4 nomically inactive students). These questions may lead the CJEU to reconsider its sharp distinction between economically and non-economically active students.


Supraventricular tachycardia is a group of rhythm disturbances that affect 1 in 300‐1200 Australian children annually. The differentiation of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) symptoms and age of onset according to their subtype is not well understood in the pediatric population. Most studies rely on ECG criteria only to characterize the subtype of the SVT, which is not applicable to all subtypes. The purpose of this study was to identify the symptoms and ages of onset of SVT subtypes, and to analyze whether ethnicity or severity correlated with the SVT subtype confirmed in an invasive Electrophysiology (EP) study.


Abstract An apparatus was devised which enabled subjects to practice one or more tasks varying in degree of difficulty on a distance dimension. Selected multiple- and single-task practice conditions were introduced, trials were held constant; this was followed by a test for differential transfer effects. Multiple-task practice of relatively easy practice tasks increased transfer, whereas single-task practice of relatively difficult tasks was most advantageous. A test also was made for summation effects when transfer was measured at a point intermediate between various practice tasks. The amount of transfer expected from practice of relatively easy tasks did not combine in a linear summation with the amount of transfer expected from practice of relatively difficult tasks.