A recent paper by KEEBLE, NELSON, and SNOW' has raised again the question of the existence of a geo-growth reaction in roots. Working with Zea mays, they reported that roots placed horizontally increased their rate of growth by as much as 50 per cent when measurements were made over periods of about 6 hours. They stated also that roots of Pisum, although not giving as clear-cut results, showed the same definite reaction. As the writer could not find such a geo-growth reaction in coleoptiles of Avena,2 it was thought well to check the observations recorded by the British investigators, especially in view of the fact that tropistic movements of roots of Lupinus had been studied without such a reaction having been noticed. During the past summer, the time-elongation curve was followed with a great number of roots of seedlings of Lupinus albus grown in moist sawdust at 2 2?-23? C. Measurements were made at first by means of a finely divided ruler; later by measuring with a curvimeter the enlarged photographical image of the roots kept undisturbed in their growing chamber. This latter process of measurement is simple with the aid of a camera with double extension and an objective which can be demounted, and whose back half can be used to give an enlargement of about twice that of the complete optical system. Outlines on light tracing paper can be taken very rapidly and with considerable precision. Elongation of the normal, vertical root was found to proceed at constant rate between 30 and go hours after the start of germination. On the average, the roots during this time grew from io mm. to 50 mm. in length. The seedlings were grown in very moist sawdust and kept on this medium between periods of measurements, at which brief times they were transferred to a covered glass cell containing about i cm. of water, and lined almost completely, except


Driven by the development of globalization,informationization,networking and media,"xx-gate" memetic phenomenon has been spread rapidly and extensively since American "Watergate".Therefore,"xx-gate" has become a new rhetorical expression of China in recent years.In the process of replication and transmission,the meaning of "gate" has changed from the scandals in reference to politics to things that arouse attention or controversy,but it still embodies the derogatory meaning.Due to media's constant speculation and frequent appearance in news headlines,people immediately relate the word "xx-gate" to "scandal";However,some events labeled with "xx-gate" do not have the derogatory meaning.Because the new word "xx-gate" has not been compiled into dictionaries,and it has complex pragmatic meanings,it has caused some difficulties in understanding,even misinterpretation.Based on the memetic analysis of the evolution of "-gate" meaning,this paper is an attempt to discuss some misinterpretation of the meaning of the "gate" in many "xx-gates" by illustrating examples,hoping to arouse people's attention so as to attach importance to the normalization of language understanding and usage.


In order to fully digest the waste clay brick which dismantled from old building,and applied to the construction of low-rise building in the villages and towns,we prepared large particle size of recycled coarse aggregate with waste clay brick,used the skeleton dense packing method to seek the maximum density of recycled coarse aggregate in the range of 5~100mm particle size,reduced the void ratio of recycled coarse aggregate,and fitted the curve of recycled coarse aggregate with reasonable gradation,thus prepared the recycled coarse aggregate self-compacting concrete,which had good workability,and satisfied the operating requirements of general concrete.Through the experimental study,we could effectively reduce the cost to prepare the recycled coarse aggregate,simplify the preparation process of recycled coarse aggregate,expand the application range of recycled coarse aggregate concrete,and gain good economic benefit.


Build excitement about your company and its job offerings by following a few simple guidelines. This course's easy-to-read format with its abundance of checklists, template forms, and quick tips is sure to help you work a little recruiting magic. Coverage includes- To outline procedures for planning and implementing effective recruitment strategies To describe simple and effective recruitment techniques To present special tactics for recruiting young persons To offer strategies for recruiting older workers, those in career transition, legal immigrants, and other classes of potentially eligible applicants To describe basic techniques for screening job applicants To define methods for selecting new employees


The primary function of the 64-m telescope, situated at Tidbinbilla near Canberra, is to communicate with and to control NASA's unmanned interplanetary space craft (Reid et al. 1973). Similar telescopes are situated at Goldstone in California and in Madrid and are part of the NASA-JPL Deep Space Network (DSN). Under the Host Country Radio Science Agreement between the U.S. and Australia the telescope is available to Australian astronomers at times outside those committed to normal tracking. A radiometer operating at λ = 13.5 mm has been built by CSIRO for use on the 64-m telescope. It was initially used for VLBI observations of water vapour masers on baselines between the U.S., Australia and USSR (Batchelor et al. 1976).


This study aimed to determine: (1) the relationship the teachers perception of the professionalism of teacher with teacher performance, (2) communication of climate relationship with teacher performance, and (3) perceptions of teachers to teacher professionalism and communication climate together with teacher performance.
The method used in this research is descriptive method with this type of research is correlational research because of the relationship between the study variables. The population in this study were all teachers who teach in MAN Langkat Regency Tanjung Pura totaling 126 people. Determination of the sample in this study using the nomogram Herry King with an error rate of 5%, and assisted with Table Isaac and Michael, the sample size in this study were as many as 95 people. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire for teachers perceptions of the professionalism of Teacher Training and Communication Climate and observation sheet for teacher performance. Reliability calculations showed r = 0.884 for instrument teachers perceptions of the professionalism of the Teaching and r = 0.925 for Climate Communication instruments and r = 0.996 for teacher performance instrument. The technique used is regression analysis and correlation.
The findings of this study are: (1) there is a significant relationship between the perception of teachers on Teacher Professionalism with teacher performance is indicated by a correlation of 0.711 with the equation of the regression line Ŷ = 47,305 + 0,3086 X 1 ; (2) there is a significant relationship between climate communication with teacher performance is indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0.541 the equation of the regression line Ŷ = 46,168 + 0,396 X 2 ; (3) there is a significant relationship between teachers perceptions of the professionalism of the Teaching and Climate Communication together with teacher performance, demonstrated by multiple correlation coefficient Ry.12 = 0.767 with the regression line equation. Ŷ = 11,65 + 0,136X 1 + 0,218 X 2 . The coefficient of determination shows the results of 0.589 this means 58.9% of the variation that affects the teachers performance can be explained by the perception of teachers on Teacher Professionalism and Climate Communication. Based on the findings in this study, the teachers need to perceive the Teacher Professionalism in Teaching Professionalism positive because at its core is the assistance provided to all school staff to develop teaching and learning situations better. Furthermore, the teacher is expected to be able to manage their emotions to improve communication climate that will ultimately improve their performance.


Distributing session keys for secure communication in an unreliable wireless network is a challenging issue due to the traffic congestion and the security problem. The self-healing key distribution is an efficient technique to reduce the traffic and provide good security performance. In this paper, we propose a new self-healing key distribution scheme based on the key-chain tree (KCT) for wireless networks. In the proposed scheme, group manager selects keys to encrypt session keys according to the position of revoked users in the KCT. Simulation results show that compared to existing schemes, the proposed scheme achieves a higher flexibility and a lower communication overhead.


We propose and study a predator–prey model with state-dependent delay where the prey population is assumed to have an age structure. The state-dependent delay appears due to the mature condition that the prey must spend an amount of time in the immature stage sufficient to accumulate a threshold amount of food. We perform a qualitative analysis of the solutions, which includes studying positivity and boundedness, existence and local stability of equilibria. For the global dynamics of the system, we discuss an attracting region which is determined by solutions, and the region collapses to the interior equilibrium in the constant delay case.


Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 45% of critically ill patients, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. The diagnostic standard, plasma creatinine, is nonspecific and may not increase until days after injury.

 to assess myo inositol oxygenase as noval marker in early detection of acute kidney injury critically ill patients.

 In this prospective study, 40 critically ill patients were followed up in ICU up regarding development of Aki in ICU according to KDIGO definition. They were categorized into two subgroups; 20 patients developed AKI in and 20 patients who did not develop AKI. In addition, a control group of 20 individuals in Ain Shams Hospital during the period from 2018 to 2019, we did myoinositol oxygenase level test at time of admission and repeated in patients group which develop AKI within 24-48 hours.

 MIOX for the diagnosis of AKI When the cut-off value was taken as above 800, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of MIOX for AKI were 100%). For creatinine, at the cut-off value of above 0.9, the sensitivity for AKI were found 90% and specificity for AKI were found 65%.

 The measurement of serum MIOX is valuable for the diagnosis of AKI. Further research is needed for the evaluation of the potential use of MIOX as a kidney-specific enzyme in the early diagnosis of AKI.


INTRODUCTION
Survival following lung transplantation is less than 50% at 5 years, mainly due to immune-mediated chronic rejection. Recently a novel subset of T cells, CD4-veCD8-ve CD30+ve, so-called double negative (DN) CD30+ve T cells, has been described and shown to be responsible for tolerance in an animal model of skin transplantation.

METHODS
We investigated 18 lung transplant recipients for the presence of DN CD30+ve T cells in resting peripheral blood and also following in vitro stimulation of recipient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with donor spleen cells.

RESULTS
Small percentages (0.2% to 6%) of DN T cells are detectable in resting PBMCs of human transplant patients (n = 18), but these did not correlate with allograft function, acute rejection episodes, HLA mismatch, or CMV status. On repeated stimulation of recipient PBMCs (two exposures) in vitro by donor spleen cells (2:1 ratio stimulators to responders) the percentage of DN CD30+ve T cells within the lymphocyte pool correlated with preservation of allograft lung function (both for FEV(1), P = .009, and FEF(25-75), P = .036) and was inversely correlated with grade of chronic rejection. On repeated exposure of recipient PBMCs to donor spleen cells with a 1:1 ratio the percentage of DN CD30+ve T cells correlated with the number of acute rejection episodes of grade 2 or greater. The total number of HLA mismatches correlated with the percentage DN CD30+ve T cells present after primary stimulation of recipient PBMCs with donor spleen cells (1:1 ratio). The number of mismatches at the B locus inversely correlated with the percentage of DN CD30+ve T cells after primary stimulation of recipient PBMCs with donor spleen cells (1:1 ratio; P = .031, n = 18).

CONCLUSION
Percentages of DN CD30+ve T cells present following repeated stimulation of recipient PBMCs by donor spleen cells correlated with preservation of graft function following lung transplantation.


[1] We present an analysis of the occurrence distributions of statistically significant apparent frequencies of periodic solar wind number density structures and dayside magnetospheric oscillations in the f = 0.5–5.0 mHz range. Using 11 years (1995–2005) of solar wind data, we identified all spectral peaks that passed both an amplitude test and a harmonic F test at the 95% confidence level in 6-hour data segments. We find that certain discrete frequencies, specifically f = 0.7, 1.4, 2.0, and 4.8 mHz, occur more often than do other frequencies over those 11 years. We repeat the analysis on discrete oscillations observed in 10 years (1996–2005) of dayside magnetospheric data. We find that certain frequencies, specifically f = 1.0, 1.5, 1.9, 2.8, 3.3, and 4.4 mHz, occur more often than do other frequencies over those 10 years. Many of the enhancements found in the magnetospheric occurrence distributions are similar to those found in the solar wind. Lastly, we counted the number of times the same discrete frequencies were identified as statistically significant using our two spectral tests on corresponding solar wind and magnetospheric 6-hour time series. We find that in 54% of the solar wind data segments in which we identified a spectral peak, at least one of the same discrete frequencies was statistically significant in the corresponding magnetospheric data segment. Our results argue for the existence of inherent apparent frequencies in the solar wind number density that directly drive global magnetospheric oscillations at the same discrete frequencies, although the magnetosphere also oscillates through other physical mechanisms.


In recent years, various types of drones have been paid attention to and are expected to play an active role in many fields. However, when flying forward and backward, or right and left, the attitude of the conventionaldrones changes depending on the situation. In order to prevent the drones from changing its posture, several type of drones with tiltable rotors have been attracting attention in recent years. Among them, a tandem-type rotor with 2-DOF tiltable coaxial rotors has been already proposed. In this study, the servo motor to be used for tilting the pitching angle of the tiltable rotor is exchanged to a multi-turned type to exclude the rotational restriction of the tilt mechanism, so that it enhances the motion ability of the UAV. In addition, the size and weight of the machine is reduced so as to make it suitable for a simple experiment in a narrow space. Some experiments are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design and manufacture of the current aircraft on the ground motion.


The present invention relates to chemical medicine preparation, and is the preparation process of lauromacrogol. The preparation process of the present invention adopts NaOH as catalyst to simplify operation and control of heavy metal content, HAC for neutralization in mild reaction condition to avoid oxidation of phosphoric acid at high temperature, and cloud point measuring method to control polymerization end point. Therefore, the synthesis process of the present invention is reasonable and can ensure stable quality of medicine material product.


Box 2.1 Who drinks the most beer? According to the Brewers Association of Japan, the Chinese drink the most beer in the world (44,201 million litres in 2012, up from 28,640 in 2004) followed by the Americans (24,186 million litres). In contrast, the Czech Republic ranked a lowly 21st in terms of total consumption (1905 million litres) and Ireland didn't even make the top 25. This information may be useful for planning production, but do the Chinese and Americans really drink more beer than the rest of us? An alternative and possibly more informative way to look at these data is in terms of consumption per capita . When we do this, the USA falls to 14th position in the 'beer drinking league table' (77 litres per capita) and China falls way off the screen (a mere 33 litres per capita). The Czechs are now the champions (149 litres per capita), followed by Austria (108 litres) and Germany (106 litres) in 2nd and 3rd place and Ireland comes in 6th place (98 litres per capita). While Australia held the 4th spot in 2004 with an average of 110 litres per capita, by 2012 they had fallen to 11th on the table (83 litres). ( Source : www.kirinholdings.co.jp/english/news/2014/0108_01.html, accessed 2 May 2015.) The goal of public health is to improve the overall health of a population by reducing the burden of disease and premature death. To do this we need to be able to quantify the levels of ill-health or disease in a population in order to monitor our progress towards eliminating existing problems and to identify the emergence of new problems. Many different measures are used by researchers and policy makers to describe the health of populations. You have already met some of these for example the attack rate, which was used to investigate the source of the food poisoning outbreak in the previous chapter. In this chapter we will introduce some more of the most commonly used measures so that you can use and interpret them correctly.


In this article, we discuss possible options for hydrogen-storage systems. We begin by pointing out the tremendous advantages of hydrogen as an alternative fuel, but we also discuss the problems associated with it. We then move to the general constraints for hydrogen storage in automotive applications, followed by the targets that the US Department of Energy has established for the performance of hydrogen-storage systems in order to be on track for a future hydrogen economy and to be competitive with the current technology of fossil fuel-based combustion engines. We then move to the central topic of this book article—the three main categories of hydrogen-storage systems, distinguished by their mechanism of storing hydrogen: mechanical storage, adsorption-based storage, and chemical storage, with an emphasis on the latter two. Within these categories, we break the materials further into subgroups, pointing out strengths and weaknesses of each in reference to the US Department of Energy targets. We finally conclude with an outlook into the near-term future.

Keywords:

mechanical hydrogen storage;
compressed, liquid, and cryo-compressed hydrogen;
adsorption-based hydrogen storage;
metal–organic framework materials;
nanostructures;
clathrates;
zeolites;
chemical hydrogen storage;
simple metal hydrides;
complex metal hydrides;
hydrocarbons;
boron and nitrogen hydrides


The "non-decoration" style comes from the trend of functionalism of construction industry in 1960s.The modern "non-decoration" style is not exclusive or getting rid of decoration,but it means that decorative manner will be integrated into decorative objects.This article explores decorated with its characteristics,extends the extension of the decoration.


Objective To estabish a pre-column derivatization with RP-HPLC method for the determination of content of carnosion.Methods 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene was used as derivatization regent.The reversed phase HPLC system consisted of a DiamonsilTM C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)and a mixture of acetonitrile:Sodium acetate solution(V ∶V=1∶5)as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The UV detection wavelength was 360 nm.Results A linearity between major derivative peak area and tiopronin concentration was achieved in the range of 2.0-20.0 mg·L-1,with r=0.999 4.The average recovery was 96.8% and RSD was 0.8%(n=9).Conclusions The method can be used for determination of content of carnosion.


SUMMARY Freshly cut stumps of manna gum (Eucalyptus viminalis Labill). were treated, by whole-stump spraying and by painting the cut surface only, with the weedicides Tordon 22K, Tordon 50D, and 2,4,5-T in each of three seasons (autumn, winter and summer). The starch content of the sapwocd was determined at intervals after treatment, and incidence of coppicing recorded. The weedicides prevented coppicing and also reduced the starch content of cut stumps. There was no evidence that coppicing was causually related to starch content.


The power electronic loads usually behave as constant power loads (CPLs) in dc microgrids (MGs), which degrades the system stability due to their high-order nonlinearity and negative impedance characteristics. Furthermore, the stability concern will be more complicated for the distributed generators (DGs) in dc MGs considering both economic efficiency and plug-and-play performance. In this article, an autonomous finite-time backstepping controller (FTBC) for decentralized economic power dispatch and precise dc-bus voltage regulation of a dc MG is proposed. The high-order nonlinear disturbance observer (HONDO) technique is adopted to estimate the power exchanges between the DGs and loads. So that the decentralized economic power dispatch and rapid voltage regulation can be achieved without any extra output current sensors. In addition, the use of HONDO improves the system's dynamic performance by estimating the disturbances and system uncertainties, and the FTBC guarantees the bus voltage tightly tracking within a finite-time convergence. A rigorous stability analysis is performed to prove the large-signal stability of the regulated system, and some simulations and experiments are carried out.


Since Halle 1962, explicit algebraic variables (often called alpha notation) have been commonplace in phonological theory. However, Hayes and Wilson (2008) proposed a variable-free model of phonotactic learning, sparking a debate about whether such algebraic representations are necessary to capture human phonological acquisition. While past experimental work has found evidence that suggested a need for variables in models of phonology (Berent et al. 2012, Moreton 2012, Gallagher 2013), this article presents a novel mechanism, Probabilistic Feature Attention, that allows a variable-free model of phonotactics to predict a number of these phenomena. This approach also captures experimental results involving phonological generalization that cannot be explained by variables. These results cast doubt on whether variables are necessary to capture human-like phonotactic learning and provide a useful alternative to such representations.


Objective
To investigate the prenatal diagnosis method and selective reduction treatment of the multiple pregnancy with fetal chromosomal abnormalities.

Methods
This study collected 9 cases of multiple pregnancies with fetal chromosomal abnormalities, which were admitted into The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2012 to December 2013. Prenatal diagnosis method, fetal chromosomal abnormalities, selection reduction treatment and pregnancy outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
Among the 9 cases, 3 cases were triplet pregnancy and the other 6 cases were twin pregnancy. (1)Prenatal diagnosis: ①Ultrasonic testing: All the fetuses of 9 patients were thick nuchal translucency (NT). Six cases had structural abnormalities fetus, including cervical cyst, cardiac abnormity, external genitals malformation, strephenopodia, anasarca, and so on.②Karyotype analysis: In 1 case, 2 fetuses of twin pregnancies were chromosomal abnormality. Among the 8 cases, 1 fetus of multiple pregnancies were chromosomal abnormality, which included 5 trisomy 21 syndrome cases, 1 Turner syndrome case, 1 chromosome deficiency case and 1 chromosome duplication. (2) Therapy and pregnancy outcomes: 7 cases were performed selective reduction; 1 caseaborted, 3 patients preterm delivered and all the newborns had complications, 3 cases delivered at term and all the newborns were normal. Among the 2 cases of refusing to fetal reduction, 1 case spontaneous abortion at the second trimester and the other was performed caesarean section at 35 weeks of pregnancy whose one of twin baby was trisomy 21 syndrome and the other was healthy.

Conclusions
For multiple pregnancies, karyotype analysis should be emphasized in the first trimester. When the fetuses were diagnosed of chromosomal abnormality, it should be performed ultrasound mediated selection reduction

Key words:
Pregnancy, multiple; Chromosomes, human; Chromosome aberrations; Prenatal diagnosis; Pregnancy reduction, multifetal


This experiment was carried out to study the collect methods of abattoir ovaries,and the ef- fects of cumulus cells and granulose cells on developmental competence of bovine oocytes derived from a- battoir ovaries.The result showed that more available oocytes could be obtained in dissected than aspirated method(8.5/ovary vs 6.2/ovary,P<0.05)after collecting ovaries from slaughtered cows.Following in vitro maturation,fertilization and culture(IVMFC),the cleavage rate of oocytes without cumulus cells (naked oocytes)from the follicles was 40.20% with only 28.2% at 8-16 cell stage,the best development was at 16-cell stage;the cleavage rates and blastocyst rates of cumulus and oocytes complex surrounded by more then 3-layer cumulus cells were significantly higher than that of oocytes partly surrounded by cu- mulus cells(60.2% vs 53.2%;31.5% vs 19.6%,P<0.05).Addition of granulose cells in the culturing solution could increase the number of blastocytes(96.2±5.2:70.4±4.6,P<0.05),but had not acceler- ated the cleavage rate of bovine embryos.


The living environment role in the health of individuals evolves. The world changes and it is important to analyse the relevance of the environment to health at the light of different factors. Increasing evidence exists that human health is influenced by our way of living and dealing with the environment. In a society where inequalities exist, it becomes clear that a positive relation exists between a good living environment and people's well-being. From the way we interact with each other through social contacts until the way we treat environment, with its consequences, all accounts to our well-being and mental and physical health. Social relationships are directly connected to a healthy environment and are a beneficial part of this equation, allowing persons to be healthier and to live longer. Clearly, a person's individual characteristics plays a crucial role in these connections, since these relations do not constitute an exact science. It is essential to pay attention to the way emerging economies conduct their development, because it carries important responsibilities for the future of the next generation with adverse impacts caused by pollution and representing a threat to human health and well-being. The associations between environment as a whole and human health are very complex. However, some clues may enlighten us regarding some connections between both study areas.


In recent years, China initiated Big Data strategies and put forward a series of legislative proposals with regard to the regulation and utilization of Big Data technology. However, academics have not reached consensus to fundamental questions such as data ownership and protection approaches yet. The intrinsic contradiction lies in the difference of values between Big Data which emphasizes "open and sharing" and intellectual property law that protects monopoly interests. This article seeks to conceptualize Big Data in a dynamic approach with an aim to frame the dialogue for further discussion. Through analyzing whether current intellectual property laws in China serve a solid base for promoting the development of big data technology, it proposes that, in order to address regulatory impracticality of Big Data, certain statutory amendments are necessary. However, regarding the revolutionized proposition of creating a "database right" or alleging "Big Data as an object of intellectual property law," this research recommends a modest and restrained approach.


This thesis is a collection of essays on matching and cost sharing problems. In chapter 1, we study decentralized matching processes in which agents make offers to one another directly. By observing these offers, each agent gathers information about other agents' preferences, which may lead him/her to update his/her preferences. We formulate and explore intuitive conditions on updating in terms of "when" and "how" to update. Then, we study the implications of updating on a "natural" matching process related to the deferred acceptance algorithm (Gale and Shapley, 1962). We consider separately the effects of updating for proposers and receivers. We show that if updating satisfies some of the above mentioned conditions, the matching may not be stable with respect to the last preference profile. We introduce processes that recover stability. When proposers update, we present two ways to modify the decentralized deferred acceptance algorithm. The main feature of these processes is that they allow agents to withdraw some offers in order to propose to other agents. When receivers update, we propose a process that allows them to resolve their blocking pairs, but without completely altering the roles of proposers and receivers. In chapter 2, we study the problem of allocating objects among people. We consider cases where each object is initially owned by someone, no object is initially owned by anyone, and combinations of the two. The problems we look at are those where each person has a need for exactly one object and initially owns at most one object (also known as "house allocation with existing tenants"). We split with most of the existing literature on this topic by dropping the assumption that people can always strictly rank the objects. We show that, without


The super-conducting type MAGLEV, which is directly driven by the VVVF inverters or the cycloconverters, is well-known as the new traction system for the future super-rapid mass transportation.Since the frequency converters generate harmonic currents possibly leading to the interference problem on utility's transmission system, the conventional AC filter of LC (reacter-capacitor) branch and/or the active filter is necessary to prevent the harmonic disturbances.We have developed a novel harmonic compensation system consisting of shunt LC filters on load side, a step-down transformer on receiving end, and a small-capacity active filter which one end is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer and the other to the load bus.The active filter is current-controlled to give adequate damping to the harmonic resonance condition between the power system and the passive filter equipment especially at lower harmonic frequencies.We will describe the principle and the characteristics of the new harmonic compensation system, and its labolatory test results which show satisfactory performance.


In Japan, flooding damages by rainfall are increasing in recent years, because Japanese river is located steep hillslopes and severe rainfall is increasing. Therefore, it is of great importance to improve the longterm forecast of rainfall for efficient reservoir operation. In this study, we research the verification accuracy of ensemble forecast of precipitation provided by Japan Meteorological Agency at a basin of Tenryu River. And we research a technique of extreme event forecast using the probability distribution of ensemble forecast. As a result, one month ensemble rainfall forecast underestimates heavy rain, and overestimate weak rain, but we can compensate this underestimation and overestimation by using probability distribution. And we can forecast heavy rain using Potential Indices (PI). .


Within fiber optics, plastic optical fibers (POFs) have always had to take a back seat due to their relatively high loss. This kept them as a specialty fiber for illumination, sensing and low speed short data links. However, continued research and development on the core materials used in POFs are improving their performance significantly as we are now able to manufacture POFs with low transmission loss, high temperature resistance and stable bandwidth over distance. The improved performance, the ease of installation and the low cost of POFs has led to a renewed interest in these fibers. This review looks at the material developments that have and continue to improve the optical loss factors in POFs. Both intrinsic and extrinsic loss mechanisms are discussed. In particular the intrinsic loss mechanisms are reviewed in greater detail. Intrinsic losses are associated with the chemical and physical structure of the fiber materials, while extrinsic losses are related to losses due to contaminants and various production imperfections.


The acousticians for the Tokyo International Forum were faced with a number of very severe noise and vibration problems related to the siting of the complex in the center of downtown Tokyo, the placement of the performance halls next to one another, and the location of a portion of the mechanical equipment on the roof. In addition, subway lines ran parallel to three of the boundaries of the structure, another line ran under the building, and the main tracks of Japan Rail ran above ground alongside the major atrium. This paper will discuss the noise criteria set for the performance rooms and other noise sensitive spaces, the noise and vibration measurements taken to determine the severity of the train‐related conditions, predictions of other noise and vibration sources, and the solutions developed by the design team to meet the criteria required by the program. Among the solutions are a secant wall surrounding the foundation, box in box construction for the four performance halls, blocking mass installations at key locations throughout the steel skeleton of the complex, and isolation joints and sound locks between the performance rooms.


Simultaneous changes in the representation of wetland and dry land taxa are a common feature of mid and late Holocene pollen diagrams from the coastal wetlands of North‐West Europe. Distinguishing both the areas affected and between natural and anthropogenic causes can be problematic. High temporal resolution, improved taxonomic procedures and multivariate statistics have been applied to two Thames estuary sites, along with simulation models, to resolve these issues. Large Poaceae pollen grains appear to be derived from wild grasses rather than cereals, while modelling indicates that even extensive clearance in dry land areas produces relatively minor changes in pollen assemblages where fen carr is the in situ vegetation. It is concluded that rapid/abrupt simultaneous pollen stratigraphic events in coastal wetlands are likely to have been caused by wetland vegetation changes alone. Simultaneous events, dating from c. 2150–1300 cal a BC, can be distinguished at 12 Thames estuary pollen sites. During this interval inter‐tidal environments expanded creating areas attractive to human populations for pasturage. This exploitation is likely to have led to further changes in wetland vegetation and increased clearance activity on adjacent dry land areas. In such circumstances disentangling the processes causing vegetation change is challenging, although considerably aided by the techniques adopted in this paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Thermal studies of cobalt, nickel and copper comple xes of anthracene carboxaldehyde –DLAlanine have been carried out. The kinetic parameters like the c hange in entropy, Arrhenius factor and activation en rgy of the decomposition of complexes were determined. Their de composition mechanism and order of decomposition re action were calculated. Anthracene Carboxaldehyde Alanine synt hesized is a bidentate ligand. All complexes are col ored and are soluble in hot methanol and ethanol. Co (II), N i (II), and Cu (II) complexes synthesized, assigned the general formula [ML 2 (H2 O)2.]. Using Mechanistic equation, it is observed that, the cobalt and copper complexes have cylindrical symmetry and spherical symmetry for nic kel complex, Order of decomposition for cobalt comp lex is 1⁄2, for nickel complex it is 2/3 and for copper it is 1/3.


Abstract Some Latin verbs take the the experiencer argument in the accusative case. The case-frames of these verbs has been interpreted as evidence for active clause alignment in PIE. According to this hypothesis, the case syntax of Latin verbs like paenitet, pudet, piget, and miseret is inherited from PIE and represents an archaic pattern originally affecting all stative intransitives. However, Latin verbs with case-frames like paenitet belong to the second conjugation, which includes the PIE causatives (e. g. PIE *mon-eye-ti 'admonishes' > Lat. monet) and statives (PIE *tak-eh1-ti 'is silent' > Lat. tacet). This is the consequence of the regular sound changes (*eh1> ē, *eye > ē) by which the stative and causative suffixes merged as Latin -ē-. We argue that the irregular case-frames of the Latin bivalent statives are innovations based on the analogy with the case-frames of causative verbs, which had the Causee argument in the accusative case.


The invention relates to the technical field of integrated circuits, in particular to a parallel pseudo CSD encoder for a variable coefficient multiplier. The parallel pseudo CSD encoder comprises an arithmetic logic circuit and an output logic circuit. The input end of the arithmetic logic circuit is connected with external input data, and the output end of the arithmetic logic circuit is connected with the first input end of the output logic circuit. The second input end of the output logic circuit is connected with external input data, and the output end of the output logic circuit is connected with the coefficient input end of a backward-stage multiplier. The parallel pseudo CSD encoder has the advantages that it is ensured that a code system formed after pseudo CSD encoding has the same nonzero digit number as a traditional CSD encoding, and meanwhile the parallel arithmetic logic is adopted to eliminate carry transmission logic produced in the traditional CSD encoding process, so that the pseudo CSD encoder arithmetic speed is increased, the parallel pseudo CSD encoder is unrelated with the binary digit bit length needing to be encoded, the fixed-delay encoding circuit is formed, and the data throughput of the pseudo CSD encoder is greatly improved. The parallel pseudo CSD encoder is especially applicable to variable coefficient multipliers.


Since the discovery of thienamycin (1) in 1976, many studies on the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of parenteral-use drugs have been done and several carbapenems, imipenem (2), panipenem (3), and meropenem (7), have been marketed. The development of oral carbapenems, however, is a fairly slow process because carbapenems are considered unstable in the stomach and intestine. Recently, several orally active carbapenems without stability problems have been developed as prodrug esters or prodrug peptides, including GV-118819 (12), CS-834 (13), L-084 (14), DZ-2640 (15), and peptidic derivatives of CL 191,121 (16). The active forms (35), (41), (44), (45), (16) of these prodrugs exhibited potent and well balanced antibacterial activities as well as resistance to renal dehydropeptidase-I. The pharmacokinetic parameters of compounds (12), (13), (14), and ( 15) after oral administration to healthy volunteers were reported. The half-life (t1/2) of GV-118819 (12) was longer than that of the other compounds, while the Cmax, AUC and urinary excretion rate of L-084 (14) were higher than those of the others. In this review, the synthesis, chemical and biological properties, and pharmacokinetics of these oral carbapenems are described.


ABSTRACT The fifteen components used for assessment in the Introductory course in the Department of Psychology at the University of Sydney for 1981 and 1982 were examined to determine their relative value as predictors of overall performance. Multiple‐choice tests were consistently found to be more effective than essay examinations but arguments are advanced for the retention of the latter with suggestions for their improvement.


This paper describes the development of a strategy to optimally tune constrained predictive controller of Multi Inputs Multi Outputs Nonlinear system with T-S fuzzy modeling approach. The proposed method consists of using T-S fuzzy modeling to determine process model. The intelligent algorithms Particle Swam Optimization is applied to provide the controls action by solving nonlinear optimization problems which is function of the future prediction outputs and the future inputs. The performance of this strategy is evaluated through its application to Quadruple-Tank Process.


Adipose tissue is a major site of lipid metabolism that works synergistically with other organs to regulate whole body energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue also modulates metabolism by secretion of adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin. Abnormalities in the differentiation and function of mature fat cells (adipocytes) are linked to metabolic disease. The evolutionarily‐conserved Notch signaling pathway is necessary for the differentiation of all cell types including adipocytes. Both inhibition and activation of Notch 1 interfere with adipose remodeling in response to nutritional stress. Although activation of the canonical Notch pathway requires binding to one of its transmembrane ligands such as Jagged‐1, the importance of the ligand itself in regulating adipose development and function has been poorly studied. Furthermore, the ability of the Jagged1 ligand to regulate adipocyte cell fate decisions directly through translocation of its intracellular domain (ICD) into the nucleus is unknown. To address these questions regarding the role of Jagged1 in maintaining metabolically healthy adipose, we generated a novel Cre‐mediated conditional knockout murine strain (ap2‐Jag1tm2Grid) to study the impact that jagged1 gene dosage has on visceral adipose depots under conditions of dietary stress. The ap2‐Jag1tm2Grid line produces progeny with three possible Jagged‐1 genotypes that result in either wild type, haploinsufficient or complete loss of Jagged1 expression in mature adipocytes. Physiological and biochemical measurements conducted on young mice representing all three genotypes after administration of either a high fat ("Western") or standard diet for 5 weeks support our hypothesis that complete or partial loss of Jagged1 in adipocytes is detrimental to the ability of adipose to remodel and function normally in response to the intake of dietary lipids. Differences among the cohorts regarding weight gain, % visceral fat mass, fasting blood glucose, serum lipids and expression of adipokines leptin and adiponectin support a role for Jagged‐1 in maintaining proper adipose growth and metabolism. Data from this study may lead to a better understanding of how the expression level of Jagged1 influences an individual's susceptibility to obesity and metabolic disease.


The first principle of republicanism is that the lex majoris partis is the fundamental law of every society of individuals of equal rights; to consider the will of the society enounced by the majority of a single vote as sacred as if unanimous is the first of all lessons in importance, yet the last which is thoroughly learnt. This law once disregarded, no other remains but that of force, which ends necessarily in military despotism.


Among the Bakonzo of the Rwenzori, Uganda, each new-born is granted a name indicating his or her birth order, following the siblings previously born of the same mother. Such a name does not serve as a label attached to someone's specificity and uniqueness, that is, to someone's individuality. Rather, it is a description of the person's relative position within the uterine descent group, a position which is – therefore – common to many persons. Other names are attached to each Mukonzo, either at birth or later in life, according to biographical circumstances, new relational positions, personal characteristics and religious affiliation. The konzo naming system contributes therefore to a «relational individuation» and nowadays reflects the new tensions that arise at the intersection between different anthropo-poietic systems.


Jennifer Colman, the General Medical Council member forced to stand down from its professional conduct committee, has challenged the council's right to instigate an external review of her suitability to judge doctors' fitness to practice.

Speaking at a full GMC council meeting last week, Dr Colman accused the council of undermining democracy by forcing her to stand down from a committee she was elected to serve on and acting outside its legal powers by launching an external review of her behaviour. The GMC is governed under the Medical Act 1983, which Dr Colman argued …


In the inventive device for evaluating the attentiveness of a driver in a collision avoidance system in motor vehicles with an electronic control unit, the electronic controller includes an assignment unit, the predetermined first input data of the control unit evaluates as to recognition of a specific driving situation from a plurality of predetermined driving situations. Furthermore, the electronic control device includes means connected to the assignment unit driver observation unit, the second predetermined input data, based on the detected driving situation with regard to the assessment evaluates the degree of situation-adapted attentiveness. Finally, the control unit is configured such that at least one functional unit of the collision avoidance system is controlled depending on the detected degree of situation-adapted attentiveness.


The basic methodology of simulation tools for design of receivers (including earphones)is used by lumped equivalent circuits.The relationship between components and frequency response curve is studied and analyzed,the test results are very useful for improving the characteristics of sound pressure frequency response of receivers and earphones.


A new laser plasma technique for non-vacuum deposition of thin films has been developed recently. This technique was successfully applied to deposit hard carbon coatings on steel substrates. The obtained diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings with amorphous structure demonstrated high nanohardness and good adhesion to the substrate. Here we present new experimental data concerning parameters of the produced carbon plasma and features of the plasma-substrate interaction, which are necessary for further progress of this technique. Spectroscopic study of the plasma emission was performed for picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses at different wavelengths (λ=1078 nm, 539 nm and 248 nm). The laser plasma composition was studied and conditions for the occurrence of low-threshold air breakdown near the target surface were determined. The ranges of the substrate-target distances, which ensure carbon film deposition or plasma etching of the substrate, were determined. The revealed influence of the laser pulse energy, pulse duration and wavelength on the plasma-substrate interaction is reported.


Two water cooled toroidal limiters were used in HT-7 to exhaust power effectively since the spring campaign of 2004. The heat flux deposition pattern on their surfaces both in steady state and transient state, caused only by plasma displacement, were studied with ANSYS code. The ripple of the toroidal magnetic field was taken into account. The heat flux deposition appeared to be periodic. The ripple and the relative location of the limiter to the toroidal field (TF) coils, as well as the shift of the center of the last closed flux surface (LCFS), had a vital influence upon the heat flux profile. The location with maximum temperature didn't coincide with that for the maximum heat flux in a transient state. The shift of the center of LCFS, caused by plasma displacement, made the heat flux on the limiter more uneven. The heat flux deposition pattern concerning the real shift of the center of LCFS at a transient state calls for further research.


Two comprehensive reviews of a software program that illustrates experimental simulation covering concepts of diffusion, osmosis, random motion, and the properties of cell plasma membranes.


In a context of sustainable development and food security, the fight against climate change has become a priority. In tropical rural areas, its effects are beginning to appear by affecting agricultural production, which is a factor that aggravates socio-economic impacts. Indeed, understanding the determinisms of climate change as well as their perception and the adaptation strategies developed by rural populations is an issue of food security and socio-economic development. In the sub-prefecture of Séguéla, the perceptions and adaptations to climate change of populations living from rain-fed agriculture are acute. This article analyzes on the one hand the climatic variability of this sub-prefecture based on scientific observations of the annual accumulations of precipitation from 1986 to 2015. And on the other hand, following a questionnaire survey, the perception and representation of this climatic variability as well as the strategies developed in response by farmers were noted. The main results indicate a decrease in rainfall in general modifying the crop calendar of farmers. In addition, the study attests that peasant perceptions and representations are linked to their local beliefs. This then results in dynamics and modalities of adaptation through the introduction of new cultures / associations of cultures, the development of lowlands reflecting the interactions of the peasant population with its environment.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of wet compress with herbs for cetuximab correlative erythra. Methods Fortytwo patients received radiochemotherapy combined with cetuximab were randomly divided into two groups. The 23 patients in the experimental group received one-week wet compress with 5g/100ml flos lonicerae twice to five times per day. While the 19 patients in the control group were given wet compress with tepid water. The efficacy on day 3 and day 7 were observed. Results The efficacy on erythra was better in the experimental group than that of control group (P0.05). Conclusion The wet compress with flos lonicerae is effective,safe and economical for the treatment of cetuximab correlative erythra,which is deserved to be applied in clinical practice.


Objectives : This study looked at the relationship between occupational stress and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), to evaluate the effect of occupational stress-related factors. Methods : Data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 260 local officials in Gangwondo. The research comprised three questions relating to subjective oral symptoms, an occupational stress measurement tool and an oral health impact factor which was composed of questions. The data was analysed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and path analysis in Amos. Results : Occupational stress had a positive correlation to drinking frequency, Oral symptoms had a negative correlation. And drinking frequency, smoking amount and occupational stress had a positive correlation to oral symptoms. It denoted that drinking frequency, occupational stress and oral symptoms had a negative correlation to OHIP. The path model had an excellent goodness of fit (p


The output driver circuit has a data interface connector with a semiconducting substrate, a predefined node (42t) formed in the substrate, a current generation device formed in the substrate and a current rise controller (45) n the substrate. The current generation device responds to an applied signal defining the output data by generating an output current via the data interface connector. The current rise controller responds to a potential at the defined node by controlling the rate of increase of the output current. USE/ADVANTAGE - For improved semiconducting circuit for burn-in testing. Simple step introduced into manufacturing process prevents generation of noise.


Money laundering is established as a criminal offence and, to date, the prosecution of money laundering has been the responsibility of the Criminal Prosecution Service (CPS) and the Serious Fraud Office (SFO). However, the Financial Services and Markets Bill will provide the Financial Services Authority (FSA) with the power to bring a prosecution for offences under the Money Laundering Regulations. This may result in some confusion as to who should prosecute, particularly as it is established that all three bodies cannot prosecute the same crime since this would allow the defendant to claim double jeopardy. It should be noted that the FSA has stated that it will only prosecute for failing to maintain adequate controls against money laundering and that prosecutions for money laundering itself will be left to the criminal prosecution authorities. Despite this limitation there will still be an overlap between offences that the CPS, SFO and FSA may prosecute. The situation is further clouded, as the FSA will also be able to undertake a disciplinary action. A disciplinary action for money laundering has not been specifically mentioned in the Financial Services and Markets Bill. However, the FSA is most likely to introduce an and money‐laundering statement of principle, particularly as the reduction of financial crime is one of the objectives of the FSA. If a regulated person or institution is found to breach this, they will be subject to a penalty imposed under disciplinary proceedings. In addition, a blanket provision of 'misconduct' would also trigger the imposition of a penalty. Therefore, the possibility arises of a criminal prosecution by the FSA for failing to maintain adequate controls against money laundering, a prosecution by the CPS or SFO for money laundering itself and for failure to maintain adequate controls as well as an FSA disciplinary action.


Objective To investigate the change of breast cancer patients' electrocardiogram during combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone for the sake of predicting the cardiotoxictiy of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods From January, 1998 to June, 2004, 47postoperative breast cancer patients were enrolled. Among them 29 patients received chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy (combinative group), and 18 patients received chemotherapy alone (non combinative group). The changes of electrocardiogram were observed and correlation factors were analyzed. Results Abnormal electrocardiograms were noted in 11 (37.9%) and 2 patients(11.1%) of the combinative group and the non-combinative group respectively(z=-1.977,P=0.048). In the combinative group, heart events were significantly increased in patients above 60 years old (z=-2.094 P=0.036). The changes of electrocardiogram were not significantly correlative with hypertension history, tumor site, dose of radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic drugs. But the incidence of abnormal electrocardiogram was higher in patients with a hypertension history than in those without it (54^5% vs 27^8%). Conclusion The abnormalities of electrocardiogram were are more frequent in patients treated with both raditiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Our results suggest that breast cancer patients should be regularly reexamined with electrocardiography during therapy, especially whose age was those have a hypertension history and above 60 years old.;


Review of: Paul Trowler (2019). Accomplishing Change in Teaching and Learning Regimes: Higher Education and the Practice Sensibility. Oxford University Press. 224 pp.


This study theoretically examines the probability distribution of corporate bankruptcy upon new debt issuances. We develop a relatively simple Markov model with three feasible corporate phases, derive the stochastic transition rates and the time-related probabilities to remain in each business cycle, and further simulate realistic corporate paths. We find that when both corporate debt and assets are stochastic, the probability to be in Chapter 11 is generally lower among borrowers that portray higher debt variability. Moreover, we detect that the most probable time to be in bankruptcy occurs within two or three years of a new debt issuance.


Abstract This study examined the influence of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) on rutabaga (Brassica napusssp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk) root yield, mineral composition and storability from plants infected during the late stages of first year growth. TuMV‐infected plants from four commercial fields in Ontario, Canada were sampled when one‐sixth to one‐fourth of the plant foliage displayed TuMV symptoms. TuMV was detected in the roots of infected plants but at. low levels. Root yield, root dry matter percentage and the elemental composition of roots were similar from TuMV non‐infected and infected plants in the same field. Nitrogen, ?, ?n and Zn contents in the root tissues were observed to vary among the fields. There was no obvious differences in storability between TuMV non‐infected and infected roots after 5 months at 1°C and 87% humidity


In this paper, the oscillation of positive solutions for a simple genotype selection model with variable coefficients:x n+1 =x nexp[β n(1-2x n-k )]1-x n+x nexp[β n(1-2x n-k )]is investigated, We obtain a sufficient condition of the oscillation about the positive equilibrium =12.


The ability to make in miniature basic optical components is one of the most important factors in the development of intergrated optics circuit. Recently, fabrication of extremely compact components, such as beam splitters1 and zero-gap directional couplers,2 have been realized. These devices require interaction lengths of only a fraction of a millimeter to perform their required functions. The miniature beam splitter1 consists of two perpendicular AlGaAs/GaAs ridge waveguides, with a groove at the intersection. The groove was milled with a microfocused ion beam, and it was reported that the beam-splitting ratio could be adjusted by varying the groove depth. This device could be used as a power splitter or coupler or in the DFB laser circuit. The simple geometry permits easy integration, and a network of such structures may find application in optical computing. In this paper the beam-splitting characteristics of two perpendicular waveguides containing a 45° gap at the intersection, as shown in Fig. 1, are simulated by the FDTD method.3 Simulated results of the splitting ratio as functions of wavelength, gap width, and index change in the gap are presented.


This thesis adresses a variety of early markers of
 Alzheimer's disease, using MRI, histology and MRS. MRS is found to be
 promising for early diagnosis of AD. However this study is done on mice and
 should be replicated on AD patients over time. Besides the early markers the
 thesis descibes a potential difference between male and female in the
 development of AD in the brain.


Recycled concrete of normal section cracking moment is not uncommon in civil engineering,the ultimate tensile strain of concrete and the beams crack resistance has a direct relationship.However,in the development of recycled concrete and not by the tensile stress-strain curve of the report.To this end,how to use recycled concrete tensile stress-strain relationship is very important in the entire civil works.By analyzing the state of development of the recycled concrete,recycled concrete beams cracking moment of impact factors and recycled concrete structure of the performance analysis of the beams cracking recycled concrete beams cracking moment theory computing model,demonstrated the regeneration of coagulation moment formula has better applicability of recycled concrete development trends at the end.


The present study sought to identify the differences in levels of depression and impulsivity depending on hours on SNS among Korean adolescents. Data for this study was collected from the responses of 1,008 of middle and high school students in Seoul in 2014. The upper 33%(N=364) and the lower 33%(N=319) of students who reported to spend lots of time on SNS were extracted from the total data to constitute two groups for analysis. The sample was analyzed utilizing SEM to compare depression and impulsivity levels of the upper group with those of the lower group while controlling for gender. In conclusion, there was a significant difference in level of depression and impulsivity between the two groups. The upper group that spent more time on SNS displayed higher levels of depression and impulsivity. The result of this study means that the more time the adolescents spend on SNS the more likely the adolescents are to be depressed and impulsive.


The two cases of Abaclat and others v. Argentina Republic and Ambiente Ufficio S.p.A. and others v. Argentine Republic have attracted much attention in the application of international investment arbitrationin sovereign debt restructuring. However, the relationship between the international investment law and the sovereign debt restructuring is complex and controversial, since the widespread investment arbitration may hinder the process of sovereign debt restructuring. It may even eradicate its role in the sovereign debt issues under the international investment law framework.To avoid such problems, international investment arbitration under BITs should be applied to sovereign debt restructuring in a more restrictive manner.


We have recently reported a new persistent optical nonlinearity based on the capture and release of electrons from DX centers in certain doped compound semiconductors at low temperatures. This new effect allows for writing diffraction gratings by making localized changes to the carrier density (and hence the refractive index, via the plasma effect) using a non-uniform optical exposure. We have measured peak-to-peak refractive index changes of 0.01, or 30 times larger than those found in conventional photorefractive materials. Here we report measurements on saturation and multiple grating exposures which show that this new medium does not suffer from the erasure problem found in photorefractives: writing later gratings during a multiple exposure does not erase earlier gratings as it does in the photorefractive materials.


The role of deflation in the Pliocene–Quaternary evolution of Transdanubia (western Pannonian Basin) is one of the long-debated questions of earth sciences in Hungary. The present paper investigates the importance of wind erosion in shaping the topography of the area using data collected from existing literature, field records and digital elevation models. With respect to the morphology of the fan-shaped system of N–S to NNW–SSE striking linear ("meridional") valleys, the basaltic buttes of the Little Hungarian Plain and of the Tapolca and Kal Basins, the deflation hollows together with the relatively abundant ventifacts in the Transdanubian Range. In other words, from the Keszthely to the Vertes Hills and in the foreland of the Mecsek Mountains the morphology indicates the significance of deflation. Analogies from the Sahara suggest that deflation could have played an important role in the formation of the row of depressions now partly filled with shallow lakes in the south-eastern, lee-side foreland of the Transdanubian Range. Furthermore, the "meridional" ridges can be considered to be yardangs, while the valleys between them are wind channels. Naturally, during intervals with a climate similar to that in the Holocene, fluvial erosion, slope processes and, in the case of lakes, wave abrasion were also important factors in forming the present-day topography. The minimum exposure ages of wind-polished rock surfaces and OSL ages of the accumulated aeolian sands were used to date wind erosion. Chronological data indicate that in Transdanubia deflation must have caused considerable denudation in several phases at least during the last 1.5 million years and sand movement recurred as late as the early Holocene.


Objective To study the effects of the HBV X gene on the biological characteristics of the L02 hepatocyte and discuss its roles in the malignant transformation of hepatocyte,which will lay the foundation for us to do further researches to find out the mechanisms of HCC induced by HBx and explore the new strategy of precaution and therapy for HCC。Methods We established the gene-transfected cell strain L02/HBx that stably expressed the HBx protein ,followup,we studied the changes of L02/HBx on the morphology,proliferation and apoptosis by Inversion phase contrast microscope,MTT assays and flowcytometer (FCM)。Results We established L02/HBx cell strain successfully.Subsequently, Inversion Phase Contrast Microscope showed that the morphologic characteristics of L02/HBx had been changed more obviously than that of the L02. The MTT showed that L02/HBx proliferated more quickly than the control groups ,but the apotosis showed the same speed as the proliferation when it exposed to the ADM.FCM showed that ,in contrast with the control groups,the apotosis rates of L02/HBx were at a low level and the propotion of L02/HBx falled in G1 phase but rose in S phase, the diploid cells decreased but the aneuploid cells reversed. After used the ADM,we found that the apoptosis rates of the L02/HBx had been promoted more obviously than that of the L02/HBx without disposing to the the ADM,FCM also showed that the propotion of L02/HBx still falled in G1 phase and rose in S phase compared with control groups,the diploid cells decreased and the aneuploid cells increased obviously.Conclusion HBx can induce the uncontrollable proliferation that will result in malignant transformation。But if HBx is under the conditions that induce apoptosis,it will prevent the damaged DNA from repairing so as to lead the cell to a higher apoptotic rates, which probably involve in the cell abberance and cause malignant transformation.


Let $M$ be a complete noncompact Riemannian manifold of dimension $m$ . For a nonnegative number $d$ , we denote by $\mathcal{H}_{d}(M)$ the space of harmonic functions $h$ of polynomial growth of order $d$ , namely, $|h|\leqq Ar^{f}(+B$ for some positive constants $A$ and $B$ , where $r$ stands for the distance function to a fixed point, say $0$ , of $M$ . In this paper, we say that $M$ has the strong Liouville property if the dimension of $\mathcal{H}_{(f}(M)$ is finite for any $d$ (cf. [19]). It is known that the strong Liouville property holds on $M$ , for example, if $M$ is so called an asymptotically (locally) Euclidean space (cf. [2], [3], [19], [22] and the references therein), or if $m=2$ and the total curvature is finite (cf. [14], [21]). The purpose of this paper is to give some geometric conditions under which $M$ has the strong Liouville property. Our first result is stated in the following


Abstract.
 We describe the roosting and foraging behavior patterns of western small-footed myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum) observed during a vertebrate inventory of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument in north central Oregon. We used radiotelemetry to track 9 adult females, including 3 lactating and 6 postlactating bats, during July-September 2003. We found that these bats showed considerable fidelity to a common foraging area at the confluence of the John Day River and a tributary creek along which bats commuted and roosted. Individual bats did not roost together, but each showed high fidelity to local clusters of rock outcrops in small side canyons along the tributary. Roosts were not found in large, exposed cliff faces, despite the availability of such features. Rather, radio-tagged bats roosted in smaller outcrops that averaged 4.5 m in height. Bats commuted up to 12 km from roosts in the tributary canyon to the common foraging site at the river confluence and remained on the wing to forage for up to 4 h before returning to day roosts. No radio-tagged bats were observed using night roosts, even after pups were weaned. Our study provides a description of roosting, commuting, and foraging activity, as well as habitat use, of western small-footed myotis. This information provides a nuanced perspective on the ecology of canyon-dwelling bats in the region. Such perspective could be useful for conservation and habitat management.


To solve the exact solution of the algebraic eigenvalue problem is a difficulty although the problem seems very simple and the basic principle is familiar to scientists. This paper deals with the eigenvalue problem of the Hamiltonian matrix which is widely studied in many fields. The symplectic square reduced method is established to solve the Hamiltonian matrix eigenvalue in the course of reducing the Hamiltonian matrix. This method works with symplectic similarity transformation in which the structure of the Hamiltonian matrices is preserved. The presented algorithm has preferable validity and stability.


Background Of The Study: Worldwide, 136 million babies are born annually. 10 million require some
stimulation at birth to breathe, while 6 million require basic resuscitation with a bag and mask. Evidence
shows that 1 million neonatal deaths occur yearly on the day of birth. Near about 2 million babies die in the rst week of life and
4 million die in the neonatal period, which accounts for 46% of under-ve mortality. This mortality is estimated to increase to
52% in 2030 unless strategic interventions are implemented. Objective: To assess the effect of a simulation-based teaching
program on knowledge and skill regarding basic neonatal resuscitation procedures among female health workers of selected
areas. Methodology: Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design will be used. The duration of the study will
be one month. 60 female health workers from selected primary health centres and sub-health centres of Nagpur district will be
selected as a sample through the simple random sampling technique. The structured questionnaire and standardized
observational checklist will be used to assess the knowledge and skill respectively. Validity and reliability of the tool will be
determined with appropriate standardized methods. Expected Result: Enhance knowledge and skill after simulation-based
teaching program. Limitation: Female health workers working in primary health centres and sub-health centres of Nagpur
district will be included in this study. Conclusion: The study ndings will reect the need for simulation based education to
enhance the knowledge and skill of female health workers to identify birth asphyxia and its potential complications leading to
neonatal mortality during the rst few hours after birth.


The article identifies Washington's priorities on the way of its policy implementation towards Iran in the context of the Ukrainian crisis. An analysis of the US approaches to Iran regarding the events in Ukraine is given, the reasons for the increased interest in this country from both the US and the EU are identified.
Currently, Tehran, despite extremely tough sanctions from the West - the US and the EU - has significantly strengthened its position on the global arena  both in the context of the growing importance of the regionalization factor, as well as one of the main gas suppliers in the world market.
Under the sanctions regime, Tehran's main concern will primarily relate to the prospects associated with the JCPOA, which will influence the choice of the country's foreign policy priorities in the future. Thus the foreign policy alignment of this country will depend on whether its rapprochement with the US and the EU will become situational or will it be of a long-term and strategic nature.
In its turn, currently Washington is of great concern about the penetration of China into the Middle East, in general, and into Iran, aimed at real connection with the Silk Road Initiative, in particular. And although at present this process is determined by the economic dimension, it is clear that this is far from the limit, which the United States cannot but understand.


The most important task derived from the massive digital data accumulation in the world, is efficient access to this data, hence the importance of indexing. In the last decade, many different types of matching relations were defined, each requiring an efficient indexing scheme. Cole and Hariharan in a ground breaking paper [Cole and Hariharan, SIAM J. Comput., 33(1):26-42, 2003], formulate sufficient conditions for building an efficient indexing for quasi-suffix collections, collections that behave as suffixes. It was shown that known matchings, including parameterized, 2-D array and order preserving matchings, fit their indexing settings. In this paper, we formulate more basic sufficient conditions based on the order relation derived from the matching relation itself, our conditions are more general than the previously known conditions.


The 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO)-mediated stable free radical polymerization of styrene in miniemulsion at 100 °C is demonstrated. Although this temperature is 20–35 °C lower than typical temperatures used for TEMPO-mediated polymerizations, reasonable reaction rates were achieved by the addition of ascorbic acid or a free radical initiator. More importantly, the living character of the chains was preserved; the degree of polymer "livingness" was comparable to polymerizations conducted at 135 °C. Polydispersities were broader than that observed in well-controlled systems, ranging from ∼1.4–1.6, and consistent with expectations for systems having a low activation rate. The results are significant for two reasons. They will facilitate TEMPO-mediated minemulsion polymerizations in nonpressurized (or minimally pressurized) reactors, and they reveal the potential to expand the traditional temperature range of TEMPO and possibly other nitroxides in bulk, solution, and miniemulsion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 232–242, 2006


The aim of this research is to analyze the presence of the concepts of "Exile and Home" in raising the identity crisis in V. S. Naipaul's novel The Mimic Men (1967). It examines Edward Said's theoretic contention of exile's influence in creating identity crisis and in the view of Naipaul's writing as an attempt to resolve the dilemma of the protagonist Ralph Singh's identity. The chapter shows Ralph's responses in endeavoring to form an individual identity while struggling from the burdens of colonial heritage. It is an irony or quiet paradox to apply, as this dissertation does, postcolonial theory to the postcolonial novels, or those novels depicting ex-colonial subject resistance to colonial traditions while living in the very heart of the colonial center, i.e., London; nevertheless, such an application reveals the conflicting sides of the characters' identity, which has grown in part from attempting to fit in: "The mimic is a contradictory figure who simultaneously reinforces colonial authority and disturbs it".


The effects of Fe content on the microstructure (intermetallic compounds, available copper and strengthening precipitates) and mechanical properties of A206 alloy have been investigated. The network of CuAl 2 and needle-like (or platelet-like) Cu 2 FeAl 7 compounds, which coexist in the α-Al inter-dendrites, characterize the typical solidification structures of A206 alloys. The volume fraction and number of Cu 2 FeAl 7 needles, determined by image analysis, are proportional to the Fe content. The available copper and the supersaturated copper atoms in matrix in richer Fe alloys will decrease after the solution treatment. In DSC analysis, the smaller heat effect and the increase in peak temperature for precipitation θ' phase suggest that the amount and kinetics of precipitation are lowered in higher Fe content alloys. The relation between the mechanical properties and microstructure has been examined quantitatively. The tensile strength and hardness are mainly dominated by the volume fraction of θ' phase, and the elongation by the Cu 2 FeAl 7 compound. All of these properties, especially the elongation, decrease when the Fe content increases because of reduced quantity of θ' phase and increased amount of Cu 2 FeAl 7 compounds. The tensile strength decreases linearly with increasing Fe content.


Pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer in diabetic patient is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Increasing evidence from the clinical studies suggested increased risk of bladder cancer with higher dose and longer duration of pioglitazone use. In contrast, few studies reported non-significant association with pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer in T2DM patients. Therefore, we aimed to review and summarize the available clinical data describing the risk of bladder cancer associated with pioglitazone treatment.


A novel leaky mode coupler of multimode interference (MMI) fiber structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for surrounding refractive indices higher than that of silica fiber. The sensor is composed of a section of silica rod (SR) and multimode fiber (MMF) between two identical single-mode fibers (SMFs) to form a single-mode-silica rod-multimode-single-mode (SSRMS) fiber structure. In the proposed design, the SR acts as a mode coupler and a sensing element, while the MMF functions as the narrow spectral width generator. The output power at narrow spectral response of the SSRMS sensor was monitored corresponding to different surrounding high refractive indices (SHRI). The experimental results revealed that the SSRMS sensor exhibited high sensitivity up to −293.40 dB/RIU for SHRI ranging from 1.450 to 1.531. The sensor is highly suitable for SHRI applications, such as for monitoring insulation oil in a power transformer.


Oil has been produced from Mississippian rocks in the Patoka area, Marion County, since 1937, but only in the last three years has it been produced from the Ordovician rocks, namely the Kimmswick ("Trenton") Limestone. Because there appeared to be good possibilities of extending Kimmswick production, a study of the subsurface geology was undertaken. The results of this study indicate that Kimmswick production might be extended northeastward and southwestward from the Fairman pool. The Silurian reef structures at Patoka and Patoka East were found to have been developed on the northeast noses of pre-existing Ordovician anticlines which apparently were a controlling factor in the development of the reefs. The presence of the Ordovician structures are reflected in isopach and structure maps of the Pennsylvanian and Mississippian rocks . Some structural features are noted that may indicate the presence of other reef-like structures in the area. INTRODUCTION This study of the relationships between Silurian reefs and known "Trenton" structure in south-central Illinois was prompted by recent discovery of "Trenton" oil production and was undertaken with the hope that it might disclose other possible accumulations of oil. The Patoka oil area, as defined in this report, consists of 132 square miles in Clinton, Fayette, and Marion counties (fig. 1). Oil is produced from six pools. The area has six pay zones, four of which produce in the Patoka pool from rocks that range in age from Ordovician to upper Mississippian. The area has produced oil since the discovery of the Patoka pool in 1937, but the importance of Kimmswick production is slight as compared to that from Chester and, to a minor degree, Devonian in the Patoka pool . Kimmswick production figures from Patoka and Fairman pools indicate that the ratio of oil recovered per well has been low or in the marginal range to January 1958. From the Patoka pool, nine wells, in production from one to two years, have yielded approximately 122, 000 barrels of oil, and eight other wells, producing less than three months, yielded approximately 51, 000 barrels of oil.


The article contains the results of research of legimate stakeholders' perception of universities entrants, students, business community; society's and state's ideas about a perfect university were summarized. The importance of creating a positive image of a uni-versity for implementing lifelong education concept in Russia is considered.


Aim:  The aim of our study was (i) to determine whether chorioamnionitis (CAM) is associated with an elevated soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I (sTNFR‐I) level and (ii) to examine the time course of the concentration of sTNFR‐I in preterm infants after birth.


Objective To research the spatiotemporal patterning of cadherin expression during development of rat cardiomyocytes and age related changes of cadherin expression. Methods Used immunohistochemical method,myocardial cadherins distribution was investigated in intant (20~25 d),young (3~5 months) adult (6~10 months) and aged (13~15 months) rat heart. Results The expression of cadherin was located in myocardium of afrial and ventricule and septum interventriculare and papillary muscles. The cadherin immunolabeling distributed in the transverse teminals of the infant rat cardiomyocytes. From young to aged rat heart,the classic cadherin was located in transversely orientated intercalated disk. Conclusions The present paper demonstrated that the cadherin expression existsprogressive ge related changes. Adherens junction is one of the prerequisites for the formation ofintercalated disk in rat myocardium. The mechanical coupling provided by adherens junctions isessential for the stable cell cell contact,thereby synchronizing contractions of the heart.


In this brief presentation, we would like to present our attempts of detecting chirality and mutations from Chern-Simons gauge theory. The results show that the generalised knot invariants, obtained from Chern-Simons gauge theory, are more powerful than Jones, HOMFLYPT and Kauffman polynomials. However the classification problem of knots and links is still an open challenging problem.


Immune Regulation
The classical view of immune activation is that innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, recognize invading microbes and then alert adaptive immune cells, such as T cells, to respond. Arbore et al. now show that innate and adaptive immunity converge in human and mouse T cells. Activated T cells express components of the complement cascade, which in turn leads to the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasomes—both critical components of innate immunity that help hosts detect and eliminate microbes. In T cells, complement and inflammasomes work together to push T cells to differentiate into a specialized subset of T cells important for eliminating intracellular bacteria.

Science , this issue p. [1424][1]

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/352/6292/1424.full


The article informs about how aircrew have been dramatically impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic and those who have retained international flight roles have experienced major changes and restrictions to their work conditions and social freedoms during and between flights


The article provides information on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis. The criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome are presented. The General mechanisms of inflam - mation development in psoriasis and diseases forming the metabolic syndrome are described. Systemic subclinical inflammatory process developing in psoriasis and metabolic syndrome is considered as the main pathogenetic mechanism of their mutual negative influence. The difficulties of treatment of patients with psoriasis with metabolic syndrome are largely associated with the choice of a safe and effective method of treatment. The description of the drug apremilast (OTEZLA®) is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4, which may be the best drug in the therapy of patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome.


Three 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes bearing a 1,8-bis(ethyleneoxy)anthraquinone bridge between alternate phenolic oxygen atoms, on one-electron reduction, show enhanced binding of alkali-metal cations with selectivities dependent upon the groups attached at the other phenolic oxygens; for one of the compounds, binding of potassium but not sodium is accompanied by a conformational change of the calixarene from cone to partial cone.


In order to educate students' thought and ability of bringing forth new ideas,some new research achievements developed by the teachers of our school were transformed into the chemistry experiment teaching contents through discussing the significance of comprehensive and innovative experiments.The pre-appointed system of the open experiment was set up for implementing open teaching of the comprehensive and innovative experiments.


A method for efficient irregular LDPC code encoder. The present invention discloses a memory system wherein the portion A of the first memory location to store the parity check matrix H, C, E and the circulation of the content B. A second memory location storing section A, C, E and B cycle of the column counter. It is equal to the third memory location storage (ET-1B + D) -1 dense matrix, where T is a unit matrix, and T and D are also part of the parity check matrix H. In response to the received information data to generate first and second parity information. Generating parity information comprises a first portion and a second parity check matrix H A of access, C, E and B and the circulation content access portions A, C, E and B cycle of the column counter.


In order to obtain the quantitative relationship between droplet field and captured dust field in fully mechanized and roof caving workface,on the condition of utilizing the experimental device which simulated the actual wind velocity of fully mechanized caving face,experimental platform which was made up of water supply system,air supply system,particle measuring system,pressure test system,dust measuring system and dust releasing system were designed and manufactured to couple the relationship between dust field and droplet field.By dynamic three-dimensional laser Doppler particle analyzer,coupling experiment of dust-droplet field was carried out on 6 types of pressure nozzle,including direct-injection nozzle,single-type centrifugal nozzle,mixed-type centrifugal nozzle,which are commonly used in coal mine.Through measuring the droplet size before and after dust released when fan on,the quantitative function expressions between the average particle diameters of droplet without dust and the diameters of captured dust were fitted in three intervals[40,65],[65,100],[100,160]μm by using the method of numerical analysis of Matlab.Furthermore,the optimum droplet size to capture respirable dust was also fixed on [15,75]μm,therefore,the theory of dust prevention by water-cloud was improved and completed.


Acknowledgment There are many people who are ultimately responsible for the completion of this project, though only a few are listed here. I thank Dr. John Gibbons, my committee chair. His help and input with the design of the project, execution of measurements, and preparation of the thesis, as well as multiple presentations has taught me much. I thank the members of my supervisory committee, feedback throughout the project. Connel Chu's technical knowledge of the Pinnacle treatment planning system was invaluable. I thank Gordon Mancuso and Dr. Jonas Fontenot for their previous work of performing TG-119 measurements at our institution, a large part of this project was made possible by using their data. I thank Oncology Data Systems, INC for partial funding of the project and the dosimetry staff at Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center for their help with the planning portion of this project. I thank my friends for the necessary escapes from the project when needed, especially Nicole for her love and support, and John-Paul for the multiple distractions throughout the program. The support my family has given me cannot be overstated. I would not be at this point if not for the multiple opportunities they have afforded me throughout my life.


W WISH to take up the basic problem of Teilhard de Chardin's attitude toward the primeval origin of matter. Attitude rather than doctrine is the proper word. He guardedly indicates his faith in the dogma of free creation, as a thing outside the focus of his own research competence. His mature writings drop no single passing word to describe the fact and characteristics of creation—neither in terms of Genesis nor in any other terms whatsoever. He tries to remain faithful to his declared intention of describing only those phenomena which science observes.


Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is a nonparametric tecnique for signal extraction in time series based on principal components. However, it requires the intervention of the analyst to identify the frequencies associated to the extracted principal components. We propose a new variant of SSA, Circulant SSA (CSSA) that automatically makes this association. We also prove the validity of CSSA for the nonstationary case. Through several sets of simulations, we show the good properties of our approach: it is reliable, fast, automatic and produces strongly separable elementary components by frequency. Finally, we apply Circulant SSA to the Industrial Production Index of six countries. We use it to deseasonalize the series and to illustrate that it also reproduces a cycle in accordance to the dated recessions from the OECD.


UTILIZATION OF AEROPHOTOGRAMMETRIC AND TERRESTRIAL SURVEYS FOR MAPPING AND, PREPARATION FO THE PRINTING THE GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE POLISH TATRA MONTAINS, SCALE 1:10 000 Preparing for printing the Geological Institute's "Geological Map of the Polish Tatra Mountains", scale 1:10 000; ,the author and his associates employed on a large scale topographical photogrammetry; and photointerpretation ("Photogeology") of aerophotogrammetric terrestrial surveys. In their work, they used graphical radial phototriangulation method, rosettes of directions to accepted measurement points with calculation of the radial deviation of direction points, and the simplified photopolygonal method of topographical and geological data·between concentrated points, by the use of the methods previously mentioned. Very useful proved to be geological-topographical surveys connected with points concentrated mainly by radial phototriangulation, using a universal telemeter "Teletop" made by C. Zeiss in Jena.


The capability of long-range homing forms a key problem in torpedo engineering.In this paper,the detection range and bearing accuracy of active signals by using torpedo flank array sonar under atrocious propagation conditions in shallow water have been investigated for the long-range homing performance of torpedo.The numerical results show that the surface ship can be easily detected by torpedo flank array sonar at long-range distance by interception of the transmitted active pulse signals,and the bearing accuracy can also meet the need for torpedo self-guidance.


Abstract The dificulties encountered for the C-1 methylenation of Hajos-Parrish (1) and Hajos-Wiechert (2) ketones, were overcome by the use of Conia reaction on their C-5 dithiane derivatives.


This paper deals with how to implement a system that extends insider threat behavior data using private blockchain technology to overcome the limitations of insider threat datasets. Currently, insider threat data is completely undetectable in existing datasets for new methods of insider threat due to the lack of insider threat scenarios and abstracted event behavior. Also, depending on the size of the company, it was difficult to secure a sample of data with the limit of a small number of leaks among many general users in other organizations. In this study, we consider insiders who pose a threat to all businesses as public enemies. In addition, we proposed a system that can use a private blockchain to expand insider threat behavior data between network participants in real-time to ensure reliability and transparency.


Aim: A minor degree of maxillary incisor root resorption in association with an impacted canine is a well-recognized phenomenon. Severe incisor root resorption (SIRR) is rare and it threatens the viability of the tooth. The aim in this study was to investigate differences in the prevalence of SIRR in relation to gender and location of untreated impacted maxillary canines. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of panoramic and periapical radiographs taken of the maxillary incisors of 76 untreated patients (11-35 years old) with severely resorbed roots, associated with canine impaction. The amount of SIRR was measured directly on the radiographs. The following variables were recorded: gender, age, position of the impacted canines in relation to the adjacent teeth (palatally, buccally or in line with the dental alveolus). Results: There was a markedly elevated prevalence (almost 84%) of females, in comparison to the males (16%) by a ratio of 5:1. Both palatally and buccally impacted canines cause SIRR. Canines that were severely displaced towards midline, mesially angulated over 31°, completely overlapping the adjacent lateral incisor root width and vertically positioned in the middle third of adjacent incisor root were at much higher risk of developing SIRR. CONCLUSIONS: SIRR is more frequently found in females, with severely displaced, both palatally and buccally impacted canines, which are mesially angulated and positioned in the middle third of adjacent incisor root.


At present,our country is facing gradually serious honest crisis. Rebuilding honesty depends on constructing system. The key is to found a credible system,which points that the risky cost of moral speculation is higher than its profit,and the credible law system which bases on it.


Inspired by the concept of bricolage brought by Seymour Papert to education, this work articulated a theoretical and methodological set composed by Constructionism, Inquiry-based Science Teaching and Augmented Reality, aiming to achieve Scientific Literacy indicators. This articulation was concretized in a biology didactic planning, experienced in the second year of high school in a public school. The search for scientific literacy indicators was carried out by means of Textual Discourse Analysis. The results show that the theoretical-methodological set led the students to construct several indicators proposed in the literature of the area. We conclude that constructionist approaches via inquiry teaching are a viable path to scientific literacy and suggest that bricolage should be a strategy encouraged in basic education teacher training or improvement courses.


It now seems clear that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is better at detecting acute stroke than conventional computed tomo‐ graphy (CT), says an editorial (pp 252‐4). It should be the diagnostic test of choice. The author was commenting on a prag‐ matic study from the United States which found that in an unselected population of patients, MRI picked up significantly more acute ischaemic strokes than computed tomography (sensitivity 83% (95% CI 77% to 88%) v 16% (12% to 23%)) and was as good as computed tomography at detecting acute intracerebral haemorrhage (81% (61% to 93%) v 89% (70% to 97%)). The difference was especially marked in the first few hours after onset of stroke, when critical deci‐ sions about management must be made. In this study, 90 patients presented within three hours of an acute ischaemic stroke. MRI detected 41 of the strokes, computed tomography only six. The study included 356 patients with suspected stroke, who were assessed with both types of imaging. Independent experts interpreted the images without access to any clinical information, and their reports were compared with the final diagnosis reached by the admitting team. These findings are broadly in line with other comparisons of the two imaging tech‐ niques and confirm the superiority of MRI for patients who can tolerate it—about 1 in 10 patients in this study could not. Lancet 2007;369:293-8


The use of natural extracts from plants mobilized onto solid media as acid-base and pH indicators is being attention of researchers. The mobilization of the ethanol extract of Syzigium oleana shoot leaves has been done and produces paper indicator that can be changed its colorin different pH. This study was designed to determine the effect of temperature on the adsorption of the ethanol extract of S. oleana shoot leavesonto filter paper. The ethanol extract of S. oleana shoot leaves was obtained by using maceration technique for 24 hours with material liquor ratio (MLR) of 1: 7. The adsorption ofethanol extract of S. oleana shoot leaves onto filter paper was carried out at different temperature, i.e. 27°C, 52°C and 81°C with MLR of 1: 100, filter paper weight of 0.2949 ± 0.0035 gram and solution volumeof 30 mL for 2 hours. The results showed that temperature effect on the adsorption of ethanol extract of S. oleana shoot leaves onto filter paper. The % adsorption of S. oleana shoot leaves onto filter paper increased with an increase in the temperature.


In this paper, the authors propose a butterfly-like multilayer microbridge, with heavily boron doped Si layer acting as the skeleton. Both microbridge sidewings are curved by intrinsic stress. The elasticity and deformation of the microbridge and its folded beam suspensions are theoretically analysed. When actuated by DC voltage, the sidewings snap down onto the coplanar waveguide (CPW) on the substrate first. With the further increase of the DC voltage, the central beam of the microbridge snaps onto the CPW signal plane, while the sidewings keep their shape. As a result, two metal-air-metal capacitors of nearly fixed value, between the microbridge and CPW ground planes, are formed. The ups and downs of 12 microbridges distributed along the CPW realize a binary variation of its insertion phase ( i.e. phase shift). The bulk Si fabrication process is shown. Optical test results confirm the anticipation of the deformation and action of the microbridges. The RF measurement shows a phase shift of 186° @ 20GHz can be achieved for a 6.3mm long phase shifter with a return loss under -8dB.


State responsibility — Kinds of — Interference with property — Absorption of land into farmers' co-operatives — Whether a "taking" of property.


Hemodialysis (HD) increases the lifespan of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, HD is only partially effective in replacing renal function. The aim of this study is to compare HD adequacy between sessions with intradialytic exercise with or without blood flow restriction (BFR) with sessions without exercise.