The poor Spirit is the key reason of the poverty according to the real situation of the poor counties in the old liberated Xianggan areas.The poor spirit refers to (1)the rigid way of thinking and the lack of creative power;(2)meager intelligence and no potentiality for development;(3)blind production and low economic efficiency.Thus, in order to get rid of poverty, the people in the old liberated areas must civilize their subjective consciousness. To assit the poor should begin with helping them to cultivate their aspirations, pay great attention to their spirit and educate them. Finally, it is imperative for getting rid of poverty to optimize cultural environment, carry out "two-base" education policy, spread the professional skill train, reorganize and train leader staff, establish various professional associate for peasants and stabilize the rural managing responsibility system in land.


The hydrido–amido complex OsH(NHCMe2CMe2NH2)(PPh3)2 (1) catalyzes the base-free hydrogenation of ketones in benzene. Kinetic studies using acetophenone revealed that the system has an induction period, after which the rate of the reaction increases. A constant rate was observed when a critical amount of the product alcohol was added, indicating that the reaction is autocatalytic in 1-phenylethanol. Varying the initial conditions showed that the reaction rate is dependent on hydrogen and catalyst concentration and independent of ketone concentration. Above the critical concentrations of 1-phenylethanol, the reaction rate is independent of alcohol concentration. The rate law for pressures up to 5 atm was found to be rate = d[alcohol]/dt = −d[ketone]/dt = k[Os][H2], with k = 30 mol L−1 s−1 at 293 K and the temperature dependence provided energy of activation parameters. Therefore, the heterolytic splitting of dihydrogen is rate determining under these conditions. Only small kinetic isotope effects were measu...


Objective of the study: To assess the outcome of Percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly in terms of success and complications. Methods: Retrospective data review of 887 consecutive cases of percutaneous interventions done at Karachi institute of heart diseases from 2015-2020. We divided the patients in three age groups younger (<65 years, n=592); older (65 to 75 years, n=201); and elderly (>=75 years, n=94). Immediate and six months outcomes of in hospital vascular complications, death, myocardial infarction, repeat target lesion revascularization and stroke were compared between these groups. Result: The vascular complications was in three groups (relative risk 3.2% vs 2.9% vs 4.3% with p=0.56) respectively. The relative risk of periprocedural Myocardial infarction in elderly/older patients was not higher than young patients with (OR of 0.6 with 95% CI 0.3 vs 1.4 with P=0.35), so was the need of repeat target revascularization with (OR of 0.3 95% CI 0.2 vs -1.6 with P=0.85), the risk of stroke following procedure was minimal (OR of 0.7 95% CI 0.4 vs 1.6 P=0.4). The in-hospital mortality was higher in elderly with (OR with 95% CI 1.0 vs 2.0 vs 3.4 P=0.03) in three groups. The six months outcomes of myocardial infarction in elderly were also not higher than younger pts (OR 0.7 vs 0.4 P=0.58). so was the need for repeat target revascularization (OR 0.5 vs 0.3 P=0.6). The six-month mortality in three groups was high in elderly (OR with 95% CI 1.5% vs 3.4% vs 4% with P value of 0.04). Conclusion: The procedure success in elderly patients was similar to younger patients, but in hospital and six months mortality was higher in elderlies.


The utility model discloses an automatic attendance system based on a wireless fidelity (WIFI) terminal, which is characterized by comprising a WIFI terminal device for identifying attended people, a WIFI access device for recording WIFI terminal device information and a management control server for recording and managing WIFI access device data. The WIFI terminal device and the WIFI access device are connected through a WIFI module, and the WIFI access device and the management and control server are connected through a twisted pair. The automatic attendance system obtains automatic attendance checking without manual intervention, is effective in data management and favorable for statistic analysis, effectively performs teaching management, and improves teaching quality.


Item 1: John Williams, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Rufus King Fitzhugh Esq. Springhill, Stanardsville, Greene Co., Virginia, 25 March 1851
2 pages. Autograph Letter Signed. A "last effort" will be made to earn some profit from the copper mine at Stony Man which has been "condemned...as worthless;" seeks Fitzhughs advice on where Mrs. Williams can board while he is at the mine; and the availability of "Blasting powder" in the area.

Including Typewritten Copy. 1 page.

Item 2: Mary F. Fitzhugh,Belmont, Hampton, Virginia to Mrs. Rufus Fitzhugh, Stanardsville, Greene County, Virginia, 6 May 1851
2 pages. Autograph Letter Signed. News of family and friends; tells of excitement about making a "missionary quilt for Mr. Payne our African Missionary" with neighborhood women and girls; gladly accepts invitation to visit "next summer" if Ma's health and spirits are good; invites Hettie to visit.

Including Typewritten Copy. 1 page.

Item 3: James Baytop,Springfield, Gloucester County, Virginia to "My Dr Children," Stanardsville, Greene County, Virginia, 30 July 1851
1 page. Autograph Letter Signed. Family will travel to Gordesville; physical ailments bothering him and his wife.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. 1 page.

Including Autograph Letter Signed from Lucy Taliaferro Baytop,no place., to Hetty Henrietta Baytop, no place, concerning health of family; travel plans; hot, dry weather, and its effects on their crops. 1 page.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed.

Including Autograph Letter Signed from "Bunn" Baytop, no place, to "Hetty" Baytop, no place, no date, concerning "Kit's" travels to King and Queen, County, Virginia and his efforts to find a wife; went to an Indian concert and saw five Indians who were descendants of the Black Hawk and Oscola tribes; Indians showed them "the manners and customs of the Oregon Indians;" saw the Rocky Mountains, the Columbia River; and a prairie which was on fire; went crabbing; Cousin Sarah T. of Hampton, Virginia has two beaux and dances every night in Old Point, Hampton, Virginia. 1 page.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. 1 page.

Item 4: Rowena Baytop, Springfield, Gloucester County, Virginia to "Hetty" Fitzhugh, no place 9 December 1851., 9 December 1851
1 page.Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. Describes parties, with dinner and dancing, of the Christmas season; festivities are over and "we are all at work again;" hopes for an invitation to Miss Ann Martin's wedding; Mr. Sinclair is selling Wilson Creek to pay off his debts; is encouraging "father" to go to Texas.

Including Autograph Letter Signed from Lucy Baytop, Springfield, Gloucester, Virginia to "My dear Child," Henrietta Fitzhugh, no place, no date, detailing the food and decorations of the Christmas parties; everyone is sick as a result of the hectic schedule of parties and bad weather; slaughtered 16 hogs and 1 cow; longs for past Christmases when the children were young; related family news; asks if "Mr. Fitzhugh" moves to Texas, "beg him to try to get Mr. Baytop in the notion too." 1 page.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. 1 page.

Item 5: George Fitzhugh, no place, to Rufus Fitzhugh, no place, 20 December 1851
1 page. Autograph Letter Signed.

$80-owed for "interest paid Catlett" is needed; farm is beginning to reap profits; land is expensive and "Belmont" would bring $4500.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autographed Letter Signed. 1 page.

Item 6: Mary Indiana Winborn Baytop, "Springfield," Gloucester County, Virginia to Hetty Fitzhugh, no place, 28 December 1851
2 pages. Autograph Letter Signed. Christmas has passed and work must resume; "great deal of sickness in the county, colds and pleurisys are very prevalent."

Including Autograph Letter Signedfrom Lucy Taliaferro Baytop,no place to Hetty Fitzhugh, 30 December 1851. Concerning division of Concord Negroes which will bring $250. 2 pages. Autograph Letter Signed.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letters Signed. 2 pages.

Item 7: Sallie Champe Fitzhugh, Port Royal, Virginia to "my dearest uncle," no place, 30 January 1852
3 pages. Autograph Letter Signed. Hopes to encourage uncle to visit; Papa is expecting him and Aunt Ona to visit in the spring; gossip about weddings.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. 1 page.

Item 8: Lucy A. Baytop, no place, to Hetty Fitzhugh, Gloucester, Virginia, 7 February 1852
3 pages. Autograph Letter Signed. News of family and friends; the young minister from Bellmeys, preached before a great crowd; Judy had a baby which died a month after birth of unknown causes, is depressed; Mr. Baytop is busy farming and studying to prepare for the ministry.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. 1 page.

Item 9: Lucy Taliaferro Baytop,Springfield, Gloucester County, Virginia to "my dear child," Hetty Fitzhugh, Standardsville, Greene County, Virginia,, 20 April 1852
3 pages. Autograph Letter Signed. Circuit court is in session and "is summoned as a witness"; father and Mr. Sinclair are going to Washington to see about getting Mr. Sinclair's claim allowed; describes fuss electing persons for different offices as clerk commissioner of the revenue, constable sheriff & c.; "the guinea people have brought out Jefferson Stubbs for clerk and it is thought he will stand a very good chance to be elected.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. 2 pages.

Item 10: Woodside, to Mrs. Hetty Fitzhugh, Standardsville,Greene County, Virginia, 24 April 1852
2 pages. Autograph Letter. Father and Mr. Sinclair were in Washington; "Father has given up all hope of his military claim."

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter. 1 page.

Item 11: Lucy Taliaferro Baytop,Springfield, Gloucester County, Virginia to Hetty Fitzhugh, no place, 5 October 1852
3 pages. Autograph Letter Signed. Reports sicknesses of Rowena, Eugenia, and Lucy Ann; Lucy Ann left to visit Tom Taliaferro and then to travel to Wilson's Creek; reports news about births, visits, farm business of friends; comments on the treatment of "Bob," a slave, who "has a better master this year."

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. 1 page.

Including Autograph Letter Signed from Rowena Baytop, n.p., n.d. to Hetty Fitzhugh, n.p. telling of her sickness and wight loss; "Cousin Lucy and Bun" were travelling to Baltimore and "Eugey is very anxious to go with them"; invites them to visit this winter. 1 page.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. 1 page.

Item 12: Eugy, Eugenia Baytop, Springfield, Gloucester County, Virginia to Hettie Fitzhugh, Stanardsville, Greene County, Virginia, 4 November 1852
3 pages.Autograph Letter Signed. Hettie's trip to visit should not be postponed until February; had travelled to Baltimore, but cannot describe it adequately "from the pen of so ignorant a creature as myself"; there are many gentlemen available for marriage; Pa has gone to sell a dozen turkeys to Mr. Folk; Lucy's baby is "one of the sweetest babies you ever saw."

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. 1 page.

Item 13: Lucy Ann Baytop, Springfield, Gloucester County, Virginia to Hetty Fitzhugh, Stanardsville, Greene County,Virginia, 10 December 1852
3 pages. Autograph Letter Signed. Pressures of work and business have kept her from writing; reports marriages of "Cousin Tom Field and his bride Miss Davis"; Mr. Shackelfor and Miss Hester Rowe; "Sister" has had another baby boy, as did Aunt Fanny, Martha Waller, and Clara; Clara has a "riseing breast," and "the horses could not go out of a walk for fear of the jar to her breast...Dr. Jones stays with her to attend her"; her brother is in the Sonora mine in California and doing well mining for gold; looks forward to her visit this winter.

Including Typewritten Copy of Autograph Letter Signed. 1 page.


The possibility of adding several watermarks to the same image would enable many interesting applications such as multimedia document tracing, data usage monitoring, multiple property management. In this paper, we present a novel watermarking scheme which allows to insert and reliably detect multiple watermarks sequentially embedded into a digital image, while maintaining a good perceptual quality. The proposed method, based on elementary linear algebra, is asymmetric, secure under projection attack and robust against noise addition and JPEG compression.


Abstract : Students as graduates from universities certainly have more knowledge and skills than the lower levels. However, this does not require that students be ready for the world of work. Students still feel anxious and lack confidence in the world of work, even though they are in the final semester and will graduate from college. If this condition is continued, students will have difficulty competing in the world of work later. Therefore, students may need tough conditions themselves that help to overcome obstacles in themselves as well as obstacles in the world of work, this tough condition is called hardiness. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of hardiness and the level of work readiness as well as to determine the relationship between hardiness and job readiness in Islamic Psychology students of IAIN Kediri class 2018. The subjects of this study amounted to 97 students of Islamic Psychology IAIN Kediri class 2018. As for the sampling technique, Researchers used a non-probability technique, namely accidental sampling. Furthermore, for data processing using the SPSS 20 for windows application using descriptive statistical analysis methods of frequency and non-parametric statistics with Spearman Rho hypothesis testing. Based on this research, it was found that the average student's hardiness level was in the medium category, amounting to 45.4%. The level of student work readiness is in the medium category average of 47.4%. Based on the results of the analysis of Spearman Rho, a score of 0.802 was obtained with a significance value (2 tailed) of 0.000. This statement can be interpreted as Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Then the correlation value is positive and has very strong criteria, which means that the relationship between hardiness and work readiness is 0.802 and has very strong criteria.
Kay word: Hardiness, Working readiness, students.


Mining industry played a significant role in enhancing economic growth and poverty reduction in resource-rich countries. A number of natural resources based developing countries like Ghana and Nigeria's national economy heavily reliant on the mining industry. The Mining industry is the key source of employment and revenue in these countries but mining industry highly dominated and operated by the foreign multinational mining companies. Although the success of the mining industry, current statistics showed that mining has aggravated poverty in the developing countries like Ghana. In this respect, this article illustrates the impact of mining on Ghana's economy as well explains how global mining created poverty especially in the local community in Ghana. These circumstances started through the structural adjustment policies of the World Bank (WB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), which has created an entirely new set of economic, social and environmental problems for Ghana's local community. Eventually, mineral-led development has not lived up to its rhetorical promise – poverty alleviation in the developing countries.


Received: June 25, 2018; Accepted: July 20, 2018; Published: July 24, 2018 Significant development has been made in the field of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from bare metal stents (BMS) to drugeluting stents (DES). The implantation of BMS was utilized as a minimally persistent treatment for disruptive CAD patients. After the implantation of BMS, few challenges occurred during 6-12 months follow-up, among which stent restenosis or re-narrowing of the treated artery was common in one-third of the patients [1]. It can be resolved using first generation DES with antiproliferative drug. Henceforth, development in stent platform, polymer coating, and drug have revolutionized the approach to treat CAD [2]. Limitation of the first-generation DES is the growing concern for very late stent thrombosis. As a result, second-generation DES with biodegradable polymer coated stent platform was developed from stainless steel to cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) or platinum-chromium (Pt-Cr) [3]. Thus, the secondgeneration DES which release everolimus or zotarolimus were associated with lower ST rate. At present, everolimus-eluting stents (EES) are the most frequently used DES.


A folding type comb with curling irons having an incorporated heater is provided to allow easy and convenient care of hair regardless of places, to facilitate changing of hair-style by using the curling irons, and to allow easy storing and carrying of the comb because of folding type. The folding type comb with curling irons having an incorporated heater comprises: a handle part; an upper case; a lower case; a hinge axis(7) combined to one end of upper case and lower case; a battery carried in the upper case; a controlling circuit board established in the lower case; a comb(11); and tongs part(21) comprising tongs pieces(22) and pressing member(23). The comb(11) and tongs part(21) are linked to the hinge axis between upper and loser cases in a state of being pivotally movable.


5.12 Wenchuan earthquake triggered a large number of collapses, landslides and other secondary disasters caused serious loss of life and property. At the same time, the earthquake generated a lot of loose debris and serious injured and damaged the mountain so as to form potentially dangerous rock which serious threat to people's safety in the future. On the basis of detailed investigation of the mountain collapse in back of Panda Garden rearing sheds, the collapse failure mechanism and the instability modes of potential dangerous rock are revealed by the analysis of topography, lithology and rock structure. Discrete element software is used to simulate the failure process of collapse in the earthquake. The results showed that the passive protection facilities within a certain range in the slope toe have obvious block and restriction for falling stone. This provides the basis for supporting design, and the evidence for the collapse formation mechanism study under strong earthquake.


We study the equation (? )_ x(t )= ih(x(ti 1)) +f(x(t)) for t' 0 ;x j(i1;0) = x0; where h is an odd function deflned by h(y) is equal to a if 0 b> 0 and c> 0 and f is an oddC 1 function such that supjf(x)j <b . We flrst consider the equation _ x(t )= ih(x(ti 1)), corresponding to f · 0. We flnd the admissible shapes of rapidly- oscillating symmetric periodic solutions and we show that these periodic solutions are all unstable. We then extend these results to our general equation (?).


In this paper, ZnO nanoparticles doped with varying amount of Co content (i.e., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 at.%) have been prepared by wet chemical route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal the successful substitution of Co2+ ions on to sites of Zn2+ ions without forming any secondary phase. Furthermore, a linear increase in d-spacing of the ZnO lattice is found with the increase in Co content. SEM images demonstrate the formation of homogeneously distributed spherical nanoparticles with average size of 50–70 nm. It is observed from optical investigations that band gap energy of ZnO nanoparticles significantly decreased with the increase in Co doping level. Interestingly, it is found that the high Co dopant concentration can lead to room temperature ferromagnetism in ZnO nanoparticles.


Priapism, according to the American Urological Association is defined as a persistent penile erection that continues hours beyond sexual stimulation; typically, greater than 4 hours. Although priapism is a rare condition and has an unpredictable course in most presentation, it affects 5.36 per 100,000 male subjects per year [1]. Priapism is a urological emergency and delay in treatment or refractory cases can result in cavernous smooth muscle necrosis, fibrosis and penile shortening [2]. There are 2 categories of priapism-namely low-flow (ischemia, veno-occlusive) and high-flow (non-ischemic, arterial) [3,4]. There is a subset of ischemic priapism known as stuttering priapism which presents with recurrent incidences of ischemic priapism varying in length and is usually self-limiting [4]. Low-flow priapism occurs when an occlusive process inhibits the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum, thus the outflow of blood is impaired. The conditions associated with low-flow/ischemic priapism are as follows: sickle cell disease, vasoactive drugs, neoplastic diseases of the penis, urethra, prostate, bladder, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, leukemia, polycythemia, traumatic injury, hyperlipidemic parenteral nutrition, hemodialysis, heparin treatment, Fabry disease and neurologic conditions [3]. On the other hand, high-flow priapism occurs when there is increased arterial blood flow or pooling of blood. Conditions associated with high-flow priapism include traumatic arterio-cavernous fistula, vasoactive drugs, penile revascularization surgery, and neurologic conditions [3]. The mechanism of penile erection is a multifocal phenomenon that involves the nervous system, molecules (nitric oxide, cGMP, calcium), enzymes, and blood vessels. We present an interesting case of a patient with a history of recurrent priapism who converted from a low-flow priapism to a high-flow priapism, thought to be secondary to an arterio-cavernous fistula. Upon further review of PubMed and NIH database, there has been only few of such cases reported. We discuss the diagnostic process and management of high-flow priapism in this report.


As Oppliger stated, secure messaging refers to the ability to provide data confidentiality, data integrity, data origin authentication, and non-repudiation of origin services for email. It is very important but poorly developed and has very limited application. We propose an email protocol assures non-repudiability which means that if the email is successfully sent, the sender cannot deny she/he has actually sent the mail and the recipient cannot deny she/he has actually received it. The protocol uses an efficient RSA-based convertible signature.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iv Vita ...................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Strategy and Method ......................................................................................... 5 Chapter 3: Empty Waveguide Analysis ............................................................................ 10 Chapter 4: Bowtie Dipole Source ..................................................................................... 19 Chapter 5: Waveguide with Phantom Present .................................................................. 24 Chapter 6: Comparison and Results .................................................................................. 30 Chapter 7: Conclusion and Further Work ......................................................................... 35 References ......................................................................................................................... 37 Appendix A: Proof of Orthogonality ................................................................................ 38 vii Appendix B: Details of Eigenmodes in Empty Waveguide ............................................. 44 Appendix C: Details of Electrical-Field in different cross section ................................... 52 Appendix D: MATLAB Codes ......................................................................................... 57


8556 Background: The level of circulating EBV DNA concentration is a prognostic marker in patients with some EBV-associated malignant diseases. To evaluate the prognostic impact of serum EBV DNA and serum anti-EBV antibodies in T-NHL, this prospective study was conducted by our cancer center. Methods: From Jan 2002 to Dec 2006, paired plasma and serum samples from 125 previously untreated T-NHL patients were collected and subjected to a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for EBV DNA measurement and an immunoenzyme assay for anti-EBV antibodies(VCA-IgA, EA-IgA). The patients were including 49 extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), 34 peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified, 21 anaplalstic large cell lymphoma, 15 lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, 5 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, 1 subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. The effects of both assays on the prognosis of patient were thoroughly investigated. Results: The positive rate of circulating EBV DNA is 39.2%,...


ZnO films were prepared on Si(100) wafers by rf sputtering and subsequently implanted with V ions to fluences of (1,2.5,5,10)×1015 cm−2. The room-temperature ultraviolet photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the implanted films is shown to increase with increasing fluence up to 2.5×1015 cm−2, becoming ∼37 times more intense than the emission from the unimplanted ZnO film, before decreasing at higher fluences. The increase in PL intensity is correlated with improved crystallinity of ZnO, accompanied by a reduction in the concentration of deep-level native defects by V incorporation into the ZnO lattice, as verified by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and low-temperature PL. The subsequent reduction in PL intensity at fluences higher than 2.5×1015 cm−2 is shown to result from the deterioration of the crystal quality and the precipitation of V secondary phase possibly introducing defects in the films.


The role of holocene land-use change (6K to 0.2K before present) on regional climate via biogeophysical feedbacks in NW Europe


Testing and modeling of batteries are essential to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in power system applications. The procedure of extraction and experimental verification of any battery model require a reliable and efficient testing system. In this paper, a programmable grid-interfaced battery test system for battery modeling in a frequency-controlled battery-buffered smart load application is proposed. The testbed is based on the same smart load experimental system which consists of a single phase bidirectional AC-DC converter, a DC-link, and a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The AC-DC converter is designed to control a bidirectional power flow between the AC-line and the DC-link. Therefore, the energy can be controlled effectively flowing between the battery and the power line during charge and discharge without significant power losses. This design realizes an energy-conserving electronic load by supplying the battery energy to the grid instead of dissipating it during discharge. To verify the functionality of the developed test system, 3Ah, 1.2V NiMH batteries were tested for a Thevenin-based model identification. Then, a simulation of the identified model was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the model under the smart load charging and discharging conditions.


The need for a regional strategy to address the environmental problems resulting from port development in Tampa Bay was recognized as important for the improvement and protection of the Bay's resources. Data on the biological communities, computerized trends in biological and physical characteristics, and consequences of past mitigation projects are being used to develop mitigation options for important habitats in Tampa Bay.


Fast fracture and stress rupture data were collected on two materials, a sintered silicon nitride and a lithium-aluminum-silicate. The fast fracture data was presented graphically in the form of Weibull plots of percent failed versus failure stress. The stress rupture results were presented in tabular form. Photo-micrographs were presented to illustrate the fracture surfaces of fast fracture and stress rupture failures. A program of specimen development was conducted. The objective of the program was to develop processing techniques to make it possible to fabricate integral shaft spin disks suitable for hot spin testing as stress rupture specimens. The hot spin disk stress rupture results were to be used to correlate experimental time dependent failure results with analytical time dependent failure results.


The hydrophobic solid-fluid coupling analogous material that took paraffin as the cementing agent was developed. The test platform composed of high-strength PVC boards and structural steel was manufactured. The optical fiber monitoring system and metering device of water seepage were exploited. Based on these, the fluid-solid coupling model test was carried out with the engineering background of the Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel. Twenty experiments under different working conditions were operated in terms of influencing factors such as the water depth, the excavation area and the overburden thickness. During the test process, water inflow and multi-information like the displacement,stress and seepage pressure of nine key points were recorded. The results show that the effect of excavation unloading is rather obvious within 15 m rock stratum right above tunnel vault, so the relevant supporting structure and monitoring measurement should be strengthened. The effective grouting reinforcement measures are appropriate for submarine segment of the tunnel. Tunnel line with lesser water depth is beneficial to stability of surrounding rock suffered high seepage pressure. In order to decrease excavation area, designers ought to increase tunnel space utilization as much as possible.


. Julia Caesar and Augustus Caesar are two of the most important figures on the Roman history: one ended the old Roman Republic, the other started the Roman Empire. During their lifetime, the Rome complete the dramatic shift from a republic to an empire. The Gallic War and the Aeneid, two of the most influential Latin literatures, were also composed around that time period. Both were composed partially, if not wholly, as politically propagandas. For Caesar, integrating multiple idealism and glorifying his personal figure in the Gallic war paves his road to take over the government. For Augustus, deifying the emperor's family and legitimating his power stabilizes his rule. The study will be mainly discussion how different types of writing techniques were used in those two works and how they could influence politics at the time, the core of Roman value revealed by those two works will also be discussed.


At DOMUS for the past 14 years, several cognitive orthotics were designed and implemented and evaluated, most of the time using participatory design. The resulting set of orthotics can support a wide variety of activities of daily living (ADL) to foster autonomy at home for people with cognitive impairments, e.g. medication, meal preparation, or budget. DOMUS benefits from a rich and versatile research infrastructure to design, implement, and evaluate such orthotics, namely a smart apartment on the campus, a living lab in an alternative housing unit for people with traumatic brain injury (TBI), seniors' residences, personal residences (apartments and houses). To different extents, all these places can be considered as living labs. In this paper, building on our extensive experience, we first show that participative design is the best-suited methodology for developing cognitive orthotics in living labs. Clinical researchers, caregivers, and end users are involved from the start. This ensures that design is user driven and that assistive technologies will satisfy users needs. Then we propose a classification of living labs according to the levels of control one can have on which and how much technology is deployed, on how space is organized and how it may vary from experiment to experiment, and on how the progression and execution of a scenario can be constrained or not. For each category of living labs, we discuss their different yet complementary characteristics, highlighting their pros and cons. For instance, our smart apartment provides tight control over technology, space, and execution of predefined scenarios. Accordingly evaluations then provide a lot of useful and reliable information about technology and the ability for people to use it, but less on acceptance of the technology and its integration at one's real home in her daily life habits.


The paper first attempts to provide a framework for the underwater acoustic communication system. An acoustic frequency band allocation, analogous to that used by radio engineers, is proposed. Similarly, the "shallow" channel is defined and the conditions pertaining to "high" bit rate explored. Finally the paper, using this framework, discusses the performance of a range of communication systems developed at the University of Birmingham, UK.<<ETX>>


Novel fluoropolymers having partially fluorinated monocyclic (5-membered and 6-membered ring) structure have been synthesized with radical cyclo-polymerization, which have C- F bond in the polymer main chain and also possess fluorocontaining acidic alcohol group. These polymers have excellent transparency lower than 1.0 μm-1 at 157nm wave length. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymers is 4000 to 20000, the glass transition temperature (Tg) is 130 to 155 °C and the decomposition temperature (Td) is about 400 °C. Copolymerization reaction with the other monomers (ex. fluoroolefins,(meth)acrylates and vinyl esters) were also examined. The introduction of protecting group (ex. methoxylmethly, and t-butoxycarbonyl group) to alcohol units of the polymer can be applied before or after polymerization reaction. We also evaluated fundamental resist performances. These have excellent transparency of 0.5 to 1.5 μm-1, good solubility in the standard alkaline solution (0.26N N-tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution) and relatively high sensitivities below than 10mJ/cm2. The imaging results of the above fluoropolymer based positive- working resists are presented. Under 100-nm line and space pattern are delineated in 200-nm thick film by using the phase shift mask.


Recognizing the role of school choice in contemporary policy discussions, the National Center on School Choice coordinated this publication to serve as a general resource for new scholarly research about the policy environment for school choice. The National Center on School Choice is a federal research and development center that aims to conduct rigorous research to inform research, policy, and practice. It is led by Peabody College of Vanderbilt University in cooperation with the Brookings Institution, Brown University, Harvard University, the National Bureau of Economic Research, the Northwest Evaluation Association, Stanford University, and the University of Indianapolis. The Center exercises national leadership in the study of school choice across multiple disciplines and research methodologies. This special issue of the Peabody Journal of Education reports scientific, comprehensive, and timely studies from a distinguished set of academic and professional researchers. The authors examine several facets of school choice, including the politics of school choice, school management and organization, district competition and policy influences, and international perspectives on school choice. We believe this special issue provides helpful information with practical relevance to policy leaders and practitioners interested in school choice.


Environmental management is a major issue of the humankind, since the people's life, health and wellbeing depend from its resolution. The motor transport is the main source of air pollution. The article analyzes the ecological situation, considers the types of damage done by the motor transport and ways of rehabilitation of the damaged environments.


To detect low-pressure dynamic loading in rock-soil, optical fiber Michelson interferometer was adopted to set up the sensing system. Polyurethane package was used to enhance stress sensitivity of optical fiber sensors that composed quasi distributed optical fiber detection system. The sensitivity of optical fiber senor reached -170dB, and met the measurement requirement of low pressure dynamic loading at 0.001MPa-0.01MPa. The results proved that it was feasible to detect low-pressure dynamic loading using the designed optical fiber sensors. It provides a new experiment method for research on response of low-pressure dynamic loading in geotechnical engineering.


The paper aims at assessing the accuracy performance of power system state estimators that rely on synchrophasor measurements and are thus formulated in rectangular coordinates. The algorithm that is used to conduct the performance assessment of the proposed state estimator is Linear Weighted Least Squares (LWLS). In this direction, the contribution of the paper lies in the analytical mathematical proof related to the transformation of the measurement errors and the projection of the associated standard deviations from polar to rectangular coordinates. The latter are used as input to calculate the measurement noise covariance matrix whose proper formulation plays a significant role in the performance of Linear State Estimation (LSE). The validation of the proposed state estimator is carried out by using as a case study a suitably modified version of the IEEE 123-bus distribution test feeder.


In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of sand production during the gas well production, rock mechanics tests were carried out for a deep tight sandstone gas reservoir in Bashijiqike Formation of the Keshen blockk, and the logging prediction models of mechanics parameters were established. At the same time, considering the effect of reservoir pressure and stimulation measures, based on the analysis of stress state of borehole wall and using M-C criterion, the calculation model of the critical production pressure of gas well was established to achieve the purpose of guiding production and improving the gas well production. The results show that the relationship between rock mechanic parameters with acoustic wave and volume density of the Bashijiqike Formation reservoir was studied, and the response mechanism of rock mechanics parameters was revealed, thus the logging calculation model of rock mechanics parameters was established. Based on the drilled fracturing and logging data, the multi-parameter prediction method of the formation pore pressure and the in-situ stress calculation model were established. The critical production pressure has also been significantly reduced, and the risk of sand production in gas wells increased significantly. After water immersion and acid fracturing, the compressive and elastic modulus of the rock samples decreased obviously, and the maximum decrease of the critical production pressure of the reservoirs in the study area reached 9 MPa. In order to ensure the safe production, it is necessary to supplement formation energy or take more effective sand control measures in the study area. The research results can provide guiding significance for gas well production allocation in this area.


In this study, a simple one-pot construction of β-lactam scaffolds was successfully achieved via 4,6-dihydroxysalicylic acid-catalyzed organocatalytic oxidation of amines to imines using molecular oxygen. Although some imines are highly unstable and difficult to isolate by conventional methods, the organocatalytic oxidation of amines described herein, followed by their direct reaction with acyl chlorides in the presence of a base, afforded a series of new β-lactam derivatives with excellent cis selectivity, which could not be synthesized and isolated by previously reported methods. Thus, this one-pot protocol will be one of the powerful methods applicable to the synthesis of various potential drug candidates and functional molecules. Furthermore, the subsequent hydrolysis of these β-lactams successfully afforded the corresponding β-amino acids as almost single diastereomers in up to 99% yields.


Nine healthy Chengdu Ma wether Goats with the same father,weighted (41.3 ± 1.2) kg,weredivided into three groups rand omly and fed with the rice straw (RS) supplemented with 25% (MSL25),50% (MSL50) and 75% (MSL75) alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa Linn,MSL) respectively fordeterminating some of parameters blood and nitrogen metabolism.The results showed that the glucose levels (GLU) (mmol/L) of the goats fed with 3 mixed forages ranked from the greatest to the least as follows:that of the goats fed with MSL75 (3.32) that with MSL50 (3.17) that with MSL25 (3.02),there was no significantdifference (P 0.05) between MSL50 and MSL75,MSL25 except for MSL25 and MSL75 (P 0.05); the plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) (mmol/L) in the goats fed with MSL75 (6.38) that with MSL50 (5.27) that with MSL25 (5.17),there was significantdifference (P 0.05) between MSL75 and MSL50,MSL25 except for MSL25 and MSL50 (P 0.05); the nitrogen retention (NR) (g/d) in the goats fed with MSL50 (6.31) that with MSL75 (5.56) that with MSL25 (2.99) (P 0.05); the nitrogen retention/digestible nitrogen (NR/DN) (%) in the goats fed with MSL50 (47.14) that with MSL25 (41.87) that with MSL75 (30.19) (P 0.05); the nitrogen apparentdigestibility (digestible nitrogen/Nitrogen intake,DN/NI) (%) in the goats fed with MSL50 (68.90) that with MSL75 (66.29) that with MSL25 (61.25),there was significantdifference (P 0.05) between MSL25 and MSL50,MSL75 except for MSL50 and MSL75 (P 0.05).It is concluded that:a.GLU and PUN of goat fed with RS supplemented with varying levels of MSL were in the normal range,and this indicated that renal function was notdamaged.b.The associative effects on NR and use efficiency of nitrogen improved,and PUN reduced in the goats fed with RS supplemented with 50% of MSL.


PurposeThis paper aims to present an emergent framework that proposes the strategic importance of supply chain (SC) traceability beyond the traditional role in supporting product safety, recalls and sustainability initiatives.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory (GT) approach with 22 in-depth interviews with managers from 10 countries/territories and 3 different echelons of the food SC is employed to arrive at the strategic traceability framework and framework's propositions.FindingsThe framework suggests that traceability can sometimes help expose and modify firms' core and non-core SC capabilities and provide an opportunity to align them better with SC strategies. This alignment may require a complementary execution of human coordination and the adoption of technological traceability components.Practical implicationsThe research suggests that firms may be able to extract greater value from the firms' traceability investments. While traceability continues to serve the key purposes of preventing and mitigating the risks of recalls, this can sometimes illuminate sustained business growth opportunities.Originality/valueThe study extends traceability beyond a means to meet the requirements of product safety, recalls and sustainability. Rather, this study establishes traceability's role in exposing and aligning firms' capabilities for business gain and not merely recall risk mitigation. This reframing of the premise for traceability can invigorate both research and practice on the subject of traceability.


Within the framework of a diploma thesis at FH Munich, Germany, an extensive system analysis was carried out at Sittingbourne Mill and a working plan -including lab and mill trials - was established. The work showed that the key parameters for quality and performance improvements seemed to be microbiological activity, fixation of fines and retention. In the lab trials, a system combining polyaluminium-chloride and a water-based polymer dispersion performed best. This system was introduced to the mill's two PMs. The biocide programme was also overhauled to overcome the existing slime problems. The paper deals with the benefits, which have been achieved on both machines during the trials.


The Ho pseudo-second-order model is the best fitting model in describing the sorption of copper ions on synthesized geopolymer for the selected experimental conditions
(particle size 0.071–0.090 mm at agitation speed of 240 rpm). For that reason, a comparison of one non-linear and five linear forms of the Ho pseudo-second-order model was made in the present study in order to obtain the optimum sorption kinetic parameters using the experimental kinetic data obtained for the copper ions sorption process on the synthesized geopolymer. Taking all the results into consideration, the non-linear Ho model proved to be more consistent in describing the copper ions sorption on geopolymer for various initial concentrations of sorbent, as well as for various temperatures.


ABSTRACT This paper deals with asymptotic stabilisation of a class of nonlinear input-delayed systems via dynamic output feedback in the presence of disturbances. The proposed strategy has the structure of an observer-based control law, in which the observer estimates and predicts both the plant state and the external disturbance. A nominal delay value is assumed to be known and stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities are derived for fast-varying delay uncertainties. Asymptotic stability is achieved if the disturbance or the time delay is constant. The controller design problem is also addressed and a numerical example with an unstable system is provided to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed strategy.


Over the last several years studies have shown that the quality of indoor air may be worse than outdoor air. People spend as much as 90% of their time indoors, therefor, the associated health risk due to indoor air pollution may be greater than the risk due to outdoor air pollution. Building designs have altered dramatically over the last two decades resulted in "tighter" buildings that rely on sophisticated mechanical systems to provide for the quantity of air required throughout the building. These changes over the years could result in an increased number of complaints received regarding Sick Building Syndrome symptoms. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to 30% of office buildings world-wide may have significant problems regarding poor indoor air quality (IAQ). This study involves a literature study of the major indoor air pollutants regarding the source of the pollutant, the associated health effects, the measuring techniques available and the results of previous studies conducted on the specific pollutant. Measurements will be taken in two sealed buildings, one an old and the other a new building to identify the major pollutants. A questionnaire was compiled specifically for building occupants and completed by the occupants of both buildings. From the results obtained a step-by-step method for solving indoor air quality (IAQ) problems was proposed. The method was applied and evaluated in a case study of a problem building where indoor air quality related problems were experienced. The results of the study revealed that the major indoor air pollutants are present in old as well


The paper introduces the key principles of a generic gamification framework for eGuide apps offered to visitors in tourist attractions of various kind. The framework is intended to make it easier to implement gamification in eGuides, reuse and adapt gamification scheme among different eGuides, as well as maintain and update gamified eGuides. The principles include separation of gamification layer, considering gamification rules to be a kind of eGuide content separate from the rule engine, distinction of shallow and deep gamification, standardized description of eGuide events and gamification rules, separation of rule requirements and results definitions, differentiation of rule types and easy editing of rules.


The validation of cloud microphysical properties derived from satellite data with in situ observations is generally difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability of observed clouds. Two missions during SUCCESS concentrated on orographic wave clouds that exhibited relative spatial and temporal homogeneity. A comparison has been made of effective ice particle diameters derived from multispectral satellite data with in situ measurements from the MASP and PVM instruments aboard the DC‐8 aircraft. For both days, the satellite‐derived effective diameters fall well within the bounds of the in situ data.


The possible pharmacological interaction was studied between N-2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, ITA 104) and a series of products with analgesic, anticoagulant, antidepressant, antidiabetic, Beta-blocking, diuretic, hypotensive, nootropic, tranquillizing and vasodilator activities. In the experiment the LD50 of each product was compared with that found for the joint administration of the product and plafibride. Plafibride increased the acute toxicity of reserpine and potentiated its hypothermic effect in the mouse; it did not alter its effect on arterial pressure in dog and rat nor its effect on palpebral ptosis in the mouse. Although plafibride did not potentiate the acute toxicity of warfarin, its anticoagulant activity was potentiated, possibly due to the movement of warfarin from its binding sites to the plasma proteins.


A high amount of deformation below the non‐recrystallization temperature (Tnr) is a common industrial practice to achieve a good combination of toughness and strength in microalloyed steels. To combine the industrially relevant optimum combination of high productivity and product quality, an accurate knowledge of Tnr and the recrystallization kinetics is required. Although a lot of literature data is available on the recrystallization behaviour of microalloyed steels, correlations are often difficult to be made due to the effect of different experimental set‐ups and test schedules used to obtain this data. Although it would significantly improve the knowledge about these steels, so far, no systematic comparison has been presented in literature to correlate the different techniques one to another. In this study, different hot rolling simulation techniques and testing schedules were compared, within the experimental constraints of the used equipment, to determine the Tnr temperature of two microalloyed steels. Good agreement was found between the results from different test equipment. Furthermore, the results from the multideformation tests under continuous cooling conditions could be correlated with the results from isothermal double deformation tests.


PurposeDespite a widespread assertion that wages are lower in the informal than formal economy, there have been few empirical evaluations of whether this is the case and even fewer studies of the gender variations in wage rates in the formal and informal economies. Consequently, whether there are wage benefits to formal employment for men and women is unknown. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the wage differential between formal and informal employment for men and women.Design/methodology/approachTo evaluate the wage differential between the formal and informal economy for men and women, data are reported from a 2017 survey involving 8,533 household interviews conducted in Kosovo.FindingsUsing decomposition analysis and after controlling for other determinants of wage differentials, the finding is that the net hourly earnings of men in formal employment are 26% higher than men in informal employment and 14% higher for women in formal employment compared with women in informal employment.Practical implicationsGiven the size of the wage differential, the costs for employers will need to significantly increase in terms of the penalties and risks of detection if informal employment is to be prevented, along with more formal employment opportunities using active labour market policies for vulnerable groups, perhaps targeted at men (who constitute 82.8% of those in informal employment).Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to evaluate the differentials in wage rates in the formal and economy from a gender perspective.


The constraints of traditional wavelet filters and wavelet coefficients such as it can not be based on the input signal changes, combined with underwater acoustic channel transmission and imaged sonar principles causes the sharp edges or the presence of singular points of piecewise smooth sound effects far from ideal. To deal with these shortcomings, this paper proposes an improved SPIHT algorithm which image most of the energy is concentrated in the low frequency sub-band after wavelet transform. Though SPIHT algorithm diversity redundancy judgment rule which is located in the low frequency sub-band Wavelet coefficients resulting in a code scanning initial zerotree and producing more unnecessary sign bit is relatively large. Using the methods and diversity judgment rules of changing the original algorithm in wavelet tree construction, which can reduce the initial stage of the zero-tree scan number and redundancy of diversity judgments resulting as well as improve the coding efficiency. Matlab language is used to achieve the analysis of underwater acoustic image compression. As the comparing results showed that the improved adaptive wavelet transform algorithm reduce the wavelet transform coefficients to obtain more ideal compression ratio at a certain extent. To ensure the stability of the transformation process, the acoustic image compression method has a good application value.


This study discusses the preliminary research stage in developing professional learning based mathematics learning tools in culinary skills programs for vocational high school students. At the preliminary research stage interviews were conducted with mathematics teachers and students of class X vocational high school. Based on the results of interviews with mathematics teachers, the learning tools used are still general without regard to the professional competence of students, therefore it is necessary to improve the learning of mathematics by taking into account the professional competence of pesetas students especially in culinary skills programs. The problems in the learning tools that were developed were related to the profession of students in the culinary skills program, including the hotel, restaurant, hospital, service and flight cheffs.


There are many statistical models for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Among them, the multiplicative model is based on the assumption that the observed random field Z is the result of the product of two independent and unobserved random fields: X and Y. The random field X models the backscatter, and thus depends only on the type of area each pixel belongs to. On the other hand, the random field Y takes into account that SAR images are the result of a coherent imaging system that produces the well known phenomenon called speckle, and that they are generated by performing an average of n statistically independent images - looks- in order to reduce the speckle effect. There are various ways of modeling the random fields X and Y. Recently Frery et. al. proposed the distributions (Gamma) 1/2 ((alpha) ,(gamma) ) and (Gamma) 1/2(n,n) for of X and Y respectively. This resulted in a new distribution for Z: the G0A((alpha) ,(gamma) ,n) distribution. Here, the parameters (alpha) and (gamma) depend on the ground truth of each pixel and the parameter n is the number of looks used to generate the image. The advantage of this distribution over the ones used in the past is that it models very well extremely heterogenous areas like cities, as well as moderately heterogeneous areas like forests, and homogeneous areas like pastures. As the ground truth can be characterized by the parameters (alpha) and (gamma) , their estimation for each pixel generates parameter maps that can be used as the input for classical classification methods. In this work, different parameter estimation procedures are used and compared on synthetic and real SAR images, and then, supervised and unsupervised classifications are performed and evaluated.


For many years I had no other instrument for orthoptics in my own practice than a simple stereoscope. It is one of oldest and cheapest of all contrivances for this purpose, and probably every ophthalmologist owns one. Although there are many new and complicated instruments to replace it, I still believe that it is one of the best for measuring the muscular conditions of the eyes and for performing exercises and that one is not limited to expensive instruments of orthoptic treatment. There will be described, first, what can be achieved with any stereoscope, even if nothing is known about its optical properties; then, how to perform exercises with a calibrated stereoscope (one which carries on its shaft the numbers indicating how much accommodation is being exerted as the slide holder is moved to different points of the shaft), and, finally, how accurate measurements can be made with the stereoscope


Identifying the effects of urban sprawl on urban development is of strategic importance. This study takes 285 prefecture-level and above cities in China as research samples and empirically analyzes the heterogeneous impact of urban sprawl on economic development from 2009 to 2018. Results indicate the threshold effect of urban sprawl on economic development. That is, moderate urban sprawl has a significantly positive influence on economic development, whereas excessive urban sprawl has a significantly negative impact on economic development. The empirical analysis also identifies heterogeneities in the effects of urban sprawl on economic development. Compared with the sprawls of small- and medium-sized cities, those of large cities have a greater negative impact on economic development. Compared with the sprawls of cities dominated by the tertiary industry, those of cities dominated by the secondary industry have a greater negative impact on economic development. Findings of this study have important policy implications for scientific urban expansion, reasonable urban spatial layout, and sustainable urban economic development.


On the base of survey for brush seal manufacture process,the new face brush seal ring has been manufactured.The properties of new brush seal are test on the self-designed rig.The leakage curve revealing the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic seal characteristic of face brush seal can be obtained.Compared with other seal,the new brush seal has been proved to meet the design demand,and the better seal ability has been discovered in the new brush seal.


We develop the antenna module substrate which is broadband and large gain using an LTCC technology in a 28GHz band in this study. We used LTCC materials (dielectric constant 5.8, Dielectric loss 0.002@28GHz) which we developed for materials originally. First of all, we confirmed ability of slot array antenna made by LTCC for 5G application to get broadband property. The structure of designed array antenna became 40mm × 3.2mm × t1.6mm. We confirmed that this antenna has wider bandwidth (2.2GHz) and higher gain (6dBi). But this antenna size is too large for applying mobile device. Therefore we redesigned to reduce antenna size without specification degradation. The structure of redesigned antenna element becomes basically 4.8mm × 6.7mm × t1.0mm. This antenna has wider bandwidth (2.7GHz). The gains are more than 5dBi for the characteristic of this element in a band. Assume this antenna a fabric; 2 × 2 (4 elements: for mobile device) and 4 × 4 (16 elements: for small cell base station) we make an array antenna for Small cell base station and for mobile device. We will evaluate a beam steering examination with emission properties (gain, beam angle).


The lack of wood resources is one of the factors inhibiting the paper industry from developing and it is necessary for the papeenterprises to develop raw material bases. The paper summarizes the major problems existing in the integration of forestry and papeindustry, explores the ways for paper enterprises to develop the strategic ally of raw material bases and puts forward the countermeasures


PURPOSE Child and family health services in Australia initially provide at least one nurse-home-visit following the birth of a child. Planning and referral then commences for the on-going provision of appropriate services to families. Unfortunately, services in rural and regional communities in Australia can be fragmented and poorly resourced. Little is known about Child and Family Health (CAFH) nurses' experiences of working with families in these communities. The purpose of this study was to examine the way CAFH nurses work within a universal health service model that may be compromised by isolation, discontinuity and fragmentation. Design/methodology/approach Focus groups with 26 CAFH nurses from five rural, two regional and one urban community in New South Wales, Australia were conducted. A secondary, thematic analysis of the qualitative data was undertaken to reflect on change and continuity in the field of universal CAFH services. Analysis was driven by two key research questions: How do CAFH nurses experience their role in universal home-based CAFH services within rural and regional areas of Australia and, what unique factors are present in rural and regional areas that impact on their CAFH nursing role? Findings The experience of the CAFH nurses as presented by these data revealed a role that was family centred, concerned for the welfare of the family, yet compromised by the need to meet the disproportionately complex needs of families in the absence of a strong network of services. The opportunity to present the findings provides insight into the way in which families engage with available services in isolated communities. CAFH nurses in the study attempted to maintain service integrity by adapting to the unique context of their work. Originality/value It is important to understand the mechanisms through which CAFH nurses operate to work effectively with families referred to their service. This article describes the way in which CAFH nurses work with families not meeting the threshold for more intensive and targeted HV service delivery, in rural and regional communities of NSW, Australia. Copyright 2016 © Emerald Group Publishing Limited Language: en


This project was created in order to fulfill the need of creating a unit of teaching for sustainable fire brush clearance using goats. The beginning goes over all the literature that was used to help create the project as well as the thought process that was followed in order to write the unit. These decisions were crucial for figuring out what was going to be included in the unit as well as the activities and lecture prompts that are provided. The unit covers everything from fire history and fire regulations in the state of California, to the care and treatment of goats and how best to utilize them for clearing the woody brush. The teaching unit itself is included as well as recommendations for those that would like to do something similar to this report as well.


We examined soil properties and provenance of loess-paleosol sequences at the Daebo Granite area of Buan, Jeonbuk Province, South Korea. The section consists of the surface layer, Layer 1(paleosol), Layer 2(loess), Layer 3(paleosol), Layer 4(loess), and Layer 5(paleosol), from top to bottom and thickness of the exposed section is approximately 280cm. The magnetic susceptibility values show the distinct variations between the loessand the paleosol layer. Even though pH, ORP, water content, and soil hardness do not display the obvious differences in the section, the organic content indicates the variation similar to those of the magnetic susceptibility. In the respect of the soil colors measured under 3 conditions, although the variations of the wet soil color exceedingly reflect the difference of the layers, these variations are obscure in some points in the section due to the characteristics of the Munsell color system. Based on the geomorphological properties, sedimentary structure, the difference of the major element composition and the condrite-normalized rare earth element(REE) patterns showing the clear difference from the adjacent bedrocks and stream sediments and the similarity to those of the Chinese Loess Plateau, it is suggested that the section was formed by the material originated from the Chinese Loess Plateau and peripheral areas. However, because the material experienced the alteration after sedimentation under the environment of the sediment area, it has the properties different from the material in the provenance areas. This phenomenon may result in the climatic condition of Korea, especially in precipitation.


Estimating rates of nucleotide substitution is a powerful way to reveal the dynamics and processes of viral evolution (1). This task has been made easier by the development of sophisticated and user-friendly methods of gene sequence analysis (2). However, the rates estimated are only as reliable as the input data. Indeed, there is a danger that software packages like BEAST (2) are used as a "black box," with poorly constructed data leading to spurious rate estimates and in turn erroneous conclusions about the drivers of viral emergence. The recent study of Rejmanek et al. (3) falls into this trap. The aim of this work was to measure evolutionary rates in diverse subtypes of influenza A viruses and from this identify the geographic locations where most viral evolution and emergence occurs. To do this, Rejmanek et al. measured rates at the scale of individual countries. However, this analysis is flawed, as many virus sequences sampled from a specific country do not form monophyletic groups. Under these circumstances, viral evolution does not take place within a single country but rather encompasses all the geographic locations occupied by that group of viruses since they last shared a common ancestor. This issue is most acute with human influenza viruses that readily cross geo-political boundaries (4). Hence, it is incorrect to conclude that influenza virus evolves more rapidly in, say, Sweden than in Italy, as in reality both are drawn from the same, geographically mixed, viral population. Although animal influenza viruses often show more structure by country, it is important to check for geographic clustering prior to rate estimation, particularly as the explanations put forward by Rejmanek et al. for why rates differ by location have little connection to the mechanisms that generate genetic diversity. The evolutionary rates estimated by Rejmanek et al. are also noteworthy for their magnitude; many are higher than observed in other studies of influenza A virus (5, 6), raising the possibility that they are artificially inflated. This might occur in two ways. First, evolutionary rates exhibit time dependency and are often elevated toward the present due to the presence of transient deleterious mutations yet to be removed by purifying selection (7). Second, there may simply be insufficient temporal structure for accurate inference, particularly as many of the sequence data sets were sampled over shallow time ranges. This may explain the wide credible intervals seen for many of the estimates, again illustrating the importance of checking the data prior to rate estimation. In this context, is it also important that the credible intervals be considered when determining whether estimates of substitution rate truly differ, as the mean rates provided give no indication of statistical uncertainty. Although estimating substitution rates is central to understanding virus evolution, it is essential that these studies be performed with care and employ the necessary quality controls, such as preliminary analyses of phylogenetic and temporal structure. Without such safeguards, it is premature to make predictions about which geographic locations are the key drivers of viral evolution and emergence.


Wireless access networks support terminal mobility by providing wireless terminals with access to their subscribed services across multiple networks. Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT) supports personal mobility by providing users with access to their subscribed services across multiple networks at any terminal. To support terminal mobility, it is necessary to associate service subscription with the terminal itself, not the point at which it accesses the network as was done traditionally. This terminal-related service information can then be shared across networks so that the same services can be provided at any location. Personal mobility requires a similar approach but with a focus on users. However, when a UPT user makes use of a wireless terminal there results an interaction between terminal mobility and personal mobility which is not necessarily straightforward and needs to be investigated.


Collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm is key technologies of personalized recommendation system,as the serious sparsity data of rated items,the similar users of active user is distribution of scattered. The traditional collaborative filtering recommender system algorithm consumes too many resources to search the nearest neighbor,as well as reliability is poor. A novel collaborative filtering recommender algorithm based on user clustering of item attributes is proposed. This algorithm reduces the negative effect on quality of recommendation,and shrinks the searching scope,which improves recommendation results for the system.


The volatile constituents of the star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) growing in Cuba were analysed by GC-MS. One hundred and four compounds were identified in the aroma concentrate, of which (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, limonene, linalool, ˛-copaene and hexadecanoic acid were found to be the major constituents. The presence of many terpenic compounds is thought to contribute to the unique flavour of the star apple fruit. Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Purpose

Recently, some biologists have argued that the time has come to replace separation between Lamarckism and Darwinism with their connection. The aim of this paper is to understand whether this paradigm shift in the interpretation of biological evolution offers useful insights for dealing with the unresolved issue of how industries and their organizational populations evolve.

Design/methodology/approach

Lamarckism and Darwinism are two approaches that have contrasted or interwoven with each other in the study of biological evolution, just as they have in the study of organizational evolution. This paper provides a critical analysis of the long history of the debate through to the recent, revolutionary discoveries in evolutionary microbiology obtained in the wake of the genomic revolution.

Findings

From this new research frontier emerge three important findings: adaptive variations are no longer an anomaly that is peculiar to human organizations, but rather correspond to a widely observed phenomenon in the biological world; the same can be said for the process of horizontal replication; Lamarckism and Darwinism are not two mutually exclusive interpretations of evolution but two dimensions of evolution that coexist in various ways. Lamarckian dimension of evolution and the Darwinian one, handled in the light of these results, may help to understand the evolutionary logic that underpins specific stages of the history of industries.

Originality/value

The paper presents a new way of looking at industries and their firms from an evolutionary perspective.


The EFA (Erosion Function Apparatus) is a new device used to measure the erodibility function of soils and soft rocks. Samples are taken from the bridge site in a thin wall steel tube which is then fitted through a tight opening at the bottom of a pipe with a rectangular cross section. Water flows over the soil or soft rock sample. The erosion rate of the soil or soft rock is recorded and the hydraulic shear stress applied at the interface is calculated by using Moody Chart. The advantages and limitations of the EFA are discussed in this paper. The results of tests using water with different pH and salinity show that both factors influence the erodibility function. An attempt is made to find a correlation between the critical shear stress, and the initial slope of the erodibility function on one hand and the water content, the undrained shear strength, the plasticity index and the percentage passing the #200 sieve on the other. This attempt is unsuccessful.


Narrow bands of diminished density, which resemble fracture lines and often appear symmetrically and last for months to years, have been described in the skeletons of individuals with a variety of diseases. The purpose of this paper is to offer a rational explanation for the bizarre locations of these pseudofractures as they occur in osteomalacia and to focus attention upon a possible mechanism for their occurrence. The numerous descriptions of this phenomenon and the speculations as to its causes have been reviewed by Camp and McCullough (1). It has been described as a radiological syndrome by Milkman (2, 3). Histologically, such lesions in cases of rickets and osteomalacia were found by Looser (4, 5) to consist of infractions of the bones with subsequent laying down of non-calcified callus. Since they are not true fractures with complete separation of bone continuity, he called them umbauzonen, zones of alteration. H-e concluded that mechanical tension on softened bone, such as that due to muscle strain, perhaps caused small breaks in the cortex with gradual infractions through the rest of the bone, thus producing the long-lasting, symmetrical lines of diminished density resembling fracture lines. Callus about true fractures remains uncalcified for a long time in cases of osteomalacia, and Looser felt that it was not strange for these umbauzonen to persist for a considerable time after their first appearance. Albright and coworkers (6) have reviewed the cases in which pseudofractures have been found. They state that the narrow decalcified bands which occur in otherwise normal-appearing bone, and which tend to be symmetrical and remain stationary for months to years, occur only in osteomalacia or rickets. They point out that the underlying bone disturbance in the variety of conditions where


In this research article, we aims to present a novel MCDM method based on the hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy set (HPFS). With the greater extension of solution space of HPFS we can able to solve MCDM problems effectively. In the proposed method we extend the superiority and inferiority ranking (SIR) method with HPFS. The superiority and inferiority ranking method helps to decision makers to obtain effective results with intelligible computation. The efficiency of the proposed method expressed by illustrative numerical example.


Background—Changes in platelet aggregation (PA) and platelet surface receptor expression induced by thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction may influence the rate of initial reperfusion and early reocclusion. Methods and Results—In the RAPID-1 (Reteplase Angiographic Phase II International Dose-finding study), RAPID-2 (Reteplase vs Alteplase Patency Investigation During myocardial infarction), INJECT (INternational Joint Efficacy Comparison of Thrombolytics), and GUSTO-3 (Global Use of Strategies To Open occluded coronary arteries) trials, 126 patients were enrolled in a single center. Patients were treated with either conventional alteplase (100 mg/180 min; n=15), accelerated alteplase (100 mg/90 min; n=21), reteplase 10+10-U double bolus (n=50), reteplase 10+5-U double bolus (n=15), reteplase 15-U single bolus (n=15), or streptokinase (1.5 MU/60 min; n=10). PA (after stimulation with ADP), P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding to glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa (determined by flow cytomet...


Dynamic stability is crucial for vehicle safety, not least for heavy commercial vehicle safety. An articulated vehicle such as a tractor-semitrailer may if not correctly designed, handled or rebuilt fall into instability when driving. This is affected by several factors of which the geometric location of the fifth wheel is one. The effect on stability of the fifth wheel location along the longitudinal axis is therefore analysed using a simplified model and a more detailed MBS model. Results indicate that the tractor-semitrailer becomes unstable if the fifth wheel is located in a too far rearward position.


The giant inclusion anomaly of leukocytes from three patients with the Ch6diak- Higashi syndrome (CHS) has been reexamined by ultrastructural and cytochemical techniques placing emphasis on the monocyte. Contrary to previous assumptions that all CHS leukocytes shared a common form of giant granule with similar mechanisms of formation, it is shown that CHS monocytes contain ring-shaped organelles as their principle manifestation of the disease. These granules consist of a double membrane surrounding a segment of cytoplasm, which may or may not be sequestered from the remaining cytoplasm and which usually contains one or more normal-sized azurophilic granules. The material lying between the double membranes contains the specific reaction products for peroxidase and acid phosphatase. Therefore, the ring-shaped organelles share identity with the azurophilic granules and probably share a common origin with the primary lysosomes. The double-ring form of giant CHS organelle has also been found infrequently in neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. (Am J Pathol 96:781-798, 1979) and origin of giant CHS organelles have focused on the PMN and its precursors in bone marrow from patients and animal models with the disease.10-33 Results of these studies have suggested that the giant organelles are lysosomes that arise by fusion of small azurophilic primary glycogen particles in the cytoplasm. Over 30 samples of blood from three patients have been evaluated in the course of the present study. Sections of Epon-embedded cells were routinely stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, except in the case of samples reacted for specific enzymes, which were evaluated without enhanced contrast. All sections were examined in a Philips 301 microscope at 80 kV.


A cutting sequence is a symbolic coding of a linear trajectory on a translation surface corresponding to the sequence of sides hit in a polygonal representation of the surface. We characterize cutting sequences in a regular hexagon with opposite sides identified by translations exploiting the same procedure used by Smillie and Ulcigrai for the regular octagon. In the case of the square, cutting sequences are the well known Sturmian sequences. We remark the differences between the procedure used in the case of the square and the one used in the cases of the regular hexagon and regular octagon. We also show how to adapt the latter to work also in the case of the square, giving a new characterization for this case. We also show how to create a dictionary to pass from the symbolic coding with respect to the hexagon to the symbolic coding with respect to the parallelogram representing it in the space of flat tori. Finally we consider the Bouw-M\"oller surfaces $\mathscr M(3,4)$ and $\mathscr M(4,3)$ and we use their semi-regular polygons representations to prove our main result, which is a theorem analogous to the central step used to characterize cutting sequences in the previous cases.


Software engineering research and practice thus far are primarily conducted in a value-neutral setting where each artifact in software development such as requirement, use case, test case, and defect, is treated as equally important during a software system development process. There are a number of shortcomings of such value-neutral software engineering. Value-based software engineering is to integrate value considerations into the full range of existing and emerging software engineering principles and practices. Machine learning has been playing an increasingly important role in helping develop and maintain large and complex software systems. However, machine learning applications to software engineering have been largely confined to the value-neutral software engineering setting. In this paper, we advocate a shift to applying machine learning methods to value-based software engineering. We propose a framework for value-based software test data generation. The proposed framework incorporates some general principles in value-based software testing and can help improve return on investment


The invention discloses a method for a helicopter power patrol on board system to control image collection, comprising two modes of automatic collection and manual collection. The automatic collection comprises the following steps: (1) when an airplane is 220 to 250 meters away from a pole tower, the airplane keeps a speed of 50 KM/h and shoots three insulators and a lead of the front side of the pole tower; (2) when the airplane flies to an interval range of 50 meters around the pole tower, and airplane flies with a low speed of 20 KM/h and respectively shoots three insulators of the front side of the pole tower, the lead and the pole tower at the rear side of the insulators, three insulators at the rear side and the lead at the front side of the pole tower; (3) after the airplane flies out of an interval range of 50 meters from pole tower, the airplane recovers the speed of 50 KM/h, shoots a ground lead and the lead through a visible light, and shoots the lead through infrared and ultraviolet; and (4) the steps are utilized for collecting images of follow-up poles and towers.


The process of structural self-organization in manganese zinc ferrites with arbitrarily varying cationic sublattice composition has been theoretically analyzed and experimentally studied by methods of X-ray diffraction and K-emission spectroscopy. It is shown that there are strong relations between various experimentally determined parameters. These relations possess an extremal character, which is manifested by "grooves" and "ridges" on the (E, ρ, I) surfaces. This behavior is explained based on the notions about the electron population of states stabilized due to spontaneous deformation of the crystal structure, which gives rise to a strong coupling effect. © 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". Previous investigations [1, 2] of single crystal MnxZnyFezO4 ferrites showed that important factors in this ferrite matrix are concentrational and structural inhomogeneities leading to tetragonal and rhombohedral distortions of the cubic structure and the cluster formation [3]. The tetragonal and orthorhombic distortions of the ferrite lattice (manifested by splitting of the lines of X-ray diffraction from the families of highindex planes) give rise to concentrational and structural inhomogeneities in the form of nanodimensional phase clusters (γ-Mn2O3, γ-Mn3O4, α-Fe2O3) [4] coherently linked to the main lattice. An analysis of regions in the diffraction pattern, reflecting the most significant changes in the crystal structure, suggests that the aforementioned distortions 1063-7850/03/2908$24.00 © 2 0652 are accompanied by changes in the population of crystallographic states. At the same time, an analysis of the fine structure of the X-ray emission spectra of manganese (MnKβ) measured in the ferrite samples revealed a change in population of the electron energy levels near the Fermi level [5]. Therefore, a question naturally arises concerning the relationship between changes in populations of the crystallographic and electron states, as well as the structural self-organization in MnxZnyFezO4 ferrites. Our Letter addresses both of these problems. We have studied a series of manganese zinc ferrite spinels differing by the relative content of elements [6, 7], which was accompanied by changes in the X-ray density ρ: Sample Crystallochemical formula X-ray density ρ, g/cm3


Leakage from water distribution systems is a worldwide issue with consequences including loss of revenue, health and environmental concerns. Leaks have typically been found through leak noise correlation by placing sensors either side of the leak and recording and analysing its vibro-acoustic emission. While this method is widely used to identify the location of the leak, the sensors also record data that could be related to the leak's flow rate, yet no reliable method exists to predict leak flow rate in water distribution pipes using vibro-acoustic emission. The aim of this research is to predict leak flow rate in medium-density polyethylene pipe using vibro-acoustic emission signals. A novel experimental methodology is presented whereby circular holes of four sizes are tested at several leak flow rates. Following the derivation of a number of features, least squares support vector machines are used in order to predict leak flow rate. The results show a strong correlation highlighting the potential of this technique as a rapid and practical tool for water companies to assess and prioritise leak repair.


This is the second special issue of ACTA that the editors have initiated while in office. We have no plans for any more special issues at present. We are receiving so many manuscripts that the time span between their receipt, processing and acceptance is getting much too long. We apologize to our authors, but we suspect that this plight is shared by many other journal editors. While there is pressure on academics everywhere, not just in the Nordic countries, to increase their publishing efforts, potential reviewers too are under pressure and this is turning out to be an increasing problem. The peer review process is done as a matter of grace, with the most popular reviewers often engaged by many journals: their burden has increased enormously, and they often have to decline requests because they are already reviewing a manuscript (which often circulates) or they are under time pressures themselves. The imbalance between the number of incoming manuscripts and the number of potential reviewers is becoming critical, and is the reason it is taking longer and longer between receipt of a manuscript and the decision to publish – which is not good news. In line with other general sociology journals, we have to review editorial policies from time to time. We have to reach out to new audiences in order to keep up with the evolution of the discipline of sociology itself and to renew the circle of readers and find new qualified peer reviewers. As ACTA is soon to celebrate its 50th anniversary volume – starting with 2005: 4 and running though 2006 – we need to review our generational profiles to reach new readers and contributors. Running special issues gives us greater freedom to solicit articles and to concentrate on themes not regularly covered. We believe that we were successful with the previous special issue (2004: 4) on Recognition, Redistribution and Justice, where many younger colleagues were engaged and responded. This special issue on Science, Power and Democracy introduces ACTA readers to the 'new pragmatism' and its implications for science theory, and explores the renewed relevance of the subfield of science studies for the discipline of sociology as a whole. For almost 30 years now, science studies have been engaged in a 'science of science' subjecting the production of scientific knowledge claims to fine-grained sociological analysis. The sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) as originally launched at the end of the 1970s famously set out a three-stage programme for the study of scientific controversies: (1) reveal the inescapable openness and interpretative flexibility of scientific results; (2) examine the social processes leading to the closure of potentially endless arguments among rival scientists, and (3) trace the connections between these processes of closure and social forces beyond the immediate community of scientists. While the scope of this research programme was enlarged during the mid-1980s to include technological controversies, its appeal only grows stronger today with the widespread re-visioning of modern industrial societies as late modern 'knowledge' or 'risk' societies. In these late modern contexts, the scientific controversies most apt for sociological analysis are clearly no longer those fought out by 'core sets' of laboratory scientists alone, but those that can be found ranging across society as a whole. The social processes both enlarging or decreasing the scale of disagreement over such issues as the ethics of stem-cell research, urban air


Observing the effects of manipulation with warming acupuncture in treatment of 68 patients with a lesion of infrapatellar fat pad as treatment group,comparing with simple manipulation in 60 patients as control group.Result:The effective rate in treatment is 97.05%,and the control group is 78.33%,P0.01.Conclusion:Theraputic Effect of manipulation and warming acupuncture is significant


The food industry needs suitable analytical instrumentation for quality control and contamination monitoring. Such methods must be rapid, reliable, specific, and cost-effective. Biosensors, especially enzyme-based sensors, offer several advantages in monitoring bioprocessing systems. Continuous flow analysis systems with integrated biosensors are important tools in bioprocessing monitoring. This work presents the development of an affordable bioanalyzer for food analysis using enzymatic biosensors as amperometric detectors. The instrument is very versatile due to its capability to be utilised for the analysis of a great variety of analytes, such as ethanol, fructose, glucose, lactate, cholesterol, etc. It is fully controlled by a desktop application which allows you to configure all parameters of the measurement and obtain the calibration curve; then, the sample concentration may be obtained.


Neuroacanthocytosis (NA) is a diverse group of disorders in which nervous system abnormalities co-occur with red blood cell abnormalities (acanthocytes). We report the case of a 30-year old male who presented with eight months' history of progressive involuntary movements, dysphagia, difficulty in walking, and slurred speech. On examination there were multiple bite marks over lips and cheeks (features suggestive of self-mutilation) with dysarthria and nasality of voice along with hypotonia and areflexia. There was presence of involuntary movements suggestive of chorea, facial and vocal tics. He had normal power in all the four limbs and the plantar reflex was flexor bilaterally. On investigations his peripheral blood smear showed presence of acanthocytes. Hence a diagnosis of neuroacanthocytosis was made.


Patterns of smoking behavior over time exhibit substantial variation, and these patterns, in turn, hold the potential to inform possible phenotypes of tobacco use and dependence. This chapter examines the literature concerning developmental trajectories of cigarette smoking between adolescence and adulthood. It also presents an empirical example that examines these trajectories by using data from the Indiana University Smoking Survey. Specific areas discussed include


The object of the research is the characteristic entrance space of the theme hotel. The papers study on the function of the entrance space which show theme cultural. In the view of architecture design, the researches summarize three methods to design the entrance space. The way of reference,association and extending are useful methods in entrance design. The thesis found the feature of the space design and the way how to organize the space.


The paper, based on the technique evaluation-interpolation, proposes a new numerical algorithm for the computation of the determinant of a bivariate polynomial matrix. The numerical algorithm uses the Newton bivariate polynomial interpolation with equidistant points. The algorithm is applied to the programming environment of MATLAB and is compared to the corresponding build-in function of MATLAB det() which uses symbolic operations.


This paper have introduced the structural characteristics and design index of high-pressure cylinder in the Airborne arms, have analyzed the mechanical property,the mechanical and welding manufacturability in commonly used material.Meanwhile,this article have introduced several method of welding and key technological procedure of manufacturing high-pressure cylinder,have explained flow of technique,technological procedure,the measure of quality control in the process of welding in detail.Especially,the typical technological plan and welding Technology of high-pressure cylinder was used in Airborne Missile was introduced.


Taking the listed companies in Shanghai stock market from 2011 to 2017 and the listed companies in Shenzhen stock market from 2013 to 2019 as samples, this paper uses the ratio of the absolute value of daily return to the daily turnover to measure the stock liquidity, and uses the double difference method to test whether the capital market opening has a significant impact on the liquidity of China's stock market. The results show that the opening of the capital market is conducive to improving the liquidity of the stock market, and the effect of Shenzhen stock market is more obvious.


Quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography and diaminobenzidine cytochemistry provide evidence for an uptake and vesicular transport mechanism for iodine-125-labeled immunoglobulin A from plasma to bile by hepatocytes in vivo. The data confirm the existence of a hepatobiliary pathway for secretion of immunoglobulin A into the intestine and are consistent with a vesicular transport mechanism for biliary proteins within liver parenchymal cells.


The researcher chooses this topic because it is interesting to understand what speaker truly means behind his or her utterances. Pragmatics Approach is used in this research. The researcher employs Grice's theory on Cooperative Principles which includes maxims and Flouting of the Maxims. This research uses the movie "Scream" and its film script as the source of data. The researcher uses purposive sampling technique, in which the data displayed in this research are the data which contains flouting of the maxim and which are uttered by the murderers only. This research is aimed to describe how flouting of maxim can be used by the murderers in delivering their implicatures. This research shows that the murderers flout 4 individual maxims. Maxim of quality is flouted when the murderers say what they believe to be false and for which they lack adequate evidence. Maxim of quantity is flouted when they do not make their contribution as informative as is required. Maxim of manner is flouted when the murderers produce obscurity of expression and ambiguity. It is flouted also when they are not brief and orderly in conversation. Maxim of relevance is flouted when the murderers are not relevant. Besides those maxims, there are also 3 couples of overlapped maxims which are flouted by the murderers. Maxim of quality and relevance are flouted when the murderers lie to the other characters and says something irrelevant. Maxims of quantity and manner are flouted when the characters say more than listeners need and, at the same time, say obscure expression, ambiguity, something not brief and orderly. Maxim of quality and quantity are flouted when the murderers lie to the other character and say more than other character needs. The data analysis's results show that there is an implicature in each flouting of the maxim. The murderers use implicature to terrorize their victim and reveal their true purpose and identities. They also use it to hide their identity.


The Semantic Web is the initiative of the W3C to make information on the Web readable not only by humans but also by machines. RDF is the data model for Semantic Web data, and SPARQL is the standard query language for this data model. In recent years, we have witnessed a constant growth in the amount of RDF data available on the Web, which has motivated the theoretical study of fundamental aspects of RDF and SPARQL. The goal of this paper is two-fold: to introduce SPARQL, which is a fundamental technology for the development of the Semantic Web, and to present some interesting and non-trivial problems on RDF data management at a Web scale, that we think the database community should address.


The non-growing market situation in pulp and paper industry has tightened the competition. Cutting the design costs by integrating design activities is not going to be enough but the design itself has to be improved. The design of continuous production processes can be enhanced by utilizing optimization techniques during the design process. The benefit of the optimization techniques in process design depends on adequate usage of them during the design process. However, this paradigm shift will require changes in the existing design processes. In this study, the required changes are identified and a new design process model describing the optimizing design utilization is developed. The model is then assessed through a case study and an interview study to ensure that the design process can be realized in the conceptual design phase of a real delivery project.