polymers were prepared using epichlorohydrin as a cross linking agent. The polymers were separated into soluble polymer and insoluble polymer on a 10,000 molecular weight cut-off membrane (YM 10). Optimum separation conditions in the YM 10 were: transmembrane pressure 51.7 kPa, separation temperature , and volume concentration ratio 10. The flux was under the optimum conditions. Gel permeation chromatography indicated that had a degree of polymerization of and over 10, respectively. The formation of an inclusion complex with hydrophobic compounds such as 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, methyl red, and naringin was compared among . The molar absorptivity for the two chromatic compounds was increased and the absorption peak was shifted in the presence of polymers. Naringin, the principal flavonoid bitter tasting component of citrus fruit, had a low water solubility. The solubility of naringin was increased through the formation of an inclusion complex with polymers. There was no significant difference in the formation of an inclusion complex between . Reduction of the bitter components from citrus products was shown to be possible when employing , while the usage of monomer has been limited due to the low water solubility.


With technology growth and popularity of agile development in the industry for faster application deployment times, testing software for vulnerabilities becomes a challenge. Several automated tools allow discovery of bugs and other issues feasible in a shorter time. Fuzzing and concolic execution engines are such tools that allow for automated vulnerability discovery in existing programs. Fuzzing engines are used to explore unexpected inputs and to ensure that these inputs do not lead to unexpected behavior. Concolic execution engines are used to traverse every possible branch in a program to ensure that the program as a whole does not contain any logic errors. Each of these methods has its strengths and weaknesses which depend on the specific content of the code that is being analyzed. These tools are important in the field of cybersecurity as they can help ensure that vulnerabilities are discovered before malicious attackers can discover and potentially exploit them. In this paper, we perform an exploratory study of these tools and discuss the effectiveness of these tools through a demonstration.


In order to demonstrate the image of pulse radar signal processing flow and accurately test performance needs,based on virtual instrument LabVIEW universal radar signal processor simulation test system,demonstration test pulse radar system of general signal processing algorithm,including:pulse compression of PC,moving target indication(MTI),moving target detection(MTD),Doppler channel,CFAR.The simulation system in teaching and scientific research in engineering practice has practical value.


A light emitting diode device is provided. The light emitting diode device comprises a light emitting diode component and an encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer is disposed surrounding the light emitting diode component. The encapsulation layer comprises an encapsulation gel layer and a plurality of micro-particles distributed in the encapsulation gel layer. The difference between the refractive index of the encapsulation gel layer and the refractive index of the micro-particles is smaller than or equal to 0.05.


Numerous previous studies in industrial organization have attempted to assess the impact of entry barrier levels on industry profitability. A major problem one encounters when trying to measure the impact of entry barriers is that entry barriers themselves are not easily measurable. Previous works have generally followed one of two approaches regarding the measurement of entry barriers. The first approach is characterized by the work of Bain [1], Mann [10], and Weiss [22, 376].' After collecting data on a group of industries, the researcher makes a judgement as to whether entry barrier are "moderate to low," "substantial," or "very high," based on his expert assessment of industry structure. Presumably economies of scale, absolute capital requirements, and product differentiation are important structural features of the industry which may have some weight in the researcher's judgement. A drawback to this approach is that the researcher who anticipates a positive relationship between profits and entry barriers may subconsciously incorporate that knowledge into his judgements about entry barriers, and thus bias the conclusions of his study in the anticipated direction. The second approach involves the use of empirical proxies for entry barriers (such as the advertising/sales ratio, the cost disadvantage ratio, or measures of minimum efficient scale). These proxy variables can directly enter a regression equation explaining industry profitability. Martin [12; 13; 14] has used this


The objective of this thesis is to verify the hypothesis based on the virtue of the defendant's silence. Once concluded the answering stage within a process of payment orders, a derivative of the process yields to the implementation phase. Taking into account that the "Codigo Organico General de Procesos" bases itself on the principles of economics civil procedures, this legal body prescribes a new mechanism that protects the credit rights in Ecuador. It consists of claiming a debt in a lawsuit in which not receiving an answer, from a given party to the other, gives way to a judicial declaration. In other words, it gives the same effect as a court warrant or a sentence.
In this process of payment orders, the law attributes an affirmative aspect to the silence of the defendant. Hence, this legal analysis tries to determine the omitting conduct of the defendant that leads to this type of civil procedure called "juicio monitorio" to execution of sentence. Furthermore, this study shall contribute to the pillars of the basic constitutional rights of this type of process because it denotes the importance of a legal citation from both parties.


Aim: Current ex vivo study compared fracture resistance of teeth instrumented using 5 endodontic files, filled with Gutta-percha and AH Plus. Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted, single-rooted mandibular premolars were acquired and decoronated to obtain 15 mm segments. These samples were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10). Group 1 served as the control containing untreated samples (without instrumentation or filling). In Groups 2-6, samples were instrumented using rotary (Universal ProTaper and Revo-S), reciprocating (WaveOne and RECIPROC; ), and self-adjusting file (SAF), respectively. Following instrumentation, the samples were filled by lateral compaction with Gutta-percha and AH Plus. A week later, after the sealer was completely set, a vertical load was applied to the specimen′s canal in each group until fracture. The loads required for fracture were recorded, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: The mean fracture load differed significantly among the groups (P < 0.01; one-way ANOVA). Tukey′s post-hoc tests revealed that the fracture resistance was similar in the control and SAF groups (P > 0.05) and was significantly higher than that of the 2 rotary and reciprocating groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The samples instrumented by the SAF exhibited a better fracture resistance.


This article describes a framework for qualitatively represent ing and reasoning about spatial configurations. The framework contains interval/region-based formalisms for describing dis tances, angles, and locations. These representations lead to the formulation of inference rules, as well as search-heuristics that enable the derivation of spatial relationships and paths among objects. The qualitative framework can be used in two principal ways: to formulate solutions to spatial configuration problems where exact geometric knowledge is not available, and to provide guidance for the application of quantitative configuration analysis and planning methods. The applications of the proposed framework are demonstrated through simula tion examples that involve inferring constrained instantaneous configurations as well as coupler curves for compliant mo tion planning and deriving collision-free paths for open-chain mechanisms moving among static obstacles.


This paper presents the theoretical analysis of neutron transfer mechanism for the reaction 181Ta(18O, 19O) at energies 81.86 and 90.05 MeV in the center of mass system. Numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation is used for studying neutron transfer processes. The evolution of the wave function for the neutron from the uppermost occupied single-particle neutron level of the 181Ta nucleus is determined. The dynamics of neutron transfer process is described and the probabilities of occupation of initially unoccupied single-particle neutron levels of the 18O nucleus are determined.


Background: To study and correlate the haematological abnormalities with CD4 cell counts in HIV infected patients diagnosed on OPD basis in S.C.B Medical College, Cuttack, before they are initiated on Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy.Methods: A 100, ELISA positive, untreated HIV patients were included in the study while those patients with history of any haematological disease, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Chronic Liver Disease (CLD), underlying malignancy or on chemotherapy were excluded. Following clinical evaluation, haemoglobin levels (Hb. %), Total Leucocyte Count (TLC), Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Platelet Count (PC), CD4 counts (by flow cytometry) and peripheral smear examination was done. They were staged as per WHO clinical staging guidelines given by NACO and statistical analysis was drawn by Fischer Exact Test and association between CD4 counts and haematological abnormalities were inferred.Results: The mean age of the patients was found to be 36.85±6.2 years with males (63%), married (80%) and rural population (78%) showing commonest mode of transmission of the virus as heterosexual route (94%). Most common clinical finding was found to be pallor (68%) with majority in stage III of AIDS. Mean TLC count was found to be 5872±2210 cells/mm 2.40% had leucopenia on TLC and 29% had neutropenia, 30% lymphocytopenia and 20% monocytopenia on DLC. Mean CD4 count was 89 cells per microliter and 79% were anaemic. CD4 counts did not statistically correlate either with WHO staging or cytopenias or haemoglobin levels. However, there was positive association between CD4 counts with anaemia, WHO stages of AIDS, lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia in this study.Conclusions: In this study we could ascertain that, majority were in WHO stage III of AIDS with CD4 counts <200 cells per microliter and blood findings of various cytopenias and anaemia. From our findings, we could correlate between WHO stage of AIDS, CD4 counts and haematological abnormalities thus, establishing the essence of our study.


The construction of concrete track for the first time in Korea gives lots of meanings to civil engineering in various aspects. Settlement level needs to be kept minimal for the safety of the track. Concrete track has different structural characteristics comparing to conventional ballast track, so load distribution in concrete track is also different. Since it is the first time to build concrete track, there are very few experience and data available on the subject. Therefore it is important to evaluate how much load is transferred to the ground due to the running vehicle in concrete track and to determine the optimal thickness of layers. In this research, 9 individual earth pressure cells were installed at OOOk930 site in 2nd stage of Kyungbu high speed railway during under construction. The in-situ pressure data were measured at each layers during pump-car and locomotive were moving on the high speed railway surface.


Monitoring of the vadose zone is a potentially complex, time-consuming, and expensive problem. The location of monitoring points and selection of monitoring instruments can be optimized by using computer models. Numerical models developed for this purpose in the past have often been expensive and difficult to use. This paper describes a fast, three-dimensional, approximate analytical solution to the moisture content in the unsaturated zone. An analytical solution is available for steady-state drainage, whereas an approximate analytical solution is available for the transient case. The model will handle an arbitrary distribution of fluid sources, as well as vertical and horizontal impermeable boundaries.

The model may be applied to predict the incursion of fluid from accidental leakage or infiltration over large areas from unlined ponds and land treatment sites. The model is quite useful as an aid in designing monitoring or premonitoring programs near hazardous waste sites. Examples are presented to demonstrate the model's utility in estimating the maximum spread of a contaminant, the extent to which the fluid may spread with depth, the regions of high and low capillary pressure, and the non-linear behavior of the saturation when drainage from several sources in considered. These results are useful for the placement of monitoring locations and the selection of appropriate instruments, and as a tool in working with regulatory agencies to design monitoring programs. A glimpse of the future is necessary for today's planning. Computer models are some of the most useful crystal balls we have available.


INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP (please check your membership type) General • $80.00 Associate Member*• $65.00 Senior (65+) • $55.00 Student • $45.00 Beginning 2015 memberships will no longer include print issues of The Journal of African American History (JAAH)    (formerly the Journal of Negro History). Instead, memberships will include digital issues of the JAAH including access to      all back issues. Additionally, your membership will include digital issues of The Black History Bulletin including available      back issues, Fire!! The Multimedia Black Studies Journal & voting privileges & discounts at the national conference &       other events. For additional benefits see ASALH Website at www.asalh.org .


This paper reviews the development of hydrographic surveys in the Great Lakes during the 19th century. It traces the work of the early Admiralty surveyors and of the U.S. Corps of Engineers through to the formation of the Canadian Hydrographic Service and describes some of the methods used and the hardships faced by the early surveyors.


Due to the particularity of the agriculture sector,the quality of accounting information from agricultural sector public companies has attracted attention of investors,supervisors and principals setters.The cash flow information is a kind of special accounting information based on the practice of collecting and paying.Whether investors can obtain the information for decision-making from the cash flow information released by public companies in the agricultural sector is an issue well worth studying.A test of the market response of the cash flow information from public companies in the agricultural sector shows that investors vary in their response to varying cash flow information,and that the quality of cash flow information from public companies in the agricultural sector needs to be improved.


Abstract Since the 1990s, young people's drinking has been a matter of public concern, attracting considerable media attention that has contributed to spreading the alarm. The purpose of this article is to dispel some stereotypes about youth drinking in Italy, by putting it in an international perspective and explaining some of the key factors that have contributed so far to limiting the spread of at-risk alcohol consumption when compared to other countries. Among these factors, the persistence of social values that emphasize family ties and the sharing of informal norms between adults and young people seem to play a prominent role. However, both the spread of increasingly individualistic values at a global level, and the growing complexity of transitions to adulthood could lead to changes in consumption patterns among Italian youth in the near future and increase risky behaviours.


________________________________________________ Abstract: Synthetic surfactants are now known to have negative effects on the environment, necessitating technical advancement to eliminate them. It has been determined that the use of bio-surfactants for this purpose is both an environmentally acceptable method and an alternative to a traditional intricate cleanup system. Many different surface-active substances, or "bio-surfactants," are produced by microorganisms. Due to their potential advantages over their synthetic counterparts in numerous domains, including environmental, food, biomedical, and other industrial uses, bio-surfactants are garnering a lot of attention. Seven bacterial strains were obtained from industrial wastewater for this investigation. Two strains were chosen from a group of seven based on their capacity to produce bio-surfactants, colony form and features, and froth production. In two different low salt media, a comparison between the carbon sources sucrose and hexane was conducted.


Unlike chlorination or bromination, direct gas-phase iodination ArH ArI is unpractically slow even at 500°. Chloro- and bromobenzenes, however, are converted into their iodo analogues. The rather rapid and selective reaction with bromobenzenes lead to exchange equilibria Ar′Br + ArI ⇌ Ar′I + ArBr at a temperature ≥400°. Using iodobenzene as reagent, this process can be used for preparing aryl iodides in high yields.


Jin-91 block entered the later period of steam huff-puff and was flooded seriously,which lacked the theory of steam flooding in heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water. Three layers of inhomogeneous artificial core with 500×10-3、1000×10-3、1500 × 10-3μm2permeability were used in experiment. There were 5 producing wells,four assist production wells which were designed for saturating core with oil,four water inlets which were used for modeling sufficient edge water on the right. High permeability(16000 × 10-3μm2)transition with 2 cm width was close to the edge water. The effect of pressure,temperature and distance of water and bottom water on the encroachment sensitivity of edge-bottom water was analyzed. The results showed that when the differential pressure(ΔP)was 0.04,0.06,0.08 MPa and the temperature was 45℃,the relationship between instant water influx Q and ΔP was Q=0.0021×e72.8ΔP×t(t=0~ 75 h)and Q=0.007×e51.708ΔP×(t-75)+0.157e72.64ΔP(t=75~ 125 h)in early and later stage of the experiment,respectively. When ΔP was small,the relationship between Q and time was approximately linear.With increasing ΔP,the curve of Q appeared inflection point. And the instant water-output tended to be stable at later stage of water invasion. When the temperature increased from 45℃ to 75℃,the water breakthrough time delayed. The effect of temperature on water breakthrough time of producing wells far from edge water was the most obvious. The nearer to edge water,the more serious water logging was. The effect of ΔP to the law of water invasion was the most obvious among water invasion sensitive factors. The result provided evidence for the development of heavy water flooded zone turning to steam drive.


Ammonia (NH3) is a fundamental feedstock for the global population not only for its wide use as fertilizer and chemical, but also for its potential as energy storage medium. Its synthesis at the industrial scale is based on the well-known Haber Bosch process, operating at high temperature (400-500°C) and high pressure (150-300atm), thus making it highly pollutant. Considering the global climate emergency, it is mandatory to develop a green ammonia synthesis that relies on milder conditions and may adopt renewable energy sources. The electrochemical synthesis, of NH3 from N2 and H2O at ambient conditions and using renewable energy driven electricity could be a promising approach. An efficient electrochemical ammonia synthesis however, is currently still lacking. The main reasons are the absence of adequate catalysts capable of dissociating the N2 triple bond and the competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode, since the required potential is close to that of nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), required for the ammonia formation.
 There are some reaction models in the literature but it is commonly accepted that the dissociative adsorption of N2 is the rate limiting step and extensive research has been done on nitrogen interaction with metal surfaces. Ru, Co, Bi, Au, Fe, Mo, etc based materials have been extensively tested for the green ammonia synthesis, but results are still conflicting also because a complete evaluation of environmental contaminations is still lacking.
 In this work we adopted as NRR catalyst Fe based nanoparticles on carbon cloth substrate via a simple and fast electroless deposition technique. We prepared a FeCl3 solutions with different concentrations in the range 1-10mM and deposited a drop on (3x1.5) cm2 samples of carbon cloth, on a hot plate, at 80°C. After evaporation of the water, the as deposited substrates were dipped in NaBH4 solution while stirring.
 The catalyst morphology has been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), as a function of the concentration. Very small particles, with a size ranging from 10 to 70nm, were obtained with the most diluted solution. The cluster size increases with increasing FeCl3 concentration in the solution, giving rise to strong coalescence effects and to the formation of a thicker and continuous layer in the case of the most concentrated solution. Scanning Transmission electron Microscopy (STEM) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) have been adopted to determine the composition. EELS spectra showed that the iron L-edge is that typical of Fe3O4 materials.
 The electrochemical ability to reduce nitrogen, with the formation of ammonia, was evaluated in a standard two compartment cell, with a phosphate buffered solution (PBS 0.1M) adopting a Zirfon membrane as a gas separator. Ar or N2 gas (both with a purity of 99.9999%) flowed in the cathode chamber after going through an acidic trap and a water trap, to be further purified. A rigorous protocol has been adopted to evaluate the ammonia production, including a two steps measurement of the environmental ammonia at the open circuit potential. The ammonia was measured by spectrophotometric analysis using the indophenol blue method. The electrochemical production of ammonia was obtained by chronoamperometry under constant voltage.
 For the iron-based catalysts, a very efficient activation procedure has been developed, based on cyclic voltammetry under N2 flow. The activation process allows an improvement up to 10 times in the ammonia generation rate. Moreover, a strong correlation has been found between the particle size of the catalyst and its activity for NRR, with the best results achieved with the sample covered with nanoparticles, exhibiting also the highest electrochemical active area. Iron based nanoparticles showed excellent activity for NRR, with a faradaic efficiency of 15% at -0.35 V vs RHE and a maximum ammonia production rate of 85µg mg-1
 cat h-1. Acknowledgements:This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No101006941.


Cloud computing is the delivery of on-demand computing resources, everything from applications to data centers over the Internet on a pay-for-use basis. Here, bandwidth reduction is an issue. Hence a new traffic redundancy elimination scheme was designed for reducing cloud bandwidth and costs. In this paper, we introduce an end-to end traffic redundancy elimination technique for cloud computing clients using predictive acknowledgements (ACK). Traffic redundancy elimination in cloud needs to make sagacious use of cloud resources so that the bandwidth cost is reduced along with the cost incurred by TRE operation and for efficient storage. The key vantage of this scheme is the ability to dispose the cloud-server TRE effort to the end customers. This solution does not require to continuously uphold the clients status. In Predictive ACK solution, client uses freshly received chunks to identify formerly received chunks, which are used as suitable predictors to upcoming transmitted chunks.


Unit layout affects every aspect of intensive care services, including patient safety. A previous study has shown that patients admitted to beds adjacent to the sink and to the door of a large bayroom had the highest number of positive blood cultures and the highest blood culture incidence density, respectively. The present study measures microbial air contamination in a medical intensive care unit of a medical center in central Taiwan. Of the 17 rooms, 8 rooms with distinct physical environmental characteristics were selected. Sampling tests were conducted between December 2013 and February 2014 with a microbial air sampler (MAS-100NT). TSA was used for bacteria collection and DG18 for fungi collection. The overall average bacterial and fungal concentrations were 83CFU/m 3 and 69CFU/m 3 , respectively. The ranges were between 8-354 CFU/m 3 and 0-1468 CFU/m 3 , respectively. A significant difference was found in the bacterial concentration (p=.005) between different room locations. The highest concentration was found in the rooms located at the front end of the circulation (99 CFU/m 3 ), while the lowest was found in the rooms located at the rear end of the circulation (55CFU/m 3 ). Differences in fungal concentrations for different room locations did not reach statistical significance. In addition, differences in bacterial and fungal concentrations for rooms with different sink locations did not reach statistical significance. Even though the microbial concentrations generally complied with standards, the results may help designers and hospital administrators develop a healthier environment for patients.


Pseudodifferential Operators in Rn: Multiquasi-Elliptic Polynomials, Related Sobolev Spaces and Classes of Pseudodifferential Operators, Related Fourier Integral Operators Spectral Theory: The Spectrum of the Self-Adjoint Multi-Quasi-Elliptic Operators, Asymptotics for Weyl Integrals of Multi-Quasi-Elliptic Polynomials, Sharp Remainder for the Counting Function Other Applications: A Class of Vector Valued Pseudodifferential Operators, Hypoelliptic Degenerate Equations of Grushin Type, Wave Front Sets in the Multi-Quasielliptic Case, Some Boundary Value Problems in Unbounded Domains of Rn.


Abstract The high-pressure reaction of 2-alkylfurans with diethyl mesoxalate is described. The competition between substitution at position 5 of the furan ring and at the alkyl group as well as the effect of pressure on the regiochemical outcome of this reaction are presented.


57 ABSTRACT Polyurethane and poly(urea)urethane compositions as specified below are utilized as luting agents, for filling cavities or spaces in human or other animal bones, and are introduced in liquid form and formed in situ to cre ate a polyurethane or poly(urea)urethane elastomer which is relatively compatible with the surrounding tissue, has good adhesive properties, low friability, and good tear and tensile strength. The invention includes the polyurethane and poly(urea)urethane compositions disclosed and their uses in the performance of surgery in human beings and other animals. The polyurethane and poly-(urea)urethane compositions are produced by the reaction of an "A' component prepolymer which is the reaction product of a diiosocyanate with a diol or polyol, and a two element 'B' component, which may be any of the polyols used in producing the 'A' compo nent prepolymer or a relatively short chain diol or triol or a diamine (in the case of a poly(urea)urethane) or combinations thereof. One element of the "B" compo nent is relatively highly reactive and reacts with a ma jority of the 'A' component. The other element of the "B' component is less reactive and acts as a bulking agent to facilitate mixing of the two components.


language learners and of the tools and support that can be provided to help them succeed. are. My first impressions of him were that he was inquisitive, confident, and serious about his schoolwork. He was quick to ask questions-not just the "what's our homework" kind of questions, but questions that indicated he wanted to understand. It was not until the end of the semester that I found out the difficulties he had overcome to reach this level in his academic career. I then interviewed Carlos, and by doing so I saw the challenges from a valuable angle-his. Carlos's story not only inspires but also provides tremendous insight as his challenges and frustrations are the same as those faced by many students in countless classrooms. While meaningless print stared at him from textbook pages, he eventually developed strategies that provided for him a path to high school graduation at the age of twenty. From his method of sketching to make meaning, educators can gain an understanding of the needs of second-language learners and of the tools and support that can be provided to help them succeed.


Two dental care practices-going to dentist for check ups and going frequently to dentist in the last five years-were found to be associated with a positive attitude toward fluoridation. Having a regular dentist, however, was not significantly associated with attitude toward fluoridation. It was further determined that going for check ups and times to dentist in last five years are significantly associated with fluoridation attitude only when persons have correct knowledge about fluoridation. When persons have only vague knowledge or when they have incorrect knowledge of fluoridation these two dental care variables do not relate significantly to attitude toward fluoridation.


Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are 18-electron π-conjugated macrocyclic ring systems with proven activities in diverse fields, including pharmaceuticals and catalysis. These demonstrated activities are often alluded to as their fascinating photophysical and photochemical dispositions, which are usually dependent on their molecular structures. However, many of these molecules suffer from aggregation due to π–π stacking and have limited insolubility in hydrophilic media, which limits their extensive utilisation in pharmaceutical applications. This review will explore the possibility of fine-tuning the physicochemical properties of phthalocyanines when designed as multicomponent crystals. Among the proven and SMART approaches that have been shown to enhance drug solubility without altering the molecular structure is co-crystallisation. This protocol involves the design and formation of non-covalent interactions between two or more molecular entities to create a supramolecular assembly and subsequently afford multicomponent crystals (MCCs). A systematic review of the Cambridge Structural Database repository yielded several single and multicomponent crystals of Pcs; however, most of them were either salts or solvates, with only a few reports on their co-crystals.


Employers lay certain claims to candidates to vacancies by the Humanities profile: they are expected to be able to prognosticate their activity result, to take responsibility to themselves to execute their functional charge. These claims perform as criteria of structural compounds of prognostic ability of specialists of the Humanities profile.


In this paper we consider the reconstruction of rapidly varying objects in process tomography. The evolution of the physical parameters is approximated with stochastic convection diffusion and fluid dynamics models. The actual time-varying reconstruction is carried out as a state estimation problem. As the boundary observations we use the voltage data of electrical impedance tomography. We have previously shown that state estimation works well in process tomography in the cases in which the fluid dynamics of the system are modeled correctly. In the real case, however, the velocity field cannot usually be determined accurately. This may be caused, for example, by complex nature of the flow, the turbulence, discretization, etc. In adopting the first proposed approach, it is essential to know how much the inaccuracies in the fluid dynamical model affect the state estimates in process tomography. In this paper we consider the tolerance of the approach with respect to these inaccuracies. We show that the estimation scheme is relatively tolerant to modeling errors in the flow field. Thus relatively reliable estimates can be obtained, for example, in a case in which a laminar flow model is used in turbulent flow conditions. However, the degradation that is due to incorrect flow fields is not insignificant and it is also conjectured that it could be possible that an extension of the proposed method could be used to estimate some flow field parameters.


ABSTRACT Herbaspirillum lusitanum strain P6-12 (DSM 17154) is, so far, the only species of Herbaspirillum isolated from plant root nodules. Here we report a draft genome sequence of this organism.


The present study compared L2 vocabulary acquisition from engagement with two different online media: written blog posts and video blogs. It also explored whether there are differences regarding which aspects of vocabulary knowledge–orthography, semantics, and grammatical function¬–are best learned from these media. The results showed that incidental vocabulary learning occurred, in approximately equal amounts, through reading blog posts and watching video blogs. There were some indications that different types of vocabulary knowledge were gained from the two type of media. The written blog entries promoted greater gains in orthographic knowledge than the videos. There was also some tentative evidence that the videos may have promoted greater recall of the target words' grammatical functions, and greater recognition and recall of their meanings.


Butler, Barbara A, Geology Petrology and Geochemistry of the Ringing Rocks Pluton, Jefferson County, Montana Ringing Rocks pluton is a small composite intrusion on the south eastern periphery of the Boulder batholith, Montana* The pluton consists of a quartz-bearing monzonite core partly surrounded by a conformable rim of mafic monzonite. Near contemporaneous emplace ment of the two intrusions is supported by field relations and by the presence of an intervening zone of mixing. The transitional zone displays a chemical composition that is intermediate between the core and mafic rim. The core of the pluton is chemically com patible with the calc-alkaline suite of the Boulder batholith, whereas the mafic-monzonite rim is chemically and mineralogically similar to rocks of the shoshonite association. Shoshonites are potassium-rich, silica-saturated rocks that exhibit chemical affin ities for both the calc-alkaline and alkaline rock associations. In addition to the mafic-monzonite rim of Ringing Rocks pluton, potassium-rich alkaline rocks occur along the northern-most contact of the Boulder batholith. These occurrences suggest that alkaline magmatism in Montana can be extended somewhat in both space and time to include the shoshonite and alkaline rock types associated with the Boulder batholith of western Montana. Director: D.V/. Hyndman^ / ^


Various phosphatidylsaccharides can be produced in good yields by a one-step transphosphatidylation reaction catalyzed by the purified phospholipase D from Actinomadura sp. strain No. 362.With glucose as the saccharide, the optimal conditions of transphosphatidylation were investigated. Several solvents such as diethylether or tert-butanol and several salts such as NaCl or CaCl2 were effective for phosphatidylglucose production. The optimal concentration of glucose for phosphatidylglucose production was 0.8 part of the water.With optimal conditions, the conversion rate of egg lecithin to phosphatidylglucose reached about 85%. With this condition of phosphatidylglucose production, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, soya lecithi.., phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, dihexadecylphosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin were found to be good substrates.Pentoses, hexoses, and heptoses with primary alcohol groups were also found to be good acceptors of transphosphatidylation.


Summary Aggregation of cat platelets in the citrated plasma is examined by means of Born's absorptiometer. A marked tendency of the platelets of this species to spontaneous aggregation necessitated first of all the development of an improved technique of blood collection. A hypothesis according to which 5-HT is released from the platelets, explains the absence of oscillations on the base line of the absorptiometer, the absence of platelet swelling, when ADP is added, and the effect of stirring on the aggregation curves in cat PRP. The average volume of cat platelets amounts to 10.46 μ3 when directly fixed in the blood, when fixed from PRP to 12.17 μ3, when fixed from stirred PRP to 13.51 μ3. In low concentrations (0.3-2 μM) ADP produce reversible aggregation; in narrowly restricted, individually dissimilar mean concentrations irreversible aggregation in two phases and in high concentrations, irreversible aggregation in one phase. Like ADP serotonin produces 2 phase irreversible aggregation in concentrations of 3-10 μM, but unlike ADP, the aggregation velocity decreases again with high 5-HT concentrations (>100 μM). Adrenaline does not produce aggregation and it is likely that adenosine and adenosine monophosphate inhibit the aggregation by serotonin but not by ADP. Species differences in the aggregation of human, rabbit and cat platelets are discussed.


Recently, slotted waveguides have been used in conjunction with second order nonlinear optical polymers to provide a platform for electro-optic modulation at telecommunication frequencies. A challenge with these devices is the need to provide high-frequency electrical driving signals to the slots. The silicon resistivity must be high to reduce optical loss, and as a result electrical performance can be severely limited. We have designed and fabricated a class of waveguide that achieves quasicontinuous electrical contact with subwavelength segmentations and has low optical losses of 4 dB/cm, allowing both millimeter-wave and optical fields to be concentrated in the same area.


We describe a novel approach for personalized navigation in a social virtual environment, in which a camera agent enables context-dependent exploration in a three-dimensional information landscape. This type of concept has potential applications for dynamic virtual environments, virtual narratives and awareness in virtual teams. We apply this approach within TOWER, a Theatre of Work, which allows project members to be aware of project relevant activities as well as to establish social relationships to intensify team coherence.


Association studies of SNPs have become very important in determining how genetic variants are linked to complex diseases, quantitative traits, and physiological responses. Genetic polymorphisms in the GLP-1R gene have potentially decreased protein stability and are associated with many diseases, especially diabetes and obesity. This study aimed to screen the expression and investigate the genetic polymorphism of the GLP-1R by using several beneficial bioinformatics tools. We observed database Ensembl, GTEx portal, and KEGG to identify the structure, expression, and molecular pathway of GLP-1R. In silico computational methods (SIFT, PolyPhen v2, PROVEAN, and PhD-SNP) were used to identify nsSNPs of the GLP-1R that potentially influence protein structure and function. I-Mutant was used to investigate possibly damaging nsSNPs, while GeneMANIA was used to investigate GLP-1R gene-gene interactions. GLP-1R is localized on chromosome 6p21, contains 13 exons, and has the regulation variant (CTCF, promotor, enhancer, and promotor flank region). GLP-1R is highly expressed in the pancreas to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress glucagon secretion. Seven nsSNPs of the GLP-1R gene were found to be potentially deleterious: rs10305421, rs201672448, rs10305492, rs2295006, rs6923761, rs1042044, rs140642887, and rs10305510. I-Mutant server showed that nsSNPs rs140642887 was unstable, decreased GLP-1R protein stability, and impaired other genes' interaction and function (SP1, SP3, GNAS, and GCG). This study is the first in silico analysis of the polymorphic GLP-1R gene, and will serve as a great resource for developing precision medications to treat diseases associated with these polymorphisms.


This paper uses SPSS technology to extract the operating performance indicator F from the 2012-2014 panel data of listed companies in Henan Province from the factors of corporate profitability, operating capacity and solvency. Combined with the relationship with the government, employees, shareholders, customers, creditors and suppliers and other stakeholders, it conducts factor analysis and multiple regression analysis on the impact of comprehensive corporate performance indicators.


In this paper, we present a state of the art about Ontology Matching Algorithms and we propose a general classification of them. A selection of three algorithms to work with a concrete platform is presented: CODI, LogMap andMaasMatch. In addition we propose a testbed divided in three groups of tests to evaluate the algorithms . These algorithms were tested and evaluated to verify which was the most suitable for this problem.


Relations between policy makers (as well as other public officials) and the media are a crucial, but often neglected, element of public management. In this article, the authors seek to illuminate the relationship between public policy and the mass media by focusing on how policy matters are communicated, while emphasizing the important role played by public officials in this communication process. Recommendations thus ensue as to how public managers can more effectively disseminate information about environmental policies to a diverse, and often hostile, clientele which public policy makers and managers must be prepared to engage.


Using DD3R, silicalite and NaY zeolite membrane for gas separation is an attractive prospect for the development of a sustainable green process industry. The interest in CO2 and H2 lies in their relatively strong and weak adsorption in zeolite, respectively, causing a peculiar behavior of membrane selectivity, which is here evaluated in a wide range of temperature (273–573 K), feed pressure (100–500 kPa) and CO2 molar fraction (0.05–0.95). As a result, CO2/H2 selectivity of the considered zeolite is found to be high at a low temperature owing to the relatively strong CO2 adsorption with respect to the weak H2 one. Differently, selectivity is much lower at a higher temperature because of the reduced adsorption strength. The temperature strongly affects the membrane selectivity through surface diffusion closely correlated to gas adsorption, and CO2 adsorption results responsible for the high membrane selectivity in the low-temperature range.


The aim of this work is to study the structural changes that take place during the heat setting of simultaneously and sequentially biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate films. The rate of structural rearrangement, as detected by real-time birefringence and off-line the Raman spectroscopy, DSC thermal analysis and X-rays, was found to be dependent on the state of the orientation and crystallinity attained by the samples during the stretching step. This suggested that the annealing behavior can be categorized into three regimes according to the birefringence behavior of the samples. At low deformations, the films not crystallized by strain exhibit complete birefringence relaxation without showing any sign of crystallization. The intermediate ratio samples that were stretched to the onset of the strain-induced crystallization exhibited the highest levels of birefringence increase after a short relaxation. The samples stretched well above the onset of the strain-induced crystallization exhibited intermediate level of birefringence and crystallinity increase. Therefore, the classification of the three regimes was found to be related to the onset of the strain-induced crystallization during the stretching step. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers


The syntheses of nitrobenzene and p-nitrotoluene directly from benzene, toluene, and NO2 within the pore network of the initially acid-free zeolite NaZSM-5 are reported for the first time. The active species , formed by the interaction of NO2 with the Na


This document provides a tutorial introduction to the zipfR package (Evert and Baroni, 2007) for Large-Number-of-Rare-Events (LNRE) modeling of lexical distributions (Baayen, 2001). We assume that R is installed on your computer and that you have basic familiarity with it. If this is not the case, please start by visiting the R page at http://www.r-project.org/. The page provides links to download sites, documentation and introductory material, as well as a wide selection of textbooks on R programming.


The generation of acoustical waves in solids by pulsed laser irradiation has the advantage of being contactless and nondestructive in the case of the thermoelastic mode. Unfortunately, acoustical characteristics of such a source are limited. To modify these parameters, a phased array of thermooptical sources was made by moving the laser beam, and control of beam directivity was obtained. Achievement of such an array is accomplished with an acoustooptic deflector synchronized with a large pulse dye laser. The influence of the velocity and geometry of the moving source is studied, and comparison with a motionless source is made.<<ETX>>


The Male Thorax The Male Abdomen The Male Pelvis The Female Pelvis The Right Lower Limb The Right Upper Limb with Hand in Pronation The Right Knee in Sagittal Planes The Left Knee in Coronal Planes The Right Shoulder in Sagittal Planes The Left Shoulder in Coronal Planes The Head 20 Degrees from Orbitomeatal Plane The Head and Neck 0 Degrees from Orbitomeatal Plane The Head and Neck in Sagittal Planes The Head and Neck Coronal Planes The Cervical Spine in Sagittal and Axial Planes The Thoracic Spine in Sagittal and Axial Planes The Lumbar Spine in Sagittal, Axial and Coronal Planes.


The gluteal site, especially the upper, outer quadrant of the buttock, was previously a favorite areafor intramuscular injections. In the late 1950's a number of articles appeared citingdamage to the sciatic nerve from injections in the gluteal mass. The recommendation was made, and largely adopted, that the lateral thigh be employed rather than the buttock. It now'seems that the lateral thigh is not entirely free from risk. The authors present


This study investigates if informed trading occur in the Norwegian options market prior to quarterly earnings announcements and if firm characteristics like high stock price level and investments in R&D e↵ect the extent of such trading. Prior research suggests that informed traders may cause option prices to systematically deviate from the put-call parity by imposing price pressure on certain options. Price pressures materialize through an implied volatility spread which has been found to predict equity returns, especially during major information events. The implied volatility spread is investigated and results indicate that informed investors use the options market to act on their private information, but only when they expect a favorable market reaction to the earnings disclosure. High stock price level and investments in R&D are not found to e↵ect the extent of informed trading ex-ante.


The plant tissue feeding of Anopheles sergentii Theobald, An. claviger Meigen, Culex pipiens Forskal and Aedes caspius Pallas (Diptera: Culicidae) was investigated. The relative frequency of plant feeding was compared to the general intake of sugar in different seasons and in different habitats in Israel. The study shows that mosquitoes feed on sugar-poor plant tissue in the lack of better options. Optimal conditions were in the sugar-rich En Fesha oasis, where plant tissue was found in only 0.3% of An. sergentii females, and, except for the winter, about 80% of females were sugar positive and the gut content was equivalent to 72.3 � 1.6 mg sucrose. By contrast, in the dry season in the desert, guts of 46.3% An. sergentii females contained plant tissue residues, only 46.0% were sugar positive, and the gut-content was less than a tenth, the equivalent of 5.6 � 0.9 mg sucrose. Age grouping of contemporary, desert An. sergentii showed that the growing population consisted mostly of newly emerged adults, as 80.2% of the females were nulliparous and only 12.1% of them survived one gono- trophic cycle.


Fictitious masses are used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of modal-based structural analyses that involve substructure synthesis, local excitation, and local structural changes. New formulations, which allow easy applications in various subsequent analyses, are given for two categories of fictitious masses : regular and very large. Regular masses are of the order of entire substructures, whereas very large ones are several orders of magnitude larger. The regular fictitious masses are added to selected coordinates of the finite element model for normal-mode analysis, and then removed in a way that produces modes with local deformations near the selected points, in addition to the nominal natural vibration modes. Subsequent analyses of local nature can then be performed in the standard way. Very large masses are used to generate static constraint modes for fixed-boundary modal coupling, and broken modes are used for representing rigid-body relative motion between structural segments with application to loads analysis. The inclusion of fictitious masses as optional elements in standard structural dynamic procedures is facilitated.


The invention relates to a commercial dishwasher (1) which is designed as a batch dishwasher, wherein the dishwasher (1) comprises a treatment chamber (2), a washing system and a drying device (50). The drying means (50) comprises a a reversibly dehydratable dry material (52) comprising sorption unit (51) and at least one fan (53) for required forming an air circulation such that an air flow through the sorption unit (51) passed and then back to the treatment chamber ( 2) is supplied. The sorption unit (51) comprises a dry material (52) at least partially enclosing housing (54) having at least an outer wall (55). Further comprising means (56) for dividing the by the sorption unit (51) is provided for conducting the air stream, wherein the means (56) is formed, the by the sorption unit (51) for conducting air flow into a first partial air stream (57a), the at least partially through the desiccant material (52) is passed, and a second partial air flow to divide (57b) the not guided through the desiccant material (52) and for thermal insulation or cooling of the sorption unit (51) is used.


American system of public education, and considers current concerns and issues facing school administrators. The second section of the book deals with the development of educational administration and theories of administration. The relationship between education and external forces is stressed. Motivation theories, conflict theories, and systems theories are introduced. The roles of teachers, principals, and superintendents and their development are discussed in the next section. Also included is information on role expectation and job descriptions, as well as &dquo;one-day-in-the-life-of ' summaries. The section concludes with a comprehensive discussion of administrative teams. The author's final chapter describes the need for administrators to be futurists. He asserts that since the clients of our schools-our children-constitute the future, all administrators are making certain assumptions about the future whenever they plan. The book would be an excellent choice for use in any introductory course in educational administration. In addition, the practicing school administrator will find it a refreshing approach to a formerly well-trodden ground.


The synthesis of enantiomerically pure bis-cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes using chiral bis(oxazoline) ligands as C2-symmetric chiral auxiliaries is described. Bis(oxazolines) are versatile chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis but have not been applied to the resolution of racemic mixtures of transition-metal complexes. Due to their C2 symmetry, chiral bis(oxazolines) are particularly useful for the synthesis of nonracemic transition-metal complexes with lower symmetry, and this is demonstrated with the synthesis of an enantiomerically pure rhodium(III) complex containing two different cyclometalated ligands.


The generation of digital 3D models of archaeological finds can be followed by further products, applications and studies such as a semantic classification in order to organize the digitally documented finds and provide connections between 3D models and databases. In this contribution we present a methodology developed to assist the superintendence of archaeological excavations or sites in the digital classification, management and visualization of finds inside advanced database/repository. Our approach, divided in three mutually connected steps (modeling, segmentation and visualization), has been realized as general as possible and tested on different types of archaeological objects. Firstly a reality-based 3D model of a find is produced, using photogrammetry or active sensors. Secondly the geometric model is semi-automatically segmented and classified according to archaeological and architectural rules. The semantic classification of the finds is afterwards linked to an archaeological database to e.g. decide whether the object is constituted by original pieces or some of them belong to other finds and should be re-located. Finally the modeled and classified find is visualized in 3D open-source systems linked to an archaeological database. The visualization of the achieved results (3D models and thematic layers) is thus very useful for monitoring and updating intervention policies within the archaeological area. * Corresponding author.


Magnesium sulfate is a supplementary therapy strategy in pediatric asthma, its mechanisms includes inhibiting calcium ion from inflowing into respiratory muscle, reducing the release of the neurotransmitter in nerve-muscle junction and the depolarization of acetylcholine in the motor endplates, etc.Nebulised magnesium sulfate not only can improve the pulmonary function of the children with asthma, but also be safe and effetive.With the application of magnesium sulfate in adults, especially acute severe ones, its mechanisms, dosage, safety and efficiency of magnesium sulfate in pediatric asthma draw more attention.

Key words:
Asthma; Inhaled; Magnesium sulfate; Children


ALTHOUGH Bunnell (I956) writes that bloodvessel tumours are not infrequently encountered in the hand, it has not been possible to trace any comprehensive case reports of cavernous hlimangiomata of the hand without associated skin involvement. These tumours in the hand are rare and present an interesting differential diagnosis of swellings of the hand when the diagnosis is not made obvious by the involvement of overlying skin. This paper records the details of two patients with a cavernous hamangioma of the hand and discusses the present views on the etiology and management of these tumours.


From the early days of his career as actor, playwright and theatre manager, David Garrick (1717-1779) wrote a great deal of prologues and epilogues. His views were that they were necessary, although of little cultural significance, because of the publics interest in them. Garrick also published prologues and epilogues in various periodicals so as to advertise the plays which were produced in his theatre, which paradoxically contributed to their literary value.
 After Garrick's death, prologues and epilogues progressively lost the theatrical function they had played at the origins and eventually disappeared from the English stage in the first years of the nineteenth century.


Reusability consists of the ability to reuse existing, analogous or competitive design concepts, parts, systems, facilities and tooling. Reusability is a strategic enabler in supporting breakthrough efforts for achieving affordable customer-perceived product variety, and product freshness along with design and manufacturing cost reduction, development time reduction, and quality improvement. The present study describes a set of strategic management and planning tools to support long term technology, product and process development; to enhance business and engineering efficiency through reusability; and to build market-driven as well as cost-driven products. The tools, integrated into the strategic reusability planning and management process, will help product development teams to focus their development resources on the features that are the most valuable to the customer, and achieve the best balance between reuse and innovation. Thesis Supervisor: Don P. Clausing Title: Senior Lecturer


Reconstructive musculoskeletal surgery is important for preventing infections. Usually, antibiotics are used for this aim. The concentration of antibiotics must exceed MIC in the venous blood and bone marrow. In this study, we measured the concentration of Isepamicin of venous blood and bone marrow.The subjects consisted of 8 males and 1 female who underwent reconstruction of the rotator cuff. Their ages ranged from 36 to 66 years (average 54.6). Four hundred mg of Isepamicin was administered intravenously during 60 minutes. Their venous blood and bone marrow were taken immediately after the admistration, 30 minutes later, and 60 minutes later. The blood of the bone marrow was extracted from the bony sulcus made on the humeral head during the operation. The serum of the venous blood and bone marrow was measured to determine the concentration of the Isepamicin.There were no statistical significance between the Isepamicin concentrations of venous blood and bone marrow. They were higher than MIC to prevent infections in both venous blood and bone marrow. No side effects of Isepamicin were found in all cases. The shift to the bone marrow of Isepamicin administered intravenously was excellent.


ObjectiveTo determine the effects of intra-abdominal sepsis on polymorphonuclear leukocyte tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) receptor expression. DesignProspective, randomized comparison between patients undergoing elective colon surgery vs. patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. SettingTertiary-care center with all patients with intra-abdominal sepsis in a surgical ICU environment. PatientsGroup 1 (n = 7) represents control patients who underwent elective colon surgery without intra-abdominal sepsis. Group 2 (n = 10) represents patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. Measurements and Main ResultsPolymorphonuclear leukocyte TNF-α and IL-1β receptor expression ± stimulation of the oxidative burst was measured using 125I TNF-α and 125I IL-1β. Superoxide anion production and candicidal activity were measured in the presence of TNF-α and IL-1β. Group 2 patients expressed fewer TNF-α and IL-1β receptors on their cell surface, and stimulation of oxidative burst reduced TNF-α and IL-1β receptor expression in group 2 more than in group 1. Diminished TNF-α and IL-1β binding reduced superoxide anion production by group 2 polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Decreased TNF-α binding but not IL-1β, reduced polymorphonuclear leukocyte candicidal activity by group 2 polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Conclusionsa) Intra-abdominal sepsis reduces polymorphonuclear leukocyte TNF-α and IL-1β receptor expression. b)Expression of these surface receptors is altered by stimulation of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte oxidative burst. c) Diminished TNF-α and IL-1β receptor expression is associated with functional impairments in polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity. (Crit Care Med 1992; 20:11)


Objective To investigate CT characteristics of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) metastasis in patients with breast diseases. Methods Fifty-six lymph nodes in thirty-eight patients with breast diseases were detected by using double row detector CT. Histopathologic correlation was performed. Results~Metastatic lymph nodes were 29 and non-metastatic nodes were 27. There were 22 metastatic and 22 non-metastatic lymph nodes respectively among 44 lymph nodes with maximum diameter greater than 10 mm. ~25 lymph nodes were metastatic and 24 nodes were non-metastatic among 49 lymph nodes with minimum diameter greater than 5 mm. 21 metastatic and 1 non-metastatic lymph nodes had solid change. 7 out of ~8 metastatic lymph nodes had irregular cortex in the presence of hilum, while only 2 out of 26 non-metastatic lymph nodes had irregular cortex. Conclusion The metastasis of ALNs has poor correlation with its maximum or minimum diameter. The absence of the hila, irregular cortex, and adjacent fat tissue changes of the ALNs in patients with breast cancer are probably indicative of metastasis. Spiral CT is the modality of choice for the assessment of ALNs in patients with breast cancer.


The key elements for atom interferometers are atomic beam splitters and recombiners. An atomic beam splitter separates a single atomic wave function into a superposition state corresponding to two center of mass wavepackets that propagate in different spatial directions and a recombiner reunites the atomic beams. We report here on the investigation of 1) an atomic beam splitter with large separation angle based on the optical Stern Gerlach effect, 2) an atomic mirror based on the reflection of atoms by different types of evanescent waves (a simple evanescent wave and a surface plasmon wave), 3) an atomic beam splitter realized by the partial spatial reflection of an atom by an evanescent wave and 4) diffraction of atoms by a standing evanescent wave.


CO{sub 2} capture and storage (CCS) presents a challenge to long-range planners, economic interests, regulators, law-makers, and other stakeholders and decision makers. To improve and optimize the use of limited resources and finances, it is important to define an end state for CCS. This ends state should be defined around desired goals and reasonable timelines for execution. While this definition may have substantial technology, policy or economic implications, it need not be prescriptive in terms of technology pathway, policy mechanism, or economic targets. To illustrate these concerns, this paper will present a credible vision of what an end state for North American might look like. From that, examples of key investment and planning decisions are provided to illustrate the value of end-state characterization.


The immune‐suppressive tumor microenvironment promotes metastatic spread and outgrowth. One of the major contributors is tumor‐associated myeloid cells. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating their differentiation and function are not well understood. Here we report lamin A/C, a nuclear lamina protein associated with chromatin remodeling, was one of the critical regulators in cellular reprogramming of tumor‐associated myeloid cells. Using myeloid‐specific lamin A/C knockout mice and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models, we discovered that the loss of lamin A/C drives CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytic lineage differentiation, alters the production of inflammatory chemokines, decreases host antitumor immunity, and increases metastasis. The underlying mechanisms involve an increased H3K4me3 leading to the upregulation of transcription factors (TFs) Gfi‐1 and C/EBPε. Decreased lamin A/C and increased Gfi‐1 and C/EBPε were also found in the granulocytic subset in the peripheral blood of human cancer patients. Our data provide a mechanistic understanding of myeloid lineage differentiation and function in the immune‐suppressive microenvironment in TNBC metastasis.


The rapid decline of some salmonid populations in the Columbia River Basin led investigators to analyze spawner-recruit (SR) data in order to understand the potential gains of improving main-stem passage conditions and quantify the effectiveness of the juvenile transportation program. Direct measurements of passage survival and transportation were not always available, so instead, the researchers attempted to tease out the passage or transportation effects by using trends in production estimated from SR models. Small subsets of data, or even single observations, highly influenced the estimates of passage survival and transportation effectiveness derived from these models. For stream-type chinook salmon, deleting 1 of 13 stocks changed the estimate of main-stem passage survival from 11 to 34%. For ocean-type chinook salmon, the conclusion that transportation should be immediately halted hinged on a single observation. The Snake River salmon SR models starkly illustrate the importance of using influence dia...


It is known in the math education research community that understanding the concept of function is not trivial for many students, whether they are in high school or are college undergraduates [Briedenbach et al, 1992; Cuoco, 1993; Goldenberg, 1988; Leinhardt et al, 1990; Piaget et al, 1977; Sfard, 1992]. This paper focuses on the understanding of the concept of function as well, presenting a discussion on topological properties of functions. It contains an analysis of the mathematical concepts involved and of students' responses to questions dealing with topological properties. More specifically, in this paper I discuss students' mathematical thinking when they are asked to determine whether a property of a function is a topological property or not. Section 1 presents a discussion about topological properties and introduces the term a super-property, which refers to a property of properties of some entity. Section 2 describes the data sources for the cognitive discussion described in Section 3. The cognitive discussion is based on an analysis of the data according to three levels of abstraction. Briefly these three abstraction levels are related to three mathematical objects that students deal with (a set, a function, and a property-of-a-function) when they are asked to decide whether a property of a function is topological or not. The conclusion contains suggestions for further research.


Introduction, 438. — A full employment, Keynesian theory of a closed economy, 438. — The model with trade between two countries, 443. — The money markets: freely flexible exchange rates, 447; the international gold standard, 449, stability, 451. — Theory of tariffs, 452. — The transfer problem: financial transfer, 455; transfers that affect consumption, 457.


The invention relates to a towing fork truck for a highway and a railway and a driving method thereof. The towing fork truck comprises a fork truck body, the rear part of a tail directive wheel of the fork truck body is provided with a pair of liftable rear rail wheels controlled by a hydraulic transmission mechanism, the front part of a front driving wheel of the fork truck body is provided with a pair of front rail wheels which are fixed on a main frame and can lift with the swing of the main frame, a fork in the front of the fork truck is fixed with a base, the base is provided with a permanent seat which rotates around a vertical shaft fixed on the base, a shackle bar is fixed on the base, and the base and the top end of the vertical shaft respectively extend a supporting rod which is fixed with a fork lifter in the front of the fork body. The workers can realize the converting drive between on the road surface and the rail by simple operation, and the fork truck is particularly operated on trench platform position; when the fork truck draws different vehicles, the shackle bar does not need to be detached, the permanent seat is only rotated, and the needed shackle bar can be selected; and the fork truck has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, safe and reliable use, and the reduction of labor intensity of workers.


Adult Onthophagus depressus Harold constructed brood cells of cattle dung 15 to 30 cm below the soil surface. These brood cells averaged 23.1 mm long and 16.1 mm wide. Adult females deposited a single egg in the egg chamber of each brood cell. Eggs were 2.3 to 2.5 mm long and 1.1 to 1.4 mm wide. Embryonic development required 2.5 to 4.3 d; larval development (three instars) 27 d, and pupal development about 12 d. Development from egg to adult averaged 46.3 d at 25–27°C. Adult beetles were captured in all months except February with peak flight activity between 2000 and 2100 h (EST). Overwintering occurred in the adult and/or pupal stage in southern Georgia.


x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 The Entrepreneurial Field 2 CHAPTER 2: SETTING AND METHODS 14 Ethnography and Entrepreneurship 14 Genesis of the Idea 19 Getting Into the Field 25 Small Business Development Center (SBDÇ) 28 Ideal Types of Entrepreneurship 29 Gathering Reliable and Valid Empirical Evidence 31 Brief Historical Context of Entrepreneurship in Ames 33 Ames in the 1900s: Institutional and Cultural Growth 35 Ames in the 1990s: The Chamber and Ames Economic Development Commission 36 CHAPTER 3: CAPITALIST LIFESTYLES 46 Software Inc. 47 Rational Choices? 52 Networking for Profit 55 Caveat Emptor! 58 Capitalist Lifestyles 59 CHAPTER 4: EMBEDDED LIFESTYLES 68 Etrema Products Inc 68 Embedded Lifestyles 69 Secrets of the Iowa State University Research Foundation 72 "It's like playing poker with your whole damn life" 78 Growth Machine in Ames 83 Social Capitalists 87 Entrepreneurial Social Infrastructure 91 CHAPTER 5: CULTURAL LIFESTYLES 97 Venture Capitalist Culture 98 Culture as a Constraint or Opportunity 116


Safety factor maps can provide a visual summary of the events associated with accidents and incidents. Because they employ conceptual mapping techniques, they enable both a hierarchical and temporal representation of the antecedents of an adverse event. We describe the development of safety factor maps and a strategy to assess both the reliability and the validity of the maps that are constructed. Our initial findings suggest that they have the potential to improve the accessibility of the outcomes of investigation reports.


In an increasingly competitive environment, companies are led to develop their competitiveness, a development that requires the efficient management of the supply chain. Supply chain optimization has become a major challenge. Despite the Information Technologies Solutions (ITS) available, decisions about how to plan a company's supply chain still hard to make. This is due to the complexity of problems in a logistics network and to their stochastic aspect. Therefore, combined Simulation/Optimization techniques were widely used to cope with this stochasticity.
 This paper is a preliminary attempt to review some applications of optimization simulation in a supply chain context, state of art various algorithms and simulation tools used in this field.


Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute, immune-mediated, mucocutaneous disease, caused by several factors such as infections, drugs, malignancy, autoimmune disease, radiation, and immunization. The anesthetic concerns in these patients include possibility of difficult airway, intraoperative steroid supplementation, avoidance of precipitating drugs, intraoperative arrhythmias, perioperative skin, and eye care. A 13-year-old boy, a known case of EM with a history of recurrent ocular herpes and impaired vision along with fibrosis at the bilateral angle of the mouth underwent emergency open appendectomy under spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia with injection hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) is a safe and suitable alternative in a patient with EM with recurrent herpes simplex virus.


In the current study, the characteristics of heat transfer of a steady, two-dimensional, stagnation point, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of shear thickening Casson fluid on an exponentially vertical shrinking/stretching surface are examined in attendance of convective boundary conditions. The impact of the suction parameter is also considered. The system of governing partial differential equations (PDEs) and boundary conditions is converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the suitable exponential similarity variables of transformations and then solved using the shooting method with the fourth order Runge–Kutta method. Similarity transformation is an important class of phenomena in which scale symmetry allows one to reduce the number of independent variables of the problem. It should be noted that solutions of the ODEs show the symmetrical behavior of the PDES for the profiles of velocity and temperature. Similarity solutions are obtained for the case of stretching/shrinking and suction parameters. It is revealed that there exist two ranges of the solutions in the specific ranges of the physical parameters, three solutions depend on the opposing flow case where stagnation point (A) should be equal to 0.1, two solutions exist when λ1 = 0 where λ1 is a mixed convection parameter and A > 0.1, and a single solution exists when λ1 > 0. Moreover, the effects of numerous applied parameters on velocity, temperature distributions, skin friction, and local Nusselt number are examined and given through tables and graphs for both shrinking and stretching surfaces.


This work presents a coaxial transmission line constructed with additive manufacturing (3D printing) technologies. The coaxial structure is primarily air dielectric and, thus, is relatively low loss and is capable of high frequency transmission, demonstrating good transmission above 10~GHz. Additionally, a first order band-pass filter is demonstrated along with a comparison to an equivalent planar (microstrip) filter. This process provides a template for designing coaxial interconnects which is far cheaper and flexible for the designer than traditional methodologies. The loss of the completed design is measured to be 0.78~dB in a 50~mm long section at 10~GHz (0.16~dB/cm). Simulated and measured results are shown.


The factors influencing physical activity participation in children are varied, although there is evidence that the educational level of parents may be one important factor. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of parental education on the level of physical activity and the sedentary behavior of their children. The parents of 727 students, separated based on school group (preschool: n = 179; primary: n = 284; secondary: n = 230; high: n = 34), were invited to complete a series of questionnaires assessing their educational level (low, intermediate, and high) and their child's level of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Primary school students with high- and intermediate-educated parents were found to engage in significantly more physical activity per week and spent more time engaged in homework than children with lower-educated parents. Secondary school students with higher-educated parents were found to spend significantly less time engaged in sedentary behavior than children with lower- or intermediate-educated parents, and high schoolers with higher-educated parents engaged in less tablet time than children with lower-educated parents. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that greater physical activity was precipitated by certain sedentary behaviors in children with more educated parents, such as total time watching TV (primary school), doing homework (secondary school), and total time using a tablet/similar (high school), which increased total time engaged in physical activity. These findings suggest that more educated parents may implement structured time for their children to engage in a balance of physical activity and sedentary behaviors.


Abuse of topical corticosteroids (TC), especially over the face, is common not only in Bangladesh but also prevalent worldwide. Data about the magnitude of this problem in our country is lacking. The aims of this study were to find out the demographics, magnitude and clinical features of TC misuse on the face in the dermatology outpatient department (OPD) as well as to raise awareness about this problem and to analyze its causes. This was a prospective questionnaire-based clinical study conducted among the garment's workers who visited the out patient department of a non government medical college hospital. Garments workers with relevant facial dermatoses reporting to the investigator were asked about their current use of over-the-counter topical formulations and a structured questionnaire applied in case the same was confirmed to be TC. A total of 895 garment's workers with facial dermatoses were screened, of which 129 (14.41%) were using TC. TCs were used for treating acne in 53 (41.0%), as a lightening agent in melasma in 34 (26.4%), general face cream/fairness cream/after shave cream in 21 (16.3%). Steroid combinations were used by 84 (65.12%). Most of the patients (n =90; 70%) belonged to rural areas, followed by those hailing from suburban areas (n = 31; 24%).15 out of 22 (68%) prescriptions by doctors were for products in the milder steroid group, whereas 98 of 107 (91.6%) recommendations by non-physicians were for potent steroids (P< 0.001). 118 of the 129 patients (91.5%) have shown adverse effects. Acne/exacerbation of acne was the most common adverse effect. TC misuse in garment's workers with facial dermatoses is quite common, and most of this use is unwarranted. Use as a treatment for acne is the most common indication in this cohort. Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(1): 23-26


The aim of this study was to relate the isometric strength of the rotators and the ability to activate the transversus abdominis muscle (TrA) between 15 handball athletes (GA) and 15 college students (GC) (22 ± 1.64 years). All were subjected to evaluation of the ability of TrA activation by pressure biofeedback unit, and of the ability to activate the muscle internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators with the break test through the Modified Sphygmomanometer. Results showed significant correlation between the strength of the TrA and ER GA (r = 0.68, p = 0.005). There were significant differences between GA and GC for activation of TrA, IR and ER (p <0.05). We conclude that the practice of handball improves the activation of TrA in proportion to the magnitude of activation of ER.


To enhance current diagnostic methods used when assessing a depressed individual, an objective screening mechanism, ideally based on non-intrusive behavioral signals, is needed. Given the clinical description of depression speech as `dull, monotonous and flat' and promising previous results from spectral features, we hypothesize that the effects of depression on speech are embedded in spectro-temporal events. To test this hypothesis we explore different methodologies, based on the modulation spectrum, for extracting long-term spectro-temporal information from speech and assess their suitability as a clinical marker of depression. Results indicate that: depressive speech information is captured in the modulation spectrum, long-term spectro-temporal information is important in depressed speech identification and there are potential differences in the effects that depression and psychomotor retardation have on speech production mechanisms.


Total lysine and available lysine were used For predicting the damage to lysine in soya protein heated with glucose and in alkali. The amounts of both types of lysine decreased during the treatments. The content of total lysine was much higher than that of available lysine. In soya protein heated with glucose, the available lysine content decreased by 78-85 % and that of total lysine by 17-40 %. In soya protein heated in alkali, available lysine decreased by 7-24% and total lysine by 7-13%. Since available lysine was more sensitive, changes in total lysine underestimated the nutritional damage.


The study assesses borehole water quality from the 22 wards of Bali Local Government. This was aimed at evaluating the portability of the water for human consumption and analysis of the spatiotemporal variation of borehole water quality in Bali Local Government Area. A total of 22 water samples were collected from boreholes during the dry and rainy seasons, the physical and chemical analysis of the water samples were carried out using a Palintest Photometre 5000 following the guideline as contained in the instruction manual. The result of the analysis reveals that Turbidity with an average value of 17.10mg/L, Fluoride (1.74mg/L), Chlorine (107.80mg/L), Ammonia (21.89mg/L) and copper (10.33mg/L) are above the WHO and SON standards. The implications of ingestion of these contaminants include Gastro-Intestinal distress, liver or kidney damage and other health implications. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Public health institutions should intensify the awareness and enlightenment to water users on home based water treatment techniques. Keywords : Groundwater, Mean Value Test, Water Quality, SON, WHO Standard


Biliary Epithelial Cells Development and Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Intrahepatic Biliary Epithelial Cells, Douglas C. Hixson and Lizeth C. Fowler The Regulation of Intrahepatic Biliary Epithelial Cell Transport, Vijayan Balan and Nicholas F. LaRusso Ion Transporters that Regulate Intracellular pH and Secretion in Bile Duct Epithelial Cells, Mario Strazzabosco and James L. Boyer Biology and Pathophysiology of CFTR and Other Cl Channels in Biliary Epithelial Cells, J. Gregory Fitz and Jonathan A. Cohn Immunopathology of the Human Biliary Tree, Anthony J. Demetris Xeonbiotic Metabolism and Toxic Responses of Intrahepatic Bilary Epithelium, Jeffrey A. Handler and Robin S. Goldstein Ductular Metaplasia of Hepatocytes, Peter Van Eyken and Valeer Desmet Cholangiocarcinogenesis and Biliary Adaptation Responses in Hepatic Injury, Alphonse E. Sirica, Teresa W. Gainey, Melissa B. Harrell, and Nichole Caran Pathobiology of Human Intrahepatic Peribiliary Glands, Tadashi Terada and Yasuni Nakanuma Pancreatic Duct Epithelium Development and Differentiation of Pancreatic Duct Epithelium, Sherwood Githens Regulation and Formation of Fluid and Electrolyte Secretions by Pancreatic Ductal Epithelium, Barry E. Argent and Michael A. Gray CFTR and the Pathophysiology of Pancreatic Disease in Cystic Fibrosis, Christopher R. Marino Immunological Properties of Pancreatic Ductal Cells, Michael A. Hollingsworth Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxic Responses in Pancreatic Duct Epithelial Cells, Terence Lawson and Carol H. Kolar Pancreatic Hepatocytes: A Unique Adaptation of Pancreatic Ductular (Oval) Cells to Severe Acinar Cell Loss, M. Sambasiva Rao and Janardan K. Reddy In Vitro Carcinogenesis of Pancreatic Duct Cells, Dante G. Scarpelli, Kathy A. Mangold, Susan Hubchak, Kuo-Wei Chang, and Sergio Laconi Molecular Pathology of Pancreatic Duct Neoplasms, Nicholas R. Lemoine Carcinogenesis and Pathology of Carcinomas in the Pancreas: Comparison with the Biliary Tract, Daniel S. Longnecker and Pamela G. Terhune


The effect of boundary conditions on the bending, vibrations, and buckling of unsymmetrically laminated rectangular plates is in vestigated. Five sets of boundary conditions corresponding to various clamped and simply-supported edges are treated. The effect of in- plane boundary conditions is shown to be a function of fiber orienta tion within the laminate. Numerical results also show that the effects of bending-extensional coupling can be severe for all the boundary conditions considered. The applicability of the reduced-bending- stiffness approximation is also explored.


ABSTRACT The influence of temperature on the microstructure and physical properties of corundum refractory for blast furnace are investigated by a high-temperature test. The results show mullite and glass phases are generated by the in situ reaction in the matrix of corundum brick under high temperature. With the increase in temperature, the net structure is gradually formed in the matrix, and the multi-porous entirety is finally formed in the matrix at 1500°C. The cold compressive strength of corundum sample increases first and then decreases with the increase in temperature. The flexural strength of corundum sample is the highest at 1150°C, while with further increasing of temperature, the flexural strength of corundum sample decreases. The apparent porosity of corundum sample is the lowest at room temperature, but the apparent porosity of corundum sample fluctuates within the same level after the temperature exceeded 1150°C.


2018 marks the bicentenary of the death of Humphry Repton, one of the most important and prolific of English landscape designers. Repton made a particularly significant contribution to the landscape of Hertfordshire, working at no less than eighteen places in the county, ranging in size from great mansions like Cashiobury and Panshanger to more modest 'villas' owned by wealthy businessmen and industrialists, such as Wood Hill in Essendon. This book – the fruits of many years of research by members of the Hertfordshire Gardens Trust Research Group – describes in detail all of these commissions, assessing in each case the extent to which Repton's ideas were actually implemented and how much survives of them on the ground today. Particular attention is given to those places for which Repton prepared one of his famous 'Red Books', such as Tewin Water, Lamer House, New Barnes and Wall Hall. But sites where Repton's contribution is less well documented are also discussed, including Organ Hall and Hilfield House in Aldenham, Cashiobury Park and The Grove in Watford, Brookmans Park, Bedwell Park, Wyddial Hall, and Marchmont House in Hemel Hempstead. In all cases, the book presents complete transcriptions of all the key documents relating to Repton's activities, including the full text of seven Red Books.


Freezing human milk is recommended to inactivate cytomegalovirus (CMV). A case of a preterm infant exclusively receiving frozen breast milk from his CMV seropositive mother showed that storage of breast milk for two months at −20°C did not prevent symptomatic postnatal CMV infection.


The utility model discloses a steel-wire guide clamp for fracture, which belongs to the technical field of medical equipment. The steel-wire guide clamp for fracture comprises two clamp bodies hinged together through a rotating shaft, and a clamp arm and a clamp handle are respectively arranged at the front side and the back side of the rotating shaft. The steel-wire guide clamp is characterized in that: two ports of the clamp arm are jointed to form an arc shape; a groove communicated with the port is arranged on the upper end surface of the clamp arm; the grooves on the two clamp arms are communicated with each other; a steel-wire opening is arranged on the groove closing to the rotating shaft; and a plurality of positioning plates are arranged above the groove. The steel-wire guide clamp for fracture has simple structure, convenient use and reasonable design, can not damage the surrounding tissue of the fracture site, is beneficial for healing of the fracture, and is suitable for wide popularization.


The changing dynamics of consumer behavior and market demands have made marketers provide innovative customer solutions, which have led to the emergence of different trends in product branding and positioning in the marketplace. As, marketing implies the developing relationship between consumers and their preferred brand, thus presence of strong brand and creation strong brand is top priority for many organizations. A strong brand always satisfies customers. It is the most powerful block of brand resonance. Therefore, the strongest brands will be those to which customers become so attached that they, in effect, become evangelistic and actively seek means to interact with the brand and eagerly share their experiences with others. On the basis of above views we can say that the brand resonance refers to the relationship between brand and its users including consumers' willingness to purchase and to recommend to others. The power of a brand lies in the minds of consumers, in the effect of what they have experienced and learned about the brand on their responses to the brand over time. It could help predict repurchase intention, future earnings and firm value in various markets. This conceptual paper highlights impact of consumer buying behaviour on brand resonance and also narrates meaning of brand resonance with extent customer–brand relationship. And lastly concluded with a discussion of the issues involved in deciding whether consumer behavior needs to be assessed exhaustively to find new ways of ensuring brand resonance with some examples.


C lavicular fractures are common injuries in adolescents and adults alike, representing 35–45% of all fractures in the shoulder girdle area. Distal third fractures represent about 15–25% of clavicular fractures. Traditional conservative treatment methods are based on the premise that there is a fairly wide range of acceptance for malunion in these fractures. Recent Level I evidence showed that improved rates of union and functional outcomes arise from the operative treatment of those injuries involving significant displacement or shortening in which shoulder function is adversely affected. In particular, group II, type IIB clavicular fractures in which the coracoclavicular ligaments are disrupted have been shown to have higher rates of malunion than the more common group I fractures. The malunion rate in type IIB distal third clavicular fractures is likely related to the increased deforming muscular forces towards the lateral end of the clavicle in combination with the entire weight of the upper extremity depressing the distal broken segment. For this reason, initial operative treatment of these fractures is warranted to improve both functional outcome and the rate of osseous union. Multiple operative options have been described for fixation to achieve these two overall goals including the hookplate device, Kirschner wire fixation, coracoclavicular screws and coracoclavicular sling procedures using various suture materials. Arthroscopically-assisted procedures recently have been described to treat these injuries, but these techniques treat the coracoclavicular ligaments and superior-inferior restraints and may not adequately treat anterior-posterior stability needed for optimal osseous healing. Presently, there is no standard operative option that affords anatomic fracture fixation, restoration of the superior-inferior and anterior-posterior stability of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, avoidance of the potential for hardware irritation or complications (and subsequent removal) and minimal surgical dissection. We present a new arthroscopically assisted-technique of operative fixation of displaced group II, type IIB distal clavicular fractures using the TightRope system (Arthrex;


The LMRE is an important device for railway maintenance, the LMRETB is designed for testing the LMRE lifting high, lifting pressure and sinkage after keeping pressure 3 minutes. Firstly, the test index is given and the measure working process is described. Secondly, the position measure method is proposed, the calibration is used in the position measure progress, and the forecasting compensation is studied for deducing the position measuring error. Lastly, the pressure measure calibration method is presented in this paper. The measure experiments results show that the LMRETB works reliably, the measure processes is accurate, and the position measure method and the pressure measure method are feasible, and the LMRETB may meet the test index.


The invention discloses an efficient improved FSPSO (Particle Swarm Optimization based on prey behavior of Fish Schooling). According to the efficient improved FSPSO, an intelligent behavior is simulated, and current globally-optimal particles search for current globally-superior positions through own optimal position information provided by a minority of other random particles. When fish schooling is attacked by other predators, weak fish which cannot escape quickly is eaten. The behaviors are simulated, weak particles close to current globally-worst particles are replaced with particles which are generated randomly, so that the diversity of the schooling is improved, and a local optimum can be effectively avoided by the FSPSO. The efficient improved FSPSO can be particularly applied to the solving process of complicated optimization problems such as function optimization and knapsack problems, traveling salesman problems, assembly line work problems and graph and image processing problems.


Investigation was carried out to study the movement of NH 4 + -N, NO 3 - - N, P and K from the briquette in soil with and without sugarcane crop at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The movement of NH 4 +-N and NO 3 - -N was 20 cm vertically and 15 cm horizontally from the point of placement (10cm deep). The movement of P was restricted upto 5 cm horizontally and 12.5 cm vertically from the point of placement. Whereas, K movement was upto 15 cm horizontally and 20 cm vertically from the point of placement. In general the movement of NH 4 + -N, NO 3 --N, P and K from the briquette was : downward > lateral > upward in both with and without plant plots at all intervals, while movement of K in plot with and without plant was upward > lateral > downward except in without plant plot at 30, 60 and 90 days where the movement was: downward > lateral > upward. The concentration of NH 4 + -N, NO 3 - -N, P and K was higher in plot without plant than with plant plot which indicated utilisation of N, P and K by plant and the supply of N, P and K lasted upto 90 days as increased uptake of NPK was observed upto 90 days.


Purpose: According to the Bulgarian National Cancer Registry of 2017, breast cancer accounted for 26.8% of all malignancies among women. The actual incidence rate was 108.1 per 100 000. Materials/ Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted among breast cancer patients diagnosed and treated at Dr Marko Markov Specialised Hospital for Treatment of Oncologic Diseases (SHTOD) - Varna, between 2016 and 2019. Descriptive statistics and collected data included demographic characteristics, clinical data (survival rates) and type of pharmacotherapy. Results: In terms of gender distribution, significantly more women were affected, accounting for approximately 99.05%. Patients from cities were almost 7 times more than those from villages. Patients aged between 61 and 70 represented the largest number, which accounted for 28.04% of all included in the study. Conclusion: Taking into consideration not only the efficiency but also the cost-effectiveness of available treatment strategies can lead to considerably better therapeutic outcomes. There is no pharmacoeconomic data analysis in Bulgaria. A further study of all direct and indirect costs is required in order to estimate the cost of premature death, reduced working capacity and disability.


Address to Klyuchevsky's heritage for the modern researcher is actualized by the state of the historic knowledge. Klyuchevsky's approaches are consonant in a great deal with the positions of the modern historical science. This refers to the problem of cultural dialogue in space and time. Works of the historian contain a rich material about the cultural dialogue in the history of Russia. Especial interest is the development of cultural dialogue in the crucial moments of Russian history, which include the seventeenth century. This article analyzes the factors that the essential features of the Western influence on the eve of the Enlightenment. It is resumed that the approaches of V. O. Klyuchevsky to the study of the sources, nature and the consequences of the cultural dialogue with the West European world make it possible to reveal the specific socio-cultural dynamics in the seventeenth century and its influence on the course of Russian history.


As the number of people migrating from many different countries to South Africa constantly increases, there is bound to be immense tension between the immigrants and the citizens for many and different reasons. Within this context, the South African Church is expected to play a critical role in bringing peace and unity between the immigrants and the natives. In responding to the proposed challenge, this article submits that the Church has a God-given role of uniting immigrants and native South Africans by utilising Ephesians 2:11–22. This conception arises from locating Ephesians 2:11–22 in the broader context of Scripture. In so doing, the article submits that the role of the Church entails both preaching and practising the social aspects of the vertical (God's reconciliation with humans) and the horizontal (human to human reconciliation) reconciliation that were accomplished by the redemptive work of Jesus Christ. That is to say, the Church should be perceived as the agent of God in uniting the immigrants and the native South Africans by proclaiming the doctrine of vertical and horizontal reconciliation to Christians and non-Christians in both word and deeds.Interdisciplinary implication: This is an interdisciplinary article that conducts a thorough exegetical work on Ephesians 2:11–22. Thereafter, the article alludes to relevant biblical passages to draw some ensuing social implications of Ephesians 2:11–22 in easing the existing tensions between immigrants and native South Africans. In bringing the aforesaid together, the former aspect of the article falls within biblical studies, while the latter falls within practical-missional theology.


In recent years,the IDC business is growing rapidly,the operator IDC bandwidth requirements increasingly urgent,but IDC network construction due to restrictions group design cycle fixed,transmission resource,its aging equipment and other objective conditions,there will be network access ability and meet market demand differences. This paper is mainly about China Unicom Ji'nan branch IDC how in the short term can not increase the export capacity of the circumstances,how to integrate and optimize resources,fully tap potential,not only to ensure the reliable and stable current stage of the network,and provide a certain period of business expansion ability.


For the first time, a compact hydrophobic layer composed of a macromolecular polymer was applied to inhibit the inactivation of cuprous oxide.