This paper aims to summarize a new alert issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC's) Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations ("OCIE"), highlighting the most common compliance issues relating to Rule 206(4)-1 (the "Advertising Rule") under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Advisers Act").,This study describes the compliance issues highlighted in the risk alert. OCIE identified these compliance issues as part of its "Touting Initiative," an examination initiative launched in 2016 to examine the adequacy of disclosures that advisers provided to their clients when touting awards, promoting ranking lists and/or identifying professional designations (collectively, "accolades") in their marketing materials. The OCIE based its findings on deficiency letters resulting from over 1,000 adviser examinations.,The risk alert provides guidance to advisers who are reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of their compliance programs in light of the Advertising Rule.,This study provides practical guidance from experienced investment-fund lawyers. Although most experienced people in the industry will not be shocked by anything in the alert, the alert is a helpful reminder about the SEC's continuing focus on these issues.


According to requirements of online monitoring for the working conditions of Shearer ,this article describes a monitoring network system of shearer based on DSP. The system uses a distributed sensor network and DSP technology which are better able to complete the data acquisition and data processing tasks and to get a more accurate real-time shearer signal parameters.


Size has been a traditional measure of a library for many years. How many books were held, how many people were served, and how much money was spent were all ways to determine if a library was successful. That has changed recently. University administrations and public officials are looking more closely at how well libraries serve their users and how well libraries manage their resources. This paper will describe some current projects that seek to highlight new methods for assessing library performance and show how these new measures will help libraries demonstrate their efficiency and effectiveness.


Like most experiments, the merger of Germany will likely be messy. But in time, a united Germany will emerge that is an industrial and technological powerhouse like nothing Europe has seen before.


With the increasing number of electrical and electronic systems in automobiles, safety issues are particularly important. Safety of the intended functionality is an important part of it, and it solves the safety risks caused by avoiding intended functions. This paper takes the active obstacle avoidance function of the autonomous driving truck as an example, through the STPA analysis method, analyzes the intended functional safety requirements corresponding to the front-view camera, and lays the foundation for the subsequent validation and verification of the requirements.


If the chromatic number of Euclidean plane is larger than four, but it is known that the chromatic number of planar graphs is equal to four, then how does one explain it? In my opinion, they are contradictory to each other. This idea leads to confirm the chromatic number of the plane about its exact value.


................................................................................................................................8 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................5 The topic ............................................................................................................................5 Objectives ..........................................................................................................................6 Research challenges and their importance .......................................................................6 Limits of the study .............................................................................................................7 Methodology ........................................................................................................................8 Architecture of the prototype ..........................................................................................8 The Limited modality (*).............................................................................................10 The Full modality (**) .................................................................................................10 Architecture of the experiment .....................................................................................13 The training phase.......................................................................................................14 The test ........................................................................................................................14 Results.................................................................................................................................15 Limited modality .............................................................................................................15 Full modality ...................................................................................................................17 Discussion ...........................................................................................................................22 Conclusions .........................................................................................................................25 References ..........................................................................................................................26 Annex 1 ...............................................................................................................................28 Annex 2 ...............................................................................................................................29 Abstract The main objective of Geographic Information and Visual Perception project (GI&VP), and of the present study, was to offer a device composed of a suite of tools and based on gaze integration to support the work of photo-interpreters involved in remotely sensed imagery exploration for rapid crisis response and damage assessment applications. The system based on eye tracking technology was conceived to improve the interpreter accuracy and effectiveness. Our research challenge was to test the accuracy and the effectiveness during a non-standard photo-interpretation procedure: in the case of accuracy, we were interested in the number of clicks and in their correct assignment; in the case of effectiveness, we evaluated the interpreter's ocular behavior and the actions performed using the tools at his/her disposal, designed in the prototype. This experiment, and the theoretic perspective in which it was conceived, expressed the attempt to carry out a collaborative work scenario combining human and computer cooperation in order to minimize each others limitations. Therefore, an important research challenge was trying to assess how much the human relies on the computer automatic extraction, and, on the other hand, how much the computer can be a support to the human.The main objective of Geographic Information and Visual Perception project (GI&VP), and of the present study, was to offer a device composed of a suite of tools and based on gaze integration to support the work of photo-interpreters involved in remotely sensed imagery exploration for rapid crisis response and damage assessment applications. The system based on eye tracking technology was conceived to improve the interpreter accuracy and effectiveness. Our research challenge was to test the accuracy and the effectiveness during a non-standard photo-interpretation procedure: in the case of accuracy, we were interested in the number of clicks and in their correct assignment; in the case of effectiveness, we evaluated the interpreter's ocular behavior and the actions performed using the tools at his/her disposal, designed in the prototype. This experiment, and the theoretic perspective in which it was conceived, expressed the attempt to carry out a collaborative work scenario combining human and computer cooperation in order to minimize each others limitations. Therefore, an important research challenge was trying to assess how much the human relies on the computer automatic extraction, and, on the other hand, how much the computer can be a support to the human.


Since the 2010 IAEA-FEC Conference, FTU has exploited improvements in cleaning procedures and in the density control system to complete a systematic exploration of access to high-density conditions in a wide range of plasma currents and magnetic fields. The line-averaged densities at the disruptive limit increased more than linearly with the toroidal field, while no dependence on plasma current was found, in fact the maximum density of 4.3×10 m was reached at B = 8 T even at the minimum current of 0.5 MA, corresponding to twice the Greenwald limit. The lack of plasma current dependence is due to the increase of density peaking with the safety factor. Experiments with the 140 GHz ECRH system were focused on the sawtooth period control and on the commissioning of the new launcher with real-time-steering capability that will act as the front-end actuator of a real time system for sawtooth period control and tearing modes stabilization. Various ECRH and ECCD modulation schemes have been used; with the fastest one, the sawtooth period synchronized with the 8 ms modulation period. The observed period variations were simulated using the JETTO code with a critical shear model for the crash trigger. The new launcher is of the plug-in type, allowing quick insertion and connection to the transmission line. Both beam characteristics and steering speed were in line with design expectation. Experimental results on the connection between improved coupling of lower hybrid waves in high-density plasmas and reduced wave spectral broadening have been interpreted by fully kinetic, non-linear model calculations. The effect of wall conditioning by lithium on MHD activities has been studied by comparing discharges with and without lithium conditioning at low-q and at the density limit. In both cases lithium conditioning has the same effect of reducing MHD modes associated with edge cooling by light impurities as a careful wall preparation. Experiments with the liquid lithium limiter inserted in the SOL, which have shown the formation of a radiative belt that acts as a virtual toroidal limiter, have been interpreted by the edge code TECXY as an effect of strong radiation from Li+ ions in non-coronal equilibrium.


A. B. Yehoshua, who passed away recently, was one of the pillars of Israeli literature, and his death marks the end of a generation of authors, among them Amos Oz, who, each in his own way, took the role of "the watchman over the house of Israel," by contemplating and often criticizing, in their works and in their political and cultural activity, the "Israeli condition." This integrative volume presents a finegrained analysis of Yehoshua's stance as a writer who targets historical and cultural dilemmas in Jewish and Israeli existence. It shows that although Yehoshua's work as a whole is heterogenic—it ranges from short stories to novellas and novels, from nonrealistic to realistic, from first person to third person to polyphonic strategies, and from historical novels to contemporary settings—there is a deepseated unity as though all of Yehoshua's narratives had been coded in the same way.


The perforation/sandproof composite tcchnique is a new sand control tcchnique for oil well. Combined multiple techniques such as perforation, controlled pulse fracturing and mechanical sand control together, it perforates in formation and impels sand proof material into perforation tunnel to form permanent sand proof plug in several milliseconds, using the energy from perforating cartridge explosion and assistant propellant deflagration. Such a technique is simple, economical and convenient in manipulation, and has enormous economic benefit and wide marketable prospect. This paper presents a new symmetric perforation/sandproof composite technique for small oil wells,describes its charge structure, working principle and basic requirements, and emphasizes some problems that should been noticed during the design and operation. Examples are given to show the sand control effect achieved by this technique from four testing wells in Block Du 84.


A sound-insulating lightweight ceramics with "pseudo-open" porosity was obtained from calcite-zeolite rock using energy-saving procedure. A thorough analysis of chemical processes occurring during material preparation revealed that decomposition of CaCO3 with extensive gas release destroys cellular structure of thermally softened material. The latter, however, can be overpassed by proper alkali activation, which leads to transformation of CaCO3 into sodium carbonates (like trona and thermonatrite) with lower decomposition temperature. The reported results suggest that quality lightweight ceramics with sound-insulating properties can be obtained even from poorly zeolitized rocks with high CaCO3 content previously treated as unsuitable for such application.


This article discussed the influence of FA fineness on the production performance and usability through the autoclaved aerated concrete slurry gas foaming curve and basic physical properties of blocks; meanwhile, studied the influence of different fineness FA on the composition and morphology of hydration products through X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopic analysis, The results show that in the cement-fly ash-lime system autoclaved aerated concrete, the higher fineness of FA, the more water it need, and more sensitive the slurry presents; when the FA residue decrease from 17.8% to 8% through a 0.045mm square hole sieve screen, its specific surface area enlarge from 325m2/Kg to 388m2/Kg, the autoclaved aerated concrete specific strength increase by 53.24% and 40.96% in the case of the same ratio of water and resemble extended degree, respectively. Keep on increasing FA fineness does harm to its specific strength. The crystallinity of tobermorite, which is the main hydration products of autoclaved aerated concrete decreases with the increasing of FA fineness, however, crystallite size become larger.


Aim  Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is a minimal invasive treatment that can be performed in the outpatient clinic. This is a pilot study to investigate PTNS in the treatment of faecal incontinence.


(Received on 16/10/2016 & Accepted on 18/1/2017)  Abstract: The Critique is a tool for the development of architectural production , And when that criticism in architecture depends on the parties : (Critic , Receiver , and Output ), And there is a dialogue going on between the critic and the receiver , The process depends on the acceptance or refusal, Therefore it is necessary to put a tool for Persuasion the receiver , This tool practiced by the critic to be able to Persuasion the recipient to accept the views put forward , So the process of persuasion in the critique consisting of several stimuli to criticism in general , Some of them give positive results and the other negative. The objective of the research to identify the methods of persuasion in Critique academic and sort of know any more possible ways to create a constructive criticism of the party during the second response (Receiver) to the critic, To be the research problem (There is a knowledge gap on how to convince the architectural critic of the designer in Actual Architectural Academy), The main draw of the vocabulary part of the theoretical research of the concepts related to research and previous studies, And then conducted the practical application of academic projects on one final study phase, And then go out the results and then conclusions, which belongs to The researcher found that the criticism persuade process is done through Analysis ,Technology means ,negotiation and attractions of the designer with many ways and skills to be enjoyed by architectural critic.


Sir, During routine patient assessment at our voice clinic, a valuable adjunct to routine vocal cord examination has been discovered which we would like to share with the readers. Systematic assessment of the hypopharynx using fibreoptic endoscopy is well documented, and additional techniques have been found to improve visualisation from tongue protrusion, making a trumpet and saying 'eee'. The method of head extension with neck flexion to visualise the vocal cords under general anaesthesia is well described in ENT text books. However, the value of this method has not been described in the outpatient setting. There have been numerous methods introduced to aid in visualisation of the hypopharynx and vallecula including performing the nasal valsalva which was first described by Spraggs and Harris in 1995. A study in 2007 by Freeman a


Aiming at the strong nonlinearity features of the bed temperature of circulating fluidized bed(CFB) boilers,a modified predictive control scheme based on multiple models has been proposed,which combines multi-model control with generalized predictive control,and uses models of several typical operating points to approach the dynamic characteristics of the total range of operating points,so as to correct models instead of on-line identification.By tracing the change of actual working conditions for weighting of local controllers,appropriate control increment is obtained,while the object function of generalized predictive control modified so that the oscillation at later stages can be eliminated.The models of typical operating points are identified off line,of which the parameters are generally constant,so that solution of Diophantine equation and calculation of control law can be done off-line,resulting in reduced amount of on-line calculation.The algorithm was applied to the bed temperature control of a 440 t/h CFB boiler.Simulation results demonstrate that the control method may effectively overcome the nonlinear shortcoming of the controlled object,via which better control effect may be obtained even under large variations of load.


A method for automatically improving the performance of construction operations was developed by the integration of computer simulation and belief networks. The simulation model is used to represent the operation and to determine the effect that changes in resource configuration have on the model's performance. The belief network provides diagnostic analysis of the performance and recommendations for changes to the model. Modifications to the simulation model include selection of alternative resources and resource quantities. The method is based upon the assumption that ultimate objectives, such as lower costs or a shorter project duration, will result from efficient use of resources. Therefore, the improvement process is focused upon resource performance instead of cost or duration. The approach is iterative, and provides the modeler with results even if user-defined constraints related to performance limits are not met.


In the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), all new buildings are said to be nearly Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) from 2018/2020 [1]. A Zero Energy Building is a building that has a lower demand for energy, and is able to produce the same amount of energy which it uses during the year [2]. This thesis analyzes the impact of a large implementation of ZEBs in the Norwegian power system. With an expected increasing share of ZEB due to the EPBD, it is important to analyze the impact on the power system, in order to prepare the power system for the consequences of such large changes. The analysis is performed by running simulations in the EMPS model. Several cases has been analyzed, and they differ from each other by the share of ZEBs, choice of heating technology, demand and PV-production. The model setup contains projections of demand and installed capacity of different production technologies, as well as expected interconnections to surrounding countries in 2030. A large implementation of ZEBs gives reduced demand during winter and increased PV-production during summer. This results in a increased surplus in the power balance in Norway of 23.8-37.4 TWh, depending on choice of heating technology, compared with the reference case BAU ("Business as usual"). The surplus of power decreases some in the other Nordic countries. The total CO2 emissions from power production within the Nordic countries is reduced, due to lower production from thermal power plants, mostly coal-fired plants. The reduction of CO2 emissions is between 3.53 and 5.68 mill. tons for the ZEB-cases. The CO2 emissions per kWh produced in the Nordic power system reduces from 97.8 gCO2/kWh in the reference case to 87.3-83.2 gCO2/kWh in the ZEB-cases. The cases with increased PV-production has a significantly different reservoir handling than the cases without PV-production. The average reservoir level is lower due to the predictable PV-production in the summer. The reduction in reservoir level is between 6-11 percentage points throughout the year. The difference is highest in the spring and summer.


Decision functions classification by distance functions and clustering classification using statistical approach feature selection fuzzy classification and pattern recognition syntactic pattern recognition neural nets and pattern classification.


In an embodiment an apparatus may have a dictionary having a plurality of words; and an evaluation engine operatively coupled to the dictionary, and operatively coupled to a repository having a plurality of ring-back tones corresponding to the songs; wherein the evaluation engine implements rating, flagging and filtering out of undesired ring-back tones as a function of a comparison of the words in the dictionary with lyrics associated with the songs to thereby provide acceptable ring-back tones.


By consistently centralising black people's heritages in her plays, debbie tucker green signals the historical legacies of race ideology stemming from the British Empire's systems of enslavement and colonisation that continue to affect present-day culture. hang (2015) adds to her group of what I term, jurisdictional dramas (born bad, stoning mary, truth and reconciliation). These plays feature a clearly marked adversarial dynamic between one catalyst character in relation to others, in the pursuit of truth and justice in the wake of heinous acts. In a political climate in recent years when the (then) Prime Minister, David Cameron visited Jamaica offering financial aid to build a penitentiary over any kind of reparation for British enslavement, tucker green's crafting of a black character seeking justice activates a complex consequentialist socio-economic history. These consequences are rarely acknowledged in public life nor tackled in terms of an apology by Britain for its imperial enterprise.
This article explores how the play alerts us to what contours black citizens' histories in a white dominant criminal justice system – one that evolved in the days of ruling the British Empire – where black people's bodies served as sites for punishment ranging from plantocratic retributions, to the quashing of colonial insurrections.
hang offers a form of imaginative counter-history, as well as implicitly putting the audience (in the Royal Court Theatre where it premiered, overwhelmingly a white demographic) in the position of moral arbitration between right and wrong deeds.


Over-the-Horizon detection of atmosphere duct can be realized by the OTHR, in order to increasing the spread distance of radar electromagnetic. The calculation of five-parameter refractivity algorithm on getting hybrid duct inversion of RFC (Refractivity from Clutter) was introduced in this paper, and then the application was decrypted details. As the five-parameter algorithm is fit to get multi-duct atmosphere modified refractivity profile, it also can get the high altitude atmosphere refractivity profile, which provides reference to the further study of RFC.


The article discusses the significance of sand body,its research value and classification Also,the prospecting effect of sand body in search of the leaching sand type uranium deposit was clarified in different aspects "Throw a brick to attract a piece of jade",we strive to carry the study a step forward and provide service for the prospecting work.


Figure 1. Anatomy of the Carotid Space. The sympathetic chain is located posteromedial to the great vessels and cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII. All of these structures are potentially at risk with growth or removal of sympathetic tumors. Objectives: Tumors originating from the cervical sympathetic chain are uncommon but important entities in the differential diagnosis of prestyloid parapharyngeal (carotid) space masses. We sought to evaluate the presentation of these tumors and the outcomes of surgical treatment. Study Design: Retrospective chart review Methods: We report our experience with 24 patients from 1994 to 2011. Clinic notes, operative and pathology reports, and radiologic images and reports were used to create the study database. Results: The most common presenting symptoms were dysphagia (29%, n=7), neck mass (n=7, 29%), and throat fullness (n=4, 17%). Two patients (8%) presented with Horner's syndrome. Although radiologic images showed classic lateral displacement of the carotid arteries in 10 (42%), in 9 (38%) patients the radiologic findings demonstrated splaying of the carotid arteries similar to carotid body tumor and in 5 (20%) the findings were indeterminate. Three patients were observed, two due to small size and patient preference and one because of multiple bilateral cranial nerve involvement. Twenty-one patients underwent surgical removal, with pathology revealing 10 paragangliomas, 10 schwannomas, and 1 neurofibroma. Three patients (14%) had cranial nerve weaknesses (two vagal and one spinal accessory). Although most patients had some degree of Horner's syndrome postoperatively, this was symptomatic in 12 (57%). With a mean follow-up of 20 months there have been no recurrences. Conclusions: This represents the largest original series of tumors of the sympathetic chain to date. Although anterolateral displacement of the carotids on imaging is suggestive of a sympathetic tumor, absence of these findings does not rule out this entity. Cervical sympathetic tumors can be safely managed with operative intervention with less than a 15% incidence of cranial nerve weakness.


The endoscopic placement of biliary stents was first reported by Sohendra and Reynders-Frederix in 1979.' Since that time, there has been an ongoing debate about the role of stents in the management of biliary disorders as well as a variety of modifications to stent design including the development of expandable metal stents. Some of the stents available in Asia, Australia and New Zealand are shown in Fig. 1. The earlier commercial stents were pigtail in shape and 7French in gauge and could be inserted through smaller diagnostic duodenoscopes. Unfortunately, these stents blocked after about 2 months, largely due to biofilm formation.* The subsequent development of wide-channel duodenoscopes permitted the insertion of wider stents (1012 French), which were usually straight or curved and included side-holes near the tip of the stent. These plastic stents were usually formed from polyethylene or polyurethane. More recently, a Teflon stent without side-holes (Tannenbaum stent) has been produced which may remain patent for longer than polyethylene stents, perhaps because Teflon has a smoother surface with a lower coefficient of f r i~ t ion .~ Self-expanding metal stents were introduced in about 1990 with the theoretical advantages of greater diameter and prolonged p a t e n ~ y . ~ ' ~ The Wallstent has been most widely evaluated and appears to increase stent patency to about 8months when used for malignant disease involving the lower bile duct. However, expandable stents are relatively expensive, difficult to remove endoscopically and can be obstructed by tumour ingrowth through the wire mesh. The latter problem may be minimized by the use of covered rather than uncovered stents. Many studies have reported the use of endoscopic stents for malignant obstructive jaundice.6 In general, stents can be placed in an appropriate position in 90% of patients, with a relatively low frequency of early complications (10%). However, randomized studies in which patients have been allocated to endoscopic stents or surgical bypass have not revealed a survival advantage for either modality. This has led to the recommendation that surgery be used in younger and fitter patients and that stents be used in the elderly, particularly those with advanced disease and major coexisting medical problems. In hilar malignancies, results from stents have been inferior to those for distal lesions with a higher frequency of stent failure, shorter stent patency and a higher frequency of complications, particularly cholangitis. Two randomized studies have compared polyethylene and metal stents for distal malignant obstruction and have shown that metal stents prolong stent patency, reduce longer-term complications and decrease overall Similar results were found in a smaller study comparing polyethylene and metal stents for hilar malignancy.' While such studies support the wider use of metal stents, a common practice is to insert a polyethylene stent in the first instance and to use a metal stent in those who remain in reasonable health when they present for a stent change after 4-6 months. In most institutions, the use of endoscopic stents for benign biliary strictures is uncommon. There have been no randomized trials of endoscopic and surgical therapy for postoperative biliary strictures, although endoscopic dilatation and endoscopic stents are alternatives to surgery, particularly in patients at high surgical risk." Strictures in the lower bile duct associated with chronic pancreatitis can be managed by stents but, for many patients, surgical bypass may be preferable to repeated stent changes.'I3'* In sclerosing cholangitis, endoscopic stents appear to have a role in highly selected patients who have dominant strictures involving extrahepatic ducts." At present, wire stents are not recommended for benign strictures as endoscopic removal is difficult and their presence may complicate subsequent surgery. In this issue of the journal, Choudhuri and others describe their experience with endoscopic stents for large bile duct stones which defied attempts at extraction. In this setting, the major alternatives to endoscopic stents are the use of crushing baskets and surgical exploration. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and


In this paper, I deal with the question of how university teachers perceive and evaluate their pedagogical development. I originate from a qualitative analysis of 9 in-depth semi-structured interviews with teachers from different faculties of Masaryk University who participated in a two-semester educational program aimed at increasing pedagogical competencies organized by the university. The respondents draw attention to the lack of educational opportunities to support pedagogical competencies, identifying several areas in which they would like to develop. That is why they had applied for a program organized by the University. As a part of this program, it wasn't the intensive full-time course led by experienced lecturers that teachers evaluated as the best, but a collaboration with a mentor they chose from their colleagues on their own. These findings are discussed in the context of current efforts of higher education institutions to achieve excellence in teaching.


The purpose of the study was to unveil the comparative of macroscopic and microscopic features of the tongue and lingual papillae in adult rams and billy-goat (1.5-2 years old). Ten tongue specimens of each rams and billy-goat were used to study the anatomical and histological features. Results were demonstrated that the mean total length of the tongue in rams was longer than that in billy-goat. The tongue of rams has gray or blackish color with nearly round apex and not has median groove, while the tongue of billy-goat was pink in color with a sharp rounded anterior edge and the apex of tongue was flattened like spatula shaped and has median groove, black spot was found on the dorsal surface in tongue of billygoat only. In both species the body of tongue presented a well developed torus linguae and fossa linguae, the root was shorter part of the tongue lies caudally to the body of the tongue and slopes ventrally and caudally toward the base of the epiglottis, and the root was has conical papillae on each side of its. There were five types of papillae in tongue of both rams and billy-goat; the filiform, fungiform, conical, lenticular and vallate papillae. The filiform papillae were soft horny threadlike papillae found on dorsal, lateral and ventral surfaces of tongue, and were lined by keratinization stratified squamous epithelium. Mean number and diameter of the fungiform papillae in rams were more than that in billy-goat, it was round, convex, mushroom-like, distributed on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the apex and body of tongue and have numerous taste bud and lined by keratinized epithelium. The conical papillae have a round base and a blunt tip, they were found rostral to the torus linguae in each species and this papilla was lined by keratinized epithelium. The lenticular papillae were convex lens in shape found in the middle part of torus linguae, and were covered by keratin layer. Mean number of vallate papillae in rams were more than that in billy-goat, it was round to oval in shape found on the lateral side to torus linguae arranged in two rows has V shape and were covered by a cornified layer. Foliate papillae were absent in both species. The Von Ebner's glands of rams were serous, while in billy-goat were mucous, Weber's glands were seromucous in both species, which located under the vallate papillae. In conclusion: The morphology of tongue, the number, distribution and morphological characteristics of lingual papillae of ram and billy-goat were related to the species of animal, kind of diet and feeding habits.


Using query interfaces of different Web databases, we propose a new complex schema matching approach, Parallel Schema Matching (PSM). A parallel schema is formed by comparing two individual schemas and deleting common attributes. The attribute matching can be discovered from the attribute-occurrence patterns if many parallel schemas are available. A count-based greedy algorithm identifies which attributes are more likely to be matched. Experiments show that PSM can identify both simple matching and complex matching accurately and efficiently.


The study of d-c corona discharge over a period of many years has resulted in a considerable body of literature on the subject. However, relatively little has been reported on corona properties over extended temperature ranges. At least two experimental studies have been published, both using coaxial cylindrical geometry. The first, by Koller and Fremont,1 treats negative corona at temperatures to 1,400 R (degrees Rankin) and pressures to 5 atmospheres. The second, by Thomas and Wong,2 treats both positive and negative corona at temperatures to 2,000 R and pressures to 8 atmospheres.


Aluminim pack cementation coatings on Haynes 230 alloys have been developed between 500 and 600 ℃. A single Al3Ni layer was coated on the alloys. The activation energy for growth rate of the coated layer thickness was estimated as 63.1 kJ / mol in the examined temperature range. In order to examine the degradation behaviors, the alloys were subjected to high temperature flame via an LPG / O2 gas torch. In order to test the degradation behaviors, uncoated alloys, coated alloys and oxidized following coated alloys have been prepared. The uncoated Haynes 230 alloys exhibited a weight loss during the torch tests due to the sublimation of chromium oxide on the surface, and the coated allo specimen showed an surface melting due to low melting temperature of the coating layer. However, the coated with oxidation - treated Haynes 230 alloys maintained the original weight due to the presence of an surface in-situalumina layer. The coated microstructures and related coating kinetics are discussed in terms of structural identification and weight changes.


ABSTRACT This study investigates market reactions to announcements of chief accounting officer (CAO) unqualifications. Using 61 Taiwanese observations from 2006 to 2020, we find negative market reactions prior to unqualified CAO announcements. Our results also show that markets react more negatively when unqualified CAOs are female. This study suggests potential information leakage and provides implications for regulators and market participants.


This article is an attempt to review the beliefs and behaviors of members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (L.D.S.) as they pertain to married life. There are already some excellent research and review articles published on the L.D.S. family (Heaton, 1988 and Thomas, 1983). The purpose of this article is to compare the interface of Mormon family belief and practice as it is today with how it was at the time of its historical beginning. For the benefit of non-L.D.S. social scientists, I have drawn from some important religious sources that otherwise may not be known to the reader. There are many religious groups which originated in the early years of the United States, some with ideas about marriage and family life that were considered different or provocative, but few have been as successful as the denomination which came to be known as the Mormon church (Thomas 1983).


Fig.l MIMO-O FDM system model The channel estimation method is based on iterative LS S T flC cod inu b (n,k) Reliable channel identification is indispensable for MlMO-OFDM system employing coherent detection and adaptive loading in order to achieve high data rate mobile wireless communications. For OFOM channel estimation based on pilot, it can be classified as preamble method and PSAM method (Pilot Symbol Assisted Modulation or comb-type pilot method) in accordance with the difference of insertion position ofpilots[2][3]. Based on the criterion of realization, it can be classified as Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), Least Square (LS) and Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE)[4] and so on. In this paper, we discuss an iterative Least Square channel estimation algorithm for MlMO-OFOM system based on IEEE802.l6e. Results have shown that this algorithm have good performance,


The paper describes an ongoing project that pursues the idea of query-driven data integration. Instead of first creating a common global schema and fetching, transforming, and loading the data to be integrated, we start with the queries. They are taken as a specification of information need and thus as the overall purpose of integration. Two repositories are being developed, one for all information related to the queries and one for potential data sources to which those queries may refer. Queries may have very di↵erent forms, and thus there are many di↵erent ways how they can be used to make the integration e↵ort more e cient.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: method includes superposition of normal line to illuminated working surface of solar battery (SB) panels to plane created by axis of panels and direction at the Sun. Angle between direction to the Sun and specified normal is established and maintained so that value of SB power (measured as product of its current by voltage) corresponds to daily consumption of the Earth satellites loads. This angle is also used to provide maintenance of SB voltage at required level in the point of its current-voltage characteristic that corresponds to maximum output power of SB (at preset angle of SB establishment). In case specified voltage of SB reduces at accurate orientation of SB at the Sun, SB is inverted from direction to the Sun by the angle, at which specified voltage of SB remains at required level. EFFECT: simplification of satellite power supply systems equipment and increase of its weight and dimension characteristics. 2 dwg, 2 ex


Melatonin is an endogenous micromolecular compound of indoleamine with multiple physiological functions in various organisms. In plants, melatonin is involved in growth and development, as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, melatonin functions in phytohormone-mediated signal transduction pathways. There are multiple melatonin biosynthesis pathways, and the melatonin content in plants is greatly affected by intrinsic genetic characteristics and external environmental factors. Although melatonin biosynthesis has been extensively studied in model plants, it remains uncharacterized in most plants. This article focuses on current knowledge on the biosynthesis, regulation and application of melatonin, particularly for fruit quality and preservation. In addition, it highlights the links between melatonin and other hormones, as well as future research directions.


Approximate composition of muscles and dressed fish were determined in Aplodinotus grnniens and compared with other species. It was found that the dressed fish was 65.95%. There were 80.45% of moisture, 16.10% crude protein (in dry matter), 0.507% fat and 1.14% crude ash. The amino acids comprised of 76.93% in total dry weight, the essential amino acids accounting for 40.79% in total amino acids, with 34.80% of four delicious amino acids.


To eliminate the limits of the researches on consumer cognition of Genetically Modified(GM) foods in China,the influence on Genetically Modified foods' cognition by its special features,the influence on GM foods' market attribute by its cognition situation,and the outside influencing factors of GM foods' cognition were analyzed in this paper,based on which we provide the integral thought and frame to analyze the influencing factors of the consumer cognition of GM foods.


15 Chapter 1: On the Need to Investigate the Experience of Artists Involved in Factory-Based Residencies 2 1.1 Towards a Framework to Support Artists Undertaking Factory-Based Residencies 3 1.2 The Changing Position of the Researcher 5 1.3 Towards the Artist as Creative Exemplar in Action within Organisations (Factory Communities) 6 1.3.1 Developing a Culture of Innovation Collaboration—Looking beyond Factory Walls 8 1.3.2 The Artist as Exemplar or Metaphor for Creative Practice in an Organisation 10 1.3.3 Artist and Organisation Collaborations 11 1.3.4 Defining the Artist as Exemplar in Action 13 1.4 The Practice Context: Expanding Practice and Maximising Success for Contemporary Artists 14 1.4.1 New Situations for Practice Are Increasing in the Form of Artist-inResidence Opportunities 15 1.4.2 Artists Turn to Organisations as Creative Collaborators in Residencies 16 1.4.3 Expanded Skills and Situations Are Enabling the Artist to Act in Other Roles 17 1.4.4 The Artist-Entrepreneur 18 1.4.5 The Emergence of the Artist-Academic and the Imperatives to Develop New Understandings about Practice, Materials and Resources 19 1.5 Identifying Critical Issues Confronting Artists Undertaking Factory-Based Residencies and Artist Actions That Might Be Taken in Response to These Issues 20 1.5.1 Challenges to Identifying the Critical Issues 21 1.5.2 A Review of the Critical Issues Identified in Previous Research 22 1.6 An Overview of the Approach in the Context of Practice-Led and Action Research 23 1.6.1 On the Positioning of the Thesis as Practice-Led Research 23 1.6.2 On the Importance of Practice-Led Research for Artists 24 1.6.3 On Drawing Synergies with Action Research 24 1.6.4 On the Importance of the Intersubjective Position of the Researcher 25 1.6.5 On the Particular Nature of Participation and Creativity in Action 26 1.6.6 Towards the Sharing of an Embodied Experience 27 1.6.7 Towards an Empathetic Interpretation of Others 27 1.6.8 Towards a Reflective Practice 28 1.6.9 Towards the Integrity and Validity of This Practice-Led Research Approach 28


A1026 JESOCI, Volume 4, Abstract Supplement, 2020 lottery gambling and accident insurance. After reviewing the patients' answers, however, it became clear that some were illogical, which suggested that these patients did not understand the context of the questions, the hypothetical economical situations, or even the instructions, probably because of lower literacy skills. Thus, we labeled these patients as the unreasonable (UR) group (n = 81), and the patients who provided appropriate answers, even if extremely risk averse or risk loving, were labeled as the reasonable (R) group (n = 195). The prevalence of UR answers generally increased with age (<50 y, 16%; 50-64 y, 10%; 65-74 y, 37%; ≥75 y, 64%) (p < 0.0001). After age adjustment, there was a significant correlation between the UR answers and educational attainment in both sexes. The prevalence of UR answers was significantly higher in females (38.6%) than in males (24%) (p < 0.01), which may be partly because the average number of educational years was lower for females than for males (males, 13.8 y; females, 12.9 y; p < 0.05), but both averages are very high among all countries. The prevalence of retinopathy was significantly higher in the UR than the R group in males (p < 0.05), but not in females. Job and economic status were not associated with prevalence of retinopathy. These results suggest that effects of literacy skills on progression of diabetic retinopathy may be sex dependent. Although the mechanism underlying this finding is unknown, sex may be an important biological factor beyond socioeconomic status in highly educated high-income countries.


. Among 257 Bangladesh fish ponds investigated, 46% were affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) either fully or partially. Thai silver barb, Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker), culture ponds were worst affected (64%) by EUS, while all Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), monoculture ponds remained unaffected. Stocking of silver barb for culture, use of piscicides as means of moving predators or unwanted species prior to stocking of cultured species, and culture of fish in previously derelict ponds are factors which significantly affected the probability of occurrence of EUS. Choice of species other than silver barb and use of lime during the post-stocking period significantly affected the probability of pond stocks being less adversely affected by EUS.


For the functional testing of hearing, many methods have been devised. Although the human voice is difficult of standardization as regards intensity and pitch, still in many ways it is the most practical method. If care is taken to use only the residual air for unaccentuated conversation or whispered voice, and every effort made to employ the same intensity and pitch, with the patients always standing in the same part of the room, the eyes closed or averted from the speaker, with no part of the body touching the walls or furniture, using both high and low pitched tones, approaching the patient from the greatest possible distance, and noting at which point he first begins to answer properly; if these various precautions are observed, sufficiently definite conclusions may be reached. After all, the actual efficiency of the ear is its ability to understand the spoken voice and, therefore, even though the tests cannot be made entirely accurate, they are very valuable from a practical standpoint. If the patient is able to hear sounds below one hundred double vibrations or above 4,000 double vibrations, but is unable to hear those between 100 and 4,000, he is deaf to all intents and purposes because he cannot understand the spoken voice. While the fundamental sounds of speech lie in the range between b-l and g-2 (according to the theory of Bezold), we must remember that the overtones or harmonics which give a special quality to the voice have a much higher range, the overtones of some of the vowels such as e reaching above 3,000 double vibrations. The watch, acoumeter and other instruments have been used, but these, from a scientific standpoint, are not very valu-


ABSTRACT This paper is motivated by a need to address the challenge of securing a safe landing after suffering from inflight impairment. In this paper, a new adaptive generalised model predictive static programming (G-MPSP) is developed to generate a safe emergency landing trajectory for impaired aircraft. Utilising the computationally efficient G-MPSP framework, the proposed algorithm enables adaptation of model parameters based on the prediction errors to ensure reasonable guidance performance. Based on the estimated parameters, a feasible landing trajectory is then generated by the flexible finite-horizon G-MPSP with input constraints. The integrated approach features explicit closed-form solutions for both parameter estimation and trajectory generation. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by simulations in the presence of parameter uncertainties and noises and by comparison studies with the non-adaptive G-MPSP.


The paper first gives demi-upmartingale's definition and indicates the relationship among demimartingale,demisubmartingale and demi-upmartingale.Then it obtains the Doob's inequality for demisubmartingale using Doob's maximal inequality.It also gives application to demisubmartingale's convergent theorem introduced by Newman and Wright.


Abstract DL-camphor and 3-bromocamphor reacted with chlorosulfonic acid and phosphorus pentachloride to give the corresponding 8-sulfonyl chlorides (1, 10). These were converted into 13 derivatives by reaction with amines, azide ion and hydrazine. The spectral data of the compounds are briefly discussed, together with the results of preliminary biological screening against insects, weeds and fungi.


This research outlines the Taguchi's Parameter Design Approach, which is applied to optimize cutting parameters in drilling. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to study the effect of process parameters on machining process. This procedure eliminates the need for repeated experiments, saves time and conserves the material as opposed by the conventional procedure. The drilling parameters investigated are cutting speed and feed rate. An orthogonal array has been used to conduct the experiments and raw data and signal-to-noise ratio are employed to analyze the influence of these parameters on axial force during drilling. The methodology could be useful in predicting thrust and torque parameters as a function of cutting parameters and specimen parameters. The main objective is to find the important factors and combination of factors influencing the machining process to achieve low axial force.


C. Bessiere and M.O. Cordier (1994) said that the AC-6 arc consistency algorithm is optimal in time on constraint networks where nothing is known about the constraint semantics. However, in constraint networks, it is always assumed that constraints are bidirectional. None of the previous algorithms achieving arc-consistency (AC-3, AC-4, AC-6) use constraint bidirectionality. We propose here an improved version of AC-6 which uses this property. Then, we claim that our new algorithm is optimal in the number of constraint checks performed (i.e. given a variable, value, and arc ordering, it performs the minimum possible number of constraint checks according to these orders).<<ETX>>


In this paper, we consider sufficient and necessary condition for the inclusion between Lorentz spaces with mixed norms for two different product measures on (X × Y,A× B) . Later, we discuss the Wiener-Ditkin sets of Lorentz spaces with mixed norms and Lorentz spaces.


Fusion protein for immunocastration (Sequences la and Ib) that comprises the primary amino acid sequence of the gona dotrophin-liberating protein fused to a theoretical sequence: Sequence la NH2-QHWSYGLRPGGPPFSGGGGPPFSA COOH (SEQ ID NO: 1) Sequence Ib NH2-GPPFSGGGGPPFSAQHWSYGLRPG COOH (SEQID NO:2): DNA sequences coding for said fusion protein; vaccine com prising said fusion protein; use of the fusion protein for mam mal immunocastration; process for producing the vaccine; process for preparing the fusion protein that comprises fusing the amino acid sequence of the gonadotrophin-liberating hor mone (GnRH-I) to a theoretical glycosilable sequence having immunogenic activity that does not include pathogen or "car rier protein sequences in its structure.


32 Background: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a well-established nutritional ergogenic aid, though 33 gastrointestinal (GI) distress is a common side-effect. Delayed-release NaHCO3 may alleviate GI symptoms and 34 enhance bicarbonate bioavailability following oral ingestion, although this has yet to be confirmed. Methods: In 35 a randomised crossover design, pharmacokinetic responses and acid-base status were compared following two 36 forms of NaHCO3, as were GI symptoms. Twelve trained healthy males (mean ± SD: age 25.8 ± 4.5 y; maximal 37 oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) 58.9 ± 10.9 mL∙kg∙min; height 1.8 ± 0.1 m; body mass 82.3 ± 11.1 kg; fat-free mass 38 72.3 ± 10.0 kg) underwent a control (CON) condition and two experimental conditions: 300 mg∙kg body mass 39 NaHCO3 ingested as an aqueous solution (SOL) and encased in delayed-release capsules (CAP). Blood 40 bicarbonate concentration, pH and base excess (BE) were measured in all conditions over 180 min, as were 41 subjective GI symptom scores. Results: Incidences of GI symptoms and overall severity were significantly lower 42 (mean difference = 45.1%, P < 0.0005 and 47.5%, P < 0.0005 for incidences and severity, respectively) with the 43 CAP than with the SOL. Symptoms displayed increases at 40 to 80 min post-ingestion with the SOL that were 44 negated with CAP (P < 0.05). Time to reach peak bicarbonate concentration, pH and BE were significantly longer 45 with CAP than with the SOL. Conclusions: In summary, CAP can mitigate GI symptoms induced with SOL and 46 should be ingested earlier to induce similar acid-base changes. Furthermore, CAP may be more ergogenic in those 47 who experience severe GI distress with SOL, although this warrants further investigation. 48 49


Purpose Numerous studies have reported the prognostic significance of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in malignancies, but its prognostic value among lung cancer remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the prognostic significance of LMR in lung cancer patients. Results Eight studies including 3954 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that low LMR was significantly associated with poorer progression-free survival (hazard ratio (HR): 1.431, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.294–1.582, p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.651, 95% CI: 1.306–2.086, p < 0.001), compared with high LMR. Similar results were observed in subgroups regardless of treatment, LMR cut-off value, or districts. However, no significant correlation between the LMR and OS was observed in the small cell lung cancer (SCLC) subgroup (HR = 1.262, 95% CI: 0.864–1.841, p = 0.229). Materials and Methods Identified literatures were extracted and retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases; All eligible studies focused on the association between LMR and the prognosis of lung cancer. Conclusions Low LMR is associated with poor outcomes among lung cancer patients. Further studies are needed to discuss the correlation between LMR and lung cancer prognosis.


Svalbard has exceptional geological diversity within a relatively small area. The islands are situated between 76°N and 81°N, longitude 10°E and 35°E, with a total land area of some 63 000 km2, about twice the size of Belgium. Around 60 per cent is covered by glaciers. It is one of the few places in the world where stratigraphical sections representing much of the Earth's history are relatively easily accessible for study.


The synthesis of ()-5-((4R,5R)-5-(benzyloxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3- dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,7-dihydro-1,3-dioxepine is reported. Product character- ization was carried out by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, MS, elemental analysis and


From a study of the normal and regenerating contractile vacuoles in vivo, evidence was obtained that the normal contractile vacuole in Blepharisma undulans is not a permanent cell organ, but a system of temporary, potentially independent fluid vacuoles. 1 In view of the fact that conflicting opinions concerning the permanence of contractile vacuoles have arisen from the failure of investigators to study both living and stained preparations, the above conclusions have been tested by a study of fixed material, derived from the pedigreed cultures. The Nassanov methods and the original Kolatschev technique were employed, not only because of their proved success in demonstrating contractile vacuole structure, but also because by their use the Blepharisma vacuole could be examined in the light of the Nassanov homology. In the several series of preparations which were made, Paramecia, mixed with the Blepharisma prior to fixation and treated identically step by step, were used as controls. Although the contractile vacuoles of the Paramecia showed the characteristic blackening, those of the Blepharisma failed to do so. In general, where osmication was continued until the whole cytoplasm was darkened, the food and contractile vacuole walls in the Blepharisma were likewise blackened, but upon differentiation of such preparations in turpentine, these walls became bleached as quickly as the surrounding cytoplasm. Particularly careful examination of the preparations showing darkened vacuolar walls for any sign of the old primary vacuole wall which, if present, should form a small dark mass close to the anal spot, revealed no trace of that structure.


Using the method that logics and history are consistent,this paper makes an analysis of the philosophical idea of combining two into one advanced by Yang Xianzhen.There was a tendency of idealism and dialectics in the world of philosophy in the last 50 years,Yang Xianzhen approved that the idea of combining two into one,put forward by thinkers of the ancient history of China,has lots of value when all things have been changed to their opposites.He gave the idea many connotations of marxism.It is pointed out in this paper that the thought is a simple way to express Marxist law of unity of opposites,and it has great impact upon the Chinese mode of thinking.It is a perfect model of Marxist philosophy to be Chinese and traditional Chinese philosophy to be Marxist. As the methodology of dialectical materialism, it plays a positive role in history and has great theoretical value in the history of constructive socialism.


The last time Geneesmiddelenbulletin discussed the topic of placebos and placebo effects was in Gebu 1997; 31: 1-6. The article elaborated on a number of factors that may co-occur with the placebo effect, namely the interaction between care provider and patient and the natural course of the disorder. The present article adds to this a description of the various other factors that contribute to the placebo effect. The article in Gebu 1997; 31: 1-6 mainly discussed the use of placebos in clinical practice. The current state of affairs with regard to this use will be discussed in a future feature article. At the time of the 1997 article, calculations of the results of treatments in clinical research studies often did not include the influence of environmental factors on the natural course of disorders, which resulted in too high success rates being reported. Since then, much has been found out about the use of placebos in randomised trials, including the factors involved and their influence on the outcome in terms of the efficacy of the drug. The use of placebo-controlled research is now extensively discussed in various guidelines published by regulatory authorities. The differences between such guidelines show, however, that the debate on these matters has certainly not been finalised.


This paper analyzes the effects of land market restrictions on the rural labor market outcomes for women. The existing literature emphasizes two mechanisms through which land restrictions can affect the economic outcomes: the collateral value of land, and (in) security of property rights. Analysis of this paper focuses on an alternative mechanism where land restrictions increase costs of migration out of villages. The testable prediction of collateral effect is that both wages and labor force participation move in the same direction, and insecurity of property rights reduces labor force participation and increases wages. In contrast, if land restrictions work primarily through higher migration costs, labor force participation increases, while wages decline. For identification, this paper exploits a natural experiment in Sri Lanka where historical malaria played a unique role in land policy. This paper provides robust evidence of a positive effect of land restrictions on women's labor force participation, but a negative effect on female wages. The empirical results thus contradict a collateral or insecure property rights effect, but support migration costs as the primary mechanism.


the ordinary least square model has been widely considered to estimate the significant factors which influence the student achievement. Some factor is qualitative type and measured using criteria or categories. However, the decisive criteria for each factor which affect to the cumulative grade point average of student cannot be determined by this model. In this paper, we are interested to build a new procedure using rough-regression model in determining the dominant criteria from each factor based on generalization of dependency attribute. Based on result, the proposed procedure is capable to investigate the dominant criteria and factors affecting student achievement, such as, language spoken with dominant criteria is "many-many", FB friend with dominant criteria is "many" and fast food with dominant criteria is "never". This proposed procedure is very appropriate to implement for handling categorical data.


The metaverse holds a prominent place in debates over the future direction of digital networks. Proponents claim that advances in virtual and augmented reality will shape every facet of social life. This article defines the metaverse, explores the state of the technology, and addresses its public policy significance. It makes use of a political economic perspective focusing on the concepts of commodification and spatialisation. Specifically, it considers how major platform and gaming companies plan to use the metaverse to expand market share. The article also addresses the cultural dimensions of the metaverse as the latest in a series of utopian visions of a digital sublime. It proceeds to take up the social problems associated with the metaverse and concludes by describing the essential policy principles that should guide public authorities in the regulating the metaverse. These principles include acknowledging that current concerns over implementation do not limit future deployment. Moreover, public policy should start by recognising that the metaverse is a public space and not the private property of the major platforms. Finally, policy must address specific social problems deepened by the arrival of the metaverse including crime, privacy, the impact on climate, and data ownership.


In this study, the complications and ramifications of surface saturation and gas diffusion in measuring heterogeneous uptake coefficients of gases on powdered samples with a Knudsen cell reactor are discussed. Computer simulations show that for uptake on a single layer, when coverage and surface saturation effects are included, the measured initial uptake coefficient will depend on the escape constant, k e s c , of the Knudsen cell reactor and is a lower limit of the true initial uptake coefficient. For powdered samples with many layers, it is shown that gases can readily diffuse into the bulk of the powder. In many cases, surface saturation and diffusion occur on the same time scale and contribute to the total overall observed uptake. A layer-by-layer model has been developed for gas uptake on powdered samples. The model takes into account gas diffusion into the underlying layers and surface saturation of each layer. The model is used to explain experimental results for heterogeneous uptake of trace atmospheric gases on oxide and carbonate powders that are often used as laboratory surrogates for mineral dust.


To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Cima et al1 entitled "Internet Use by Patients in an Inflammatory Bowel Specialty Clinic," which revealed that greater than 50% of patients in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinic used the Internet to obtain IBD-specific information. This study is important because there have been few studies that have evaluated the use of the Internet in specific practice settings. Additionally, it confirmed the observation that the Internet is an increasingly important source of medical information for patients with a chronic illness.1 It is critical that physicians are aware of the information sources that are relied upon by patients to ensure that accurate and appropriate information is obtained by patients regarding their medical condition. We surveyed women with IBD at an educational seminar about their primary source of medical information and evaluated the impact of physicians as an information source. Sixty-four women with IBD attending the educational seminar completed a survey that asked them to identify their sources of medical information about IBD. Women could identify 1 or more sources of information. The primary sources identified were the Internet (56%), others with the disease (44%), medical literature (31%), and physicians (25%). Physicians were the least likely source of medical information. Women were more than twice as likely to utilize the Internet than ask physicians for IBD-related information. Additionally, 32 of 64 (50%) women identified only a single source of medical information. Sixteen of the 32 women using a single source for medical information identified others with the disease as their primary information source. Twelve of the 32 (37.5%) women relying on a single source used the Internet and 4 of the 32 (12.5%) used their physician. There was a significant difference (P 0.0001) in the rate at which women who relied on a single source of information depended on sources other than their physicians. Similar to Cima et al, the Internet was shown to be utilized by a significant proportion of patients with IBD. Half of the surveyed women relied on the Internet as their only source of medical information about IBD. It is notable that physicians were the least commonly used information source. While this study is small, it offers important information about where women with IBD obtain information. Recognition of patients' source of medical information is important in the development of treatment plans in patients with chronic disease. Appreciating the increasing role of the Internet for patients offers the possibility of frequently incorporating Internet-based information into the educational component of patient management.2,3 It is critical that physicians have an integral role in providing information to their IBD patients. Increasing physician awareness that patients frequently use multiple sources for medical information and often rely upon the Internet is important. Physicians need to understand and provide patients disease-specific information that is desired by patients to optimize IBD management.


How does the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) respond to a sudden influx of a large number of refugees in a state rejecting the international legal standards on refugee protection? By applying a qualitative case study method, this article seeks to shed light on that question by focusing on the UNHCR's response in the context of the Rohingya refugee influx to Bangladesh, a non-signatory state to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967. This article recognizes the existence regime complexity involving the international refugee regime and argues that Bangladesh has tried to challenge UNHCR's involvement through authorizing the International Organization for Migration (IOM) to lead the international humanitarian response in the early days of the 2017-18 Rohingya refugee crisis. Furthermore, this article adopts challenged institutions as a framework to explore how the UNHCR responded to the challenge through a series of strategic maneuvers to uphold its mandate of providing "international protection" to the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. The main findings suggested that although UNHCR h¬¬¬¬¬as been able to emerge as a leading stakeholder of the humanitarian response to the Rohingya refugee crisis, the existing operational context in Bangladesh still challenges the agency to uphold its mandate fully. Other findings include the fragmentation of authority in the international response coordination, increasing institutional competition, and lack of coordination between UNHCR and other major humanitarian agencies.


We study the home bias using individual-level data from an online sports-betting market. Contrary to other markets where home bias is confounded by institutional and information frictions, our market's experimental-like features enable us to test cleanly whether the psychological drivers of the home bias are strong enough to survive significant welfare costs. We find that individuals exhibit a bias toward home teams, which does not yield superior performance but distorts portfolios, generating welfare costs of similar magnitude as in the stock market. Our findings help solidify the foundation of the behavioral explanation of the home bias in other real markets.


The rapid growth of competition in the market and the consequent changes in economic conditions impose organizations and firms to implement new technologies to stay competitive. Those firms which h ...


The probable mechanism underlying the development of boundary layer roll circulations are studied using wind and temperature profiles measured by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Electra during the stratocumulus phase of the First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE). The expected, or preferred, roll orientations, horizontal wavelengths, and propagation periods are determined by finding the minimum values of the dynamic and thermodynamic forcing parameters, which here are the eddy Reynolds number (Re) and moist Rayleigh number (Ra sub m). These minimum values depend on the height z sub T of the capping temperature inversion and on the values of the Fourier coefficients of the background height-dependent vector wind profile. As input to our nonlinear spectral model, descent and ascent runs by the Electra provide for initial estimates of the inversion height and the wind profiles. In the first phase of the investigation presented here, a mechanism is said to be a probable contributor to the development of roll circulations within the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer if the modeled roll orientation and wavelengths agree with their observed values. Preliminary results using the 14-coefficient model of Haack-Hirschberg (1988) are discussed for the 7 July 1987 Electra Mission 188-A (Flight 5). This mission was flown across a sharp cloud boundary that was within a LANDSAT/SPOT scene. The stratocumulus deck was relatively solid in the eastern part of the scene, while there was a rapid decrease in cloud cover to scattered cumulus clouds aligned in streets to the west. These cloud streets were oriented nearly parallel to the mean wind direction in the layer, which was approximately 340 degrees. The hypothesis that roll circulations occurred in both the relatively clear and the cloudy regions is investigated using as model input a descent profile obtained in the relatively clear air and an ascent profile obtained in the cloudy air. Initial results for the clear air case are that the pure inflection point mode is not possible and the pure thermal mode was oriented 35 degrees to the right of the mean wind direction. The origin of this unacceptably large discrepancy between the observed and modeled results will be investigated further and the conclusions reported at the next FIRE workshop.


having DOLLAR A an outer joint part 12 which has a longitudinal axis and axially opposite to each other lying a connection side and an opening side and the outer ball tracks 22¶1¶, 22¶2¶, DOLLAR A an inner joint part 13: constant velocity joint in the form of a fixed joint with the features having a longitudinal axis and connection means for facing the opening side of the outer joint part 12 shaft and the inner ball tracks 23¶1¶, 23¶2¶ which the outer ball tracks and the inner ball tracks form pairs of tracks 22¶1¶, 23¶1¶; 22¶2¶, 23¶2¶ together DOLLAR A, the pairs of tracks each accommodate a torque transmitting ball 14¶1¶, 14¶2¶ on, DOLLAR A in each case two adjacent pairs of tracks having outer ball tracks 22¶1¶, 22¶2¶, whose center lines lie in substantially mutually parallel planes E1, E2, and inner ball tracks 23¶1¶, 23¶2¶ whose center lines ', E2' are in substantially mutually parallel planes E1, DOLLAR a, an annular ball cage 16 is fitted between the outer joint part 12 and the inner joint part 13 and comprises circumferentially distributed cage windows 17, each of the torque transmitting balls 14¶1¶, 14¶2¶ two adjacent pairs of tracks 22¶1¶, 23¶1¶; 22¶2¶ record 23¶2¶, DOLLAR A the center points K¶1¶, K¶2¶ the balls 14¶1¶, 14¶2¶ be maintained at the stretched joint of the ball cage 16 in the joint center plane and the joint is articulated on out the angle-bisecting plane between the longitudinal axes A DOLLAR the web cross sections of the outer ball tracks 22¶1¶, 22¶2¶ and the inner ball tracks 23¶1¶, ...


The effect of Cadmium (Cd) on the expression of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), c‐jun, and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) has been investigated. We previously reported that Cd causes cell damage as indicated by increases in the cytotoxic parameters, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation, and this damage was mediated by decreases in cellular concentration of glutathione. In the present study, we investigate the molecular events involved prior to the Cd‐induced cellular toxicity and damage in primary rat hepatocytes. We propose that Cd, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prior to significant cellular damage, activates the stress activated signal protein JNK, regulates c‐jun expression, and promotes the binding of a redox sensitive transcription factor AP‐1. We show JNK activity and c‐jun mRNA level significantly increased at 1 h and AP‐1 DNA binding activity significantly enhanced at 3 h in the presence of 4 μM cadmium chloride. Blocking the Cd induction of JNK activity, c‐jun mRNA level, and AP‐1 binding activity using the antioxidants N‐acetyl cysteine (10 mM) or carnosol (0.5 μg/mL) suggests a role for ROS. Blocking JNK activity and c‐jun mRNA by SP600125 (20 μM), a JNK inhibitor, supports the role of JNK in transmission of signals induced by Cd. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:133–142, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20018


Abstract : Human performance in positioning weightless objects was investigated experimentally using an air-bearing frictionless table. The subjects moved each four masses (1000, 3000, 5000, and 7000 gra ) various distances (10,20, and 40 cm) in each of two directions over this frictionless table in response to paired light stimuli. The responses were accomplished in complete darkness after the lights were extinguished. Results were analyzed in terms of constant and absolute errors of positioning, and response time. From the investigation, we concluded that: (1) Mass has little effect on the accuracy of positioning. There i some evidence, however, that response time increases with increase in mass. (2) Distance is a significant variable affecting the direction of error, accuracy, and speed of positioning responses. Response time increases, and accuracy decreases with distance. (3) Direction of movement is a significant variable affecting constant error, absol to error, and speed of positioning responses. Subjects tend to undershoot the mark in near to far movements.


Diatoms composing benthic microbial mats in Skarvsnes lakes, East Ant- arctica, were studied in terms of their taxonomy and relationship to environmental fac- tors. Samples were collected from 13 freshwater lakes in the area. Amphora sp. (cf. ve- neta) was dominant in 11 of the 13 samples, while Craticula sp. (cf. molesta )a ndDia- desmis sp. (cf. perpusilla) were respectively dominant in the remaining 2 samples. Navicula ectoris Van de Vijver was also reported here for the first time in continental Antarctica. Mosses in the microbial mats did not have a significant effect on the diatom species composition. Redundancy analysis revealed that the main environmental gradient for diatoms was electric conductivity, despite its relatively narrow range (18-390 mS m−1). Our results suggest that Diadesmis sp. and Psammothidium metakryophilum are halophobes, whereas Amphora sp. is a halophile.


This study aimed to identify effective washing and sanitation programs to minimize the contamination of cooked rice by B. cereus. As such, the effectiveness of five sanitizers, including QAC, alcohol, chlorine, CaO, and H 2 O 2 , was evaluated in relation to the survivability of B. cereus spores in cooked rice and resulting sensory properties of the rice. The water-treated cooked rice showed remaining B. cereus spores at 1.09 log 10 CfU/g. In contrast, treatment with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the sanitizers, such as 200 ppm of QAC, 50% of alcohol, 100 ppm of chlorine, 650 ppm of CaO, and 500 ppm of H 2 O 2 , destroyed all the spores in the cooked rice below a non-detection limit (ND< 0.15 CFU/g). The sensory properties of the sanitizer-treated (1,000 ppm of H 2 O 2 , 100 ppm of chlorine, and 800 ppm of CaO) cooked rice did not differ significantly from those of the water-treated cooked rice. As a result, 500 ppm of H 2 O 2 , 650 ppm of CaO, and 100 ppm of chlorine were found to effectively eliminate B. cereus spores in rice while cooking.


Background: With aging, muscles strength decrease. Balance disorder is one of the common aging problems which can cause falls and serious injuries. The purpose of this study was to present a model along with the determinants of balance status in the elderly. Methods: This cross-sectional study is part of a cohort study, "investigation of the health status of elderly in Amirkola City", which was performed on 1616 old people aged≥ 60 years, (response rate 72 %). The baseline data of this study were collected in the Center for Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Centre of the Babol University of Medical Sciences during March 2011 to July 2012. We considered the age, sex, physical activity, quadriceps muscle strength, daily activity, serum level of vitamin D, BMI, number of comorbidities and orthostatic hypotension as independent variables. Using the results of Berg balance test, the balance status of participants (as dependent variable) was categorized into two groups: score between 41-56 as normal (low risk of fall) and score < 41 as balance disorder (medium or high risk of fall). Then, the association of independent variables with balance status were evaluated in the logistic regression model. Results: The mean and standard deviation of participants' age was 69.37±7.6 years, 54.7% of them were men and 7.5% of them had balance disorder. The odds ratio of medium or high falls in women to men, the number of comorbidities, having strong quadriceps to weak muscles, seniors aged 80 years and over, to 60-69, seniors with high physical activity to low physical activity, daily activities were (OR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.0-4.1), (OR=1.7, 95%CI: 1.0-2.9), (OR=0.05, 95%CI: 0.0-0.4), (OR=5.0, 95%CI: 2.3-10.6), (OR=0.3, 95%CI: 0.1-0.6), (OR=14.4, 95%CI: 3.4-60.4), respectively and statistically significant. The odds ratio of fall for vitamin D, orthostatic blood pressure and BMI variables did not show any statistically significant differences. The results of the analysis showed that the balance in all age groups in men was better than women. Conclusion: Weak quadriceps, aging, being a woman and having comorbidities are the most important risk factors of balance disorder in the elderly. Abstract a a


Abstact: The aim of the research project was to carry out the co-digestion of organic fraction of solid municipal waste in the form of source separated kitchen waste and sewage sludge. The influence of the kitchen waste as a co-substrate on the stability and efficiency of the process was determined. Mesophilic fermentation (36 ̊C) was conducted for sewage sludge as well as mixtures of sewage sludge and biowaste based on TS proportions. Moreover, the susceptibility of the digested samples to dewatering was assessed. The kitchen waste turned out to be highly desirable as cosubstrate for methane fermentation. It exhibited a positive influence on the total biogas production, process stability, organic matter reduction (VS) as well as biogas yield. The sample with a TS proportion of 60% from kitchen biowaste turned out to be optimal. The capillary suction time (CST) measurement showed that co-digestion did not change significantly dewatering properties of the fermentation digestate.


This paper analyzes the effect of foreign ownership of firms on trade patterns and on the values of firms in a trade model based on imperfect competition when residents of non-trading countries can possess shares of exporting and import-competing firms located in trading countries. International trade and production patterns are shown to be determined by the extent of non-trading countries' combined ownership of the exporting and the import-competing firms. The paper also argues that international equity arbitrage can endogenously determine that extent. [F23]


Abstract One of the main discussions about the interaction between morphology and syntax revolves around the richness or poverty of features and wherever this richness/poverty is found either in the syntactic structure or the lexical items. A phenomenon subject to this debate has been syncretism, especially in theories that assume late insertion such as Distributed Morphology. This paper delves into the syncretism observed between the first person plural and the third person in the clitic domain in some Spanish dialects. Our analysis will lead to a revision of the distribution of person features and their relationship with plural number, while at the same time it will shed light on other morphological alternations displayed in Spanish dialects; that is, subject-verb unagreement and mesoclisis in imperatives. In order to explain the behavior of the data under discussion, I propose that lexical items are specified for all the relevant features at the moment of insertion, although the values of these features can be neutralized. I argue that the distribution proposed allows for some fundamental generalizations about the vocabulary inventories in Spanish varieties, and shows that the variation pattern exhibits an *ABA effect, i.e., only contiguous cells in a paradigm are syncretic.


Introduction/Background. With the now emerging adult congenital heart disease population, we have established a Congenital Cardiac ICU (CCICU) with majority pediatric and some adult congenital heart disease population in an urban tertiary care institution. With this mixed population, in-situ simulation provides a feasible platform for improvement in team dynamics. Based on crisis resource management and resilience engineering from the aviation industry we built this on the principle of arrest in CCICU patient being an irregular threat; one that could be anticipated and imagined but still rare. The response to this threat requires an improvisation of a routine response. Critical care teams perform many activities where effective communication is crucial for ensuring patient safety …


23 Cryptococcosis is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, especially in 24 AIDS patients. Its treatment is carried out by combining amphotericin B and azoles or 25 flucytosine, which cause unavoidable toxicity issues to the host. Thus, the urgency in 26 obtaining new antifungals drives the search for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This 27 study aimed to extend the understanding of the mechanism of action of an AMP analog 28 from wasps peptide toxins, MK58911-NH2, on Cryptococcus neoformans. It was also 29 evaluated if MK58911-NH2 can act on cryptococcal cells in macrophages, biofilms, and 30 an immersion zebrafish model of infection. Finally, we investigated the structure31 antifungal action and the toxicity relation of MK58911-NH2 fragments and a derivative 32 of this peptide (MH58911-NH2). The results demonstrated that MK58911-NH2 did not 33 alter the fluorescence intensity of cell wall binding dye calcofluor or capsulebinding 34 dye 18b7 antibody-FITC of C. neoformans, but rather reduced the number and size of 35 fungal cells. This activity reduced the fungal burden of C. neoformans both in 36 macrophages and in zebrafish embryos as well as within biofilms. Three fragments of 37 the MK58911-NH2 peptide showed no activity against Cryptococcus or toxicity in lung 38 cells. The derivative peptide MH58911-NH2, in which the lysine residues of MK5891139 NH2 were replaced by histidine, reduced the activity against extracellular and 40 intracellular C. neoformans. On the other hand, it was active against biofilm, and 41 reducing toxicity. In summary, the results showed that peptide MK58911-NH2 could be 42 a promising agent against cryptococcosis. The work also opens a perspective for the 43 verification of the antifungal activity of other derivatives. 44


. We establish a Harnack inequality for solutions of difference elliptic-partial differential equations with bounded and measurable coefficients. To do it, we need to consider local estimates which are analogue to, but more complicated than those for elliptic and parabolic equations.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Duyiwei Jiaonang combined with opioid analgesics in relieving moderate cancer pain. Methods 50 cases of malignaucy with moderate tumor ache were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. The control group was given opioid analgesics. Besides that,the treatment group was intervened with Duyiwei Jiaonang additionally,3 capsules every time,3 times a day. After two weeks,the pain releasing correlative factors of life quality( such as sleep,anxiety,depression) were observed. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group( 92%) was obviously higher than of the control group( 60%). There was a significant difference( P0.05); 4 cases( 16%) in control group had adverse actions( nausea,vomiting) while 2 cases( 8%) in treatment group. There was no any significance in comparing the incidence of adverse action( P0.05).Conclusion The treatment of Duyiwei Jiaonang combined with opioid analgesics shows good effect in relieving moderate cancer pain and improves the patients' quality of life. It's worth applying and popularizing.


The certainty of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly during earthquakes in Java Island was still not clear identified. This research tried to identify any possibilities of SST anomaly during earthquake in Southern Java Island. It used Google Earth Engine datasets including daily NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI): Sea Surface Temperature Version 2 which has resolution of 0.25 arc degrees for 20 years and processed them to depict SST trends in pre-earthquake and post-earthquake situation. The statistic test of t-Test Paired Two Sample was also applied to certain the significant difference of SST in both situations. SST fluctuation during the earthquake was still inconsistent and unclear to consider as an anomaly. There were other complicated factors excluding earthquake to influence SST fluctuation. The earthquake did not trigger directly to fluctuate SST, even not to make it being an anomaly.


The COSMIC 5018 Project was launched to address the need for some key MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) oriented toward large-volume applications in a wide frequency range (1-20 GHz). The authors review these activities, giving information on the results achieved so far. The general framework of the European Community MMIC activities is also described.<<ETX>>


465 undergraduate students were surveyed with the Scale of Going into the World and Leaving the World by using the stratified random sampling method.Questionnaire recovered after use SPSS19.0 data management and statistics.Results show that the college students' psychological status of going into is stronger than that of leaving the mundane world.Factors such as different degree,grade level,family upbringing and family economic situation have different dramatic influences on college students' pursuit of psychological status of going into the of undergraduates world or leaving the mundane world.


Abstract Uptake of arsenic, molybdenum, uranium and vanadium by species of natural vegetation (Agrostis capillaris, Betula pendula, Calluna vulgaris, and Deschampsia flexuosa) on two contrasting, highly acid soils (pH of soil solution 4.2–4.3), differing in natural abundance of these elements, was compared. the soil developed from alum shale was rich in these elements, the soil from a gneiss moraine was poor in these elements. Leaf/ above ground biomass concentrations were positively related to soil concentrations of the elements, but least closely for uranium, and vanadium tended to be excluded by the plants, compared to arsenic, and especially to molybdenum. the relationships between soil and plant concentrations were broadly similar whether nitric acid-digestible or the much lower DTPA extractable soil fractions were considered. Leaf concentrations of plants from the shale and the gneiss soil, respectively, ranged 1.41–2.76 and 0.30–0.58 nmolg−1 dry weight for arsenic, 14–140 and 0.5–9.6 for molybdenum, 0.031–0.069 and 0.013–0.030 for uranium, 2.3–6.4 and 0.75–3.3 for vanadium.


Abstract A novel meshless numerical procedure based on the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) and the heat polynomials is proposed for recovering a time-dependent heat source and the boundary data simultaneously in an inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). We will transform the problem into a homogeneous IHCP and initial value problems for the first-order ordinary differential equation. An improved method of MFS is used to solve the IHCP and a finite difference method is applied for solving the initial value problems. The advantage of applying the proposed meshless numerical scheme is producing the shape functions which provide the important delta function property to ensure that the essential conditions are fulfilled. Numerical experiments for some examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


This paper proposes a novel algorithm for compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction of color images. First of all, to better describe color image characteristics, we take inter-channel correlation into consideration and present two types of regularization, including inter-channel correlation-based nonlocal low-rank (ICNL) regularization and inter-channel correlation-based total variation (ICTV) regularization. Afterwards, both regularization terms are incorporated into the minimization problem, and an efficient algorithm is proposed to solve the joint formulation, by using a split-Bregman-based technique. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, four benchmark methods are compared, and the experiments are carried out on several color images with different subrates.


Trypanosoma evansi is a causative agent of Surra disease, which can cause death on infected animals. Surra disease treatment using commercial drugs are expensive, so that it is necessary to look for an alternative drug based on herbal medicine. The present study was carried out to investigate the pathological feature of infected mice after being treated with ethanolic extract of kipahit leaves (Tithonia diversifolia). Forty two male mice weighted 25-30 g of DDY strain were used and divided into seven groups Each group consisted of six mice as replication i.e. uninfected mice as a negative control (P 0), mice infected 104/0.3 mL T. evansi intra peritoneally as a positive control (P 1), uninfected mice treated orally by ethanol extract of kipahit 25 mg/kg BW(P2), infected mice treated orally by ethanol extract of kipahit 25 mg/kg BW then gave booster (P2) on day 6 post infection – double doses (P3), infected mice treated orally by ethanol extract of kipahit 25 mg/kg BW – single dose (P4), infected mice treated by commercial drug – single dose (P5) and infected mice treated by commercial drug – double doses (P6). Anatomy pathological lessions such as splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and pailness of kidney could be identified in mice organs. The histopathologycal lessions such as edema, hemorhhage, infiltration of inflamatory cells and trypanosome parasites in blood vessels could found in liver, kidney, lung, cardiac, spleen tissues of mice, edema also vasculitis found in cerebrum. It was concluded that intraperitoneal administration kipahit ethanol extract at dose 25 mg/BW might potentially reduce the number of T. evansi in the bloodstream of infected animals, but could not prevent and recover from T. evansi inducing organs damage.


Travel time estimation is a strategically important service in urban environments for personalized and eco-friendly route planning optimization, congestion avoidance, ridesharing and taxi dispatching. However, storing and retrieving traffic data in specific spatiotemporal regions is not an easy task as the data generated by these systems are typically very large and dynamic. In this paper we propose an efficient and scalable solution for real-time travel time estimation of trajectories. In our system buses are used as speed probes to obtain real-time traffic data information and spatio-temporal trajectories are stored in a dynamic indexing system optimized for efficiently retrieving spatiotemporal data in real-time. Our experimental evaluation illustrates the efficiency and scalability of our approach.


Interpersonal influence attempts toward mothers and peers were examined in 75 five-year-olds. Consistent with a Piagetian view, children were less often immediately successful in their mother-directed attempts than in their peer-directed attempts. However, they were more often able to negotiate a compromise with mothers than with peers. This indicates that interaction with mothers may be more conducive to the development of social competence than interaction with peers. Linkages between both contexts were identified. Children who used abrasive strategies with mothers were agressive and unsuccesful with peers. Mother's influence strategies, assessed when children were toddlers and at age 5, predicted children's influence style with peers: Children whose mothers often used negative control were agressive and unsucessful; those whose mothers used polite guidance were rarely inarticulate or coercive; and those whose mothers often issued unclear command were less successful and less prosocial with their peer


Relations between Virasoro algebra and Krichever-Novikov (KN) algebra are investigated on a torus. Generators of the KN algebra are shown to be expressed by linear combinations of those of the Virasoro algebra. We also study the current algebra, which allows us to define the Krichever-Novikov-Kac-Moody (KNKM) algebra on the torus.


The effects of heating on both the reflectivity and layered structures of Mo/Si and Mo‐silicide/Si (MoSi2/Si and Mo5Si3/Si) multilayers were evaluated. The Cu‐Kα x‐ray reflectivity and the periodic length of the Mo/Si multilayer markedly decreased after heating at above 300 °C, while those of the Mo‐silicide/Si multilayers changed only slightly even after heating up to 600 °C. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed markedly less thermally induced deterioration in the Mo‐silicide/Si multilayers than in the Mo/Si multilayer, indicating that Mo‐silicide/Si multilayers have better heat resistance than Mo/Si multilayers.


The unification-based approach to processing attribute-value logic grammars, similar to Prolog interpretation, has become the standard. We propose an alternative, embodied in the Attribute-Logic Engine (ALE) (Carpenter 1993) , based on the Warren Abstract Machine (WAM) approach to compiling Prolog (Aït-Kaci 1991). Phrase structure grammars with procedural attachments, similar to Definite Clause Grammars (DCG) (Pereira — Warren 1980), are specified using a typed version of Rounds-Kasper logic (Carpenter 1992). We argue for the benefits of a strong and total version of typing in terms of both clarity and efficiency. Finally, we discuss the compilation of grammars into a few efficient low-level instructions for the basic feature structure operations.


A model for the amplitude statistics of radar sea clutter is introduced,and it is shown that for the same threshold coefficient,the probability of false alarm in "spiked" sea clutter is obviously higher than that in noise.Then the configuration map of a biparametric cell-averageing(CA-CFAR) detector is proposed,and the performance of this detector is analyzed by simulation.Finally,the real data detection results processed by the biparametric CA-CFAR detector and the traditional CA-CFAR method are compared.For a given probability of false alarm,the biparametric CA-CFAR detector can adaptively adjust its threshold coefficients in range to control the high probability of false alarm resulted from sea clutter.