We present the first large-scale empirical application of reinforcement learning to the important problem of optimized trade execution in modern financial markets. Our experiments are based on 1.5 years of millisecond time-scale limit order data from NASDAQ, and demonstrate the promise of reinforcement learning methods to market microstructure problems. Our learning algorithm introduces and exploits a natural "low-impact" factorization of the state space.


The aim of this paper is to present a model that quantifies the level of QHSE culture maturity in a segment of the oil and gas industry, with recommendations to increase the level of QHSE awareness. The theoretical reference is based on the understanding of the premises about safety culture and its aspects, while the methodological approach of this article is based on an exploratory study supported by a research with QHSE specialists in the segment. After analyzing the results and discussions, it was verified that the safety maturity level is high but needs some improvement points. Results showed that the presented evaluation method can be effective to evaluate the current state of the safety maturity, however, it is necessary to follow some basic prerequisites for its implementation.


This study was focused on the investigation of the effect of using teaching methods on Students' Achievement in Writing Recount Text. This study discovered the effect of using Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) method on Students' Writing Achievement. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Tanjungbalai divided into two groups, namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by using CIRC method, while the control group was taught by using lecture method. The instrument of collecting data was writing recount test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. It was also obtained that tobserved is higher than ttable(2.603> 1.673) at the level of significance (α = 0.05) and degree of freedom (df) = 58. It means that null hypothesis was successfully rejected and alternative hypothesis was accepted. The result of this study showed that teaching writing by using CIRC method was higher than by using lecturing method. It implies that CIRC method is appropriate to be applied for writing.


The present invention by delivering a first gas mixture comprising a first organosilicon compound, the first oxidizing gas, and at least one hydrocarbon compound into the chamber at a sufficient vapor deposition conditions to deposit a low dielectric constant film of claim 1 on the substrate surface It relates to a method of processing the surface of the substrate. Claim is transmitted into the deposition conditions sufficient to deposit a second organic silicon compound and a second low dielectric constant film of the second gas mixture containing the oxidizing gas on the low dielectric constant film of the first chamber. Increasing the second flow rate of the oxidizing gas into the chamber, and the second flow rate of the organosilicon compound into the chamber is reduced to deposit the oxide-rich cap on the low dielectric constant film of the second.


Conventional Cipher Feedback Mode (CFB) can allow the transmission unit to be shorter than the block-cipher length. Eventually, it causes no delay and even any message expansion unlike the ECB and CBC mode of operation where encryption cannot begin unless and until a complete block of full-length (say 64 bits) plain-text data is available. However, because of stalling during the block encryption, CFB cannot provide low latency, low jitter; these are two imperative properties in the sense of real-time cryptography. For that, it is important that the input stream should not wait for the key-stream to be generated; that means, key-streams are required to be arranged in advance, which cannot be expected in case of the conventional CFB mode. Besides, the conventional Cipher Feedback Mode is also incompetent for such real-time crypto systems, where the integrity of the message is also greatly desirable along with privacy. In this article, we propose a variant of Cipher Feedback Mode, called, Integrity-Aware, Parallelizable Cipher Feedback Mode (IAP-CFB), which can guarantee all the aforesaid requirements, such as, low latency, low jitter, privacy, and integrity assurance, etc.


On November 15, 2001, The American Journal of Sports Medicine entered cyberspace. On that day, we commenced online publishing of the Journal (www.ajsm.org). We took another giant leap ahead into the virtual world on December 2, 2002. That is the day that we began implementation of BenchPress, our electronic manuscript management system. BenchPress is another service of Highwire Press, the Stanford University Library-affiliated company that publishes our journal electronically. Under the BenchPress system, a submitted manuscript can (theoretically) pass from the author's computer through the entire review process and never be printed on paper until it appears in the published journal. Authors can now submit papers by accessing the appropriate web page, http://ajsm-submit.highwire.org/. Once there, detailed instructions lead them through the submission process. They only need to upload their paper and supplemental material, such as tables and figures, into the proper windows. At the same time, they can provide information regarding research funding and potential conflicts of interest. They will be asked to print out the copyright transfer and financial disclosure forms, which still must be signed by all authors and returned to the editorial office. In addition, authors can suggest possible reviewers for their manuscripts and also list any individuals who they would like excluded as potential reviewers. Once the paper has been uploaded, a PDF (portable document format) file will be created. When this process is accomplished, the author will have the opportunity to review the PDF file to verify that it is accurate and complete. Because the submissions are now being reviewed in a blinded fashion, authors should take care to eliminate any identifying information from their text. A few clicks of the mouse will suffice to "beam" the manuscript and associated data to a server computer at Highwire Press. The computer will notify the AJSM Charlottesville staff of the arrival of the paper. The staff can then log in the new paper and move it into the Editor's New Manuscript Queue. I can access the same server from my office in Illinois to see what manuscripts have arrived in my queue that day. Using a computerized database, I can determine which reviewers have the relevant expertise to review the work and whether they are currently occupied with other manuscripts. Once the Editor selects the reviewers, the BenchPress server notifies them that they have been assigned a paper for review. If a reviewer cannot evaluate a paper in a timely manner due to other commitments, he or she will be able to alert the Journal quickly, so that a new individual can be substituted. The reviewers can read the paper online or print out the PDF file if they like to curl up in an easy chair with an old-fashioned paper manuscript. The electronic manuscript will have one major advantage over its paper counterpart: Many of the entries in the reference list will be active "hot links" to the corresponding papers. This will make it easy for the reviewers to peruse the relevant references with a few more clicks. The BenchPress server is programmed to send reviewers a courteous reminder if their evaluations are overdue. I will also be notified when reviews are tardy. When all the reviews have been submitted, the server will move the paper into the Editor's Decision Queue. I can then read the reviews and formulate an initial decision. When revisions are requested, the authors can again submit them electronically. The process continues in a similar manner until a final decision is reached. Whenever computers increase their role in an evaluation process, there is a risk that they will appear to have a dehumanizing effect. Rest assured that humanoid life forms are behind each stage of the process, making the decisions and monitoring the progress of each submission. We hope that the only human elements that will be reduced are the delays that can occur during the evaluation of a manuscript. As we boldly go where the AJSM has not gone before, we hope that our authors will appreciate the increased speed and efficiency of our Enterprise.


⎯The experience in organizing the creation of innovative immunobiological drugs and vaccines is discussed—from laboratory developments to industrial technologies and the registration of finished forms of effective and safe drugs that are in demand in the domestic and foreign markets. The principles of their action rely on the latest global achievements in the field of immunobiology and vaccinology.


SUMMARY This report is concerned with the geology and mineral resource potential of the Little Lake George, Juniper Prairie, Billies Bay, and Alexander Springs Wildernesses, and the Baptist Lake Roadless Area in the Ocala National Forest, Florida. The five areas are underlain by sedimentary rocks having low potential for metallic minerals. Peat is the most important identified resource in these areas. The Billies Bay Wilderness contains an estimated 2 million tons of air-dried peat, the Little Lake George Wilderness contains an estimated 750,000 tons, end the Juniper Prairie Wilderness contains an estimated 700,000 tons. The other areas do not contain peat resources. Phosphate-bearing rocks are present in all the areas, but the deposits of phosphate are subeconomic at the present time. In general, the phosphate deposits are below the present economic standard for grade (28 percent phorohorus pentoxide (PoOg)) and tonnage, and are slightly high in deleterious elements, such as magnesium, calcium, iron, and aluminum. The ratio of thickness of overburden to thickness of phosphate rock, however, is slightly above economic standards. The general area has a low potential for oil and gas, indicated by numerous holes drilled in the vicinity that were abandoned as dry and by the absence of the formations that produce hydrocarbons in south Florida and in the western panhandle of Florida. Nearly pure limestone underlies the study areas, but it is deeply buried. Kaolinitic and smectitic clays are present in the area, but these have little value. The kaolinite in the Citronelle(?) Formation is only about 15 percent by weight of the total rock, which is far too impure tc be of value. Lenticular beds of smectitic clay in the Hawthorn Formation are too deeply buried to be minable. No commercial heavy-mineral deposits are known to be present in the areas, and none are likely to be found. Heavymineral concentrations in the surficial sand average only about one-tenth as much as in minable deposits. The only mining in the region was of surficial clayey sand that was used as road metaL These dcoosits, however, are not considered useful because virtually unlimited quantities of clayey sand are present at the surface outside of the five areas.


The paper studies the political and economic determinants of regional public transfers. Specifically, it focuses on how such transfers are shaped by alternative fiscal constitutions, where a constitution is an allocation of fiscal instruments across different levels of governments plus a procedure for the collective choice of these instruments. Realistic restrictions on fiscal instruments introduce a tradeoff between risk sharing and redistribution. Different constitutions produce very different results. In particular, a federal social insurance scheme, chosen by voting, provides overinsurance, whereas an intergovernmental transfer scheme, chosen by bargaining, provides underinsurance.


We present torsional pendulums based on small bundles of single‐walled carbon nanotubes and ultimately on individual single‐walled carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes serve as mechanical support and torsional spring for a lithographically defined metal plate. The plate can be actuated in an electric field and the device is operated inside the transmission electron microscope. In comparison with previous works we have built mechanically much more fragile devices, i.e. almost three orders of magnitude heavier suspended metal structures, and metal blocks suspended on smaller diameter nanotubes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The flux distribution in the end region of turbogenerators close to the stator surface is analysed with particular reference to the unwanted axial component of flux. It is shown that axial flux levels at the stator surface can be considerably reduced by making the rotor shorter than the stator and by stepping or rounding the stator ends. The influence of conducting screens is studied, and it is shown that these produce flux concentrations at their edges.


Objective: To analyze the knowledge and difficulties in the assistance provided by trauma emergency nurses to patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) in a tertiary hospital located in RecifePE. Method: This is a cross-sectional study with a complementary quantitative and qualitative approach that was conducted in the Trauma Emergency Unit of the Hospital da Restauração, RecifePE. Data were collected in June 2021 using a questionnaire that assessed 4 domains of mechanical ventilation knowledge, these being: initial setting of the invasive ventilator and conventional ventilatory modes, monitoring the patient on ventilatory support, nursing care in patients on invasive ventilatory support, and sedation and analgesia during mechanical ventilation. The difficulties were measured by means of open questions at the end of the questionnaire. Inclusion criteria were: being a nurse assistant in the Trauma Emergency Department. Nurses working in administrative positions, on vacation or on leave during the data collection period were excluded. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee through opinion #4.704.572 and all participants previously signed the Informed Consent Form (TCLE). Results: Thirty nurses were analyzed, 80% were women, 43.5% were married and 67% were between 31 and 42 years old. As for the time of training in higher education, 40% revealed having up to 10 years of graduation, without other graduation in 87% of respondents and reported not having a technical course in nursing in 83%. Nursing care to patients on invasive ventilatory support, especially with regard to handling, as well as cleaning and conservation of equipment was deficient among the interviewees. Sedation and analgesia during mechanical ventilation were deficient when the use of neuromuscular blockade for deep sedation and adequate monitoring of the level of consciousness were mentioned. Among the difficulties when assisting the patient under mechanical ventilation, one can include the correct management of the ventilator, as well as the adjustment of its parameters adequate for each patient, ventilator assembly, interpreting the parameters, as well as the existence of high demand, lack of material to maintainadequate sedation of the patient, and prevention of ventilator-related accidents. As a facility, care actions such as assisting the intubation procedure, decubitus monitoring, sedation installation, basic parameters maintenance and endotracheal suctioning were mentioned. Conclusions: The authors suggest that continued education and specific training actions should be implemented to improve the assistance of nurses who assist MV patients in emergency units.


Research innovation capacity was one of the most important aspects of measuring the quality of graduate education.The current status and insufficiencies of cultivating the research innovation capacity of engineering graduates were analyzed,the connotation and performance of research innovation capacity were described,a new cultivation mode was established,and implementation strategies and guarantees were proposed for improving the research innovation capacity of engineering graduates.


INTRODUCTION
Infants born to women living with HIV initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) late in pregnancy are at high-risk of intrapartum infection. Mother/infant perinatal antiretroviral intensification may substantially reduce this risk.

METHODS
In this single arm Bayesian trial, pregnant women with HIV receiving standard of care ARV prophylaxis in Thailand (maternal antenatal lopinavir-based cART; non-breastfed infants 4 weeks postnatal zidovudine) were offered 'antiretroviral intensification' (labor single-dose nevirapine plus infant zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine for two-weeks followed by zidovudine-lamivudine for two-weeks) if their antenatal cART was ≤8 weeks before delivery. A negative birth HIV-DNA PCR followed by a confirmed positive PCR defined intrapartum transmission. Prior to study initiation, we modeled intrapartum transmission probabilities using data from 3,738 mother/infant pairs enrolled in our previous trials in Thailand using a logistic model, with perinatal maternal/infant antiretroviral regimen and predicted viral load at delivery as main covariates. Using the characteristics of the women enrolled who received intensification, prior intrapartum transmission probabilities (credibility intervals; CrI) with/without intensification were estimated. After including the observed transmission data in the current study, the corresponding Bayesian posterior transmission probability was derived.

RESULTS
No intrapartum transmission of HIV was observed among the 88 mother/infant pairs receiving intensification. The estimated intrapartum transmission probability was 2·2% (0·5-6·1) without intensification versus 0·3% (95%CrI 0·0-1·6) with intensification. The probability of superiority of intensification over standard of care was 94·4%. Antiretroviral intensification appeared safe.

CONCLUSION
Mother/infant antiretroviral intensification was effective in preventing intrapartum transmission of HIV in pregnant women receiving ≤8 weeks antepartum cART.


The liquid structure of Ga-24.6%In eutectic alloy at room temperature was studied by using the X-ray diffractometer for liquid metals, and the intensity curve, structure factor, pair distribution function and the nearest neighbor distance were obtained. The experimental results show that the first peak of structure factor of eutectic Ga-In alloy has pronounced asymmetry, which indi- cates part of gallium covalence bonds are preserved in melt. A structural model of eutectic Ga-In alloy was constructed. The calculated results through the model are in good agreement with ones through Gauss decomposition. The measured viscosity of eutectic changes exponentially with temperature in the range of 100-600 ℃,showing no structural transformation in melt. A formula between viscosity and temperature was given.


In this paper, a jumping gene genetic algorithm is adopted to identify the topology of biological neural networks. The neural network is modeled with Hindmarsh-Rose neurons with synaptic coupling. Based on a single observable state of each neuron, it is possible to reveal the topology of the entire network under a framework of synchronization. The simulation results demonstrate that the topological structure of a neural network can be estimated accurately even if the exact models of the neurons are unknown.


ABSTRACT Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected neutrophil degranulation could exacerbate inflammation. Thus, the degranulation of infected neutrophils was assayed. Infected neutrophils expressed CD11b and CD66b, and supernatants of infected neutrophils showed more proMMP-9 and MMP-9 activity than controls and continued to do so for ≥18 h. Degranulation-related inflammatory tissue injury may account for some clinical manifestations in human granulocytic anaplasmosis.


Th e Catholic Church went through a series of institutional changes between the coup d'etat of 1955 and 1976. Changes that appeared since the 1950s were reoriented by the reforms of the Second Vatican Council. Th is process, under a climate of increasing violence and political instability, had confl icting moments. It is the intention of this article to approach the process from a diocesan perspective, observing the diff erent ecclesiastical agendas and relationships, institutional changes and interactions between bishop, priests and laity in a diocese that sought to implement the Council's reforms and in which there was no confl ict between hierarchy and clergy.


Experimental sprays were evaluated for control of STLM and possible deleterious effects on STLM parasitoids. The treatments were applied to nonreplicated 1.6-acre plots in The Dalles, OR, on a mixed planting of approximately 50-year old Bing, Black Republican, and Napoleon sweet cherry trees. The materials were applied on 14 Jul using an Orchardmaster sprayer with a 200 gpa output. Diazinon was applied on 23 Aug to 0.5 of the Vendex + Dimilin plot and the check plot to observe possible parasitoid disruption. STLM damage was assessed by counting both the sap-feeding and tissue-feeding mines in leaves removed from current season Napoleon shoots. Mine counts were taken from a proximal, distal and middle leaf from each of 45 shoots/plot. The same sampling procedure was used on 9 Sep but only tissue-feeding mines were counted. Apanteles sp. were trapped on Pherocon AM yellow stickey traps hung 6 ft high on the north side of trees for approximately 1 wk. A ratio of the average no. ol Apanteles sp. trapped, divided by tissue-feeding mines/leaf was calculated to determine parasitoid disruption from the sprays. Average monthly temperatures were: Jul 79.8°F, Aug 70.9°F, Sep 58.0°F. Monthly rainfall in inches was: Jul 0.02, Aug 0.29, Sep 0.43.


F o r t h e l a s t d e c a d e , we h a v e o p e r a t e d 1 4 l a r g e marine mesocosms (13 m ) t o model a wellmixed, h igh s a l i n i t y (30 "/,,) c o a s t a l system. Mid-Narragansett Bay, R. I. h a s been t h e n a t u r a l r e f e r e n c e s t a t i o n . These sys tems, however, are capable of being adapted t o s i m u l a t e o t h e r natur a l s i t u a t i o n s . Recent i n t e r e s t i n t h e behavior of low s a l i n i t y e s t u a r i e s has l e d u s t o develop a s a l i n i t y g r a d i e n t model s u i t a b l e f o r biogeochemical experiments. We adapted 4 mesocosm t a n k s t o create a sali n i t y g r a d i e n t . River water was in t roduced a t one end of t h e system and seawater (30 "/,,) was in t roduced a t t h e o t h e r . D i l u t e s a l i n i t i e s of 5 "/,,, 10 "/", a n d 30 '/", were m a i n t a i n e d between t h e s e two extremes. A i r d r i v e n d i s placement pumps t h a t are non-des t ruc t ive t o p lankton were des igned t o t r a n s f e r water "up" and "down" t h e g r a d i e n t and c a l i b r a t e d t o maint a i n a 27 day turnover time i n each tank . I n t h i s d e s i g n t h e same equipment a l l o w s a wide range of o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s . 3


The work investigates the relationship between evaluation and progression of the learnings concerning the writing at the end of the literacy cycle. For that, we discussed the relationship among literacy, school organization and progression as well as the necessary knowledge to the consolidation of the literacy process. We presented, still, results of a research that accomplished interviews with two educational of the third year of the literacy cycle, observations of classes and writing (words and texts) activity with the children of the two groups. This research had as objective investigates the consideration (give) of the relationship among the knowledge on the writing, evaluation and progression in the end of the literacy cycle. The results indicate similar methodologies and the teachers' compromising with the children's learning, because all joined more knowledge about the writing and the textual production at the end of the school year. Finally, we problematized the directions of the schools with base in the learnings of the children at the end of that period.


Abstract A stability analysis was carried out using nine single crosses and fifteen diverse three-way crosses for nine traits across three locations viz., Dharwad, Annigeri and Raichur during Kharif 2006. The analysis of variance for stability revealed significant differences among the hybrids for all the characters except head diameter and 100 seed weight. The additive environmental variance found to be of considerable magnitude as indicated by the significance of variance due to environment (linear) for all the characters thus implying that no simple relationship existed between genotypes and the environment. The single cross hybrids CMS 17 A x RHA-95-C-1 and DCMS 51 A x RHA-6D-1 excelled in their mean performance for seed yield however, two three-way hybrids CMS 234 A x DSI-2 x RHA-6D-1 and DCMS 51 A x DSI-1017 x RHA-6D-1 regarded as the best for high seed yield besides well adaptability. Diversification of leading single cross hybrids such as RSFH-1, KBSH-44, KBSH-1 and DCMS 51 A with inbreds DSI-2 and DSI-1017 and consequent their three way crosses excelled in performance for a majority of the traits such as head diameter, number of filled seeds per head, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant.


Carrier relaxation in tunnel-injection quantum structures are analyzed using thousands-sets of rate equations of each quantum state. The results suggest that modulation-bandwidth of TI-QW lasers is broaden by suppression of lack of carriers.


Since 1950 modern demographic history has witnessed more than a doubling of world population a rise of over 15 years in life expectancy and a decline of average total fertility rate from 5 to 3.5 children/woman. The next 79 years will see a final doubling of population size with aging societies. Human aspirations will be constrained by environmental stresses. Demography has roots in classical political economy with malthus as progenitor and is concerned with life tables and actuarial techniques of population dynamics represented by Graunt Halley Deparcieux and Lotka. Demography assesses social change to account for post transition trends in fertility mortality and family structure; the potential human life span; and family decay. Although demographers have dismissed sociobiology behavioral demography examines social economic and cultural behaviors governing fertility and mortality in addition to vital events. Family change in high-fertility Africa or the low-fertility West is highly relevant for forecasting future fertility as are rules of family and household formation labor market practices and the national administrative systems. In the late 1990s and the early 21st century the UNs or World Banks demographic projections assume a smooth demographic transition and thereafter a stationary population. Post-Cold War liberalized economies and multiparty democracies may be left with scant economic and political resources. North-South issues have been sidelined but demographic regimes may be regarded as serious social science if its content is defined by subject matter rather than by methodological approach therefore it should adopt a deliberate eclecticism with cross-disciplinary range.


Recently there are many different types of the researches on organophosphates. The results on neurotoxicity can make people find out the treatments on organophosphate-poisoning. The parathion and chlorpyrifos are two typical types of organophates to be examples of the researches. The aim of researches is to find out the neurotoxicity of organophosphates to the mammalian animals. In vitro model, the aggregating cell culture of fetal rat telencephalon, has been used to investigate the different factors of neurotoxicity. The results show that the inhibition of parathion to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is more effective than the chlorpyrifos. It shows that 2qthe in immature culture, the effect of parathion tends to be more effective. The cell culture treated by parathion is more sensitive than the neuro-specific enzyme activities. On the contrast, the chlorpyrifos have week induced reaction and are only effective on the influenced concentration. In general, the immature culture is more sensitive to OPs treatment than the differentiated culture. Moreover, the general cytotoxicity of chlorpyrifos and parathion are both low. The results show that there are many differences between neurotoxicity of parathion and chlorpyrifos. By taking look of the differences, the separative treatment can be found in the future.


Long-range coupling between the amino proton and the C-5 ring proton of N-methyl 2-carbomethoxy-4,6-dinitroaniline (1) was established unequivocally by comparison of the proton magnetic resonance spectra of the 3-d and 5-d analogs of 1 together with the N-deutero derivatives of the above compounds. Deuterium decoupling experiments indicated that meta-deuterium coupling was of the order of band resolution (< 0.2 Hz). Elucidation of the source of long-range coupling with the amino proton enabled the chemical shifts of the aromatic protons to be assigned. The relative magnitude of these chemical shifts is discussed in terms of the shielding effects operative in the predominant conformer in which the amino hydrogen is intramolecularly hydrogen bonded to the oxygen of the ester carbonyl group.


The aim of this work is to analyze metaphors in two Spanish newspapers, specifically in El Pais and La Razon during the Spanish general elections of 2011. This work is based on our own corpus compounded of several articles of these two newspapers. Then we apply to the metaphors found in the corpus ? and to the metaphorical linguistic expressions related to them ? two theories, specifically the conceptual metaphor theory by Lakoff and Johnson and the conventionality metaphor theory by Kovecses.


for violin and pianoThis piece draws on pentatonic folk tune material and is in rondo form. Both instruments imitate the drum beating with the music concluding with a climax of intensive double stopping and chords.


Abstract : Testing to quantify the performance of a soft recovery system was conducted at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's Transonic Experimental Facility. An on-board recorder (OBR) was inserted into 10 of the 14 rounds fired. Recovery of the OBR equated to recovering the projectile. This necessitated a soft recovery system for the 120-mm projectile. This report details the hardware and methodology used to create a soft recovery and notes about the results of testing.


Malignancies can affect the kidneys by direct invasion, metabolic and remote effects of tumour products, deposition of tumour products, triggering of immune reactions, and effects of treatment.
 Particular malignancy-associated renal diseases include the following:
 Thrombotic microangiopathy—particularly reported for malignancies of the stomach, pancreas, and prostate, and also with certain chemotherapeutic agents.
 Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome—rarely caused by lymphoma.
 Membranous nephropathy—associated with malignancy, usually of solid organs, in 5 to 11% of cases. Malignant disease is typically advanced and obvious when nephrotic syndrome or heavy proteinuria is recognized. Very few treatable and otherwise subclinical tumours are uncovered by investigation in routine clinical practice.
 Focal necrotizing and crescentic nephritis—may rarely be associated with malignancy, when they are usually antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody negative.
 Proteinuria—may be caused by agents that modulate interferons or vascular endothelial growth factors.


Background and Objective: Venezuela presents a health, socio-economic crisis (minimum wage of 2.32 US dollars monthly), and a political one. Apart from having very poor quality public services and coverage, such as water, public transport, electricity, and the Internet. In this context, COVID-19 appears. This pathology quickly became a pandemic since its transmission occurs mainly through contact with the secretions of infected patients or with contaminated surfaces. Health workers face a higher risk of infection than the rest of the population. For this reason, the objective of the work was to reduce this threat while working with patients with COVID-19, redesigning the original "spray box". To carry out this work, the university, private health providers and private companies had to be united.
Material and Methods: The following phases were carried out: a) A sketch is created; b) A 3D CD model is created; c) The prototype is manufactured; d) The prototype is improved; and e) The effectiveness and safety tests are carried out.
Results: As a result, the medical team obtained a tool to limit the spread of COVID 19 and thereby improve the health of the health workers involved. This instrument is called "Cube de Vie" (CubeDV).
Conclusions: to carry out a job in Venezuela is very complicated under the circumstances it presents, however, the joint work of three organizations such as the university, private health providers and private companies can generate solutions to the serious situation that the pandemic presents. .


The rapid transformation of the Internet from an academic and research-oriented network to a public network of networks without commercial use restrictions has motivated many companies to consider the Internet as a new medium for information and service exchange. Activity in deploying corporate Internet presences has exploded in the last year. Corporations are motivated by the promise of new distribution channels, rapid information delivery between themselves and their customers and suppliers, and reduced transaction costs. A corporate Internet presence might consist of an electronic mail gateway between the Internet and the corporation's existing computer network. The corporation might also extend its presence with on-line catalogs and electronic data interchange (EDI) transaction processing gateways.


Behcet disease is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of unknown origin. No standard therapy has been established. A patient of Turkish origin had Behcet disease with extensive and deep genital ulcers, which were treated with interferon alpha 2b 9 Mio. I.U. 3 times per week in combination with oral glucocorticosteroids. After 3,5 months the ulcers healed completely.


The reactivity of the open-shell Gd@C2v-C82 with different charge states towards benzyl bromide was investigated. [Gd@C2v-C82]3− exhibited enhanced activity relative to Gd@C2v-C82 and [Gd@C2v-C82]−. The structural characterizations, including MALDI-TOF MS, UV-vis-NIR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction, indicate the formation of isomeric benzyl monoadducts of Gd@C2v-C82. All three monoadducts contain 1:1 mirror-symmetric enantiomers. Additionally, the addition of the benzyl group and its specific position result in distinct electrochemical behavior of the products compared to the parent Gd@C2v-C82. Theoretical studies demonstrate that only [Gd@C2v-C82]3− has a HOMO energy level that matches well with the LUMO energy level of the PhCH2 radical, providing a rationalization for the observed significantly different reactivity.


ABSTRACT Wild felids in the Americas are generally considered as cultural icons and are respected and revered by most of the cultures. However, they are considered threatened across their ranges, mostly by habitat loss and fragmentation, and both direct and prey hunting. Small felids are usually seriously affected by retaliation hunting caused by conflicts derived from wild cats' predation on domestic animals; however, few records exist for subsistence hunting and consumption of these species by local communities. Here we report the hunting and consumption of and adult male jaguarundi in the Cordoba department of Colombia. The animal was hunted using dogs; the carcass was prepared and was saved for later consumption during religious holidays by the entire community. This represents the first direct record of jaguarundi consumption across its range, representing an important aspect for wild felids' conservation among rural marginalized communities across Latin America. Key Words: Carnivora, Colombia, Cordoba, felidae, poaching, Puma yagouaroudi , South America,  Palabras clave: Caceria, Carnivora, Colombia, Cordoba, Felidae, Puma yagouaroundi , Suramerica


A hyphenated system coupling flow injection (FI), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is proposed. Two interfaces were developed in order to couple all three systems: the first to couple FI to CE and the second to couple CE to ICP-MS. The first interface was a chamber with micro channels connecting the FI system to the electrophoresis capillary inlet. The capillary outlet was coupled to a concentric nebulizer in the ICP-MS by using the second interface with an electrolyte sheath flow and grounding electrode. Sample aliquots were sequentially introduced by the FI system with a few nanolitres being electrokinetically injected into the electrophoresis capillary in a reproducible manner. The system performed analysis of a continuous sequence of samples with no interruption of the applied voltage during sample replacement or column conditioning. The feasibility of this system was evaluated for Cr speciation.
The separation time was improved by forming an anionic complex between Cr(III) and DTPA. Therefore, the analysis of both Cr species, Cr(III)-DTPA2− and CrO42−, attained compatible sample processing between CE and the interfaced techniques FI and ICP-MS. The anionic chromium species were separated in less than 2 min by applying 20 kV in a phosphate electrolyte with TTAOH (tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide) as electroosmotic flow modifier adjusted to pH 8. The transient signals from both species monitored at m/z 53 were characterized by excellent resolution and precision. Peaks obtained using Cr(VI) and Cr(III) standard solutions with concentration ranging from 50 to 200 µg L−1 presented good correlation.


Abstract:Fanny Forrester (1852–89) was a dye worker and poet who lived in Salford, near Manchester. As a house poet of the popular working-class periodical Ben Brierley's Journal between 1868 and 1882, Forrester addressed a wide regional audience, which enabled her to redefine the imaginative possibilities of the working-class pastoral poem. This essay illustrates how her newspaper poetry referenced the social tensions surrounding representations of working-class women. By writing urban pastorals, Forrester demonstrated how factory women could be integrated into a conservative, masculine poetic genre.


Frequency scanning is a common method of BOTDR demodulation Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS). In the frequency scanning process, the electrical band-pass filter is important, and the bandwidth of the electrical filter has an effect on the performance of BOTDR. This paper focuses on the influence of band-pass filter (BPF) bandwidth on the measurement spectral width of BGS and spatial resolution of the frequency-scanning Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (FSBOTDR), which further affects the measuring performance of BOTDR. The law of BFS accuracy and spatial resolution (SR) with filter bandwidth is theoretically investigated by analyzing the work principle of FS-BOTDR in numerical and evaluating the Brillouin gain spectrum width. Five filters with bandwidths of 40MHz, 55MHz, 70MHz, 85MHz, 100MHz in 700MHz center frequency is selected to compare the spatial resolution and BFS accuracy, which depend on the BGS spectral width. The analyzing and experimental results show that the spatial resolution improves with increasing the filtering bandwidth. When filter bandwidth increases, the BGS spectral width could be broadened, means the sensitivity of the filter output power to the frequency shift is decreased, which caused the reducing of measurement accuracy. The research can be a theoretical basis and experimental guidance on the choosing of filter bandwidth for FSBOTDR.


In this note, we construct an equivalence of $\infty$-categories \[ \mathbf{H}^{\mathrm{fr},\mathrm{gp}}(S) \simeq \mathbf{H}^{\mathrm{fr},\mathrm{gp}}_{\mathrm{zf}}(S) \] of group-like framed motivic spaces with respect to the Nisnevich topology and the so-called Zariski fibre topology generated by the Zariski one and the trivial fibre topology introduced by Druzhinin, Kolderup, {\O}stv{\ae}r, when $S$ is a separated noetherian scheme of finite dimension. In the base field case the Zariski fibre topology equals the Zariski topology. For a non-perfect field $k$ an equivalence of $\infty$-categories of Voevodsky's motives \[\mathbf{DM}(k)\simeq\mathbf{DM}_{\mathrm{zar}}(k)\] is new already. The base scheme case is deduced from the result over residue fields using the corresponding localisation theorems. Namely, the localisation theorem for $\mathbf{H}^{\mathrm{fr},\mathrm{gp}}(S)$ was proved by Hoyois, and the localisation theorem for $\mathbf{H}^{\mathrm{fr},\mathrm{gp}}_{\mathrm{zf}}(S)$ is deduced in the present article from the affine localisation theorem for the trivial fibre topology proved by Druzhinin, Kolderup, {\O}stw{\ae}r.


With the changes in trends of disease pattern from infectious to chronic degenerative disease, cardiovascular disease has been considered as the major cause of death in Korea.Numerous studies have been done on the antioxidant effects of some vitamins in the prevention of chronic illness, but not many in relation to the cardiovascular disease.Therefore, the relation between antioxidant vitamins, mainly α-tocopherol (α-T) and B-carotene (B-C), and coronary artery disease (CAD) such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction has been investigated in this study.The blood samples were obtained from the CAD patients who were angiographically diagnosed within a month (100 case group). Patients who had an experience of PTCA or CABG were excluded from the study. Control subjects were healthy adults who had normal EKG values, no chest pain and no past history of cardiac disease (100 control group). All subjects were free of serum lipid lowering drugs. Serum α-T and B-C were analysed using HPLC. In addition to antioxidant vitamins, serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, TG) were also measured. Each case and control was matched in terms of age and sex. And all the CAD risk factors such as blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, serum lipid profile and BMI were adjusted to determine pure effect(s) of α-T and B-C on the CAD.The concentrations of both α-T and B-C were significantly lower in the CAD group than those in control group (P0.05); in CAD group, mean values of α-T and B-C were 11.9±7.2 (μg/ml), 35.8±3.1 (μg/dl) respectively. As for the levels of B-C, it shows inverse relation with age, but not for the α-T Ievels. Serum levels of both vitamins did not show any significant differences in terms of sex, but men have a tendency o higher levels of B-C,but lower levels of α-T


SummaryGPS-Disciplined Clocks (GPSDCs) are sensitive to their environment in many ways, and the susceptibility varies with different GPSDC designs. In the short term, temperature shocks can perturb the frequency of the disciplined local oscillator, causing shifts in the time output. Assuming the GPS receiver module is not separately impacted, GPSDC will return to its steady-state time and frequency setpoint, at least until the next environmental shock. We have tested three commercially available GPSDCs with varying results. Performance of these devices in various conditions will be described along with mitigation strategies, including variance of the control loop parameters.


The paper presents a new book published by the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen in 2020, belonging to the pen of one of the most talented culturologists of their first generation in Russia — Igor Alexandrovich Smirnov. The book was written during the work of I.A. Smirnov at the Department of Theory and History of Culture of Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen in 1993, but published for the first time. It is extremely relevant today both in the subject of research and in the method. It presents the original concept of Soviet literature and culture, based on the constructivist methodology. I.A. Smirnov convincingly shows that Soviet culture is a structure created according to the model of classical culture, but not spontaneously, that is, as a result of free creativity or traditions that existed for a long time, but by state order. The paper demonstrates the deformations that inevitably arise as a result of the implementation of such projects.


Abstract A close examination of the new Netflix series LUPIN reveals that, behind this fast moving, action packed, and entertaining mystery is a larger sociocultural commentary on the current state of race relations in France, and on how the state's colorblindness and social cohesion are but an illusion. Through a series of encounters with systemic racism, the protagonist demonstrates his ability to navigate within the limits of an inescapable universalist model, wielding the invisibilization of migrant and descendent communities to his advantage. Via almost magical sleight of hand, artful disguise, and cunning elusion of the authorities, he exposes the French Republic's blind spots and invites a more careful consideration of the deeper social tensions beyond his "Now you see me, now you don't" maneuvers.


The actual problem of adversarial attacks on classifiers, mainly implemented using deep neural networks, is considered. This problem is analyzed with a generalization to the case of any classifiers synthesized by machine learning methods. The imperfection of generally accepted criteria for assessing the quality of classifiers, including those used to confirm the effectiveness of protection measures against adversarial attacks, is noted. The reason for the appearance of adversarial examples and other errors of classifiers based on machine learning is investigated. A method for modeling adversarial attacks with a demonstration of the main effects observed during the attack is proposed. It is noted that it is necessary to develop quality criteria for classifiers in terms of potential susceptibility to adversarial attacks. To assess resistance to adversarial attacks, it is proposed to use the multidimensional EDCAP criterion (Excess, Deficit, Coating, Approx, Pref). We also propose a method for synthesizing a new EnAE (Ensemble of Auto-Encoders) multiclass classifier based on an ensemble of quality-controlled one-class classifiers according to EDCAP criteria. The EnAE classification algorithm implements a hard voting approach and can detect anomalous inputs. The proposed criterion, synthesis method and classifier are tested on several data sets with a medium dimension of the feature space.


Objective: Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone and has shown positive correlation with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in many studies. However, there are few studies investigating this relation in elderly people. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the fasting serum leptin level and MetS among older Taiwanese. Materials and Methods: The fasting serum leptin level was obtained from 62 Taiwanese participants over 65 years old and was measured using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit. MetS and its components were defined using diagnostic criteria from the International Diabetes Federation. Results: Thirty elderly participants (48.4%) had MetS. The serum leptin level was positively correlated with MetS (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the factors significantly associated with MetS showed that logarithmically transformed leptin (log-leptin, each increase 0.1 ng/mL log-leptin, odds ratio: 1.276, 95% confidence interval: 1.015–1.603,P= 0.037) was still an independent predictor of MetS in elderly persons. Univariable linear analysis showed that body weight (r = 0280,P= 0.028), body mass index (r = 0.417,P= 0.001), waist circumference (r = 0.419,P= 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (r = 0255,P= 0.046), log-insulin (r = 0436,P< 0.001), and logarithmically transformed homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = 0359,P= 0.004) positively correlated with fasting serum log-leptin levels. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis of the factors significantly associated with fasting serum log-leptin levels revealed that waist circumference (adjusted R2 = 0.083,P= 0.002), statin use (adjusted R2 = 0.058,P= 0.016), and female gender (adjusted R2 = 0.041,P= 0.034) were independent predictors of fasting serum log-leptin levels among elderly participants. Conclusion: In elderly Taiwanese, the serum leptin level was positively correlated with MetS. Waist circumference, statin use, and female gender were independent predictors of the fasting serum leptin level in elderly participants.


A second nematicidal principle isolated from Tagetes roots has been identified as 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2.2′-bithienyl. Upon catalytic hydrogenation 5-butyl-2.2′-bithienyl was obtained which by comparison of infrared spectra proved to be identical with a synthetically prepared sample. The 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithienyl was further characterized by its infrared absorption.


This paper presents a new tunable Impedance Matching Network (IMN) structure in frequency range of 23.4-31.9GHz for wideband fifth generation (5G) Power Amplifiers (PAs) by using RF-MEMS switches. In this IMN, to adjust the impedance in the central frequencies of the 5G, i.e. 26 and 28 GHz, voltage is applied to the switch. Simulation results show that S(1,1) is −67.8 dB for 26GHz and −43.8 dB for 28 GHz. In frequency range of 24.5-28.8 GHz, S(1,1) is always less than −10dB. Electrical and mechanical simulations in the Advance Design System (ADS) and COMSOL simulation software indicate the IMN's ability to adjust impedance for center frequencies.


Given the challenges in increasing activity levels of the population, an important factor in enhancing lifelong adherence to sport and physical activity are the early sporting experiences of children. To this end, coaching practice needs to be based on a principled application of motor learning theory. Current research using interceptive cricket actions as the task vehicle has demonstrated that movements are tightly coupled to information. These findings provide support for the constraint-led model proposed by Newell (1986) and highlight the need to develop learning approaches that adopt a more hand-off approach than traditional coaching.


The purpose of this study was to provide a qualitative description of the similarities and differences in the observed social communicative be haviours of three Mexican-American children, aged 7 to 9 years, identified as language handicapped. This research used primarily diary notes of daily observations, language samples of the children in their daily classroom interactions, and interviews with significant informants over a four-month period. Results indicated that two of the children had social communicative abilities that were different from the third child. These two children had friends who were from diverse achievement groups and who initiated conversations with them; they had the ability to initiate games, and used discreet gestures during communication with peers; and they had numerous group interactions. These two children's communication skills were not like those described in the literature for children interacting within the classroom and who have a language disorder.


In this issue of the Journal, Wade and colleagues1 present data on the outcomes of short, prophylactic courses of zidovudine administered to infants born to women infected with the human immunodefi...


Social media is considered to contribute to government accountability and transparency, human rights activism, the development of civil society and practices of citizenship. The use of mobile phones and the Internet, for example, allow for news of any inappropriate government actions to quickly reach the public and to be challenged. If you want to liberate a society just give them the internet. The objective of this study Analyze Social Media Peace Messages Campaigns in peace building since 2007 Elections. Kenyan bloggers became a critical part of the information flow in the country, starting from the three-day ban on live broadcasts, when it is reported that the web traffic from within Kenya shot through the roof. The study revealed that during the Kenya 2007 Elections, while the international media only scratched the surface of what was happening, and the traditional media partly resigned to censorship due to fears of repression, the social media offered swifter, more subjective, and more detailed coverage during a fast moving and changing situation this in turn resulted into the main stream media relying on social media sites for information as they quickly gained confidence from the general public. Further findings is that, the use of mobile phones SMSs was very effective in deescalating the violence during Kenya 2007/2008 PEV because people were able to make informed decisions. Other felt that SMSs was used widely to convey peace messages because charges are cheap and reliable. They were also used to share prayers for the Nation and loved ones. Chiefs could update the Communities by forwarding message of peace to many. Findings revealed that during the Kenya 2013 Election, for the first time social media offered an opportunity by allowing Kenyans to question candidates using short mobile phone messages. However during the Kenya 2007 Elections, the social media peace messages campaigns were not a standalone activities. The mainstream media incorporated various social media platforms in peace building. In Kenya, political conflict prevention is made easier by the fact that the violence occurs around elections; the mainstream Media in conjunction with various social media platforms has time to reach out to leaders beforehand, set up programs, test software, and organize networks of trusted reporters which promotes peace. The study recommends promotion of continued efforts that scrutinize Social media behavior is desirable. This is because it is very difficult to verify the authenticity and accuracy of Internet reports, including visual materials. Audiences may not know who, when, where, and under what circumstances a particular photo or video clip was taken. Geo-referencing: Another feature of great importance in contexts of peace building in fragile or conflict-affected situations is the possibility to include GPS coordinates in the data transmitted. GPS coordinates allow to link pieces of information to the exact location where they are reported and software may present this information visually and spatially. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 8, Issue 10, October 2018 641 ISSN 2250-3153 http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.10.2018.p8280 www.ijsrp.org


The first mechanism is self‐organized criticality. A saturation tendency of precipitation rate with the increasing column‐integrated water, reminiscence of critical phenomena, indicates self‐organized criticality. The second is a self‐regulation mechanism that is known as homeostasis in biology. A thermodynamic argument suggests that such self‐regulation maintains the column‐integrated water below a threshold by increasing the precipitation rate. Previous analyses of both observational data as well as cloud‐resolving model (CRM) experiments give mixed results. A satellite data analysis suggests self‐organized criticality. Some observational data as well as CRM experiments support homeostasis. Other analyses point to a combination of these two interpretations. In this study, a CRM experiment over a planetary‐scale domain with a constant sea‐surface temperature is analyzed. This analysis shows that the relation between the column‐integrated total water and precipitation suggests self‐organized criticality, whereas the one between the column‐integrated water vapor and precipitation suggests homeostasis. The concurrent presence of these two mechanisms are further elaborated by detailed statistical and budget analyses. These statistics are scale invariant, reflecting a spatial scaling of precipitation processes. These self‐organization mechanisms are most likely be best theoretically understood by the energy cycle of the convective systems consisting of the kinetic energy and the cloud‐work function. The author has already investigated the behavior of this cycle system under a zero‐dimensional configuration. Preliminary simulations of this cycle system over a two‐dimensional domain will be presented.


This article proposes a low-power reconfigurable multimode low-noise amplifier (LNA) that can be configured for multiple narrowband as well as wideband operations while providing simultaneous input matching and output load reconfigurabilty. A component sharing technique and a component-Q-aware impedance-matching technique are introduced in the proposed LNA circuit. The proposed LNA, implemented in a United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC) 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process, can operate in a narrowband mode with center frequencies around 1.8, 2.1, and 2.4 GHz as well as in a wideband mode (2–5 GHz). Measured results show that the LNA has achieved 14.1, 14.5, and 14.1 dB of voltage gain, 8.5, 8.2, and 8.7 dB of noise figure (NF) in 1.8-, 2.1-, and 2.4-GHz modes, respectively. In the wideband mode, the measured gain and the NF are 14.5 and 7.8 dB, respectively. The LNA consumes 2 and 3.8 mW of power from the 1.8-V supply in the narrowband and wideband modes, respectively.


Degenerative theory is used to analyze closed loop gain, closed loop input impedance and closed loop output impedance of operational amplifier circuit. Numerical value of the method computation is highly accurate.


Light barriers are well-known and widely used tools in numerous application areas, as diverse as engineering, sports sciences, social sciences, and nuclear physics. Besides their success and distribution, light barriers have to be calibrated by hand, which is at least cumbersome and error-prone in the field. This paper proposes a new light barrier architecture, which solves this problems by providing a self-calibration mechanism. The first prototypical implementation was successfully tested in two different environments. The system costs are as low as 30 USD, since the proposed system can be realized by off-the-shelf components.


Chemical reaction in the wear of MgO single crystals on steel was studied. When MgO single crystals were worn on the steel (S15C) disk at the sliding speed of 50 m/s and at the contact load of 200 g, an element and a state analysis of surface layers produced on the wear surface were carried out using the electron probe X-ray micro analyser.Oxidation of iron and diffusion of Fe into MgO single crystals were confirmed. The results of state analysis indicated that the oxide of iron was FeO and there was a diffusion process in MgO-FeO system in the wear interface. The interfacial material detected on the wear surface was magnesio-wustite. This wear may be also explained by a mechanism in which the surface layer was delaminated by fatigue caused after many cycles of repeated loading.


The invention provides a method for impregnating Chinese herb ingredients into wood. The method includes impregnating the wood in a soak solution containing the Chinese herb ingredients for an appropriate time under a high temperature and a high pressure, and drying the impregnated wood. The wood processed by the method is provided with a flavor of Chinese herbal medicines and a refreshment function, a healthy home environment is provided, damage to the wood by worms can be prevented effectively, and the service life of the wood can be prolonged.


Background: Peripheral vestibular disease is one of the most common and frustrating complaints in the Otolaryngological clinics. This study reviews causes, management and outcome of peripheral vestibular disease as seen in a tertiary health facility in a young ENT practice. Methods: A retrospective review of patients that were managed for peripheral vestibular disease over a five year period Results: A total of 42 patients with M: F ratio 1: 1.3. All the patients presented with vertigo with duration of attack in; second in 47.6%, minutes to hour in 35.7%, hours to days 7.1% and no definite pattern 2.4. Clinical World Journal of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2, No. 2, February 2014, PP: 01 11, ISSN: 2330 1341 (Online) Available online at http://www.wjmms.com 2 signs on neuro-otological examinations were elicited on 38.1%. Pure tone audiometry of 45.8% was abnormal; 20 % (mild HL), 16.7% (moderate HL) and 8.3% (severe HL). Eighteen patients (42.9%) have benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) and 35.7% had Meniere's disease. Conservatively management was successful in most of the patients. Conclusion: Effective management of peripheral vestibular disease depends on accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy. General practitioners should be informed about differential diagnosis of this condition and promptly refer difficult to diagnose patients to relevant specialist for proper evaluation and treatment. Copyright © WJMMS, all rights reserved.


This paper analyses the output waveforms produced by a three-phase inverter controlled by a microcontrolled inverter modulator (MIM) to drive an induction motor over a wide frequency range. The use of the counter number method allows implementation of a simple and accurate MIM, suitable for GTO or IGBT inverters.<<ETX>>


PURPOSE: A stylus and operating method thereof is provided to read a battery state and an identification number of a stylus, which was stored in a memory of the stylus, and to transmit the read data to a computer. CONSTITUTION: The device comprises a memory, a converter, a tip and a programmable interface. The memory stores data of a battery state and an identification number of the stylus. The converter converts the data, stored in the memory, into serial bit stream data. The tip outputs the converted serial bit stream data. The programmable interface enables a user to program the data stored in the memory. The data, stored at the memory, include a pressure imposed on the tip, a proximity or an opening of a cylindrical switch, and a battery state.


There is a role arranged for the dynasty in the Chinese traditional society.The rise or alteration of the dynasty had to meet the role expectation.And the role expectation about the dynasty had become the origin of the legitimacy of the dynasty.The common recognition,playing and its failure,and the alteration about the dynasty role had composed the continuous changes of the Confucian society.


At a time when choice remains a fundamental concept to holistic maternity care, ambulance services propose to implement a 'scoop and run' policy for all unplanned home births. While the safety of women and their babies remains paramount and pivotal in any service developments, it is essential that midwives continue to act as advocates for women and ensure that service changes continue to provide women-centred care. As the Health and Social Care Act (Department of Health, 2012) pledges to place service users at the focus of developments in health-care systems, this article considers whether or not all low risk women experiencing an unplanned home birth should be transferred into a consultant-led unit.


The variability of 24 morphological characteristics in Proteocephalus neglectus La Rue, 1911, a parasite of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)) was studied. Specimens of two morphologically clearly distinguishable types formed the metapopulation (hostophenote) of P. neglectus. The cestodes from type A (isolated from smaller, younger fish) were mostly no longer than 50 mm, the mature and gravid segments in almost all of them were more long than wide, contained small number of larger testes and an ovary with wide elliptic lobes. The cestodes from type B (isolated from larger, older fish) tended to be more than 50 mm long: the typical segment was extended in width, contained a large number of smaller testes and an ovary with narrow elongate lobes. The variability of morphological characteristics in P neglectus was found to be high; 35 % of the characteristics in helminths of group A and 55 % of the characteristics in helminths of group B showed a coefficient of variation > 20 %. The most stable characteristics in P neglectus were the number and diameter of testes, length and width of cirrus sac, length of ovarian lobe, diameter of vaginal sphincter and the number of uterine branches. The coefficient of variation for P neglectus egg also was rather low.


Thus far, Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of capital, field and habitus have not been discussed together with the literature a teacher chooses in the subject English at a Swedish secondary school. Howev ...


Objective To investigate the influences of gender,age,and body mass index (BMI)on the arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients.Methods A total of 1026 hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study from 6 community health centers in Baoshan District and Shanghai Third People's Hospital.The Related medical histories and carotid-femoral(C-F) pulse wave velocity (PWV) were recorded and PWV were re-tested in 672 patients after 1 year's follow-up.The C-F PWV was analyzed from different group of Gender,age and BMI at baseline and after follow up.Results (1)C-F PWV of the male hypertensive patients were higher than that of female's and the corresponding figures were (13.63 ±3.07)m/s and (12.59±2.85)m/s(P <0.01).After one year's follow up,C-F PWV was increased in both male and female with corresponding figures of (14.11 ± 3.58) m/s and (13.51 ± 3.56) m/s (P < 0.05).(2) The C-F PWV was increased with age.The corresponding figures were [(11.11 ± 2.00) m/s for age group 30 ~ 50 years old,(12.73 ± 2.77) m/s for age group > 50 ~ 70 years old,and (14.74 ± 3.29) m/s for age group > 70 years old,all P <0.01].After one year's follow-up,C-F PWV of three age groups was increased and the corresponding figures were [(11.36±1.78)m/s(P >0.05),(13.39±3.33)m/s(P <0.01),and (15.68 ±3.94)m/s(P <0.05)].The increased range of C-F PWV (from high to low) was age group > 70,age group > 50 ~70 and age group 30 ~50.(3) C-F PWV of patients with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 was significantly lower than that of patients with BMI <24 kg/m2 and the corresponding figures were [(12.93 ±2.89)m/s and (13.39 ±3.18)m/s,P <0.05].After one year's follow up,C-F PWV was increased and the figures were [(13.54 ± 3.54) rn/s and (14.27±3.61) m/s,respectively(P <0.01)].Conclusions Except BMI,gender and age were the important influence factors on arterial stiffness.

Key words:
Sex factors; Age factors; Body mass index; Hypertension/physiopathology; Arteries/physiopathology


Protection of ascorbic acid (AA: vitamin C) from Cu(II)-catalyzed autoxidation is an important aspect of antioxidant chemistry. The autoxidation of AA in the absence and presence of Cu(II) ions was investigated in aerated solution at room temperature and I=0.1 ionic strength (KNO3); the effects of three different flavonoids of similar structure (quercetin, morin, and catechin) and their mixtures on the AA system were studied. The concentration of unoxidized AA remaining in solution was measured with the modified CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) spectrophotometric method. The flavonoids (essentially flavones and flavonols) normally interfering with the CUPRAC procedure were separated with preliminary extraction as their La(III) chelates into ethylacetate (EtAc). The autoxidation rate constants of AA increased with Cu(II) concentration for a fixed flavonoid level. Catalytic autoxidation of AA was inhibited by stable Cu-quercetin and morin complexes, but not inhibited by Cu-catechin complex. The behaviour of quercetin and morin is in accord with the findings of Khan & Martell who postulated that the autoxidation rate of AA in the presence of cupric chelates would decrease with increasing stability of the metal complexes, however, the strange behaviour of catechin has not yet been interpreted. The inhibitive effects of flavonoids and their mixtures on the copper(II)-catalyzed autoxidation of ascorbic acid followed the order: quercetin > morin > catechin for single compounds, and quercetin+catechin > morin+catechin > quercetin+morin > quercetin+morin+catechin for mixtures. The order for mixtures gives information about possible synergistic combinations of antioxidants, which should be further confirmed with other antioxidant tests. Since flavonoids are food and drug compatible compounds, they can be used in commercial products to increase the stability of vitamin C.


Electric carsharing (ECS) is a potential option to address the problem of unsustainability in the transportation sector. The business-to-consumer model of ECS, which is one of several different electric carsharing models, has gained much popularity in recent years. Generating sufficient revenue to cover costs is a critical factor for ECS companies to maintain healthy development. This study makes an economic analysis, on the basis of life-cycle cost and monetary revenue associated with the operation of ECS, of two Chinese ECS companies: EVCARD and LCCS. Based on data gathered by field investigation, this study aims to determine the break-even moment for each company's main vehicle models by means of the net present value method. The results show that EVCARD achieved an earlier break-even moment than LCCS. The break-even moment of Chery eQ of EVCARD was the shortest of all the vehicle models, at only 181.3 min. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to portray how different cost-related and revenue-related factors influence the break-even moment. Our findings indicate that a wide difference exists in terms of the influence of different factors on the break-even moment. Among these, the manufacturer's suggested retail price is the most influential variable, followed by the unit rental price. The reaction of the break-even moment to the market price of a charging pile and the non-rental revenue per vehicle—especially the latter—was found to be negligible in the sensitivity analysis.


ABSTRACT To obtain the better performance of Hybrid Electric Vehicles/Electric Vehicles (HEVs/EVs), are implemented with Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), in that Battery is main source and UltraCapacitor (UC) is the auxiliary source. The battery is connected to DC Bus through Boost Converter and UC is connected through Buck-Boost Converter. Battery and UC voltage levels are maintained less than the DC bus voltage. The main aim of this research is to design an intelligent controller for a smooth transition between the sources in the HESS. A Math Function Based (MFB) Controller is modeled and implemented to an electric motor for HEVs/EVs application. The MFB controller has to work based on the motor's speed and this controller creates the closed loop operation of the overall system with smooth operation between the energy sources. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is used here to maintain the constant voltage profile for various loads at the terminals of the electric motor. Combination of PID and MFB controllers have given closed loop operation of the entire model with smooth switching between the sources. HESS with proposed controller has been applied to four different types of loads and another type with consecutive load changes are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and obtained satisfactory results.


Chromogranins (Cgs) are a family of acidic proteins, expressed in secretory granules of neuro-endocrine and immune cells. Several Cgs derived peptides express antimicrobial activity. Current study was aimed to evaluate host-pathogen interaction and ultimately to develop antimicrobial polymer with insertion of cateslytine (CTL).In first part, stimulatory ability of leukotoxin LukE/D to induce neutrophils secretions and role of bacterial proteases to degrade CgA-derived AMPs was evaluated. Activated neutrophils secrete various components which were identified. Later by using antimicrobial assays, several fractions were found active and later discussed with respect to proteomic analysis. Additionally, degradation of CgA derived AMPs by S. aureus proteases was demonstrated. Out of various AMPs tested, CTL was only that can kill S. aureus and resist protease degradation. Furthermore, CgA and CgB are processed by Glu-C protease to produce new fragments lacking antibacterial activity but presenting antifungal activity.Secondly, we aimed to prepare CTL conjugated biomaterial coating. CTL-C was used to prepare PEM films with alternative deposition of CHI and HA-CTL-C and evaluated for antimicrobial activities. Later on, we synthesized HAFITC-CTL-C and HAFITC to analyze their interaction. HAFITC-CTL-C was readily detectable in cytoplasm without provoking cell lysis. Moreover CTL-C inserted PEM films are non-toxic to human gingival fibroblast cells.In conclusion, CTL is the only CgA-derived AMP that can kill S. aureus and resistant to proteolytic degradation, which is a promising feature for further studies in order to develop antimicrobial biomaterials.


During the last five years, INO has conducted a program to develop high performance diode laser illuminator for ATV (active TV) system. Illuminator made using INO proprietary collimating method, which uses GRIN (mu) -lenses for the fast axis and plano-convex (mu) -lenses for the slow axis, were found to provide uniform and tightly collimated beam, diffraction-limited for the fast axis. Such collimated laser diode arrays were proven to efficiently illuminate non- cooperative scene at 1 km with only 6 W of average power.


Method for selecting a core network (110, 210) of destination of a network (100, 200) communications for a handover a voice session of a terminal (118, 218) from a network (104, 204) radio access packet switched, home, network (100, 200) communications to a network (262) of radio access network destination (100, 200) communications, wherein the voice session is anchored in Multimedia Subsystem Internet Protocol network (100, 200) communication, and wherein the core network (110, 210) selected destination comprises a switched domain circuits is associated with the network (262 ) radio access destination and supports continuity of voice sessions that allows a transfer of the voice session from the network (104, 204) radio access packet switched, source, to the network (262) radio access destination, where the network (262) radio access destination is associated with a network identification of the core network (110, 210) of destination, being executed method by a node (112, 212, 612) forming part of the network (104, 204) radio access source, the method comprising: - receiving (126, 226) a network identification of at least one core network (110, 210) associated target to at least one network (262 ) radio access destination, wherein identifying redindica support for continuity of voice sessions, and - selecting (138, 238) the core network (110, 210) target based on support indicated continuity sessions voice indicated by the received network identification.


Are studied by introducing the modified surplus and modified claim amounts, Some questions in a discrete risk model. The lundberg upper bound of the ultimate probability of ruin is obtained by using the martingale approach.


"People-oriented" is the essence and core of scientific development concept.How to carry out scientific development concept in college human resources management is one question that college must pay attention to.under the guidance of scientific development concep theory,expounds the significance and development trends of college human resources management and provides new mechanism of constructing college human resources management.


Systems of people, technology, and organization practice continue to intertwine and grow in their importance for understanding organizational outcomes. We offer systems savvy, an individual's abili...


An investigation is conducted concerning the behavior of the sun during the last 7000 years. The C-14 content in carbonaceous fossil material can be used as an indicator regarding the level of solar activity at the time when the carbon was assimilated in the process of photosynthesis. Living trees, such as the bristlecone pine, provide a solar activity record to about 3000 B.C. The record can be extended with the aid of well-preserved dead wood to beyond 5000 B.C. The results of an analysis of solar activity levels as a function of time on the basis of C-14 contents are presented in a graph. Attention is given to the Maunder Minimum, a history of the sun in the last 5000 years, an interpretation of the major C-14 excursions, and the sun and climate history.


All Lossy compression algorithms employ similar compression schemes -- frequency domain transform followed by quantization and lossless encoding schemes. They target tradeoffs by quantizating high frequency data to increase compression rates which come at the cost of higher image distortion. We propose a new method of optimizing quantization tables using Deep Learning and a minimax loss function that more accurately measures the tradeoffs between rate and distortion parameters (RD) than previous methods. We design a convolutional neural network (CNN) that learns a mapping between image blocks and quantization tables in an unsupervised manner. By processing images across all channels at once, we can achieve stronger performance by also measuring tradeoffs in information loss between different channels. We initially target optimization on JPEG images but feel that this can be expanded to any lossy compressor.


This paper will introduce a desiccant-assisted system that combines dehumidification and mechanical refrigeration by means of a desiccant preconditioning module that can serve two or more conventional air-conditioning (A/C) units. It will be demonstrated that the proposed system, also having indirect evaporative cooling within the preconditioning module, can provide reduced energy consumption, significant cost savings, and independent humidity and temperature control. The results are improved indoor air quality (IAQ) and enhanced occupant comfort.


Five species of sand eels (Ammodytidae) are regularly found in the north-east Atlantic. Some of these species (i.e. Ammodytes tobianus L. and A. marinus Raitt) are difficult to identify by morphological criteria. The aims of the study reported were (a) to reveal unambiguous genetic traits for species classification and (b) to study possible population structure of the more common species in Norwegian waters. In total more than 900 specimens were analysed for inter- and intraspecific allozyme variation. Reference samples were obtained from Scotland and Denmark. By combining the patterns at different loci, all five species could be unambiguously defined. In Norwegian waters A. marinus was found together with minor numbers of Hyperoplus lanceolatus (Le Sauvage). As expected, Gymnammodytes semisquamatus (Jourdain) and H. immaculatus (Corbin) were not found, but not finding A. tobianus in these waters was unexpected. Distribution of alleles at three polymorphic loci did not indicate any structure of A. marinus in Norwegian waters.


This is Oasis first BCPP project.  They will work with older proplr to equip them with health advice, information and support.  They will do this through their Good Neighbourhood Project and in partnership with the pharmacist.  5 volun...


Although the fact that mitral stenosis may cause hemoptysis long has been recognized, little emphasis apparently has been placed on its occurrence or prognostic significance. Indeed, there is a paucity of literature on this subject. Stewart, 1 in 1934, reported three cases with autopsy findings. He enumerated five situations in which blood appears in the sputum of patients suffering from mitral stenosis; namely, (1) pulmonary edema, (2) pulmonary infarction, (3) during the course of primary pneumonia, (4) paroxysmal pulmonary hemorrhage as described by Oppenheimer and Schwartz, 2 and (5) as a sign of "acute cardiac failure." More recently, Wolff and Levine 3 reported 50 cases of mitral stenosis with no selection of cases as to etiology of the hemoptysis. In reviewing hospital records of these cases, it became apparent that there is considerable lack of understanding of this problem, especially in the absence of congestive failure. In the investigation of


New canola cultivars have much higher yield potential than conventional canola cultivars and changes in production practices may be needed to achieve optimum yield from these cultivars. Studies were conducted to investigate the influence of seeding rates (2.8, 5.6 and 8.4 kg ha-1), fertilizer level (67% – low, 100% – medium, 133% – high of the commercial recommendation) and fungicide application on growth, dry matter accumulation, seed yield and seed quality using two high-yielding canola cultivars [cv. Quantum, open pollinated (OP), and cv. Invigor™, hybrid (HYB)]. The studies were conducted from 1999 to 2001 at three sites in the Parkland region of the Canadian prairies. The two cultivars did not differ in their responses to seeding and fertilizer rates, or fungicide application. Plant density was lower for the HYB than the OP because the HYB had larger seeds, with fewer seeds per kilogram. Emergence declined slightly at high fertilizer levels in some site-years due to fertilizer induced seedling damage...


The recent evolution in network technologies such as network function virtualization (NFV) and cloud-native network function (CNF) is expected to enable the delivery of on-demand network services to meet various requirements such as reliability and latency. However, the operation of networks using these emerging technologies can be complex due to the need for a greater number of network entities and more types of service level agreements (SLAs). This incurs a high operational workload. On the other hand, there have been major advances in machine learning (ML) in this decade. These have made it possible for many and diverse industries to leverage ML capabilities to support human tasks. In this paper, we apply ML to analyze the root cause of failures in an NFV environment. To identify the appropriate approach, we analyze the performance of an ML-based fault classifier from several perspectives, three algorithms [multi-layer perceptron (MLP), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM)], volume and balance of training data, and number of features. The experiment on the testbed using our ML comparison framework shows that RF provides the highest performance even with a small amount of data, and also that SVM could improve its performance by increasing training data, feature reduction, or balance adjustment of normal/abnormal samples.


This paper describes the design and demonstration of a hybrid integrated 210~260 GHz self-biased frequency tripler based on planar Schottky diodes. Two Schottky diodes are placed in reversed parallel on the circuit. Then, a self-bias resistor is connected to the circuit to provide a DC bias. The bias voltage is changed by adjusting the resistances, so that the tripler can fit in the best working state. In addition, the current saturation effect is considered in the nonlinear simulation of the circuit to obtain more accurate simulated results. The proposed tripler was fabricated on a 50-um thickness quartz substrate circuit and housed in split waveguide blocks. Measured results show that the tripler exhibits a peak output power of 6.4 dBm at 220 GHz with 20 dBm pumped power and a wide 3 dB bandwidth of 21 % from 210 GHz to 260 GHz with a conversion efficiency above 2.2%.


On the basis of slice-dividing method and limiting equilibrium principle,a critical formula was set up by relating the shear strength of soil with the dip angle of critical landslide surface.The formula was employed to analyze the variation of dip angle with overburden pressure.It's verified that shear failure of the slope would not occur when the height of slope is less than a limit value with the slope angle in the range of 0-90°.In addition,two ideas were developed from the formula to analyze the causes of instability of two landslide cases.The results were consistent with monitoring data,and two methods of calculating the residual sliding force were given.In the second landslide case,another formula which calculates the influence of thrust on slope's critical state was also built.The advantage of this method which relates the shear strength of soil with the critical dip angle of landslide surface is that the sliding surface is analyzed point by point,and the steady-state at each point is identified.But the method still needs to be improved and explored in calculation.The method which associates the mechanical properties with geometric shape provides new idea for the evaluation of slope stability.


In distributed-type video encoding, temporal correlation between key frames is not utilized. Based on this, selection method of encoding mode of key frames is put forward, which is based on band allocation. First, divide coefficient tape gained by key frames after FPGA conversion into low-frequency band and high-frequency band. Part of low-frequency band adopts H.264 encoding and decoding. Then make further selection to encoding mode of high-frequency band. H.264 encoding and decoding and traditional intra-frame encoding and decoding are carried out respectively. Finish selection of encoding mode at decoding end. At last transmit selection of encoding mode to encoding end through feedback channel. Simulation result shows that under the circumstance that complexity at encoding end is not added, method put forward has improved quality of video after decoding, enhancing peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of system by about 1-5bB.


Geochemical modeling was aimed at characterising sequestration capacity and the changes of rock matrix and the reservoir parameters, that could occur due to CO2 injection into possible storage site of the Be3chatow area (Poland). A thorough research of mineralogical and petrophysical parameters of selected reservoir and cap rocks was performed by means of optical microscopy (planimetric analysis), SEM-EDS, XRD. In the simulations which were performed with use of Geochemist's Workbench 7.0.1. package the data of porosity and physico-chemical parameters of brines occurring at the suitable depth were also used. The simulations were performed in two stages. The first one was aimed at simulating the immediate changes in the reservoir and cap rocks impacted by the beginning of CO2 injection (100 days), the second – enabling assessment of long-term effects of sequestration (20 000 years). Results of modeling in the analysed rock-gas-water systems in considered long-term effects of sequestration (20 000 years) have shown that in the modeled period of 20 000 years, the minerals able to trap CO2 are dawsonite, siderite, calcite or dolomite. Calculated mineral-trapping capacity for the sandstones varies between 0.0 and 11.1 kgCO2/m. For the analysed cap rocks, the mineral-trapping capacity ranges between 0.9 and 15.4 kgCO2/m. Changes in sandstones porosity, observed due to the simulation, are insignificant. The significant decrease of fine clastic rocks porosity reaches 40 and 30% (for the sample 6873 and 6874, respectively) to the advantage of insulating properties of the cap rocks. 84


After insufflating extended endophytes phomopsis B3 ferment diluent on seedling bed of rice,the effect of microbial inoculum on rice growth was studied.The investigation result of seedlings before transplanting seedling showed that leaf age,the number of green leaves,the number of tiller of individual plant and the weight of per 100 fresh plants in microbial inoculum treatment group increased 0.11,0.12,0.03 and 2.6 g respectively compared with those of control group.20 days after transplanting,increased tiller number in microbial inoculum treatment group was 55 500 hm2 more than that in control group.30 days after transplanting,tiller number in microbial inoculum treatment group was 42 000 hm2 more than that in control group.In harvest season,the yield,weight of 1 000 grain and seed-setting rate increased 300 kg/hm2,0.7 g and 0.23% respectively compared with these in control group.The result of preliminary study demonstrated that microbial inoculum confected by endophytes phomopsis B3 could increase the number of strong seedling and yield.


Describes the development and verification of a mathematical model, including topology, defining equations, measurement techniques, and methods for extracting parameters which approximates the electrical characteristics of a unijunction transistor. The model is compatible with, and is designed to be used in, general computer circuit analysis programs.


I agree with Niehoff and Jeffery[1][1] about the need for more geriatric rotations in postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency programs, especially in light of the growing number of older patients in all settings who are cared for by pharmacists. The authors identified a shortage of preceptors as a


Lead‐free 2D perovskites based on tin halide octahedron slabs with Dion–Jacobson (DJ) phases have drawn attention due to their improved stability; still, reports on light‐emitting DJ lead‐free perovskites are scarce. Herein, a room‐temperature ligand assisted re‐precipitation method is used to produce ODASnBr4 perovskite microcrystals (ODA denotes protonated 1,8‐octanediamine). After incorporating molecular dopants chloroform and dichloromethane, not only the crystallinity of the DJ perovskite phase improves, but their emission becomes much stronger due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between [SnBr6]4− octahedra and acidic CH proton donors. ODASnBr4 microcrystals doped with these molecules show a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) approaching 90%, and their emission remains stable under a continuous UV irradiation, with less than 10% loss in intensity over 6 h. Moreover, by tuning the pristine ODASnBr4 with various degrees of exposure to the molecular dopants, the maximum of their self‐trapped exciton emission can be fine‐tuned over a spectral range of 570–608 nm while maintaining high PLQYs of 83–88%. This provides a convenient way to adjust the spectral position of DJ perovskite emission without changing halides or A‐site spacers. Thus, stable and strongly emitting lead‐free DJ perovskite materials have been developed.


The invention relates to the field of electric power system monitoring, in particular to a cable 10kV high voltage ring main unit remote monitoring and control system which is used for conducting real-time monitoring of operation conditions of power distribution facilities and distribution cable lines, realizing early warning and alarming of abnormal and failure states and postmortem analysis after accidents, and controlling and regulating the operating environment of equipment through remote operation. According to the cable 10kV high voltage ring main unit remote monitoring and control system, grid smart operation management serves as the target, various on-line monitoring techniques are integrated, and monitoring cameras, a fan and solar equipment are installed in a switching station; the system can be used for checking the information of the monitoring cameras in the switching station in real time, monitoring the operating state of the fan, realizing the early warning and alarming of the abnormal and failure states and the postmortem analysis after the accidents, realizing dynamic evaluation of health conditions of the equipment, and realizing remote operation control over monitoring of the equipment; a multi-dimensional display technology is combined, safe and reliable operation capacity of a distribution network is enhanced, trouble shooting efficiency and maintenance efficiency are improved, and therefore a complete set of grid visual monitoring system is formed.


Numerous publications on radiation therapy of so-called "peritendinitis of the shoulder," "subacromial bursitis," "subdeltoid bursitis," or "supraspinatus tendinitis" have appeared since the original report of Codman in 1904 on subdeltoid bursitis. Some of the more recent reports, notably those of McCurrach (5), Pohle (7), Steen (9), Weinberg (10), Young, B. R. (11) and Young, H. H. (12) have stressed the response to radiation. The purpose of this publication is to present the technic of treatment employed in such conditions and the results achieved in the Department of Radiology of St. Luke's Hospital (Chicago) during the past five years (January 1946–December 1950). A total of 433 patients were treated. For 318 of these the records are complete, and it is upon this group that the present paper is based. For simplification only, the term "bursitis" is used throughout. For purposes of classification and follow-up study, the cases are placed in three categories : Group I, Acute: Duration of symptoms of pai...


Abstract From 2-allyl-3-chlorotetrahydropyran, (E)-4,7-octadien-1-ol and (E)-4,7-octadienal were obtained. The aldehyde was conjugated with ethyl acrylate to give a γ-keto ester from which 5-(3E,6-heptadienyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone was prepared. 4-Oxo-and 4-hydroxy-derivatives of decanoic and undecanoic acids are discussed.


This is a short companion paper to arXiv:0810.3470. We construct an integrable system on an open subset of a Fano manifold equipped with a toric degeneration, and compute the potential function for its Lagrangian torus fibers if the central fiber is a toric Fano variety admitting a small resolution.


Low back pain (LBP), the most prevalent and costly workrelated disorder, has often been associated with high or repetitive mechanical loading. In this respect it is not surprising that biomechanical modeling has a long-standing tradition in research related to the prevention of LBP. Theoretically one could think of several ways in which biomechanical modeling can contribute to the prevention of workrelated low-back pain. Biomechanical methods and models could be applied to: • evaluate alternative workplace layouts, working methods and techniques, • detect the most stressful tasks and task elements in a function, • set standards for workload and to compare MMH tasks against these standards, • increase understanding of how MMH can cause LBP. The multi-session symposium "Occupational Biomechanics of the Low Back" intends to present an overview of the possibilities and the limitations (validity and applicability) oflow back biomechanical modeling in ergonomics. Generally the first step in mechanical modeling of loads on the spine is aimed at obtaining an estimate of the net moment produced by all active muscles and stretched passive tissues crossing the lumbar spine. This estimate can be obtained through standard rigid body mechanics using a 'linked-segment model'. Kinetic, and kinematic measurements are combined with individual anthropometric data to calculate the forces and moments acting on the lumbosacral junction. Since the 1980's improved motion analysis systems greatly facilitated collection of kinematic data and consequently inverse dynamic models have become commonly used in the laboratory, both still only to a limited extent in the field. An introductory paper (Jager, et a1.)presents an overview of the possibilities and limitations of inverse dynamics in ergonomic field studies. This will be followed by papers focussing on common methodological problems in field applications and solutions to these problems. In view of limitations in data collection procedures several simplifying assumptions are commonly made in ergonomic studies. Two papers (Kingma, et a1.; Gagnon, et a1.) illustrate the errors these assumptions may cause and present solutions to reduce these. Finally, Baten et al. present a promising new approach to estimating low back moment in field studies. It has been argued that in order to gain more insight into injury mechanisms underlying work-related low back pain it is necessary to obtain estimates of forces acting on the spine and surrounding structures. The net moment provides a starting point for estimating these forces. Spinal forces are mainly determined by the muscle forces, which are in general much higher than the ligament forces and the gravitational force acting on the upper body and load. The estimation of muscle forces is unfortunately not straightforward. Since many muscles are spanning the lumbosarcal joint an infinite number of combinations of muscle forces can produce the same net moment. Several types of models, using for instance EMG based muscle force estimates, static optimization, or neural network technology, have been developed to tackle this problem The second session will focus on the validity of these approaches, which depend on the strategy for estimating load sharing between muscles (Perez, & Nussbaum), anatomical fidelity of the model (Marras, et al.) and assumptions regarding cocontraction (Dieen, et a1.). Biomechanical modeling can provide insight in spinalloads, which by comparison with in vitro strength data of spinal structures might even allow setting of standards with respect to load magnitude. However, this requires epidemiological verification, which may be hampered by the complexity of the biomechanical methods, precluding application in large-scale epidemiological studies, and by the nature of the suspected injury mechanisms. For example, complex or cumulative loading have been indicated by biomechanical experiments to be likely causes of injury, which can not be studied in epidemiological investigations very readily. However, recently epidemiological studies firmly based on biomechanical knowledge and expertise have been performed, which have verified the importance of task or subject characteristics which from a biomechanical perspective appear to constitute a risk. Three ofthe papers (Fathallah, et aI.; Norman, et aI.; Dolan, & Adams) will focus on this type of studies and their relationship to the underlying biomechanical experimentation and modeling. A fourth paper (Fraser and Potvin) will address the issue of unexpected loading a factor thusfar not studies extensively in epidemiology. Finally, in the fourth session applied ergonomic studies will be presented in which biomechanical low-back modeling was used to evaluate alternative designs (Kuijer, et a1.; Hoozemans, et a1.), to evaluate alternative working techniques (Dieen, et a1.), and to identify hazardous task elements requiring ergonomic redesign (Plamondon, et al.).


"Liquid Phase Epitaxial Growth of Six-Layer GaAs/(GaAl) As Structures for Injection Lasers with 0.04 um Thick Centre Layer", Journal of Crystal Growth 27, (1974), G. H. B. Thompson & P. A. Kirkby, pp. 70-85. "High Efficient GaAlAs Light-Emitting Diodes of 660 mn with a Double Heterostructure of an GaAlAs Sub strate", Appl. Phys. Lett. 43 (11), Dec. 1, 1983, H. Ishiguro et al., pp. 1034–1036. 75 Inventors: