Changes to robotic systems as they are updated or upgraded often affect the flow of control and sensor data. Developers and users spend a significant amount of time tracing the impact of these changes that could otherwise have negative impacts on the robot's performance and behavior. Changes to the rates at which data is published from sensors, controllers, and other parts of the system are particularly subtle and difficult to detect. These rate changes, even if minor (e.g. lowering the frame rate of a camera), can propagate throughout the system and have broad impacts. In this work, we develop and implement an approach to help identify the set of components whose rate may be impacted by a system change. The approach builds on the insight that certain code patterns render component's outgoing data rate independent of the component's incoming data rate. We use that insight to reduce the number of components reported as affected by the change to minimize the number of components that must be reevaluated by the developer. A study of an implementation of the approach on three ROS systems shows that it can reduce the size of the impact set by up to 41% in cases when the changes have broad data impacts. The analysis is performed at compile time and only adds a third more to the compilation time.


Various modern day devices and systems are based on electromagnetic phenomena which are the subject of study of electromagnetic field theory. This theory describes interactions between charges and the currents using Maxwell's equations, which have known analytical solutions in closed form only for a very limited number of special cases. In other cases, various approximation methods are used to solve these equations. The development and widespread application of contemporary computers have fundamentally changed the ways Maxwell's equations are solved and have primarily emphasized numerical methods among the various approximation methods. Computational electromagnetics aim to determine the distribution of both the electromagnetic field sources, and the electromagnetic fields themselves in designated spatial regions. Among the various computational electromagnetics methods used for analysis of so called open region problems in the frequency domain, especially pronounced is the Method of Moments (MoM) applied to surface integral equations employing the Galerkin test procedure. The objectives of increasing complexity and electrical size of structures that can be modeled using available computing resources require the use of various advanced techniques. In this dissertation we focus on diverse linear combinations of higher order basis functions, with the primary objective of reducing the condition number of the corresponding matrix equation and minimizing the number of iterations required to solve the matrix equation using an iterative method. Accordingly, this dissertation considered, on the one hand, effective methods for obtaining maximally orthogonalized higher order basis functions, and,


: Four unmarried cats (Felis silvestris catus) were followed and taken to the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, located on the campus. Females were submitted to a dissociative anesthetic protocol consisting of ketamine (15mg/kg), acepromazine (0.03mg/kg), pethidine (3mg/kg) and midazolam (0.4mg/kg). Before abdominal muscle suturing, the local anesthetic bupivacaine at the dose of (2 mg/kg) was instilled into the intraperitoneal cavity. In the trans-operative period, the parameters of heart rate, respiratory rate, non-invasive blood pressure by vascular Doppler and rectal temperature were measured in the pre-anesthetic moments (M 0 ), after connection to the multiparameter monitor (M 1 ), at the moment of (M 2 ), end of surgery (M 3 ) and 4 hours after the end of surgery (M 4 ). It was verified that the values of systolic blood pressure increased above 150 mmHg at the moment of the ovarian pedicle clamping (M 2 ), being a sign of pain in the transsurgical and the values of the sums were obtained by the scale in (M 4 ) it was demonstrated that the procedure caused mild to moderate pain in the cats and the analgesic rescue with tramadol (4mg/kg) in 4 (four) cats was performed. It was concluded that the administration of the dissociative anesthetic together with the pre-anesthetic medication in the same syringe and at the same moment did not prevent the undesirable reactions of ketamine, the intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine was not enough to give ideal analgesia and the evaluation of the pain allowed to evaluate and treat pain efficiently.


These notes are the result of some work done a year or two ago on the Medicean MS. of Aeneas Tacticus1 (Cod. Mediceus Laurentianus, Plut. lv. 4, Saec. xi.) in preparation for an edition of that unduly neglected author which I hope will soon see the light. I should not have thought it worth while to publish them separately were it not for two papers, at once laborious and brilliant, read by Mr. A. C. Clark to the Oxford Philological Society on the text of Cicero′s speeches, in May, 1912, and February, 1913. The extreme plausibility with which the reader then explained numberless corruptions, transpositions, etc., in the text of Cicero, by reconstructing the length of line and pagination of the MSS. in their several degrees of descent, led me to think that it might be of some interest to publish the results at which I arrived by working on the same lines with a Greek author. In my case the problem has been a far simpler one, as I only had one MS. to deal with; but as I came to my own conclusions quite independently, before I knew that the method was being applied elsewhere, I give them for what they are worth, only too glad to find myself in such good company.


Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves can be used to probe the small scale physics at very early time. For secondary gravitational waves produced after the horizon reentry, we derive an analytical formula for the time integral of the source and analytical behavior of the time dependence of the energy density of induced gravitational waves is obtained. By proposing a piecewise power-law parametrization for the power spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations, and fitting it to observational constraints on primordial black hole dark matter, we obtain an upper bound on the power spectrum and discuss the detection of induced gravitational waves by future space based gravitational wave antenna.


An industrial-hygiene survey was conducted at Aerovox Industries, Incorporated, New Bedford, Massachusetts, in March 1977 to collect data on worker exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls, soldering fumes, and trichloroethylene. The survey was conducted on behalf of 350 employees (300 involved in the production processes), including 104 having potential exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls. A physician was retained on a part-time basis, and the company employed a full-time nurse. Preemployement physical examinations including pulmonary function tests were given to employees. Detector tubes were used to determine trichloroethylene; concentrations rarely exceeded 100 parts per million (ppm). Personal protection included safety glasses, rubber clothing, barrier creams, and partial payment for safety shoes. Trichloroethylene concentrations ranged from 53.4 to 77.5 ppm with an OSHA standard of 100 ppm. Polychlorinated biphenyls ranged from 0.17 to 1.26 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m/sup 3/) with an OSHA standard of 1mg/m/sup 3/. The authors conclude that the standard for polychlorinated biphenyls may not be adequate to protect worker health. Recommendations are given.


To improve dynamic tracking performance of the servo tracking system mounted with a small arm,a variable damping ratio control algorithm by fuzzy PID is proposed.Fuzzy PID control technique is employed to vary damping ratios of the system by adjusting feedback gains of velocity loop online,which consequently improve the system's dynamic performance.Simulation results indicated that variable damping ratio control algorithm by fuzzy PID is able to resolve overshoot and oscillation of the servo tracking system mounted with a small arm,and the system can work prospectively.


With the social development and the raising environmental awareness,it appears to be more and more important for people to be conscious about their own health and safety.The attention towards the water meter,which is closely relevant to the hygiene of drinking water,as well as how to face this issue properly,are the main projects of the article.It also proposes several suggestions to the difficult problems by analysing the current situation of using existing case material of the water metre.


USICEF aims to accelerate progress towards India's renewable energy and energy access goals, by supporting early stage development of distributed solar power projects and helping to catalyze long-term financing. In line with the program's objectives and pursuant to a detailed selection process, the following project proponents eligible to receive grant support from USICEF have been selected. The awardees have requested grant support for various project preparatory activities including legal, technical, and financial advisory. The list of grant awardees under the first, second, and third rounds of the program is as follows:


Submitted for the DPP07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Rotating Magnetic Field sustainment of hot FRCs at high zeta ALAN HOFFMAN, HOUYANG GUO, RICHARD MILROY, University of Washington — Ultra high vacuum modifications to the TCS device have allowed FRCs to be formed and sustained by Rotating Magnetic Fields (RMF) at temperatures well over 100 eV, without increasing the RMF magnitude, Bω. The higher temperatures result in much higher magnetic fields, Be, and significantly higher ratios of Be/Bω. The ratio of average electron rotational speed to RMF frequency, called zeta, approaches unity, resulting in a maximum possible applied RMF torque on the electrons. Power is absorbed by the plasma due to oscillating axial currents (which create the azimuthal torque), proportional to B2 ω, and due to the azimuthal FRC currents, proportional to B2 e . Comparison of torques and powers at high and low zeta conditions shows that at low values of Be/Bω, most of the power absorption is due to the axial currents (proportional to B2 ω), but at values of Be/Bω exceeding 10, this component becomes insignificant. Under such conditions, the cross-field plasma resistivities are only about one order of magnitude higher (∼20 μΩ-m) than necessary for modest sized reactor efficiencies. Alan Hoffman University of Washington Date submitted: 18 Jul 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


ABSTRACT Growing demands on evidence-based teaching, combined with increasing business involve-ment, constitute a transformation of education in which research and research collaborations have become commodities and selling points for companies. This article, building on interviews with 30 Swedish edupreneurs, explores how the discursive trope of the Triple Helix organises collaborations between the business sector, research, and school. In what ways do people in edu-business use research and research collaborations and what kinds of values do they expect to produce through different practices? The study identifies five approaches to research – philanthropists, influencers, ambassadors, brokers, and engineers – and describe the edupreneurs' manifold ways of using, relating to, and translating research into sellable products. Using the theoretical lens of assetization, we show how different values are produced: (1) economic – strengthening the company's brand; (2) pedagogical – changing teaching practices; (3) political – lobbying for policy change and changing public conversations; (4) academic – defining useful research and funding research, and (5) social – building networks. We conclude that the striving for Triple Helix collaborations preserves the entrepreneurial right to define useful research and providing legitimacy through the power of research, an important asset on the edu-market.


The post-Kobe studies revealed that the embedded column bases respond better to the earthquake uplift forces than the exposed column bases. This paper presents the results of numerical and experimental studies for the static pullout strength and modes of failure of the steel column bases ('roots') embedded in unreinforced cuboid concrete blocks. The embedded roots have an end plate (headed roots) or are tapered in a single plane. The studies include the effect of the change in the size of the concrete block (its depth and plan dimensions), the boundary conditions of the concrete block, and the effect of the tapering angle. The numerical results are supported with the experimental results. The embedded steel sections are proportioned to remain well under the yield point; hence, the pullout failure occurs only in the concrete block. In a headed root, the presence of end plate dominates the overall pullout capacity and 'masks' the resistance provided by the 'body' of the embedded section. This effect leads to the conclusion that, for a specified embedding depth and size of the end plate, the shape of the embedded section will not seriously affect its pullout strength. The headed roots, normally, have a cone like (a 'compound cone') failure mechanism. The most common type of pullout failure of the tapered roots is splitting. For the embedded roots tapered in a single plane, however, the confining boundary conditions change the splitting failure of the concrete block into a 'butterfly' or 'biconical' type of failure. The biconical failure could double the pullout strength. Also, the tapered roots under similar conditions, sustain much larger displacements prior to the development of the peak pullout strength as compared with that of the headed roots. The headed and tapered embedded roots both can provide the design strength, stiffness and ductility with more freedom in detailing.


By means of IR spectroscopy it was established that the complex formation of (ethylene-bis(nitrilodimethylene))- and ((oxydiethylene)bis(nitrilodimethylene))-tetrakisphosphonic acids with indium is effected by the interaction of the metal with the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. The relative proportion of the complexes of indium with ((oxydiethylene)bis(nitrilodimethylene))tetrakisphosphonic acid in which a nitrogen atom is coordinated by metal falls with decrease in pH.


An energetic electron beam has been used to stimulate crystallization of spatially isolated amorphous regions in Si, Ge, GaP, and GaAs at 30 and 300 K. In the four materials it was found that crystallization was induced even when the energy of the electron beam was less than that required to create point defects in the crystalline structure. The rate of crystallization depended on the material and on the electron energy. In all materials, the rate decreases as the electron energy increases from 50 keV (the lowest electron energy used), reaching a minimum value at an electron energy slightly below the displacement threshold voltage. Above the displacement threshold, the regrowth rate again increases with increasing electron energy. The possible role of electron‐beam heating was studied both theoretically and experimentally. Calculations suggested heating effects were negligible and this was confirmed by in situ ion implantations and electron irradiations performed at 30 K, where subthreshold electrons stimulated crystallization. The subthreshold and low‐temperature results are consistent with the model that the crystallization process is dependent on the creation of defects (dangling bonds and kinks) at the crystalline‐amorphous (c‐a) interface. The crystallization stimulated by the subthreshold electron beams suggests that electronic excitation of the bonds along the c‐a interface can induce the amorphous to crystalline transition.


A long-duration balloon flight in Antarctica is being prepared. Known as BESS-Polar, it aims at extremely sensitive measurement of low energy antiprotons to search for any novel primary origin and to study the cosmic-ray propagation and the solar modulation. The search for cosmic antimatter is a fundamental objective to study baryon asymmetry/symmetry in the Universe. The BESS experiment having an excellent rigidity resolution and large geometrical acceptance will maximize the advantage of long duration flights in Antarctica where the rigidity cut- off is very low. A very compact and thin superconducting magnet spectrometer is being developed to maximize the BESS-Polar scientific return. The progress and further plan is described.


By order of Sultan Abdülhamid II (r. 1876–1909) a new school was opened in Istanbul in October 1892 to provide an Ottoman education for the sons of leading tribal notables. The Aşiret Mekteb-i Hümayun, or Imperial School for Tribes, was a five-year boarding school that admitted boys between twelve and sixteen years old. The school has been rightly interpreted as part of a broader policy pursued by Abdülhamid II of integrating the Arab provinces more closely to the Imperial center. However, the school, which reached beyond the Arab provinces to recruit eastern Anatolian Kurds, was essentially an experiment in social engineering which sought to foster an allegiance to the Ottoman state within one of the most alienated segments of its society: the empire's tribes. On the precedent of urban notables whose sons were educated in Istanbul, obtained government offices, and became Ottoman loyalists, Abdülhamid II and his advisers aimed to create a similar body of intermediaries between the state and its tribes. The experiment ran for fifteen years before the Aşiret Mektebi was closed in 1907; yet in that time the school sent waves of graduates on to higher education in special sections of the civil and military academies and thence to government office in the provinces. In all, the tribal education system represents one of the more ambitious Ottoman initiatives to integrate its tribal communities into the political life of the state.


Domestic violence has severe consequences for women, both psychologically and physiologically. Violence during pregnancy is even riskier, endangering women's lives and the lives of their fetuses. A nationwide survey in Turkey in 2014 revealed that 7% of women who have experienced a pregnancy were exposed to physical violence perpetrated by an intimate partner during pregnancy. In this study, the risk and protective factors for this particular type of violence and how it can be addressed in Turkey are discussed using nationally representative data for the first time. Data are obtained from surveys conducted in 2008 and 2014 on domestic violence against women. The analysis is based on multinomial regression models in which the dependent variable consists of three groups of women: those who have not been exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV), those whose have been exposed to physical IPV but not during pregnancy, and those who have been exposed to physical IPV during pregnancy. In this way, the factors that have a significant effect on this severe form of violence can be identified. Our findings show that earlier age of first intercourse; the nature of first intercourse; men's affairs; men's controlling behaviors over women; men's use of alcohol, drugs, or gambling; and experience with violence in the family are all significant factors for IPV during pregnancy. Women's empowerment and the restructuring of the unequal power relations between women and men should be targeted to eradicate the problem in the long run. It is concluded that, for the time being, it is crucial to ensure that legal procedures for domestic violence function well and that health institutions are key components in identifying pregnant women exposed to violence and in guiding them toward institutional and social support mechanisms.


The invention provides a work attendance system with verification function, and relates to a work attendance system. The system solves the problem that the prior fingerprint work attendance system cannot avoid the phenomenon that work attendance is substituted by using a fingerprint film. A number one wireless transceiver and a number two transceiver are used for carrying out wireless communication, and a signal output and input terminal of the number two transceiver is connected to a control signal input and positioning signal output terminal of a positioner; a signal output terminal of a pulse sensor is connected to a trigger signal input terminal of the positioner and a signal input terminal of the number two transceiver at the same time; the pulse sensor is provided with a bracelet body for acquiring pulse of human body, and an acquired driving signal input terminal of the pulse sensor is connected to a driving signal output terminal of a sensor drive circuit; a trigger signal output terminal of a timer is connected to a switch control signal input terminal of the sensor drive circuit. The system is suitable for work attendance with fingerprints.


The paper presents investigation results about the influence of various methods of surface treatment on heat transfer enhancement in falling films of R21 Freon on an array of horizontal tubes. The experiments were carried out on the aluminum alloy tubes with a ceramic coating obtained by micro-arc oxidation and on copper tubes with a structured surface, treated by deformational cutting. The experiments were carried out in a regime of turbulent film flow at Reynolds numbers from 400 to 1500. The results of measuring the heat transfer coefficients on the surface of samples with a developed surface and on the standard smooth tube are compared. The highest values of heat transfer coefficients in falling films during nucleate boiling were obtained on a structured surface with semi-closed cavities. Heat transfer enhancement on the surface of a tube made of alloy D16T with the MAO coating of 30 μm thick, obtained in a silicate-alkaline electrolyte, is comparable to heat transfer enhancement on the surface of copper tubes with a microstructure applied by the deformational cutting method.


Abstract LNG and refrigerated propane have been spilt onto the sea and ignited in a series of trials aimed at determining the thermal radiation from large cloud and pool tires on water. Flame propagation rates through the fuel-rich clouds were found to be higher for propane than for LNG. Diffusion name heights during the cloud fires were low compared with the flame width, the ratio was generally between 0.2 and 0.4, while for the pool fires the flame lengths were greater than for equivalent land-based fires because of the high evaporation rates on water. The surface emissive powers for both LNG and propane cloud fires were in the range 140-225 kW m-2. For the pool fires an average value of 200 kW m-2 was obtained for LNG and between 31 and 59 kwm2 for the propane fires, which were extremely sooty.


Since devolution in 1999 and the establishment of a Scottish Government able to engage directly with the Scottish diaspora, a distinct diaspora strategy has been developed. It has tended to have an overly economic focus, in contrast with other countries like Ireland, which have adopted a more flexible approach, embracing cultural and heritage groups within the 'ancestral diaspora'. Research within Scottish diaspora organisations suggests that Scotland would benefit from a strategy which acknowledged in a more direct way the contribution which heritage groups can make to the homeland, for example through conservation projects, ancestral tourism or simply by being ambassadors for the country. It would also benefit from being less centrally managed, thereby giving diaspora organisations a more participative role.


Innovation system thinking plays a central role in much innovation economics. But still our understandings of the microprocesses of the co-evolution of science, technology, organizations and institutions are weak. The paper suggests that the study of path creation represents a needed real-time analysis of the creation of variety, which could well be placed within an innovation system framework. The paper investigates into the neglected dynamics of very early path creation using the emerging nanotechnological field as a case. The frame suggested is to focus on the shaping of researchers' and firms' attention rules and search rules placed within a wider analysis of the organisation of (nano) knowledge production within the innovation system. The analysis hereby contributes to a reinterpretation of innovation system analysis, putting more emphasis on the agency of core NIS actors in the creation of variety, important to explain technology evolution. The paper seeks to: - Explain early path creation processes - Discuss the specificity of nanotechnology - Empirically investigate the path creation processes within nanotechnology in Denmark. A case is brought on how environmental issues enter into the strategies and heuristics of Danish nano researchers and related industry.


The taxonomy of the amphi-Atlantic tree genus Carapa (Meliaceae) has long been controversial. Of the three species currently recognized in the genus, two are known to present substantial morphological variation that has been used in the past to distinguish several taxa, most of which are currently placed in synonymy. Here, a combination of field observations, univariate analyses of leaf, floral and seed characters and principal coordinate analyses of floral characters in the context of a molecular phylogenetic analysis was used to investigate the patterns of variation and delimit morphological species anew in the genus. These results support the recognition of 27 species in Carapa, of which 16 are previously described and 11 are new. In general, phylogenetically related species occurred in the same geographical area, but were morphologically distinct. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 165, 186–221.


This paper endeavours to briefly present European scholars' reflections upon the models of constitutional review and to propose a possible new model registered at European level, which is focused on individuals and their legal protection. This means it is necessary to rethink the classical approach of the constitutional justice in light of legal traditions, positive law within legal systems and comparative methodologies. The criteria used for the distinction "American model-European model" have lost their topicality and relevance concerning the effective protection of human rights. As we can all agree, there are no differences in terms of results between the American and the European system of constitutional justice. In a globalized context of human rights, we meet a certain merger, a transformation of the legal world's diversity into a great unity.


Conventional supervised learning in neural networks is carried out by performing unconstrained minimization of a suitably de ned cost function. This approach has certain drawbacks, which can be overcome by incorporating additional knowledge in the training formalism. In this paper, two types of such additional knowledge are examined: Network speci c knowledge (associated with the neural network irrespectively of the problem whose solution is sought) or problem speci c knowledge (which helps to solve a speci c learning task). A constrained optimization framework is introduced for incorporating these types of knowledge into the learning formalism. We present three examples of improvement in the learning behaviour of neural networks using additional knowledge in the context of our constrained optimization framework. The two network speci c examples are designed to improve convergence and learning speed in the broad class of feedforward networks, while the third problem speci c example is related to the eÆcient factorization of 2-D polynomials using suitably constructed sigma-pi networks.


Interpenetrating polymer network gel composed of poly(N-vinylacetamide) and poly(N-vinylisobutyramide) was designed for biomaterial use. Temperature triggered poly(N-vinylisobutylamide) (PNVIBA) moieties demonstrated character reversibility due to hydrophobic-hydrophilic change. In this study, the dynamic adsorption and desorption cycle property was determined by Rhodamine B.


The vehicle vibration control system comprises at least two spring constant adjustable engine mounting devices, an engine speed sensor, an engine vibration load sensor, and a controller. The controller controllably adjusts the dynamic spring constants of the engine mounting devices with reference to a stored table and on the basis of detected engine speed and engine load, to cancel vibration transmitted from an engine to the vehicle body via the two engine mounting devices. In the table, theoretically optimum load ratios and phase differences between the two engine mounting devices are listed on the basis of empirical transfer functions between the engine mounting devices and the vehicle body.


Edwin L. Herr is Professor and Head, Division of Counseling and Educational Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University. Anthony G. Watts is Executive Director and Senior Fellow, National Institute for Career Education and Counselling, Cambridge, England. Education in virtually all the nations of the world is undergoing rapid change. In the past decade, nation after nation has implemented policies and legislation designed to reconceive the content of education curricula and to expand or to change the focus of the guidance mechanisms available to youth. This is true in caoitalist and in socialist nations, in the East and in the West, in the so-called developed


An analysis of the UK and German detergent markets provides useful evidence for the development of a model to predict the share changes that occur when a new product enters the market. A simple share order effect (SOE) model based on Luce's Axiom of the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) is tested on four different new product launches. Of these, only the product with both a new brand name and a new product format is consistent with the model. In the remaining three cases, all line extensions, the empirical data deviate from the model's predictions. The two UK line extensions appear to be affected by product format; the German line extension cannibalizes the parent. From these studies, it is suggested that radical line extensions do not cannibalize whereas line extensions that have a close fit with the parent are more likely to take sales from the core brand.


Practical constraints often compromise scientific rigor in substance use research sampling designs. Focusing on natural history studies of AIDS among injection drug users (IDUs), the limitations of sampling frames typically adopted are reviewed. Institutional and community-based sources of recruitment are discussed. Potential sources of bias are identified for each which should be taken into consideration in the interpretation of findings. Suggestions to inform sampling decisions and improve sampling designs are offered.


The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it will discuss the origins of Manichaeism, a gnostic-Christian world religion that was founded by the prophet Mani (216-276). My discussion of the origins of Manichaeism may serve as an excellent example to illustrate what 'Gnosis' or 'Gnosticism' actually was. Second, the paper will outline how Manichaeism, being an alternative form of Christianity and even an alternative Christian Church, seemed to have exercised a considerable infuence on Catholic Christianity.


It is likely that the morphology of pedogenic carbonate accumulations (CAs) relates to soil formation conditions and processes. The technique of electron microscopy is especially efficient and applicable to the description of CAs morphology. This method allows estimating the structure and organization of CAs visually and their composition with the X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer for both buried paleosols and surface soils. The relations between submicromorphological features of CAs and conditions of their formation in soil were established: (i) in contrasting climates (alternation of dry and wet seasons), colloform (cryptocrystalline) films are formed; (ii) in dry periods CAs with perfect crystals and sharp borders are formed; (iii) in more humid periods the CAs crystals become irregular with broken faces and holes on surfaces; (iv) needle-shaped calcite crystals are formed in fast-changing water regimes from saturated solutions; (v) perfect crystals grow in quiet conditions from solutions of normal concentration. Submicromorphological studies of the CAs in pedochronosequences can account for trends in changes undergone by soils/paleosols and permit estimation of the general trend of soil evolution.


Introduction: Unilateral posterior crossbite is a type of malocclusion that often occurs at the deciduous and mixed dentition stages. Researches indicate that 0-9% of posterior crossbite can be corrected by itself in mixed dentition, so early intervention is important. The quad-helix orthodontic appliance is a solution to widen the maxilla in the skeletal and dental transverse direction to produce orthopedic and orthodontic movements. The utilization of the growth and development phases can accelerate the success of the treatment. Objective: To describe a unilateral posterior crossbite case using a quad-helix orthodontic appliance in mixed dental stages. Case report: A 7-year-old female patient complaining of an irregular arrangement of teeth with habits of long-term pacifier sucking and supporting the left chin. There was a diagnosis of Angle class I skeletal malocclusion and class II dental subdivision, accompanied by anterior and posterior crossbite shifting the mandibular midline 4 mm to left and facial asymmetry. Quad-helix treatment was carried out for 6 months with a retention phase for 3 months and continued with a fixed orthodontic phase. Unilateral posterior crossbite correction was achieved. Conclusion: A quad-helix orthodontic appliance can be an alternative for early treatment for unilateral posterior crossbite in mixed dentition.


The Arithmetic of Encryption and Decryption within the Easy language and its virtues were introduced and explained. Meanwhile, the Easy language(a Chinese integrated develop surroundings)was recommended. The Easy language's characters such as easy learning, understanding, using, writing and communication were illustrated briefly through the arithmetic.


The invention belongs to the field of airplane anti-icing and deicing, and provides an ultrasonic and electric heating compounding anti-icing and deicing device. The ultrasonic and electric heating compounding anti-icing and deicing device comprises icing annunciators 1, anti-icing and deicing control boxes 6, electric heating assemblies 3, ultrasonic controllers 5 and ultrasonic oscillators 4. The icing annunciators 1 are used for detecting whether an airplane enters an icing region or not, and if the airplane enters the icing region, icing alarm signals and icing rate information are sent to the anti-icing and deicing control boxes 6 through signal lines 2; the anti-icing and deicing control boxes 6 are used for sending pulse heating signals to the electric heating assemblies 3 firstly according to the icing alarm signals and the icing rate information and then sending work start commands to the ultrasonic controllers 5; the electric heating assemblies 3 are used for heating a skin in an icing protective region according to the pulse heating signals; the ultrasonic controllers 5 are used for sending work commands to the ultrasonic oscillators 4 according to the work start commands; and the ultrasonic oscillators 4 are used for starting ultrasonic waves to the skin in the icing protective region according to the work commands. By the adoption of the ultrasonic and electric heating compounding anti-icing and deicing device, the deicing time is shor, and energy consumption is low.


OTHER PUBLICATIONS McCutcheon's Detergents & Emulsifiers, North Ameri can Edition, 1975 Annual, pp. 121 and 122. Primary Examiner-Peter Chin (57) ABSTRACT A phosphorus modified latex composition useful in the coating of substrates with inorganic fillers. A latex par ticle having phosphorus groups intimately bound to the particle's surface formed by the emulsion polymeriza tion of a latex with a phosphorus compound. Also a method of preparing a composite sheet and a paper coating latex with the phosphorus modified latex is provided.


Abstract This study addressed professors' and students' perception of the extent to which favorable conditions for fostering creativity exist in university courses. Thirty-five university professors and 874 of their students completed an inventory designed to evaluate the degree to which different aspects related to creativity had been fostered by these university professors. This inventory included 37 items distributed in four factors, labeled as follows: Incentive to New Ideas, Climate for Expression of Ideas: Evaluation and Teaching Methodology: and Interest for Students' Learning. University professors, compared with their students, rated their behaviors as providing significantly more favorable conditions for the nurturing of creativity. The results suggest the need for professors to be belter equipped to create conditions that foster creativity in order to prepare students for the creative productivity that is necessary in all societies.


Purpose – The aim of the article is to assess the significance and level of inconvenience of selected attributes of tourist services provided for people with various types of social exclusion, the disability among them. It may be helpful for understanding the possibility of separating customer groups and seeing their needs at particular stages of the supply chain in tourism (information, accommodation, transport, organization and intermediation). Methodology – The survey was conducted among disabled and seniors helped to identify quality gaps in the provision of tourism services, taking into account their complementarity and accessibility at every stage of the delivery. The empirical data were obtained as a result of a survey conducted with the use of the CAPI (Computer-Assisted Personal Interview) method among persons with disabilities (n=610). The survey aimed to acquire respondents' opinions on the significance (importance) and individual inconvenience to the respondent of a number of services related to a tourism trip. The method of Importance-Performance Analysis (I.P.A) and basic measures of descriptive statistics were used to analyze empirical data. Findings – The survey results show how much the expectations of people with disabilities differ from the stereotyped perception of both the community itself and barriers to information services and participation in the tourism market. The important gap related to the widespread use of modern information technologies in tourism services was particularly highlighted. The results of the study will help to indicate to what extent the tourist experience of a disabled person and seniors affect the assessment of the significance and inconvenience of selected attributes of tourist services. It can point out stereotyped perception of restrictions and expectations. Contribution – The results of the author's original research are mostly of practical and social character. They can be used by entrepreneurs to analyze the quality and reliability of services provided by their partners and the behavior and needs of the disabled people and seniors in tourism. They will also be useful for local and regional authorities responsible for ensuring the competitiveness and inclusiveness of tourism regions.


This paper aims to explore the existing literature to identify the current role of virtual reality (VR) simulations in endovascular procedure training. First, we examine the validity of medical simulations for training before we focus on the current use across medical education. Finally, we examine the current use of VR in interventional radiology (IR) training and outline the necessary steps for continued innovations in the field. The Role of Virtual Reality Simulations in Endovascular Procedure Training 3


Introduction : Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an important aspect of management of ischemic heart disease. The use of PCI has expanded with importance on minimizing post-procedural vascular and bleeding complications while maintaining procedural success. The radial artery has emerged as an alternative to the femoral artery for the access sitefor the procedure. Objectives : The main objective of the study was to assess the trend of PCI, procedural outcome and complications. Methods : This is a retrospective study which included four thousand two hundred and eighty eight patients who had underwent percutaneous coronary intervention during the study period of ten years from 2002 to 2012. The data on demographic profile, angiographic characteristics, outcome and complications of the procedure were analyzed. Results : The mean age of the patients was50 ± 10.5 years ranging from 21 to 91 years. The79.5% (3409) were male and 20.5% (879) were female. The 75.3 % (3228) of the PCI were elective procedure. The 94.38% (4047) of the patient had single vessel PCI and 241(5.62%) had multivessels PCI. The PCI to LAD was the most common in 2153 (47.43%) followed by RCA 1401(30.87%) and then LCX 957 (21.08%). Overall success rate of the procedure was 95.03%. The mortality was observed in 1.07% (46) of the patients. The use of radial artery access for the PCI has a rising trend over years. The 43.5% of the procedure were performed from the radial access in 2012. Conclusion : Percutaneous coronary intervention in Nepal is increasing every year with accepted success rate and complication. With experience more complex cases are being done. Radial PCI has increasing trend.


Also remember the term #scienceofreading refers more to a parent activism group and a bastardized reading of the National Reading Panel report than it does


: Creativity 1 is a capability of humans. The relationship between creativity and architecture is present right from the early stages of the design process, regardless of the scale. It is important to remember that as human beings, we have a need for artistic sustainability in architecture. We take some examples of the architecture images planned and built in the Chinese context. The condition of architecture in China is not a special case to be studied as a phenomenon only part of a national framework, but is an example of a global crisis that fortunately in recent years is changing towards a sensitive redevelopment of architecture. The transformation of the Human thought 2 is the main driver of new social change which is then reflected through Architecture.


Because of the heterogeneity of resources, diversity of ownership, and decentralization of application management, the traditional pyramid-styled name service is no longer suitable for the Internet of Things (IoT). In order to avoid monopolistic control on IoT name service which is caused by a single root node, some researches have been done to create a federated name service. Yet a simple union of all existing name services cannot guarantee the equality of all participants. Based on the Identity Based Encryption (IBE) technology, we design an equitable federated name service for the IoT. First, Node Mapping Table (NMT) is distributed to each root nodes, which can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the centralized management. Second, the notification of creating or updating NMT will be digitally signed by multiple authorities together to ensure the real equity and fairness of the NMT.


The effect of recombinant human PTH(1-34)[rhPTH(1-34)]on serum core binding factor a-1(Cbfa-1)and matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13)levels in women with osteoporosis was investigated.The results showed that Cbfa-1[(54.0±2.4)vs(62.2±2.8)μg/L,P<0.05]and MMP-13[(2.51±0.15)vs(3.96±0.24)μg/L,P<0.01]were significantly decreased after 6-month treatment.The basal serum Cbfa-1 level was positively correlated with that of MMP-13(r=0.74,P<0.01).Small doses of PTH(1-34)were able to stimulate bone formation and lower the levels of serum Cbfa-1 and MMP-13.

Key words:
Recombinant human parathyroid hormone(1-34); Core binding factor a-1; Matrix metalloproteinase-13; Osteoporosis


Soft matter usually contains a fluid as its component, but it is often treated as a minor component. This is primarily due to the fact that a fluid component does not play major roles in determining the static equilibrium properties in many cases. However, a fluid component can play a crucial role in the dynamic process of structure formation via long-range hydrodynamic interactions. Here we demonstrate a few examples of structure formation of soft matter, where hydrodynamic interactions drastically change the kinetic pathway. Using these examples as a guide, we consider how hydrodynamic interactions affect the kinetic process of protein folding. We speculate that hydrodynamic interactions play a key role in not only the selection of the kinetic pathway in the complex energy landscape, but also the selection of the final folded state itself.


Standard packed red cell (PRC) units can be depleted of leukocytes and platelets if they are transfused through a blood administration set in which the usual 170‐mu filter has been replaced by a leukocyte removal filter (Sepacell R‐500). During a 6‐month period, 1550 PRC units were transfused through this filter in 611 transfusions to 80 multitransfused patients with thalassemia who had had a patient reaction rate (PRR) of 63 percent and a transfusion reaction rate (TRR) of 13 percent when given standard PRC or buffy‐coat‐depleted PRC. When given filtered PRC, PRR and TRR became 3.7 percent and 0.5 percent, respectively. The effectiveness of the filter was also evaluated in vitro. By filtering 2 standard PRC units through the same filter, median values (and ranges) for red cell recovery and for residual leukocytes and platelets were 87 percent (83–92), 6.1 × 10(6) (0–100), and 2.7 × 10(9) (0.6–9.7), respectively. Although refinements are needed to improve standardization of the filter and to increase red cell recovery (which is low when 1 unit is filtered through one filter) and blood administration rate, the ability to provide leukocyte‐free red cells prepared at the bedside for virtually all recipients appears to be a realistic goal.


Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Early management of the club foot using the Ponsetti technique has almost eliminated severe residual deformities from this problem. Unfortunately, in remote regions of the world patients may not have been afforded the benefits of this technique. The consequences are severely deformed, long-neglected foot deformities. Interventions to mitigate this problem have included talectomies, osteotomies, tendon transfers, gradual corrections using Ilizarov principles and as a last resort, transtibial amputations. All have undesirable features such as inadequate corrections with residual deformities, need for additional surgeries, intensive post-operative management and/or need for custom orthotics or prostheses. We propose a one-stage, single setting approach to this problem that fully realigns the foot and requires minimum of post-operative management. Methods: During a 2017 humanitarian mission to Vietnam, six patients with severely deformed, long-neglected club feet were managed at a remote orthopaedic rehabilitation facility using our one-stage, single surgery approach. The six-step procedure included: 1) Percutaneous tri-hemisections (Hoke) of the Achilles tendon, 2) Excision of lateral ulcers/bursas, 3) Minimally invasive releases of all constricting soft tissues structures, 4) Closing wedge osteotomy at apex of deformity, 5) Manual reduction to achieve plantigrade foot, and 6) Maintenance of correction with temporary spanning external fixation in five patients and percutaneous Steinmann pins in a four-year old patient. No tendon transfers were done. No tourniquets or perioperative antibiotics were used with these minimally invasive and percutaneous interventions. At six weeks, the external fixation was removed, walking casts were applied with minimal manipulations to optimally position the feet. At 12 weeks the casts were removed, patients allowed to use footwear of their choosing. Results: Follow-ups initially obtained weekly, then monthly through e-mails by a co-author fluent in Vietnamese were supplemented with photographs. Near-plantigrade feet axially aligned with the leg were obtained with all the initial corrections. By 48 hours pain was reported as minimal even though marked tension occurred across intact joint capsules in order to achieve the corrections. One skin, pin tract infection was reported that resolved once the pin was removed. Follow-up information at six months report that the corrections have been maintained with high satisfaction in all patients. Conclusion: Our innovative approach to deformed, neglected club feet is supported by appreciating the biomechanics of the problems. Dynamic deforming forces (tendons and muscles) must be released. Tendon transfers are inadequate to correct contractures. Bony deformities must be osteotomized. Viscoelasticity of ligaments and joint capsules deform with time and need not be released; corrections initially obtained using the fixators become permanent with time. Our experiences support the use of our approach for the patient population with which we dealt and suggest that earlier soft tissue releases of dynamic deforming forces be done in conjunction with the Ponsetti technique.


A mild method for the arylation of lysine in an unprotected peptide is presented. In the presence of a preformed biarylphosphine-supported Pd(II)-aryl complex and weak base, lysine amino groups underwent C–N bond formation at room temperature. The process generally exhibited high selectivity for lysine over other amino acids containing nucleophilic side chains and was applicable to the conjugation of a variety of organic compounds, including complex drug molecules, with an array of peptides. Lastly, this method was also successfully applied to the formation of cyclic peptides via macrocyclization. Abstract The chemical modification of amino acid residues in peptides has recently evolved into a valuable tool for the study of biological macromolecules. 1 The construction of covalent bonds to peptides provides a means of accessing novel macromolecules that contain molecular fragments of interest, such as affinity probes, chromophores, or medicinally active structures. Furthermore, covalent modifications can enhance the therapeutic potential of a bioactive peptide by extending its circulation half-life and augmenting cell permeability. 1a,1b To broaden the range of synthetically accessible altered biomolecules, additional methods for bioconjugation are needed. Procedures that do not degrade the peptide 2 and provide the amended biomolecule with high levels of site- and regioselectivity are particularly valuable. monoarylation product at the undesired position by extracting the target mass from the total ion current chromatogram. We only observed the undesired regioisomeric monoarylated product for entry


The preparation and air stability of various isothiocyanate kryptonates has been described in a previous communication. In this paper, their stability in water, water-ethanol, and water-acetone mixtures is discussed. The results give some insight into the relationship between apparent solubility and molecular structure, and indicate the potential usefulness of radioactive kryptonates for work of this type.


With the practice in teaching Advanced Algebra and Analytical Geometry for several years,we summarize systematically the close contacts which are abstract and fallible for the students in the linear relationship between the vector group,linear equation group and the rank of matrix.From these the two logic diagrams will be acquired to offer the new idea for teaching and strengthen the efficiency.


Abstract : This thesis describes the design and analysis of an access control mechanism for a multi-backend database system (MDBS). The MDBS utilizes a minicomputer as the controller and a number of minicomputers and their disk systems as the backends. The database is distributed over the dedicated disk systems of the backends. The operations on the database are performed by the backends in parallel. Thus, the performance gain of the system is dependent on the number of backends in the system. Each backend performs its own access control operations using duplicated access control information.


A low temperature process below 450°C has been developed for poly Si TFT which has superior characteristics to a-Si TFT ; higher mobility (-50cm2/v sec) and higher reliability. A 3.5 in. full color LCD addressed by these poly Si TFTs is also discrived in this paper.


A predicting method of motor fault is put forward based on grey theory aiming at the complexity of motor fault cause,properly solves the problem of the motor state forecast and the fault pattern recognition.The practical test shows that of the forecast model is possessed of simple calculation and reliable.


BiLSAT* project was the first step to initiate and to improve satellite technologies in Turkey and it covered all major steps to establish the necessary infrastructure in Turkey to design, build and test a LEO satellite entirely in the country. As a second step, RASAT project has been initiated in year 2004. Except for some systems; like imaging system and solar panels, the technology of which are not yet available in Turkey; RASAT will totally be built and integrated at TUBITAK-UZAY facilities. The imaging system will have ground sampling distances of 7.5 m for panchromatic imaging, and 15 m for multispectral (red, green, blue) imaging which is an improvement compared to the imaging system of BiLSAT. What is so important about RASAT is that various new modules will also be flown for the first time on this satellite and will be tested in space for flight heritage. These modules will later form the core of future Turkish satellite, should they be successfully demonstrated in orbit. RASAT, similar to its predecessor BiLSAT, will be launched into a sun synchronous orbit at an altitude of about 700 km and an LTAN of 10:00AM or 10:30AM depending on the launch vehicle availability. The satellite will be commissioned and controlled from TUBITAK-UZAY ground station. Once the commissioning is over, the imagery data acquired from the satellite will be archieved and will be available to users. The experimental payloads will also be tested in space and thus TUBITAK-UZAY will spend a significant amount of operation time fory these experiments. The experience acquired from the RASAT project will later be used to develop further subsystems to fly in space in the future satellite projects.


Aiming at the problems of insufficient voltage gain, excessive voltage stress and current stress of switches in DC boost converters, an interleaved parallel asymmetric boost converter is proposed. The circuit adopts interleaved parallel boost converters, coupled inductors and switched capacitors to form an asymmetric boost converter structure, so that the voltage gain of the converter is more than twice that of the traditional coupled inductor boost converter; and it adopts the passive clamp circuit to eliminate the switch voltage spike at the moment of turn-off, so that the voltage stress and current stress on the switch devices are reduced. The simulation results show that the boost converter obtains high voltage gain and high efficiency, and is suitable for applications with large DC boost ratio.


Abstract The method of Bayesian analysis of confidence in the testing evidence collected during ultrasonic automated testing of high quality aluminum ingots for minute defects of sub-millimeter size is discussed. These test results are assessed in the view of true or false evidence. The analysis demonstrates the significant influence of false evidence on the confidence in the test outcome where the evidence is skewed in the direction of false positive. At the same time the influence of the false negative evidence is shown to be more muted. To minimize the risk of false rejection of ingots with "ghost" indications not representing the physical defects, the off-line ingot retesting by an A-scan with defect waveform verification is implemented. Retesting of fabricated blanks made of the ingots previously passed the ingot testing is used to minimize the risk of passing products with defects earlier undetected.


A revised and expanded edition of Clifford Smith's catalogue, first published in 1929. The V&A Museum houses an important collection of medieval furniture, architectural decoration and artefacts in the UK. The book incorporates research undertaken in the field for the last 60 years.


In order to effectively monitor the temperature changes of the concrete during the construction phase, to avoid cracks caused by temperature. An intelligent computerized temperature monitoring method for concrete is proposed. Through the computer intelligent temperature monitoring system, the temperature changes during the construction phase can be obtained to better map the temperature distribution. The experimental results show that the computer-based intelligent temperature monitoring method for concrete proposed in this paper can effectively monitor the change of concrete temperature.


Waste management practices differ from nation to nation depending on the waste sources, types, and characteristics. It plays a vital role in nature's ability to sustain life within its capability. In many developing nations of the world, it has become a recurrent challenge, especially in urban areas. Waste generation in Nigeria is on the increase due to the rise in population resulting from the techno-economic development in cities and the pattern of production and consumption of materials. The current waste management practices in the nation are fast becoming a national issue and unsustainable, leading to apparent environmental risk. This study presents a systematic review of existing literature, significant aspects of the existing novels was assessed: waste characterization, waste management practices, ecological impacts, public-private partnership, ethical issues, and legal framework and challenges militating against the current waste practices. This study shows that the existing waste management methods are ineffective and the demand for an all-inclusive waste management approach, proper execution, and enforcement of environmental regulations and laws.


Abstract The triterpenoid azadirachtin was injected in adult house flies and the effect on the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity studied. In most cases (83%) period was increased (by 0.4 h, as a mean), whereas flies injected with the solvent of azadirachtin, ethanol, increased period in 22% only (by 0.3 h, as a mean). In 46% of the azadirachtin injected flies a splitting of the activity rhythm into two components with the same period length was induced, whereas only one of the ethanol controls (2%) showed splitting after injection. LiCl added to the drinking water changed the activity pattern from splitting to arrhythmicity in about 50% of the azadirachtin treated flies.


Quadricyclane (1) and 1,8-bishoniocubane (2) have been found to undergo valence isomerization to norborndiene and tricyclo[4.2.2.02,5]deca-3,7-diene, respectively, on illuminated CdS and ZnO. An electron transfer mechanism is proposed. Quantum yield, solvent effects, the role of oxygen, and the quenching of the reaction were investigated, and were consistent with this interpretation. The thermal reaction of 1 on CdS was also suggested to be an electron transfer process involving, in this case, defects or trapped holes on the surface of the semiconductor. An examination of a series of strained hydrocarbons structurally related to 1 (tetracyclo[3.3.0.02,8.04,6]octane 3, pentacyclo[4.3.0.02,4.03.805,7]nonane 4 and pentacyclo[4.4.0.02,4.03,8.05,7]decane 5) resulted, largely, in a demonstration of the resistance of their respective radical cations to rearrangement prior to back electron transfer. Calculations by MNDO, in combination with a modified version of MM2, were used to explore the differences in the re...


In the U.S. construction aggregates industry market development is accomplished by mergers and acquisitions (M&A). In early 2010, between Vulcan Materials Company (VMC) and Martin Marietta Materials Company (MLM) entered talks of a possible M&A only to see it collapse initially. VMC and MLM are the two largest participants in the United States construction aggregates industry of building infrastructure and repairing roads. VMC is headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, and is the country's largest aggregates business. MLM is headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina and is the country's second largest. After the merger talks failed between the two companies due to the rejection of MLM's exchange offer. MLM initiated a proxy contest to elect four new members to VMC's board of directors (BoDs). It was done to make VMC's board more receptive to its pending exchange offer. VMC's shareholders which include Lynne Davis, a VMC shareholder for over 20 years, must make a decision either to facilitate the merger by electing the new 4 members from MLM or not.  This is a case of the Stakeholder Paradox in reverse. The onus is not on management to make a decision that is conflicting among stakeholders, in the interest of shareholders. In this case, the shareholders must make the decision that may conflict with the BoDs, in the interest of profit maximization for themselves.


The role of hydrogen in gallium nitride was studied on thin films of GaN on sapphire prepared at substrate temperatures in the range of 600 to 1100 °C. By using triethylgallium and ammonia as precursor and hydrogen and/or nitrogen as transport gases, we have observed a strong influence of molecular hydrogen on the deposition rate and the structural properties of epitaxial GaN. By elastic recoil detection analysis and thermal desorption measurements we were able to determine the total concentration of nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon in the bulk material. Isotope substitution of hydrogen by deuterium in the H2 carrier gas did not give rise to a noticeable deuterium incorporation, showing that the sources for hydrogen are the metalorganic precursor, ammonia or reaction products of both. Once incorporated, thermally activated hydrogen effusion from n-type GaN occurs with an activation energy of more than 3.9 eV. With the help of mass spectrometry we established hydrogen effusion from heavily magnesium-doped (2 at%) GaN at temperatures between 600 and 700 °C, which is the temperature range used for acceptor activation.


The connections of depression,anti-depressant drugs and sexual dysfunction were explored from the pathogenesis and mechanism of depression,The mechanism of sexual dysfunction caused by anti-depressant drugs was analyzed to provide references for related study.


Postsynthetic treatments are well-known and important functionalization tools of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, we have developed a practical and rapid postsynthetic ligand exchange (PSE) strategy using a defect-controlled MOF. An increase in the number of defects amounts to MOFs with enhanced rates of ligand exchange in a shorter time frame. An almost quantitative exchange was achieved by using the most defective MOFs. This PSE strategy is a straightforward method to introduce a functionality into MOFs including bulky or catalytically relevant moieties. Furthermore, some mechanistic insights into PSE were revealed, allowing for a sequential ligand exchange and the development of multifunctional MOFs with controlled ligand ratios.


PROV-TEMPLATE is a declarative approach that allows designers and programmers to design and generate provenance compatible with the PROV standard. Designers specify the topology of the provenance to be generated by composing templates, which are provenance graphs containing variables, acting as placeholders for values. Programmers write programs that log values and package them up in sets of bindings, a datastructure associating variables and values. An expansion algorithm takes care of generating instantiated provenance from templates and sets of bindings in any of the serialisation format supported by PROV. Our quantitative evaluation shows that sets of bindings have a size typically 40% of expanded provenance and that the expansion algorithm is suitably tractable, operating in fractions of milliseconds for the type of templates surveyed in the paper. Furthermore, the approach shows four significant software engineering benefits in terms of distributed developement, provenance maintenance, potential runtime and static checks, and provenance consumption. The paper gathers quantitative data and qualitative benefits descriptions from four different applications making use of PROVTEMPLATE. The system is implemented and released in the open-source library ProvToolbox for provenance processing.This data is related to the publication Moreau, Luc, Batlajery, Belfrit Victor, Huynh, Dong, Michaelides, Danius and Packer, Heather (2017) A Templating System to Generate Provenance. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering


Subject. Investment activity of subjects of regional agribusiness. Topic. Investment support for small businesses in the agro-industrial complex. Purpose. Development of a mechanism for managing investment activities of small businesses in the agro-industrial complex and substantiation of practical proposals for attracting investments in the development of the farming sector based on an assessment of their competitiveness. Methodology. During the research, traditional research methods were used: economic and mathematical, statistical analysis, monographic, computational and constructive, graphic, systemic and comparative analytical. Results. The theoretical understanding of the essence of «investment management» has been clarified in relation to small forms of management in the agro-industrial complex, the economic toolkit for attracting investment resources to the agricultural sector has been determined. The authors have developed a step-by-step mechanism for managing investment activities, taking into account the factor characteristics of agricultural production. Measures are proposed for the selection of peasant (farmer) households for the provision of state support, taking into account the assessment of their competitiveness in the agricultural market using the method of cluster analysis and taking into account the strategic priorities of the region. Application area. The results of the work can be used by regional authorities in the development of investment policy in relation to small forms of agribusiness. Conclusions. Management of investment activities of small businesses is interpreted as a set of management decisions to determine the source of investments, optimize their composition and purpose of use, with the subsequent accumulation of financial resources while reducing the cost of production. On the basis of the method of classification of multidimensional observations in order to determine the similarity or proximity between objects, indicators have been established that characterize the financial and economic activities of peasant (farmer) enterprises in the municipal districts of the Oryol region. Four clusters of peasant (farmer) households have been identified. It is advisable to use the results of cluster analysis as part of the selection procedure for peasant (farmer) households to participate in a competition for a grant from regional or federal government bodies. Keywords: small forms of economy, management, agricultural economy, investments, peasant (farm) farms, state, agriculture, financial resources, competitiveness, cluster.


Abstract A sensitive and specific method was developed for the determination of oxycodone (OXC) and its metabolite, noroxycodone (NOC), in dog plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection. Plasma samples were treated with a disposable C18‐bonded column to extract oxycodone and noroxycodone. Urine samples were treated by dilution with water. The analytes were separated on the reversed phase HPLC column and detected by CL with electrochemically oxidized tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl) ruthenium(III). The assay concentration ranges for OXC and NOC were 0.5–250 ng/mL and 2.5–1250 ng/mL in dog plasma, and 0.1–40 µg/mL and 0.5–200 µg/mL in dog urine, respectively. Recoveries of the compounds from plasma and urine were more than 87%. In the within‐run and between‐run assay, the precision values were not more than 13.3%, and the accuracy values were between −3.6% and +15.0%, respectively. The methods were applied to the pharmacokinetic study of oxycodone in dogs.


In the construction, Colombia still has many ways to explore, improve, optimize, and direct duty of civil engineering professionals propose updates. Then the idea of using construction waste in this case concrete, as a form of profitable income and choice of work to do to develop the knowledge acquired in the academy, not only for the community by reducing the environmental footprint that construction generated in the country, but also making this idea a form of financial gain quite profitable, given that raw material is acquired at no cost and production is obtained if it has a lower price than aggregates quarry to encourage their use and creating new jobs for the community. In this way it is as follows careful consideration of costs and administrative analysis called Business Plan and business creation for use and sale of demolition materials, providing quantitative and qualitative values of the implementation of a production plant based on aggregate recycled concrete.


The soft pressure type kneading machine (New Taizen) which has been used as useful deinking machine was attempted to use as a new instrument for the pulping of non-wood resources. This new pulping method is expected to lighten the loading to environment in comparison with traditional alkaline chemical pulping. We applied it to the straws.It was revealed that this new pulping method is hopeful for the straws, especially for a rice straw. Although some shives (fiber bundles) were found in the treated pulp, they may be separated into individual fibers by subsequent refining and bleaching or by higher alkali addition.


The establishment of a well designed trial that will last at least 25 years to investigate tree root growth and how it's affected by various propagation and production systems is not only exciting, it's good science. We have an opportunity to establish a longterm trial with sufficient replicates and adequate controls to satisfy the needs of good experimental design. The reality is there will be expenses and logistical complications throughout the trial but what is possibly a uniquely extended time frame for an experiment will certainly enhance our knowledge of tree root growth and architecture following transplanting advanced trees.


Case 1 (u. 1870)/ J.B. , a 65-year-old \rhite man , entered Passavant Memoria l Hospital on January 2, 1952, with rompla in ts of hemoptysis and marked weakness of two to t hree weeks duration. He had a lso felt more tired t han usual for three to four months. Weight decrea..:ed more rapidly t han his reducing diet or loss of appetite \rould indicate. There \\"11", mild, intermittent, dull , chest pain on the right side, somewhat to the front. Some difficulty in breathing wa experienced. hxamination revealed an obe e, lethargic " 'hi te man , appearing older t han hi stated age. Blood pressure " 'as 138/ 74; pul ·e. 88; re piration , 24. There was tenderness to palpation over the left lobe of the thyroid. The breath sounds were diminished and there wa decreased resonance over the left upper lobe posteriorly and left lower lobe anteriolaterally . There wa slight generalized tenderness throughout the abdomen. One enlarged lymph node was felt in the left axilla. All laboratory data were noncontributory to a correct interpretation . Biopsy was not performed. A chest X-ray showed a right sided, posterior, suprahilar mass.


A numerical study of wave propagation through gases with nonuniform temperature distributions will be presented. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of temperature gradients on high‐intensity, initially sinusoidal pressure waves. Particular emphasis is paid to wave reflection, transmission, and any influence a high‐temperature region may have on nonlinear behavior. Ultimately, the performance of thermal barriers in attenuating nonlinear waves is evaluated. The concept of using regions of hot gas inside an ambient environment has potential in aeroacoustic applications, such as jet screech mitigation. This analysis considers one‐dimensional compressible unsteady Euler equations with an ideal gas state equation, applied over a uniform domain. The domain is composed of two regions with uniform and equal gas properties (ambient conditions) separated by a third region with higher gas temperature and, accordingly, lower density. Pressure is uniform throughout the domain. We introduce a high‐intensity sinusoidal wave into this medium. The shape and extent of the high‐temperature zone is varied to study the effect of this region on wave propagation. Further, wave reflection and transmission are studied for a range of wave and thermal field parameters. Results for nonlinear pressure waves are compared to linear acoustic waves.


The work described relates to the development of a coal-fired fluidized bed furnace for the generation of hot gases for industrial heating processes.

Following a programme of coal model studies of the internal solids circulation rates between adjacent beds, a furnace test facility was developed in the form of two interconnected fluidized beds. One bed is operated as a partial gasifier/pyrolyser and the other as a char combustor. The gas produced by pyrolysis is mixed above the bed with the oxygen-rich gas from the char combustor and burns to give hot gas at temperatures of up to 1600°C. The use of low ash washed singles grade coal (13–25 mm size range) gives an overall combustion efficiency better than 98 per cent.


It is likely that returns from Iamb production in future will depend, much more than at present, on producing leaner carcasses. In the early 1980s a research project was started at the Edinburgh School of Agriculture (ESA), using Suffolk sheep, to examine the genetic potential for improving carcass composition by within-breed selection in terminal sire breeds. The work commenced with an evaluation of techniques for in v ivo measurement of carcass composition (Simm, 1987) and derivation of selection indices to incorporate in vivo measurements (Simm and Dingwall, 1989). Since 1985 in v ivo measurement and index selection have been practised in the experimental flock, which now numbers about 220 ewes. This paper reports the interim results of selection.


The formation of hydrate plugs can lead to a significant operational risk to a flexible pipe when uncontrolled differential pressure builds up across a blockage. After a hydrate plug is completely formed, it can fill all the voids within the carcass profile and the gap between the carcass and pressure sheath layers. This bonding mechanism constrains the relative movement of the carcass and pressure sheath layers at the hydrate plug section. The axial end cap force from the differential pressure acts on the formed hydrate plug and the load is directly transferred to the carcass and pressure sheath layers. If large enough, this load could tear the carcass layer apart, and damage the pressure sheath layer which leads to catastrophic failure of the pipe structure. It is important to assess the limiting capacity of such failure mode to assure safe operation.
 In this paper, a carcass axial capacity prediction model is presented for flexible pipes under differential pressure loading based on the characteristics of the deformations of the carcass and pressure sheath layers near the hydrate plug. The total axial capacity is predicted by the combination of a 2D finite element model for the carcass layer and a simplified analytical model for the pressure sheath layer. Detailed quantitative analysis results of a given flexible pipe are presented and compared with the test results. The design parameters impacting the model prediction are explored.


The behavior of liquid oxygen in a storage tank is studied under operation in a system using oxygen as a fuel. Thermodynamic modelings are setup and several simulations are performed with and without consuming oxygen. When a system is stopped, the pressure and temperature in the tank depend on the initial charging amount of oxygen and dramatically change as the oxygen in the tank condenses or evaporates. When a system operates, the amount of oxygen in the tank changes according to the operating condition and from this result, the pressure and temperature in the tank are calculated. When the liquid oxygen is overcharged, the risk from the increasing pressure in the tank generally happens, but it is found that the excessive pressure in the tank can be avoided through an appropriate operation. From these results, the changes of the pressure and temperature in liquid and gas state of oxygen can be predicted and it is helpful to estalblish the operating strategy in a system considering reliability.


One of the aspects of sustainable development is attaining grid operation safety management at the right quality level. Since wind energy is also based on renewable energy, its development and improvement are in line with sustainable development goals. However, there are challenges to managing this energy that needs to be addressed. Considering the behavior of wind speed and power of turbines are two effective issues in controlling wind power since lack of this awareness leads to a decline in the quality of customer service or energy waste. Predicting these two factors is one of the fundamental issues in the design and operation of power generation and distribution systems. In this paper, the wind speed and wind power of wind turbines are predicted based on the combined model AM CNN Bi-LSTM. To show the performance of this model, the results of their accuracy and prediction error are compared with the results of LSTM and CNN-LSTM. In all datasets, the results of the proposed model were more successful than other current models, and in the best case, an accuracy of 98.17% was obtained for power forecasting.


Constitutive (i.e., preformed) parameters of Mexican bean beetle (MBB) resistance were demonstrated in PI 227687 soybeans grown under highly controlled and reproducible biotron environmental conditions which favored optimal plant growth and development. Constitutive antifeedants in PI 227687 against the beetle were variously soluble in hexane, ethyl acetate and 100% methanol. Antifeedants also remained in the aqueous residue after the sequential organic extractions. PI 227687 and MBB‐susceptible 'Davis' soybean lines each showed characteristic temporal patterns of L‐phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity. Healthy PI 227687, but not healthy 'Davis', also showed a characteristic temporal pattern of L‐tyrosine ammonia‐lyase activity. Activities of the above two enzymes are positively correlated with plant phenylpropanoid metabolism. PI 227687 and 'Davis' leaves did not differ in content of total phenols. Products from phenylpropanoid metabolism apparently contribute to PI 227687 resistance to MBB feeding.


Mass timber construction in Australia and New Zealand uses three main materials — laminated veneer lumber, glue laminated timber and cross-laminated timber (CLT). This article focuses on the use of mass timber in nonresidential construction—the use in single-family homes and apartments is not considered. In Australia and New Zealand, mass timber building technology has moved from being technologically possible to being a feasible alternative to reinforced concrete and steel construction. It has not taken over a large market share in either market and, as such, has not been a disruptive technology. The major changes in this market in the past 5-10 yr in Australia and New Zealand have been the development of new industrial capacity in CLT and the acquisition of computer controlled machining equipment to facilitate prefabrication of wooden building components. The development of new codes and standards and design guides is underway. The drivers of future growth in market share are expected to include more clients putting a higher weight on the various environmental benefits of building in wood, reduction in the real and perceived professional risk for builders and architects specifying mass timber construction, and fuller participation in the supply chain for timber buildings (from design to construction) by timber building specialists. Government policies to encourage the use of timber may also be helpful. Engineers and architects will continue to learn—through experience—how to optimize building construction methods to take advantage of the specific features and qualities of timber as a construction method.


This study aims to identify the factors of the recruiting websites' service quality that affect users' perception and behaviour and the moderating role of job exploration type in Korea. This research is designed to address the casual relation between the service qualities of specialised recruiting websites and users' perception and behaviour with reference to the e-SERVPERF evaluation model. A total of 302 valid observations were collected and Multi-group Structural Equation Modelling was employed to examine the construct. The findings show that interactivity and aesthetics positively affect perceived value as user satisfaction is dependent on aesthetics and reliability. The mediating role of perceived value and user satisfaction for user loyalty is confirmed. In addition, job exploration type moderates users' behaviour as full-time job explorers perceive value from the quality of information and scope of interactivity, while part-time job explorers appreciate aesthetics dimension only. The findings imply that recruiting websites are required to tune their strategic approach by target customer segments, as user groups' behaviour towards web service quality is heterogeneous. This study fills the research gaps by adopting the e-SERVPERF scale in the context of online recruitment and provides practical implications by isolating the moderating effects through examining user groups segregated as full-time and part-time who have different job exploration motives.


With regard to the application of PHC piles in paleo-clay area,the bearing behavior and mechanism,numerical calculation and practical proof of squeezing effect,experiment and finite element analysis of core concrete and connection of welding seam of PHC pile are carried out.Satisfactory technical parameters are obtained for the PHC piles in paleo-clay area.It provides more scientific and theoretical basis for the tests on the application of PHC pile in paleo-clay area.


Abstract The role of optimum solvent systems on the fabrication of uniform, bead-free electrospun-nanofibrous-mats (ENMs) of polylactic acid (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and their blends, is investigated. The solvent systems influenced the fiber-diameters, morphology, crystallinity, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, quasi-static mechanical, and solid-state visco-elastic responses of the ENMs. Defect-free ENMs were obtained by using CF/DMF (80:20 v/v) binary solvent system while showing a relatively higher extent of crystallinity (PLA/PCL blend ∼ 34%), lower hydrophobicity (PLA ∼ 1170), higher strength (PLA ∼ 6 MPa), and moduli (PLA ∼ 305 MPa) for PLA and PLA/PCL blend systems whereas a higher strain-at-break (∼ 82%) was shown by PCL based ENMs. PLA/PCL blend based ENMs fabricated using DCM/DMF (80:20 v/v) solvent-mixture exhibited comparatively lower crystallinity (∼ 25%) but higher fiber diameter (1.03 ± 0.21 µm), strain-at-break (∼ 155%), and hydrophobicity (∼ 1300) compared to CF/DMF (80:20 v/v) system. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed the structural relaxation behaviors indicating the intrinsic structural deformability and flexibility of the mats. The study demonstrated the systematic role of solvent characteristics in terms of their volatility, dielectric constant, and solvent-mixture composition on the electro-spinnability and fabrication of high-strength, deformable, hydrophobic, bead-free ENMs with near monodisperse fibrous assemblies for biomedical applications. Graphical abstract Highlights Solvent combination enabled tuning of morphology, and viscoelastic response of polylactic acid (PLA), poly (є-caprolactone) (PCL), and PLA/PCL blend based electrospun nanofibrous mats (ENMs) Solvent specific enhancement in crystallinity, mechanical and viscoelastic properties with minimum hydrophobicity and porosity for the ENMs. Selectively tuned structural deformability of ENMs by dielectric constant, viscosity, and conductivity of electrospinning solutions.


A strategy to ameliorate non-specific adsorption of oligonucleotides onto Quantum Dots (QDs) is investigated where QDs are being used as a platform for the development of optical bioprobes for nucleic acid detection. Certain zwitterionic structures as coatings on QDs have recently been shown to reduce non-specific binding of proteins. In this thesis, a lysine side chain is attached to a dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) derivative to create a zwitterionic bidentate ligand that has primary amine and carboxyl termini. Such coatings on CdSe/ZnS QDs were studied to assess adsorption of oligonucleotides across a range of pH to better understand the relationship between surface charge and adsorption. The change of pKa of charged terminal groups on QD surfaces for a variety of different water soluble ligands were evaluated using pseudo-titration curves, and indicated up to 3 orders of magnitude shift of pKa at a QD surface in comparison to pKa in bulk solution.


Process for the production of a finely divided oxide of a metal or silicon by the hydrolytic conversion of a volatile corresponding metal halide or silicon halide in a flame, said process comprising feeding the volatile halide in a mixture with a combustible hydrogen containing gas and air or oxygen to a burner provided with a mouth emitting a flame, burning the mixture in a fire tube to form a first portion of water vapor, said burner surrounded by an annular chamber forming a nozzle through which hydrogen is passed to keep the mouth of the burner free of attachments of solid sub stances, the quantity of oxygen or air being sufficient for the practically complete combustion of the com bustible gas, and the quantities of oxygen or air and combustible gas being sufficient to produce the first portion of water vapor which will at least suffice for the hydrolysis of the volatile halides, and further wherein said flame is allowed to burn in an atmo sphere consisting of gases containing a second portion of water vapor, to avoid the formation of halogen gas in waste gases and separating the resulting oxide from other reaction products. The finely divided oxides are useful as additives and fillers in the manufacture of coatings, adhesives and elastomers.


It has been well recognized that geriatric dentistry will become more important in the 21st century because of the increase of the elderly population and their longevity of life. Geriatric dentistry should tackle prevention, medication, and welfare as one. The main theme of prevention is health promotion to obtain high quality of life by maintaining their own teeth and occlusion. The purpose of medication is to enhance the quality of life by repairing masticatory function and esthetics. Moreover, dentists should take part in the care for the elderly with complex medical conditions through oral health care and rehabilitation of eating. Technology assessment is one of the most useful ways to examine the quality of medicine and quality of life. In this paper, technology assessment has been performed to evaluate complete denture treatment using our original scores. The subjects were classified into two groups, one group of 28 persons (12males, 16 females, mean age 71.5 years) who were treated by complete denture treatment at the university hospital and another group of 30 (13 males, 17 females, mean age 72.3 years) who were treated by complete denture treatment at private offices in Kure City. The complete denture score was obtained by examination of quality of medicine, the chewing function and satisfaction scores of complete denture prosthesis defined treatment outcome, and the QOL score was used to identify their own quality of life. As a result, complete denture score in the group at the university hospital was significantly higher than that in the other group. Significant relationship was detected between the complete denture and satisfaction scores (p<0.01). The complete denture score was closely related to the QOL score. Under limited conditions of this study, it could be concluded that high quality of complete denture treatment enhances the edentulous patient's quality of life.


.. Background: Leukemia is a hematological malignancy i.e. that arises in the blood progenitor cells. It is a tumor of white blood cells which is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature hematopoietic WBCs in bone marrow. Leukemia is of two types myeloid and lymphoid and two subtypes acute and chronic. Acute lymphoid leukemia is most common in children. There are certain risk factors associated with leukemia like ionizing radiations, genetic polymorphisms. Drug resistance in leukemia is linked with polymorphisms for gene coding enzymatic antioxidants. Multiple circulating biochemical markers depict pathogenesis of leukemia. Elevated reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant elements reveal occurrence of various malignancies. Study Design: Case Control Study. Setting: Study was conducted at Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore. Period of Study: One year. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 270 leukemic patients between the age of 30-55 were collected from PINUM and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. While the samples of 100 individuals were served as a control. Levels of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant such as CAT, GSH, SOD, GPx and GRx, vitamin A, C and E and levels of MDA were determined spectrophotometrically. While the concentration of IL6, AOPPS, AGEs, TNF-α, MMP9 and Isoprostanes were measured by using commercially available Elisa kits. Results: This research work was conducted on a total of 100 control subjects and 270 leukemic patients and the results were described on mean values. Many circulating biochemical stress markers, antioxidants and vitamins were investigated. All enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, vitamins were decreased in leukemic individuals while markers which showed high oxidative stress like MDA, IL6, AOPPS, TNF-α and MMP9 were elevated in leukemic patients. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that low levels of antioxidants and high levels of oxidative stress depict the pathological state of leukemia and defected cell proliferation and growth. Continuous evaluation of antioxidant levels during leukemia can serve as a way of better prognosis and treatment of leukemia.


This paper presents the development of a vibration-induced power generator with total volume of 1 cm 3 which uses laser-micromachined springs to convert mechanical energy into useful electrical power by Faraday's law of induction. The goal of this project is to create a minimally sized electric power generator capable of producing enough voltage to drive low-power ICs and/or microsensors for applications where ambient mechanical vibrations are present. Thus far, we have fabricated generators with total volume of 1 cm 3 that are capable of producing up to 4.4 V peak-to-peak, which have a maximum RMS power of 830 mW with loading resistance of 1000 O. The mechanical vibration required to generate this electrical energy has frequencies ranging from 60 to 110 Hz with 200 mm amplitude. The generator was shown to generate suf®cient power at different resonating modes. We have demonstrated that this generator can drive an infrared (IR) transmitter to send 140 ms pulse trains every minute, and also a 914.8 MHz FM wireless temperature sensing system. # 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.


─ We determine the radiation from an infinitely flanged rectangular waveguide using the modal decomposition matrix (MDM) method. The MDM method computes the electromagnetic field components at the aperture in the Fourier domain by representing the radiated field in terms of a sampling of the free-space transverse wave number. The results of the MDM approach show good agreement with numerical approaches using commercial electromagnetic modeling software. Index Terms ─ EM propagation, flanged rectangular waveguide, modal decomposition matrix, spherical value decomposition, stationary phase.


Aiming at the problem of poor fusion quality of traditional algorithms, especially the lack of texture information in infrared images or visible images inability to obtain sufficiently bright images results in images with poor signal-to-noise ratios and superimposed significant read noise in lousy weather conditions, a deep learning method of infrared-visible images fusion based on encoder-decoder architecture is proposed. The image fusion problem is cleverly transformed into the issue of maintaining the structure and intensity ratio of the infrared-visible image. The corresponding loss function is designed to expand the weight difference between thermal target and background. In addition, a single image super-resolution reconstruction based on a regression network is introduced to tackle the traditional network mapping function not suitable for natural scenes. The forward generation and reverse regression models are considered to reduce the irrelevant function mapping space and approach the authentic scene data through double mapping constraints. Compared with other state-of-the-art approaches, our experimental results achieve appealing performance on visual effects and objective assessments. In addition, we can stably provide high-resolution reconstruction results consistent with the human visual observation in different scenes while avoiding the trade-off between spatial resolution and thermal radiation information typical of conventional fusion imaging.


As of January 2014, Serbia has officially embarked on its path towards European integration. What would be the best words of advice for Tanja Miscevic, Serbia's Chief Negotiator? Dr James Ker-Lindsay, LSEE Senior Research Fellow, gives his opinion.


Chlorthalidone a prolonged action diuretic was administered to 127 patients under oral contraceptive treatment (combined or sequential) who in the first 2 months of treatment had shown weight gain premenstrual tension syndrome or headache. 3 patients had to be excluded due to chlorthalidone intolerance (probable acute sodium depletion). Of the remaining 124 patients 27 (64.3%) of the 42 cases showing weight gain lost weight (3.5 kg on the average) after treatment with chlorthalidone; headaches were reduced in 3 (8.1%) of the 37 patients suffering from headache; and 31 (68.8%) of the 45 patients with premenstrual tension syndrome showed a marked regression of the symptoms. In 1 of 2 epileptic patients observed the diuretic administered together with oral contraceptives and anticonvulsive drugs apparently prevented the occurrence of crises which had been experienced in its absence. Since in a number of patients oral contraceptives may aggravate pathological conditions affected by water retention in such cases an appropriate diuretic may be appropriate to reduce side effects. Chlorthalidone was found to be a safe and effective diuretic.(Authors modified)


Based on the problem of the decline of the accuracy of image segmentation, this paper proposes a image segmentation technology based on the deep learning. Thorough segmentation of images in the depth of network structure can be achieved by convolution and pooling, activation function, empty convolution, transpose convolution, loss function, and segmentation of network and other steps, and simulation and accuracy test were finished.