Introduction. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa advances into the mandible in locally advanced tumors in 13–38 % of cases. Frequently, this situation requires inclusion of segmental resection of the mandible into the surgical plan. This approach requires adequate reconstruction for preservation of satisfactory functional and esthetic treatment results. Selection of reconstruction method remains an important clinical problem in everyday practice of a head and neck cancer specialist.Aim. To analyze clinical materials on the use of reconstruction plates in oncological practice, evaluate esthetic and functional results of their use in patients who underwent single-stage reconstruction after segmental resection of the mandible.Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 103 patients after segmental resection of the mandible with defect reconstruction using only a reconstruction plate or a reconstruction plate with a distant or free flap who were treated at the Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center and N.N. Blokhin Scientific Medical Research Center of Oncology between 1998 and 2019 were analyzed.Results. Complications at various times (between 2 months and 3 years) were observed in 15 (14.6 %) patients. The most frequent complications were plate cutting through the skin and mucosa (6 (5.8 %) cases) and osteomyelitis of fragments of the mandible (7 (6.7 %) cases). In 2 (1.9 %) cases, plate fracture was observed. It is necessary to note that during anti-inflammatory treatment in 4 (3.9 %) patients, osteomyelitis was managed while 11 (10.7 %) patients required removal of the reconstruction plate. Per the data analysis, in patents with surgical defect in the anterior area (defects ТТ, АТТ, САТ per the J.S. Brown classification, 2016) complications are significantly more common (in 11 (23.9 %) of 46 cases) than in patients with limited defects of the body and condyle (defects АТ, АС) (in 4 (7.0 %) of 57 cases). The rate of complications is also significantly affected by radiation dose.Conclusion. Therefore, use of a plate for reconstruction of mandible defect is aesthetically and functionally acceptable reconstruction technique. Severe complications leading to plate removal are rare and were observed in 11 (10.7 %) patients.


In order to improve the control effect of the reactive power compensation in capacitor switching, an improved fuzzy control method is proposed. With the voltage, power factor and change rate of power factor as inputs, the ternate input single output fuzzy control system is designed. By this way, the problem of the capacitor switching influence on voltage is solved and the system state is effectively predicted. In addition, MATLAB is used for simulation in this paper to verify that the result is in conformity with the principle and requirements of reactive compensation. The proposed method can successfully eliminate unnecessary reciprocated switching and improve tracking performance. Consequently, satisfactory control effect is obtained.


By means of a novel flow perturbation technique, fundamental details during the extrusion of semi-crystalline and amorphous polymers, such as Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), or PP/PS polymer blends can be analyzed with respect to the kinetics of melting and energy input. The effects of extrusion conditions such as throughput and screw speed were examined. A specialized, high-speed data acquisition system, the "Extrusion Pulse Analysis System" (EPAS) has been employed to enable on-line monitoring and data analysis based on an imposed mass disturbance to provide a real-time diagnosis of extrusion melting processes in laboratory and manufacturing applications. Using the power response profile of the mass perturbation, four key sequential stages of melting have been proposed for twin-screw extrusion of a single component or polymer blends. A "lubricated melting" mechanism is also proposed for the extrusion behaviors of PP/rubber and PS/rubber blends using an Ethylene copolymer and SBS block copolymer as the minor phase ingredient.


Abstract—Negative corona discharge from a water droplet formed at the tip of a capillary electrode involves with repetitive formation and disruption of Taylor cone. At disruption of the cone, nanometer-size fine droplets are ejected. The effect of nanometer droplets released by negative corona discharge from water droplets on dehumidification of ambient air was investigated with focusing on the influence of a diameter of capillary electrode. The higher peak value of the first pulse due to cone disruption as well as the higher frequency of disruption, the more moisture was absorbed. Using four capillary electrodes system, relative humidity can be reduced about 5% for air with a relative humidity of 90%.


Summary The glyceride and fatty acid compositions of 20 commercial ice cream emulsifiers were determined. The ranges of mono-, di-, and triglycerides were 20.6–93.5%, 6.5–51.3%, and 0.5–16.6%, respectively. Glyceride contents were determined colorimetrically and by silica-gel chromatography. Most of the solid emulsifiers contained by weight: 45.0–69.8% stearate and 23.8–48.8% palmitate. Smaller amounts of laurate, myristate, and oleate were present. The liquid emulsifiers contained 83% oleate or linoleate. The fatty acid compositions were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Since many suppliers suggested about 0.1% of mono-diglyceride emulsifier for ice cream, it is recommended that the amount be adjusted according to the actual monoglyceride content and that this information be placed on the label. Two of the emulsifiers were labelled as containing glucose. Three of them were liquid at or near room temperature and the rest were in the form of free-flowing beads or flakes.


Input and radiation characteristics of compact circularly-polarized (CP) patch antenna with bent slots using in the microsatellite formation flying is analyzed by the method of moments (MoM) in this paper. Firstly, the CP antenna with finite ground plane is simulated by the MoM based on the Schaubert-Wilton-Glisson (SWG) basis function. Then effects of several antenna design parameters, including bent-slot length, bent-slot width, patch length, corner width, and feeding point position, on reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are studied. Finally, the performance of this antenna is compared with the conventional one.


Since being founded,the CGI for the small and medium-sized enterprises in China has been providing the financial support for the development of the small and medium-sized enterprises.However,along with the deepening of the reform,its malpractices in the system are more and more obvious.This paper analyzes on the main problems existing in the CGI for the small and medium-sized enterprises at present,and puts forward some countermeasures for solving these problems such as broadening the financing channels,strengthening the fundamental management,constructing the risk preventing and controlling system,and perfecting the socialized service system of the CGI,etc.


The paper discusses novel image retrieval methods based on edge texture of images extracted using gradient operators and slope magnitude technique with image transforms. Twenty eight variations of proposed image retrieval techniques using seven image transforms and four gradient operators like Roberts, Sobel, Prewitt and Canny are considered here. The proposed image retrieval techniques are tested on generic image database with 1000 images spread across 11 categories. In all 55 queries (5 from each category) are fired on the image database. The average precision and recall of all queries are computed and considered for performance analysis. The various "Mask-Shape-Transform" CBIR techniques [1] are compared with each other and each of the proposed "MaskShape-Transform" CBIR methods. The "Mask-ShapeTransform" is found to be better than the "Mask-Shape" Technique. In all Roberts-Kekre-Transform based CBIR gives best performance followed by Sobel-Slant-Transform and Sobel-Hartley-Transform.


A simplified model for combined natural convection and radiation during melting process of a phase change material (PCM) is presented. First, the simplified model for natural convection during melting is validated using a CFD model, in addition to experimental and numerical benchmark solutions for a test case. Then, the simplified model for both natural convection and radiation is applied to the melting of a fatty acid eutectic filled in glass bricks and validated against lattice Boltzmann-discrete ordinate method (LBM-DOM). Finally, the complete model is applied to study the thermal behavior of a translucent wall; then validated experimentally using a full-scale building located in southern France.


We conjecture the following entropy bound to be valid in all space-times admitted by Einstein's equation: let A be the area of any two-dimensional surface. Let L be a hypersurface generated by surface-orthogonal null geodesics with non-positive expansion. Let S be the entropy on L. Then S ≤ A/4. We present evidence that the bound can be saturated, but not exceeded, in cosmological solutions and in the interior of black holes. For systems with limited self-gravity it reduces to Bekenstein's bound. Because the conjecture is manifestly time reversal invariant, its origin cannot be thermodynamic, but must be statistical. It thus places a fundamental limit on the number of degrees of freedom in nature.


Urban rail transportation construction in China has entered a brand-new stage of rapid development with integration with urbanization, and the deficiency of related urban supporting planning and financing for rail transportation construction have thus emerged increasingly rigorous. The mode of overall rail transportation development is being accepted by more and more cities in this context. This paper, based on the questionnaire survey on the overall rail transportation development in China as well as the progress of plannings concerned, analyzes on the development of and problems existed in the overall development in China as well as the preparation of related supporting plannings, and calls for making clear the opportunity, standards and main body for preparing plannings concerned to establish the legal status of "related plannings for overall rail transportation development" from the perspective of the mutual integration and feedback between urban planning system and rail transportation planning system.


ABSTRACT Westminster Cathedral, the Metropolitan church of English Roman Catholicism since 1903, occupies an ambivalent space in the heart of the modern metropolis. It was intended as a repository and symbol of a national, very English, Catholic heritage in central London, replicating and re-using medieval signs and rituals to lay claim to a history that stretched back to the original conversion of England in the late 6th century. Drawing on studies of cultural memory, the authors examine how successive Cardinals of Westminster from the late 19th century onwards designed, constructed, and used the Cathedral to define Catholic identity in the first decades of the 20th century. In this they steered a difficult and often contested course between twin loyalties to the nation and to Rome. The limits of institutional power to reshape cultural memory are also explored through a case study of the Cathedral's resident martyr-saint, John Southworth, acquired in 1930 and similarly revealing the uneasiness of English Catholicism regarding its 'otherness' within a national culture.


2 Bruce Erlichman's inventiveness deserves kudos for the name Alacart. His alternative, Magna Cart, might be used in the future. We will concentrate on binary classification of a dependent (0,1) Y x 1) variable. Label the 0's as 'bad', and the 1's as 'good'. Assume that the proportion of 0's is 50%. In this case of no majority, it is not possible to classify the initial data set as either good or bad according to Y. Were the proportion of "bads" 30%, say, the initial data set would be classified as "good".


This paper holds that, the proposition that "strategy decides structure, and then structure follows strategy" represents the disconnected style of linear thinking. In the real world, although it can be adjusted to some extent, structure can't be changed arbitrarily. On one hand, the conservative nature of organizations will remain to get strong support when it faces strategic changes. On the other hand, the change of organization forms is difficult to suit for the unexpected strategic changes under present complicated, changeable and unstable conditions. Therefore, managers are bound to change the traditional model of "strategy decides structure" into a kind of new model. In this model, the business processes and staff behaviors determine the way that staffs are organized. Since the real environment changes randomly, headquarters should have sophisticated action ability;at the same time,organization design should change its determined system from official information and strategy system into a more flexible system based on interpersonal relationships.


Yemen is a country that has a rich history and ancestral culture, being one of the most interesting case studies in the Middle East region. Despite this, not much is known about it and unfortunately today it's the poorest nation in the Arabian peninsula. Towards the decade of the 2000, the country already faced an economic and political crisis, that was reinforced by the revolts in 2011 that led to the exit of the former president Ali Abdullah Saleh and the failed attempt of the conference for the "National Dialogue". Far from finding a solution, the divisions within the country became more visible. Today Yemen has descended into a cruel war since the Houthi uprising in 2014 and the military intervention of the Saudi-led coalition, which far from being a "proxy war" between Tehran and Riyadh, involves different alliances and actors, which has destabilized the country completely and deepened the humanitarian situation, creating a scenario worse than that of Syria and Iraq, ignored by the world. The present text represents the challenge of including the study of Yemen in the academy, one of the countries least understood and least studied within the great problems that the Middle East faces.


The company in this study provides metallic coating services in Peru and posted increasing losses due a spike in non-conformances. This problem is recurrent in the metal-mechanic sector in the country, because of the absence of controls to mitigate problems in production lines. The application of engineering tools including 5S, systematic layout planning (SLP), and WLC to establish a background supporting the proper application of a modified Hybrid Kanban-CONWIP system centered on tools like a line signaling process capable of optimally controlling and managing each activity until perfect finish of a product is proposed as an improvement to solve the problems. The proposed improvement reduces the operating cost by 9% and increased the company's profit by 10-15.4 %, around $5 344.11.


Abstract In southwest Victoria thin sequences of upper Cainozoic marine to non‐marine mainly calcareous sediments occur at Portland and in the Glenelg River valley near Dartmoor. At Portland the Whalers Bluff Formation is shown to lie wholly within foraminiferal zone N19 (early Pliocene) which has age limits of about 3.0 to 4.8 m.y. Basalts overlying this formation give consistent K‐Ar ages averaging 2.51 ± 0.04 m.y. In the Glenelg River valley, subaerial basalts yielding K‐Ar ages of 2.24 to 2.46 m.y. are overlain by shallow neritic sands and littoral calcarenites which belong to the type Werrikooian of F. A. Singleton, here included in the Werrikoo Limestone. Some distance above the base of the Werrikoo Limestone, Globorotalia truncatulinoides appears, the incoming of which defines the base of planktonic foraminiferal zone N22. The base of zone N22 closely approximates the beginning of the Pleistocene defined as the base of the Calabrian stage in Italy, and has an age of about 1.7 m.y. Thus the Werrikoo...


The paper analyzed American composer Elliott Carter one piece from 8 Etudes and a Fantasy with sound-colour-melody, perspective analysis the linear effect of timbre flowing used by Carter with the score of sound-colour-melody,explored the logical power in timbre relationship. It also discussed the traditional music form structure, and the writer's thoughts on the language of analysis of sound-colour-melody as well.


Development synthesizing diamond film on (100) silicon substrate was processed by HFCVD (Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition). The processes consisted of using methane (CH4) to produce intrinsic diamond and built MSM device on the diamond film. The top and the bottom of diamond is Schottky junctions were produced by aluminum which caused the carriers were able to move in the vertical direction to reduce the effect of grain boundaries. After that, the result of detecting an X-ray of MSM diamond was satisfactory because it could respond along with increasing of intensity of an X-ray and X-ray expose time.


Investigating the polyol-assisted synthesis of maghemite nanoflowers, a strong impact of the iron precursor stoichiometry on physical properties is found.


Recently, asymmetric head at large inclination angle has been shown to equip with attractive read/write characteristics highly suitable for high density reading/recording purposes'. To qualify for being a good read/write head it is essential that the head exhibits a very sharp head field gradient distribution since the latter means to give rise to a good correspondingly sharp transition width which is larger than the stability versus demagnetization limit has indicated'. Further, in addition to having a wide band spectral response function, better still a gap-null free smooth response function, good reproducing efficiency or good SNR is also a pre-requisite. In this paper, we report superior readfwrite characteristics of asymmetric head at various inclination angles. delineating its essential features for what is required of a high density readfwrite head for both longitudinal and perpendicular modes of recording.


A method and an apparatus for splitting media files are provided. The method and apparatus enable a mobile device to automatically segment a media file into split files. The mobile device may download a large media file whose size exceeds the file size limit imposed by the file system. The method includes detecting a download event for a specified file, comparing the size of an event related file corresponding to the specified file for which a download event occurs with a file size limit imposed by a file system of a mobile device, identifying, when the size of the event related file is greater than or equal to the file size limit, a type of the event related file, splitting, when the event related file is a media file, the event related file on the basis of the file size limit, and storing the split files according to setting information.


The food problem in the Arab region is the constant irritating factor. It depends almost in a full way on the severe local climate and with characteristic the lack of fertile land. It is also integrated rigidly into the general framework of factors of paramount political importance to keeping social calm practically in every place in the Arab East. Presently, high hopes are put on implementation of the sustainable growth concept which found itself capable to take over some niches in the international field while nowadays is penetrating by some of its elements and in a step by step mode in the form of materialised green growth idea into various practices in some Arab countries, including the Arab oil-exporters where it comes in sight more distinctly in the form of relatively broad experiments.


The focus in this chapter on private educational options rather than private salJools reflects the fact, exemplified in shared time, dual enrollment practices, and in other approaches occasionally advocated, 1 that full-time private school attendance is not the only conceivable alternative to full-time public school attendance. Educational facilities, schedules, and finances could be arranged to permit the student to construct an educational mosaic from components proffered by numerous public and private agencies? Furthermore, these variegated learning opportunities could be distributed across a much longer time span than the segment of life customarily devoted to formal schooling, a Perhaps educational reform would in fact come more quieldy if public and private agencies were encouraged to specialize in particular aspects of education, unburdened by the total welter of often contradictory custodial, instructional, and "character-building" goals that most schools are asked to achieve simultaneously. But all these approaches


Cardiac output has been measured directly in the experimental animal by inserting flow meters into the aorta( 1 , 2 ), or into the venae cavae( 3 , 4 ). Such procedures, however, do not determine total cardiac output, since they fail to measure coronary flow. By measuring aortic plus coronary flow simultaneously, the total output of the heart can be obtained, but this requires the added operation of cannulating both coronary arteries successfully. Since these difficulties could be avoided if the pulmonary artery were cannulated and flow through it measured, a technic to do this in the dog has been devised and is presented here. Under anesthesia and artificial respiration, the left side of the chest is opened (ribs 3 to 6 removed) and the pulmonary artery exposed. The artery is dissected free from its origin out onto the right and left branches about ¾ of an inch. After heparinization (10 mg per kilo), the right branch is ligated at its origin, cannulated peripherally, and cut free from the bifurcation (Fig. 1). A continuous vessel, long enough for cannulation, is now formed by the pulmonary artery and its left branch. This structure may be cannulated without bleeding by one of 2 procedures. In the technic which has been most often successful, a shunt around the pulmonary artery is provided during cannulation. To do this, a pump, primed with compatible, donor blood, is connected between the right atrial appendage and the previously cannulated peripheral end of the right pulmonary artery (see dashed lines in Fig. 1). When ligature D is tightened just above the pulmonic valves, the main pulmonary artery and left branch can be cannulated, while the circulation is maintained via the pump-shunt system. The rotameter assembly unit is then attached to the cannula.


The objective of the research was to determine the influence of budgetary management in public universities, in order to define factors that allow implementing strategies and reduce the situations of difficulties regarding budget allocation. Regarding the methodology, it was of a quantitative nature because measurable data were processed; additionally, the population consisted of informative units of the public universities of La Guajira to which they applied a questionnaire configured with 39 closed to collect information. We obtained as a result different values of the means and frequencies with which it was possible to determine some aspects as there are communication problems with these institutions and that adequate strategy are not adopted to comply with the objectives. Keyword Finance, Budget, Public universities.


Gradient variations of through-thickness residual stress, microstructure and texture greatly affect the performance of cold radial forged tubes. In this work, the through-thickness distribution of residual stress was measured based on the Debye ring. The microstructure was characterized with the electron backscattering diffraction technique. The texture was measured by the X-ray diffractometer. The influence of microstructure and texture on the strength and anisotropy of forged tubes with different thickness reductions was analyzed. The results show that the residual stress varies gradually from compressive to tensile from the outer to inner surface. The microhardness of the outer surface is lower than the inner. The dislocation density and low-angle grain boundary fraction are the smallest in the one-third thickness. The dislocation density and low-angle grain boundary fraction increase gradually from the one-third thickness to the inner surface. The main texture components of the forged tube include {111}<110>, {001}<110> and {114}<110>. Texture {111}<110> deflects gradually toward {114}<110>, {112}<110> and {110}<110> from the external tube to the internal tube. The gradient variation of strength mainly resulted from the difference of the dislocation density. The difference of strength along the radial direction is reduced with a larger thickness reduction. This work has important significance for improving the performance of high-strength alloy steel tubes processed by cold radial forging.


This paper presents the ways and methods of interacting animation programming in Flash.It emphasizes on programming technique and means which are based on mouse and keyboard to interact with computer.


India's borders has been grappling with a number of threats from across the border such as cross-border movement of terrorists, insurgents, illegal migrants as well as trafficking of drugs weapons and fake Indian currencies. These cross-border threats, which invariably either originate in the neighbouring countries or are nurtured by them pose a major challenge to the internal security of the country. In response to these cross border threats, the Government of India has crafted a comprehensive border management system to secure its borders. The component of the system include — border guarding, border regulation, development of border areas and bilateral institutional mechanism. However, factors such as lack of or inadequate manpower and financial resources, rigid rules and regulations, corruption, non-cooperative states governments, etc. hamper the functioning of this system. The government should address these inadequacies by sanctioning adequate resources for strengthening manpower and infrastructure along the borders as well as constructively engage with both border residents and neighbouring countries.


This text is a snapshot of the last four years of the Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering (JBSMSE). The last four years is related to the period of the current editorial team which is coming to an end. At first, we present the evolution of the paper manuscript submission and peer review system towards an online electronic system, the SciELO system. This resulted on a much more reliable and efficient solution. After, a brief summary of the current peer review process is presented together with statistics of paper manuscripts submitted and approved for publication in each section. A qualitatively analysis of time duration for a peer review process is realized while trying to identify drawbacks and possible improvements. An analysis of the paper download requests via the SciELO system, during the past 4 years, is presented. Some of the most downloaded papers are listed together with their statistics. It is claimed here that number of downloads could be a possible Scientometrics index. At the end, we draw some conclusions on the current importance of the JBSMSE.


The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is the most often applied approach to modelling strategic forest management problems. When dealing with Multiple Criteria Decision Making, AHP allows one to take social, economic and environmental criteria of sustainability concept, as well as public participation, into account. We carried out a workshop to validate a decision hierarchy for Sustainable Management in Mediterranean forests, as well as two surveys to elicit social priorities. Stakeholder and expert judgments were integrated using the geometric mean to obtain group preferences. We applied this method to develop empirical research into sustainable forest management in a Mediterranean region, where the environmental and social services of the forest are more important than the economic ones. We quantified weights of criteria, objectives and management strategy priorities and discuss the obtained results.


Security is the latest research which is of essential concern for many researchers. As the data is generated every second both in host and network so it's necessary to ensure the preservation of their integrity. So, this paper is retrospection of various security measures which are necessary to protect the system from harmful threats/attacks. Machine learning is one of the best technique by which we can apply to get the best results and in turn build an efficient Intrusion Detection System. General Terms Intrusion Detection System


INTRODUCTION
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is approved for the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma. The efficacy and safety of TTFields in newly diagnosed GBM was previously demonstrated in the EF-14 phase 3 trial (n=695). Optune + temozolomide significantly improved survival outcomes compared to temozolomide alone (median OS: 20.9 vs 16.0 months, p


An incubator provides an appropriate microenvironment to neonatal infants who need special cares. For this reason, an incubator prototype was designed which covers the minimal instrumentation requirements in general hospitals nurseries. To achieve this purpose, the Official Mexican Norm NOM-066-SSA-1993 was reviewed, and based on this fact, each one of the elements of the prototype were built, as listed below: 1) Chassis: Built from steel layer using a folding process. 2) Acrylic Shell: Manufactured from propylene, this allows the infant to be observed and has four access windows. 3) Platform. Placed over the water container, it's constructed of several layers of cork, wrapped with acrylic. 4) Water Container. Located inside the chassis, made out of plastic. 5) Air entrance system: Controlled by a fan placed in one end of the water container. 6) Air heating system: Constituted of an electric resistance, located inside the water container in a compartment especially designed for it. 7) Air extraction system: It's a net of plastic tubes and a fan that works as an extractor. 8) Temperature sensors: Designed with the LM35 sensor device, complemented with the TL074 operational amplifier, located at four strategic places to achieve a uniform sensing. With these tools, we obtained the necessary conditions to obtain the optimal parameters to design a fuzzy temperature controller in real operating conditions.


The paper introduces a novel idea for the development of the Small Signal stability Analysis Package (SSAP) which is applicable to large scale interconnected power systems.The software package consists of detailed and simplified generator models and different numerical algorithms other than QR method which is limited in system scale.Based on the concept of objective oriented method and design pattern,and the analysis of essential structure,the correspondence between the stable spot hot spot in software system and the "template hook" design pattern is found such that the general principle of design pattern is fully used.Hence,variable different algorithms could be invoked by the software package.Furthermore,the "multi type object connection figure" is abstracted from modified Component Connection Modeling (CCM) and well defined.Therefore,the models at different level of detail could be called and the hierarchical relationship is clear.


Article history: Received: 28 February, 2020 Accepted: 27 March, 2020 Online: 04 April, 2020 Time-series is a sequence of observations that are taken sequentially over time. Modelling a system that generates a future value from past observations is considered as time-series forecasting system. Recurrent neural network is a machine learning method that is widely used in the prediction of future values. Due to variant improvements on recurrent neural networks, choosing of the best model for better prediction generation is dependent on problem domain and model design characteristics. Ensemble forecasting is more accurate than single model due to the combination of more than one model for forecasting. Designing an ensemble model of recurrent neural network for time-series forecasting applications would enhance prediction accuracy and improve performance. This paper highlights some of the challenges that are faced by the design of the ensemble model of different recurrent neural network versions, and surveys some of the most relevant works in order to give a direction of how to conduct ensemble learning research in the future. Based on the reviewed literature, we propose a framework for time-series forecasting based on the using of ensemble technique.


In this article, a dual-resonating-frequency (DRF) compensation topology is adopted and implemented for exciting the decoupled-double D (DDD) transmitting coils in the dual-frequency wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. Concretely speaking, two double D (DD) coils are located orthogonally and compactly to obtain the effect of magnetically decoupled in both primary and pickup sides. Meanwhile, by adopting the proposed DRF compensation, two arbitrarily predefined resonating frequencies can be realized, thus forming a dual-channel transmission mechanism. Besides, the power distribution of two different frequencies can be randomly regulated based on the users' requirement by adopting the proposed frequency overlay modulation (FOM) excitation scheme. Combining with the merits of dual-frequency simultaneous transmission, no cross-coupling among pickup coils, and arbitrarily power distribution, the proposed WPT systems can satisfy customers' various demands and boost transmission efficiency. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and experimentation are given to verify the feasibility of the proposed WPT systems.


in the cytoplasmic side of the transmembrane domain of integrin aand b-subunits named as the inner membrane clasp, a hydrophobic packing of a few transmembrane residues on extracellular side between aand b-subunits that is termed as the outer membrane clasp, and the key interaction group of bA domain and bTD domain. Molecular details of this key interaction group as well as events that lead to detachment of bTD and bA domains have remained ambiguous. Full-length structure of integrin aIIbb3 embedded in a patch of lipid bilayer was used to simulate its interactions with three soluble RGD ligands as well as talin, using a molecular dynamics software. We showed that talin's interaction with the membrane-proximal and membrane-distal regions of integrin cytoplasmictransmembrane domains significantly loosens the inner membrane clasp as well as an additional salt-bridge (R734-E1006), which facilitates integrin activation through the separation of integrin's aand b-subunits. Also, it is shown that interaction of the Arg of the RGD sequence may activate integrin via disrupting the key interaction group between Lys346 on bA domain and Ser663/Ser664 on the bTD. Interestingly, we observed the full dissociation of bA and bTd domains when this interaction group was disrupted and was eventually dissociated as a result of a competition between the Arg of the RGD peptide with Ser664. Consequently, we proposed a mechanistic scenario as a potential mechanism for outside-in activation of integrin aIIbb3 by soluble RGD ligand that reconciles the switchblade and dead-bolt models for integrin activation.


Searches for decays of the Higgs boson to invisible particles simultaneously probe the standard model nature of the Higgs sector and the possible existence of DM particle candidates. The ATLAS and CMS Collaborations pursue an ambitious search program for such hypothetical decays in various analysis channels. Using the latest data sets from Run-2 of the CERN LHC (corresponding to approximately 140 fb$^{-1}$ per experiment), impressive progress has been made in constraining invisible decays of the Higgs boson. In this talk, I present the latest results, discuss their relative importance and summarize the prospects for the near future.


Thirteen specimens were experimentally tested under single midspan concentrated loads to study the shear behavior of lightweight concrete (LWC) and normal weight concrete (NWC) deep beams with web openings. In this research, the term LWC refers to the concrete obtained by partially replacing aggregate by polystyrene foam balls not the concrete containing lightweight aggregate. This resulted in a weight reduction of LWC beams in this research by approximately 30% compared to NWC compartments. The studied variables were the dimensions and location of openings, transverse reinforcement ratio, and shear span to depth ratio (a/d). It was found that the overall shear behavior and failure mode for LWC deep beams are comparable to those of the NWC specimens. This is very promising and encouraging to build lighter deep beams of similar structural behaviour as that of NWC deep beams. Dimensions of the openings have a signi fi cant effect on the behaviour of failure and shear strength of LWC and NWC deep beams. It was found that increasing the depth of the opening from 20 % to 40 % of the beam depth led to a reduction in the ultimate load by up to 46.4 %. Finite element modelling of the test beams was carried out to verify numerical results versus experimental work and both were very well correlated. In addition, a parametric study was conducted to assess the effect of internal stiffening around openings in deep beams. The maximum


The effects of land use change on surface water quality in an intensively used watershed in northern British Columbia were investigated. The water of the Kiskatinaw River watershed (KRW) was analyzed for its total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in 2004-2005 and 2010-2011, and the variation of water quality within sampling sites over time was examined. The results showed that TOC concentrations in 2010-2011 were lower than those in 2004-2005 due to decreased degradation of terrestrial vegetation, agricultural activities, and the loss of wetlands, as well as the strict regulation of industrial discharge from 2004-2005 to 2010- 2011 in KRW. It was found that TOC concentrations were high in the agriculturally intensive sites. In addition to land use, the data indicated that more rainfall led to higher TOC concentrations at the nearby stream/river during spring runoff and summer due to more surface runoff and erosion. The land use change effects were more dominant on TOC concentration variation than stream flow.


Background and study aims: Although colonoscopy is the gold standard for detecting colorectal cancer (CRC), adenomas and cancers are missed. We aimed to establish the safety and feasibility of use of a novel balloon-colonoscope. Patients and methods: Patients (40 – 75 years) referred for CRC screening, polyp surveillance, or diagnostic evaluation were enrolled in a prospective pilot cohort study whose primary endpoint was device safety. Additional endpoints included success of and time to cecal intubation, withdrawal and total procedure times, polyp detection rate (PDR), adenoma detection rate (ADR), and success of polypectomies. Results: Among 50 patients (mean age 59.0 years, 27 women [54 %]), three were excluded (inadequate colon preparation, technical problem, abdominal hernia) and 47 were analyzed. Two patients experienced minor adverse events (diarrhea, abdominal pain). Cecal intubation rate was 47 /47 (100 %). Mean times, to reach cecum, withdrawal, and total procedure, were 4.3, 7.4, and 16.5 minutes, respectively. We identified 44 polyps (all successfully removed) in 25 /47 patients (PDR 53.2 %), 35 polyps (79.5 %) were 1 – 5 mm, 4 (9.1 %) 6 – 9 mm, and 5 (11.4 %) ≥ 10 mm. Of 44 polyps, 36 (81.8 %) were "adenomas"; 21/47 patients had ≥ 1 adenoma (ADR 44.7 %). Conclusions: The NaviAid G-EYE balloon-colonoscope appears safe and feasible to use. Comparative human studies are underway. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01749722


The authors calculate the sensitivities of micro four-point probe sheet resistance and Hall effect measurements to the local transport properties of nonuniform material samples. With in-line four-point probes, the measured dual configuration sheet resistance is more sensitive near the inner two probes than near the outer ones. The sensitive area is defined for infinite film, circular, square, and rectangular test pads, and convergent sensitivities are observed for small samples. The simulations show that the Hall sheet resistance RH in micro Hall measurements with position error suppression is sensitive to both local carrier density and local carrier mobility because the position calculation is affected in the two pseudo-sheet-resistance measurements needed for the position error suppression. Furthermore, they have also simulated the sensitivity for the resistance difference ΔRBB′ of two specific configurations to clarify the effect of the calculated position, which results in an unexpected sensitivity to...


The state of stress in the Earth's crust is a key to understanding crustal dynamics. Recent seismological observations in NE Japan clearly show spatial variations of stress orientations in the crust; the stress field is basically consistent with relative plate motions as a first-order approximation, but it rotates significantly beneath mountain ranges or in and around the source regions of large earthquakes. Such observations suggest that the deviatoric stress field produced by relative plate motions is small enough to be disturbed by other stress sources such as topography and earthquake faulting. According to quantitative modeling studies, the deviatoric stress magnitude in the seismogenic zone in NE Japan should be in the order of tens of MPa, which is too small to overcome laboratory-derived fault strength. This suggests that fault weakening mechanisms, including the low frictional coefficient of the fault surface and overpressurized fluids, play an important role in the generation of earthquakes. Deviatoric stress magnitude in seismogeneic zones can be lower than in stable continents if the fault weakening mechanism is related to the subduction process. Given that deviatoric stress magnitude is generally small in the seismogeneic zones of island arcs, various stress sources can lead to heterogeneous states of stress. It is important to take account of stress heterogeneity when modeling crustal dynamics.


Bardy, B.—see Stoffregen, T. A. Bingham, G. P.—Allometry and Space Perception: Compression of Optical Ground Texture Yields Decreasing Ability to Resolve Differences in Spatial Scale ...........................................................................193 Bingham, G. P.—Calibration of Distance and Size Does Not Calibrate Shape Information: Comparison of Dynamic Monocular and Static and Dynamic Binocular Vision........................................................................55


This is the final report of a series of 4 reports covering a major study of about 29,500 drivers who took the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) driving test on 2 days in November 1988 and 2 days in July 1989. The analyses reported have aimed to determine whether there are any statistical associations between the accident liability of drivers in their first three years of driving and (i) aspects of the way they learned to driver, (ii) errors recorded by the driving examiners during the driving test, and (iii) the driver's assessment of their own driving abilities, their self reported behaviour and their personal driving style. Significant associations have been found for some drivers between accidents and prior motorcycling experience, the duration of the learning process, the number of test attempts, the amount of professional tuition taken, and the amount of practice with friends and relations. The errors drivers made on test - in particular errors of awareness and anticipation - do seem to be associated with accident liability in the first three years of driving. Novice driver accidents are also associated with some aspects of self assessed driving abilities. In addition, various aspects of self reported behaviour - notably errors of perception and awareness, violations, and measures of driving style - were found to be positively associated with accidents in the first three years of driving. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of their potential for improving driver training. (A) (For parts 1, 2 and 3 of this series, see IRRD 848006, 850454 and 869392).


Starting from April 2016, the legislator introduced a new type of social benefit – raising children & educational benefit. This allowance is for the second and subsequent child, and in the poorest families also for the first. The intention of the government is to provide a benefit helpful in bringing up children, by providing appropriate financial assistance in raising children, to reverse the drop in the number of births observed for many years and to further reduce the scale of poverty among families with the most difficult financial situation. However, after less than three years of application of the 500+ Program, it is difficult to determine unequivocally whether there has been a permanent reversal of the birth declining trend. Statistical data in this area can be interpreted in many ways and more time is needed to attempt a final summary. Certainly, the Program has improved the economic situation of the poorest families, especially those with large children.


It is shown that complementary property for voltage transfer functions can be applied to operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) circuits without ungrounding the OTA outputs. This property is valid for single and multiple OTA circuits and can be applied to obtain different functions from a given one. Also, this complementarity property can be applied to exchange the OTA output and ground, extending Fliege's transformation which maintain invariant the characteristic polynomial.


Mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) (dermoid cyst) make up almost 20% of all ovarian neoplasms and 88% are unilateral. They constitute the most common ovarian tumor in childhood. However, it is sparsely seen in postmenopausal woman. Malignant transformation is seen in approximately 2% of all cases of MCT and risk gets doubled in postmenopausal woman. Here, we present a case report of MCT occurring in postmenopausal multiparous woman masquerading as lithopaedion on imaging which is a rare phenomenon. Thus, the mystery behind Monsters egg is finally resolved by morphology.


The ocean's biological diversity—its genetic resources, species, and ecosystems—provides immense benefits to the United States and to all of human society. Knowledge about these resources is still rudimentary; however, trends in the best studied species and ecosystems— commercially exploited fishes, protected marine mammals and turtles, and certain coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs— indicate that these resources and their benefits are threatened by human activities both in the United States and globally. The U.S. government is already taking steps to address the threats, and actions are paying dividends in healthier resources. Recent initiatives, such as the President's Executive Order on Coral Reef Protection, signal a commitment to continue to improve the state of the marine environment. The key to further progress will depend on strengthening scientific research; applying a precautionary approach to resource use; strengthening partnerships with all stakeholders; and managing marine resources on an ecosystem basis. This paper highlights the ecosystem approach and the new Aquatic Restoration and Conservation (ARC) Partnership for Marine, Estuarine and Freshwater Living Resources as parts of a conceptual framework for organizing future actions to protect marine biodiversity.1


A novel network model and a learning algorithm based on symbol processing theory are described. The algorithm is derived from the minimization method of finite automata under the correspondence between Elman networks and finite automata. An attempt was made to learn context-free grammars by the new model network. Even though this learning method was derived under the correspondence to finite automata, the network can learn the subgrammar, which is the important feature for distinguishing context-free grammars and finite state automata.<<ETX>>


and systemic embolism but similar rates of major haemorrhage and death. Dabigatran 150 mg also increased non-significantly the rate of myocardial infarction. The quality of the evidence was high. Our indirect comparison of home-monitoring of oral anticoagulation versus dabigatran showed no convincing differences in the risk of thromboembolism, death or major bleeding. The estimates for self-management vs. dabigatran showed stronger but still non-significant trends. The quality of the evidence was low. In conclusion, the indirect comparison of home monitoring of oral anticoagulation with dabigatran suggests that the treatments have similar impact on thrombosis, bleeding and death. However, the confidence in the estimate of effect is low to very low. Our analyses contrast with the available comparison of dabigatran with conventional warfarin monitoring.


Objective To analysis the toxicities and efficacy of concurrent irradiation and chemotherapy in unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods From April 2002 to June 2006,50 unresectable stage ⅢA(N2) ~ⅢB NSCLC patients received 2 cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy with cisplatin(CDDP)30 mg/m2 on day 1~3 and 22~24 and Vinorelbine(VNR)20 mg/m2 on day 1,8,22 and 29.Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT) was administered concurrently in cycle 1 and median radiation dose was 64 Gy.Common terminology criteria for adverse events version 3.0 was used to assess treatment-related adverse events.Results The response rate was 70%.The median survival of disease progression-free and median overall survival(OS) were 7.5 months and 16.1 months,respectively.The 1-,2-and 3-year survival rates were 60%,32.7% and 21%,respectively.In the univariaty analysis,clinical stage and dose of radiation were significantly associated with survival and dose of radiation was significantly associated with progression-free survival(PFS).In the multivariate analysis,dose of radiation was significantly associated with OS and PFS.Toxicities were well tolerated.Grade 3 hematologic toxicities consisted mainly of neutropenia(10%).Twenty-six patients presented with grade 1~2 symptomatic radiation pneumonitis.Grade 1~2 acute esophageal toxicity was observed in 20 patients.Conclusion Based on this experience with 50 patients,this concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for inoperable stage Ⅲ NSCLC was feasible with acceptable toxicity.


Complementary to ocean state estimate provided by modelling/assimilation systems, a multi observations-based approach is available through the MULTI OSERVATIONS (MULTIOBS) Thematic Assembly Center (TAC) of the European Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS).

CMEMS MULTIOBS TAC proposes products based on satellite & in situ observations and state-of-the-art data fusion techniques. These products are fully qualified and documented and, are distributed through the CMEMS catalogue (http://marine.copernicus.eu/services-portfolio). They cover the global ocean for physical and biogeochemical (BGC) variables. They are available in Near-Real-Time (NRT) or as Multi-Year Products (MYP) for the past 28 to 36 years.

Satellite input observations include altimetry but also sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity as well as ocean color. In situ observations of physical and BGC variables are from autonomous platform such as Argo, moorings and ship-based measurements. Data fusion techniques are based on multiple linear regression method, multidimensional optimal interpolation method or neural networks.

MULTIOBS TAC provides the following products at global scale:

3D temperature, salinity and geostrophic current fields, both in NRT and as MYP;

2D sea surface salinity and sea surface density fields, both in NRT and as MYP;

2D total surface and near-surface currents, both in NRT and as MYP;

3D vertical current as MYP;

2D surface carbon fields of CO2 flux (fgCO2), pCO2 and pH as MYP;

Nutrient vertical distribution (including nitrate, phosphate and silicate) profiles as MYP;

3D Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) fields as MYP.

Furthermore, MULTIOBS TAC provides specific Ocean Monitoring Indicators (OMIs), based on the above products, to monitor the global ocean 3D hydrographic variability patterns (water masses) and the global ocean carbon sink.


Sixty-four cases of oral leukoplakia were examined immunohistochemically by the ABC method with monoclonal antibodies to transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) to study the correlation between epithelial dysplasia of epithelial cells and localization.Method: Specimens removed surgically and by biopsy were fixed according to convevtional methods, embedded in paraffin, thinly sliced, and H-E stained for histopathological study. The specimens were stained immunohistochemically by the ABC method with monoclonal antibodies to observe the localization of TGF-α and EGF-R.Results: The localization of TGF-α was often observed evenly in all layers of the epidermis in both normal mucosa and leukoplakia without epithelial dysplasia, whereas in leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia it was often found irregularly in all layers of the epithelium except for the basal layer. In nomal mucosa and leukoplakia, the localization of EGF-R was frequently found in all layers of the epithelium except for the basal layer.We consider immunohistochemical studies of the localization of TGF-α to be useful for the evaluation of epithelial dysplasia in leukoplakia.


Among the new antibiotics investigated clinically in Houston during the past two years, colistin (Coly-Mycin) has been one of the most promising. This antibiotic was isolated in Japan by Yosuo Koyama in 1950 from culture filtrates of Bacillus colistinus, a bacterium closely related to Bacillus polymyxa, the source of the polymyxins. Its pharmacology has been studied in Japan, Italy, France, and, more recently, this country. A summary of the findings of these studies indicates that the chemical, pharmacological, and antimicrobial activity of colistin is closely related to the polymyxins, Clinically, however, colistin causes fewer undesirable side-effects. Colistin is a complex polypeptide, with an empirical formula of C 45 H 85 O 10 N 13 and a molecular weight of 969. Its acid salts are stable in solution even for very long periods; alkaline salts are less stable. It is available as colistin sulfate for oral and ophthalmic use, and as


The utility model provides a fabrication device of a minisize tapered silicone tube. The fabrication device comprises an upper housing with a tapered cavity, a lower housing with a tapered cavity, a tapered core, circular locating pins, connecting bolts, lifting screws and two leakage-proof plugs; the tapered core realizes assembling and locating through the tapered cavities in the upper housing and the lower housing; the locating pins are inserted into locating holes of the upper housing and the lower housing to guarantee the assembling precision; the lifting screws are screwed into the upper housing and the lower housing to realize a demoulding process after silica gel solidification is finished; and the leakage-proof plugs are used to plug up an injection molding mouth and a vent hole in the upper housing and the lower housing after injection molding is finished. The device is simple and reliable in structure; the operability of a fabrication process is high; and the device is very suitable for small scale production of the 'nonstandard part' minisize tapered silicone tube, and can effectively lower the production cost of the minisize tapered silicone tube and shorten the fabrication time of the tapered silicone tube.


This paper treats time and space as two central perceptual categories that are disrupted when an older person confronts new vision loss. Qualitative research findings are presented, describing (1) the "invisible," "unknowable," and "hostile" relationships to objects and space often experienced by older persons with recent blindness; and (2) the consequent disruption of their previous ordering of time. Such challenges to these perceptual categories force newly blind older persons to question their ability to manipulate the environment and to participate in social relationships. Consequently, these perceptual disruptions make them vulnerable to both self-imposed tentativeness and externally generated labeling processes that identify them as incompetent.


Objective To study the correlation of coping style ( MCMQ) and psychological defense style ( DSQ) of youth Hepatitis 8 class (HBV) patients, and to provide the theoretical basis for clinical psychological nursing. Methods Using MCMQ and DSQ questionnaire, 76 cases of young HBV patients were investiged. Results MCMQ mean;In the face (3.13 ±0. 65) , evasive (2. 66 ±0.50) , yielding (2.46 ±0.57) ;after response to defense mechanisms, the mean;immature - type (5.58 ±1.38) , mature (4. 78 ±2. 03) , intermediate type (4.40 ±1. 34) , cover type (6.56 ±1.24) . Conclusions Defense and respond are all belong to the coping styles to meet internal and external environmental requirements, which attribute self - psychological adjustment and good defense styles. And it is benefit to individual well-being, alleviate the negative emotional and psycho - social stress caused by adverse effects, and promote patients'rehabilita-tion and improve mental health and the quality of life and prevent disease recurrence.

Key words:
Youth hepatitis B; Medical coping modes; Psychological defense mode; Comparison


The technique of tailoring the complex refractive index of an artificial dielectric material has been developed at the University of Lowell Research Foundation (ULRF). Low reflection coatings, generally referred to as Dallenbach layers, have been designed for metal substrates using the artificial dielectric. The method of characterizing materials for the purpose of tailoring their dielectric properties at terahertz frequencies will be discussed. Results will be shown for a typical dielectric coated aluminum plate specifically designed for low reflection behavior at ? 0.6 terahertz.


REPLY TO REFEREES AND GUIDE TO THE REVISION OF THE PAPER Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Title: Development of Bridge Failure Model and Fragility Curves for Infrastructure Overturning and Deck Sliding due to Lahars Authors: Joaquín Dagá, Alondra Chamorro, Hernán de Solminihac, Tomás Echaveguren MS N◦: nhess-2017-330 Anonymous Referee #1 Point 1a: The improper use of pronouns and adjectives causes difficulty in following the


This Research Results Digest (RRD) is an update on RRD Number 185: "NCHRP Supports Advances in Differential GPS Satellite Surveying", published in April 1992. The research has resulted in a technique by which highway engineers and surveyors may rapidly obtain precise positions necessary to maintain geodetic control. The technique uses measurements of the Global Positioning System (GPS), commercially available GPS receivers, and personal computers for data processing. Users of this technique need to occupy each point to be surveyed for only 1 or 2 min, without concern for cycle slips or other phase discontinuities in the phase data that commonly occur. Thus, this technique provides an efficient means to quickly and precisely survey a large number of points. Horizontal accuracies of 1 cm and vertical accuracies of 3 cm have been demonstrated. The software has been written to run on most available personal computers and can be operated with no special skills required.


Hemangioma is a common congenital disorder which happens in neonates or infant, with predilection sites in the face and neck. Not every case of hemangioma requires a surgical treatment. Some will regress spontaneously. In some cases which requires resection, the aesthetic aspects of the repair must be considered as the sites of the lesion involved the face and neck areas, which is greatly exposed. Two patients with hemangioma of the left cheek were admitted to Plastic Surgery Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The patients underwent excision and primary closure with purse string technique. Patients were evaluated at one week after surgery and a month after to assess scar appearance. Follow up evaluation revealed less visible scar compared to the immediate result. A well-known technique used by many plastic surgeons is the circular incision followed by purse-string closure. The use of this technique was known to produce less visible scar. Hemangiomas acts as a tissue expander, which make it applicable to close the defect using purse string closure.


The validity of tourism price regulation determines the customers interests and the healthy and order development of tourism market. Nowadays, China has not established a complete and effective tourism price regulation system, and the regulation failures happened occasionally. Based on stating the tourism price regulation failure form, this paper analyses the main reason for the failure, and discusses the innovative measures to eliminate the failure.


We propose a structural model of two-sided matching and a semi-parametric procedure for its estimation that allow to analyze determinants of managers' compensation such as firm's and manager's quality, production technology, bargaining power and inter-temporal preferences. We use the estimated model to study the stylized fact that managers in the financial sector receive higher compensation than their peers in other sectors. Our results suggest that a predominant portion of this wage gap is explained by differences in production technology, while differences in bargaining power, preferences and quality have a minor impact and are seldom statistically significant.


The next decade will bring massive new data sets from experiments of the direct detection of weakly interacting massive particle dark matter. Mapping the data sets to the particle-physics properties of dark matter is complicated not only by the considerable uncertainties in the dark-matter model, but by its poorly constrained local distribution function (the "astrophysics" of dark matter). I propose a shift in how to think about direct-detection data analysis. I show that by treating the astrophysical and particle-physics uncertainties of dark matter on equal footing, and by incorporating a combination of data sets into the analysis, one may recover both the particle physics and astrophysics of dark matter. Not only does such an approach yield more accurate estimates of dark-matter properties, but it may illuminate how dark matter coevolves with galaxies.


Recent decades are put lots of efforts to develop a higher-order scheme for convective terms approximation that is stable and reliable. The idea presented here is that approximation approach has to correspond to the physical phenomenon described by approximated terms. Pure convection (advection) that is described by convective terms is transporting a property along the streamline, and the information propagation is unidirectional, i.e., transported property depends on previous values along the streamline but does not depend on the next ones. The proposed approach represents streamlines on mesh as discrete streamlines and is called Discrete Stream(line) Method (DStreaM). A discrete streamline here is represented as a narrow triangle with one vertex of the approximated node and two others neighbor upstream nodes. Discrete streamlines are orientated using local flow direction as skew upwind schemes. DStreaM corresponds to pure convection. Here are considered standard test problems: advection of a step profile, advection of a double-step profile, advection of a sinusoidal profile, and Smith and Hutton problem. DStreaM solutions were compared with upwind-first order scheme and second-order Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) schemes with limiters Min-Mod, QUICK, and SUPERBEE solutions. DStreaM demonstrated second-order accuracy and rapid convergence. Upwind and DStreaM need 2 or 4 iterations to reach a final solution while TVD schemes need from 15 to 93.5 more iterations. DStreaM approach looks promising for calculation of convective-dominated problems because it approximates naturally first derivatives and is straightforwardly applicable as a meshfree method or on unstructured meshes.


Professor Alan Gibson's insightful article contains much that is admirable. He is, in my view, correct in calling scholars' attention—particularly political scientists—to James Madison's often neglected views in his National Gazette essays and the foundational role of public opinion on all governments. In addition, Gibson asserts several claims hoping to establish Madison's credentials as a democratic theorist that should be of interest as well. Specifically, he seeks to accomplish four tasks: (1) "to clarify the enduring debate over the credibility of Madison's democratic credentials"; (2) to "examine Madison's role in justifying, popularizing, and understanding… public opinion"; (3) to "highlight some of Madison's neglected insights into democratic theory, especially his understanding of the problem of collective action, and thereby establish him as a prescient democratic theorist"; and (4) to argue the case that Madison "contributed to a developing tradition of political thought in America upon a broad-based conception of freedom of speech and on the belief that political truths best emerge from the full flow of ideas." While I concur with much of Gibson's position—especially his fourth, indisputable point—I also disagree with him on at least one significant position: James Madison was not a democrat.


This paper in view of the control computer reliable request in mine pit drilling.in particular in order to prevent in the system work process question and so on data accident loss,studied and has designed one kind based on the double hard disk isola- tion,mutually the independent supervisory system.In detail introduced this system isolation principle and the realization method, through this system design and the realization,may realize in the adverse circumstance monitors the terminal to be able the normal work.


Cognitive distortions are biased perceptions, irrational thoughts that will affect individuals to a lesser or greater extent. In its worst form, it can lead to depression. Increasing awareness can help prevent this outcome. In this paper, we present Focus, a serious game, aimed at teenagers. Focus helps the player identify cognitive distortions. The environment illustrates the various effects of the distortion to provide a visual interpretation to the player. Exploring the world of his inner thoughts, the player is investigating and documenting strange artifacts present in his world and the reasons behind them. The investigation is providing a playground to discover the effects of cognitive distortion on the player's world perception. Focus is built around one cognitive distortion: "All or Nothing", but the concept can be applied to other distortions.


IIntroduction. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is the major cause of nosocomial diarrhea in the industrialized world, and an outbreak has recently been reported there. The epidemiological features of CDAD have been poorly studied in developing countries. Our objective was to determine both clinical and epidemiological features of CDAD cases from Cayetano Heredia Hospital, and to review the literature. Methods. This is a case series including the first 50 patients with CDAD detected in a surveillance study of nosocomial diarrhea. We included patients older than 14 years who were hospitalized more than three days in medical and surgical wards from Cayetano Heredia Hospital receiving antibiotics. A CDAD case was suspected if the patient had three or more loose stools in the past 24 hours. The diagnosis was confirmed using an ELISA test for detecting C. difficile A and B toxins in stools. Results. Mean age of patients was 60.6 years (range, 16–91). Thirty of the 50 patients (60%) were male. The mean number of antibiotics used before diarrhea onset was 2.74 (range, 1–6). Most frequently used antibiotics were: clindamycin (38/50, 76%), ciprofloxacin (26/50, 52%) ceftazidime (19/50, 38%), and ceftriaxone (18/50, 36%). The mean hospitalization time before diarrhea onset was 11.9 days (range, 4–115). Other associated symptoms were: fever (15/50, 30%), abdominal pain (9/50, 18%), nausea (7/50, 14%), vomiting (5/50, 10%), and abdominal distention (4/50, 8%). Conclusion. CDAD is not and infrequent condition. It should be suspected in hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics, particularly clindamycin and cephalosporins.


The traditional view of dementia is that patients experience a global decline in cognition and that there is nothing particularly unique about language. This sharply contrasts with the classic position that aphasia following stroke refl ects focal damage to " language specifi c " processing centers in the brain (Broca, 1863 ; Wernicke, 1874 ). We argue that there is indeed something special about language processing in dementia and that specifi c linguistic processes are compromised. Moreover, components of language that demand executive resources such as working memory and inhibitory control are particularly vulnerable to these conditions. Here we focus our discussion on the interaction of resource related defi cits with language specifi c impairment incurred in two dementia subpopulations: Alzheimer ' s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).


One of the wastes of furniture industry is sawdust. The sawdust is a useful waste as a fuel. Generally burning process needs enough oxygen supply. The oxygen and fuel ratio is one of the key factors in gaining efficient burning process. The objective of this research was to get the proper burning process condition in varied oxygen debit. The measured subject of this research is lubricating oil. The temperature of the heated oil was observed in the certain interval of time and in certain oxygen debit used. Using dimension analysis method, the relationship between the velocity of burnt sawdust mass reduction withrrespect to oxygen debit would be developed. The result of the experiment was:


It has been stated that epinephrin stimulates the activity of the thyroid and thereby increases protein metabolism; that it inhibits the activity of the pancreas thereby reducing the internal secretion of that gland with resulting diabetes (school of von Noorden). Hari, working with curarized dogs, finds a higher respiratory quotient after administering epinephrin than before the dose had been given. Wilenko, using rabbits under the influence of urethan, finds that epinephrin injections are without influence on the respiratory quotients, and that when carbohydrate is administered at the same time, the respiratory quotient indicates that the combustion of sugar is largely suppressed. Falta has lately administered epinephrin to human beings and has noted a rise in the respiratory quotient. In the experiments now reported it was found that in the case of a dog which received 50 grams of glucose per os and, at the same time, received 1 milligram of epinephrin per kilogram subcutaneously, the respiratory quotient rose to unity, remained at that level during five hours in spite of the fact that during this period about 10 grams of glucose were eliminated in the urine. The protein metabolism was unaffected. Therefore, adrenalin does not inhibit the pancreas causing diminished carbohydrate oxidation, nor does it stimulate the thyroid causing increased protein metabolism.


This research aims to identify the influence of website quality, product quality, product price, and safety shopping on e-commerce customer satisfaction and determine the significant factor influencing e-commerce customer satisfaction. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis to identify the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. This research uses the purposive sampling technique to determine the sample size through an online questionnaire to obtain the primary data. The 184 respondents respond to the online questionnaire through social media. This research shows that website quality, product quality, product price, and safety shopping simultaneously influence customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the most significant factor affecting customer satisfaction is product quality; this factor contributes as much as 38% among the other three independent variables in this research.


Objective:To detect the different expression of the protein expression of SOCS1,SOCS2,SOCS3 in maternal-fetal interface of mice with normal pregnancy and recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA).Methods:CBA/J×BALB/C and CBA/J× DBA/2 were used as normal pregnancy and RSA model respectively.The protein expressions of SOCS1,SOCS2 and SOCS3 in decidual and placental tissues on day 14.5 of gestation were detected by Western blotting.Results:Compared with normal pregnancy model mice,the expression of SOCS1 was significantly increased and the expression of SOCS3 was significantly decreased in RSA model mice(P0.01).The expression of SOCS2 had no obvious differences between normal pregnancy and RSA mice.Conclusion:There are obvious differences of SOCS1 and SOCS3 between mice with normal pregnancy and RSA,which might play an important role in the maintenance for successful pregnancy.


Despite the fact that the possibility of Jewish influence on early Islamic law is at least once again being considered in current debates, a comprehensive and open-ended (if not open-minded) examination into Qurʾāic legal conceptions in the light of Jewish traditions has yet to be undertaken. Hence, the chapter represents an attempt to interpret a non-narrative, non-haggadic passage from the Qurʾā. The aim is to use an individual case to again pursue the question if it is instructive to read the Qurʾā's legal regulations, which as a rule may be expected to represent innovative reforms designed to ensure or at the very least improve the functioning of the believers' community, against the backdrop of the rabbinical tradition. Under particular scrutiny is precisely where the possibilities and the limits lie for a "comparative" study between Qurʾāic and Jewish law. For this purpose, a single verse has been selected: Q 2:282. Keywords: early Islamic law; Jewish law; Q 2:282; Qurʾan; rabbinical law


report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of trial Fibrillation. eveloped in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and the European ardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). ndorsed and Approved by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology, the merican Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart hythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and the Heart Rhythm Society.


Sainthood took on its most familiar forms from the death of Jesus c.33 ce to the decades following the Council of Chalcedon in 451 ce. The early Christian church was an urban diaspora spread around the Mediterranean littoral, Hispania, Gaul, Asia Minor, North Africa, and Palestine. But who among these diverse communities were saints? 'Inventing the saints' describes the earliest saints as apostles who were 'sanctified' through their common associations with Jesus Christ. It outlines persecution, early Christian martyrdom, Donatism, asceticism, monasticism, and eremeticism, and introduces St Paul and St Antony. By the end of the 5th century the martyr, the ascetic, and the confessor had become the most important forms of Christian sainthood.


The senile cases of myocardosis complicated with hypoproteinemia showed always the abundant mucoid degeneration in the myocardium. The cases of energetic-dynamic heart insufficiency showed the mucoid degenerotion less frequently than those of the myocardosis, however, the former showed the more marked interstitial edema than the latter.


The t o p i c of my t h e s i s i s an a n a l y s i s of Hans Hofmann's t h e o r e t i c a l w r i t i n g s on a r t and t h e i r p o s s i b l e i n f l u e n c e on h i s West-Coast Canadian students. I have inc l u d e d a short biography of Hofmann i n order that the reader may become aware of the events t h a t l e d up t o h i s t h e o r e t i c a l development. Through a l l a v a i l a b l e published m a t e r i a l on and by Hans Hofmann, I have endeavoured t o analyze and t o e x p l a i n h i s t h e o r i e s which are often quoted but seldom understood. Hofmann"s a r t was i n s p i r e d by nature. This i n s p i r a t i o n enabled him t o create on the canvas the p e r c e i v a b l e movements of "push and p u l l " and "expansion and c o n t r a c t i o n . " These movements are caused by form and c o l o r on a bare canvas which creates the combined e f f e c t of two and three d i m e n s i o n a l i t y . However, the two d i m e n s i o n a l i t y of the p i c t u r e plane i s r e t a i n e d momentarily because v i s u a l l y i t appears two dimensional but past experience of the observer creates the e f f e c t of three d i m e n s i o n a l i t y . These movements of "push and p u l l " and "expansion and c o n t r a c t i o n , " which are perpendicular t o each other, are created by the simultaneous development of form and c o l o r . I f these movements are able t o re£lect the a r t i s t ' s mind,


Background: Intra-operative cytology (IOC) is a method of intra-operative pathological evaluation of cytology smears. The most important indication for IOC is to establish or confirm diagnosis rapidly. Other advantages of IOC are its simple, inexpensive, excellent preservation of cellular details, with no loss of tissues as occurs with cryostat sections and adequacy of surgical margins. Frozen sections are well established method for providing rapid and accurate intra-operative diagnosis. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of imprint cytology and assess the accuracy of imprint cytology with histopathological diagnosis obtained from ovarian neoplasm. Materials and Methods: Imprint smears were prepared immediately from all the ovariotomy specimens. The specimens were sent for histopathology along with prepared smears to categorize as benign, borderline and malignant. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were assessed. Results : Among the 99 specimens studied, 80 were benign, 9 borderline and 10 malignancy according to histopathology. We found that sensitivity, specificity, for benign lesions were 100%, 42.1% and for malignant lesions were 80%, 91.9% respectively. The overall accuracy was 89%. Conclusion : Imprint smear of ovarian neoplasm gives a rapid diagnosis with 89% accuracy against histopathology with added advantages. Imprint cytology is an adjunct to frozen section for providing an intra-operative diagnosis; however, in resource poor settings, it can be used as a stand-alone method for aiding intra-operative decision making.


A complete, integrated GPS (Global Positioning System) front-end comprising five GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Two of these MMICs are described in detail. Both chips represent high level of complexity, combining both low-power RF and digital circuitry. The first MMIC is a low-noise amplifier with two L-band RF inputs and two outputs, with 28 dB gain and 2.7 dB noise figure at 100 degrees C, and less than 200-mW power dissipation. The second MMIC is a dual-input downconverter consisting of a cascade of two RF attenuator/amplifier sections, followed by a mixer, and has approximately 26-dB gain.<<ETX>>


Education could play a role in decreasing and mitigating damages caused by natural disaster. By analysing relationships between level of education and components of the World Risk Index, this study demonstrated an education's role in natural hazard awareness and mitigation. For this purpose, we analysed relationships between the components of WRI, created an education factor independent of WRI (based on PISA 2018 Science test results), analysed the frequency, magnitude and exposure of natural hazards of an extreme event character in selected countries and analysed the relationships between the education factor and WRI components among the countries. A detailed analysis was performed for 15 countries representing the full global range of natural hazards (frequency, magnitude and exposure to droughts, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods (not related to hurricanes), mass movements, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis) and level of education. We found that the education factor (ranked and normalised to the maximal value among the considered countries) has significant negative correlation with the following WRI parameters: the Natural Hazard Factor (relative vulnerability, based on the difference between the relative and calculated WRI, ranked and normalised to the maximal value of WRI differences), susceptibility, lack of coping capacities and lack of adaptive capacities (all ranked and normalised to the maximal value). Results indicated that countries at low risk tend to be over-aware while countries at high risk are under-aware of natural hazards. Education can significantly increase awareness of natural hazards and reduce their impact.


In a previous article, the essentials of an experimental, interdisciplinary mathematics and science course was outlined [1]. The course was developed and taught by a team of mathematics and science professors at Norfolk State University (NSU), under the auspices of the Virginia Collaborative for Excellence in the Preparation of Teachers (VCEPT), and funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The article gave brief descriptions of the investigatory modules developed for the course and the mathematical modeling approach to solving the problems posed in the modules. In this paper, we go into greater detail on some actual problems posed in the modules and the approaches that students used to investigate them. The problems and activities are grouped under headings called "studies" to indicate that they were compiled by studying and observing students in actual classroom situations. The course makes use of an introductory mathematical modeling text [2], however the majority of the course activities are generated from the written modules. Students are given a lengthy bibliography to assist in their investigations, some of the items from which are included in this paper's references [3-8].


Based on status of coking,gasification and synthetic process in China,the characteristics and demands of developing is also analyzed.The developing tendency,chance and challenge of coal chemical engineering is put out.The technical measure to realize green process of coal and fine environment and maximum effciency is discussed.


day and then receiving it back as a fragment at the service. The questions of the nature of the element for the bread are not seen as peripheral but of theological influence and interest. Likewise O'Loughlin continues to develop this in the sharing of a common cup. He notes the countercultural nature of all sipping from one cup and the actual lack of this in much of society. This he links to the radical levelling of people at the service, high and low, rich and poor, male and female, adults and infants, all sipping from the one cup. This is of course undermined by many practices—small individual cups, or withholding the cup from the laity such that only the presider drinks from it. He does however note that sipping from the common cup is virtually universal within Anglicanism. He wants to analyse the Eucharist in terms of memory, practice, reflection and teaching. He sees each generation as moulding these elements of tradition in a series of displacements. The first is the separation from a real meal. The second is from a prayer to the Father to a consecration of the presence of Christ. The third is a movement from collective activity to a specialist action. The fourth is from a radical incarnationalism to the reintroduction of sacred and profane. This is helpfully and thoughtfully explained and is discussed in a fully ecumenical way showing strengths and weaknesses of a variety of practice. This is a thought-provoking book, but on one level it leaves me with a nagging feeling. If symbols have poles of meaning, as for example analysed by Victor Turner, then one of these is ideology. O'Loughlin appears to be undercutting much of the ideological discussion of the Eucharist and the long history of the discussion of Eucharistic theology. While these things are touched upon in the book, they are not fully analysed but rather described as an ideological bypath meadow. In one way this is much more radical than those who are against onto-theology. I am not sure that the discussion can be completely shunted into a siding. My second nagging feeling comes with the meal aspect. While asking us to reconnecting our thinking of cake and coffee with the Eucharist, there is little practical suggestion as to what might be done. There are hints of approval at smaller home-based communion services. The attempt of Cranmer to place the altar central in the chancel and have people come to the table and stand around it is not considered. Nor is the Presbyterian practice of laying a table down the centre of the church around which people sit for the Lord's Supper considered. Nor various attempts by the Church of England in introducing an agape style Eucharist—i.e. one with a real meal and parts of the service interposing the courses as found in Lent Holy Week and Easter. I give these examples not to suggest they are the solution but rather I think some historical examples could have been explored further. I'm sure that those who read it will find it a stimulating book; but don't throw away your sacramental theology yet.


Work done by H.K. Kwan and C.I. Lee (see IEEE Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 29, p. 9-21, 1993) is examined and compared to the classical biphase pulse compression technique. The common biphase pulse compression techniques are not very robust against intra-pulse Doppler distortions. The neural net method is examined for robustness against intra-pulse Doppler. Results are discussed and future possibilities are given. The method of calculating the neural net weights is given in the work and provides the reader with enough information to design nets for this application.<<ETX>>


The removal of H2S through seawater by iron-based liquid phase catalytic oxidation is studied.The effects of solution,air(oxygen) excess factor(e),temperature and pH of the initial solution on the removal of H2S(10 g/m3) which exists in the simulated natural gas from marine drilling platform are investigated.The product with sulfur as major constituent is characterized by the x-ray diffraction(XRD) and the sweep electron microscope(SEM).The results show that when e is 60,temperature is 25℃ and pH of the initial solution is 8,the optimum process conditions for H2S removal can be obtained.In addition,sulfur as the by-product is agglomerated which is beneficial to the solid-liquid separation.


A non-singular single integral mathematical model is adopted to calculate the external intermittent and alternative longitudinal magnetic field acquired by single axisymmetrical and cylindrical hollow coil t which is coaxial to electrode and excitated by a revisable pulsed current of square wave t in austenitic stainless steel GTA welding. It has the advantages of simplicity, high calculation efficiency and accuracy. The distribution, equalization and ratio of traverse and axial branch of the external magnetic field are discussed on the basis of the numerical calculation. The transverse heft is disadvantageous to the longitudinal magnetic GTAW.


The prestressed gantry crane girder,located on dam crest of right bank in the third stage works of Three Gorges project,is high,long span and complicated in structure,with close spaced reinforcement and large tensioning tonnage.As to the above characteristics of the gantry crane,the further study has been made for formwork design,concreting and vibrating and girder in tension.


This summary report on single axle dump truck component standardization in the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation identifies twelve components that have been standardized. For example, mirrors are Delbar heated mirrors where one mirror head fits all applications and wiring compatibility, and tires are Goodyear and Michelin radials.


A general and efficient microcanonical sampling (EMS) procedure based on that of Severin et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 57, 117 (1978)] is outlined. The relevant statistical weights are derived. The EMS method can be used for the generation of initial microcanonical states for trajectories or directly in the efficient calculation of microcanonical statistical averages and rate constants. The validity and usefulness of the EMS method is demonstrated in applications to 1D linear chains and 3D molecules such as H2O, SiH2, and Si2H6.


Eggplants have high requirements regarding the vegetative factors compared to other vegetables belonging to the same group. If there aren't optimum temperatures during the growth and fruiting periods, if there isn't enough light or enough water in the soil the floral buds, flowers and even the formed fruits abort. Their high requirements are also towards the soil and the nutrients within, this plant having a high consume during the fruiting period, so that applying organic fertilizers is very favourable. In this purpose, the experiment aimed to observe the impact of two types of organic fertilizers, introduced in the soil on the row direction before establishing the culture, upon the qualitative and quantitative production. At the same time, during the vegetative period there were applied bioregulators – Vifarex and Rodoleg. The experiment was placed in an industrial cold greenhouse, as prolonged cycle.


An optimum usage of the shipping space is calculated using genetic algorithms. The objective of the optimization is the maximization of loaded container of type dangerous and the minimization of the unused shipping space. The minimization of the unused shipping space has to be preferred against the maximization of the loaded container of type dangerous. Statistical evalutations were done and the usage of various parameters was analysed.


A case of inclusion and ectopia of a superior incisor resolved with the aid of a removable apparatus in reported.


The invention relates to an ionic iridium metal complex, which can be used as a material of a luminous layer in an electrochemical cell luminescent device. The complex has a general formula shown in the specifications, wherein a first ligand C-N is an aromatic heterocyclic compound obtained by coordinating sp2 hybrid C atoms and sp2 hybrid N atoms; a second ligand is 2-(1H-imidazole-2-radical) pyridine and a derivative thereof; R, R' and R'' are substituent groups on the second ligand; R'' is a group with high steric hindrance; R and R' are respectively and independently one of hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, trifluoromethyl, C1 to C30 alkyl, C1 to C30 alkoxy, C2 to C 30 alkyl amino, C6 to C20 aryl, C6 to C20 fused ring aryl, C4 to C20 heterocyclic ring aryl, and C6 to C30 arylamine groups; and A is a counter anion with one negative charge. The complex of the invention has the advantages of high heat stability, high luminous efficiency in solution and a high-concentration doped solid thin film, easy adjustment of emitting colors of the material, simple synthetic process, easy purification and the like.


This paper introduced a new multiplexer used in package machine system to control temperature. It used singlechip to sample signal, after comparing and calculating, controlled the object which being heating and stabilized it's temperature at the preinstalled temperature. And it can communicate with the host computer so that the preinstalled temperature and actual temperature will be displayed on the display.


The availability of micro-focused beams at 3rd generation synchrotrons makes collecting X-ray data from macromolecular crystals down to a fraction of micron size possible. This requires using goniometers with nanometer-level errors. Crystal positioning is typically realized with a multi-axis goniometer designed to minimize error motion during rotation of the crystal by the data-collection axis. In this paper, five degree-of-freedom error motions of an air bearing diffractometer data-collection axis are evaluated using a multiprobe method. As spindle errors and artifact out-of-roundness approach equal magnitudes, techniques must be used to distinguish and separate each error. A purpose-built fixture orients a single capacitive sensor in three asymmetrical positions to separate artifact form error from spindle error motion. Metrology results of this air bearing Omega spindle demonstrate synchronous errors of 16 nm radial, 4 nm axial and 0.28 μrad tilt.


This study evaluated the influence of selected superior bacterial isolates (SBI), biogas sludge, and their interactions on growth and nutrient uptake of upland rice grown in Ultisols. We used a randomized block design with two factors and seven replicates from October 2020 to April 2021. The first factor used selected SBI (B0 = untreated, B1 = nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolate (N3), B2 = phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolate (P7), B3 = isolate combination (N3+P7)). The second factor was the dosage of biogas sludge (S0 = untreated, S1 = 157.5; S2 = 315; S3 = 630 ml/polybag). The parameters were determined by ANOVA and followed by Duncan's multiple range test at Р<0.05. The results showed that the isolate P7 significantly increased the N uptake by 20.77% and crop growth rate (CGR) of upland rice 2.81 times. Biogas sludge doses from 315 to 630 ml/polybag significantly increased plant height, uptake of N and P, total fresh and dry weight, and CGR of upland rice. The interaction between N3 and biogas sludge dosage of 630 ml/polybag significantly increased the CGR of upland rice. The application of isolates N3 and P7 and their combination with biogas sludge of 630 ml/polybag has the potential to increase the CGR of upland rice in acidic soils.


The silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) platform is reviewed. The SOH approach is a promis-ing CMOS compatible photonic platform enabling ultrafast nonlinear signal processing in compact silicon photonic devices.


Sugar beet, cultivated Beta vulgaris, is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose. It is grown commercially for sugar production. The root of the beet contains 75% water, about 20% sugar and 5% pulp. By considering this in the present study, Sugar beet roots were used to produce ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After fermentation at 30O c for 48 hours ethanol was purified and estimated by modified dichromate method. For estimation 10ml of Acid dichromate solution was taken in BOD bottle. The ethanol sample from fermented broth was kept in hanging position in 2ml eppendroff vial for 24 hours. The ethanol from sample was converted in to ethanolic acid by dichromate solution. Remaining unused dichromate solution was then estimated with thiosulphate solution to determine ethanol percentage. Results indicated that this method is 99 % effective in estimation of ethanol and can be used as one of the best method for ethanol production.


Addressing the problem of waste management using the principle of Collect-Transport-Dump ( Kumpul-Angkut-Buang ) is no longer relevant since it does not solve the source of the problem that is the generated waste from household. As the highest waste generator, household waste management is crucial to reduce the waste volume dumped in the landfill. This means that active participation from the community is a must in waste management and for the community to know how to sort the waste and be able to do it is a necessity. The community service discussed in this article is one of the efforts to improve community capacity in Dusun Sruni , Cangkringan Sub-district, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta in managing the waste generated from their household by adapting the self-managed waste management well implemented in other cities in Indonesia. The steps implemented in the com-munity service as well as the expected results are described in this article. The findings on the potential problems in educating the community-based waste management as well as futher plans activities to the sustainability of the waste management are also discussed in this article. Keywords: waste management, community participation, community-based waste management


The goal of this paper is to numerically investigate the effects of gas-diffusion layer(GDL) anisotropy and the spatial variation of contact resistance between GDLs and catalyst layers(CLs) on water and heat transfer in polymer electrolyte fuel cells(PEFCs). A three-dimensional, two-phase, numerical PEFC model is employed to capture the transport phenomena inside the cell. The model is applied to a two-dimensional cross-sectional PEFC geometry with regard to the in-plane and through-plane directions. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effects of various key parameters. The parameters include through-plane and in-plane GDL thermal conductivities, operating current densities, electronics and thermal contact resistance. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that GDL anisotropy and the spatial variation of GDL/CL contact resistance have a strong impact on thermal and two-phase transport characteristics in a PEFC by significantly altering the temperature, water and membrane current density distributes to the identification of optimum water and thermal management strategies of a PEFC based on realistic anisotropic GDL and contact resistance variation inside a cell.


This paper will present an initial evaluation of the lead zirconate-lead zinc niobate solid solution for use in nonvolatile ferroelectric memory devices. Previous work has shown that the (x)/spl middot/PbZrO/sub 3/-(1-x)/spl middot/Pb(Zn/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/ [PZZN] system has "square" hysteresis loops accompanied by large remnant polarizations. In particular, compositions near the room temperature antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase boundary will be investigated.