In August 1994 a severe anthracnose was found on Lupinus albus in plots at four sites in Western Australia. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was isolated from lesions on collapsed stems. At one site the disease had spread to adjacent plots of L. albus, L. angustfolius, L. luteus and L. mutabilis. The primary infection was traced to seed lines of L. albus imported from Germany. In September 1994 procedures were put into place to eradicate the disease.


Interfacial engineering has been shown to play a vital role in boosting the performance of perovskite solar cells in the past few years. Here we demonstrate that caesium bromide (CsBr), as an interfacial modifier between the electron collection layer and the CH3NH3PbI3−xClx absorber layer, can effectively enhance the stability of planar heterojunction devices under ultra violet (UV) light soaking. Additionally, the device performance is improved due to the alleviated defects at the perovskite-titania heterojunction and enhanced electron extraction.


There is an intrinsic relationship between self-cultivation of Chinese Communists and the sinicization of Marxism.Self-cultivation provides cognative basis,premise and security for the sinicization of marxism,and leads its value proposition;while sinicization of marxism provides power source for the former.And its development forms the spirit of the times for self-cultivation of Chinese communists;and its theories provide the ideological and theoretical weapon.Self-cultivation of Chinese Communists and sinicization of Marxism have in common the basis of social practice,the development of carriers and the ultimate goal.


The 1997 Balanced Budget Act instituted a beneficiary-level annual limit on Medicare coverage of Part B physical/speech therapy services and of Part B occupational therapy. Congress later placed a 3-year moratorium on the limits, which proved to be politically unpopular and difficult to implement. This policy paper develops several administratively feasible expenditure control options that would not limit Part B therapy utilization at the patient-specific level. The authors also discuss the challenges of developing longer-term coverage and payment policy options that would incorporate case-mix adjustment methodologies. For comparison, the paper also describes the coverage policies used by several large private health plans regarding these services. Published by the Health Care Financing Administration; 2000 September.


Context. In solar flares, a large amount of thermal and nonthermal energy is released impulsively in the form of heated plasma and accelerated particles. These processes can be studied via hard X-ray (HXR) diagnostics. In addition to spectroscopic observations, a thorough understanding of the thermal and nonthermal particle populations requires the knowledge of the HXR source sizes. Aims. We derive the geometric source parameters of both thermal coronal sources and the nonthermal HXR footpoints in solar flares. We compare and evaluate four different methods for obtaining source sizes, and then derive the most reliable source sizes, as well as the systematic uncertainties. Methods. We obtained time series of HXR images for 24 flares from GOES class C3.4 to X17.2 using the RHESSI instrument. The four imaging techniques employed are CLEAN, Pixon, visibility forward fit, and MEM_NJIT. From this data set, we derived the geometric parameters of the thermal HXR sources and the nonthermal footpoints. Using the different imaging techniques allowed us to quantify systematic measurement uncertainties. Results. We find that the different methods give consistent results on HXR source sizes. The correlations are very good for the thermal sources, and somewhat lower for the footpoints. The MEM_NJIT algorithm gives systematically smaller sizes than the other methods, possibly a result of over-resolution. Thermal source volumes are in the range of 2 × 1025−1.2 × 1028 cm3 (with a median relative uncertainty of 30%), and nonthermal footpoint areas in the range of 2×1016−6×1017 cm2 (median relative uncertainty: 40%). The thermal volumes of our sample are in the same range as those derived for microflares, which would imply that source size is not an important parameter for flare energetics. Conclusions. Using different imaging algorithms for determining HXR source sizes offers the advantage that uncertainties can be better quantified thus making the derived parameters more reliable. Combined with geometric parameters that were derived as time series in a larger number of flares, this will allow the study of the scaling relations and the temporal evolution of thermal and nonthermal HXR sources.


In this work, we present the application of the BACKONE, PC-SAFT, SAFT-VR, and soft-SAFT models to examine the impact of the accuracy of representation of third virial coefficients on the behavior of the correspondingly predicted Joule−Thomson inversion curve (JTIC). Calculations were performed for nonassociating fluids such as ethane and pentane, associating fluids such as alcohols, and quadrupolar fluids such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. By taking advantage of the molecular nature of the models investigated, we were able to evaluate the separate contributions to the Helmholtz free energy. Nonassociating and quadrupolar fluids are mostly governed by the dispersion contribution, whereas, as expected, the association term plays a predominant role for associating compounds. We validated our previous findings that deviations from the correct shape of the JTIC at high temperatures directly reflect the inadequacies in the predicted third virial coefficients. Consequently, much attention should be dedicated ...


Shipboard iron- and macronutrient-addition experiment was conducted in the Central Indian Ocean, to investigate the variations of carbon in different forms and its records for plankton activities. Experiments were conducted in four 500-L acrylic barrels with the surface seawater near 24oS, 70oE. The concentration of chlorophyll a, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were measured. DOC concentration had a dramatic increase when phytoplankton bloom, which is caused by the excretion of blooming phytoplankton. Another maximum of DOC concentration occurred after phytoplankton bloom corresponds to the bacterial degradation of organic matters or the excretion of phytoplankton. The decrease of DOC concentration following the two maxima might result from the absorption of DOC by bacteria. The increasing trends of POC before phytoplankton bloom were consistent with that of DOC and chlorophyll a, indicating that phytoplankton growth dominated the plankton activities. The variation of POC concentration just after bloom was controlled by the decomposition of phytoplankton and the growth of bacteria. However, POC concentration increased at the end of the experiment, which might be caused by the growth of bacteria with the utilization of DOC. The present study infers that the carbon records, particularly POC and DOC, in the seawater are indicative to plankton activities.


The paper proposes a method of face detection combined color of skin with continuous AdaBoost algorithm.In order to establish skin color model,this paper takes advantage of semi-supervised strategy to guide skin color clustering,and it also proposes a new algorithm SKDK in the process of clustering.skin color model can be established by the probability statistics distribution characteristics of each pixel cluster.On this basis,mathematical morphology of knowledge is used to handle image and find face candidate,which is the input of continuous AdaBoost classifier for final face detection.Experimental results prove that face detection ability of the method is superior to that directly using continuous AdaBoost method for face detection especially in multi-face situation.


Silicon photonics is the emerging optical interconnect technology where integrated nanophotonic components allow reaching high device density and improved optical functional- ities. One key component is the optical microresonator. A particular kind of microresonator is the racetrack resonator where straight waveguide sections are used to achieve a large value of the coupling coefficient with a bus waveguide for any light polarization state. It is our aim to study the performances of racetrack resonators fabricated on silicon on insulator via CMOS pro- cessing. We experimentally investigated different multiple resonator designs where box-shaped filter characteristic, Vernier effect, and coupled resonator induced transparency effects are ob- tained. We demonstrate that racetrack resonators are instrumental to several different functions in nanophotonics and that the actual lithographic process is fully capable of building these


Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) provide a convenient and effective non-hormonal, long-acting method of contraception with usage by 127 million women world-wide1. There is a large variation in use between countries, with 33% in China, 18% in Scandinavia, 15% in Italy, 7% in the rest of Europe2, 5% in the UK (General Household Survey 1995)3 and under 1% in the US4. One of the main contributing factors in limiting uptake is the attitudes and perceptions of some users and even health professionals, who may themselves overestimate the hazards. Does it surprise some readers that estimates of annual death rates among US women using various contraceptive methods showed IUDs to have the lowest estimated mortality5? Or that questions like 'can it move round to my lung?' have been asked by potential users? To obtain good results, the skill of the operator and careful selection of patients are more important than the type of IUD used6–9. During insertion, vasovagal shock is rare, but insertion should not be carried out without a trained assistant at hand. Abdominal cramps can occur, but generally respond to simple analgesics. Uterine perforation has been reported to occur in 1.2/1000 insertions2. Perforation rates are inversely related to the skill and experience of the operator6,7. Likewise, expulsion rates ranging from four to ten per 100 woman-years with copper T380 devices vary much more with the skill of operator7 than the type of device used8.


The authors report specific contact resistance (ρc) values for Mo-, Ti-, TiW-, Pd-, and Pt-based Ohmic contacts to n+-In0.86Ga0.14As that are deposited with either collimated sputter or electron-beam deposition. Palladium-based contacts with 5 nm of electron-beam evaporated Pd have a specific contact resistance of 7.6 ± 0.5 × 10−9 Ω cm2, while identical collimated sputter deposited contacts have a specific contact resistance of 4.1 ± 0.4 × 10−9 Ω cm2. Contacts with a very thin evaporated Pd layer (2 nm) or a sputtered Pd/Ti 1/1 nm × 4 multilayer have stable ρc values of 5.4 ± 0.5 × 10−9 and 5.0 ± 0.5 × 10−9 Ω cm2, respectively, after 2 h at 270 °C. The ρc of sputter deposited TiW-based contacts is an order of magnitude lower than for identical evaporated contacts (1.6 ± 0.3 × 10−8 vs 2.6 ± 0.3 × 10−7 Ω cm2) and is stable during annealing, while sputter deposition of Pt-based contacts yields rc values that are half an order of magnitude lower than similar evaporated contacts (4.5 ± 1.0 × 10−9 vs 1.7 ± 0.2 ...


The sensitivity of the electrical conductivity of platinized semiconducting oxides at room temperature to the surface state of supported Pt is demonstrated. Materials that exhibited only Pt0 species, despite catalyzing CO oxidation at room temperature, showed no CO sensitivity of the electrical conductivity at room temperature. Moisture in air caused oxidation of finely dispersed Pt0 to PtII. The resultant materials did not catalyze CO oxidation at room temperature but did show a room-temperature response of electrical conductivity to CO. These materials did not have a large effect of water vapor on the electrical conductivity; however materials that had been further oxidized, to develop Pt(IV) states on the surface, not only showed a room-temperature response of electrical conductivity to CO, but also showed a large effect of water vapor on the conductivity. We propose the following:  surface Pt(II) and Pt(IV) act as band-gap trap states for electrons from the support, significantly decreasing the measur...


Using signatures in the longitudinal sound velocity we have mapped for the first time experimentally the pressure dependence of the phase boundaries in superconducting UPt[sub 3] for magnetic field, [ital H], parallel to the [ital a] axis. With increasing pressure, [ital P][sub [ital c]], parallel to the [ital c] axis, the tetracritical point in the [ital H]-[ital T] plane is observed to shift to lower [ital H] and higher temperature [ital T]. At a critical stress, [ital P][sub [ital c]][similar to]2.6 kbar the tetracritical point reaches the [ital H]=0, [ital P][sub [ital c]-][ital T] plane and our measurements prove coexistence of at least four phases in this plane as well.


Multivariate simplex B-splines as a modelling technique provide more accurate models than standard polynomial models, which makes them an excellent modelling tool. Their coefficients, which are expressed in a barycentric coordinate system, are abstract. In this paper a physical transformation matrix is derived which can be applied to transform B-coefficients into physical coefficients. The result is a set of per-simplex polynomials in Cartesian space. Direct computation of physical coefficients is also possible, but undesired because the physical transformation matrix is ill-conditioned and causes inaccurate regression. A case is made for using Kuhn's triangulation algorithm which is preferred for perfectly gridded data structures, instead of the more conventional Delaunay method for triangulation of the model domain. The physical spline modelling technique is applied on Lockheed Martin's Innovative Control Effector concept aircraft. Two models are created: a large set of simplices hosting polynomials of degree one, and a smaller set of simplices with higher order polynomials. These both are analytical formulations which can be used for control allocation. The resulting models are accurate and C0 continuous, but have local areas of error which could have an undesirable effect on control allocation. The high degree model more is affected by this more than the degree one model.


We discuss the multi-hadron systems containing a heavy hadron. We consider the heavy quark spin symmetry at leading order in the 1/mQ expansion with a heavy quark mass mQ. We discuss that there exist doublet/singlet states as degenerate/non-degenerate states in mass for any internal structure of the multi-hadron systems. As concrete examples, we adopt the heavy meson effective theory conserving the heavy quark spin, and apply it to the hadron molecule P(∗)N composed of the heavy meson P(∗) = (Qq)spin0(1) (a heavy antiquark Q and a light quark q) and a nucleon N, which leads to the doublet state. We further show that P(∗) mesons are degenerate in mass in nuclear matter, and that the doublet state exists. Behind the mass degeneracy in the multihadron systems, a new structure called the spin-complex is proposed as a specific form of the brown muck. At next-to-leading order, we show that, in the heavy hadron mass formula, the terms conserving (breaking) the heavy quark spin symmetry are related to the interaction vertices of the chromoelectric (chromomagnetic) gluon and the heavy quark. By utilizing this property, we propose to use heavy hadrons as probes to investigate the modifications of the gluon fields in medium. Concretely, we perform the analysis of the in-medium masses of P(∗) meson in nuclear matter based on the heavy meson effective theory, and predict that the chromoelectric gluon is enhanced, while the chromomagnetic gluon is suppressed.


This research aims to determine the effect of return on asset, earnings per share, debt to equity ratio, and price to book value of sharia stock price in Jakarta Islamic Index partially or simultaneously. This research uses quantitative approach with multiple linier regression analysis using panel data. The analytical tool being used is Eviews 8.0 software. The population used in this study is a company registered in the Jakarta Islamic Index. While the sample research is 10 companies in Jakarta Islamic Index that meets the criteria of purposive sampling. The period of This research over the period of 6 years from 2011 - 2016.  The result showed that return on asset, earnings per share, debt to equity ratio, and price to book value influence simultaneously and significant to sharia stock price. And partially variable earning per share and price to book value have positive and significant influence, return on asset variable have significant influence with negative direction, while variable of debt to equity ratio have negative effect not significant to shariah stock price at company registered in Jakarta Islamic Index 2011 – 2016 period. Keywords: Sharia stock price, Return On Assets, Earning Per Share, and Debt to Equity Ratio


The invention discloses a heparin sodium extraction method. The heparin sodium extraction method is characterized in that the method solves problems of insufficient intestinal mucosa enzymatic hydrolysis and bad adsorption effect of traditional enzymatic hydrolysis technologies. A non-uniform enzymatic hydrolysis phenomenon is generated in the traditional enzymatic hydrolysis technologies. The method enables full enzymatic hydrolysis to be carried out through introducing different supersonic waves in different enzymatic hydrolysis phases, so the content of heparin sodium in the obtained enzymatic hydrolysis liquid is improved, and the heparin sodium is fully released. The method enables an adsorption mother liquid to be purified through filtering in an adsorption phase, so the adsorption environment is clean, the adsorption of the resin is easy, and pollution and obstruction are less, thereby the production efficiency of the heparin sodium is improved. The heparin sodium yield is improved by 10-20% through the above two steps, so the method has a substantial economic benefit.


This paper is the result of a study to investigate the difference of the students's achievement in mathematical problem solving (MPS) based on learning approach. The research is static and quasi-experimental group posttest only. The population was all of students of upper and middle level public Junior High School in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. One school of each level and two classes of each school were involved as samples. The research also investigate students' mathematical prior knowledge (MPK) either in upper or in the middle level school. One way Anova and two way Anova are used to analyze the data. The research results are: (1) The students in PBL classroon get better achievement in MPS test than the students in conventional one; (2) There is no interaction between PBL and MPK towards MPS; (3) There is no interaction between learning approach and school level.


According to rapid assessment requirement of system protection control strategy adaptability in future operation mode, combining with application status of distributed computing for power system security and stability analysis, based on design idea of asynchronism and concurrency, this paper proposes a multi-scheme concurrent computing framework suitable for coarse-grained case parallelism. By the way of multi-data section parallel, the asynchronous and concurrent scheduling management of computing task of multiple application functions under different sections is realized, which effectively improves the utilization rate of computing resources and significantly reduces the computing period of advance evaluation of system protection control strategy adaptability. The technology has been applied in provincial power grid and its effectiveness has been verified.


Based on temperature,rainfall and sunshine hours data during spring wheat growth period(March to June) from 78 stations of Gansu Province in recent 45 years,the spatial and temporal evolution and climate response of spring wheat yield were analyzed by means of REOF and wavelets analysis.The results are as follows:(1) The spring wheat yield decreased from west to east and north to south region in Gansu Province;(2) There was two special regions for spring wheat,in east region of Gansu Province,the spring wheat yield was obviously lower and unstable,especially for the loess plateau region of the middle Gansu,while in west region of Gansu Province,the spring wheat yield was higher and stable.And when higher yield appeared in Hexi Corridor,the lower yield appeared in east region of Gansu Province and vice versa;(3) The spring wheat yield was sensitive to temperature change in Hexi Corridor,but in the loess plateau region,it was sensitive to precipitation;(4) The spring wheat yield amplitude was smaller before 1991 in the most sensitive area and then increased,and the abundant and shortfall years alternated with two to three years period.


A Freeman-Youden rectangle (FYR) is a Graeco-Latin row-column design consisting of a balanced superimposition of two Youden squares. There are well known infinite series of FYRs of size q x (2q + 1) and (q + 1) x (2q + 1) where 2q + 1 is a prime power congruent to 3 (modulo 4). However, Preece and Cameron [9] additionally gave a single FYR of size 7 x 15. This isolated example is now shown to belong to one of a set of infinite series of FYRs of size q x (2q + 1) where q, but not necessarily 2q +1, is a prime power congruent to 3 (modulo 4), q > 3; there are associated series of FYRs of size (q + 1) x (2q + 1). Both the old and the new methodologies provide FYRs of sizes 9 x (2q + 1) and (q + 1) x (2q + 1) where both q and 2q + 1 are congruent to 3 (modulo 4), q > 3; we give special attention to the smallest such size, namely 11 x 23.


One hundred and twenty-two consecutive cases with prostate cancer diagnosed at The University of Tokyo between 1973 and 1983 were folowed up. The number of patients increased rapidly in the sixties and reached its highest in the seventies. Almost two thirds of the patients were staged as C and D. Hormone therapy was carried out in 71. 3 per cent of patients as an initial treatment. Provided that deaths of other causes are treated in the same manner as those lost to follow up, the 5year survival rate of stages A, B, C and D calculated with Kaplan-Meier method were 100%, 64. 7%, 54. 4% and 31. 3%, respectively. Forty-nine of 87 patients (56. 3 per cent) treated with hormones relapsed or did not respond at al. These patients had a poorer prognosis than those who responded well and did not relapse in the subsequent course of the treatment. This finding suggests that one half of patients with prostate cancer may get little or no benefit from hormone therapy. In this context, a new diagnostic technique for quantitative prediction of hormone dependency, as well as a new treatment for hormone refractory prostate cancer, is awaited for improving the prognosis of patients with this cancer.


Increased activity of the enzyme nucleoside deaminase is found in the spleens of mice protected from lethal whole‐body irradiation by transfusion of isogenic bone marrow cells. As few as 10,000 nucleated bone marrow cells produce a significant elevation in enzyme level. This increase precedes any detectable increase in hemoglobin synthesis and is temporarily associated with an increase in protein synthesis during the early stages of recovery. Hypertransfusion of the irradiated, protected mice eliminates most of the stimulus to erythroid differentiation and prevents the increase in nucleoside deaminase. The present studies indicate that this enzyme is present in a differentiated red cell precursor not found in the normal stem cell population.


The biochemical identification and immunocytochemical characterization of a cell surface antigen, expressed on globose basal cells (GBCs) of the rodent olfactory epithelium (OE), are described. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) GBC‐3 recognizes a surface protein, confirmed by both live cell staining and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Two‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE/Western blot followed by tandem mass spectrometry demonstrates that the cell surface GBC‐3 antigen is the 40 kDa laminin receptor precursor protein. The MAb GBC‐3 labels the vast majority of cells among the GBC population and does not stain either sustentacular cells or horizontal basal cells (HBCs) in the normal rat OE. After epithelial lesion by exposure to methyl bromide, the remaining cells, which are mostly GBCs, are heavily stained by GBC‐3, and colabeled with GBC‐3 and sustentacular cell or HBC markers. GBC‐3 will be a potentially useful tool for identifying and characterizing GBCs. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:367–381, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The paper deals with the influence of the hydrological regime of the Charyn River, where the Bestyubinsk reservoir was built in 2012, on the state of floodplain geosystems. The research aims to identify and analyze the impact of regulation of the Charyn River flow reservoir on the state of geosystems. Research tasks include (1) calculating and analyzing the hydrological regime of the Charyn River; (2) identifying the sections of the river floodplain most susceptible to the threat of flooding before and after the construction of the reservoir; (3) compiling comprehensive physical and geographical characteristics of the floodplain geosystems of the Taskarasu Valley subject to frequent flooding. In the analysis of the hydrological regime of the river, we used difference and total integral curves to identify the cycles of fluctuations in the annual runoff. The river runoff was estimated by the change in the parameter of the mean annual runoff for 2004–2018. As a result of the interpretation of satellite images, using the Automated Water Extraction Index integrated with ArcGIS, the most frequently flooded area of the river floodplain for this period was identified. The time and area of flooding were determined. Based on the data obtained, the flooded areas were compared for 2004–2018. The advantages of visual observation using satellite images are the ability to clearly and intelligibly visualize the flooded area and systematically, as quickly as possible, reach the required site coordinates using decoded digital data, which is necessary when studying the functioning of geosystems. To describe the state of the floodplain geosystems most susceptible to flooding, we used the data for many years of field landscape studies. Thus, comprehensive physical and geographical characteristics of the Taskarasu Valley were given.


PERTINENT taxonomic literature relating to the simple slime mould, Dictyostelium sphaerocephalum (Oudemans) Saccardo and March., has been discussed by Olive (1902). Doubts have been cast on the specific validity of this species (Bonner, 1959; Olive, 1902; Raper, 1940, 1951; Sussman, 1956). However, with a view to contributing to the knowledge of Indian white Dictyo. stelia, observations on two strains of Acrasieae referable to this species are presented in this paper.


Video traffic has been growing significantly and it is expected to be a large share of the future Internet traffic, within an increasingly mobile environment with scarce resources. In this context, new challenges arise, and energy-efficiency is becoming a key factor for the successful deployment of mobile networks. The development and validation of mechanisms for energy-efficient video transmission require the measurement of the energy consumption needed for video transmission, considering also the end-user Quality of Experience. This issue is of utmost importance, as users will tailor their application and network usage behaviors based on the perceived quality of the services and on the capabilities of their devices. In this work, an integrated empirical methodology to assess the video transmission energy consumption and quality is proposed. The developed methodology was validated on two distinct testbeds, one with IEEE 802.11 and the other with IEEE 802.16e. Results showed that the proposed methodology enables an accurate assessment of energy consumption with different technologies, while measuring the end-user Quality of Experience. Another contribution of the proposed methodology is the capability to gather data to support the creation and validation of realistic simulation models.


Principle of motion picture projection; optical analysis of projection lamp house; outline of theatre carbon manufacturing, variety and character; urgent studies necessary for theatre carbon.


Objective To investigate the effects of LBP inhibitory peptide on TLR4 of U937 induced by LPS.Methods U937 was stimulated by phorbol-myritate-acetate( PMA 100 ng/mL) and divided into five groups: control group;LPS group(10 ng/mL LPS+100 ng/mL rhLBP);low dose inhibitory peptide group; middle dose inhibitory peptide group; high dose inhibitory peptide group (10 ng/mL,100 ng/mL and 1 000 ng/mL inhibitory peptide respectively ). The mRNA and protein of CD 14was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot and the concentration of TNFα released from U937 was detected by ELISA.Results Optical density(OD) of TLR4 mRNA and protein in inhibitory peptide group was lower than that in LPS group and higher than that in control group.The concentration of TNFα in inhibitory peptide group was lower than that in LPS group and higher than that in control group.Conclusion LBP inhibitory peptide might have a potential protective role in LPS induced inflammation such as sepsis and acute lung injury by inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and reducing the release of TNFα.


A material such as a musical piece or a picture can be appreciated in various states. An optical head (31) is provided for reading out from a CD-R (11) contents data such as a musical piece or a picture recorded in the CD-R (11), meta-data for arranging the contents data, and information for specifying the contents data. Also provided is a circuit (35) for integrally outputting the contents data read out by that optical head and the data arranged by the meta-data.


Constructing the practice teaching quality management system to eusure and improve the teaching quality,is an important topic that institutions of higher education facing to.This article introduces the basic ideas and practice about the practice teaching quality management system of Chinese medicine education in Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.

Key words:
Higher education; Traditional Chinese medicine; Practice teaching; Quality management system


Based on the case study of "cold",the article presents a semantic understanding of vocabulary and its processing from cognitive perspective,and holds that it is an important part in second language acquisition and teaching.


Media spaces support remotely based cooperative activities and in some cases promote telepresence. Often, however, video use surrounding these systems has not been completely adequate or even appropriate for the tasks typically investigated. Research has primarily focused on "talking heads" video—video images of participants conversing face to face. Presently, the findings suggest that use of video in this way has limited application for supporting communication and cooperation. In contrast video has rarely been considered as a tool for sharing physical objects and workspace, even though video use in this form has enormous potential for exploiting media space. Furthermore, little is known about optimally configuring camera views and their presentation given the various uses of video conferencing. This paper describes observations of participants using media spaces, focusing on system aspects of the desktop video conferencing. Multiple camera views were manipulated and their presentation for negotiation and physical object assembly tasks. In two studies video was assessed for its value in face-to-face and workspace configurations. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the various equipment configurations for the selected tasks, including an examination of telepresence. Examples of both successes and failures of system efficacy are reported. Implications for future studies of media spaces, video conferencing systems, appropriate task contexts, and telepresence are discussed.


This paper introduces the concepts and issues of environmental justice and environmental justice movement in U. S., and evaluates environmental justice movement in Korea. After the annual report of CEQ(Council on Environmental Quality) in 1971 made a clear correlation between environmental risk and income at first, many scholars have researched the environmental justice in U, S. and the principles of environmental justice was made. But it is the early stage of conceptualization of environmental justice and environmental justice movement in Korea. So this paper evaluates Greenbelt Preservation movement and National Trust movement on the basis of the ideology of environmental justice.


In late May 1997, a survey questionnaire on urban tree management was sent out to 187 local authorities in Britain. The aim of the survey was to measure the extent to which modern methods of urban tree management were being developed and practised. Such a detailed survey had not previously been undertaken and it was conducted as part of a wider study into the development of urban forestry in Britain and Ireland.


Abstract Floodplain forests are among the most threatened habitats in North America. We used the richness, abundance and diversity of amphibians and reptiles to assess the effects of habitat modifications at the Old Sabine Bottom Wildlife Management Area (OSBWMA) in Smith County, Texas, USA. Amphibians and reptiles were surveyed using artificial cover objects and minnow traps at nine ephemeral pools: three in undisturbed bottomland forest, three in deer food plots and three near active oil pumps. A total of 627 amphibians and reptiles representing 31 species was captured. Undisturbed forest plots sustained a higher amphibian richness compared to food and oil pump plots. Amphibian abundance differed significantly among habitats with food plots having the highest and oil pump plots the lowest. Reptile abundance was not significantly different among habitat types neither was reptile richness following rarefaction correction. Overall, each habitat type had similar Simpson's diversity indices, ranging from 0.852–0.894 for total amphibians and reptiles. The community compositions in the three habitat types were significantly different. In general, the food plots had little impact on the amphibians and reptiles in this floodplain however oil pump plots appeared to be avoided. Overall, species presence varied according to the type of habitat modification which should be considered before implementing management plans.


Our statistics on Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) shows that the electrons temperature ($T$) of hard X-ray and the shock waves traveling velocity ($\upsilon$) decreases with ages ($t$) for all-sort remnants. However, the shock waves swept-up mass ($M_{su}$) of ISM increases with the age. Second, the remnant radio fluxes ($S$) at 1 GHz increase slightly with ISM electrons density ($n_0$). At last, the number distributions illustrate that the supernovae (SNe) initial kinetic energy ($E_0$), hydrogen column density ($N_H$), electrons temperature (kT) of hard X-ray, magnetic field ($B$) and the shock waves swept-up mass ($M_{su}$) of ISM mainly peaked at $(1 \sim 10) \times 10^{50}$ ergs, $(1 \sim 10)\times 10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$, a few KeV, 100 $\mu$G and 10$\sim$100 $M_{\odot}$, respectively.


The quantitative analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)is a new kind of quantitative analysis method based on structural analysis,which has been widely used in drug quality control.In this paper,it explored the approaches to applying quantitative of NMR to the experiment of pharmaceutical analysis from imparting theoretical knowledge,innovating teaching content and establishing evaluation system.Practice shows that this exploration will bring new research achievements and methods into experimental teaching,stimulate the enthusiasm of students to explore science and improve their practical ability,and make a basement for innovative talents cultivation.


The electrolytic water equipment made up by the use of the dry cell as the power supply for the experiment of electrolytic water and the use of the disposable syringes instead of special glass electrolyser is light,to use convenient to handle and easy to observe and the volume of H2 and O2 produced approaches 2:1.


Let P be a pseudo-group on a manifold Q such that Xr is ^/-regular (Definition 3. 1). It seems to be important to know whether the orbit system £r (k, x, f) is 7^-automorphic or not (Definition 4. 1). If dim AQ>dim Q^l, it is known that, for a sufficiently large integer k, Xr (k, x, f) is .T-automorphic (Theorem 6. 1 in [2]). But in case l<[dim N <dim Q, we do not know whether the same assertion holds or not. In the present paper, we consider the problem for the automorphism pseudo-group <Jl(E) of some kind of a differential equation E and seek for a necessary and sufficient condition for the orbit system JL, ju& (k, x, f) to be ^Jl (E) -automorphic for a sufficiently large k (Theorem 6. 1). Through this paper, we assume the differentiability of class O*. For a pseudo-group /*, we always assume that any element of F is close to the identity. For the completeness of a pseudo-group /"*, refer to Definition 5. 2 in [2].


Abstract Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of 17'000'000 worldwide deaths annually. If the current trends continue, the number of deaths will increase to 25'000'000 by the year 2020. Lifestyle contributes to many chronic diseases such as coronary heart diseas. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between lifestyle and ischemic heart disease. Methods: This case-control study was carried out in Damavand sevvom sha'ban hospital. The sample of the study consisted of 65 cases (patients suffering from coronary artery disease) and 65 healthy controls. Data were collected by three questionnaires: General Health Questionnaire(GHQ), FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) and physical activity questionnaire . These questionnaires were completed by interviewing the participants. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: There was a significant correlation between Age, Marital status, Smoking, Physical activity, diet and Mental health and ischemic heart disease. Conclusion: Insufficient physical activity, high fat and low fiber diet, inappropriate mental status were risk factors and major causes of in heart ischemia incidence. Key words: Heart Ischemia, Life Style, Physical Activity, Diet, Mental Heath. REFERENCES Ahmadvand AR. Jamshidi AR. and et al (2002). [Translation of Health World Report of 2002]. Tehran: Avicenna Institute. (Persian) American Heart Association (AHA) (2001). Heart and Stroke Facts. New York: American Heart Publication.. Aminbashi M. (1999). [Prevalence of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease Patients Under 50 Hospitalized in Zahedan Khatamolanbia Heart Hospital]. MS Tehsis. Zahedan Medical Sciences University in 1373-77 year. (Persian) Azizi F. (2001). (Sugar & Lipid in People of Tehran). Metabolism & Endocrinology Researches Center of Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University. (Persian) Azizi F. Hatami H. Janghorbani M. (2000)[ Epidemiology and Control of Common Diseases in Iran]. No. 1. Tehran: Eshtiyagh. (Persian) Baecke JA. Burema J. and Frijters JE. (1982) A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 36(5)936-42. http://ajcn. nutrition. org/content/36/5/936. short Bastanhagh MH Nematipoor E. et al.. (1994). [The Results of Tehran People Blood Pressure Research Plan]. Tehran University of Medical Sciences Heart Research Center. (Persian) Benchimol D. et al. (2000). Short and long-term risk factors for sudden death in patient with stable angina. International Journal of Cardiology. 76(2-3)147-56. Butler JT. (2001). Principle of Health Education and Health Promotion. 3rd ed. United States: Wads Worth Press. Dwivedi S. Dwivedi G. Chaturvedi A et al(2000). Coronary artery disease in the young: Heredo familial or faulty life style or both. Journal of Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine. 3(1) 221-5. Eaker ED. Abbot RD. Kannel WB. (1989). Frequency of uncomplicated angina pectoris in type A compared with type B persons. The Framingham. Study. Am J Cordial. 63(15)1042-5. نشر ه دانشکده پرستاری و ماما ی لب يهمكسبا ء ل تبا ا گي ن كب يهطسربا ب / 53 ر ق س د ب ز ی ی ا Fauci A S Braunwald E Kasper D L et al (2008) Harrison 's Principles of International Medicine. New York: McGraw Hill. Goldberg DP. Hillier VF. (1979). A scaled version of the general health questionnaire. Psychological Medicine. 9(1)139-45. Garber CE. (1997). The benefits of physical activity on coronary heart disease and coronary heart disease risk factors in women. United States. Women's Health Issues. 7 (1)17-23. Hashemifard T. (2003). [Sustainability of Health Education on Quality of Life in Patients with Open Heart Surgery in Shahid Rajaei Heart Hospital]. MS Thesis. Tarbiat Modarres University. (Persian) International Cardiovascular Disease Statistics (1998). Biostatistician Fact Sheet. American Heart Association. Jenkins CD. (1983). Psychological and Behavioral Factors. Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. KimiagarKS. Ghaffarpour M. Houshiar-Rad M. et al. (1998). Food consumption pattern in the Islamic Republic of Iran and its relation to coronary heart disease. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 4(3) 539-47. Malcolm JA. Dobson AJ. (1989) Marriage is associated with a lower risk of ischemic heart disease in Men. The Medical Journal Of Australia. 151(4)185-8 Moher M. (1995). Evidence of the Effectiveness of Intervention for Secondary Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease in Primary Care. Oxford: Anglia and Oxford Regional Heart Authority. Mohammad Noorbala AA. (1999). [Plan Reviews in health and disease]. Tehran: Health Department/Medical Sciences Researches Center.. (Persian) Mohebbi S. Sharifirad. GHR. Matlabi M. (2006). [The relation of physical activity in middle age and cardiovascular problems in old age in retired people in Isfahan]. Ofogh Danesh; The journal of Gonabad Facility of Medical Sciences & Health Services. 12 (3) P57-64. (Persian) World Health Organization (WHO). Fighting Heart Disease and Stroke. 17 March 2002. available at:http: //www. Who. Into / world – health (22 march 2002). World Health Organization. (1999). The World Health Report. Geneva.


Abstract Background Applying Artificial Intelligence techniques to healthcare data are gaining momentum. Early identification of patients at risk of surgical site infections is a major clinical goal. Our objective for this study was to determine whether deep learning AI techniques could identify patients at risk of intra-abdominal abscess development post-appendectomy using clinical data for pediatric patients undergoing appendectomy. Methods A dataset of 1,574 patients classified by surgeons as negative (1,328) or positive (246) for Intra-Abdominal Abscess Post-Appendectomy for Appendicitis were selected from a database containing 6,127 patients less than 19 years-old who had appendectomy at our institution between 2009–2018. Demographic, clinical, and surgical information were extracted. 34 Independent variables were identified to be useful for the study. Using Random Forest methodology 12 variables with the highest influence on the outcome were selected for the final dataset. Data imputation (MICE algorithm) was used to replace missing data points. Two "Reproducible" Artificial Neural Networks with different architectures were developed to predict the risk of developing Intra-Abdominal Abscess Post- Appendectomy: Model (1) 12 Inputs, 3 hidden layers with 12 Neurons each, and 1 Output. Model (2) 12 Inputs, 2 hidden layers with 18 Neurons each, and 1 Output. Results For the 1,574 patients (80%-20% used as training and test sets), Model (1) achieved Accuracy of 89.84%, Sensitivity of ~ 70%, and Specificity of 93.61% on the test set while Model (2) achieved Accuracy of 84.13%, Sensitivity of 81.63%, and Specificity of 84.6%. The difference between the models is that in Model (2) we over sampled the minority class (using SMOTE algorithm) to balance both classes which helped the model to learn both classes without bias and improved sensitivity over Model (1). Conclusion Deep learning algorithms applied to enough clinical variables can identify patients with high probability for the risk of developing intra-abdominal abscess post-appendectomy. While further test sets are necessary to validate the models, Artificial Neural Networks can be an important addition to current post-surgical care guidelines to personalize and optimize care to reduce infections following appendectomy. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Levis, Ferrero, Chiappella, Bruno and Ricardi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 17 August 2023 DOI 10.3389/fonc.2023.1273598


In two previous sntdies (2, 3) it was found that frustration impaired the WISC coding performance of both a group of middle-class Jewish boys and a group of institutionalized children with conduct disorders. In a further effort to determine the generality of these findings as well as investigate the reactions to frustration of children who are assumed to have difficulty tolerating stress, the present snidy utilized a group of brain-injured children. Thirty-six boys (MI,,, = 9.22), suffering from various degrees of cerebral damage and receiving remedial work in such areas as reading and mocor skills, comprised the sample. After taking the WISC coding subtest, Ss were randomly assigned in equal numbers to a high-, a low-, or a no-frustration group. The procedure used to produce frustration is fully described elsewhere ( 3 ). Basically, Ss in the highfrustration group were interrupted just prior to completing a marble board and therefore could not win a prize. Low-frustration Ss were interrupted at the marble game, but no goal (prize) was specified for them. Ss in the no-frustration group were never exposed to the marble game. Following the treatments, each S received a revised form of the coding subtest. The results of a simple analysis of variance of difference scores on the coding subtest for pre- and post-frustration experience indicated a significant main effect of frustration (F = 3.41, p < .O5). A series of t tests revealed that there was significantly greater impairment of coding performance in the high-frustration than in either the low-frustration or no-frustration groups. Furthermore, a comparison of pre- and post-Frustration errors indicated that the high-frustration group made significantly more errors following the experimental treatment than did either of the other two groups. It seems clear then that the experimentally produced frustration consistently affects WISC coding performance within a fairly hecerogeneo~~s sample of children. Additional criterion measures will be investigated in subsequent research.


A ngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors undoubtedly represent one of the major advances in cardiovascular therapeutics over the past 20 years. Having been originally derived from the venom of the Brazilian arboreal viper Bothrops jararaca, captopril and subsequent ACE inhibitors are currently well-established agents for the treatment of patients with hypertension, heart failure, and left ventricular dysfunction. They have also been shown to reduce the risk of major vascular events and progression of renal disease in patients with diabetes and proteinuria, while the Heart Outcomes Protection Evaluation (HOPE) 1 study demonstrated benefits of ramipril in patients with coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular function. Most recently, the Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS) 2 showed that an ACE inhibitor (perindopril)– based therapy reduced the risks of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in patients with established cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, the benefits of treatment were consistent across different patient subgroups, such as those with and without a history of hypertension (or high blood pressure [BP] at entry), ischemic subtypes and intracere-bral hemorrhage, and ethnicity (Asian versus non-Asian), and occurred on a background of other therapies. The evidence is, therefore, strong for ACE inhibitors being pivotal to the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across a broad range of " high-risk " individuals. The therapy is particularly relevant to patients with stroke, given that the absolute risks of recurrent stroke and other vascular events are very high, and the treatment is now proven to be safe, well tolerated, applicable across all major stroke subtypes, and it is relatively inexpensive. 3 Reduction in the synthesis of the potent vasoconstricting and salt-retaining peptide angiotensin II, while simultaneously decreasing degradation of bradykinin within the renin-angiotensin system, is considered the principal mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors. Because the BP reduction as a consequence of vasodilation and salt depletion is similar to that achieved with other antihypertensive agents, the benefits of ACE inhibitors on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality could be readily explained by a BP-lowering action. Certainly, no definitive evidence that ACE inhibitors are superior to other antihypertensive agents was found in a recent large meta-analysis, although the authors acknowledged that the number of endpoints included was inadequate to show modest but important differences between agents. 4 In addition, PROGRESS confirms pooled prospective cohort 5 and clinical trials 6 data of an approximate one third reduction in the incidence of stroke being conferred by decreases …


Although the authors have demonstrated the inability of rat and guinea pig (GP) skin enzyme preparations to desaturate 18:2n6 into gammalinolenic acid (18:3n6) using an in vitro microsomal system, the fate of this dietary essential fatty acid in the GP epidermis is unknown. To explore the fate of 18:2n6, intact tissue slices from GP epidermis were incubated with (1-/sup 14/C)18:2n6. After incubation, the extracted lipids were transesterified using methanolic-HCL. The fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed using a combination of (i) argentation TLC, scanned using a proportional TLC radioscanner, and (ii) reverse phase HPLC, equipped with a flow through radioscanner. The results indicate that the intact epidermis metabolized /sup 14/C-18:2n6 to a group of novel products more polar than 18:2n6. In subsequent experiments, /sup 14/C-18:2n6 was either incubated with the 800 xg supernatant, the 105,000 xg pellet or supernatant from GP epidermis. Metabolism of 18:2n6 by the high speed supernatant resulted in the generation of polar products with chromatographic properties of not greater than 2 double bonds. These results indicate that although the GP epidermis lacks the capacity to desaturate 18:2n6 to 18:3n6, it can convert dietary 18:2n6 into a group of novel polar metabolites via a cytosolic mediated process.more » The function of these metabolites in the GP integumentary system remains to be determined.« less


The great success of physics in the past four centuries has been the formulation of equations which describe the motion of individual particles or objects. This is the basis of the study of dynamics whether it be classical, quantum or relativistic. In practical situations however one is frequently confronted with a multitude of particles all interacting with each other. In principle, the complete dynamical solution for this complex system can be worked out from first principles and then solved using a computer. However when the number of particles (or degrees of freedom more generally) exceeds a certain level this approach becomes completely impractical. Moreover one is often not at all interested in the location of an individual particle from this assembly of objects. Instead one is usually interested in only the " total " behavior of the assembly. For example, the total energy of the system or other gross properties. A concrete example of this situation is provided by a gas volume. For a unit volume (1m 3) this consists of around 6 × 10 23 molecules colliding with both the container walls and themselves. We are not interested in the position of an individual molecule instead we are interested in things like the " temperature " which is proportional to its total energy. We need therefore a method for passing from the individual description of the system to the large scale and useful description of the entire system. This is the central practical problem of statistical physics. Rather interestingly it is often the case that the laws governing the large scale are rather universal and not particularly dependent on the specific dynamics controlling individual particles. Such laws are known as the system thermodynamics. Clearly however we need to relate those laws in some way to what is happening to the individual particles. Given that the large scale quantities of interest are typically averages of basic dynamical variables for the individual particles this process is fundamentally statistical in nature. Statistical physics is the method for making this transition and thereby justifying the empirical laws of thermodynamics. The subject had two great pioneers in the late 19th and early 20th century namely Ludwig Boltzmann in Austria and Josiah Willard Gibbs in the US. Their conceptual framework still stands today as a great (and unfinished) achievement in mathematical physics. 2 Microstates Consider a large number of particles and assume initially that their …


The study focused on antioxidant potential of extracts obtained from flaxseed, evening primrose and black cumin defatted cakes and their effectiveness in enhancing the cold-pressed flaxseed oil stability. The highest total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power (FRAP) exhibited evening primrose cake extract, followed by black cumin and flaxseed cake extracts. The influence of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% oilseed cake extracts and 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on stability of cold-pressed flaxseed oil incubated at 40C for 21 days was assessed by PV and p-AV measurements. The effect of addition was dependent on the kind of extract and concentration used. The highest protective efficiency toward flaxseed oil exhibited 0.2% flaxseed cake extract, which was more effective than synthetic antioxidant (0.02% BHT). Therefore, the flaxseed cake extract might be used as an alternative natural source of antioxidants for inhibition of flaxseed oil oxidation.

Practical Applications
Oilseed cakes are byproducts of oilseeds pressing and they are normally used as fodder in animal nutrition or as a fuel in heating plants. From an economical point of view oilseed cakes seem to be underutilized as they provide an excellent source of raw material with potential applications as nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients. The low oxidative stability of cold-pressed flaxseed oil impose the investigation for alternative natural substances with antioxidant properties. Enrichment of flaxseed oil with flaxseed cake extract enhances the stability and nutritional value of oil.


Wang, Weichao. M.S.M.E., Purdue University, May 2015. An Experimental Investigation of a Premixed Laminar Flame Using Tunable Diode Laser and Quantitative Imaging of Radiation Intensity. Major Professor: Jay P. Gore, School of Mechanical Engineering. Simultaneous CO concentration and temperature measurements using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) are reported in this study. Ro-vibrational transitions of CO, R(27) and R(6) are used for probing absorbance profiles. Premixed ethylene-air flat flame on a McKenna burner is used for creating combustion gaseous products at equivalence ratio 0.83 to 1.82. Nitrogen shroud flow is used for preventing air mixing. Both Direction Absorption (DA) and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) experiments are conducted. Experimental results are compared with literature and simulation using CHEMKIN and chemical equilibrium. Reasonable agreements are achieved between experiment and simulation. The CO detection limit is determined ~36 ppm-m for DA and ~11 ppm-m for WMS. To study the radiation profiles of the corresponding flat flame, a calibrated high speed infrared camera with three bands is used to capture CO2 and H2O radiation intensity. Quantitative images of radiation intensity for the flame at equivalence ratio 0.6 to 1.6 are documented and discussed.


In this paper, hand gesture controlled robot is being proposed. Gesture commands freely trainable by the user can be used for controlling external devices with handheld wireless sensor unit. The accelerometer depends upon the gestures of hand. Through accelerometer, a passage of data signal is received and it is processed with the help of Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller controls the robot to move in the desired direction.


Problems concerning terminology and relationships of basement membranes to extracellular matrices (ECMs) and connective tissue systems in invertebrates are discussed, and recommendations regarding nomenclature are presented. It is suggested to use 'basal matrix' as a comprehensive term for various basal ECM structures, and apply the term 'basement membrane' (BM) for a unique ECM structure that is fully resolved only by electron microscopy and as a general and descriptive word in both light microscopy, biochemistry and electron microscopy. When possible and relevant it is recommended to apply the subdivisions: 'lamina lucida', 'lamina densa' (= 'basal lamina') and 'lamina fibroreticularis' (sometimes missing). A brief and non-technical account of the recent concepts of BM macromolecules and their assembly is given, based on mammalian models. Basement membranes probably first appeared in cnidarians, and from then on became obligatory ECM structures. It is emphasized that this event was crucial for evolution of the multicellular state, and for construction and morphogenesis of tissues and organs. Lower worms, such as turbellarians and nemertines, display the most varied and complex basal matrices. First, in annelids, complete correlation between BM structure and composition has been demonstrated, with isolation and consecutive localization of basement-specific molecules such as, for example, collagen IV and laminin. Both in arthropods, especially insects, and echinoderms, the introduction of modern techniques corresponding to those used in mammalian BM research has now given equally valid results. An interesting and fundamental outcome of the reviewed work on invertebrate BMs is the realization of the early evolution of BM components. Macromolecules such as laminin, collagen IV and fibronectin are highly conserved, but with fine modulations, and in lower invertebrates they may exist without being assembled into true BM structures. Laminin and fibronectin are expressed with certainty in cnidarians, and fibronectin possibly already in sponges.


This article identifies key types of local institutions rural Alaska Native communities use to manage subsistence re sources such as fish, game, and edible plants. Local institutions are the informal rules and norms communities use to manage these and other natural resources. Other scholars have mostly discussed them in the context of how they help subsistence users cope with ecological fluctuations in the abundance of certain species. The study presented here discusses them within a larger context of social and economic change. These local institutions were identified based on personal interviews with 62 active subsistence users in six different Yup'ik communities in the Yukon-Kus kokwim Delta region of Western Alaska. Participant-observation in subsistence activities like fishing and gathering supplemented the interview material. The key local institutions involve resource harvesting, resource processing, and resource sharing. The analysis of interview and observation data show that local institutions help households and communities cope with fluctuations in harvest amounts due to ecological perturbations, formal management regu lations, and high fuel prices. Although local institutions can be fragile in the face of market pressures, and rationale for some institutions are not known by the younger generation, the strong role of sharing suggests that Yup'ik local institutions are expected to persist as climatic, environmental, economic, and social change continues.


Power system restoration following a massive or complete blackout starts with energizing the primary restorative transmission system. During this primary restoration process, unexpected over- voltage may happen due to nonlinear interaction between the unloaded transformer and the transmis- sion system. In the case of the Myanmar electric power system, there are so many wide outage experi- ences, including complete blackout cases, caused by 230kV line faults and so on. Consequently, Myanmar's system operators have been well trained to deal with wide blackouts. Howver, system blackout restoration has been conducted by relying on the experience of only a few specialists. So, more scientific analysis is required to meet the requirements necessary to ensure fast and reliable sys- tem restoration. This paper presents analytical results on the primary restorative transmission system of Myanmar, focusing on the problems during the early restoration process. Methodologies are presented that handle load pick-up, terminal voltage and the reactive capability limitation of black-start genera- tors to compensate the Ferranti effect. Static and dynamic simulation with the PSSolution and EMTDC programs respectively for the six cases are performed in order to select the primary restorative trans- mission lines.


A field experiment was conducted at the Agroforestry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from 15 November 2009 to 13 March 2010 to find out the performance (growth and yield) of tomato, radish, soybean and lettuce under different distance from the Xylia dolabriformis tree and also under pruned and unpruned condition of the tree. Different treatments of the experiment were T0 (open field), T1 (3 feet distance from tree), T2 (6 feet distance from tree) and T3 (9 feet distance from tree) under pruned and unpruned conditions of the tree Xylia dolabriformis. The experiment was laid out in RCBD for all four crops with 3 replications. The result of the experiment revealed that the yield of the crops increased gradually with the increase of planting distance from the tree and crops under pruned condition of the tree provide better yield performance compared to unpruned condition. In radish, the highest value of yield (20.97 t ha) was found under open field which was statistically similar to treatment T3 under pruned condition. In tomato, it was also found that open field produced highest yield (52.08 t ha). In soybean, the highest grain yield (4.2t ha) was recorded in open field which was also statistically similar to treatment T3 under pruned condition. In lettuce, it was observed that open field produced highest yield (18.5 t ha). In case of all crops, lowest yield was found in 3 feet distance from the tree under unpruned condition of Xylia dolabriformis. The growth characters such as height, number of leaves and stem girth of Xylia dolabriformis tree are not satisfactory in association with tomato but growth characters of Xylia dolabriformis tree are found higher in association with soybean so we may recommended that growing of soybean at 9 feet distance from Xylia dolabriformis under pruned condition of tree is the best tree-crop combination in Agroforestry system.


Objective To study the chemical constituents of Bidens bipinnata and search for bioactive natural products, which have the anticancer and antiinflammation activities. Methods The six compounds were isolated by a combination of silica gel, reversed phase silica gel column chromatography, and polyamide column chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectral methods. Results Ten compounds were isolated and six structures were identified. They are trideca-2-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 13-dihydroxy-3 (E), 11 (E)-en-5, 7, 9-triyne (Ⅰ), trideca -2-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 13-dihydroxy-11 (E)-dien-3, 5, 7, 9-tetrayne (Ⅱ), hyperoside (Ⅲ), 6-O-(3″, 6″-diacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6, 7, 3′, 4′-(tetrahydroxyaurone) (Ⅳ), 6-O-(6″-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6, 7, 3′, 4′-tetrahydroxyaurone (Ⅴ), 6-O-(4″, 6″-diacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6, 7, 3′, 4′-tetrahydroxyaurone (Ⅵ). Conclusion Compound Ⅱ is a novel compound, compound Ⅴ is isolated from this plant for the first time.


Studies on the effect of surfactant location on O/W emulsifiction, revealed a useful correlation between the maximum amount of aqueous phase that could be solubilized in the oil phase containing the emulsifier and the average droplet size of the emulsion subsequently formed.It is suggested that this correlation may be applied to develop a tool which can minimize the need for a trial-and-error process in selecting the best surfactant combination for a given emulsion formulation. The proposed method would have an advantage over Griffin's "required HLB" concept as, unlike required HLB values, solubilization measurements are relatively simple and the results are reproducible. Furthermore, this method should be more reliable since it takes into account the effects of other additives in the oil and aqueous phase.The correlation between solubilization and emulsification is believed to be related to the basic emulsification mechanism.


Cinnamon is derived from the bark of cinnamon tree, with cinnamic aldehyde being the main constituent as well as trans-cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cinnamon is rare, usually presenting as a localized dermatitis; however, systemic dermatitis and urticaria have been reported. We report an unusual case of ACD following daily ingestion of cinnamon in a chai-tea drink in a 38-year-old female with an 18-month history of persistent cheilitis affecting both lips. Past medical history included allergic rhinitis. Before her ACD, she had been diagnosed with actinic cheilitis; however, this had cleared with a course of Efudix cream. There was no improvement with cessation of makeup and lip products but improvement with daily tacrolimus ointment 0.1% without full resolution, with her cheilitis returning to full severity within 1–2 days of temporary cessation. On initial review, her lips were mildly dry with no active dermatitis. The patient was patch tested to the Australian baseline series (ABS), cosmetic, fragrance, cheilitis and dental series as well as the patient's own products. Reactions are summarized in Table 1. After patch testing, the patient admitted to switching her regular daily coffee to chai tea (Prana Chai Original Blend and Raja Chai) immediately before development of her cheilitis. Both products contained significant amounts of cinnamon. Subsequently, the patient avoided all chai tea and cinnamoncontaining products resulting in complete resolution of her cheilitis and was able to cease tacrolimus ointment. She later reported a flareup after consuming a raisin bread containing high amounts of cinnamon.


Pneumonia is a morbid complication of stroke, but evidence‐based strategies for its prevention are lacking. Acid‐suppressive medications have been associated with increased risk for nosocomial pneumonia in hospitalized patients. It is unclear whether these results can be extrapolated to stroke patients, where other factors strongly modulate pneumonia risk. We investigated the association between acid‐suppressive medication and hospital‐acquired pneumonia in patients with acute stroke.


This article asserts that Antonio Gramsci's account of 'the international' linked to the rise of the modern capitalist states-system remains neglected within debates on the historical sociology of International Relations (IR). It does so by following two main axes of inquiry that assist the aim of unravelling Gramsci's relevance to understanding processes of state formation within the causal conditioning of `the international'. The first axis focuses on Gramsci's historical research on Renaissance Italy and the role of mercantile capital in shaping late medieval and early modern states; the `southern question' concerning the terms of uneven development of the Mezzogiorno in Italy; and the Italian Risorgimento understood as a passive revolution, or the reorganisation of state identity through the reproduction of capitalist property relations. These issues provide a historical backdrop to considering Gramsci's novel contribution to understanding the `national' dimension as a point of in understanding processes of capitalist expansion within `the international' realm. This is pursued in the second axis through his account of the states-system and its relation to the emerging hegemony of Anglo-Saxon capitalism that detailed the European response of fascism to the growing intervention of foreign capital and the conditions of uneven development in terms of the specific contexts of the Russian Revolution and Woodrow Wilson's liberal internationalism. It is argued that a recognition of such, as specific instances of passive revolution, assists in providing an essential contribution to understanding `the international' in conditioning state formation that has been absent from current debates in historical sociology in IR.


The data processing problems associated with imaging spectrometer data are reviewed; new algorithms and optical processing solutions are advanced for this computationally intensive application. Optical decision net, directed graph, and neural net solutions are considered. Decision nets and mineral element determination of non-mixture data are emphasized here. A new Fisher/minimum-variance clustering algorithm is advanced, initialization using minimum-variance clustering is found to be preferred and fast. Tests on a 500 class problem show the excellent performance of our algorithm.


This study aimed to design English questions based on Bloom's Taxonomy on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions to enhance reading comprehension for grade tenth at SMA Swasta Raksana. The study was conducted by using Research and Development (R & D) design from Borg & Gall (2003). The new questions were designed based on C4, C5 and C6 of Bloom's Taxonomy level where C4 was analyzing, C5 was evaluating and C6 was creating. The source of data of this study was the textbook "Bahasa Inggris SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Kelas X", syllabus and lesson plan. The instruments used for collecting data were questionnaire, interview and documentation. The data were gathered by administering interview to the English teacher and questionnaire to experts or validators to know whether the questions were relevant or appropriate administered for students, documentation was needed to help the researcher run the research. The result of this study was 30 questions as the product that had been validated by two validators, English teacher and English lecturer. The average validation score from English lecturer and English teacher was 4.58. It was categorized as Very Good. It means the developing English questions were categorized as relevant or appropriate for the tenth grade students of senior high school.


The present study evaluated the susceptibility of juvenile Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, to Streptococcus iniae. Fish were intraperitoneally injected with 4.7 × 10 CFU fish. The control fish received sterile normal saline (PBS) intraperitoneally. The fish were monitored for clinical signs, and mortalities were recoded daily for two weeks post-challenge. Moribund and/or freshly dead fish were immediately removed for biopsy and/or necropsy, gross evaluation, and histopathological examinations, and the cause of mortality was confirmed by re-isolation of the S. iniae from kidney or spleen using standard microbiological tests. Mortality rates were in ranged from 20.83 to 83.33% within 48 to 120 h post challenge. Hepatocyte vacuolization, focal necrosis and melano-macrophage aggregation were dominant histological findings in affected fish. Correspondence: I Sharifpour, Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran. (E-mail: email@example.com). Severe meningitis with massive inflammatory cells infiltration and vacuolation were also detected in the brain layers. In addition, the kidney tissues exhibited severe necrosis, diffused tubular degeneration, hyaline exudates accumulation in tubular lumens, shrinkage of glomeruli, dilation of Bowman's space, cellular infiltration and interstitial tissue necrosis. Hyperemia and inflammatory cells infiltration in the base of primary lamella were the most common histopathological signs of gills. In the eye sections, congestion, hemorrhage and degeneration of the retinal layers were also observable. These histopathological findings show that juvenile Persian sturgeon is a highly susceptible species to S. iniae thus, raising a high risk of streptococcosis outbreaks in sturgeon aquaculture either in freshwater or marine environments.


The book concludes by articulating the significance of the attention to local history for our study of national and international themes of migration. Complementing works which address the lives of individuals and congregations across the Anglophone world, the conclusion demonstrates that there is scope for further investigation of migrant rabbis, in particular. Jewish religious functionaries have, as yet, rarely been understood as a group of people whose migration westwards might shed light on transnational networks of authority. Adam Mendelsohn's work on the middle of the nineteenth century and rabbis who migrated to various parts of the Anglophone world is pioneering in this regard. It is hoped that Jewish Orthodoxy in Scotland may give rise to other studies investigating the careers of others who graduated from the Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary before World War I and made their lives in the West.


Melting heat transfer of ice in porous media around a single horizontal cylinder and two horizontal cylinders vertically spaced in a rectangular enclosure has been experimentally and numerically investigated. In the experiments, an ice saturated porous medium was set at-1.0°C, and the temperature of the cylinder surfaces was changed above the fusion temperature, 0°C, and then melting was initiated. Melting of pure ice without porous media was also studied in order to compare to the case with the porous media. As a result, it was seen that natural convection largely affected melting of pure ice without the porous media even for the small cylinder-temperatures, 4.0°C and 8.0°C, but with the small porous particles(d=1.0mm)the effect did not largely appear even for the large cylinder-temperature, 20.0°C. On the other hand, with the large porous particles(d=5.0mm)the effect is clearly observed for 20.0°C. The melt area ratios were not largely changed with a change in the number of cylinders, although the melt shapes were largely changed after melted regions around the two cylinders were merged. Numerically obtained temperature distributions and melt area ratios were in good agreement with the experimental ones. In addition, timewise variations of velocity distribution in melt were clarified by the calculations.


As I write this, Gaza is under attack. In violence sparked by a decision from the Supreme Court of Israel to evict six Palestinian families from the Sheikh Jarrah neighbourhood of occupied East Jer...


The author in this paper elaborates the postmodern view of the consumer society using Mark
Ravenhill's play Shopping and Fucking as a representative t


Etiologic studies of cervical adenitis have rarely separated the cause of the infection in relation to the age of the patient. In older children, group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus has often been found to be the common offending organism and antibiotic therapy is frequently prescribed with this in mind.1,2 There are no comparable data for infants so that the most probable etiologic agent cannot be surmised from past experience. The two cases reported below emphasize the hazard of assuming that group A β-Streptococcus was the responsible agent, emphasize the necessity of considering other bacterial genera such as staphylococci, and indicate the need for needle aspiration of the node to establish a precise etiologic diagnosis.


The invention provides a production technology of ammonium bifluoride. The technology takes the byproduct fluosilicic acid of an anhydrous hydrogen fluoride production line and ammonia water as major raw materials and is used for producing ammonium bifluoride and co-product high-purity silicon dioxide. According to the technology, a silicon complex reagent is added to prevent generation of the complex precipitate of the ammonium fluosilicate and ammonium fluoride when in ammonia desilicication, and the separability of silicon dioxide from water is improved; and hydrofluoric acid is not used in the ammonium bifluoride production technology. The invention provides a new method for producing ammonium bifluoride by replacing the anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with the byproduct fluosilicic acid of a fluorine-source anhydrous hydrogen fluoride production line; and 6 fluorine atoms in fluosilicic acid are all released to replace hydrofluoric acid, thus the production cost of potassium fluoride can be greatly reduced, the product quality of potassium fluoride is improved, the raw material cost of ammonium bifluoride is lowered, and the benefits of ammonium bifluoride production enterprises are increased.


This paper discusses the aspectual particle po in Albanian. The etymology and use of the particle is discussed in relation to its Indo-European background, its Balkan context and its position within the grammatical system of Albanian.


latin america's "left turn" expanded cash transfers and public services, contributing to lower poverty and inequality. recently, right-leaning candidates and parties have begun to win back seats in the legislature, and in some cases have captured the executive branch. This shift has sparked debate about the future of latin america's welfare states. This article analyzes social policy reforms enacted by two recent right-leaning governments: that of Sebastián Piñera in Chile (2010–14) and Mauricio Macri in argentina (2015–). It finds that contrary to neoliberal adjustment policies of the past, neither Macri nor Piñera engaged in privatization or deep spending cuts. Instead, both administrations facilitated a process of policy drift in some sectors and marginal expansion in others. Policy legacies and the strength of the opposition help to explain these outcomes, suggesting that latin america's political context has been transformed by the consolidation of democracy and the experience of left party rule. l atin america's "left turn," which began in 1998 with the election of Hugo Chávez, ushered in significant changes to the nature and scope of social welfare policy. Several governments in the region expanded social assistance, insurance, and services, thereby reducing poverty and inequality (Huber and Stephens 2012; Pribble 2013; blofield 2012). recently, however, the region has witnessed a new electoral trend, as right parties have begun to win back seats in the legislature and, in some cases, the executive branch. right-wing presidents were elected in argentina, Chile, and Peru, and a center-right coalition has reached majorities in Venezuela's legislature. In 2016, Dilma rousseff of the Workers' Party in brazil was impeached and replaced by a party further to the right, and evo Morales (Movement Toward Socialism) in bolivia lost a referendum that so far precludes him from running for re-election. This swing toward the right has sparked debate about the future of latin american social policy and redistribution (Cannon 2016; Casullo 2016; Fairfield and Garay 2017). During the 1980s and 1990s, several countries in the region © 2017 University of Miami DOI: 10.1111/laps.12027 Sara Niedzwiecki is an assistant professor of politics at the University of California, Santa Cruz. firstname.lastname@example.com. Jennifer Pribble is an associate professor of political science and international studies at the University of richmond. firstname.lastname@example.com. LAPS_Fall2018_LAPS_Fall13_copy.qxp 6/15/2018 1:31 PM Page 72


The two-dimensional flow of a stream past a simple wedge partly immersed in water is investigated by linearized theory. The results are expressed in terms of a non-dimensional speed V = U(ρα/gL)¼, where U is the velocity of the stream, ρ is the water density, α is the incidence of the sloping face and L is the lift on the wedge per unit beam. As the speed increases from zero, the immersion of the wedge increases to a maximum and becomes small at high speeds; the frictional drag increases to a maximum at the hump speed and falls to a constant value at high speeds. Notation X, Y co-ordinates (figure 1) U stream velocity x = X/l = – cos θ UH hump speed y = Y/l V non-dimensional speed U(ρα/gL)¼ 2l loaded length p pressure on surface h immersion of rear edge L lift per unit beam 2l0 loaded length in floatingcondition D resistance or drag condition Dp pressure drag h0 immersion of rear edge in floating condition Df friction drag Dw wave resistance ρ density of liquid Dj jet resistance g gravitational acceleration Cp pressure coefficient 2p/ρV2 α incidence of sloping face Cf skin friction coefficient k = gl/U2 CL lift coefficient L/ρU2l a semi-amplitude of waves


six categories, with time-to-recurrence cutoffs at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or6 years. Areaunderthereceiveroperatingcharacteristiccurves (AUC-ROC) was used to evaluate algorithm performance.Recurrence-free survival (RFS)was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Results: Of the 120 patients, 44 (36.7%) recurred at the time of analysis. Surgical resection(n = 32, 26.7%),thermal ablation (n = 29,24.2%), and OLT(n = 59, 49.1%) were the treatment modalities. With1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years as the time-to-recurrence cutoff, AUC-ROCvalues were, 0.74, 0.73, 0.71, 0.82, 0.71 and 0.79, respectively. Our algorithm was able to predict RFS with statistical significance at the 2, 4, 5, and 6-year time-to-recurrence cutoffs based on Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows that machine learning-based algorithms can predict tumor recurrence of early-stage HCC prior to therapy using baseline MRI. Future developments could improve model sensitivity using larger (and external) patient cohorts and including clinical variables. Figure: Kaplan-Meier analysis of Recurrence-free-survival (RFS) at each time-to-recurrence cutoff timepoints according to algorithm predictions. Each event on the green curve represents prediction inaccuracy (false-negative) and each event on the red curve represents an accurate prediction of recurrence (positive predictive value). 312.1


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We are launching a multi-center prospective registry for patients with metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), the second most common type of breast cancer, to better understand patterns of progression, imaging features of metastatic sites, and if serial cell free DNA measurements can serve as a surrogate marker of disease progression. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients with biopsy proven metastatic ILC of any receptor subtype will be included in the registry. We will exclude patients with ductal histology only or those with multiple primary malignancies. Patients will be enrolled at four large academic medical centers across the country. Cell free DNA measurements using a tumor informed assay will be obtained every 3 months concurrent with regular clinical imaging. Disease status will be determined by the patient's medical oncologist by taking into account imaging, tumor markers, symptoms, and cell free DNA measurement. At each time point, patients will be surveyed on their quality of life and their medical oncologists will be asked to rate the clinical utility of the cell free DNA value. Patients will be followed indefinitely. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We will explore whether the use of serial cell free DNA or a combination of blood-based biomarkers and clinical endpoints can reliably identify treatment response and disease progression in patients with metastatic ILC. Many patients with metastatic ILC have unmeasurable disease on imaging and are thereby excluded from clinical trials. The end goal of this registry is to determine if blood-based biomarkers can be used as a proxy for measurable disease in ILC patients and therefore increase clinical trial enrollment for this subgroup of patients. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The creation of this prospective registry will open the door for future studies of blood-based markers that reflect disease stability and progression, which is an unmet need specifically in ILC. Identification of such markers could lead to a novel treatment response endpoint, changing the way patients are enrolled in trials and managed clinically.


From the reaction of M{(C6H5)3P}4 (M=Pd or Pt) with CS2, M{(C6H5)3P}2(CS2) has been isolated. It has been found that M{(C6H5)3P}2 also reacts with sulfur dioxide to form a novel complex, [M{(C6H5)3P}4(SO2)n]. The structure of one of these compounds, Pd{(C6H5)3·P}2(CS2), was determined by means of X-rays. Pd{(C6H5)3P}2(CS2) crystallizes in the mono-clinic system, space group P21⁄c, with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions: a=11.55, b=19.52, c=18.38 A and β=128°53′. The most remarkable feature of the whole structure is the coordination of CS2 to the Pd: only one of the S atoms, S(2), coordinates to the Pd, while the CS2 ligand is bent at an angle of 140°. The Pd, two P's, S(2) and C(1) in CS2 lie approximately on the same plane. The Pd–C(1) distance of 2.00 A is slightly shorter than the sum of the covalent radii, 2.06 A. But the S(2)–Pd–C(1) angle of 44° is very small.


A method to change code in a Mobitex system during runtime is investigated and implemented. The method is referred to as Patching. This will save both time and money because the downtime of the sys ...


The key question of this study is an attempt to descry the causes of the birth and character of post-war anti-communist resistance in Slovakia. In contrast to the present historic production, it indicates the possibility to perceive the rise of the run of resistance groups not only as result of actuality but also as result of steadfast prepared schemes from the times of the first Republic of Slovakia already. It presents this idea on the rise and activities of two key anti-communist organizations Slovak Secret Security and Family.


Stillage from fermentation of grain sorghum and sweet potatoes was processed for dry matter and nutrient recovery by combinations of screw press, vibrating screen, centrifugation, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis, yielding up to 98% dry matter removal. For most processes, protein removal equaled or exceeded dry matter removal.


In order to determine the role of bovine meat in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis, 348 serum samples were collected from cattle and 64 serum samples from slaughterhouse workers at four plants in the region of Pato Branco, Parana state, southern Brazil. Cattle sera were examined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), showing an IgG-seropositivity of 41.4%. The most frequently titer found was 64 (92.4%). Maximum titer found was 1024. There was no significant difference concerning sex, age and origin of positive sera. Human sera were tested by the IFAT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), showing 67.2% and 84.4% of IgG-seropositivity, respectively. No significant difference was observed between prevalences and age, sex, duration of employment at slaughterhouse, contact with cats and eating raw or undercooked meat. Results suggest that bovine meat may be a possible source of toxoplasmosis in the region.


Video and co-design can be powerful tools to enrich problem-based learning experiences. We explore how a teacher and researcher engaged in co-design of a PBL experience focused on human-centered robotics as well as the resulting design. They explored the question "How can we design a robot that serves a need in our local community?" We highlight three aspects of the most recent iteration of our PBL curriculum that we have identified as central to its success. These three elements include: 1) co-design experiences that occurred before and during unit implementation, 2) the use of shared video viewing and analysis both in co-design and with student groups in the classroom, and 3) the bringing of local stakeholders into the classroom to work closely with students. These three aspects of our curriculum are positioned here as takeaways for researchers and educators working to design, implement, and study PBL. Acknowledgments: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation through ITEST grant #1433414. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this report are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the official views, opinions, or policy of the National Science Foundation. A special thanks to Dr. Selma Sabanovic, principal investigator, and Dr. Matt Francisco for their contributions to this work.


ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to delineate the co-creation of emotional value in a guided tour experience from a customer-dominant logic perspective by exploring the interactions among tour guides' emotional labour, tourists' emotional intelligence and emotional participation. Two theoretically plausible roles of tourists' emotional intelligence are examined: (1) antecedent of emotional participation and (2) moderator of the relationship between guide's emotional labour and tourists' emotional participation. The structural models were tested on a sample of 270 tourists participating in a guided tour in Valencia, a city on the eastern Mediterranean coast of Spain. The results confirmed the expected emotional contagion effect between tour guide's emotional labour and tour members' emotional participation. The research also provided empirical evidence of the direct impact of tourists' emotional intelligence on emotional participation, thus supporting the antecedent role of the construct and not its theorized moderating effect. The findings emphasize the dyadic nature of the emotional value creation in a guided tour experience and challenge the traditional view that its success is only dependent on the service provider's (i.e. tour guide) emotional skills.


Ni(cdt) reacts with tBu2Bu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2 in pentane at 20°C to yield brownish crystals of (tBu2Bu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2)Ni(η2-C12H18) (1). The molecular structure of 1, as established by X-ray crystallography, exhibits a trigonal-planar coordination geometry of the nickel center with a η2bonded cdt ligand. In the crystal 1 exists as two enantiomers, which are determined by the leftor right-handed screw axis of the cdt ligand. The cdt ligand in 1 resists most typical displacement reactions but 1 reacts with CO at – 78°C to afford the colorless 18e complex (tBu2Bu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2)Ni(CO)2 (2). From the reaction of Ni(cod)2 with tBu2Bu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2 yellow needles of (tBu2Bu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2)Ni(η2-cod) (3) are obtained. Low temperature NMR spectroscopy established that only one diene C=C bond is coordinated to nickel(0). At higher temperatures a rapid exchange of the coordinated and unbound C=C bonds is induced. When solutions of 3 are kept at 20°C for several days the dinuclear, almost insoluble yellow complex {(tBu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2)Ni}2(μ-η2,η2-cod) (4) precipitates. The reaction of Ni(C2H4)3 and tBu2Bu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2 affords orange (tBu2Bu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2)Ni(C2H4) (5). From Ni(1,5-hexadiene)2 and tBu2Bu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2 in 1,5-hexadiene the yellow-greenish complex (tBu2Bu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2)Ni(η2-C6H10) (6) is obtained. As for 3, only one diene C=C bond is coordinated to nickel(0), but the structure is fluxional with exchange of the coordinated and unbound C=C bonds (NMR at 20°C). From a solution of 6 in pentane the dinuclear, diastereomeric compounds rac/meso-{(tBu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2)Ni}2(μ-η2,η2-C6H10) (7a,b) separate in large yellow crystals. In similar reactions the 1,6-heptadiene complexes (tBu2Bu2PC2H4PtBu2)Ni(η2-C7H12) (8) and rac/meso-{(tBu2Bu2PC2H4PtBu2)Ni}2(µ-η2μ-η2,η2-C7H12) (9a,b) are also obtained. In 6, 7a,b, 8, and 9a,b the open-chain diene ligands can easily be displaced, e.g., by ethene to afford 5. Thus, complexes 6, 7a,b, 8, 9a, b are the most reactive. These complexes react readily (the ethene derivative 5 also reacts but very slowly) with butadiene to yield large yellow cubes of (tBu2Bu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2)Ni(η72-C4H6) (10), which is also fluxional. The alkene complexes 5, 6, 7a, b, 8, 9a,b, 10 react with ethyne to yield yellow-brownish crystalline (tBu2tBu2PC2H4P4P'Bu2)Ni(C2H2) (11).


In 1989, the Association for Education in journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC) passed a resolution pledging to increase representation by women and minorities on journalism and mass communication faculties and among administrators to 50 percent by the year 2000.(1) The organization itself reflected a gender disparity. A census of its membership in 1992 by Viswanath, Kosicki, and Creedon revealed that women accounted for just 28 percent of membership in 1992,(2) up from the 24 percent reported in Schamber's 1988 study of the organization.(3) Viswanath et al. also reported that a greater proportion of men hold the doctorate or its equivalent, and that male faculty are more likely to be supported by graduate assistants than are female faculty.(4) These findings would suggest that scholarship by women in AEJMC is probably at a percentage rate lower than their employment rate. However, Dupagne, Potter, and Cooper determined in their study of eight communication journals that scholarship by women (single-gender and in collaboration with men) in 1989 accounted for 39.5 percent of the published research(5) during a period when females accounted for about 20 percent of journalism and mass communication faculty.(6) They concluded that the perception that females account for fewer published articles than males is accurate, but that the amount of research productivity by women is "linked to their low numbers in the profession, not to a condition of underachievement." While offering some evidence to reconcile the research "tools" deficit suggested by Viswanath et al.,(7) Dupagne and his coauthors also expressed concern that it was "possible, and even likely" that the results of their gender productivity study would be different if other segments of literature were considered. They suggested future research should consider regional journals, non-refereed journals, monographs, books, and convention papers. Additionally, the authors said that by limiting their study to published articles they were unable to determine whether research preferences existed between genders. They suggested that women may not pursue certain research topics because they believed them to be unpopular with journal reviewers.(8) Hesitation by the authors to apply their findings beyond refereed journals calls for further testing of their conclusion that women are producing research at a per capita rate much higher than men. The authors of this article consider gender productivity issues left unresolved by the Dupagne et al. study through an analysis of refereed convention papers, as suggested by the authors of the earlier work. The population of refereed papers accepted to the conventions of AEJMC over a seven-year period are considered here. Also, by using divisions as categories of research interest, this study is able to go beyond the findings of Dupagne et al. by identifying research preferences by gender. While an extension of the Dupagne et al. work is central to this study, these findings also will provide members with a viewing of gender rates and preferences within their organization. This knowledge will supply a measure of evidence as to whether progress has been made toward meeting the spirit of the 1989 convention resolution, which seeks equal representation by women. Additionally, since many journal articles are first submitted to conventions, an increase or decrease in scholarship by women presenting to the conventions of AEJMC is one indicator as to whether journals should expect an increase or decrease in publishing by women. The Dupagne et al. study considered journal publishing from 1965 to 1989; this study could assist journal editors and readers in predicting the gender mix of the future since it considers convention papers from 1987 to 1993. Editors of three primary AEJMC mass communication journals--Journalism Educator, Journalism Quarterly and Newspaper Research Journal --all expressed the belief that the acceptance of a research paper to the annual convention is an indicator of the ability to eventually produce journal articles. …


The paper mainly studies globally pth moment exponentially ultimate boundedness and pth moment exponential stability of impulsive stochastic functional differential equations. By using the Lyapunov direct method of Razumikhin‐type condition and the principle of comparison, some sufficient conditions for globally pth moment exponentially ultimate boundedness and globally pth moment exponential stability are presented. Theorems require the linear coefficients of the upper bound of Lyapunov differential operators are time‐varying functions; this generalizes the previous results. When the time delay is not considered in the system, a unified criterion is given to achieve boundedness and stability when the system is disturbed by stabilizing impulse and destabilizing impulse. It shows that the stochastic differential equation may be unbounded or unstable, and it can be bounded or stable by adding appropriate impulsive perturbation. Finally, we use two examples to illustrate the validity of our results.