: The River Raba supplies drinking water for more than half the population of Krakow and for numerous towns and villages in its vicinity. Existing documentation indicates the possibility of contamination of water from the mains with heavy metals. Each subsequent analysis of the water quality drawn from the mains provides new data and may contribute to the overall picture of the issue. The aim of the research and analysis in the present work is the quality of water drawn from the River Raba after it goes through the mains. Samples were collected at two water intake sites which are located in two separate buildings on the southern outskirts of the city of Krakow. Water was collected directly from the intake valve used by residents of a particular housing facility. In both cases, the installation inside the building was made of steel and the intake tap where the water was collected was made of brass. Samples of water for analysis were collected twice. Water samples were collected over a period of one day at different time intervals. The conducted study of the physicochemical composition of water collected in a diurnal cycle indicated variability in the content of individual metals. Generally, the quality of water collected at these specific water intake sites meets the acceptable limits for potable water according to a decree by the Minister of Health. However, following stagnation of a few days or even a few hours, a temporary increase exceeding the standard in the concentration of iron, lead, and aluminium is observed which decreases after water is drawn. The studies confirm, therefore, the possibility of contamination of water from an intake valve (after it goes through the water mains) with iron and lead, and additionally with aluminium and zinc. In the case of the remaining assayed components, no increase in their concentration in the water after a period of stagnation has been observed. The studies allow for the formulation of a supposition that the change in the composition of water supplied to consumers maybe the result of tainting byindividual elements due to their presence in the water supplysystem. Therefore, the stagnancy time of water in the mains and the material from which individual installations are constructed may be an important factor affecting the physicochemical composition of the water supplied to consumers.


A nanoscale molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film functions both as an effective protection layer and excellent hydrogen evolution catalyst for GaInP2 photocathodes.


Kampung Adat Takpala is one of the traditional villages that offers culture as a tourism potential. The tourism potential has not been well utilized by the Takpala community in increasing their growth. This is caused by weakness. For this reason, a community-based development strategy is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the tourism potentials of the Takpala Traditional Village and also to find the development strategies that can be used in the Traditional Village of Takpala. In this study the method used is a descriptive qualitative method with direct observation and interviews of approved informants such as the Chief of the Takpala Customs, Village Heads, Community Leaders and the District Tourism Office Alor. Based on the results of the analysis using SWOT analysis techniques, it shows the existence of a new development strategy that can be used to build the Takpala Customary Village and to improve the quality of community human resources by using the principles of Community Based Tourism.


Naturalistic paradigms using movies or audiobooks have become increasingly popular in cognitive neuroscience, but connecting them to findings from controlled experiments remains rare. Here, we aim to bridge this gap in the context of semantic composition in language processing, which is typically examined using a "minimal" two-word paradigm. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated whether the neural signatures of semantic composition observed in an auditory two-word paradigm can extend to naturalistic story listening, and vice versa. Our results demonstrate consistent differentiation between phrases and single nouns in the left anterior and middle temporal lobe, regardless of the context. Notably, this distinction emerged later during naturalistic listening. Yet this latency difference disappeared when accounting for various factors in the naturalistic data, such as prosody, word rate, word frequency, surprisal, and emotional content. These findings suggest the presence of a unified compositional process underlying both isolated and connected speech comprehension.


This paper present the proper direction for the physical strength test in examination to select new appointment police. Employment as the police officer is to place to proper positions and to provide equal opportunities to people who get the qualification and capability that could be employed as police of the Republic of Korea and officials of the police officers through a fair selection process and conditions. Up to date, In Republic of Korea, it has changed the police recruitment test in order to recruit superior officers and exclude a person disqualified for a police. In 2011, According to the Plan of Advanced Examination System for employment police, the adoption of the written examination system which has continued for 40 years has begun to improve in following diagnosis that the current written tests oriented program is difficult to satisfy the needs of the Korean nation for excellent security personnel selection. Especially for improving the point at issue that a Written-Employment-Examination holds high specific gravity, it has done to reduce the proportion of written examination and increased the portion and the subjects of the physical examination. However, an opinion that there is the particularly insufficient part which measures necessary physical strength precisely to conduct the police operation that examination for revised new appointment police physical strength items is becoming a major issue. It should expand a physical strength test item more and should select supporters with the physical strength for police operation performance.


The present paper is the second of a series of revisions of the more important genera of fossil plants from the Potomac group in Maryland and Virginia. The first dealt with the genus Nageiopsis and formed No. 1.738 of the present volume of the Proceedings. The material upon which these studies are based is nearly all contained in the U. S. National Museumcollections, but the collections of the Johns Hopkins University and the Maryland Geological Survey have also been


It is known that in the case of a sufficiently strong polarization of cell membranes by an external electric field, processes develop in a membrane which lead to a very significant increase in conductance and permeability. When the field is switched off, the membrane can return from such a highconducting state to the initial one. This phenomenon is called reversible electrical breakdown (Stampfli, 1958; Zimmermann, 1982). If the amplitude or duration of a pulse is sufficiently large, irreversible damage of the cell membranes occurs. Interest in the study of this phenomenon is based on the existence of important biotechnological applications, many of which have been reflected in this collective book. The transient or irreversible loss of one of the most important functions of cell membranesthe barrier function-which occurs in the course of electrical breakdown, has been investigated by different methods and for different objects. It is established that the phenomenon is universal in character. Electrical breakdown of membranes of microorganisms, algae, plant protoplasts, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, nerve cells, and myoblasts, as well as of membrane organelles is characterized by a variety of general regularities (Zimmermann, 1982; Benz and Conti, 1981; Tsong, 1983). Therefore, it is natural to assume that electrical breakdown is associated with processes developing in the lipid matrix of cell membranes. The lipid matrix is the universal basis of all membrane structures. The lipid phase determines the isolating "barrier" properties of biomembranes. Planar lipid membranes, which are formed on the opening in the Teflon septum of the experimental chamber when a drop of lipid solution in liquid hydrocarbon (e.g., decane) is deposited on it, turned out to be a convenient experimental model for studying the effect of a high electric field on the properties of the bimolecular layer of lipid molecules (Mueller et al., 1962). In this system, both irreversible and reversible electrical breakdown of bilayers were discovered and investigated. It may be considered to be established that the appearance and development of pores underlie these


Optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has been used to estimate soil physical and chemical properties, but much of the previous work has been limited to surface soils or to samples obtained from a restricted geographic area. Our objectives in this research were: (1) to assess the accuracy of DRS for estimating variation in several important surface and profile soil properties across a wide range of soils from the U.S. Corn Belt, and (2) to determine the wavelength ranges and/or specific wavelengths that should be included in a DRS soil property sensor. Soil cores were obtained to a 120 cm depth from ten fields, two each in Missouri, Illinois, Michigan, South Dakota, and Iowa. Cores were segmented by pedogenic horizon and samples (n = 165 for the surface soil horizon, n = 697 for all soil horizons in the profile) were analyzed for texture fractions, cations (calcium, magnesium, and potassium) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, total and organic carbon, and total nitrogen using standard laboratory procedures. Spectra were obtained on sieved, air-dried soils from 350 to 2500 nm using a commercial three-detector spectrometer. Reflectance data were related to soil properties using partial least squares (PLS) regression and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR). Calibration accuracies varied among the different soil properties, but for a given soil property, similar accuracies were generally obtained with PLS and SMLR. The most accurate estimates, with R2 values above 0.8, were obtained for organic carbon, clay, CEC, and calcium. When data from each of the three spectrometer detector ranges were analyzed separately with PLS, the third detector range (1770 to 2500 nm) provided results similar to those obtained using the complete spectral range. Discrete wavelength models that described 90% or more of the variance described by a full model were obtained using eight or fewer wavelengths for the profile dataset and six or fewer wavelengths for the surface dataset. Several wavelengths and wavelength ranges common to models for multiple soil properties were identified: 2070 nm, 1870 to 1915 nm, and 2220 to 2410 nm. Because additional wavelengths important for individual soil properties were dispersed across the 1770 to 2500 nm spectral range, a full-spectrum sensing approach is recommended for simultaneous estimation of multiple soil properties. A discrete-waveband sensor could be practical for estimating one or two individual soil properties.


Objective To explore the diagnostic value of three-dimensional ultrasonography on gastric emptying function in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia(NUD).Methods Sixty patients with NUD were divided randomly into chinese medicine group(n=30) and western medicine group(n=30).Gastric emptying time and antral volume were measured using three-dimensional ultrasonography.Gastric emptying function was reviewed 4 weeks after treatment.The efficacies of both drugs were assessed.Results After treatment,gastric emptying time and antral volume were lower than before treatment in the two groups.In chinese medicine group,half-time gastric emptying and all-time gastric emptying were(37.6±11.4)min and(78.9±14.6)min,respectively.In western medicine group,half-time gastric emptying and all-time gastric emptying were(39.2±14.0)min and(82.1±13.7)min,respectively.In chinese medicine group,gastric antral volume 15 min before treatment was(44.5±5.7)ml,15 min after treatment was(41.5±4.8)ml,105 min before treatment was(17.2±2.2)ml and 105 min after treatment was(10.2±1.3)ml.In western medicine group,gastric antral volume 15 min before treatment was(45.1±5.8)ml,15 min after treatment was(39.4±4.5)ml,105 min before treatment was(15.3±2.3)ml and 105 min after treatment was(9.3±1.0)ml.Gastric antral volume of the two groups showed a decreasing tendency.Conclusion Gastric emptying function in patients with NUD has a certain improvement through taking shuganhewei granule.It provides a new drug with curative effect and no side effects for treating NUD.Three-dimensional ultrasonography can be effectively detected gastric emptying function in patients with NUD,which may be of clinical application.


"As much as racial and ethnic disparities exist broadly across health care in the United States, it is not surprising to observe this phenomenon in the urologic arena," writes Arthur L. Burnett, II, MD, MBA.


In this article we study the asymptotic behaviour of the correlation functions over polynomial ring $\mathbb{F}_q[x]$. Let $\mathcal{M}_{n, q}$ and $\mathcal{P}_{n, q}$ be the set of all monic polynomials and monic irreducible polynomials of degree $n$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$ respectively. For multiplicative functions $\psi_1$ and $\psi_2$ on $\mathbb{F}_q[x]$, we obtain asymptotic formula for the following correlation functions for a fixed $q$ and $n\to \infty$ \begin{align*} &S_{2}(n, q):=\displaystyle\sum_{f\in \mathcal{M}_{n, q}}\psi_1(f+h_1) \psi_2(f+h_2), \\ &R_2(n, q):=\displaystyle\sum_{P\in \mathcal{P}_{n, q}}\psi_1(P+h_1)\psi_2(P+h_2), \end{align*} where $h_1, h_2$ are fixed polynomials of degree $<n$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$. As a consequence, for real valued additive functions $\tilde{\psi_1}$ and $\tilde{\psi_2}$ on $\mathbb{F}_q[x]$ we show that for a fixed $q$ and $n\to \infty$, the following distribution functions \begin{align*} &\frac{1}{|\mathcal{M}_{n, q}|}\Big|\{f\in \mathcal{M}_{n, q} : \tilde{\psi_1}(f+h_1)+\tilde{\psi_2}(f+h_2)\leq x\}\Big|,\\ & \frac{1}{|\mathcal{P}_{n, q}|}\Big|\{P\in \mathcal{P}_{n, q} : \tilde{\psi_1}(P+h_1)+\tilde{\psi_2}(P+h_2)\leq x\}\Big| \end{align*} converges weakly towards a limit distribution.


Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes were determined at different time intervals in sera from racehorses with skeletal and cardiac muscle damage. In the case of the tying-up syndrome, the elevated activities of CK-MME1 and LDH5 bands were found according to the degree of clinical conditions. Two types of serum isoenzyme profile were seen in 26 cases of the serious group. In one type, the activities of MM1 and LDH5 bands increased considerably, and returned to the normal value within 7 days. Of the 26 cases, 21 (80%) were classified into this type and prognosis was favorable in them. In the other type, the activities of LDH1 and CK-MB bands were elevated in addition to the profiles mentioned above. In this type, the complication of cardiac muscle damage was considered. The recovery of these elevated profiles was slow, requiring a few weeks to take place, with relapse or muscle pain. Prognosis was generally adverse in this type. The degree of damage in skeletal and cardiac muscles was clarified precisely by the analysis of CK and LDH isoenzymes. These analyses at different time intervals were very useful for clinical application to grasp variation in clinical conditions, make prognosis roughly, establish a proper therapy, determine the efficiency of therapy, and fix the time of resumption of training. Also, the attack of relapse or chronic muscle pain in the case of the tying-up syndrome with cardiac muscle damage would be preventable by the application of CK and LDH isoenzyme profiles.


In this paper we describe the synthesis and the optical properties of new push–pull systems with a 1,3-dithiole moiety as a donor, a thiophene ring in the spacer group and two strong acceptors. The role of the thiophene ring as an auxiliary donor was also investigated. All chromophores in this study exhibit high decomposition temperatures, above 230 °C. The macroscopic nonlinear response has been evaluated by incorporating some of the chromophores as a guest in a polycarbonate (PC) host matrix.


1. What impact did the PD program provided in this study have on teacher knowledge of rational number topics? Teacher knowledge was measured in the fall and in the spring using a specially constructed teacher knowledge test. The test was designed to measure two constructs aligned with the purpose of the PD program: knowledge of rational numbers content typically taught in seventh grade (common knowledge of mathematics, or CK) and additional knowledge that may be useful for teaching rational number topics (specialized knowledge of mathematics for teaching, or SK). Each form was equally


Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are an important class of signaling molecules that play a critical role in regulating physiological processes in the human body. Mitochondria are the primary site of ROSs production, and abnormal concentrations of ROSs can lead to the malignant proliferation of cells, resulting in diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to detect ROSs in mitochondria. Fluorometric methods have gained significant attention from scientists because of their ease of observation, simplicity of operation, and noninvasiveness. Among the fluorescent dyes, boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) stands out for its high quantum yield, large molar extinction coefficient, and excellent chemical stability, making it widely used in fluorescent imaging. The common design principle of fluorescent probe for the detection of ROSs includes photo‐induced electron transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. This paper provides an overview of BODIPY‐based fluorescent probes designed for imaging ROSs in mitochondria, covering the sensing mechanisms, molecular engineering strategies, and recent advancements. Additionally, the review provides insight into the potential clinical applications of mitochondria‐targeting BODIPY probes in disease diagnosis.


An apparatus for the hydroautomatic sprinkling of land areas with hydrants which rise and lower which comprises a cylinder whose piston is displaceable by the water from one pipeline through either a long stroke or a short stroke depending upon the engagement of a guide with a selected groove in the piston to open a gate permitting water from this line to pass into a selected one of a group of hydrants, to drive the sprinkler upwardly and permit sprinkling. When pressure from another line is admitted to the opposite side of the cylinder the gate is closed.


A line of sight toward the Galactic Center (GC) offers the largest number of potentially habitable systems of any direction in the sky. The Breakthrough Listen program is undertaking the most sensitive and deepest targeted SETI surveys toward the GC. Here, we outline our observing strategies with Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and Parkes telescope to conduct 600 hr of deep observations across 0.7–93 GHz. We report preliminary results from our survey for extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) beacons across 1–8 GHz with 7.0 and 11.2 hr of observations with Parkes and GBT, respectively. With our narrowband drifting signal search, we were able to place meaningful constraints on ETI transmitters across 1–4 GHz and 3.9–8 GHz with EIRP limits of ≥4 × 1018 W among 60 million stars and ≥5 × 1017 W among half a million stars, respectively. For the first time, we were able to constrain the existence of artificially dispersed transient signals across 3.9–8 GHz with EIRP ≥1 × 1014 W/Hz with a repetition period ≤4.3 hr. We also searched our 11.2 hr of deep observations of the GC and its surrounding region for Fast Radio Burst–like magnetars with the DM up to 5000 pc cm−3 with maximum pulse widths up to 90 ms at 6 GHz. We detected several hundred transient bursts from SGR J1745−2900, but did not detect any new transient bursts with the peak luminosity limit across our observed band of ≥1031 erg s−1 and burst rate of ≥0.23 burst hr−1. These limits are comparable to bright transient emission seen from other Galactic radio-loud magnetars, constraining their presence at the GC.


Based on the integrated design requirement of ground test launch and control system for new generation launch vehicle,distributed fault diagnosis expert system is constructed.The diagnostic process is divided into three levels,i.e,symptom acquisition level,subsystem diagnosis level,global diagnosis and decision-making level.The symptom acquisition level is designed by character extraction and neural networks.At the other two levels,reverse inference and deep inference facing the fault models are used to accomplished the diagnostic tasks.This research offers the key technique to launching decision-making of launch vehicle.


Mass-transfer coefficients for natural convection from vertical surfaces embedded in saturated porous media have been experimentally obtained by utilizing a limiting diffusion current technique based on cathodic reduction of cupric ions in an acidic solution. The data correspond to a high Rayleigh number and exhibit non-Darcian effects. Final results, when compared with available mathematical models, revealed that a model based on Brinkman-extended Darcy's flow model with a corrected constant predicted mass-transfer coefficients closely. For the spherical packing materials the data fit well in, S = 3.32(R /DaL)0.26, where R and DaL are a modified Rayleigh number and Darcy's number, respectively.


The industrial robot has taken on an important role in the field of manufacturing engineering. Whilst this role has been substantial, there are applications where this technology has significant shortcomings. Such applications include inspection sorting and arraying operations which require essentially two dimensional simultaneous manipulations of multiple objects. The Programmable Array Manipulator (PAM) concept was conceived as a new technology, complementary to the industrial robot, to fill this void.


In this paper we summarize recent results from NA61/SHINE relevant for heavy ion physics, neutrino oscillations and the interpretation of air showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays.


Although McIlraith and Reiter characterized the test for model based diagnosis, the limiting conditions of their researches are too strict. In this paper, the limiting conditions of relevant test theorem are relaxed and the revised releva nt test theorem and its proof are presented. As the extension of McIlraith's theories, the initial test condition of the Differential Diagnosis Principles is generalized, which improves the adaptability of differential diagnosis test.


Disclosed herein are systems and methods for creating multimedia presentations from presentation templates and / or multimedia object models. The disclosure includes acquiring a multimedia object (2401), receiving a presentation template selection (2402), receiving instructions for creating a presentation (2403), building or rendering a multimedia production (2404), and a multimedia system for executing the step (2405) of fixing the multimedia production to the media. Detailed information about various embodiments of the invention is provided in the best mode for carrying out the invention, which is limited by the appended claims. [Selection] Figure 24


Measurements were performed to determine the pressure drops for gaseous flow through porous materials of different microstructures, porosities, and thickness under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions at various temperature levels. Results were satisfactorily correlated by a simple equation relating the friction factor to the Reynolds number and porosities.


The invention discloses a pressure-bearing dual-cycle solar balcony bathroom, comprising a passive solar house, a pressure-bearing dual-cycle solar water heater and connecting pipes thereof. Walls, windows, a door, a roof and the bottom surface of a balcony are enclosed into the passive solar house; and a water tank as well as holes, end covers and annular holes on the water tank walls jointly constitute the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger in the invention is in an all-plastic structure and is kept from scaling forever, thus higher transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger can be maintained. In the invention, the pressure-bearing double-cycle solar water heater and the passive solar house are integrally designed, thus being capable of providing a great amount of domestic hot water as well as a bathing space with the room temperature of 25-45 DEG C, therefore, a bathroom can be rapidly heated and is maintained at a constant temperature by adopting hot water in the water tank even in a cold winter night. The balcony of the bathroom not only serves as a balcony with all intrinsic functions, but also can be used as a bathroom or a toilet as well as a ventilation channel between adjacent rooms.


The peripheral nerve blocks can be used to interrupt the nerve pathways at multiple locations without undue sedation or loss of consciousness. Low incidence of pre and postoperative complications, good postoperative analgesia and increased operating room efficiency, all have accounted for the resurgence of interest in these techniques. The main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of this simple and safe technique for various unilateral lower limb surgeries and to assess the hemodynamic stability of the patients after this procedure.This prospective randomized study involved 50 patients, in the age group of 20-80 years, scheduled to undergo elective and emergency lower limb surgeries under combined femoral and sciatic nerve blocks. A sciatic nerve block was given by the posterior approach of Labat, and a femoral (3 in 1) block was given by Winnie's inguinal perivascular approach using a mixture of lidocaine, ropivicaine, and saline. Complete block was achieved in 92% of the patients. None of the patients had any complications and there was no significant difference between the pre-operative and post- operative vitals (pulse and blood pressure). 84% of the patients preferred to undergo the same anesthetic technique, if required in the future. Combined femoral(3-in-1) and sciatic nerve block is a simple, safe, and efficient technique with very low incidence of sideeffects and a negligible failure rate.


Network-centric military operations are redefining information overload as military commanders and staffs are inundated with vast amounts of information. Recent research has developed a fuzzy-based system to assign a Value of Information (VoI) determination for individual pieces of information. This paper presents an investigation on the effect of using triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy membership functions within the system.


A 43-year-old Japanese woman who had worked in Kenya, presented with fever, drowsiness and right hemiplegia. Her blood pressure was 100/64 mmHg. Her CD4 count was 12 cells/μL and her HIV viral load was 1,107,818 copies/mL. She was diagnosed as having AIDS. Threedimensional CT angiography revealed multiple fusiform aneurysms of the first and second branches of the middle cerebral arteries (arrows in Picture 1A) and left vertebral artery (arrowhead in Picture 1A). Blood cultures were repeatedly negative and no infective endocarditis was found on echocardiography. Introduction of HAART was reported to improve the prognosis of a patient with aneurysmal HIVassociated vasculopathy (1). Unfortunately, the present patient had multiple intracranial hemorrhages during her course (Picture 1B and Picture 1C) despite HAART. Previously, 12 adult cases with HIV vasculopathy were reported, including 5 patients with ischemic infarctions, 3 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages and only 1 patient with intracranial hemorrhages (2). Patients with aneurysmal HIV vasculopathy can develop not only subarachnoid hemorrhages but also multiple hemorrhages in the brain paren-


INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with immune responses with oxidative stress wherein high levels of malondialdehyde result in the formation of a highly stable and immunogenic malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adduct (MAA). Thus, this study evaluated the status of MAA and anti-MAA antibody isotypes in IBD and their potential as novel serological biomarkers for differentiating ulcerative colitis (UC) from Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Levels of MAA and anti-MAA antibodies were examined in patients with IBD (171), non-IBD gastrointestinal diseases (77), and controls (83) from 2 independent cohorts using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves and Youden cutoff index from logistic regression were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: The MAA and blood immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-MAA antibody levels were significantly elevated in IBD compared with non-IBD patients (P = 0.0008) or controls (P = 0.02). Interestingly, patients with UC showed higher levels of IgG anti-MAA (P < 0.0001) than patients with CD including those with colonic CD (P = 0.0067). The odds ratio by logistic regression analysis predicted stronger association of IgG anti-MAA antibody with UC than CD. Subsequent analysis showed that IgG anti-MAA antibody levels could accurately identify (P = 0.0004) UC in the adult cohort with a sensitivity of 75.3% and a specificity of 71.4% and an area under the curve of 0.8072 (0.7121–0.9024). The pediatric cohort also showed an area under the curve of 0.8801 (0.7988–0.9614) and precisely distinguished (P < 0.0001) UC with sensitivity (95.8%) and specificity (72.3%). DISCUSSION: Circulating IgG anti-MAA antibody levels can serve as a novel, noninvasive, and highly sensitive test to identify patients with UC and possibly differentiate them from patients with CD.


Experiments of gate leakage current in a double-channel n-AlGaAs/GaAs FET with SiN/sub x/ film passivation indicated that the gate leakage current and its stability depend critically on the stoichiometry of the surface. The content of NH/sub 4/ OH in the etching solution prior to the SiN/sub x/ film deposition and the NH/sub 3//SiH/sub 4/ gas content ratio, particularly at the initial stage of plasma-CVD SiN, deposition, should be selected to minimize the surface state density of possible antisite defects. Extremely low gate leakage currents of 50 nA/mm have been obtained with an improved process, which is useful to realize low-distortion FETs.


Vecotred meshes generating is one of the basic tasks that completes 2D/3D translation of garment panel images and virtual clothing designs.Based on the classical methods of generating meshes,an algorithm for generating vectored meshes which is suitable for garment panel images was presented.The meshes generating,the particles generating and triangles joint ageratum were discussed.The experiment result indicates that this algorithm is characterized with well-defined boundary,excellent fidelity,controllable mesh size and satisfied adaptation.It is suitable for garment panels of different shapes.


Abstract : We are very grateful to Dr. Pasquier and colleagues for their thought provoking letter, discussing the role of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on the battlefield. First, it is important to differentiate between cardiac arrest and circulatory arrest as a cause for the loss of a palpable central pulse. Primary cardiac arrest generally relates to nontraumatic causes such as arrhythmias, electrocutions and so on and reflects a primary problem with cardiac contractility. CPR is appropriate because there is a circulating volume present with which to perfuse the systemic circulation. Circulatory arrest, as in exsanguination from hemorrhagic shock, does not initially relate to a failure of cardiac contraction but reduced cardiac preload. Untreated circulatory arrest will eventually progress to cardiac arrest owing to a failure of systemic oxygenation. Circulatory arrest from hemorrhage is the leading cause of potentially preventable death among battlefield casualties and served as the main indication for resuscitative thoracotomy in our recent study. We are of the opinion that the management priorities in circulatory arrest are hemorrhage control and restoration of circulating volume. We do not believe that CPR is of benefit in such cases because there is no circulating volume with which to perfuse the systemic circulation. We reported 10 cases of arrest in the field; however, this does not mean that these patients received CPR. Indeed, as all the authors have deployed to Afghanistan, serving at all medical echelons, patients do not always receive CPR in the field, as per UK prehospital care guidelines. This largely relates to adverse tactical circumstances and other triage priorities. Furthermore, we are also unaware of any injuries sustained by a first-line care giver sustained during the performance of field CPR.


Data centers (DC) host a large number of servers, computing devices and computing infrastructure, which incur significant electricity / energy. This also results in huge amount of heat produced, which if not addressed can lead to overheating of computing devices in the DC. In addition, temperature mismanagement can lead to thermal imbalance within the DC environment, which may result in the creation of hotspots. The energy consumed during the life of a hotspot is greater than the energy saved during computation. Hence, the thermal imbalance impacts on the efficiency of the cooling mechanism installed inside the DC, which can result in high energy consumption. One popular strategy to minimize energy consumption is to optimize resource allocation within the DC. However, existing scheduling strategies do not consider the ambient effect of the surrounding nodes at the time of job allocation. Moreover, thermal-aware resource scheduling as an optimization problem is a topic that is relatively understudied in the literature. Therefore, in this research, we propose a novel Game-based Thermal-Aware Resource Allocation (GTARA) strategy to reduce the thermal imbalances within the DC. Specifically, we use cooperative game theory with a Nash-bargaining solution concept to model the resource allocation as an optimization problem, where the user jobs are assigned to the computing nodes based on their thermal profiles and their potential effect on the surrounding nodes. This allows us to improve the thermal balance and avoid the hotspots. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of GTARA, TACS, TASA, and FCFS, in terms of minimizing thermal imbalance and the hotspots.


At present, the popularity of WeChat social software in the domestic public is very high, and it has a huge user base. With the help of WeChat for marketing, information dissemination, education, etc., the efficiency is high. WeChat has become the application of current education professional teaching development. One of the main models, its own application has certain advantages. This article introduces the positive role of the WeChat public platform application in the professional development of teachers, studies the construction and application status of the WeChat public platform in the professional development of teachers, and analyzes the public WeChat public in the professional development of teachers the effective application strategy of the platform provides some ideas and references for promoting the application of the WeChat public platform in the professional development of teachers.


This article further confirms commonalities and uniqueness of a color-describing word "red" in both English and Chinese from the angle of conceptual metaphors.The specific mapping of conceptual metaphor in English includes three cases like liability and being caught on spot;the specific mapping in Chinese involves five cases,such as dividend,marriage and women beauty.


Cell polarity creates unique functional domains within cells, exemplifi ed by axons and dendrites of neurons and the apical and basolateral surfaces of epithelial cells (Drubin and Nelson, 1996; Caplan, 1997; Horton and Ehlers, 2003). Cells generate polarity, in part, through directed transport of secretory vesicles and mRNAs by cytoskeleton-based motor proteins (St Johnston, 1995; Caplan, 1997; Pruyne and Bretscher, 2000; Lopez de Heredia and Jansen, 2004; Czaplinski and Singer, 2006). Motor proteins involved in the transport of vesicles and mRNAs have been identifi ed, and much is known about how these motor proteins move along actin fi laments and microtubules in vitro (Vale and Milligan, 2000). Less clear is how in vitro motility translates into long distance transport of cargo in vivo. In particular, the obvious physical differences between cargo, such as membranebound vesicles and RNAs, would seem to necessitate different mechanisms to generate sustained transport in vivo. To address this question, we analyzed two class V myosins in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Myo2p and Myo4p. Together, the two myosins transport most of the cellular material into the bud (Bretscher, 2003). Myo2p is required for cell viability and is essential for the transport of secretory vesicles into the bud to facilitate growth (Johnston et al., 1991). Myo2p also transports other membrane-bound cargo, including vacuoles, late Golgi, peroxisomes, and mitochondria (Beach et al., 2000; Catlett et al., 2000; Hoepfner et al., 2001; Rossanese et al., 2001; Itoh et al., 2002). In contrast, Myo4p is nonessential, but its primary biological function is to transport ASH1 mRNA to the bud tip, generating cell fate differences between mother and daughter cells (Haarer et al., 1994; Long et al., 1997; Takizawa et al., 1997). Myo4p has also been implicated in the movement of cortical ER into the bud (Estrada et al., 2003). Myo2p and Myo4p are closely related and are descended from a common ancestral gene, but they cannot functionally substitute for each other, indicating that they have evolved to transport different types of cargo. To move cargo over appreciable distances, motors must bind tightly to membranes and nucleic acids. Myo2p binds membrane-bound vesicles and organelles through separate domains in its globular C-tail. For example, amino acids 1389– 1491 facilitate association with secretory vesicles, whereas amino acids 1131–1345 mediate association with vacuoles (Catlett et al., 2000; Pashkova et al., 2005). These sequences do not appear to bind directly to membranes; rather, protein intermediaries transiently link Myo2p to different membrane-bound cargo. For example, Vac8p and Vac17p mediate the binding of Myo2p to vacuoles, whereas Sec4p likely facilitates the binding of Myo2p to vesicles (Wagner et al., 2002; Tang et al., 2003). The interaction Myo4p is a monomeric myosin with motility uniquely adapted to transport mRNA


A technique is reported which allows simultaneous two‐wavelength selection in the N2 laser‐pumped dye laser. The two wavelengths are continuously tunable anywhere within the optical gain region of the particular dye solution used, and the two output beams are collinear and collimated, have mutually orthogonal polarizations, and in general can be temporally synchronized. Following the description of this device, the extension of this technique to other lasers and a few potential applications will be briefly discussed.


A highly efficient catalyst-free1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of methyleneindolinones and C,N-cyclic azomethine imines was realized. The reactions afforded a large variety of spirooxindoles in high yields (up to 99%) and excellent diastereoselectivities (dr > 20:1). Furthermore, the configuration of one of the products was determined on the basis of X-ray structural analysis. Accordingly, a possible transition-state model was proposed.


AbstractThe present work discusses the influence of carbon content on the transformation behaviour of austenite in 9Cr-1Mo steels, employing conventional microscopic techniques. The two main themes of the present work were the role of carbon in altering the choice of decomposition mode of austenite during various rates of cooling and the influence of carbon on the variation of a number of microstructural parameters with solution treatment temperature. Based on these studies, microstructural maps have been proposed depicting the influence of carbon on the decomposition modes of austenite during cooling. The second section, namely, the variation in microstructural parameters with solutionising temperature, highlights the role of carbon in shifting the Tγ → Tδ temperature and the time-temperature-transformation diagram of γ → α + carbides.


Purpose – In this brief paper, the aim is to highlight three important pricing areas: the business strategies and pricing models that have evolved over the past 20 years of research, the customers that have been targeted, and the role of the internet on pricing. The advent of social media, mobile marketing and display technologies are likely to encourage researchers to pursue additional research on these topics.Design/methodology/approach – The current paper is an essay aimed at stimulating pricing research in three major domains.Findings – The authors review illustrative current practices and research findings pertaining to emerging pricing business models, customer target marketing and price dispersion on the web.Research limitations/implications – The paper highlights areas that need empirical investigation.Practical implications – Managers need to explicitly understand the role of these emerging technologies (e.g. social media, mobile media, and web‐application) and appropriately incorporate them into...


Emily Dickinson created a blended natural world with complex images in her poems, in which the sun and related images representing male power kill the flowers representing female, and deprive their vitality and the right of language.The blended world, reflecting the male centered society in which Dickinson lived, represents Dickinson's understand of male centered culture and the suppressed female vitality and language.This essay interprets the poetic images in Dickinson's poems through blending theory and metaphor theory, and the interpretation of Dickinson's feministic conscience enriches the feministic review on Dickinson's poems..


A fiber optic sensor for liquid refractive index measurement based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer is described. The interferometer is achieved between the reflection of a short fiber Bragg grating and the Fresnel reflection from the cleaved fiber end. This fiber end is then in contact with the liquid sample to provide refractive index measurements. The sensor is characterized by immersing the fiber tip in distilled water with different concentrations of ethylene glycol. A linear relation of the interferometer fringe visibility with refractive index variation is observed, and a resolution of ~10−3 is obtained. It is also shown that the sensor operation is independent of temperature effects, other than the one related to temperature-induced change of the liquid refractive index.


On-chip integrated optical phase shifters are an important part of optical phase modulators. The performance of such modulators relies heavily on the phase shifter performance, which in turn depends on multiple process parameters. This paper reports the study of the effect of different process parameters on the performance of a silicon PN optical phase shifter obtained by process simulation using Silvaco® TCAD. The effect of dopant implantation dose, implantation energy, annealing temperature and time, wafer temperature, wafer tilt and rotation, and pre-amorphization on the phase and absorption of light is discussed. The 3-dB modulation bandwidth of a lumped phase shifter and the dependency of the performance metrics on different process parameters are presented. Monte Carlo numerical simulation shows that the free-carrier absorption has a much greater dependency on the process parameters than the phase shift. The study shows that ion channeling poses a limiting factor on the phase shifter performance, which can be improved by tilting the wafer or using a pre-amorphized substrate for implantation. The study shows that the 3-dB modulation bandwidth is highly dependent on the wafer tilt angle, rotation angle, and the lattice structure of the solid substrate. A bandwidth improvement of more than 5× is observed with 1.7× lower absorption for a pre-amorphized sample at −5 V compared to a crystalline sample with the same process flow.


Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of aerosol inhalation of high dose budesonide suspension combined with montelukast in treatment of childhood asthma and the effect on serum IL-1β and IL-6.Methods:180 children with asthma were divided into observation group(90 children)and control group(90 children)randomly,the children in observation group were treated with aerosol inhalation of high dose budesonide suspension combined with montelukast on the basis of conventional treatment,and the children in control group were treated with aerosol inhalation of low dose budesonide suspension combined with montelukast on the basis of conventional treatment;the clinical efficacy and the changes of IL-1β and IL-6 in serum before and after treatment were observed,the difference was compared.Results:The clinical efficacy of observation group was better than that of control group;in observation group and control group,the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in serum after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment,especially in observation group.Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of aerosol inhalation of high dose budesonide suspension combined with montelukast are good in treatment of childhood asthma,which can regulate serum IL-1β and IL-6,and can be used in clinic actively.


Death of A Salesman is a classic tragedy. The leading character, Willie Lowman is deceived by the distorted American Dream and gradually ends up with a tragic death. He is on the bottom of the capitalist society and tries to fulfill his value of life, the recognition of others, at the expense of his life. However, the capitalist system demands a person nothing but working without thinking just like a machine, so that humane aspect of human beings is denied, which is just the root of cause that leads Willie from disappointment to despair and to death. Therefore, this play criticizes the society Willie lives in.


Are EU Member States converging in terms of their innovative effort? To what extent is the current economic downturn impairing the convergence across the European Union countries in innovation performance? Using macro and micro data, this article shows that the EU Member States have converged in their innovative potential over the 2004–08 period. The economic crisis of Autumn 2008 has an impact on innovative investment in almost all EU countries, but the catch-up countries are the most affected, leading to increasing divergence. The danger of growing disparities in innovative capabilities may lead to divergence also in income and well-being. The article discusses some of the innovation policies that can be carried out at the EU level to facilitate cohesion.


Objective To evaluate the curative effect of transanal endoscopic microsurgery in treatment for thick-pedicel rectoadenoma and early recal cancer.Methods The data about 120 patients undergoing transanal endoscopic microsurgery during the period from May 2005 to February 2009 in our hospital were reviewed.Results Transanal endoscopic microsurgery was successfully performed in all the patients without procedures converted to laparotomy.The median tumor diameter was 2.5 centimeter and the distance between tumor lower edge and linea dentata was 8.4±3.2 centimeter with an tumor-involved 32.3%±18.5% of rectal circumference.The average operation time and hospital stay was 80 minutes and 5.2 days respectively.The accuracy rate of preoperative endorectal ultrasound stage for rectal cancer was 83.3%.There was no perioperative mortality while two local recurrence were found through the average follow-up of 21 months.The few complications included rectal perforation,wound dehiscence and temporary flatus incontinence.Conclusion Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a minimally invasive and anal-sphincter-preserving surgery.Transanal endoscopic microsurgery can be a radical operation for rectal adenoma with thick pedicel and pT1 rectal cancer as well as a palliative surgery for pT2 recatal cancer.


Introduction This paper aims to discuss clanpolitics and clan-democracy as strategies for conflict and crisis regulation in the African context. The model of the state and dynamics of nationstate building as sources of conflict in Somalia will be explored and clan-democracy in Somalia re-appraised, as a concept and framework for conflict resolution and achieving political stability in the 21st century.


During the 18th century portuguese society received a great influence of Italy in the field of the arts, but the need to build a great cultural scenery in which the power of the portuguese monarchy and religion, is recalled in times of crisis, he carried all the big ideas about the Church and the State are wanted through theatrical forms. These forms, when they arrived at Brazil, were the only ones that could serve the colonial society to show their loyalty and proximity to the metropolis and public commemorations, religious processions, and any great event, reached in Brazil a great scenic development during the 18th century. The arts were the means to transform those ideas into realities.


This thesis aims at presenting and comparing the bank lending with the alternative sources of financing (leasing, factoring, forfeiting), in an unfavorable and constantly changing economic and banking environment. Using a questionnaire, the main objective, is to draw conclusions about the most advantageous form of funding, based on their peculiarities. In particular, in the first chapter will be made a description of the financial and banking system. We will refer to the Greek banking system and how it has changed during the economic crisis (2007-2017), we will describe the Systemic Greek Banks and we will analyze the Non Performing Loans and how they affected the banking sector. In the second section we will talk about business financing and we will analyze its two main categories, internal and external financing as well as all their categories. We will study bank lending as a traditional external financing, and how lending through working capital and long-term borrowing will allow businesses to grow. We will also look at the financing problems faced by the enterprises and how Non performing Loans and Openings have affected business financing. The next section refers to the first alternative form of finance, leasing. We will give the definition of leasing, the legislative framework in which it was established in the Greek market, and a more detailed description of its operation and categories, as well as the advantages and disadvantages. The fourth section refers to factoring. We will speak about the legislative framework, the categories that distinguish it and how they used, and we will see the reasons why it is distinguished. Correspondingly in the fifth section we will study forfaiting, his definition, structure, its advantages and disadvantages and an interesting comparison with factoring. The last chapters refer to research and methodology used for sample collection and representativeness. At the same time, through the correlations, which made using the SPSS, will be quoted the results and the conclusions that drawn. Finally, we will mention some suggestions on improving the financing of businesses in the midst of the crisis.


A rep-rate pulser system is under development for use as an Army user facility. This pulser is entering its final stages of testing prior to delivery. This paper presents results which show the pulser's performance demonstrated to date and describes future upgrades now in progress. The pulser system contains a power supply which energizes a resonant charging circuit which charges a PFN to 1 MV. This power supply can provide up to 300 kW in one second bursts to the pulser. The output of the power unit charges the pulser's 10.5 /spl mu/F primary capacitor bank to 80 kV in 5 ms. This bank is then discharged into the primary of a 1:13.5 iron-core pulse transformer. The transformer's core is reset by the charging current to the 10.2 /spl mu/F capacitor bank. A pair of low inductance, simultaneously triggered gas switches discharges the capacitors into the primary winding of the transformer. The transformer secondary resonant-charges a 5 /spl Omega/ PFN to 1 MV in 7 /spl mu/s. The stored PFN energy is thus 28 kJ. A single self- breaking output switch discharges the PFN into a low inductance 5 /spl Omega/ load resistor. The pulser section, extending from the primary capacitors to the resistive dummy load is contained within an oil tank. The pulser was tested in single pulse and low rep-rates. The specified 500 kV load voltage was achieved without breakdown or corona. A 10 to 90% risetime of approximately 30 ns was obtained. The pulsewidth of the flat-top, a critical parameter for this pulser, was 450 ns (within an amplitude range /spl plusmn/5% of peak) . The pulser and power sections are interfaced to a Macintosh Ilcx computer. This computer accepts commands while operating under the LabVIEW software system which allows the pre-setting of all required pulser settings, including rep-rate, number of shots, burst width and the amplitude and timing of voltages and currents within the power unit. The LabVIEW control program also incorporates fault detection and display routines.


Cotton was planted 28 Apr in plots 4 rows wide and 40 ft long. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2-powered sprayer with 110° LF3 fan tips every 19 inches. The sprayer applied 15 gal/acre at 4 mph. Bidrin at 0.1 lb (AI)/acre was applied 2 and 21 May and 19 and 26 Jun for control of thrips and cotton fleahoppers. Predators were reduced by applying 0.2 lb (AI)/acre Bidrin on 29 Jun, 9 Jul, and 22 Jul. The percentage of damaged squares was determined by examining 50 squares from the center 2 rows on 14, 21, and 28 Jul. Boll damage was measured by counting 50 bolls/plot on 30 Jul, 4, and 10 Aug. Seed cotton yields were determined by stripping the center 2 rows with a IH stripper on 14 Sep.


Microwave ablation has been considered as a promising therapy for the treatment of liver tumors. However, many antennas proposed in previous literature generated ellipsoidal ablation and also were not suitable for percutaneous intervention due to the lack of mechanical properties. To address these problems, a closed dual‐slot antenna was investigated to generate spherical ablation and designed with zirconia tip, which facilitated its ability to puncture into tissues, and metal tube, which provided mechanical strength for percutaneous puncture. A numerical model was constructed to optimize antenna geometry and analyze antenna performance. The reflection coefficient, specific absorption rate, and temperature distribution of the closed and conventional dual‐slot antennas were all simulated by using finite element method. The two antennas were also validated with ex vivo porcine livers, finding a great agreement between simulated and experimental results. The closed dual‐slot antenna generated a more spherical ablation zone (34.0 mm × 37.2 mm vs. 29.1 mm × 48.5 mm at 50 W for 10 min) with a lower reflection coefficient (−30.3 vs. −9.5 dB) than did conventional dual‐slot antenna, and showed qualified mechanical properties for clinical application, which may be further applied to clinical percutaneous intervention to treat liver tumors effectively.


This study aims at examining into education effect of hand and individual hygiene in Gyeonggido Yangjoo area elementary school students. We training and survey 360 among fourth, fifth and sixth grade students. A questionnaire of this study has two step. First step has ask about lifestyle and hygiene knowledge. After education, we has asking hygiene knowledge and interest class. It showed that, there is no difference in life style and eating between meals habit between girl and boy student, but significance difference life style compare with a grade. There is significance difference knowledge level risen effect first and last education. Students are questionnaire of interest class is hand Hygiene. These results indicated that elementary school children preference experience study. The education and publicity of hygiene and hand wash are necessary for protecting students from food poisoning and disease. It should systematically set up the education and training system to control foods safely by including educational subject of food hygiene in regular curriculum.


Introduction This routine calculates the sample size necessary to achieve a specified interval width or distance from the sample proportion to the confidence limit at a stated confidence level for a confidence interval for one proportion. Caution: This procedure assumes that the proportion of the future sample will be the same as the proportion that is specified. If the sample proportion is different from the one specified when running this procedure, the interval width may be narrower or wider than specified.


Arterial barereflex control of heart rate is impaired in young men with borderline or mild hypertension. Despite this impairment, these subjects often hare exaggerated increases in rascular resistance during orthostatk stress. We considered the possibility that this exaggerated reflex vasoconstriction might reflect augmented cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of vascular resistance m borderline hypertension (BHT). Accordingly, we studied cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of forearm rascular resistance in nine BHT men with blood pressure intermittently above 150/90 mm Hg and in seven nonnotensive (NT) men. Cardiopulmonary baroreceptor input was reduced with lower body negative pressure (LBNP −5 to −2 0 mm Hg), which decreases cardiac filling pressures. Baseline mean arterial pressure was 99 ± 3 mm Hg (mean ± SE) in BHT vs 83 ± 2 mm Hg in NT (p < 0.05). Baseline forearm resistance was also higher in BHT than in NT: 19 ± 2 vs 13 ± 1 mm Hg/ml/mln/100 ml or units (p < 0.05). Reflex increases in forearm resistance during LBNP were greater (p < 0.05) in BHT than in NT (8.6 ± 1.7 vs 4.5 ± 1.1 units during LBNP −20). Increases in arterial pressure and forearm resistance during a cold pressor test were not significantly different in the two groups. Thus, the augmented response to LBNP could not be attributed to a nonspecific influence of increased baseline resistance or a generalized abnormality in reflex control. In summary, the results of this study suggest that there is augmentation of the tonic inhibitory influence of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in humans with BHT. (Hypertension 4: 39–46, 1982)


A number of successful RF fingerprint classifiers have been demonstrated, but relatively few results evaluate the impact of changing the receiver used for training and inference. In this work, we record a set of 25 ZigBee transmitters with 10 independent, unsynchronized receivers and first show that similar performance may be achieved by a neural network-based RF fingerprint verification system on all receivers when training and inference are performed on the same receiver. Next, we show significant performance degradation when different receivers are used for training and inference. We propose two methods to address this shortcoming. The first method shows that the performance degradation is reduced when the training process uses several receivers. The second method proposes a calibration procedure whereby a single neural network-based transformation is learned per receiver and allows fingerprint verification models learned for a different receiver to be reused without retraining.


Access to Emergency Services By Tim Weldon [1] Thursday, January 1, 2009 at 12:00 AM A national report card finds that demand for emergency care is growing fast and the nation is unable to meet this demand, although states are adopting policies to increase citizens' access to care. Download the PDF Version of this Report [2] Demand for emergency care is growing fast and the nation is unable to meet this demand. Emergency department visits in the U.S. increased by 36 percent to 119 million in 2006, up from 90 ●


Nonholonomic mechanical systems are known to be in general not stabilizable at equilibrium points by means of smooth state feedback. Nevertheless, smooth time varying laws can solve this stabilization problem. On the other hand, we show that by means of dynamic state feedback, it is possible for 3-wheeled mobile robots to track arbitrary fast trajectories not reduced to equilibrium points. Section 1 is devoted to some preliminaries about dynamical modelling of nonholonomic mechanical systems. Section 2 particularizes the case of 3-wheeled mobile robots (with free, steering or omnidirectional wheels). In Section 3 we briefly recall the idea of the dynamic extension algorithm which leads to full linearization of 3-wheeled mobile robots (with a free or steering wheel). Moreover, dynamic feedback will allow to solve the tracking problem for an omnidirectional mobile robot having less motors than degrees of freedom. This is possible by choosing "output functions" depending on the mass repartition of the robot. This result is quite analogous to the one obtained in [2] for a class of rigid manipulators having less motors than degrees of freedom.


HD 27507 is a horizontal-branch star with a radial velocity of 348 km/s. Its galactocentric velocity (368 km/s) is very little affected by a possible error in the adopted circular velocity in the vicinity of the sun. Since it is very unlikely that a star with a galactocentric velocity within 10 km/s of the escape velocity is found, it can be concluded that the escape velocity is at least 378 + or - 20 km/s. The redetermination of the proper motion of HD 27507 can substantially reduce the margin of uncertainty.


A 68-year-old man with a 3-year history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) came to the Department of Dermatology in May 1988 for evaluation of an asymptomatic vesicular eruption on the right leg. Physical examination revealed a man with multiple small purpuric grouped vesicles, arranged in L5-S1 right dermatomes. Generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly (15 cm) was noted. The diagnosis of herpes zoster was made and a treatment with acyclovir, 800 mg orally five times a day, was prescribed. The lesions resolved slowly in a period of 25 days. He did not require analgesics and did not develop postherpetic neuralgia. Three weeks later, the patient developed numerous grouped lichenoid hrownish papules, 2-3 mm in diameter in a segmental arrangement over the dermatomes coincident to the resolving herpetic lesions (Fig. 1). Histopathological examination of a 4-mm punch hiopsy revealed a dense infiltrate in the superficial and middle dermis composed of mature lymphocytic cells admixed with histiocytes. In some areas, epithelioid cell granulomas, consisting of epithelioid cells intermingled with histiocytes, some of them multinucleated, were observed (Fig. 2). Necrosis was not seen. Stains for acid-fast organisms were negative. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the lymphocytic infiltrate was composed of 50% of T lymphocytes and 50% of B cells. Repeated cultures of the biopsy specimens for acid-fast hacteda and fungus were negative. Viral studies (immunofluorescent test and electron microscopy) failed to show viral particles. Laboratory examination revealed the following results: white blood cell count was 39.600/mm^ with 5% neutrophils, 91% lymphocytes, 2% monocytes; hemoglobin: 10,5 g/dl; and platelets: 74.000. A Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 9 mm in the first hour. Results of serum chemistry studies were all within normal limits except low gammaglobulin levels: 5,5 g (normal, 10 g/l). Angiotensin conFigure 1. Multiple brownish papules in zosteriform pattern over the internal aspect of the right leg.


THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL MOBILITY of blacks which has been widely recognized in recent years in national and regional changes is also being expressed at the community level. This paper is focused at the community level on emerging black leadership, and on the organizational and class context in which change is occurring. Although blacks have long had strong organizations in their primary community, chiefly the church and the fraternal order, it is only recently that they have become actively involved in the organized life of the larger community. Public attention has centered on the attainment by blacks of elective political office, but decided gains have also been made in participation in voluntary activities. There is a growing literature on politics, both popular and scholarlyl but little or none on community participation in a voluntary context. One intended contribution of this paper is to provide data on participation of this latter type.


Describes an improved method and it's implementation for the extraction of formants from high order autoregressive models, using previously described techniques. Test results are presented for synthetic and real data and it is shown that success rates of over 80% are now obtainable for model orders as high as 200. The procedure described will find the factors of a polynomial using signal processing techniques rather than numerical methods, which are unreliable for such high order models. The algorithm accepts an LPC model of a sample of a drum beat, found by any conventional method, for analysis.


We would like to thank Drs Han and Li for reading and considering our paper, in which we evaluated whether late first-trimester ultrasound (LFTU) can provide additional information to a high-risk non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) result1. In particular, they thought that some clarification was needed to strengthen our paper. In our study, the majority of cases underwent NIPT after a pre-NIPT ultrasound scan and LFTU was usually performed at around 13 weeks' gestation. In fact, almost 80% of cases underwent LFTU between 12.5 and 13.5 weeks' gestation. The pre-NIPT ultrasound scan was performed to ensure that there was a single live fetus and that the gestation was beyond 10 weeks, allowing for the collection of blood for NIPT. The sonographers performing the pre-NIPT scan were all accredited by the Fetal Medicine Foundation for nuchal translucency screening and, if a fetal anomaly was seen, it was disclosed. Around half of the significant pre-NIPT findings, such as large cystic hygroma with generalized edema, resulted in chorionic villus sampling (CVS) instead of the intended NIPT, which was the patient's choice. The remaining cases chose to continue with the original plan of management, undergoing NIPT and LFTU, and then deciding about invasive testing. The pre-NIPT scan and NIPT were performed between 10 and 12 weeks' gestation, the NIPT result was obtained after a week and LFTU was performed at around 13 weeks. We disagree that knowing the exact mean gestational age at which NIPT was performed, within a 2-week window, is relevant to the strength of the paper. Rare autosomal trisomies (RAT) include trisomy 7, which is the second most commonly occurring trisomy and is more common than trisomy 18 or 132. The positive predictive value (PPV) for RAT is known to be low and an 8% PPV is within the accepted range3. Normal LFTU suggests the high-risk result for RAT is more likely to be a false positive and a fetal abnormality on LFTU suggests that the fetus is affected. A mosaic trisomy can also cause fetal abnormalities. Amniocentesis is appropriate when LFTU is normal to avoid a mosaic result on CVS due to placental mosaicism. Although anomalies in RAT cases are seen only in a minority of fetuses, the detection of significant fetal abnormalities may be sufficient for some patients to not want to continue a pregnancy and genetic testing can be performed as CVS or on the products of conception. Although the PPV of NIPT for trisomies 18 and 21 is reduced by normal LFTU, it is still high enough to justify invasive testing and, given the low incidence of placental mosaicism associated with these trisomies, CVS is appropriate, avoiding delayed testing via amniocentesis and late termination of pregnancy. Placental genetic testing was not performed routinely when there was a false-positive NIPT result refuted by


Adaptive Filter is a part of the modern communication system. The applications of the adaptive filters are channel equalization, noise cancellation, system identification and adaptive beam forming. So the proper implementation of adaptive filter is a great deal. The intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by the multipath in band limited frequency selective time dispersion channel distort the transmitted signal.  In this paper, we have concentrated on modifying the algorithm for the adaptive filter. The proposed VSS-LLMS and Modified Variable Step Size Leaky LMS (MVSS-LLMS) which improves the channel estimation in the noisy environment. Also we compared the results of our proposed algorithms with the LMS, RLS and VLLMS and observed that it improves in computational complexity and Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. Keywords: Adaptive Channel Estimation, Adaptive filter, LMS, RLS, VLLMS and MVSS-LLMS


Conservation in the West Kootenay (WK) involves a diverse range of organizations working at varying scales and scope. On October 14, 2010 the East Kootenay Conservation Program (EKCP) and the Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program – Columbia Basin (FWCP) co-hosted a stakeholder's workshop in Nelson to consider the question: " Is there interest in a new integrated partnership to achieve conservation objectives on private land in the West Kootenay?"


Simon Cottle is Professor of Media and Communications in the School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies at Cardiff University. He was formerly Director and Inaugural Chair of the Media and Communications Program at the University of Melbourne. Recent books include: Mediatized Conflict: developments in media and conflict studies (Open University Press, 2006), The Racist Murder of Stephen Lawrence: media performance and public transformation (Praeger, 2004), Media Organization and Production (editor) (Sage, 2003) and News, Public Relations and Power (editor) (Sage, 2003). He is currently writing Global Crisis Reporting (Open University Press, 2007).


Throwing techniques represent an important part of Kōdōkan jūdō, aimed at defeating an opponent. Ko-uchi-gari [minor inner reaping throw] is a versatile throw of which the exact origin is unknown. Clear and correct jūdō-specific and didactic terminology are helpful in acquiring the complex motor skills that enable a refined and highly technical jūdō. Ko-uchi-gari relies on the physics principle of a "simple couple," i.e., an acting pair of two bound opposing forces around the opponent's center of mass with the result, in this case, being perpendicular to those forces, hence producing a torque. Appreciating this may provide an idea about the method this throwing technique is relying on to achieve its success and about its challenges. The purpose of the present paper is to improve the understanding of ko-uchi-gari from a historical, terminological, linguistic, technical, and biomechanical perspective in order to facilitate transferring or acquiring the motor skills necessary to properly master and teach this jūdō throwing technique. Open access: http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/05.25.CP.1.1


The Republic of Kazakhstan has been confronted by complex border security problems, which its government has failed to adequately address. Relevant state structures are gradually taking more seriously the task of improving border security, though this process will be long and arduous requiring consistent political will to tackle a whole host of interrelated problems and issues. Kazakhstan's borders are exposed to numerous diverse threats, including illegal narcotics smuggling, arms trafficking, WMD materials and militants transiting through its territory, which has facilitated and internationalised its search for foreign assistance. In the following article, the authors explore the evolution and nature of these threats, governmental policies that have ensued and analyse some of the future challenges involved in enhancing Kazakhstan's border security.


Interpretation has been a promising approach for static analysis of Java Script programs. Static analysis is used for security auditing, debugging, optimization and error checking. Java Script is dynamically typed, uses prototype-based inheritance and first class functions. It supports reflective calls, access to object fields and allows object fields to be dynamically added and deleted. These dynamic features make Java Script flexible to use. At the same time, they make Java Script applications more susceptible to programming errors. The challenge that comes with the analysis of such programs is the design of abstract domains that will precisely track properties of interest without affecting performance. This paper presents our work on improving analysis precision of Java Script programs. We used an extended domain of intervals to track ranges of numeric values of variables. This is the first time interval domain has been applied to the analysis of the full Java Script language. We implemented the new abstract domain within a Java Script abstract interpreter. Our experiments show that the new abstract domain enables the abstract interpreter to infer more precise type information for most of the benchmark programs and strikes a good balance between analysis precision and cost. While the analysis of some benchmarks take more time as expected, some other benchmarks actually take less time.


The present study was conducted in Jigjiga zone of Somali regional state. The study intended to assess the challenges, limitations and opportunities existing in the area for honeybee production. 50 respondents were interviewed from three districts (20 from Jigjiga, 15 from Awbare and 15 from Kebribeyah). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 version software and the results were interpreted and presented using Descriptive Statistics. Based on the results of this survey, all the three types of honeybee production systems were identified, namely: Traditional, Movable comb top-bar and modern honey bee production systems. Beekeeping in the study areas was dominantly a man's occupation (100%). The main Honeybee flora compositions of the study area were sunflower, maize and other flowering plants. Based on the result of this study, the major challenges were high cost of modern hive, lack of bee forage, pests and predators, lack of water, honeybee diseases, marketing problems, lack of honey storing facilities. The opportunities for beekeeping in the study area were the presence of numerous wild honeybee colonies and high demand of honey. There is no extension service from governmental sectors but some training for few farmers from NGOs.


Medication side effects are generally regarded as the Achilles' heel of pharmacologic treatment. And who can argue with that? Adverse effects are the downside of drug treatment of psychiatric disorders and are blamed for tolerability and adherence problems. Patients dread side effects, physicians feel uncomfortable or even guilty about them, and litigation lawyers thrive on them. Psychotropics' package inserts are loaded with side-effect descriptions. The precautions, warnings, and black boxes frequently make patients anxious about taking medications, even when the diseases they suffer from pose far greater risk to their lives and health. Are side effects entirely bad, or is there a possible upside lurking within them? Psychiatrists know, for example, that a common adverse effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants/anxiolytics is delayed orgasm. But because of this side effect, SSRIs can be dramatically helpful for treating premature ejaculation in nondepressed men. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Let's consider some effects of atypical antipsychotics that usually are considered a downside of antipsychotic treatment yet appear to be associated with advantages for the same patients. Therapeutic sedation Sedation was considered a major adverse effect of quetiapine when this antipsychotic was approved for treating schizophrenia. Yet with time--and as the drug received additional indications for bipolar mania and bipolar depression--it became apparent to psychiatrists that quetiapine's sedative effects could be useful for treating insomnia in individuals with psychotic and mood disorders. Thus, practitioners saw an advantage in using a sedating antipsychotic, instead of adding a sedative/hypnotic, for psychotic or manic patients suffering from agitation, anxiety, and insomnia. Three advantages of this approach for patients are: * fewer medications to manage * lower costs without an additional sedative/hypnotic * avoiding the potential addictive effects of a sedative/hypnotic. Hyperprolactinemia and myelin repair Some patients receiving risperidone or paliperidone for psychotic symptoms develop sexual dysfunction because of the side effect of increased serum prolactin. On the other hand, recent research indicates that prolactin enhances the synthesis of oligodendrocytes, which are critical for myelin (white matter) integrity in brain tissue. In a recent study, researchers used a toxin to destroy patches of white matter in the brains of nonpregnant mice. …


Much of the research on semantic theories has concentrated on qualitative properties such as definability (of such programming concepts as recursive procedures), equivalence (of different language constructs), and verifiability (of the correctness, or consistency, of one expression relative to another). Current qualitative theories are in a tentative state and much remains to be done. However, there is also a quantitative side to semantics. Indeed, many of the questions which any semantic theory must answer are at once qualitative and quantitative. We would like to draw upon complexity-theoretic techniques to answer such questions.
 We are currently working on the development of new algebraic constructs to provide a mathematical framework for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of semantic problems.


We present temperature dependences of the upper critical magnetic field Hc2 and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter κ for a ternary boride superconductor Li2Pd3B obtained from magnetization measurements. A specially developed scaling approach was used for the data analysis. The resulting Hc2(T ) curve turns out to be surprisingly close to predictions of the BCS theory. The magnetic field penetration depth λ, evaluated in this work, is in excellent agreement with recent muon-spin-rotation experiments. We consider this agreement as an important proof of the validity of our approach.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether high quality relationships buffer or magnify the negative impact of a failed service recovery on subsequent consumer attitudes and behaviors.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 264 online shoppers were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Respondents were asked to imagine themselves in a hypothetical failed service recovery scenario involving a multi‐channel retailer with whom they shop.Findings – Results from a MANCOVA analysis and SEM modeling indicate that, following a failed service recovery incident, high quality relationships present a challenge for the service provider. In accordance with the hypotheses, consumers with a high level of relationship quality will decrease their repurchase intentions to a greater extent; more strongly and negatively adjust their overall relationship quality; and react to the service recovery effort less favorably than those with lower levels of relationship quality.Research limitations/implications – ...


Complex-valued nonstationary random processes have nonvanishing complementary second-order moment functions. In this paper, we propose generalized dual-frequency and time-frequency coherence functions for harmonizable processes. The proposed generalized spectral coherences are based on widely linear estimators, and they result in coherence measures that combine Hermitian and complementary moment functions. We show that for analytic processes, and more surprisingly also for real-valued processes, additional second-order information becomes available through the generalized coherences. We offer illuminating geometrical interpretations of the proposed coherences through Hilbert space inner product formulations. Finally, we extend the theory to generalized cross-coherences between pairs of harmonizable processes


As our state and federal governments continue to search for ways to reduce growing health care costs through restructuring, we must keep in mind that one of the best methods of reducing costs and improving healthcare is free market competition. One of the largest impediments to competition, especially in healthcare, is special interest group legislation that forbids or severely inhibits competition in the healthcare industry. Michigan preventing patients from having direct access to physical therapy is a perfect example of a law that inhibits competition in the healthcare industry to shelter a politically powerful group, the physician and chiropractor lobbies. Denying patients' direct access to physical therapy significantly increases the cost of healthcare to patients, increases the waiting time for already backlogged physicians who are facing shortages, reduces the availability of alternative healthcare options thereby reducing the general quality of healthcare for patients.


Angle-domain common image gathers (ADCIGs) describe the reflectivity variation over reflection angles which are important for seismic exploration. The ADCIGs could be obtained using reverse time migration (RTM). However, because of the limitation of seismic frequency band and acquisition geometry, RTM produces the ADCIGs with low fidelity. We propose a reflection angle-domain pseudoextended least-squares RTM method to improve the quality of the ADCIGs in which the Poynting vector is used to efficiently calculate the angles. We first extend the inverted model in the reflection angle domain and derive a feasible pseudoextended Born modeling operator which can map the reflection angle-domain extended model to seismic data. The modeling operator, associated with an adjoint operator, are then used to build a pseudoextended linearized inversion framework for inverting the angle-dependent reflectivity. Taking advantage of the simplicity and coherency of the ADCIGs, we impose a series of low-rank constraints on the extended angle dimension and a sparse constraint on the whole dimension to ensure the production of high-quality ADCIGs. The proposed method is finally solved by a regularized conjugate gradient algorithm. We conduct several numerical examples on a flat layer model, the Marmousi model, and the Sigsbee2A salt model to test the validity and superiority of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method could produce the ADCIGs and the stacked image with higher fidelity than RTM, which provides a reliable input for migration velocity analysis, anisotropic model building, and amplitude versus angle analysis.


Abstract By analyzing the pathogenesis features of postoperative syndrome of cancer (PSC)in the light of traditional Chinese medicine, and by summarizing the Zhong-Jin ZHANG's principles and ideas of treatment as well as herbal and formula utilization on Xu Lao Disease (consumptive disease) in his work Golden Cabinet Stored Recipes, combining with our own experience, to elucidate the basic processing principles of traditional Chinese medicine for postoperative syndrome of cancer.


Crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) prepared from duck eggshell using the precipitation method. Duck eggshell used because it has higher calcium oxide (CaO) purity than another eggshell. The amount of duck eggshell calcinated to obtain calcium precursor then dropped with phosphoric acid wisely. The hydroxyapatite result modified with a silver (HA-Ag) using gamma radiolysis reduction. Hydroxyapatite powder added with an alcoholic silver ion precursor and followed by high energy gamma irradiation. This modification is to increase the antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite for further medical applications. The results of the bacterial inhibitory test, showed the largest antibacterial clear zone in 25 kGy irradiation dose of HA-Ag. HA and HA-Ag characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX. All characterization result support the forming of pure hydroxyapatite and the presence of a silver particle.


Abstract : Results are given of research conducted in three major areas: (1) the temperature and wind structure of cold fronts. (2) determination of the eddy heat coefficient under fair-weather conditions, and (3) the determination of the eddy heat coefficient in frontal zones. The investigations were based upon data collected on the 1420-ft. KRLD-WFAA transmitter tower at Cedar Hill, Texas. This volume pertains only to the first area. This section deals specifically with the structure of cold fronts. By making suitable assumptions it was possible to determine the motion of the air relative to the thermal fields of the fronts. The results indicated considerable cross-isentropic motion. In turn, these results implied, as extreme possibilities, that either the temperature structure of the fronts was undergoing radical change as a result of the particles following an adiabatic process or, the temperature structure was conservative and the particles were undergoing nonadiabatic processes.


This study highlights the compliment response strategies of Jordanian adolescent students, and discusses the respective influences of gender and social power on the production of these strategies. The participants were 37 male and 37 female Jordanian adolescent students at private secondary schools in Amman, with ages ranging from 14–16. They responded to eight discourse completion test situations translated into Arabic to ensure the participants' understanding. These eight scenarios resembled academic situations which students might face in their daily life, and were intended to represent interactions with persons of different social standing/power. The resulting data were analysed based on the classification system found in previous research. The results revealed that both male and female participants preferred to accept compliments over using non-acceptance strategies. The most frequent strategies used by both groups were combination strategies and acceptance strategies, while nonacceptance strategies and face relationship-related response strategies were the least common. However, there were differences in the preference and frequency of use of other compliment response strategies such as amendment and no acknowledgment strategies. The participants' gender and the social power of the speakers were also found to influence the choice and perception of politeness. For example, the males tended to use more acceptance strategies compared to the females. They also preferred different rank order of compliment response strategies when the hearer was of lower status. Finally, some pedagogical implications and suggestions for future research were briefly discussed by the researchers.


We examine the position and positioning of children in leadership studies through describing a project where we have worked with children as researchers and policymakers. The research group that we are a part of is located in a successful secondary school, and we have worked together over the past two years to find out more about student and staff perceptions of bullying with a view to developing and implementing a revised school policy. We examine the findings from this work, and show how it challenges current notions regarding pupil voice, and how the potential exists to think differently about what leadership is and how it is practiced.


Recent work has strengthened the central role of in fl ammatory signaling in the pathogenesis and maintenance of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)


There was a hesitate period for Zhang Dong-sun,who was from a liberalist in the early stage of the Republic of China to a juild socialist round about May 4th Movement(1919).In1920,LuoSu came to visit China.Before that time,Zhang Dong-sun just disseminated and studied socialist ideas,but after that time, he changed into the typical representative of julid socialist.There were indications that the liberalistic Intellec- tuals had mixed feelings in the social transformation,but the compromise spirit wash' t suited to the social po- litical situation in the late 1920s.


An investigation will compare students using the virtual world environment of Second Life to those using traditional methods of distance education (Web 2.0 tools and resource materials) to determine whether there are variations in the amount of collaboration and discussions by students with these synchronous and asynchronous eLearning tools. All students will undertake the same assessment tasks and the results compared. The Second Life group will participate in a number of online sessions to familiarise them with the


ABSTRACT To the Editor.— After I had read Dr. Vincent de Paul Lynch's comments to a letter on parasite transmission by Dr. Paul Abrahm (222:1309, 1972), I felt impelled to add a few of my comments. Back in the 40s when I was working on Entamoeba histolytica, I encountered Dientamoeba fragilis a number of times in examination of stools of servicemen and immigrants in the Boston area, who had returned or come from the Far East. Mystified by its mode of transmission, I made some observations on its survival outside of fecal masses. My unpublished data indicated that the trophozoites of this small amoeba are quite sensitive to aerobic environment, and die and disintegrate within one hour in an isotonic salt solution at room temperature. When feces were smeared in a thin film on microslides, the trophozoites rounded up rapidly and became granular in appearance within 15 minutes during microscopic examination


Current controllers of three-phase grid-following voltage source converters (VSCs) are usually designed without considering dynamics of phase-locked loop (PLL) or frequency-locked loop (FLL). However, neglecting the impact of these synchronization units can lead to inaccurate robustness and stability assessment results. This paper proposes a general framework for the modeling and stability analysis of grid-following VSCs. It is applicable to combinations of different current controllers and synchronization techniques. Firstly, the system is described in the complex domain and linearized by using Wirtinger calculus. The obtained small-signal multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) model reveals that the synchronization unit causes coupling between the original and complex conjugate systems. Then, by using individual channel design (ICD) approach, the cross-coupling effects are evaluated, and an equivalent single-input single-output (SISO) description of the MIMO model is established. Next, stability analysis procedure, applying Nyquist criterion to the equivalent SISO model, is proposed. Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.


The bioinformatics field is concerned with processing medical data for information and knowledge extraction. The problem comes more interesting when dealing with uncertain data which is very common in the medicine diagnostic area. The medical data is processed inside the human brain to produce the appropriate diagnoses. The artificial neural networks are simulations to the human thinking. The rough neural networks are special networks that are capable of dealing with rough boundaries of uncertainness through rough neurons. This research tries to solve the diagnostic problems using the classification capabilities of the rough neural networks. The medical training data ,after preprocessing to remove unnecessary attributes, are applied to the rough neural network structure so as to update the connection weights iteratively and produce the final network that give a good accuracy rates. The testing data are used to measure these accuracy rates. The input data are transformed into its lower and upper boundaries by multiplying them by the input weights so there are no need for preparing rough data in advance. The illustrations of the proposed model and its sub modules along with the experimental results and comparisons with the neural network in diagnosing medical knowledge from the breast cancer data set for a number of experiments with different training set sizes are declared.


In this paper we propose a new class of selective CIC filters in recursive and nonrecursive form. We illustrate examples of the proposed filter function and calculate integer coefficients of filter impulse response. Detailed comparison between the proposed selective filter class and classical CIC filters is given. The results show that the stopband selectivity can be improved for as much as 40 dB in comparison with classical CIC filtes with the same filter complexity.


The new concept of a system of hex equations is introduced as an overdetermined system of six five-point face-centered quad equations defined on six vertices of a hexagon. For a consistent system of hex equations, two variables on neighbouring vertices of the hexagon can be solved for uniquely in terms of the other four. A consistent system of hex equations has a well-defined unique evolution in the hexagonal lattice under suitable initial value problems defined on a single connected staircase of points. Multidimensional consistency for systems of hex equations is proposed in terms of their consistency on certain polytopes which have both hexagonal and quadrilateral faces, and specific examples are presented for the hexagonal prism, the elongated dodecahedron, the truncated octahedron, and the 6-6-duoprism. Consistent systems of hex equations on such polytopes may be constructed from face-centered quad equations which satisfy consistency-around-a-face-centered-cube, in combination with regular quad equations that satisfy consistency-around-a-cube.


An extracellular protease from Pseudomonas fluorescens, isolated from raw milk, was partially purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate and by chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The protease had a molecular weight of 38,000 with a K m value for casein of 0.9 mg/ml. The pH and temperature optima were 6.5 and 39°C. The enzyme seemed to be a thiol protease. The inactivation of protease at temperatures of 100-140°C followed first-order kinetics


Acoustic analysis has been used as an objective tool in vocal quality evaluation. In this work, the vocal deviation intensity is evaluated for discrimination between normal, mild and moderate degrees, employing measures of nonlinear dynamic analysis (First Minimum of the Mutual Information Function and Correlation Dimension), recurrence quantification measures (Determinism, Shannon entropy, Mean Length of Diagonal Lines, Maximum Line Length and Transitivity). The parameter related to the recurrent topology of the vocal production system (Reconstruction Stepwas also analyzed. In the classification process, the MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) neural network was used, with the Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) algorithm. An accuracy of 94.5% was obtained in the discrimination between normal and moderate degrees. Keywords— Acoustic analysis, nonlinear dynamics analysis, vocal deviations, neural networks.


Differential power processing (DPP) architectures have attracted lots of research interests in recent years to deal with mismatch problem in residential photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, conventional DPP structures may face hardware cost and efficiency challenge when the PV string is long. This paper proposes an improved DPP structure with a virtual port connected in series with the submodule string. Compared with conventional DPP solutions, the proposed structure not only reduces current stress but also has high system efficiency when the number of PV panels increase. Besides, installation requirement is simplified. Furthermore, a single loop control method is proposed with only one current sensor to reduce hardware cost. Distributed maximum power point tracking (dMPPT) in submodule level is realized. Finally, a 300W prototype is built and experimental results verify the proposed structure.


Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni has two or three generations each year on apricot trees grown in greenhouse in Zhengzhou area,Henan province. Practice proved the best time for insecticide spraying was at the majority eggs hatching and nymphae spreading stage. Avermectin + chlorpyrifos 24EC 160-240 mg/L,or avermectin + mineral oil 24.5EC 163.3 mg/L was efficient and safe for spraying in early and middle April. When at the second nymphae spreading stage, Avermectin + chlorpyrifos 24EC 160-240 mg/L or chlorpyrifos 48EC 480 mg/L could be used for control. When the trees are in dormancy,methidathion 40EC 500-666.7 mg/L would be recommended.


Catalase is the enzyme which releases gaseous oxygen from hydrogen peroxide and is definitely known to occur in chloroplasts. Neish (5) has measured the catalase activity of separated chloroplast matter and has compared it with that of whole mashed leaves. His measurements showed that all the catalase of green leaves was concentrated in the chloroplasts. However, Krossing (4) reported that he found catalase both in the chloroplasts and in the other parts of the cytoplasm.


The structural evolution of a polydomain ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 film was studied by temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction. Two critical temperatures were evidenced: T*=740K, corresponding to a change in the domain structure (a∕c∕a∕c to a1∕a2∕a1∕a2), and TCfilm=825K, where the film undergoes a ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. The film remains tetragonal on the whole range of temperature investigated. The evolutions of the domain structure and lattice parameters were found to be in very good agreement with the calculated domain stability map and theoretical temperature-misfit strain phase diagram, respectively.