In this paper a method for rapid inspection of mirabilite in fresh milk was established through the test.Some influencing factors such as acetic acid,BaCl2 and rhodizonic acid sodium salt were systematically observed and optimized.The best operating sequence is:acetic acid,BaCl2,rhodizonic acid sodium salt were put in adulterate sample sequentially,then the appearance of yellow is judged as positive reaction.Under the optimum operation conditions,the lowest quantity limit of mirabilite detected was 1 200 μg/mL milk.Also,we have inspected the effect of tap water and creamer on the test phenomenon.The test phenomenon showed that the method was sensitive,Moreover it is very cheap and convenient to inspect,simple and easy to apply.Besides,adding tap water and creamer could not influence the result of the test.


THE BIOLOGY OF GENOMES MEETINGCOLD SPRING HARBOR, NEW YORK-- New approaches to genome studies are showing that DNA is full of surprises, researchers learned here 12 to 16 May at the Biology of Genomes meeting. Geneticists reported new research suggesting that the non-protein-coding DNA that constitutes the bulk of the human genome may in fact be "junk" after all.


Disclosed is a method adaptation to the acoustic of an active element of an electroacoustic transducer for emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves with a predetermined wavelength in a loading medium containing radiated over a surface facing the loading medium front, over can be generated by the active element, axially directed sound waves in the loading medium, or are coupled to the active element, and a front side has the at least partially bounding side surface, are radiated over the producible by the active element edge waves or coupled propagating substantially orthogonally to the axially directed sound waves. The invention is characterized in that facing medium is made an acoustic matching in such a way between the side surface and the side surface, that at least part of the inherent in the emerging from the side surface of the active element edge waves of sound energy in the form of axially directed sound waves is converted and or at least a part of inherent in the axially directed sound waves of sound energy is converted into directed to the side face edge waves / in the reverse manner.


Ionospheric heavy ions play an important role in the dynamics of Earth's magnetosphere. The greater mass and gyroradius of ionospheric oxygen differentiates its behavior from protons at the same energies. Oxygen may have an impact on tail reconnection processes, and it can at least temporarily dominate the energy content of the ring current during geomagnetic storms. At sub‐keV energies, multispecies ion populations in the inner magnetosphere form the warm plasma cloak, occupying the energy range between the plasmasphere and the ring current. Lastly, cold lighter ions from the midlatitude ionosphere create the corotating plasmasphere whose outer regions can interact with the plasma cloak, plasma sheet, ring current, and outer electron belt. In this paper we present a statistical view of warm, cloak‐like ion populations in the inner magnetosphere, contrasting, in particular, the warm plasma composition during quiet and active times. We study the relative abundances and absolute densities of warm plasma measured by the Van Allen Probes, whose two spacecraft cover the inner magnetosphere from plasmaspheric altitudes close to Earth to just inside geostationary orbit. We observe that warm (>30 eV) oxygen is most abundant closer to the plasmasphere boundary, whereas warm hydrogen dominates closer to geostationary orbit. Warm helium is usually a minor constituent but shows a noticeable enhancement in the near‐Earth dusk sector.


The capacitance and conductance measurements were carried out for c-Si solar cells, irradiated with 8 MeV electrons with doses ranging from 5kGy – 100kGy in order to investigate the anomalous degradation of the cells in the radiation harsh environments. Capacitance – Voltage measurements indicate that there is a slight reduction in the carrier concentration upon electron irradiation due to the creation of radiation induced defects. The conductance measurement results reveal that the interface state densities and the trap time constant increases with electron dose due to displacement damages in c-Si solar cells.


Objectives. The aim of this project was to explore the added value of participation in an Arts on Prescription (AoP) programme to aid the process of recovery in people with common but chronic mental health problems that have already undergone a psychological 'talking'-based therapy. Methods. The study utilized qualitative in-depth interviews with 15 clients with persistent anxiety and depression who had attended an 'AoP' service and had previously received psychological therapy. Results and discussion. Attending AoP aided the process of recovery, which was perceived by participants as 'returning to normality' through enjoying life again, returning to previous activities, setting goals and stopping dwelling on the past. Most were positive about the benefits they had previously gained from talking therapies. However, these alone were not perceived as having been sufficient to achieve recovery. The AoP offered some specific opportunities in this regard, mediated by the therapeutic and effect of absorption in an activity, the specific creative potential of art, and the social aspects of attending the programme. Conclusions. For some people who experience persistent or relapsing common mental health problems, participation in an arts-based programme provides 'added value' in aiding recovery in ways not facilitated by talking therapies alone.


Twist is the important member of highly conservative basic helix-ring-spiral transcription factors family,and plays a key role on regulation of embryogenesis.The transcription factor Twist,a master regulator of embryonic morphogenesis,plays an essential role in cell motility and organization modeling.Recent studies have shown that Twist played a key role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and Twist overexpression is able to played crucial roles in tumorigenesis,invasion and metastasis,angiogenesis and drug resistance.Twist can cause cancer by many ways.At present,Twist has been found increase expression in a variety of sources of human epithelial tumors,and closely related to the prognosis of patients.


Recent clinical and theoretical research in the field of developmental psychopathology has focused on the importance of interactions in a child's development. The literature has investigated how children's early relationships contribute to the structure and expression of any subsequent psychological problems. The main focus of this pilot study is the application of the Lausanne Trilogue Play paradigm as part of psychodiagnostic assessments to elucidate family functioning in clinical settings. The research aims particularly to observe the characteristics of a family's interactions in the light of their child's psychopathological symptoms, based on a sample of 38 families with school-age children referred to a Neuropsychiatry Unit for Children and Adolescents for emotional or behavioral problems. The children's psychopathological symptoms were assessed by administering the Child Behavior Check List to their parents. Triadic family interactions were observed using the Lausanne Trilogue Play procedure. Statistically significant relationships emerged between the family's interaction patterns and the child's externalizing and internalizing problems, suggesting an interdependence between these relational and individual factors in the development of the young person's psychopathology. The clinical and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.


The invention is a smart tray suitable for home audio player for playing back the recorded music stored on a semiconductor music chip storage medium. For music chips are mounted on a smart tray that has a chip of a predetermined number comprising a part of the audio player. Each tray is low, and controlling the routing and access to the music is embedded microprocessor in a low power from the individual chips on the tray. For example, the tray level, the microprocessor it is possible to select a decoding end of the next track of the currently selected digital signal processor (DSP) in the basic position of the audio player. The smart tray minimizes selected music search time and which ensures DSP to focus on the encoded music processing from the chip, and thus minimize the housekeeping activities to be executed by the DSP and a greater efficiency. The smart tray enables proactive music selected by the user and thus the user by pressing a button to select a specific artist, song, music style, and so on. This is possible due to the chip self-registration for the music content and musical style of the smart tray for increased power consumption. The audio player in addition to other smart tray can be extended to a predetermined limit.


In a small, open economy with a convex production set, international capital mobility raises the cost of tariff protection on one subset of imports if there are irremovable quotas on another. Given irremovable quotas on one subset of imports, free trade is the optimal policy toward all other imports, with or without international capital mobility. Further, in the scalar case, international capital mobility reduces the optimal implicit excess tariff on the quota-constrained import if an irremovable tariff is in place on the other import.


The first successful example of the enantioselective intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a chiral dirhodium(II) catalyst-associated carbonyl ylide with an aromatic aldehyde dipolarophile is described. The tandem carbonyl ylide formation/cycloaddition reactions of 1-diazo-5-aryl-2,5-pentane-diones with aromatic aldehydes using dirhodium(II) tetrakis[N-benzene-fused-phthaloyl-(S)-valinate] as a catalyst provide exclusively exo cycloadducts in up to 92 % ee.


Given the convincing evidence that past management strategies have failed to result in the maintenance of strong, healthy, sustainable marine ecosystems, a creditable response by policymakers and resource managers be to adopt a precautionary approach to scientific uncertainty. This paper illustrates how a precautionary approach can be implemented by placing the burden of proof on those who seek regulatory approval to initiate or continue a marine resource use. Implementation of precaution is thereby linked to the burden of proof concept familiar to the legal and regulatory systems of most developed and many developing nations. Decisions are consciously steered toward a regulatory disapproval pending resolution of important scientific uncertainties. Public ownership of most marine resources supports such a thoughtful, go-slow precautionary approach to marine resource use that reflects the latest scientific thinking. A precautionary approach helps preserve marine resources for future generations. Thus, more extensive use of precaution in marine resource management decisions supports the goal of sustainability. In order to achieve this goal, legislators should provide clear mandates to utilize precaution. Resource managers, in turn, can use a precautionary approach whenever it is not specifically precluded by legislation. The challenge of achieving sustainable use of marine resources transcends the boundaries of the United States but, as a global leader in many venues, the United States adoption of the precautionary approach in federal and state marine resources management would provide an important example for other nations.


Guerre de 1914; Documents officiels, Textes, Legislatifs et Reglementaires (Paris, Dalloz, 1914). New editions of recent books revised in the light of the European situation include Problems of Power, by W. M. Fullerton (Scribner), first published in 1913, in which the author brings his survey of international politics up to the outbreak of the war; and The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, by Jacob G. Schurman (Princeton University Press), in which President Schurman in a new preface outlines the intimate relations of the Balkan situation to the present war. A number of the foregoing books on the war are more particularly described in the note by Professor Turner which follows. Attention is also called to the contribution by Professor Spencer in which some of the German ante-bellum literature is considered.


e17031Background: Management of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR NMIBC) represents a clinical challenge due to high failure rates despite prior bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therap...


van Schalkwyk and Turner offer a three-point critique of our paper in the Journal of Clinical Hypertension. We empirically demonstrated how increases in access limits of all pharmaceutical sales representatives to physicians decreased the amount and speed of their clinical prescription responses to both positive (first-in-class drug) and negative new medical information (black-box warning) relative to physicians in more open-access offices. We unequivocally challenge their critique for lacking theoretical, empirical, and legal merit. First, van Schalkwyk and Turner have simply mischaracterized our paper. Detailing is not the subject of our paper, but rather what happens when the market for accessing complex medical information is distorted. Our model analyzed not the effect of the amount of detailing done by one product or the other, but the effects of limited access imposed on all sales representatives' detailing to physicians. Our study uniquely demonstrated on an unprecedented scale using robust empirical techniques how physician-level prescription clinical decisions were affected in the absence of critical medical information provided by pharmaceutical sales representatives. van Schalkwyk and Turner chose to deny our empirical evidence and instead hold onto an ideological position lacking merit. Physicians need the latest information to make the most accurate clinical decisions. The consequences of lacking the latest information to better inform a correct diagnosis and proper treatment option can have serious consequences to patients. van Schalkwyk and Turner wish us to believe that promoting greater physician ignorance by restraining the flow of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved medical information produces better clinical decisions. Seminal empirical work in health economics referenced in our paper challenge this position. Second, van Schalkwyk and Turner have minimized the availability of numerous unbiased medical information channels available to physicians. Pharmaceutical detailing is just one of many channels physicians use to acquire medical information. Physicians use many digital channels to access product and disease-specific Web sites and are engaged in physician discussion groups. Physicians read academic medical journals and FDA announcements, attend medical conferences and local physician society meetings, engage colleagues and key medical opinion leaders on treatment paradigms, and leverage experiences from their own clinical practice. Our empirical model design described and indirectly captured many of these effects. This explains why we found that the influence of increasing access limits had its largest effect for the first-in-class product launch case (sitagliptin), where sales representatives have novel information for physicians. Access limits played a much smaller role in the negative medical event cases (simvastatin ⁄ ezetimibe and rosiglitazone), where physicians tend to get this information from other sources. We explained why access limits mattered less to specialists vs primary care physicians (PCPs). PCPs track information for a much larger number of products, therefore keeping current is more difficult. So unlike van Schalkwyk and Turner, we correctly assumed and empirically verified physicians as sophisticated and discriminating consumers of multi-sourced medical information. Moreover, we challenge the notion that academic detailers, especially those supported by state governments here in the United States, are free from advancing their own agendas at the potential expense of patients. States are not disinterested parties to drug selection given the rising budget costs of Medicaid. State Medicaid plans encourage cost-only–driven generic utilization through bioequivalent and therapeutic interchange. States often erect pharmacy drug product selection laws making it easier for pharmacists to dispense generic drugs to control drug spending. This raises the question of whether these cost-only–driven policies promoting generic utilization through therapeutic interchange and substitution (substitution across drugs with different indications) serve the best interests of all patients. A strong policy statement from the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Quality Committee has warned about the dangers of this drug policy. Further, medical information provided by pharmaceutical sales representatives are tightly regulated by the FDA. All messages and printed materials must be onlabel and supported by FDA-approved clinical data. The argument that such information is ''biased'' simply because sales representatives are out to generate more physician prescriptions flies against the entire monitoring and enforcement regulatory structure. This argument is part of the ''conflict-of-interest'' narrative that has produced an explosion of policies limiting medical and industry connections that Lesko and colleagues argued do not promote public health and reduce medical innovation. Greene provides an instructive historical review on how the current system of pharmaceutical detailing evolved as a joint venture between physicians and industry. Greene noted that the opt-out AMA Prescribing Data Restriction Program (PDRP), in existence since May 2006, allowing physicians to shield their prescribing data from pharmaceutical sales representatives, had barely received more than 1% support. Recent data suggest that this estimate is in the 4% to 5% range using about 31,000 physicians who signed up for PDRP. It is hard to believe that this program would receive so little support if physicians felt that pharmaceutical sales representatives provided such biased information as van Schalkwyk and Turner suggest. doi: 10.1111/jch.12043


Fuzzy C means (FCM) clustering can be used for image segmentation,which is a procedure of the label following a unsupervised fuzzy clustering.However,there are some deficiencies in the FCM algorithm,which limit its application in some aspects.A fuzzy clustering based approach to image segmentation is proposed in this paper,which conquers the deficiencies encountered in FCM.The feasibility of the approach is proved mathematically and experimentally.


This paper addresses the leader-follower consensus problem of networked systems by using decentralized event-based control strategy. The event-based control strategy makes the controllers of agents to update at aperiodic event instants. Both a centralized and a decentralized triggering function are designed to generate these event instants. The decentralized triggering function employs only local information of the corresponding follower, i.e. the follower's own state and the neighbors states. If the follower does not have direct connection to the leader, the leader's information is not needed. Furthermore, no global information, such as the topology of the system and the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix are required for followers. It is proven that the leader-follower networked system can reach consensus by utilizing the proposed control strategy. Illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the control strategy.


Provided that sufficient resources are deployed, we can look forward to an extraordinary future in which we will characterize potentially habitable planets. Until now, we have had to base interpretations of observations on habitability hypotheses that have remained untested. To test these theories observationally, we propose a statistical comparative planetology approach to questions of planetary habitability. The key objective of this approach will be to make quick and cheap measurements of critical planetary characteristics on a large sample of exoplanets, exploiting statistical marginalization to answer broad habitability questions. This relaxes the requirement of obtaining multiple types of data for a given planet, as it allows us to test a given hypothesis from only one type of measurement using the power of an ensemble. This approach contrasts with a "systems science" approach, where a few planets would be extensively studied with many types of measurements. A systems science approach is associated with a number of difficulties which may limit overall scientific return, including: the limited spectral coverage and noise of instruments, the diversity of exoplanets, and the extensive list of potential false negatives and false positives. A statistical approach could also be complementary to a systems science framework by providing context to interpret extensive measurements on planets of particular interest. We strongly recommend future missions with a focus on exoplanet characterization, and with the capability to study large numbers of planets in a homogenous way, rather than exclusively small, intense studies directed at a small sample of planets.


The approach developed by Smith for estimating the shadowing properties of a Gaussian rough surface is applied to an arbitrarily distributed surface. Under the assumption that the surface height is statistically independent of the surface slopes, a very simple result is obtained. In particular, it is shown that the general bistatic shadowing function is completely determined by a single integration over the marginal probability density function for the surface slopes in the plane of incidence. From this general result it is immediately obvious that for backscatter the shadowing function is unity at normal incidence and zero at grazing incidence. The backscattering shadowing function is computed for an exponential slope density and compared to the Gaussian case.


RFID is a wireless system which uses electromagnetic fields in identifying and tracking the tags attached to objects. Many researchers have proposed RFID based authentication schemes under the assumption that the back end server is trustworthy. This pre assumption is not found to be valid in cloud centered RFID scenarios where the tag data is outsourced to insecure third party cloud. In this context, in 2013, Xie et al had proposed a first of its kind of cloud based RFID authentication scheme. In 2015, Abughazalah et al has presented that Xie et al scheme is susceptible to reader impersonation attack, tag location tracking attack and proposed an improved version. After detailed analysis, we will demonstrate that Abughazalah et al scheme still lacks to accomplish tag location privacy. As a portion of our contribution, we propose a cloud centered RFID authentication scheme, which is robust and resistant to the above attacks. We formally evaluate the security strong points of our scheme using widely recognized CasperFDR tool.


Pavement crack assessment is an important indicator for evaluating road health. However, due to the dark color of the asphalt pavement and the texture characteristics of the pavement, current asphalt pavement crack detection technology cannot meet the requirements of accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end multi-scale full convolutional neural network to achieve the semantic segmentation of cracks in road images by learning the crack characteristics in the complex fine grain background of asphalt pavement. The method uses DenseNet and deconvolution network framework to achieve pixel-level detection and fuses features learned from different scales of convolutional kernels through a full convolutional network to obtain richer information on multi-scale features, allowing more detailed representation of crack features in high-resolution images. And the back end joins the SVM classifier to achieve crack classification after crack segmentation. Then we create a road test standard data set containing 12 cracks and evaluate it on the data. The experimental results show that the method achieves good segmentation effect for 12 types of cracks, and the crack segmentation for asphalt pavement is better than the most advanced methods.


Micro- and ultra-precision machining is an effective approach to achieving a nanometric surface finish, which is important for the sinusoidal surface as the calibrator of multi-axis precision machines. A cylindrical coordinate micromachining method is studied for the ultra-precision cutting of sinusoidal surfaces in this paper. The three-axis (X, Z, C) turning machine is used, whose NC path is generated in a spiral curve considering the workpiece surface and tool geometry. The avoiding interference technique is proposed, including the optimal selection of tool geometry and simulation of the cutting process. The tool geometry is optimized by using a sectional curve method. The cutting simulation is implemented using a constrained B-spline path fitting and a pipe model of the cutting face. With the method developed, sinusoidal surfaces with a nanometric finish of 5.54 nm in Ra are achieved effectively.


High field magnetization measurements combined with Mossbauer spectroscopy with and without an external magnetic field have been used to study the evolution of magnetic order from wandering axis ferromagnet to asperomagnet at the transverse spin freezing transition (Txy=76±3 K) in amorphous Fe92Zr8. Below Txy, the total iron moment derived from the Mossbauer spectra is larger than its z component, determined by magnetization measurements. Mossbauer spectra measured with an external field of 3 T parallel to the γ beam show absorption due to the ΔmI=0 transitions only below Txy and confirm ordering of transverse spin components. Unlike the irreversibility in the dc susceptibility, the transition is not suppressed by the large measuring field, and therefore the fundamental nature of the transition is being probed rather than a sympton or side effect. The transition may be broadly interpreted in terms of a mean‐field mixed exchange model, although the detailed behavior is somewhat different. A phase diagram d...


Oral cancer in young people is probably a new disease other than that in old ones. In recent years, there are ever increasing epidemiological evidences for a rise in oral cancer rates amongst younger individuals worldwide. Therefore, it is of the greatest importance to study the epidemiology, risk factors and molecular mechanism of the oral cancer in this sub-group for preventing the development and improving the prognosis. This article reviews the advances in the research on oral cancer in young people from the above aspects.


Television has a direct and straight relation with children lives. At early stage of their life, they become familiar to cartoon programmes on television. The early exposure to the television intermingle their lives with the characters they watch on television and affects their later life. It has been researched that television plays a significant role in the development of children's moral formation. But the social and economic dimension of Indian villages is different from cities. Mostly, rural children believe in what they watch on television while urban children are more intelligent in understanding and choosing their contents. The prime aim of this study was to find out the role of television in children moral formation. A fewer studies have been conducted on television impact in rural areas of India. A sample of sixty students was chosen randomly from the 9 th and 10 th class according to their availability. The study concluded that there is a deep relation in watching television and moral development of children. Majority of the children behave the way they watch people performing activities on the television screen and follow them in their everyday life.


Research presented in this article addresses some of the competing claims about the value of prospective longitudinal self-report data for studying the relationship between age and crime. More specifically, the debate over the magnitude of potential testing effects in longitudinal data is assessed by analyzing involvement in delinquency, serious offending, and victimization using self-report data from the first five waves of the National Youth Survey. The results of growth curve analyses suggest that panel and maturation effects warrant serious concern in longitudinal studies that rely on self-report information. The analyses show that regardless of the subject's age at the start of data collection, average self-reported involvement in crime declined substantially over time. Data from external sources suggest that period effects are not responsible for this decline. Furthermore, while traditional measures of delinquency are reliable for studying between-individual differences in crime, these same measures may lack the reliability necessary for studying between-individual differences in changes in crime over time.


A new current mode low voltage differential Class AB second order universal biquad filter has been designed in this work. In design process, inspiring from Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb circuit, the circuit is realized with lossy integrators. The circuit has fundamental filter outputs namely; low pass, high pass and band pass. All pass and notch filter outputs have also been obtained by using additional circuits. In circuit design process, the state space method and translinear principle have been used. Two of the circuit parameters are electronically tunable which are the quality factor Q and the pole frequency f 0 . PSpice circuit simulations have been obtained to check the theoretical results' validity. In PSpice simulations, both ideal and AT&T CBIC-R type real transistor models have been used.


Objective. Postoperative headache can be one of the complications that occur after waking the patient from general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of postoperative headaches after general anesthesia, in our conditions. Methods. Our study was designed as a comparative, open, non-randomized clinical study, carried out in a routine clinical practice. It was conducted at the departments of thoracic, abdominal, vascular, orthopedic surgery and gynecology, in the Clinical Center in Kragujevac. The study involved patients who signed the informed consent before the study and who were operated at these departments and underwent general anesthesia during the time frame from 01/03/2016 to 01/04/2016. Results. The results of this study showed that the frequency of postoperative headache after general anesthesia was 9%. Patients rated intensity of these headaches on a visual analogue scale. The mean value of this scale of the study participants was 0.33±1.3. It was found that alcohol consumption is an important factor associated with the development of postoperative headache after general anesthesia (p=0.035). Conclusion. Assessing frequency of postoperative headache after general anesthesia is significant both for patients and for doctors, because it puts the emphasis on the headache as a postoperative complication. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention at this type of headache and affect the reduction of its frequency and improve the quality of life of patients after waking up from general anesthesia.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this case report is to present the CAD/Press technique; a workflow that combines digital design, milled, or 3D printed burnout molds, and a new pressable ceramic material for the treatment of extensive noncarious lesions with minimal invasive indirect ceramic restorations.

CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Clinical decisions from material selection, preparation design, manufacturing techniques to adhesive protocols will be discussed, as they are important factors for achieving long-term clinical success while preserving healthy tooth structure.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The presented workflow aims to ease clinical decisions when restoring extensive cases with indirect restorations and show clinicians a workflow combining several techniques.


This paper reviews traditional theoretic arguments for metro size distribution as an outcome of technical characteristics of production and the nature of demand for commodities and compares theoretical expectations with actual population growth experience in metro areas. Rigorous comparisons of actual with expected growth, however, are very difficult due to problems in making operational definitions of "place†, "intermediate size†and "metropolitan†. Despite these practical difficulties the actual record of growth by size class is reviewed for the U.S. since 1900 and for the countries of the European Community since 1950. The theoretical distribution is computed from the frequency distribution deduced by Losch which is calibrated to discrete size intervals according to Zipf and compared with actual distributions for U.S. counties, U.S. Standard Metropolitan Areas and EEC Functional Urban Regions. On the basis of these multiple comparisons it is concluded that somewhere perhaps as early as the 1940s and certainly by 1970 there was a strong shift in favor of intermediate size areas, but that by the early 1980s that this shift was weakening with indications of a lag in the adjustment in Europe compared with the U.S.


The word "Beautiful Eyebrow" appeared earliest in The Medical Classic of the Yellow Emperor.In various ancient literature books,"Beautiful Eyebrow" did not mean female,but was used in describing the specific masculine character's appearance,like "Lao Tzu",the Taoism ancestor,and father of Tang Dynasty pilgrim monk Master Xuan Zang and so on.Although the culture of the female's "eyebrow" is well-established,but doesn't pick the word "Beautiful Eyebrow".Inheriting the meaning of the word "Beautiful Eyebrow",the word "Beautiful Beard and Eyebrow" mainly was used in describing the king and political leader's uncommon appearance.Then the word "Beard and Eyebrow" developed and became the synonym of "man".The word "Beautiful Eyebrow" became the popular word from the the network terminology in network time,but its own limitation of word meaning caused it substituted by the word "Beautiful Girl" gradually.


ABSTRACT Lead-free (1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xK0.5Na0.5NbO3/(1-x)NBT-xKNN solid solutions (x = 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08) near morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were investigated for their optical, piezoelectric, polarization fatigue and leakage current properties. Optical band gap of all the ceramics was found to be ∼3 eV. The x = 0.07 composition exhibited large piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling coefficient, small leakage current density of ∼1.04 × 10−6 A/cm2 at 40 kV/cm. The bipolar fatigue behavior carried out by the remnant polarization vs. number of cycles (up to 109). These findings confirmed the existence of MPB in x = 0.07 composition and its potentiality for memory and actuator applications.


Introduction : determined The aim of the study : Review of on therapeutic used in the of Material and method : Standard criteria were used to review the literature data. The search of articles in the PubMed database was carried out using the following keywords:… .. Description : Therapeutic mechanisms in SMA are directed to: 1) modification of pre-mRNA splicing of the SMN2 gene; 2) gene therapy; 3) neuroprotection; 4) improving skeletal muscle function. Summary : The gigantic advances in the development of therapeutical strategies resulted in the approval of two drugs for the treatment of SMA and the commencement of clinical studies on numerous with bundles.


Most file system performance enhancing techniques, such as the I/O buffer cache and the Log-structured File Systems (LFS), relying on caching data in volatile RAM for a period of time before destaging them to disk. Such approaches pose a reliability problem. Non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) caches can be used to enhance the reliability. However, large NVRAM caches are very expensive and not as reliable as disks. This paper presents the design and implementation of a different approach called RAPID-Cache (Redundant, Asymmetrically Parallel and Inexpensive Disk Cache) for highly-reliable systems. The new approach provides an inexpensive way to make the OS buffer cache non-volatile and highly reliable. Recent researches using simulation suggest that as a cache inside a disk array controller, RAPID-Cache has great reliability/cost advantages over conventional write cache structures. In order to validate whether RAPID-Cache can really achieve satisfactory performance in real systems, and to see if RAPID-Cache can also improve the performance/reliability of the OS buffer cache, we have designed and implemented RAPID-Cache for the Linux system. Measurement results using realistic benchmarks show very promising results. Using only 3.25 MB of NVRAM, a RAPID-Cache outperforms normal NVRAM caches of 64 MB or even 128 MB. RAPID-Cache also provide better reliability than normal NVRAM caches.


Bayesian statistics is a powerful physical phenomena modelling tool. However it usually demands highly iterative algorithms, hence it is was not widely used so far. Recently, rapid development of computing capabilities enables use of such methods. Computing methodology here presented features Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods applied to Bayesian modelling. The essential aspect is enabling direct characteristic parameters estimation, hence omitting the phase of image reconstruction widely produced whenever process tomography is applied. This property has an important feature of making feasible implementation of automatic industrial process control systems based on electrical capacitance tomography (ECT)


e-Gov is believed to be one effective way of achieving good governance, thereby triggering a lot of central government agencies and local governments to develop web applications with a view to implementing e-Gov. In fact the development of e-Gov is not easy and many have failed. The main factor of such failure is due to a misunderstanding of the concept of e-Gov and many factors.
This paper reveals an idea of the use of population databases for e-Gov applications and information systems are implemented in Bantul regency, and agencies / institutions in the district of Bantul. The conclusion is the development of e-Gov strategy requires a focused and continuous short-term and long term. Framework of a consistent implementation strategy in the system life cycle is accompanied by a process of continuous improvement; availability of the technical team; leadership, institutional, and strong policies; and application of the methodology through evolution in the implementation of integration (database, midleware, and applications), are important aspects that need to be considered to support the successful implementation of e-Gov applications and systems in the Bantul regency.


In the present invention, a query that has been input by a user is acquired; the structure of a subject Web page is analyzed; a query-related region related to the query is determined from the subject Web page; the query-related region is adjusted on the basis of rectangular shape information indicating the size of the rectangle of a terminal screen, thereby creating a query Web page; and the query Web page that has been created is transmitted to a terminal device.


•  Inhibitory feedback from horizontal cells to photoreceptors regulates synaptic gain and contributes to centre–surround receptive field formation via mechanisms that are not fully understood. •  We show that horizontal cell calcium channels and ionotropic GABA receptors mediate the inhibitory feedback, and that the results of their actions are blocked by strong pH buffering with Hepes. •  GABA appears to act not upon the photoreceptor but instead upon the horizontal cell itself. The horizontal cell GABA receptors are permeable to chloride and bicarbonate, meaning their activation can produce changes in synaptic cleft pH. •  These results suggest that activation of calcium channels in a depolarized horizontal cell releases GABA, which acts in an autaptic manner to increase bicarbonate permeability. The resulting influx of bicarbonate contributes to acidification of the synaptic cleft, inhibiting photoreceptor calcium channels, the hallmark of inhibitory feedback at this synapse.


Introduction. Trans-radial intervention has several advantages such as reduction of bleeding risk, improvement of patients' convenience, and immediate ambulation as compared with the trans-femoral intervention. In the trans-radial intervention, there are some anatomical and technical differences between right and left radial approach. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the choice of the right or left radial approach on 12-month clinical outcomes in patients undergoing the trans-radial intervention. Methods. A total of 506 consecutive patients who underwent trans-radial intervention were enrolled from Nov 2013 to Oct 2014 in the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Trans-radial Intervention Registry. The patients were divided into two groups; a right radial approach group and a left radial approach group. To adjust potential confounders, propensity score-matched analysis was performed using the logistic regression model. Results. After propensity score matching, the baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were balanced between the two groups. However, contrast volumes during the procedure were larger and fluoroscopic times were longer in the right radial approach group, whereas procedure times were longer in the left approach group. Procedural and in-hospital complications were similar between the two groups. The cumulative clinical outcomes up to 12 months, including mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction, repeat revascularisation, stent thrombosis, and MACE, were similar between the two groups. Conclusions. In this study, despite the procedural efficacy including procedural time and contrast volume were increased in the right artery approach, however, 12-month cumulative clinical outcomes were similar between the two groups.


ABSTRACT Natural fiber reinforced composites are useful in engineering applications as energy saving material due to their light weight. However, the lower mechanical properties limit it service compared to conventional material. Hence, the purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of the natural fiber composites using nano-silica particles. Indian almond fiber-based epoxy composite was manufactured with different quantity of nano-silica. Totally, five materials were fabricated namely E (Epoxy), EI (Epoxy/Indian almond), EIS1 (Epoxy/Indian almond/0.5 wt% silica), EIS2 (Epoxy/Indian almond/1 wt% silica), and EIS3 (Epoxy/Indian almond/2 wt% silica) by conventional hand layup technique. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness were tested. Further, water absorption behavior of the materials was analyzed to understand the dimensional stability of the material. Results showed that EIS3 composite exhibited the higher tensile strength of 77 MPa, flexural strength of 109 MPa, impact strength of 4.31 KJ/m2, and hardness of 93 shore D. Mechanical properties of EIS3 composites were improved due to the reinforcing effect of Indian almond fiber (40 wt%) and nano-silica (2 wt%). Water absorption study showed that the EI composite displayed the maximum water absorption of 14.6% at the soaking time of 6 hours due to hydrophilic tendency of fiber. This investigation concludes that EIS3 composite could be applicable in engineering applications for constructional work owing to its improved performance.


The transformation of learning style involves that of educational ethics,which,characterized by autonomous exploration,communication and cooperation,and practice and experience,is ethically significant in its recognizing of the value of individual development,its advocating of the equal and frank dialogue between teachers and students,and its highlighting of the essence of life and communication.A real transformation of students' learning style can only be achieved on the basis of understanding China's reality of education and teaching and students' actual situation and development levels,and on the basis of reflecting on the conflicts and problems in the process of the transformation.


It is not the aim of the writer to prove or disprove that the attitudes of the Greek philosophers toward industrial arts have any effect upon us today, but only to expose these attitudes and leave the reader to his own interpretation.


The genus Pangaeus contains 23 species, eight have been registered in Mexico, and six of them in Veracruz. Immature stages of P. docilis and P. piceatus were found in remnants of riparian vegetation of the mesophilous forest in La Antigua river basin, Veracruz. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the nymphal and adult stages of Pangaeus species are presented. Information about the biology of Cydnidae and ecological notes are included as well. P. piceatus is a new record for Veracruz and P. docilis is a new record for Mexico.


The present paper reports an electron microscope study of spermatogenesis in Hyriopsis schlegelii, mother mussel of fresh-water pearl in the lake Biwa-ko. In the spermatid the nucleus undergoes profound changes as development proceeds, affect-ing both its form and internal fine structure. A large number of roughly parallel, dense filaments, arranged along the long axis of the nucleus, fuse with each other to form in the end, the homogenous body characteristic of the head of the adult spermatozoa. The nebenkern is. apparently mitochondria) in nature and, in its early development, is similar to that of insects. In the early spermatid, all the mitochondria are collected into a single nebenkern which is. then divided into two spherical bodies. The nebenkern are similar in shape and structure to the original mitochondria and differ only in their large size. In the last stages of develop-ment, the nebenkern divided into five spherical bodies around the axial fibrils of developing-tail flagellum. The axial fibrous components of the tail flagellum is composed of nine peripheral pairs of filaments and a pair of central filaments.


Keratoplasty has definitely its paradoxes. It has been the first successful transplantation in man and is with approx. 100. 000 grafts/year easily the most frequent allograft in human medicine. At the same time it is still the least understood form of transplantation in respect to its biology. It is both, the most successfull as well as probably the most underestimated procedure regarding its risks in clinical transplantation. Indeed, the common assumtion, that corneal transplantation is a safe procedure with good prognosis may have hindered more intensive effort of research in this field. This lecture aims to highlight significant milestones in the rich history of corneal transplantation, and to pay tribute to the many inspired and dedicated individuals involved in the development of keratoplasty. There are still limitations to corneal transplantation, and corneal allograft rejection still poses the greatest challenge to the modern corneal surgeon. Therefore, particular emphasis will be paid to recent efforts and developments to overcome this challenge.


Introduction:
 In current therapy, due to application of combined antiretroviral drugs (cART), HIV related mortality significantly reduced, and AIDS became a chronic disease. Although, cART treatment increases life expectancy of AIDS patients, growing AIDS population suffer due to several organ diseases and heart failure is one of the leading causes of comorbidity and mortality.

 Hypothesis:
 We tested the hypothesis that application of cART induces cardiotoxicity through inhibition of cellular protein quality control (PQC) and dysregulation of mitochondrial function.

 Method and results:
 Cellular protein quality control was analyzed using cardiac tissue samples from HIV+ patients treated with cART and healthy donors. Western blot shows that there is upregulation of autophagy marker protein LC3 II in ART treated heart compared to healthy donor. Additionally, we found that there are abnormalities in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes (OXOPHOS) in the ART treated patient's heart, compared to healthy donor heart. Using neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, we tested the role of ART in cellular PQC and mitochondrial function. Our data shows that cardiomyocytes treated with the cART (Ritonavir+ Atazanavir+ abacavir+ Lamivudine) have increased expression of autophagy proteins LC3 II and P62 and higher level of pELF2α. These suggest that, the cardiomyocytes treated with ART have dysregulation of autophagy and increased ER stress. Further, we found that cardiomyocytes treated with cART have high level of mitochondrial superoxide and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial function detected in whole cells shows that in ART treated cardiomyocytes there is significantly low OCR compared to control cells. Interestingly, application of pharmacological drug rapamycin can improve the cellular PQC and mitochondrial function in ART treated cells.

 Conclusion:
 ART treatment induces cardiotoxicity through inhibition of cellular PQC and dysregulation of mitochondrial function and rapamycin might be important therapeutic drug to reduce the ART mediated cardiotoxicity.


In data mining context, for efficient data analysis recent researchers utilized branch-and-bound methods such as clustering, seriation and feature selection. Traditional cluster search was done with different partitioning schemes to optimize the cluster formation. Considering image data, partitioning approaches seems to be computationally complex due to large data size, and uncertainty of number of clusters. Recent work presented a new version of branch and bound model called model selection problem, handles the clustering issues more efficiently. For model-based clustering problems, to assign data point to appropriate cluster, cluster parameters should be known. Cluster parameters are computed only if the cluster assignments are known. Data point is assigned to the cluster based on most matching model such as Navigation and Cost Model, Segment Representation in SwiftRule and Analytic model. If the problem-specific bounds and/or added heuristics in the data points of the domain area get surmounted, memory overheads, specific model selection, and uncertain data points cause various clustering abnormalities. In addition cluster validity and purity needs to be testified for efficiency of problem-specific bound on certain domain areas of image data clustering. Experimental evaluation on the model selection approach of cluster model shows the improvement in accuracy, computational complexity and execution time, when compared to Navigation and Cost Model, Segment Representation in SwiftRule and Analytic model.


ABSTRACT N,N′-bis(salicylidene)hydrazine cobalt (II) Schiff base complex immobilized on crosslinked polymer support has been prepared by suspension copolymerization of synthesized N,N′-bis(3-allylsalicylidene)hydrazine monomer along with styrene and divinyl benzene using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) and reacting prepared beads with cobalt (II) chloride solution in dimethyl formamide (DMF). The amount of divinyl benzene in suspension copolymerization has controlled the arrangement and the amount of the N,N′-bis(3-allylsalicylidene)hydrazine monomer in the crosslinked polymer beads. The network structure of the polymer beads has significantly controlled the efficiency of complexation of the N,N′-bis(salicylidene)hydrazine Schiff base with cobalt (II) ions. The swelling behavior has also been affected by the amount of crosslinking agent (DVB) used during copolymerization of functionalized monomer. The crosslinked polymer beads prepared with 1.75 mmol of divinyl benzene have shown highest efficiency of complexation (28.50%) and loading capacity (14.58%) for cobalt (II) ions from the solution of cobalt (II) chloride. The density and size of the beads have also varied on varying the concentration of the divinyl benzene in the reaction mixture. The structural information of the polymer supported cobalt (II) Schiff base complex obtained from IR, UV, and magnetic moment (μ) was compared with unsupported cobalt (II) Schiff base complex. The thermal studies have been carried out to determine the application of polymer supported cobalt (II) complex in catalyzing the reactions operating at high temperature. The kinetic investigations on decomposition of hydrogen peroxide recorded with unsupported and supported cobalt (II) Schiff base complex have been used to evaluate the catalytic activity of cobalt (II) complex anchored on polymer support and to estimate the order of reaction with respect to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and cobalt (II) Schiff base complex. The energy of activation for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with polymer anchored cobalt (II) complex has been found to be low (45.95 kJ mol−1) in comparison to the unsupported cobalt (II) complex (66.38 kJ mol−1). Reaction steps for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide have been proposed and a suitable rate expression has been derived.


We study the nonlinear optical response (Rabi oscillations) of bilayer graphene (BLG), in presence optical pump field, in two different cases namely - resonance and off resonance. For resonance case, we used rotating wave approximation (RWA) and for off resonance asymptotic RWA (ARWA), described in an earlier work on monolayer graphene. As in monolayer graphene, here also, anomalous Rabi oscillations are obtained in the population and polarization of the carriers. It has been shown that these oscillations are solely due to the pseudospin character of BLG, in comparison to the pseudospin systems, like conventional semiconductors. Similar to the monolayer graphene, the current density is also determined for BLG which exhibits the crossover from one region to another.


Objective To investigate the value of clinical application of procalcitonin(PCT) and C-reactive protein(CRP) joint detection in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Methods Eighty newborn with neonatal sepsis diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2012 were selected as detection group and detected for levels of PCT and CRP.Eighty normal newborn were simultaneously selected as control group.The levels of PCT and CRP in both groups were respectively compared.Results Levels of PCT and CRP in detection group were significantly higher than those in control group(P 0.05).The comparison of positive rate of PCT and CRP detection in both groups showed statistically significant difference(P 0.05).Conclusion Clinical joint detection of PCT and CRP for newborn with neonatal sepsis can contribute to early diagnosis and observing therapeutic effectiveness of neonatal sepsis,has certain value of clinical application in timely treating and prognosis accessing,and is worth widely clinical applying and promo tion.


The bachelor thesis deals with the importance of functional foods and their positive effects on human health. There is evaluated phytochemical profile of plant Caigua (Cyclanthera pedata L. Schrad), which is attributed a positive effect on reducing high blood cholesterol levels, hypertension or to regulate glucose levels. The thesis also deals with possibility of utilization of plant for the production of functional foods.


An approach is suggested for describing the fracture toughness of relatively tough materials, in particular, low-strength steels. It is shown that the fracture toughness of such materials is characterized by a material scale length L = (Kl~rr) 2 or Llc = (KiclO'g) 2 (K-cohesion modulus, Klc-critical stress intensity factor) not only within the framework of LEFM, but also in the case of large-scale yielding of materials. The critical conditions for crack propagation are formulated in terms Of L(LIc) and are considered for materials of similar plastic properties, e.g. for a wide class of low-strength steels. For such materials the conditions of similarity of fracture are established. Some methods of determination of the L1c temperature dependence in small specimens are considered. The results of such LIc(T) determination for a number of steels (A533 B 1, A302, A517, etc.) are in good agreement with that calculated using direct Ktc measurements and can be used for predicting the fracture toughness values in those ranges where direct measurement of Ktc is practically impossible. The applicability and convenience of the proposed concepts for the estimation of reliability of structures have been illustrated for an example of pressure vessels.


In cryptographic decentralized storage systems, files are split into chunks and distributed across a network of peers. These storage systems encode files using Merkle trees, a hierarchical data structure that provides integrity verification and lookup services. A Merkle tree maps the chunks of a file to a single root whose hash value is the file's content-address. A major concern is that even minor network churn can result in chunks becoming irretrievable due to the hierarchical dependencies in the Merkle tree. For example, chunks may be available but can not be found if all peers storing the root fail. Thus, to reduce the impact of churn, a decentralized replication process typically stores each chunk at multiple peers. However, we observe that this process reduces the network's storage utilization and is vulnerable to cascading failures as some chunks are replicated 10X less than others. We propose Snarl, a novel storage component that uses a variation of alpha entanglement codes to add user-controlled redundancy to address these problems. Our contributions are summarized as follows: 1) the design of an entangled Merkle tree, a resilient data structure that reduces the impact of hierarchical dependencies, and 2) the Snarl prototype to improve file availability and storage utilization in a real-world storage network. We evaluate Snarl using various failure scenarios on a large cluster running the Ethereum Swarm network. Our evaluation shows that Snarl increases storage utilization by 5X in Swarm with improved file availability. File recovery is bandwidth-efficient and uses less than 2X chunks on average in scenarios with up to 50% of total chunk loss.


The velocity trends play an essential role in sub surface interpretation, but the information available in the velocity field can be lost by over smoothing the data set. Over smoothing can result simply by using too gross an interval between velocity sam


Abstract Some potential practical uses of the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride (Cycocel) are reviewed. Published and unpublished data from Egypt, Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Turkey, India and elsewhere covering its field use on wheat, grapevine, peach, apricot, almond, plum, strawberry, mango, cotton, tomato, potato, sweet potato, olive and pepper are summarised and discussed.


To guarantee the bath at a good condition by effective technologies is the key for improving plating quality,increasing efficacy and lowering cost.The technological control method of Nickelex and technology of plating bath purification are briefly discussed,that can give a reference for other technologists in this industry.


Significant cardiovascular change occurs with spaceflight. Loss of normal hydrostatic pressure gradients (head-to-foot), present while upright on earth, results in significant headward fluid shift of vascular and interstitial fluids. The resultant fluid change also shifts the hydrostatic indifference point for the circulation. The persistent distention of neck veins and change in upper body tissue compliance initiates steps to adapt to and compensate for the sensed excess fluid. These result in a loss of intravascular volume through neuro-humoral mechanisms and the presence of a smaller heart size, leading to a state where the subject has a reduced adaptive capacity to stress, particularly to fluid shifts to the lower body as occurs when once again returning to earth. This article reviews what is known about the weightlessness-induced headward fluid shift and its effects on cardiovascular function.


photopolymerization method DTU Orbit (13/12/2018)  Biological features produced by additive manufacturing processes using vat photopolymerization method Bio inspired surfaces have attracted great interest due to their potential applications in different industries by using a variety of structures. The fabrication of microstructures having complex shapes have been developed within the recent decades. This work realizes the direct fabrication of micro biological features by Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. The study characterizes the additive manufacturing processes for polymeric micro part productions using the vat photopolymerization method. A specifically designed vat photopolymerization AM machine suitable for precision printing at the micro dimensional scale has been developed, built and validated. In order to evaluate the AM machine capability a Tokay gecko test part that contains microscale pillars with widened tips was used as benchmark sample. Two main printing parameters were selected for the study: exposure time and layer thickness. In order to select the optimal range of printing parameters, a sensitivity analysis was carried out prior to the final experiment. The print quality was assessed in terms of features heights, tip heights and tip diameters.


The field of insect tissue culture has been the subject of five general reviews since 1958 (43, 65, 103, 105, 114). Furthermore, insect tissue culture has also been covered in more general reviews of invertebrate tissue culture by Jones (115) and by four books since 1970 (141, 163, 220, 254). The latter are compilations of chapters or articles by individual authors and cover a diversity of organisms and subject matters. In addition, there have been a number of specialized reviews that cover specific areas of insect tissue culture. These will be covered with the appropriate subject matter. The subject of insect tissue culture has appeared twice previously in the Annual Review of Entomology (43, 65). One general review has appeared since that time (105), and the reader is referred to these reviews for papers appearing before 1971 and for an historical background. I will try to sum marize and place into perspective some of the most important work done in insect tissue culture during the last seven years since it is impossible to cover all the work in the pages available for this review. I have separated the work into two subdivisions: first, the oldest and most prolific area, organ cultures, their establishment and use in studies of devel opment, physiology, and biochemistry; and the second area, cell cultures, their establishment and use in studies of cell biology. The use of insect cell and organ cultures as substrates for the culture of commensal or parasitic


Past few decades have witnessed huge advancements in the field of Antennas in terms of size, cost, efficiency, bandwidth, losses, power handling capacity and gain. Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) is very latest and very efficient technology in the field of Antennas. It is very small in size, larger bandwidth, low losses, lower cost and very easy to integrate with existing technology. Here an E-shape DRA for Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) application is presented. It is very small in size. Antenna size is 24x24 mm2. We have used a substrate of size 24x24x1.6 mm3 with a 4.4 dielectric constant. We have used a ground plane of size 24x10 mm2. E-shape dielectric that has been used dielectric constant 2.1 and its height is 3 mm. Microstrip line is used as feeding line with dimensions 3x15 mm2. This antenna works best in frequency range of 6.7995-10.933 GHz. Its resonant frequency is 7.6818 GHz. VSWR parameter should be less than 2 within operating frequency range. This can be used in short range tracking, missile guidance, marine radar etc. as it comes mostly in X-band for UWB.


The adsorption m-nitrophenol on XAD-4,NDA-88,NDA-99 and NDA-150 resins was studied.The results of static equilibrium adsorption showed that bifunctional adsorption resins NDA-88 and NDA-99 have a higher adsorption capacity. The adsorption thermodynamics of m-nitrophenol on NDA-88 resin was studied.The results fit well into the Freundlich adsorption isotherm showing that the adsorption capacity goes up when the temperature goes down.The results of dynamic adsorption showed that the adsorption velocity increases with temperature.


Laser induced liquid-phase technique has been widely used to achieve metal films or oxide films on the surface of the semiconductor materials,due to the intensity distribution of the incident laser beam is Gaussian,and the temperature distribution on the surface is like the Gaussian,thickness of the films induced by this technique are asymmetry,and the metal wires widening.So Gaussian beam can't satisfy the needs of laser induced technique.In this paper,we use the result of which a complex filter convert a Gaussian beam into a uniform distribution beam,and simulate the temperature distribution of that physical model,and then we get an ideal uniform distribution of temperature on the surface,that beam converted by Gaussian laser can be applied to laser induced technique.


Solutions of nonhomogeneous systems of linear differential equations with multiple constant delays are explicitly stated without a commutativity assumption on the matrix coefficients. In comparison to recent results, the new formulas are not inductively built, but depend on a sum of noncommutative products in the case of constant coefficients, or on a sum of iterated integrals in the case of time-dependent coefficients. This approach has a potential to be more suitable for applications. Representation of a solution of a Cauchy problem for a system of higher order delay differential equations is also given.


Since the beginning of the human world, man has tried to prove his presence on the earth. Wherever he moved, he left his marks in different forms. Whether he lived in caves, in open spaces or in-built structures, he left evidence in art form, the earliest of which are the cave paintings found in various regions of the world. These transformed into open spaces where man carved and painted images and writings on rock faces and boulders. Although Pakistan provided an early home to such art forms, they have been discovered in Kashmir for the first time and will be revealed in this paper. In the present survey, a great number of rock art sites were found and documented in detail. These rock art sites display the earliest communities who settled down or traveled through the region, highlighting their thoughts, beliefs and practices. The tentative chronology of these rock art sites ranges from Neolithic to Hindu periods, creating an interesting mosaic in the historic profile of Kashmir.


To assess the prognostic value of a wide spectrum of neurohormonal and inflammatory markers along with functional status and exercise capacity, in hospitalized chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with depressive symptoms.


. Effects of interspecific interactions on the organization of two trampled communities, Eragrostio ferrugineae - Plantaginetum asiaticae (EP) and Eleusino indicae - Digitarietum violascentis (ED), were examined by 4-yr field experiments. We compared changes in the relative abundance of the main component species of the communities in monoculture and mixed culture along a trampling gradient. At no trampling in mixed culture, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior and Erigeron annuus (roadside herbs, RH) predominated and excluded the trampled community species. Severe trampling markedly reduced the predominance of these roadside herbs, promoted Eragrostis ferruginea (a perennial grass of EP), but suppressed Eleusine indica (an annual grass of ED). These results suggest that the differentiation of trampled and roadside herb communities under heavy trampling are caused by asymmetric competition between their main species.

Several species pairs showed a constant rank order of relative cover at high trampling levels. Pennisetum alopecuroides (a perennial grass of both RH and EP) and Eragrostis coexisted, indicating symmetric competition. Eragrostis and Plantago asiatica (a perennial herb of EP) or Poa annua (a winter-annual grass of both EP and ED) coexisted through separation in phenology. Eragrostis promoted the survival of Plantago by moderating unpredictable drought (commensalistic positive interaction). This suggests that community composition is maintained by several interspecific interactions.


In this paper, I examine the ethics of nonviolent protest when a violent response is either foreseen or intended. One central concern is whether protesters, who foresee a violent response but persist, are provoking the violence and whether they are culpable for any eventual harms. A second concern is whether it is permissible to publicize the violent response for political advantage. I begin by distinguishing between two senses of the term provoke: a normative sense where a provocateur knowingly imposes an unjustified risk of a violent response, and a descriptive sense where the respondent feels provoked. I argue that, when the risk of a violent response is justified, the protesters are not provocateurs but akin to nonculpable, entrapping agents who create an opportunity for the regime to respond with disproportionate violence. The regime's response can disclose its brutality or criminality, and this can be fairly publicized for political advantage. When nonviolent protesters create an unjustified risk of violence either because the injustice they oppose is insufficient to justify the risk of a violent response or because the risked harms are disproportionate with the likely political advantages derived from the protest, they are partially culpable provocateurs. However, I argue these partially culpable provocateurs can still permissibly publicize the disproportionate violence of the regime so as to shape public opinion.


The t r o c t o l i t e 76535 i s an excep t iona l lunar sample which r e t a i n s evidence of i t s o r i g i n a s a cumulate a t g r e a t e r depths than most known lunar samples ( 1 , 2 ) . A K / A r age of 4.34 AE has been repor ted (3) a f t e r c o r r e c t i o n f o r t r a p ped 4 0 ~ r which was no t produced by i n s i t u decay of 4 0 ~ . The U/Pb sys temat ics a r e d i s t u r b e d , bu t suggest the rock was l a s t i s o t o p i c a l l y e q u i l i b r a t e d a t A . 0 AE ( 4 ) . Rb/Sr sys temat ics a r e a l s o d i s t u r b e d ( 3 ) . Hand-picked coarse plagioc l a s e and "o l iv ine" fragments from 76535 have been n e u t r o n i r r a d i a t e d and t h e Ar i s o t o p i c composit ions analyzed i n d e t a i l e d thermal r e l e a s e experiments t o eva lua te both t h e apparen t 4 0 ~ r 3 9 ~ r age of 76535 and t h e n a t u r e of i t s t r a p ped A r . Both types of fragments have smal l i n c l u s i o n s of o t h e r minerals ( 1 ) . The neutron i r r a d i a t e d p lag ioc lase and o l i v i n e samples repor ted here give t o t a l K / A r ages of 4.23 AE and 4.8 AE, r e s p e c t i v e l y , assuming no trapped 4 0 ~ r . These ages were c a l c u l a t e d from t h e i n t e g r a t e d A r r e l e a s e . Samples of u n i r r a d i a t e d p lag ioc lase and a rock fragment analyzed by Bogard e t a l . (3) g ive t o t a l K / A r ages of 4.40, 4.47 and 4.54 AE r e s p e c t i v e l y , aga in assuming no t rapped 4 0 ~ r . The f a c t t h a t d i f f e r e n t samples of p lag ioc lase give a cons ider a b l e spread i n age (4.23-4.47 AE) could i n d i c a t e v a r i a b l e gas l o s s o r t h e h e t erogeneous d i s t r i b u t i o n of t rapped 4 0 ~ r . The f a c t t h a t t h e o l i v i n e s e p a r a t e g ives a very o ld age of 4.8 AE and t h a t t h e rock fragment g ives an age which i s g r e a t e r t h a n t h e h i g h e s t p l a g i o c l a s e v a l u e suggest t h a t t h e presence of trapped 4 0 ~ r i n a l l samples must be s e r i o u s l y considered. I n t h i s case t h e a c t u a l age could be s i g n i f i c a n t l y l e s s than 4.23 AE. The ques t ion of a t r a p ped component i n t h i s rock was d i scussed by Bogard e t a l . (3) who i n f e r r e d a trapped A r r a t i o of 4 0 ~ r / 3 6 ~ r = 37. Use of t h i s r a t i o t o c o r r e c t f o r t rapped 4 0 ~ r would lead t o a c o r r e c t e d age of 4.14 AE f o r t h e n e u t r o n i r r a d i a t e d plagi o c l a s e . I n o rder t o a s s e s s t h e e f f e c t s of trapped A r , t h e apparent age and K/Ca obta ined by d i f f e r e n t i a l r e l e a s e a r e shown i n f i g . 1 and 2 f o r t h e plagi o c l a s e and "ol iv ine" wi th no c o r r e c t i o n f o r t rapped A r . The p l a g i o c l a s e apparent age p la teau wi thout c o r r e c t i o n f o r t rapped 4 0 ~ r seems r e l a t i v e l y w e l l def ined a t 4.23 AE throughout l a r g e p a r t s of t h e A r r e l e a s e . No value i s g r e a t e r than 4.28 AE. The age of 4.23 AE i s s i g n i f i c a n t l y younger than t h e previously repor ted age of 4.34 AE obta ined by c o r r e c t i n g f o r t h e trapped ''Ar. This age i s comparable t o r e s u l t s s i m i l a r l y determined on o t h e r c a t a c l a s t i c , a n o r t h o s i t i c fragments which a r e i n t e r p r e t e d t o provide the ages of major metamorphic even t s on t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e ( 4 ) . No c l e a r evidence f o r t h e s e ' e v e n t s i s appar~ent i n Pb/U and Rb/Sr i s o t o p i c sys temat ics . High r e s o l u t i o n i n t h e A r r e l e a s e from the p l a g i o c l a s e r e v e a l s s i g n i f i c a n t apparent age v a r i a t i o n s which would be obscured by t h e usua l procedures. The age spectrum d i p s t o a lower value of 4.12 AE a t 1 0 0 0 ~ ~ and then aga in t o 4.08 AE over 1225-1325O~ a ~ d then i n c r e a s e s t o 4.28 AE a t t h e h i g h e s t temperatures . The age v a r i a t i o n s a r e gene r a l l y p a r a l l e l e d by v a r i a t i o n s i n K/Ca, p a r t i c u l a r l y over 1225-1325'~. The age spectrum of t h e o l i v i n e i s ve ry anomalous. Apparent ages a r e i n i t i a l l y l a r g e , decrease t o a minimum a t 3.9 AE and then i n c r e a s e t o t h e extremely o l d value of 8.7 AE. It i s p o s s i b l e t h a t t h e age v a r i a t i o n s i n both p lag ioc lase and "o l iv ine" may be exper imental a r t i f a c t s , bu t i t i s more reasonable t h a t both age s p e c t r a a r e a f f e c t e d by trapped 4 0 A r , a s suggested by previous work


ABSTRACT Introduction Open surgery for tumor thrombi in atria is very challenging and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Here, we explore safety of foleys catheter assisted-technique, obviating the need for open surgery. Material and Methods We performed Radical nephrectomy via the midlineincision for renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium. CTVS team was kept in standby all the time. Intra-operative ECHO was used for monitoring any migration of thrombi into pulmonary. Vessels. Results Mean duration of surgery was roughly 4 hours. The time of total IVC occlusion was 2 minutes. The total blood loss was 2350 ml. Intraoperative ECHO showed complete removal of tumor thrombi. Conclusions This procedure can be performed in high risk patients with solitary large tumor thrombi.


It is discussed that the waste liquor of pharmacy pollutes and harms on environment. The oxidative ability and effect of the different oxidizers are compared with treating the waste liquor of pharmacy respectively in this experiment. In addition,the influence of the quality and production on the zinc oxide is studied by the quantity of the sodium hypochlorite and pH of the solution,the time of calcination on zinc carbonate basic. That the operating condition of treating the waste liquor of pharmacy and the process of recovering zinc oxide are decided. It has certain reference value with regard to the environmental protection and the utilization of natural resources.


Steganography is the art of passing information in a manner that the very existence of the message is unknown. The goal of steganography is to avoid drawing suspicion to the transmission of a hidden message. If suspicion is raised, then this goal is defeated. In this paper a novel method for embedding messages in an image with increased capacity is proposed. Discrete Walsh Transform is used to increase the capacity of the cover image without any perceptible change in the stego image.


Contributions of different land and ocean regions to the diurnal variation of the global electric circuit are simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model by estimating the ionospheric potential produced by thunderstorms and electrified shower clouds in each grid column. The model predicts that contributions from land regions have maxima at about 14:00–18:00 local time (LT), whereas contributions from oceans have maxima at about 2:00–6:00 LT, and different ocean regions show nearly the same relative diurnal variation. It is remarkable that contributions from ocean regions with many islands (Maritime Continent and Middle America) have maxima at both 14:00–18:00 and 2:00–6:00 LT.


Materials and methods: From January 2012 to July 2016, 300 cardiac patients underwent evaluation following a cardiothoracic intervention. In a supine position, palpation was conducted on the pelvic floor, the respiratory diaphragm, the thoracic outlet, the buccal floor and the cerebellar tentorium. The evaluation was undertaken on the first day of recovery in the ward. Rating scales were conducted such as the VAS, the walking test and the air life, an instrument for measuring the volume of air inhaled.


A 26‐yr-old male patient was referred to the outpatient clinic with a history of recurrent respiratory infections since 8 yrs of age and a daily productive cough with purulent sputum. He related nasal sneezing, hoarseness and wheezing episodes to weather changes and exposure to dusts andchemicals. Dyspnoea on exertion was present during exacerbations. He had never smoked and denied any family history of respiratory disease. Physical examination was unremarkable.

A chest radiograph (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓) and later a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest (figs 3⇓ and 4⇓) were ordered. Pulmonary function tests showed a forced vital capacity (FVC) of 3.16 L (66% of predicted), a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 2.21 L (55% pred), a FEV1/FVC of 0.70 (83% pred) and a forced mid‐expiratory flow of 1.51 (33% pred). There was no response …


Phylogenetic relationships among animal populations and species commonly have been inferred from patterns of variation observed within a single gene system, most often the mitochondrial genome. Analysis of restriction site variation in the mitochondrial DNA of two species of white‐eye (Zosterops lateralis and Z. lutea) in Australia produced a single gene tree that does not accurately represent the organismal tree. In contrast, patterns of variation at two anonymous, single‐copy nuclear DNA loci revealed a phylogeography consistent with traditional classification of the species. Discordance between mitochondrial DNA and single‐copy nuclear DNA variation is probably the result of past hybridization between Z. lateralis and Z. lutea, evidence of which has been lost from the nuclear genome by recombination. This study provides a clear empirical demonstration that single gene genealogies cannot be assumed to accurately represent the true phylogenies, and emphasizes the need for composite genetic analyses.


Fire equipment has high wear due to the act of numerous negative factors. The article puts forward a design of anti-wear lubricating composition containing the salts of thesoft metals and presents the tribotechnical characteristics of lubricating composition. The lubricating composition permits to reduce fire equipment wear and improve its reliability.


Cr3+-doped LiSrAlF6 (Cr:LiSAF) has been demonstrated to be a useful laser material in a variety of laser configurations and systems. Cr:LiSAF has been pumped by both flashlamps and laser diodes, can be Q-switched, and has been demonstrated to tune from 780 nm to beyond 1 pm.1-3 The relatively large emission cross section and the strong and broad absorption features have contributed to the utility of the material. In addition, the thermomechanical properties have been judged to be adequate, and the thermal lensing is expected to be low.4


A bivariate extreme value distribution function (EV) G with reversed exponential marginals can be represented as G(x, y) = exp((x + y)D(y/(x + y))), x,y ≤ 0, where D: [0,1] → [½,1] is the dependence function. The corresponding generalized Pareto distribution function (GP) is W(x,y) = 1 + (x + y)D(y/(x + y)) if (x + y)D(y/(x + y)) > -1. We discuss some applications of the Pickands coordinates of (x, y) including estimators of the dependence function D and their asymptotic distributions in the GP model and in the EV model. The concept of bivariate δ-neighbourhoods of GPs is introduced and together with a characterization of the Marshall-Olkin dependence function in terms of a differential equation for D(z) at z = ½, we define a goodness-of-fit test for the δ-neighbourhood of the Marshall-Olkin GP.


Copper auto-packaging production line is large metallurgical automated packaging equipment. The copper auto-packaging production line control system for production process and control systems components was described,the diagram of the system hardware design and software programming methods were given, and a control system was successfully developed.After the practical application of this system,the advanced and reliable system design,operation and stability were proved.Design ideas can be extended to other packaging plate metallurgical industry,with some reference value.


The construct "attitude toward seeking professional psychological help" is a central theme in the literature related to psychological help-seeking behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate the attitudes of preservice teachers toward seeking psychological help. Data was collected from 144 university students from the Faculty of Education. Construct was assessed using the abbreviated Turkish form of the scale "Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help (ASPH)". Differences in levels of attitude towards psychological help with respect to gender, hometown categories (city center, county, town, village), provinces' development level (operational classification made by SPO (State Planning Organization) and the personal educational history of the students regarding psychological help (course, seminar, conference etc.). A general pattern of reluctance was illustrated. The results and future implications are discussed.


This project seeks to provide an alternative degree economically cheap and friendly to the environment, in order to increase water quality standards for human consumption in rural populations in 1000, 2000 and 3000 inhabitants in Ecuador, thus avoiding number of infectious diseases, seeking the welfare of the population and a healthy lifestyle that allows the normal evolutionary development of its people, especially children, since water being a vital element, resulting in overall living conditions and promising future not only in rural communities but the entire country.


A workflow customization model for a collaborative Software-as-a-Service(SaaS) platform of industrial chains was proposed based on the mapping between workflow with operation and the custom relationship between the enterprise groups with workflow.A drive rule and a load and control mode of the workflow model were proposed to provide the dynamic load based on the identities of users.The proposed method was validated by the workflow customization on out application of the after service of automobile parts industrial chains,which showed that it met the needs of workflow customization on the collaborative SaaS platform of industrial chains.


Three new models of acceleration profile (a two-term sinusoidal, a three-term sinusoidal, and a polynomial model) are described. These models yield the S-shaped speed-time trace indicated by data from driving in real-life traffic conditions, satisfy the realistic conditions of zero jerk (except the two-term sinusoidal model) and zero acceleration at the start and end of the acceleration, and allow for the position and the value of the maximum acceleration to vary for a given average acceleration rate. A comparative evaluation of these three models and the previously known constant and linear-decreasing acceleration models is reported. The evaluation criteria are distance traveled and fuel consumed during acceleration. The performances of the five models are compared under three sets of conditions: acceleration time and distance known, time known but distance unknown, and both time and distance unknown. The comparisons are made separately for central business district (CBD), other urban and nonurban traffic conditions. The polynomial model has been found to be the best overall for predicting acceleration distance and fuel consumption. Similar results have been found for deceleration profiles. Dependence of fuel consumption on acceleration rate and profile is also discussed. Suggestions for further work using the results of this report are included.


RECENTLY electronystagmography has enjoyed increased attention both at university centers and in private practice. A few clinical advantages of this method of diagnosis will be considered.


The antimalaric drug artemisinin (QHS) is believed to operate through a mechanism initiated with the cleavage of its endoperoxidic bond induced by transition metal ions. An ESR investigation of the reaction of QHS with human serum in the presence of two spin trapping agents has led to the detection of spin adducts of carbon-centred radicals. Experiments carried out replacing the human serum with iron(II) salts led to the observation of the same spin adducts, thus supporting previous suggestions that alsoin vivo the drug operatesvia a radical-based mechanism. UV irradiation of QHS also led to the trapping of transient free radicals.


Introduction If the Earth could communicate to its residents, a warning scripted on the clouds might read: Adapt, Mitigate or Die. With increasing evidence for the human contribution to increased carbon dioxide emissions and climate change, foresight and action are critical to evade an uninhabitable environment for future generations. The first part of this paper presents evidence supporting human-influenced climate change and its effects on crops and human health. Strategies by which the world's populace can adapt to a warmer environment or mitigate (lessen) the negative impact of climate change are found in the second part. Emphasis is placed on mitigation since effective mitigation strategies could decrease the need for adapting to higher global temperatures. 1.0 Brief overview of climate change research The complex, interactive array of the atmosphere, land surface, snow, ice, oceans, lakes and all living things forms the Earth's climate system. What is known today about this system comes from the work of literally thousands of scientists over the span of three centuries. As early as the 1800s, British scientist John Tyndall (NASA 2009) suggested that the atmosphere gasses, specifically carbon dioxide (C[O.sub.2]), affected the earth's temperature. Later in the 19th century, Svante Arrhenius from Stockholm published the first calculation of global warming attributed to human emissions of carbon dioxide (Arrhenius 1896, 237-76). Four decades later, Guy Stewart Callendar presented evidence to the London-based Royal Meteorological Society that burning fossil fuels caused global warming (Callendar 1938, 223-240). First to confirm the accumulation of C[O.sub.2], Charles David Keeling measured C[O.sub.2] emissions atop the volcanic peak on Mauna Loa in Hawaii for almost 50 years (Scripps n.d). Data from Mauna Loa have often been called the "Keeling Curve," a symbol of the impact of human activity on planet Earth. For readers wanting a more in-depth history of climate change research, The Discovery of Global Warming (2003) by Spencer R. Weart is recommended. Since these initial discoveries, researchers from the physical, biological, and social sciences have exponentially increased knowledge about climate change and its effects on the Earth. As evidence accumulated, it became evident that climate change findings needed to be placed into the hands of decision-makers and government leaders. In 1988, global organizations of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) created the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Wean 2003). This Panel was mandated to provide an objective source of information about climate change. Since its origination, IPCC has prepared scientifically based reports about climate change and its impact on the planet and its inhabitants, in addition to strategies for adapting to a warmer environment and mitigating the increase in global temperatures. For the non- scientist reader, a user-friendly edition of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report is available in Dire Predictions--Understanding Global Warming (Mann and Kump 2008). Efforts of climate scientists from around the world and IPCC have not gone unnoticed. In 2007, IPCC and Al Gore, Jr. were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures needed to counteract such change" (IPCC n.d.). At the March 10-12th International Scientific Congress meeting (ISC 2009) on climate change in Copenhagen, Denmark, the key message was that the worse-case IPCC scenario climatic trends are being realized sooner than expected. Global average surface temperature, sea-level rise, ocean and ice sheet changes, ocean acidification and extreme climatic events have moved beyond the patterns of natural variability and are at risk for abrupt or irreversible climatic shifts. …


Measurements have been made of the brightness distribution of a densely overcast sky when the ground was covered with snow. The distribution proved to be moze uniform than has been reported for normal ground conditions.

The distribution was found to be somewhat asymmetric, which may have been due to differences in cloud thickness or to the local influence of inter-reflections between the base of the cloud and the ground below.

The averaged data were found to be represented with reasonable accuracy by the empirical formula: Bθ = 1/2 BZ (1 + cos θ) where Bθ = brightness of the sky at zenith angle θ and BZ = brightness of the sky at the zenith.

The reflection factor of the snow was measured and found to be 80 per cent.


Since the literature relating to the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the double‐tapered wedge beams carrying multiple point masses is rare, the object of this paper is to present some information in this aspect. First of all, the closed‐form solutions in terms of the Bessel functions for the natural frequencies and normal mode shapes of the 'bare' wedge beams (without carrying any point masses) were determined. Next, the partial differential equation of motion for the 'loading' wedge beams (carrying any number of point masses) were transformed into the matrix equation by using the expansion theorem and the foregoing natural frequencies and normal mode shapes of the 'bare' wedge beam. Finally, the eigenvalue equation associated with the last matrix equation was solved to give the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the 'loading' wedge beams. The formulation of this paper is available for the solid and hollow wedge beams with square, rectangular or circular cross sections. In other words, the taper ratio for the width and that for the depth may be equal or unequal. All the numerical results were compared with the existing literature or the conventional finite element method results and good agreement was achieved. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We consider a dynamically reconfigureable network where dynamically changing traffic is offered. Rearrangement and adjustment of network capacity can be performed to maintain Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for different traffic classes in the dynamic traffic environment. In this work, we consider the case of a single, dynamic traffic class scenario in a loss mode environment. We have developed a numerical, analytical tool which models the dynamically changing network traffic environment using a time-varying, fluid-flow, differential equation; of which we can use to study the impact of adaptive capacity adjustment control schemes. We present several capacity adjustment control schemes including schemes which use blocking and system utilization as means to calculate when and how much adjustment should be made. Through numerical studies, we show that a purely blocking-based capacity adjustment control scheme with a preset adjustment value can be very sensitive to capacity changes and can lead to network instability. We also show that schemes, that uses system utilization as a means to calculate the amount of capacity adjustment needed, is consistently stable for the load scenarios considered. Finally, we introduce a minimum time interval threshold between adjustments, which can avoid network instability, in the cases where the results showed that capacity adjustment had been performed too often. key words: Dynamic Traffic, Adaptive Capacity Control, FluidFlow Differential Equation, Network Stability.


Aluminium iodide, prepared from dry aluminium foil and iodine, in acetonitrile is shown to convert bicyclic ketals in the 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane series into a cyclohexenone and a substituted pyridine in one step. Details of the structural analysis are discussed. The role of the 1,5-diketone as intermediate for the formation of the cyclohexenone and the pyridine from the bicyclic ketal was secured by subjecting the isolated diketone to various reaction conditions.


Temperature is one of the key factors that affect the reliability of electronic circuits.Therefore,it is quite necessary to perform thermal design for switching-mode power supply(SMPS).The importance of thermal analysis of electronic system is elaborated,and technical characteristics of thermal design software are described.And finally,thermal simulation of an actual SMPS circuit using Flotherm is presented based on EDA tools in Flomerics.


The article presents a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of identity in the context of psychological and pedagogical understanding of the importance of building and development of urban identity as a component of Krasnoyarsk social environment. By means of psychological methods and a sociological survey, the degree of urban identity of the Siberian Federal University students was investigated and compared with other types of social identity and its impact on social attitudes and the basic values in the urban environment.


540 non-immune Lohmann breeding eggs were divided into nine groups.There were 60 breeding eggs in each group.They were hatched in the same place at the same time.All embryos were inoculated with NDV at 9,10 and 11days old with different dosage at each group.The dose-effect relationship of chick embryo allantoic fluid was observed.The results showed:the volume of allantoic fluid was significantly affected by inoculation dosage.There was negative correlation between them.Inoculation dosage had no significant effect on allantoic fluid agglutination titer.


Background Standard chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with preexisting interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not yet been established. Although a combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel is most frequently used for patients with advanced NSCLC and ILD, the safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) are yet to be elucidated. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for advanced NSCLC with ILD. Methods This retrospective study included nine patients with advanced NSCLC and ILD who received carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy at the National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center between April 2013 and December 2017. The ILD-GAP index was used to evaluate mortality risk of baseline ILD. Results A usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of ILD was observed in five (55.6%) patients on their baseline high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. The median ILD-GAP index was 4 (range, 1–5), and six (66.7%) patients had ILD-GAP index ≥4. We observed no ILD exacerbations or chemotherapy-related deaths. The overall response and disease control rates were 77.8% (95% CI, 40.0–97.2) and 88.9% (95% CI, 51.8–97.2), respectively. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 5.8 months (95% CI, 2.1–7.7) and 8.0 months (95% CI, 2.6–16.8), respectively. Conclusions Carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel showed favorable safety and efficacy in patients who had advanced NSCLC and ILD with a high risk of mortality. Prospective studies are required to further confirm these results.