The author presents a short overview concerning eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) introduction in different European countries, including the period of early extension in forest culture until the first blister rust crisis occurred. The species rehabilitation at the European level and the new extension between 1927 and 1972 years period in different countries, particularly in Romania, was presented. Most of the data incorporated here were taken over from the monograph of the senior author's of this paper. However, parts of the newly acquired results in our country were taken in to account, as well. Finally, the fruitful international scientific cooperation, in favor of P. strobus, including that with I.U.F.R.O was highlighted


Lection notes which were prepared in October 2013 but still remain unpublished. The work touches upon the major threats and challenges that stand before the modern state, law, society and dominant views on these phenomena. Its key points are 1) the move made by the nation-states towards an extraordinary law-making and law-enforcement policy, and 2) the process of the so-called "relativization of law" (a situation under which a maxim laid into a norm ceases to be truly general and acts differently in relation to different persons, however such difference is not stipulated by the norm).


Based on a model described earlier, the time trend of incidence, mortality, prevalence, duration of medical care and 5-years survival rate is calculated for the following malignant neoplasms of female population in the G.D.R.: breast, uterine cervix , corpus uteri and chorionephithelioma (combined), and rectum (ICD 8th, revision Nos. 174, 180, 181/182, 154). Calculated rates agree quite well with published observations. The results support the assumption that care of cancer patients could be improved between 1962 and 1972. Some suggestions for further development of cancer control are discussed.


Based on the conviction that the arts as integrated into education can transform both teaching and learning, the artist/teachers who contributed to this book describe the effects of bringing arts into prisons, small rural communities in The Far East and Africa, public school classrooms, and teacher preparation in universities and in community arts organizations. Their stories describe how the arts overcome deep-seated conflicts, build skills and confidence, and empower and enliven participants. This book is for educators on all levels - teacher educators and prospective teachers, artists whose work touches on social issues, activists committed to social change, community-based arts organizations, and all who work for justice and equity in any arena. These stories bring hope for the future, as slowly, slowly, change is taking place.


Bi-directionally (BD) reinforced composites enjoy the combination of benefits of best possible enhancement in mechanical properties in two directions, enhanced tribo-performance, ease in processing, etc. Polyetherimide (PEI) is a promising specialty thermoplastic polymer with very good mechanical and thermal properties. Studies are focused on the composites using carbon fabric (CF) as a reinforcement and high performance thermoplastic polyetherimide (PEI) as a matrix. Based on impregnation technique three composites viz. P, T and S were fabricated using three different weaves viz. plain (P'), twill (T') and satin 4H (S'), respectively, keeping the fabric content constant (55% by vol.). Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based high strength carbon fabric (plain weave) reinforced polyetherimide (PEI) composites were fabricated using impregnation technique by selecting 55 vol.% contents of carbon fabric. These bidirectional (BD) composites were evaluated for their tribological behavior in adhesive wear mode. Tests were conducted at various operating parameters such as load, velocity and orientation of fabric with respect to the sliding plane. Wear mechanism studies by SEM supported the observed wear performance of composites.


The Maracaibo estuary in western Venezuela receives on its northern extreme rivers from the northeastern branch of the Andean range, discharging in a region characterized by semi-arid climate, with rainfall below 500 mm. We describe a 27 ha mangrove dominated by Rhizophora mangle with a structural development beyond that expected for semi-arid climates (average diameter 41.9 cm, basal area 31.5 m 2 ha -1 ), overmature, with scarce regeneration. The forest is isolated from larger mangrove areas at the lower mouth of the Limon River and in Los Olivitos swamp. The trade winds occasionally upturn large trees during the dry season. Interstitial water salinity during the dry season was moderate (12-20 ‰), associated with leaf sap osmolalities from 1100-1300 mmol kg -1 . Avicennia germinans individuals at the terrestrial border had osmolalities above 2000 mmo kg -1 . Avicennia and Conocarpus erectus accumulated Mg (Mg/Ca molar ratios aprox. 17), and had higher Na/K ratios than those of Rhizophora and Laguncularia racemosa, because they grow on the outermost belt of the forest with lower frequency


• Estimated 2 mM wattage had a strong correlation (r=0.872) to 2000 meter time trial average wattage. This demonstrates the value of using AerT testing to predict performance. • At 20 strokes/minute, estimated 2 mM wattage was 7% higher (mean = 223.1) than the formerly used prescribed wattages based on 2000 meter test average wattage (mean = 208.5). Difference = 14.5; 95% Confidence Interval = 7.04 (p = 0.05). This indicates that the previous method of prescribing steady-state training intensity based only on 2000 meter test results was inducing sub-AerT training for this population. • Based on our regression analysis, HR is a powerful indicator of AerT performance and may be used to track training or to potentially estimate athletes' 2 mM wattages without the need for BLa testing. • The protocol used here may be an effective tool for rowing programs in periodically assessing and tracking their athletes' aerobic fitness, prescribing high-volume training intensity and predicting 2000 meter test performance. • Further studies to validate these results and enhance the methodology are recommended. Using a Periodic Aerobic Threshold Test for Long-Term Performance Tracking and Training Prescription in Male University Rowers


Artists Sarah Cole and Anne Eggebert present their works Chigwell Row Wood, Nest, and Folly to critically reassess the interface between reproduction and reception in the construction of the contemporary landscape. Ancient managed woodland, a Basildon primary school, and Valentines Mansion historic house and gardens were their starting points; reflecting on these works the artists considered how their engagement with suburban landscape negotiates issues of participation in, and production of, socio-aesthetic landscape through dialogic processes and the capturing of performative responses to community, place and space.

A man reflects upon his feral childhood whilst sitting amongst recently lopped forest trees, a mother writes words with soil upon the gymnasium floor, and a young man flies across the photographic plane, a freerunner challenging the surfaces of the historic folly.

Taking the example of Flatford Mill, they consider how the landscape image (Constable's paintings) mediates and reproduces the 'real' worked environment – requiring of the visitor a certain complicity of performance and visualisation of place. These reflections form the basis of their presentation; on how the recently restored historic leisure landscape of Valentines Mansion might be understood through the emergence of new modes of spectatorship, performed in response to contemporary ways of seeing.


The Akhbdr al-dawlah al- c Abbāsiyyah is a major source of information in any understanding of the c Abbāsid revolution. However, one critically important passage in it that describes the initial eruption and the steps leading up to it has been misunderstood and has given rise to an erroneous perception of the exact strategy of Abu Muslim in regard to the role Marw played vis-a-vis the outlying districts of Khurasan. Once the meaning of this key section of the text is clarified, a proper appreciation of the precise sequence of events follows and the highly significant role of the Iranian populace in this revolt becomes quite obvious.


Abstract The thought of Wilfrid Sellars has figured prominently in recent discussions of the relationship between naturalism and normativity. On the one hand, some have appealed to Sellars' philosophy in defence of the thesis that what he called the normative 'space of reasons' is in some sense sui generis and irreducible to the natural causal order described by the natural sciences. On the other hand, others have exploited equally central aspects of Sellars' philosophy in defence of the seemingly incompatible project of attempting to give an exhaustive scientifically naturalist account of mind and meaning, and perhaps of the nature of normativity itself. I contend that what Sellars described as 'the Janus‐faced character of languagings as belonging to both the causal order and the order of reasons' (Naturalism and Ontology) is the key to understanding his normative and pragmatist variety of naturalism. Sellars saw himself as having articulated a detailed philosophical perspective within which the normative aspects of meaning, knowledge, truth, and representation are themselves opened up, in principle, to naturalistic explanation.


he widespread use by governmental agencies and private firms of Geographic Information Systems (GIs) for planning, regulatory, or facilities management purposes has led to an increased demand for thematic maps depicting land use and land cover (LULC). Because of inadequate funding, time, or training, these maps are often produced with inadequate quantification and documentation of their thematic accuracy. The Southwest Florida Water Management District is currently in the process of developing Lu/LC maps as part of its GIs database development effort. Presented here is a description of automated sample generation methods developed at the District using GIs techniques, results of statistical evaluation of these sample data, and the field experiences and person-hour requirements associated with the accuracy assessment of the LULC data. The methodology presented here, though applied to LULC maps photo interpreted from color infrared photography, is equally applicable to many other types of thematic mapping.


During the past few years, Zewail (1) and others (2, 3) have reported a remarkable series of advances that unlock the inherent time resolution in EM by introducing a laser-excited photocathode to produce timed pulses of electrons in the microscope in synchronism with a pump laser that interacts with the specimen. These experiments use variable pump-probe delays to measure the temporal evolution of the specimen after the pump excitation. If the electron-probe pulses are short and limited in intensity, then they will each contain essentially one electron, producing a well-defined single-electron wave packet scattering in the specimen. This single-electron picture provides the foundation for interpretation of high-resolution spatial information in lateral x–y directions averaged over the specimen thickness (4). In this experiment, temporal resolution depends on the length of the wave packet in the z direction and its velocity.


Conclusions. Proteases in fungi interact with nasal epithelial cells and enhance the production of inflammatory cytokines in vitro. These cytokines induced the migration of eosinophils and neutrophils. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) might also play a role in the process of epithelial cell activation. Objective. The nasal epithelium is the first barrier encountered by airborne allergens and an active participant in airway inflammation. Fungi have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens in sinusitis and consist of several allergenic proteins. Materials and methods. Nasal polyp epithelial cells were obtained from patients and stimulated with Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) were measured to determine the activation of epithelial cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR) for PAR mRNA expression in nasal epithelial cells was performed. Eosinophil and neutrophil migration was induced with nasal polyp epithelial cells conditioned media (HPECM). Results. Fungi enhanced the production of chemical mediators from nasal epithelial cells. When nasal epithelial cells were activated with fungi, PAR2 and PAR3 mRNAs were more strongly expressed than in nonactivated cells. Eosinophil migration was induced by RANTES and eotaxin, and neutrophil migration was induced by IL-8 in HPECM.


Policy environment,social environment,trade environment,market environment and competitive strength about small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprise of the environmental protection equipment are analyzed,thus,developmental strategy and allocating resources for implementation of developmental strategy about small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprise of the environmental protection equipment are pointed out in the paper.


The absence of a protective effect of BETA -aminoethylisothiuronium Br. HBr (AET) during irradiation of cells of Ehrlich-s ascites tumour is determined by the pH value of the medium containing these cells. Mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG), a derivative of aminoethylisothiuronium, protects the cells of Ehrlich's ascites tumour. The protective action of mercaptoethylguanidine during irradiation of Ehrlich's ascites tumour is realized at a later time than is the protection of the cells of normal tissues. (auth)


The name of Democritus can claim a place in any discussion of indivisibles. Yet its introduction in this paper seems to depend on the lucus a non lucendo principle; for Democritus did not believe in the existence of indivisible lines. Nowhere is the belief ascribed to him and in at least one place it is implicitly denied, the scholion on De Caelo 268a 1, which says he made his elements indivisible solids, as contrasted with lines or surfaces. Two passages, one from Plutarch, the other from Simplicius, will show why he could not believe in indivisible lines.


This paper examined the relationship between human exposure to toxicological factors in the environment arising from gas flares and the development of various human health related conditions. The impact of environmental factors was investigated at four stations set up concentrically around Agbada II flow station, for a period of nine months (May, 2007 – January, 2008) and sampling was performed manually across the four stations on an hourly basis. The analytical program was done in line with WMO recommendations. Parameters investigated include particulates and gases. Mean particulate concentrations in rainy season across all sites ranged from 0.4 ± 0.4ig/m3 in June to 25 ± 5.4ig/m3 in May. Concentration levels of particulates were excessive in the months of December and January, exceeding allowable regulatory limits for TSP, PM10 and PM7 across all stations. Mean concentration levels of gases in both wet and dry seasons were within allowable regulatory limits. Analysis of medical records showed a greater frequency of disease types such as Asthma, Cough, breathing difficulty, eye/skin irritation in (Igwuruta/Umuechem), the study area with a long history of gas flaring compared to Ayama with no flaring history. These subset of diseases accounted for 22.4% and 5.9% (a 4 to 1 ratio) of all cases reported at the respective health centers. The high level of particulates in the dry season constitutes a greater short-term exposure risk to residents and workers with the particular risk of respiratory irritation, itching/eye irritation and cough being endemic in the area surrounding the flare.


Busy, complex railway stations that serve as origin and termination points for a significant proportion of trains are essential to regional railway networks. Resolving conflicts between arrival–departure operations and shunting operations of cross-line trains and originating or terminating passenger trains in the throat area is important for safety in these multidirectional stations. The main task of this paper is to study the train platforming problem, and we consider the integration of track and route allocation with shunting route allocation on the basis of the traditional TTP problem, so as to formulate a strong anti-interference track allocation plan for busy, complex railway stations. Therefore, in view of the complex characteristics of train operation in busy, complex railway stations, we extensively examine the technical operational characteristics of various trains in multidirectional stations, which are the key constraints of the model, and establish a mixed-integer linear programming model. This model aims to balance the buffer time for track occupation and optimize the routing and scheduling of trains in stations. Furthermore, an improved genetic algorithm is proposed to effectively implement the developed model. In the case study of Guangzhou Station, the occupation analysis after the optimization of the method in this paper indicates that the shunting operations significantly interfere with arrival–departure operations in throat areas. The optimization of buffer times and track utilization times resulted in notable reductions of 30.55% and 77.82%, respectively, in quadratic differences. These outcomes provide empirical evidence supporting the feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm for addressing train platforming problems, particularly in complex, multidirectional, and heavily trafficked railway stations.


Chinese herbal formulas that contain Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, ephedra) have been used safely for two millennia, primarily as anti-asthmatics. They remain in widespread use today in China, Japan and Taiwan, without reported adverse effects. The use of a non-traditional combination of ephedra and caffeine in weight loss products by a susceptible demographic led to the observation of a possible association with cardiovascular toxicity and hepatotoxicity, leading to ephedra's ban in the United States in 2004. This paper reviews the scientific information available about ephedra and proposes mechanisms for the observed adverse effects when it is combined with caffeine. The author also proposes adding obesity and Metabolic Syndrome to the list of cautions and possibly contraindications to the use of Ma Huang. By: Bahia Al-Salihi


It improves the contraction principle on random series and use the result to study the convergence of B-valued Dirichlet series.At last,it applies the criterion of convergence of H-valued random series to abtain a good result.


In order to perform innovative design rapidly and effectively,and to accelerate innovative product design process with advanced technologies,the Computer Aided Innovation(CAI)was integrated with Axiomatic Design(AD)and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ),and a computer-aided axiomatic design system model integrating TRIZ was proposed.The aspects TRIZ methods integrated in AD framework was extended to simplify design process and obtain innovative design results.A fuzzy design scheme evaluation method based on the information axiom was presented to improve the implementation of AD in design evaluation.The theory of fuzzy mathematics was employed to quantify evaluation indices,promote application of AD in scheme evaluation and provide a scientific basis for decision-making.Finally,aprototype system implementing the proposed model was developed.And the case study of the structure improvement of a parking mechanism demonstrated the validity and practicability of the system.


Meningiomas are the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system, with ~28,000 new diagnoses annually in the United States1. Currently, there are no approved systemic therapies for meningiomas that recur following local treatment: chemotherapy and hormonal agents have demonstrated minimal benefit in numerous clinical trials2–4.

Meningioma comprises a heterogeneous group of neoplasms driven by mutations in a wide array of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes5–17. Characterization of these mutations has revealed opportunities for rational therapy18–20. For example, a durable therapeutic response has been reported for a metastatic AKT1(E17K)-mutant meningioma treated with a pan-AKT inhibitor.21

Studies also suggest the potential for treating meningioma with immune checkpoint modulators22–24: programmed death receptor 1 ligand (PD-L1) is expressed in a subset of meningiomas and the tumor microenvironment is immunosuppressive22–28. Higher-grade meningiomas also harbor mutations predicted to generate neoantigens, which may foster susceptibility to immunotherapies29.

Based on these data, we initiated a phase II study of nivolumab, a humanized IgG4 PD-1 blocking monoclonal antibody, in patients with higher-grade meningiomas that recurred following surgery and radiotherapy ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02648997","term_id":"NCT02648997"}}NCT02648997). We report here a patient with an atypical meningioma that was not controlled by repeated surgery and radiation but which was highly response to nivolumab.


Objective:HIV infection of CD4 T cells can lead to HIV protease-mediated cleavage of procaspase 8 generating a novel, HIV-specific peptide called Casp8p41. Casp8p41 has at least two biologic functions: induction of cell death via mitochondrial depolarization and release of cytochrome C, as well as activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). We have previously shown that Casp8p41-induced NFκB activation enhances HIV LTR transcription and consequently increases HIV replication. Herein, we questioned whether Casp8p41-induced NFκB activation impacts the cytokine profile of cells expressing Casp8p41. Design:Analysis of cells expressing Casp8p41 and HIV-infected T cells. Methods:We assessed whether host genes are transcriptionally activated following Casp8p41 production, using microarray analysis, cytokine quantification, followed by western blot and flow cytometry. Results:Microarray analysis identified 259 genes significantly upregulated following expression of Casp8p41. Furthermore, Casp8p41 expression in primary CD4 T cells results in increased production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as IL-1RA; whereas levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon (IFN)-γ were reduced in the Casp8p41 expressing cells. Intracellular flow cytometry confirmed the co-association of Casp8p41 with elevated TNF in HIV-infected cells. Conclusion:These data indicate that the expression of Casp8p41 in HIV-infected CD4 T cells in addition to promoting apoptosis and enhancing HIV replication also promotes a proinflammatory cytokine milieu, which is characteristic of untreated HIV infection.


This article describes the research experience of the author in working with a group of voluntary organizations in Swindon, England, to change policy makers' perspectives regarding the evaluation of local voluntary work. The focus is on how the author's applied research strategy contributed to policy change in Swindon. In the end, the ethnographic perspective in which this project was conducted became a vital tool for empowering local groups to develop their own approaches to evaluation, rather than succumbing to policy makers' attempts to impose their own methods.


PGPR are root-associated bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with many plants. These are the Bacteria that colonize plant roots and promote plant growth are referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR are highly diverse and are important in plant growth promotion and increase in yield of crops. Almost all of the PGPR bacteria produce phytohormones, some fixes atmospheric nitrogen, some solublizes the phosphates and some resist phytopathogens by production of siderophores. An understanding of microbial diversity is important in agricultural contest, it is important and useful to know soil quality in terms of PGPR bacteria which is helpful for taking measures for soil management and increased plant productivity. It is also important to understand the relationship of soil and plants with the diversity of associated bacteria for their better exploitation. Therefore, it is important to know the soil micro flora and their diversity. Most of the rhizospheric bacterial diversity from normal soil have been studied and organisms explored for their use as bioinoculents. However, saline soil rhizospheric microfloras remain unexplored. By considering this, in the present study fifty two bacterial isolates including PGPR have been isolated from saline soil of Kolhapur district of southern Maharashtra, India. Isolates were identified up to genus and species level. Few isolates were studied their nitrogen fixing and phosphate solublizing activity. Present study showed that amongst nitrogen fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum found to be most dominant and Bacillus megaterium was found to be most dominant phosphate solublizer. Study indicated the importance of these organism as bioinoculents for saline soil and can be explored for biofertilizer production.


Understanding how animals control their size is of fundamental importance in biology and clinical research. It is known that juvenile organisms can adjust their size in response to changes in their environment (plastic response), therefore they produce adults with correct size by counteracting growth anomalies. It is currently unclear exactly how immature animals (including children) compensate these potentially substantial variations in their size. Such compensatory mechanism delays the onset of the reproductive stage of adulthood until a correct size has been reached. This process slows down the growth of normal tissues in order to maintain body and organ proportions within the normal range. However, the neural mechanism of such homeostatic size regulation has yet to be fully defined in any species. In Drosophila, body size is controlled by two prominent neuronal populations: the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-expressing neurons, which are analogous to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in mammals; and the neurons located in the pars intercerebralis (called insulin-producing cells, IPCs) which produce insulin-like peptides and regulate tissue growth, metabolism and developmental timing. Experiments in which the activity of each of these neurons is altered have shown that these neurons operate independently, albeit both regulate maturation time resulting in larger or smaller adults. Thus, it is now apparent that the activity of these neuronal populations operating independently might not be sufficient to explain the reliable size control, which in turn may require more complex or synchronized regulatory circuits. Previous studies have established that the insulin/relaxin-like peptide 8 (Dilp8) controls homeostasis size in Drosophila, although its receptor and site of action remained uncharacterized. In the present thesis proyect, I employed a candidate approach to demonstrate that the orphan relaxin receptor Lgr3 acts as a Dilp8 receptor. Lgr3 receptor is activated by nanomolar concentrations of Dilp8 hormone and results in a robust production of cyclic AMP. Furthemore, using a biochemical readout of Lgr3 response to Dilp8 in vivo, I identified that a pair of neurons acutely respond to Dilp8 signal. I unveiled that these neurons have extensive axonal arborizations (hub-like structure) and connect with both PTTH-producing neurons and the IPCs. Functional relevance of connectivity between Lgr3/PTTH-producing neurons and Lgr3/IPCs were evaluated using several genetical approaches as perturbing neural activity, and/or assessing changes in transcription of genes in postsynaptic targets. Regarding to this, I identified Dilp3 and Dilp5 and the Juvenile hormone signalling as output pathways of this circuit for growth compensation through IPCs. Moreover, I demostrated the ecdysone inhibition through PTTHproducing neurons as output pathway of this circuit for developmental timing regulation. Acordingly with previous studies, the circadian clock regulates the onset of maturation in animals. To clarify the role of circadian clock in Dilp8/lgr3 neural circuit, I characterized the role of the master clock neurons (PDF neurons) and the synaptical connections with Lgr3-positive neurons, and PTTH-producing neurons (where PDF receptor or PDFR is expressed to mediate the function of PDF neuropeptide). I demostrated the Dilp8-Lgr3 homeostatic growth control circuit in collaboration with circadian clock during development has an impact in the lipogenic larval metabolism and adult fitness, providing a better performance upon inanition condictions. In adult female flies, Lgr3-positive neurons are connected synaptically with IPCs, controlling the expression levels of insulin-like peptides 2 and 5 (dilp2 and dilp5). Previous studies have postulated that Dilp2, Dilp3 and Dilp5 could be involve in courtship behaviour and metabolism. Furthemore, the Lgr3-positive neurons have been involved in courtship behaviour. Nevertheless, the activation of Lgr3-positive neurons by Dilp8 do not show impact neither in mating behaviour, nor in the offspring generated. On the other hand, I colaborated with Javier Morante PhD in an independent project to clarify the potential role of Sema1a as a sensor of fat content during development, since this receptor is necessary to detect the critical weight and surpase the juvenile stages to puberty. sema1a depletion in the prothoracic gland allows the larvae to extent the growth period, followed by the inhibition of the ecdysis. The extension of this growth period in sema1a mutants generates as consequences larvae with aberrant lipid content, desproportionate weight, and bigger sizes. Finally, sema1a depletion in the prothoracic gland shows higher insulin and juvenile hormone signalling, disrupting the critical weight detection necessary to promote the ecdysone synthesis.


Introduction With the emergence of the first COVID-19 case in Saudi Arabia, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare has immediately executed the appropriate protocols in response to this severe global crisis. The pharmacy department at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare continues to play an essential role in providing the safest, efficient, and effective service to its eligible patients. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the pharmacy department acted by implementing a drive-through pharmacy and home delivery services as new person-centered services to ensure patient safety. These two new services were initiated to protect both the pharmacist and the patient from COVID-19 infections as they ensure social distancing and reduce patients' visits to the walk-in pharmacies, hence providing valuable and convenient services during this pandemic. Objective This article aims to describe the implementation processes and effectiveness of drive-through medication pick-up and home-delivery services as a patient safety initiative during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method The implementation process of the drive-through and home delivery services are explained in detail. The utilization of these two services is evaluated by measuring the number of patients and prescriptions between April 2020 and August 2020. Result The increased utilization of drive-through medication pick-up and home delivery services in terms of the number of patients and prescriptions ensures patient safety by minimizing infection risk. Conclusion The increase in the utilization of drive-through medication pick-up and home delivery services reflects its successful implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both services meet the pandemic's social-distancing requirements and minimize risks of infections, which will ensure patient safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Facts and figures indicate that the latest generations of cellular networks are likely to become the dominant medium of the global data exchange. This may pose a challenge to service providers tryi ...


The nutritional components of muscle in Cyprinus acutidorsalis Wang were analyzed using ordinary standard methods. The results showed that contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash were 79.29(±1.54)%,16.77(±0.31)%, 2.48(±0.11)% and 1.54(±0.11)% in fresh muscle, respectively. The fatty acid composition of muscle in C.acutidorsalis Wang were analyzed through gravimetric method and tested by gas chromatogrphy-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)technology. The results showed that, 18 kinds of fatty acids were separated and determined. Among them, there were 8kinds of saturated fatty acids(SAF) including cyclopropaneoctanoic acid, 2-hexyl, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid-12-methyl, etradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid; there were 4kinds of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) including 9-hexadecenoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, 11-octadecenoic acid,11-eicosenoic acid, accounting for 40.4% of the total fatty acids; there were 6 kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)including 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 11,14-eicosadienoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 11,14,17-eicosatrienoate,eicosatetraenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, accounting for 17.0% of the total fatty acids.


Vapor phase decomposition (VPD) is a pretreatment technique for collecting trace metal contaminants on the surface of a Si wafer. Such trace metals can be identified and quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF‐AAS). However, the analytical results can be influenced by the Si‐matrix in the VPD samples. This article discusses the approaches to eliminate the interference caused by Si‐matrix. When the thickness of oxide film on wafer surface is less than 100 Å, the quantification results of ICP‐MS analysis will not be affected by Si‐matrix in the VPD samples. Except this, the Si‐matrix must be removed before analysis. An improved heating pretreatment approach has been adopted successfully to eliminate the Si‐matrix. For GF‐AAS analysis, the Si‐matrix will influence the sodium and aluminum analyses. Adding HNO3 to the graphite furnace tubing after sample injection could also eliminate the interference caused by the Si‐matrix. The method detection limits (MDLs) of VPD‐GF‐AAS and VPD‐ICP‐MS range from 0.04 to 0.55 × 1010 atoms cm−2 and 0.05 to 1.73 × 109 atoms cm−2, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the combined use of ultrasonography (US) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with final pathological results in patients with thyroid nodules. We retrospectively reviewed data from 1,725 patients who had received US examination at our institution between January 2006 and February 2008. Of these patients, 102 (5.9%) had undergone surgical treatment, 90 of whom were also examined by FNAC. The results of FNAC were categorized into 4 groups: malignant, benign, indeterminate and unsatisfactory. We then evaluated the correlations between diagnosis and thyroid US, FNAC, and final pathological results. The age of the 102 patients who received surgery ranged from 13 to 79 years (mean age, 45.5 ± 15.3 years). The female: male ratio was 5.4:1. Seventy-eight patients were diagnosed as having benign lesions (76.5%) and 24 patients as having a malignancy (23.5%), including 20 papillary cancers, 1 anaplastic cancer, 1 medullary cancer and 2 metastatic cancers. Ninety patients received FNAC after US. The positive predictive value for detection of malignancy using FNAC was 94.7% (18/19 cases) and the negative predictive value was 93% (66/71 cases). The sensitivity of the cytological diagnosis was 78.3% (18/23 cases) and the specificity was 98.5% (66/67 cases). The overall positive predictive value for malignancy using both thyroid US and FNAC was 94.7% (18/19 cases) and the negative predictive value, 92.8% (77/83 cases). The sensitivity of the combined investigations was 75% (18/24 cases) and the specificity, 98.7% (77/78 cases). Of the 16 indeterminate cytological cases, 3 were diagnosed as having a malignant lesion (18.7%). In patients with cystic lesions, 4.7% of cases (1/21 cases) were diagnosed as malignant. One patient with a papillary microcarcinoma with neck lymph node metastasis had only a tiny calcified spot in the parenchyma of the thyroid. US with FNAC is useful in the initial evaluation of thyroid nodules. Surgical treatment should be considered for indeterminate cases. It is also important to pay attention to microcalcification in diffuse goiters, especially in patients with neck lymph node enlargement.


Tamil Nadu, one of the wealthiest states in India, has achieved almost universal electrification, and also has the highest renewable energy capacity—both wind and solar—in the country. Over the last three decades, two regional parties—DMK and AIADMK—have alternatively governed the state and are locked into a pattern of competitive populism in which electricity subsidies play a big role. Early on, subsidies were well targeted and were also financially covered through cross-subsidies from other consumers and direct support from the government. By the 1980s, concern for financial discipline of the utility was abandoned, power for irrigation was made free, flat-rate meters were introduced, and growing theft was concealed under the carpet of agricultural subsidies, all leading to the deteriorated quality of supply and even more cross subsidies. Reform efforts did little to change the situation, with the state government controlling the electricity regulatory commission to prevent the ailing utility from reforming itself and protecting it from any competition. Ironically, Tamil Nadu is considered to be a power surplus state now due to falling industrial demand. There are few signs of Tamil Nadu climbing out of this spiral.


Advances in computer applications, particularly the Internet, have created a quest in virtually all areas of human endeavours for the need to exchange knowledge and information; educational management and technology not being an exception. The advent of the Nigerian Open University system demands that the higher education sector in our nation be encouraged to provide more materials and modules online, both as part of distance learning provision and as supplementary aids to learning for campus based courses. Group projects and assignments may be the only way possible to map the lean academic manpower to the student population. One way to achieve this will be to take advantage of software facilities referred to as agents. A software agent aimed at supporting students working on team projects have been developed. It works by prompting team members to input their contributions for a selection of task areas defined for the work at hand. It then saves it in a database for others to be able to view and use. The aim is to enhance collaboration among student teams working on projects both in the online and off line environments. The practical implementation of the project showed a general level of acceptance among students. The Information Technologist Vol.2(1) 2005: 62-74


In this paper, a simplified linearizer for Tunneling Magneto-Resistance (TMR) angle sensor (SLTA) is presented. The TMR angle sensor gives sine and cosine natured output voltages with-respect-to the angle of rotation of the shaft, and therefore, is said to be non-linear in nature. The proposed SLTA processes these two signals using an efficient technique and renders a linear direct-digital output for 360° range. The SLTA employs less number of low-cost electronic components. The working methodology of the SLTA is mathematically explained in detail. The performance of SLTA is verified first using simulation and emulation studies. The SLTA output is found to vary linearly for full-circle range. The worst-case non-linearity obtained in simulation and emulation study is 0.012% and 0.039 %, respectively. Results obtained in emulation-based additional tests confirm the applicability of the SLTA for dynamic input measurement. A shaft angle sensing unit, which employs a TMR angle sensor, is fabricated for the actual experimentation purpose. The SLTA is then interfaced with the unit, and tests are conducted. In experimentation also, the SLTA output is found to vary linearly for full-circle range. The maximum non-linearity observed in experimentation is 0.3 %. The proposed SLTA can find applications in various fields such as automobile, aerospace, medicine, robotics, etc.


Objective:To study the clinical significance of carcinoma associated antigen(CA125,CA153,CA199)and human chorionic gonadotropin(β-HCG)in evaluation of disease extent and monitoring metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer.Methods:These tumor markers in serum were measured in84patients with breast cancers,and change of the markers were observed in these patients with different stage and pathohistological evidence.Results:The later the stage of TNM of breast cancer,the higher levels of4tumor markers would be revealed.There was no significant difference in the levels of4tumor markers for patients with different pathohistological evidence.Combination of these tumor markers increased sensitivity of measurement.Conclusions:Measurement of CA125,CA153,CA199andβ-HCG in serum provided useful information for evaluation of disease extent in patients with breast cancer.


In recent years, thalidomide has emerged as an important treatment for multiple myeloma, but its usefulness is limited by the occurrence of a toxic axonal polyneuropathy in many patients.1 Lenalidomide, a structural derivative of thalidomide with much lower neurotoxicity, is also effective in controlling myeloma, and has begun to be used as a first-line treatment.2 This article describes a patient with myeloma who presented with a severe demyelinating polyneuropathy that responded poorly to standard immunotherapy, but improved remarkably during treatment with lenalidomide.

### Case report.

In March 2005, a 38-year-old woman developed numbness in her hands and feet and increasing limb weakness, worse in her arms. Within 6 months, she was unable to walk without support and could hardly feed herself. Nerve conduction studies performed elsewhere showed a mixed demyelinating and axonal polyneuropathy with markedly prolonged distal motor and sensory latencies and F wave latencies in many nerves (table). Needle EMG was normal in proximal and distal extremities. The spinal fluid contained 1 white blood cell per mm3 and protein 48 mg/dL. Serum immunofixation electrophoresis showed a monoclonal IgA-lambda paraprotein; total gamma globulin was 2.17 g/dL. Fasting blood glucose, antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid …


Abstract . This study aims to identify the effect of green supply chain management on environmental sanitation management in Banda Aceh. It caused by a high level of diversity and population density and circular migration in these city. This quantitative study conducted to 3 districts along case, namely densest, most diverse population and circular migration characteristics. A total of 400 respondents spreading in 3 districts were participated in this study. The result of the study shows that the behavior of Banda Aceh people is categorized as standard. Furthermore, the awareness level of Banda Aceh people on environmental sanitation management is categorized as good. Meanwhile, Green supply chain strategy and people awareness are caused by increased population growth due to massive urbanization and high birth rate. However, the existence of public facilities (such as garbage dump, etc.) and people's awareness about the environment is still lacking. Environmental sanitation management still needs the government to play a key role in improving infrastructures such as green supply chain for garbage dump, clean water tank, waste treatment facilities for residual waste, organic and inorganic waste as well as continuous socialization related to environmental sanitation management issues that can influence behavioral change and emerge high awareness from the community towards a healthier life in accordance with the objectives of sustainable development goals.


On the basis of the relevant research of the creative index at home and abroad,the index system of Chinese culture and creative industry is constructed.On the basis of that,the evaluation model based on the method of factor analysis is established.Further by using this measurement system,the creative index of seven big city in China is measured.Finally the rankings is obtained based on the analysis results.


Laser beam smoothing by spectral dispersion and by polarization smoothing has been observed to significantly reduce the scattering losses by stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattering from inertial confinement fusion hohlraums. For these measurements, the laser beam smoothing and the high-Z hohlraum wall plasma parameters approach the conditions of future inertial confinement fusion experiments. The simultaneous application of the smoothing techniques has reduced the scattering losses by almost one order of magnitude down to the 1% level. The experimental scaling of the stimulated Brillouin reflectivity compares well to modeling assuming nonlinear damping on the ion acoustic waves in three-dimensional nonlinear wave simulations and calculated hohlraum plasma conditions from radiation-hydrodynamic modeling.


A method is presented to reduce the lateral vibration amplitude of an unbalanced rotor accelerating or decelerating through its critical speed, by means of modulating the response phase with varying acceleration rate. Theoretical and numerical analysis on the amplitude and the phase characteristics of lateral vibration of a rotor model are made. Numerical results show that when the rotor passes through its critical speed with a modulated phase, the response amplitude can be reduced by 20% or so, compared with the nonmodulated (constant) acceleration case.


In managing a learning, here the role of teachers is to understand how teachers manage the class, especially managing low classes that are essentially the characteristics of students are still in the early stages of development, so here teachers Must be able to master how to manage the class so that learners in the early stages of the low class are capable of mastering a material and understanding the material being taught. This research is a descriptive study conducted in class III students (3) Si SDN SANGIANG 03 Tanah Merah, Sepatan Tangerang. Here we do a research that analyzes how the design of learning is happening in low-grade students or early-stage students.  Data from observations and interviews will be processed by explaining how and analyzing the data until it finds conclusions. From the results of the research detected that SDN SANGIANG 03 in the design of the study prioritizes the media talks in the teaching process can also use other media such as pictures, concrete objects according to the material to be studied so that Such media should be used in explaining the material. In this school also does not use group learning models because the number of students in every class is inadequate so it is difficult for teachers to apply group learning to students because it is influenced also by the lack of classes in this school.


Objective: Maternal cigarette smoking is paradoxically associated with a decreased risk of developing preeclampsia. Since preeclampsia is thought to be associated with altered mechanisms of angiogenesis and oxidative stress, we aim to investigate the influence of maternal smoking on the early placental expression of a panel of genes related to angiogenesis and oxidative stress. Material and Methods: We collected villous tissue samples at 6-7 and 10-11 weeks of gestation from 31 women requesting surgical termination. Placental expression of the following genes were quantified by real-time PCR: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng), placental growth factor (PlGF), heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Maternal smoking status was assessed by levels of serum cotinine. Results: Placental expression of VEGFA was significantly higher in smoking women at 10-11 weeks of gestation compared with nonsmoking women at the same gestational age. There was no significant difference at 6-7 weeks of gestation. There was no variation in the expression of the other genes explored related to smoking status. Conclusions: Here we report that VEGFA placental expression was higher in smoking women at 10-11 weeks of gestation. Increased VEGFA expression in the early stages of pregnancy in smoking women might contribute to the decreased risk of developing preeclampsia.


This article examines popular beliefs about language in Britain and the United States within a language ideology framework. With particular reference to Silverstein's discussion of second-order indexicality, it argues that language varieties in Britain and the United States are differently ideologized in such a way as to foreground social class groups in Britain and ethnic groups in the United States. This difference gives rise to characteristically different kinds of national language controversy. American and British images of a spoken standard language are not only quite different but also occupy a pivotal position in their respective ideological systems. In America, a leveled variety is imagined as standard and mainstream, while in Britain an elite classmarked variety is commonly imagined as standard. Each type of standard, while imagined as a neutral reference point, sets up a pattern of structural oppositions that foregrounds and stigmatizes the codes indexing "nonmainstream" groups in the United States and "lower-class" groups in Britain.


My work be engaged by two markedly art elements - namely mask and puppet. I would like upon this two elements have a look not only from historical aspects but also thereon - what is connects respectively divides. Wherein are their benefits and where there are their limits and border. Situation, when is possible to common use or even their mergence.


It is currently possible to reliably motion-track humans and some animals, but not possible to track insects using standard motion tracking techniques. By programming a virtual prototype rig/skeleton for the insects small scale creatures will be able to be tracked in real time. Possible applications include behavioural research of animals and entertainment industry, e.g., when realistic insect motion simulation is needed and insects cannot be outfitted with sensors like humans for animation in movies or games.


The sale of seed under the disclaimer or non-warranty clause, a clause which absolves the seller and puts full responsibility for defects in the seed upon the farmer who buys it, is a widely employed seed trade custom. The typical seedsman's "non-warranty clause" which accompanies seed shipments, is £ound on the letterhead or in the catalogue of many seed companies, and reads as follows: "We give no warranty, express or implied, as to description, quality, productiveness, or any other matter of any seeds we sell and will not in any way be responsible for the crop. If the purchaser does not, accept the goods on these terms, he must notify us at once and we will give instructions for disposition of goods." What other commodity important to his welfare does the farmer buy in this modern age with such a frank and open disclaimer of responsibility as to the quality of the goods? After reading a description in a beautifully, illustrated seed catalogue setting forth the unusual yielding ability and superior quality of seed, it borders on the ludicrous to find somewhere in the catalogue or on tags accompanying seed the above statement which disclaims responsibility on the part of the seller of seed. Let's Try It On Shoes What would you think, Mr. Farmer, of a shoe dealer, who, after setting forth in glowing terms the beauty and durability and price value of a pair of shoes, and had made a sale on the strength of his statements, wrapped up the shoes and handed you the package, making this statement: "We give no guaranty express or implied as to description, quality or any other matter in regard to these shoes. We will not in any way he .responsible for their performance on your feet." Would you take the shoes, Mr. Purchaser, under these terms? Not by a jugfull! Certainly, seed, about the most important article which the farmer buys, should be sold under conditions which make the seller more responsible to the purchaser than he is under the legal protection of the non-warranty clause. In full justice to high class seed dealers who use this clause, it must be stated that it is an established trade custom, and that many of the seed companies using it make every effort to sell high grade seed and do assume high degree responsibility in spite of the disclaimer. , Shields Tricksters This very condition provides the opportunity for the scalawag in the seed trade to use the disclaimer clause as a cloak for nefarious practices in selling inferior or worthless seed to purchasers misled by glowing descriptions. Certainly, it is not asking too much that seed be sold under a direct guarantee as to the varietal name, if given; the source of production, if stated; the purity,' and the germination at a certain date. Granting that ultimate productiveness can in no way be guaranteed because of the many environmental factors influencing crop yields, nevertheless, the state, the territory or foreign nation where the seed is grown; the variety, purity and germination test at a certain date can be definitely stated and responsibility assumed. Federal Seed Service Under the system of seed distribution developed by the co-operative Federated Seed Service, a definite guarantee is given as to source of production, the variety, purity and germination at a date named. This organization, a non-profit co-operative association, has established inspection offices at the American Farm Bureau Federation headquarters, Garland Quilding, Chicago, and is made up of the following farmers' co-operative seed services: Michigan Farm Bureau Seed Service. Co-operative G. L. F. Exchange of New York. Ohio Farm Bureau Service Co. Indiana Farm Bureau Purchasing Dept. Virginia Seed Service. Wisconsin Farm Bureau. Agricultural Corporation of Maryland. It is now time for the great seed trade of America to awaken to the fact than an out-of-date appendage like the" non-warranty or disclaimer clause, which is not needed by the high class member of the trade, and does on occasion protect the irresponsible, can advantageously be dispensed with. Hold the ether, Mr. Farmer, for a major operation! NEW BARRY COUNTY AGR'L AGENT


The constant improvement of food availability (kcal/person/day), observed in Brazil since the 70s, goes hand in hand with the qualitative degradation of nutrition, due to the eviction of some basic foodstuffs (cereals, legumes and tubers) replaced by sugar and vegetable fats : products closely linked to the export sector. Given these recent changes, a return to a dualistic approach seems particularly relevant, since it helps us to characterize the agricultural dynamic linked to the nutritional transition process.


Proposition I Under Patinkin's assumptions on the money market [2, p. 491], assume that commodity demand responds only to changes in real interest rates (i.e., equal changes in nominal interest rates and the anticipated inflation rate, everything else held constant, will leave commodity demand unchanged). Then a reduced real demand for money (from an increase in the anticipated inflation rate) is accomodated exclusively by a shift in the excess demand function for bonds. Commodity market equilibrium at a fixed level of real output YO can be expressed, following Patinkin, as


A wireless network's overall performance is greatly impacted by the accuracy of its channel estimate. Deep learning has also shown to be a significant advancement in improving communication reliability and lowering processing complexity for 5G and beyond networks. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and mmWave communications are disruptive technologies that have been implemented into fifth-generation (5G) and subsequent wireless communication standards, such as 6G, in order to handle the increasing wireless data traffic and maintain connections. MIMO systems use space multiplex by using a variety of antennas to increase efficiency at a specifically used bandwidth. MIMO allows for numerous sources and sinks to share a single communication channel. The characteristics of these networks are their spectral variety and their ability to multiplex spatially. This study still provided an overview of MIMO, examined MIMO channel estimation methods based on the 5G and 6G wireless communication standards, and analysed MIMO channel estimation methods for the coexistence of these two wireless network generations.


Considered as a romantic incarnation of author's ideas, L'Etranger put us in front of the absurd through the problematic caracter of Meursault, often studied and commented as subject of this philosophical attitude. The absurd presupposes a relationship between man and the world and is thus inevitably linked to perception: a sensory experience then founds the discourse of the novel, establishing Meursault as percipient/ enunciator subject. We will use the resources offered by semiotics of discourse in its phenomenological version for analyzing the perceptual path of Meursault and especially to consider the question of Camus's absurd under a new light.


The regularly scheduled Public Safety Committee meeting of October 21, 2008 was called to order in the Conference Room of Stratford Police Department 900 Longbrook Avenue at 6:00 p.m. by Chairman Thomas W. Moore and then canceled due to lack of quorum. IN ATTENDANCE: Thomas W. Moore, Chairperson, Gavin B. Forrester, Chief John Buturla, William Stroomer for Joseph Kubic, Councilperson, Rose Blackwell, Donna Best, Deputy Police Chief Joseph LoSchiavo, Deputy Fire Chief Michael Hostetter, and Anthony Schirillo COMMITTEE MEMBERS ABSENT: Alvin O'Neal, Alec Voccola, Jennifer Hillgen-Santa, and Robert Yakoubian ALSO IN ATTENDANCE: Karen Forrest, Secretary


We report advancements on navigation and simulated interaction with a model of the esophagus and stomach, reported in previous works. Computer training in endoscopic procedures allows the specialist to interact with a virtual model and provides him different points of view of the anatomical area of interest. Such enriched navigation permits to the specialist to have a better understanding of the volume. An important improvement was the inclusion of abnormal anatomy, from two types, the first one is related to the color features of the disease, so we added the possibility to change the color assigned to a group of vertices from a triangle vicinity. The second one is a direct modification in the triangle structure, in order to simulate blisters and injures in the model. The optical distortion of the endoscope was also simulated in the navigator allowing the user a quantitative assessment of distortion when he measures an injury. Another improvement of the model consisted in a radial‐collapsed representation of the esophagus, which is its natural state. To this collapsed state we superposed the interaction of the triangle mesh with a model of the air pressure against the walls. The collapsed wall of the mesh gives us the opportunity to train the user in the insertion of the endoscope.


Ó Abstract: In spite of huge concerted efforts, the treatment of cancer, a disease frequently associated with genetic alterations caused due to hereditary or environmental factors, remains a challenge. The last few years have witnessed emergence of several innovative and effective modalities for the treatment of solid tumours and hematological malignancies. Gene therapy has shown enormous potential for cancer treatment, especially for metastatic cancers which unlike localized solid tumours, may not be amenable to surgery or other treatment options. Gene therapy aims to introduce a correct copy of the malfunctioning gene in the tumour environment by using viral or non-viral methods to impede or inhibit its growth. This review provides an overview of three main approaches for cancer gene therapy namely immunotherapy, oncolytic therapy and gene transfer therapy. Immunotherapy augments the host immune system in order to destroy cancer cells while oncolytic therapy uses genetically engineered viruses such as to effectively kill cancer cells. Clinical studies so far have shown that cells can be engineered to express gene products that can specifically target cancer cells and prevents their growth and metastasis. Though gene therapy for cancer is yet to see extensive clinical use, it is likely that in combination with other treatment modalities, it will help in controlling and possibly curing cancer in the near future.


Soviet made intrauterine contraceptives (IUC) were employed in 344 puerperants on days 5 and 6 following labor and in 50 females 6-8 weeks after it. The postnatal proceeded normally; no complications were observed in 83.1% of the 344 cases following administration of the IUC. 16.9% of the women displayed marked complications--pregnancy developed in 0.6% of the cases; expulsion occurred in 10.1%; and hemorrhage in 5.5%. The data obtained allowed the authors to consider the use of the IUC at early terms after labor harmless and sufficiently effective. (Authors modified)


Refractory and toxic organic pollutants such as antibiotics used in and veterinary medicine has a significant effect on the quality of surface and groundwater. The removal of amoxicillin (AMX) by electro-Fenton process is reported in this study. Effect of current intensity, Fe ions concentration, temperature and initial AMX concentration were investigated. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of AMX increased with increasing current intensity and the temperature. The SMT degradation efficiency was improved significantly when the Fe concentration increased from 0.1 to 2 mM. The removal efficiency of AMX decreases with increasing of the AMX initial concentration. This effect is attributed to the competition of SMT and electrogenerated intermediate compounds for the consumption of oxidizing OH radicals. The BOD5/COD ratio increased substantially from 0.039 0 to 0.33 and from 0.0064 to 0.20 in the presence 0.082 mM and 0.164 mM of AMX, respectively, after 6h of electrolysis time, showing that the biodegradability was enhanced even if the limit of biodegradability (0.4) was not achieved


At present,developing the creative industries has become an effective strategy for economic backward areas to change the mode of economic growth and extricate themselves from poverty. It is also an important way to achieve leap-type development of regional economic to develop the creative industries of ethnic cultural tourism for Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture,which is in the border area of Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing and Guizhou Provinces,and with rich ethnic cultural resources. This paper takes Fenghuang County as an ex-ample,which is the representative to develop the creative industries of ethnic cultural tourism in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture,with a view to provide some significant reference for the creative industries development of ethnic cultural tourism in minority areas of China.


"It's a damn good idea to have an emergency spillway," said Ron Stork, policy director with Friends of the River, a Sacramento environmental group. A failure of the concrete slab in the spillway chute of Oroville dam, (the highest earthfill dam in the USA) in February 2017 caused the auxiliary/emergency spillway to operate for the first time since the dam was commissioned in 1968. This incident puts the spotlight again on the importance of redundant spillway systems especially for dams with non overflow crests such as embankment dams. In the case of Oroville dam, the dam safety incident was not caused by non operation of the radial gates but rather a structural failure of the civil components which almost resulted in a "single cause total spillway unavailability" scenario.


Finding defects efficently is one of the major problems in software development, a problem that often still relies largely on human inspection of code to find defects. Many software development projects use code reviews as a mean to ensure this human inspection occurs. Known as modern code review, this approach is based on tools, such as Gerrit, that help the developers in the reviewing process. As part of this approach, developers are often presented with a list of open code reviews requiring attention; it is left to the developer to find a suitable review on which to work on from a long list of reviews. We present an investigation of two algorithms that recommend an ordering of the list of open reviews based on properties of the reviews. We use a simulation study over the JGit project from the Eclipse Foundation to show that an algorithm based on ordering reviews from least lines of codes changed in the code review to most lines of code out performs other algorithms. This algorithm shows promise for eliminating stagnation of reviews and optimizing the average duration reviews are open.


Barrington Moore has argued that Imperial German@y and Meiji Japan both followed a capitalist, authoritarian 'route to the modern world.' But these parallels were not coincidental. German developmentalism was consciously imitated by Meiji reformers and this model was later diffused throughout Pacific Asia (East and Southeast Asia). This article explores German influence on pre-World War II Japan and its later impact on post-war Pacific Asia. There were similarities among elite behaviour, developmentalist dictatorships and culturalist ideologies. 'Progressive' elites pushed through a program of modernisation against 'backward' conservatives. They demobilised the working class, made the newly-created business sector dependent on the state, and co-opted the rising middle class. The 'flying geese formation' in Pacific Asia has been a group of developmentalist dictatorships that did not, however, all share the same 'developmental state' form as Japan. But they did invoke a new version of Imperial German Zivilisationskritik — the critique of 'Western' democracy in the name of (in this case) 'Asian values.' Authoritarian rule was justified by a culturalist ideology derived from a dichotomy posited between Western civilisation and German Kultur by reactionary Prussian modernisers.


Caesar cipher is a mono alphabetic cipher. It is also a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is "shifted" a certain number of places down the alphabet. However, Caesar cipher method did not last long because of its simplicity and lack of communication security. Therefore, we believe that strengthen the key mechanism should increase its complexity against the various cryptanalysis attacks. This paper proposes an enhanced Caesar cipher method through adopting two private keys that are tied to the character positions (i.e. odd and even) for encryption and/or decryption. The two private keys are mapped into one public key to be transferred to the recipient. At the end, the results show that the new cryptosystem is inevitable to cryptanalysis attack. And the cipher text is reduced in size and thus, memory space. The public key generation process is proven to be a one-way function utilizing binary matrices that are generated and shared between the two communicating parties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia stimulate whole body and muscle glucose disposal. To define the impact of increased lactate concentration (4-5 mM) on muscle glucose disposal during hyperglycemia, we studied anesthetized normal rats infused with either sodium lactate or sodium bicarbonate as control. Animals were studied under hyperglycemic clamp (13 mM) using [3-3H]glucose ( study 1) and 2-deoxy-[1-3H]glucose ( study 2) to assess glucose rate of disappearance (Rd), glycolytic flux (GF), glycogen synthesis, and glucose utilization index by different tissues. Moreover, in study 3, the effect of lactate on the pattern of plasma insulin response to hyperglycemia was evaluated. In study 1, lactate infusion resulted in an increased Rd (38.7 ± 1.7 vs. 32.3 ± 1.3 mg ⋅ min-1 ⋅ kg-1; P < 0.01), which was explained by an enhanced rate of glycogen synthesis (23.0 ± 1.7 vs. 14.7 ± 1.2 mg ⋅ min-1 ⋅ kg-1; P < 0.001), whereas GF was unchanged. In study 2, lactate-infused animals showed an increased 2-deoxy-glucose disposal and a stimulated glycogen synthase activity as well as an increased glycogen accumulation at the end of the study in several skeletal muscles. In study 3, lactate did not induce any change in either early or late insulin response to hyperglycemia. In conclusion, our results show that muscle glycogen deposition may be enhanced by elevated lactate levels under hyperglycemic conditions and support a role for lactate in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.


Background: The clinical efficacy of ICD therapy depends on accurate sensing of intracardiac signals and sensing algorithms. We investigated the occurrence of sensing abnormalities in patients with dual chamber ICDs.


The paper begins with a reminder of early criticism on traditional feminism and then traces the beginnings of occasional opposition leading to provocative positions through representative works and criticisms of some writers and critics. The paper, therefore, identifies a trilogy and moves to uphold the last of the trilogy which might startle the revolutionary feminist because it is more accommodating in its gender approach than the revolutionist would aspire to in dismantling the hegemonic phallus. It submits that there is certainly revelation in deconstructing, transforming, re-inscribing and negotiating "male patriarchy" as this leads to a conversation that empowers its readers to soft-pedal on both anti-masculinity and anti-femininity, an argument towards policy reform on gender. In doing this, it uses nego-feminist theory to locate and critique Chinua Achebe's sudden change from anti-thesis of feminism to gender justice through his last novel, Anthills of the Savannah. However, it hypothetically praises Achebe's stand for being feminist and then questions it for being improperly feminist.


he term early traumatic experiences refers to different events that occur in childhood and adolescence, which are characterised by being out of the child's control, preventing or disrupting normal development, and causing stress and suffering (Burgermeister, 2007). The most common are emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect (Bernstein et al., 2003). It is difficult to know the true prevalence of abuse in children, since the majority of cases are usually not detected. The fact that most of these traumatic experiences occur in the family environment, the shame experienced by the victim, the early age at which they happen and the dependence on the adult, and the criminal sanctions involving the reporting of such cases are some of the factors that impede them from being known about (Goldman & Padayachi, 2000). In our country, the study conducted by the Reina Sofia Centre (Sanmartín, 2011) on child abuse in the family is noteworthy. The results showed that 4.54% of boys and 3.94% of girls between 8 and 17 years reported suffering abuse by a family member. The most prevalent types of abuse in this age group are: psychological (2.35%), followed by physical (2.24%), sexual (0.89%) and finally, negligence (0.78%). With regards to sex, boys are at greater risk of suffering physical abuse (2.41%), while girls suffer higher rates of psychological abuse (2.72%), sexual abuse (1.13%) and negligence (0.91%). Similarly, the results indicate that experiences of abuse decrease as the age of the child increases. Thus, the prevalence of abuse between 8 and 11 years stood at 5.05%, while between 12 and 14 years it was 4.65%. The presence of stressful events or occurrences has important implications for people's physical and emotional health (Thabrew, de Sylva & Romans, 2012). During childhood, these traumas can have a more significant impact, since they do not affect a biological, psychological and socially mature human being, but a human being in a phase of development that requires certain external conditions of stability and protection (López-Soler, 2008). Thus, the fact that the human brain continues to develop during childhood and adolescence, and even during the adult period, makes it especially vulnerable to traumatic situations or chronic stress and can cause damage, sometimes irreversible, of a physical, emotional and cognitive nature (Mesa-Gresa & Moya-Abiol, 2011). In general, the following reactions to a seriously stressful event are considered normal: sadness, anxiety, anger, altered behaviour and other minor difficulties that disrupt for a short time (López-Soler, 2008). However, sometimes the difficulties are more intense and longer lasting, resulting in significant problems in the personal functioning and psychosocial adaptation of the child. Thus, negative occurrences, such as physical abuse, ASSESSMENT OF EARLY TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES IN ADULTS


The present invention relates to a disc for a cone - Cone wound sheet metal forming parts of the transmission belt (10, 41), the tapered disc is provided with a sheet metal member forming the support legs (11, 51), a popliteal out by the support cone legs (12, 52). The present invention is characterized in that: the sheet metal material is made so thick and / or shaped in such a way, that the cone is supported by legs or predominantly only by the support leg.


AbstractStatistical data and photographic portraits are two techniques of explanation frequently used to narrate both the magnitude and the specificity of mass death. Numbers offer a census of the ...


The HADES Underground Research Facility (URF) (Mol, Belgium) has played a central role in the establishing of a scientific and technical basis for deep disposal in clay formations. As part of the Belgian repository development program, the Boom Clay has been investigated as a potential host rock for the geological disposal of long-lived and high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel. Within the Belgian repository development plan, emphasis in R&D has progressively shifted from the study of basic phenomena to the investigation of complex and interacting processes. In line with this evolution, large-scale demonstration projects have become increasingly important. The Belgian URF is now being extended and this development opens up perspectives for planning new in situ experiments and intensifying international co-operation. This paper gives an overview of the objectives of international co-operation in the HADES facility and outlines a number of key areas where progress in repository development can be achieved through collaborative efforts.


Abstract : The crack retardation response due to single- and multiple-cycle overload of two titanium vanadium alloys (24 and 32 wt. pct. V) has been studied. It has been observed that the degree of retardation depends upon the vanadium content of the alloy, the load ratio, the number of overload cycles and the magnitude of the peak load. Fractographic observations show that the cracking mode may be changed in the overload affected zone from that in the preoverload region. These results seem to incidcate that the retardation behavior is mainly due to the compressive residual stresses arising as a consequence of the overload. The degree of retardation depends not only on the loading variables, but also on the material parameters like the monotonic and cyclic deformation behavior, and the stress-strain response. (Author)


Consider this ... the first sound that we hear and feel from conception, is the rhythm of our mother's heartbeat in the womb. Rhythm is truly innate in all of us and this is evidenced in a young child's ability to spontaneously move their body to a beat. Yet, in Australian society, it is not uncommon to hear adults profess that they have no rhythm! This is simply not true; we have all just forgotten a skill that we have intuitively from birth.


The invention relates to a measuring device for a measured variable, with a measuring electronics, which is intended and adapted at least one measuring signal of an ignition electrode which is at least partially disposed in a combustion chamber of a turbomachine, to detect which is dependent on said at least one protective device is provided on the measured variable, is, at least to protect the measuring electronics from the high voltages.


Determining whether something has a biological cause is difficult, and locating a specifically genetic link is even more so. The handful of studies that purportedly add up to incontestable "proof" that homosexuals are "born that way" are inconclusive at best and, as Dr. Rahman notes, "largely correlational in nature." In some cases, such as the twins studies, the evidence strongly indicates that early environment is more likely the dominant factor to have produced homosexual desires.


Almost all studied here diastems are situated in the Western Balkanids, and only one is in the Central Forebalkan. They are differentiated in two groups. The first group encloses diastems with cover represented by the deep water micritic limestones of the Yavorets Formation in which exist more or less shallow-water elements. Some of them are exotic in the low-energy textures (the localities near the town of Belogradchik and by the Ledenika Cave, Vratsa District). The faunal spectra indicate conditions of the deep subtidal - depths about 100-200m. The second group unify diastems created by marine transgressions which were not accompanied by sedimentation. The latter began with delay in the course of deepening of the basin (the localities Desivichki Dol and the village of Mitrovtsi, Montana District, as well as the village of Glozhene, Teteven District and probably the village of Zgorigrad, Vratsa District). In connection to the different regimes in sedimentation, as a result of marine transgressions and the deepening of the sea-basin, we introduce here some new terms for the different types of sediments. We name syntransgressive sediments those that have accompanied the marine transgressions. They are covered by the posttransgressive sediments, deposited with the deepening of the basin. When the marine transgression is not accompanied by sedimentation and the first sediments have been deposited with the deepening of the basin, these sediments are called initial posttransgressive sediments. The localities or areas with initial postransgressive sedimentation possessed a positive relief and resulted in formation of diastems. Their basements always are older than the Jurassic and usually are covered by hardgrounds. The significance of such type of diastems is bigger than has been regarded in the past.


1G shake table tests are carried out for two-dimensional slope models with seams of silt within a saturated sand. Water films formed beneath silt seams enables soil mass above them to laterally flow along water films not only during but also after shaking, while the soil deforms mostly during shaking and almost stops after that in the case without silt. The dilatancy effect exerted in sheared sand during flow failure is discussed in relation with the water film generation based on the measurement on shear strain. In view of the significant role of the water film, a mechanism for the emergence of a water film in a layered sand is studied in a simple one-dimensional model test. It is clarified that upward seepage force exerted in a sandwiched layer with a smaller permeability and an overlying reaction layer are essential to a stable formation of a water film.


INTRODUCTION This paper presents the notion that the game mechanics we see in many popular video games are also present within the imagined status-quo of gamer culture. In particular, I intend to complicate the notion of contingency – the possibility of a future event or circumstance which can not be predicted clearly – as a component of many game mechanics, as I will argue that while it may be that which draws us to gaming, it is also that which impedes fun for certain bodies in gaming culture. As an element central to many game mechanics, contingency is seen heavily within best selling games like the Dark Souls (2011) franchise and significantly also in the 'hardcore' gaming culture that forms around them, a culture which we problematically imagine to be comprised of mainly young, straight, white men. This imagining of the status-quo of gaming culture becomes problematic, as suggested by Adrienne Shaw (2010), in that it designates gaming culture as the culture of an 'other' – thus creating an exclusionary feedback loop in which we only recognise and therefore allow for the inclusion of certain (young, masculine) bodies. This creates a very specific tension for those bodies who are not housed well by this stereotype, as their inclusion within gaming culture is taken out of their control and held out precariously and perpetually ahead of them – it becomes contingent. As such, I posit that contingency plays a large role in this exclusion and the subsequent maintenance of the imagined status-quo of gaming culture, as the possibility for an outsider to be a part of the imagined gaming culture is handed over to those already inside of it, as they are granted the authority to decided whether certain bodies are included or not.


To the Editors: The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening all sexually active women for gonorrhea if they are young or have other individual or population risk factors for infection. Individual risk factors depend on the local epidemiology of gonorrhea, and population risk factors include residence in urban communities and communities with high rates of poverty. Gonorrhea rates are higher among adolescents. In 2011, the US rates of reported cases of gonorrhea per 100,000 populations were 98.7 in men and 108.9 in women; among individuals aged 15 to 19 years, these rates were 248.6 in men and 556.5 in women. The state of Louisiana reported 545.4 and 1242.0 gonorrhea cases per 100,000 populations in men and women aged 15 to 19 years. In 2010, 97% of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years were enrolled in US schools. Although the US Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend screening men for gonorrhea for insufficient evidence, available evidence clearly makes Louisiana adolescent boys and girls candidates for gonorrhea screening, and schools are an ideal place to find adolescents. From school years 1996 to 1997 to 2004 to 2005, between 1545 (1996Y 1997) and 6078 (1999Y2000) 9th through 12th grade students in New Orleans public schools (age, 14Y24 years; mean, 16.7 years; median, 17.0 years) provided urine specimens that were tested for both chlamydia and gonorrhea (LCx Chlamydia trachomatis Assay and LCx Neisseria gonorrhoeae Assay [Abbott Park, IL] until 1999Y2000; BDProbeTec ET C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae Amplified DNA Assays [Sparks, MD] thereafter) in a school-wide chlamydia screening program. The average 9-year gonorrhea positivity was 1.2% (184/14,988; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1%Y1.4%) in men and 3.3% (478/14,343; 95% CI, 3.0%Y 3.6%) in women (P G 0.001). Positivity ranged between 0.8% (24/3084; 1999Y 2000) and 2.0% (23/1179; 2002Y2003) in men and between 2.2% (42/1944; 1997Y1998) and 4.8% (67/1399; 2000Y 2001) in women. In sex-specific multivariate logistic regression analyses with age, race, laboratory assay, school year, and chlamydia test results as covariates (Table 1), gonorrhea positivity in men was significantly associated with age (P = 0.01) and with chlamydia positivity (P G 0.001). In women, gonorrhea positivity was associated significantly only with chlamydia positivity (P G 0.001). The odds of gonorrhea positivity increased in aging women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00Y1.16; P = 0.05) and in African American men (AOR, 2.55; 95% CI, 0.35Y18.45; P = 0.36) and women (AOR, 5.59; 95% CI, 0.78Y40.14; P = 0.09), although the increases did not achieve significance levels of P G 0.05, partly because of the relatively lower baseline gonorrhea positivity among students who were tested. Gonorrhea positivity did not vary significantly over time (P 9 0.16). The lack of significant differences in gonorrhea positivity between 1996 and 2005 reflected endemic and stable prevalence of gonorrhea among New Orleans school-aged adolescents. The morbidity associated with N. gonorrhoeae, its role in facilitating sexual transmission of HIV, and emerging resistance to antibiotics used against it dictate that its public health impact and population distributions be continuously monitored. Diagnostic tests that simultaneously detect C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in the same specimen would allow chlamydia screening programs to detectN. gonorrhoeae in populations that otherwise would not be tested for gonorrhea for lack of clear gonorrhea screening guidelines.


Considered a globally important zoonotic bacterial disease, leptospirosis affects both humans and commercially important animals. It is transmitted through direct or indirect exposure to the urine of infected animals and is a major public health challenge in regions with heavy rainfall, floods, and poor socioeconomic conditions. The genus Leptospira has 67 species, which can be grouped into pathogenic and saprophytic groups. Serological classification based on antigenic characteristics is important in epidemiology and clinical analysis but is laborious, requires infrastructure and specialized labor, and takes days to obtain results. In this study, we aimed to find genetic patterns associated with the serological classification of Leptospira to propose molecular markers for classifying Leptospira samples at the serogroup level. For this, we used genomic data of 722 samples distributed in 67 species in public databases and compared the gene composition of their rfb locus. Clustering analysis was able to group samples into five major classes that share similarities in both the serological and genetic composition of the rfb locus. We also identified some syntenic blocks in the internal region of the rfb locus and patterns of presence and absence of these blocks which can be used to determine the serogroup of a sample. Our findings can assist the development of molecular strategies for the serological identification of Leptospira samples, which could be more rapid and accurate than the current method.


We are proud of the Indian men and women who have received a good education . . . These are the people we need to lead us — men who are good Christians, who are educated, and who will fight for the Indians. (Howard Whitewolf, Comanche, 1917). Summing it all up, it depends upon the caprice of the Indians whether children are secured. (George W. Scott, Superintendent, Chilocco Indian Industrial School, 1889).


This case report discusses an interesting case of drug- induced autoimmune hepatitis following the long term use of nitrofurantoin for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Recurrent UTIs are common and the evidence for long term antibiotics are discussed along with the difficulty in deciding whether drugs are implicated as the cause of deranged liver function tests.


Insulin storage methods and the techniques of its administration impact on blood sugar control. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the effects of insulin administration techniques and storage on the long term control of blood glucose among 73 freely consenting adult diabetic outpatients at Kenyatta National Hospital. Participants were selected through convenient sampling and interviewed using a pre-designed questionnaire. Long term glycaemia control was assessed by measuring the blood levels of glycated haemoglobin. Ethical approval was granted by the institutional review board and participants' confidentiality was maintained throughout the study. Data analysis was done using STATA version 10 software; with statistical significance set at 95% confidence limit. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between glycated haemoglobin levels versus insulin storage methods and the administration techniques. Correct performance of the critical injection techniques (p=0.0001), insulin storage by refrigeration (p=0.041) and during travel (p=0.019) were associated with good long term glycaemic control. Patients need to be regularly encouraged on good insulin injection techniques and storage methods in order to improve long term glycaemic control. Key words : Insulin storage, injection technique, glycated haemoglobin, glycaemic control


S(X) denotes the semigroup of all continuous selfmaps of the topological space X. In this paper, we find, for many spaces X, necessary and sufficient conditions for a certain type of congruence to be the largest proper congruence on S(X).


We aim to analyze the right to privacy in contemporaneity, where information technologies are capable of constant surveillance through ubiquitous techniques of data collection, data processing and data mining. We argue that while the concept of privacy as the right to be let alone was sufficient to guarantee its protection in the past, technological innovation has required the adoption of new legal instruments as the right to privacy becomes ever so more complex. We espouse the theory of the multifunctionality of fundamental rights to explain this complexity, arguing that these rights encompass different iusfundamental juridical pretensions and establish both negative and positive obligations, materially and normatively, which can be seen in Brazil by its most recent Data Protection Law. We conclude that protecting the right to privacy in the digital age does not mean supporting the end of data collection practices, but defending these practices to be guided by the notions of transparency and accountability, in order to diminish the asymmetry between the subjects of the informational relationship.


Let $(A_x)_{x\in\mathbb{R}^d}$ be a locally integrable, centered, weakly stationary random field, i.e. $\mathbb{E}[A_x]=0$, ${\rm Cov}(A_x,A_y)=K(x-y)$, $\forall x,y\in\mathbb{R}^d$, with measurable covariance function $K:\mathbb{R}^d\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$. Assuming only that $w_t:=\int_{\{|z|\le t\}}K(z)dz$ is regularly varying (which encompasses the classical assumptions found in the literature), we compute $$\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}{\rm Cov}\left(\frac{\int_{tD}A_x dx}{t^{d/2}w_t^{1/2}}, \frac{\int_{tL}A_y dy}{t^{d/2}w_t^{1/2}}\right)$$ for $D,L\subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ belonging to a certain class of compact sets. As an application, we combine this result with existing limit theorems to obtain multi-dimensional limit theorems for non-linear functionals of stationary Gaussian fields, in particular proving new results for the Berry's random wave model. The novel ideas of this work are mainly based on regularity conditions for (cross) covariograms of Euclidean sets and standard properties of regularly varying functions.


This article investigates office-holding and private enterprise in eighteenth-century Sicily through a case study of the activities of Baron de Piro, a native of Malta. Based on documents held in Maltese and Sicilian archives, the article demonstrates how political developments in the kingdom both opened up and circumscribed the opportunities within which an upwardly-mobile household sought its fortune by identifying the social, political and economic contexts in which they operated. In doing so, it delivers insights into the impact of successive regime changes on the socio-economic landscape in Sicily as it passed from the Austrian Habsburgs to the Bourbons of Naples.


In this work, we report on the discovery of the full ß-sheet structural evolution in natural silk fibroin protein due to electron-protein interaction and its application in complex 3D protein nanofabrication. Using near-field infrared nano-imaging and nano-spectroscopy, the electron regulated silk fibroin protein polymorphic transitions are revealed at the resolution approaching the molecular limit. Taking advantage of the nature of the protein-electron interaction, which enables the protein to be used as an Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) resist with different structure formation mechanism, silk fibroin based complex 3D nanostructures can be fabricated.


This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary mugwort and fish oil on meat quality of chicken. Broilers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: 1) Control (commercial feed) 2) T1(commercial feed supplemented with 3% mugwort) 3) T2 (commercial feed with 4% fish oil) and 4) T3 (commercial feed with 3% mugwort and 4% fish oil). They were fed the experimental diets for five weeks and slaughtered. After that, the meat samples were vacuum packaged and stored at 41. The meat quality were analyzed for meat samples stored over a period of 0, 5, 10 and 15 days. The pH of all treatments significantly increased during the storage periods(p


Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are used for the removal of rectal carcinoid tumours. There are no current guidelines or consensus on the optimal treatment strategy for these lesions. A systematic review was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of ESD and EMR.


Abstract The radiolytic stability of different substituted diglycolamides such as N,N,N′,N′-tetrapentyl diglycolamides(TPDGA), N,N,N′,N′-tetrahexyl diglycolamide (THDGA), N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA), N,N,N′,N′-tetradecyl diglycolamide (TDDGA) and N,N,N′,N′-tetra-2-ethyl hexyl diglycolamide (T2EHDGA) was investigated in solvent systems containing 30% iso-decanol as a phase modifier in n-dodecane kept in contact with a 3 M HNO3 aqueous solution while irradiating in a gamma ray chamber up to 1000 kGy. The degradation of the solvent systems was qualitatively ascertained from measuring the distribution ratio values at 3 M and 0.2 M HNO3 which gave a direct indication of the reusability of the solvent for long term reuse in separation processes such as `actinide partitioning'. The effect of irradiation on distribution values of Sr, Pu, U was also investigated with diglycolamide extractants both under extraction and stripping conditions. Stoichiometry of the extracted species was determined for Am(III) extraction using the fresh as well as the irradiated solvent systems involving all the five substituted diglycolamides at 3 M HNO3 and the results indicated only marginal changes. GC-MS analysis was done for fresh and irradiated solvent systems of all the diglycolamides and attempts were made to identify the degradation products.


Let f(x) be real valued, bounded and, integrable in the sense of Riemann on the interval X = (0 < x < 1), with the value of its integral over X equal to one. For brevity we call such a function admissible.The symbol Xn k will always denote the interval an arbitrarily chosen point of Xn k and δ any specified set of intermediate points


Solid state gas sensors based on thin films of SnO2 can be very sensitive to small amounts of hazardous gases like hydrocarbons and carbonmonoxide. There are two models to explain the observed change in conductance, when the sensors are exposed to the gases: (1) Adsorption of the gas molecule at the surface and electron transfer from the gas molecule to the SnO2 or (2) adsorption of the gas followed by a reaction of the gas with previously adsorbed oxygen. The conductivity change is caused by the released electron which was captured by the oxygen during its adsorption. Experiments were carried out which support the second model. In order to get a stable gas sensor it is necessary to keep the surface of the SnO2 thin film in such a condition that the oxygen adsorption/desorption process can operate for a long time.


Dr. D. W. Bentley: Geriatric Medicine Grand Rounds today deals with the topic of rehabilitating the elderly amputee. Dr. Gary S. Clark, Assistant Professor of Preventive, Family, and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Rochester, and head of the Rehabilitation Unit at Monroe Community Hospital, will lead the discussion. Barbara Blue, RN, and John B. Bearer, RPT, will review specific aspects of rehabilitation nursing and physical therapy programs, respectively. Dr. G. S. Clark: I would like to begin our discussion with a case presentation, which will serve to illustrate many of the points to be reviewed.


It is shown analytically that, for focused transducers whose apertures have axes of symmetry, the Doppler spectrum shape is related to that of the aperture in a simple way. Specifically it is found that, for line flow through the focus, parallel to an aperture axis of symmetry, the Doppler amplitude spectrum has the shape of the aperture on either side of the axis of symmetry convolved with itself. The analysis is exact in the limit in which the wave fronts in the focal region are planar, i.e., when the transducer diameter to focal length ratio is sufficiently large. The theory is applied to the case of focused rectangular aperture transducers. For these the predicted spectral shape is that of a triangle, whose width is proportional to the product of the flow velocity, with the length of the side of the rectangle parallel to the flow. For flows with velocity components parallel to both sides of the rectangle, the Doppler spectrum is found to be the convolution of the spectra produced by each velocity component. A numerical calculation that does not make the limiting assumptions of the analysis predicts bandwidths within 10% of the analysis for transducer diameter‐to‐focal length ratios equal to or larger than 0.2. Experimental bandwidths for a thread phantom rotated about the beam axis of a focused strip agree with the numerical model to within 25%.