This work introduces a significant extension to the method p-cycles for network protection. The main advance is the generalization of the p-cycle concept to protect multi-span segments of contiguous working flow, not only spans that lie on the cycle or directly straddle the p-cycle. This effectively extends the p-cycle technique to include path protection or protection of any flow segment along a path as well as the original span protection use of p-cycles. It also gives an inherent means of transit flow protection against node loss. We develop a capacity optimization model for the new scheme and compare it to prior p-cycle designs and other types of efficient mesh-survivable networks. Results show that path-segment-protecting p-cycles have capacity efficiency near that of a path-restorable network is to suggest the use of flow p-cycles to protect transparent optical express flows through a regional network.


The Dagomba people of northern Ghana should not be Christian at all. Although there has been a Catholic presence for the last 50 years in Dagbon, the people have never felt the need for Christianity. But some of their number are now forming village-level Christian communities. Taking the stance that religion in Africa is about problem-solving, especially when it involves the unseen world, the authors surveyed 315 villagers, Catholics and non-Catholics, asking about their most important problems and if Christianity responded to them. The problems involve beliefs and practices concerning fate, dreams, witchcraft, "bad death", divination and the ancestors—things not usually the concern of Christian rituals. It was found that while Christians continue to have the same problems as their neighbors, they are not helped to solve them in a Christian way. But the Dagomba Christian communities are gradually drawing the attention of the Catholic Church to their needs and more creative and responsive rituals are appearing.


Objective Explore parents' point of view about forgoing life sustaining treatment (LST) in terminal critically ill children and factors affecting their decisions. Method This was a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with parents whose child died between 6–12 months old in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a university-affiliated teaching hospital. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Data were analyzed using interpretive description method. Result A total of 7 parents of 5 children decided to withhold or withdraw LST. Five parents from 4 children decided to sign the do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR), and none choose to withdrew the LST, including mechanical support. Factors influenced their decision were communication, value of children, child best interest, intuition, religious belief, and emotions. Economic factors did not influence the decision-making. Conclusion Most parents decided to sign the DNAR, none choose to withdrew mechanical support. Communication was the most important factor that influenced parents to make a forgoing LST decision.


Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is a rare neoplastic disorder occurring in early childhood often showing an aggressive progression. We report a case of a twin pair with concordant JMML but an extremely different disease course. Both twins presented with somatic aberrations of chromosome 7 and mutations in PTPN11. Analysis of sorted BM and PB cell populations revealed the clonal nature of the disease and indicated that genomic aberrations arise from common hematopoietic precursor cells. PTPN11 mutations in oral swab specimens of both patients during the active phase of the disease were attributed to monocytes infiltrating the oral mucosa and not to the presence of mosaic tissue mutations. This study provides evidence that the discordant clinical disease course in the twins is associated with a distinct gene expression profile.


Centered on carrying out the spirit of the "decision", the essay expounds the author's ideas about contents of strengthening the construction of the Party' style in colleges.


ABSTRACT This study investigated the predictors of attitudes toward acceleration as an educational intervention among primary school teachers in Mexico. For this purpose, data collected from a survey completed by 246 primary school teachers residing in two states of Mexico were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicated that school administrative support, socio-emotional impact, and state of residence may be predictive of supportive attitudes toward acceleration. In comparison, socio-emotional impact, contact with gifted persons, and self-perceptions of giftedness were identified to be predictive of perceptions that acceleration may be elitist. The implications of the study findings are discussed.


This report provides the status and results of the first year's effort in modeling and simulation to investigate alternatives to helium-3 for neutron detection in safeguards applications.


Epidemiologic data on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are relatively scarce, and its real incidence and prevalence are unknown. Recent studies suggest that mortality due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is rising in developed countries. OBJECTIVE: To describe mortality caused by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, from 1970 to 2000, analyzing its trend and comparing it with that from other countries. METHOD: Prevalence study, using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), analyzing death certificates in which idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was stated as the ultimate cause of death. RESULTS: Annual mortality rate adjusted to the population was 0.22/100,000 people in the 1970's, 0.3/100,000 people in the 1980's, and 0.48/100,000 people in the 1990's. Total mortality raised 36% from 1970 to 1980, and 73% from 1980 to 1990. The mortality rate adjusted to the population raised 36% and 60% during the same periods. The rise in both total and adjusted mortality from IPF was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mean mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants between 1996 and 1998, however, was 0.683, corresponding to a 70% increase when compared to the previous three-year period, which was 0.4 (p = 0.0002), probably reflecting coding practices. CONCLUSION: There was a significant increase in IPF mortality in RS from 1970 to 2000, partly due to changes in coding practices. This increase is in conformity with observations in other countries, although mortality rates in RS are considerably lower.


For any discrete time dynamical system with a rational evolution, we define an entropy, which is a global index of complexity for the evolution map. We analyze its basic properties and its relations to the singularities and the irreversibility of the map. We indicate how it can be exactly calculated.


With the implement of new curriculum all school workers including headmasters/headmistreses and teachers should also build fully new educational and teaching ideas.


The author of the article proposes to consider the rational and irrational in social communications in their dialectically contradictory unity on the basis of the methodology of the activity approach. In order to denote this unity the author introduces a new philosophical term "sipol". This term implies the consideration of the unity of the rational and the irrational as the unity of the two social and informational fields.


Melasma is an acquired increased pigmentation of the skin, characterized by gray-brown symmetrical patches, mostly in the sun-exposed areas of the skin. The pathogenesis is unknown, but genetic or hormonal influences with UV radiation are important. Our present research aims to study the clinicoepidemiological pattern and the precipitating or provocation factors in melasma. A total of 36 patients were enrolled for the study over a period of three months. The mean age of patients with melasma was 33.77 years, ranging from 21 to 44 years. Females comprised the majority of cases seen in 29 out of 36 cases and the common age group affected was in late third decade. The patients sought medical treatment on an average of 3.41 years after appearance of melasma. About 28% of our patients reported that their disease exacerbated during sun exposure. Among 36 female patients, 10 reported pregnancy and 13 reported oral contraceptive as the precipitating factors. A positive family history of melasma was observed in 13 (36%) patients. Centrofacial was the most common pattern (47.22%) observed in the present study. Wood light examination showed the epidermal type being the most common in 55.55% and dermal and mixed were seen in 22.22% and 16.66% of the cases, respectively. We tried to find an association with endocrinal diseases and observed that 5 of them had hypothyroidism. The exact cause of melasma is unknown. However, many factors have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of this disorder. Here we try to identify the causative factors and provocation to develop melasma.


Attribute based systems enable fine-grained access control among a group of users each identified by a set of attributes. Secure collaborative applications need such flexible attribute based systems for managing and distributing group keys. However, current group key management schemes are not well designed to manage group keys based on the attributes of the group members. In this paper, we propose novel key management schemes that allow users whose attributes satisfy a certain access control policy to derive the group key. Our schemes efficiently support rekeying operations when the group changes due to joins or leaves of group members. During a rekey operation, the private information issued to existing members remains unaffected and only the public information is updated to change the group key. Our schemes are expressive; they are able to support any monotonic access control policy over a set of attributes. Our schemes are resistant to collusion attacks; group members are unable to pool their attributes and derive the group key which they cannot derive individually. Experimental results show that our underlying constructs are efficient and practical.


An experiment in progress to measure the polarization of the recoil proton in the scattering of 225-Mev negative pions by protons is described. Such a polarization measurement requires looking for an azimuthal asymmetry in a further scattering of the recoil proton by a suitable target. The experimental setup is illustrated. (W.D.M.)


IntroductionEthics guiding the disclosure of information regarding research into online discussion forums stems from two models: the human subject model, which views the postings as extensions of humans, and the text as object model, which views the postings purely as textual objects separated from humans, and requiring no special consideration. Concerns focus on disclosure of too much information; this paper explores the risks associated with disclosure of too little information.Methods: An analysis of online responses (from emails, blogs, and elsewhere) to the author's previous publication in which the author withheld identifying information about the research site.Results: The non-disclosed information was requested, and reactions to non-disclosure on ethical grounds were mixed. While some accepted the ethical argument, others rejected it, calling into question the credibility and validity of the research, pressurising the author to reveal the details; others identified themselves as part of the research site. The desire for the information culminated in a detective game which ended only when a suitable site was identified as the research site.Discussion and Conclusion: As found by other researchers, the non-disclosure of information will not be unanimously acceptable, and the site will be sought. A model for further disguise, using a "Maryut site" is described.


Technological progress offers the chance to incorporate health interventions into everyday life, for example, on smartphones, which may be beneficial for people with mental illness. However, there is a large gap between what is technically feasible and what is known about effects on everyday life. For example, exercise is known to reduce depression symptoms in general, but specific influences of exercise interventions on everyday life mood, a core issue of depression, have yet to be studied. Therefore, we equipped 15 participants with depression with smartphone diaries for 3 days both before and after a 10-week exercise intervention. The participants answered 83.6% of all queries. Significant cross-level interaction effects in multilevel analyses revealed that people who engaged less in exercise at the start of the intervention showed greater improvements in everyday life mood (valence: b = 5.8; calmness: b = 5.3). Our results may serve as a tiny kick-off paving the way for evidence-based physical activity interventions on smartphones.


Deformation of an organic photosensitive azopolymer by near-field light generated by an optical fiber probe with a very small aperture diameter of about 50 nm is studied. The azopolymer is deformed in response to the polarization state of the light incident on the probe. If the probe aperture diameter is made smaller, the mark shape can be made smaller but the probe must be moved closer to the material. However, the mark width is about 6 times the probe aperture diameter. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(3): 55–61, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10129


Knowledge Intensive Knowledge Service (KIBS) is a kind of new service which emerged in knowledge-based economy.This article discusses the role of KIBS in economy, including its "catalyst" role in innovation process, its important role in innovation system as well as the mechanism and way of KIBS.


PURPOSE: A method for requesting information on a network subscriber station in a network of distributed stations and a network subscriber station for performing the method are provided to support only a word reading access operation during a block reading access operation, and allow network subscriber stations to integrate an indefinite error code which is not completely compatible with the standards and returned in a 'node information' table. CONSTITUTION: A node controller of a requesting network station sends a request for reading the first 24 bytes of a 'configuration ROM' of a specific network station to a transaction layer(30). The node controller checks whether an error code type 'ack_type_error' or 'resp_type_error' has been returned(31). If the error code type has been returned, the node controller attempts requesting of a station-specific information by using a word reading access operation(32). A count variable(i) is set as '1'(33). A request for reading the first quadlet of the 'configuration ROM' is sent to the transaction layer by using a quadlet reading access operation(34). The node controller checks whether an error code type 'resp_address error' has been returned(35). If valid data has been returned with no error code therein, an address for the next quadlet of the 'configuration ROM' is determined and the count variable(i) is increased(36). The node controller checks whether the index variable(i) has not exceeded '6' yet, and a following word reading access operation is performed(37).


— The usage of the grammatical passive voice in English and Chinese is analyzed and investigated by this study, making a comparison of the two different approaches Chinese and English have. When using a different language, different rules and customs are bound to appear, hence a different form of the passive voice with its different rules and usages is very likely to appear as well: this research highlights the differences between the two language and gives and insights for learners of either language. The reasons why the passive voice is used in both language and how are explained. The main features of both passive voices are also described.


In this paper, we presented the cases of tail strike of KAIRS, which is useful to establish the methods to decrease a risk, aircraft operation viewpoint.


Using a tight-binding model with four lattice sites per unit cell, we examine a three-dimensional Dirac electron in a single-component molecular conductor [Pd(dddt)2], which consists of HOMO and LUMO orbitals. The Dirac cone, which originates from the interplay of the intralayer and interlayer transfer energies, gives a semimetallic state owing to a slight variation in energy along the line of the Dirac point. Electronic states of the Dirac electron are examined by calculating the temperature (T) dependence of magnetic (spin) susceptibility. It is shown that magnetic susceptibility remains finite at zero temperature and the variation with increasing temperature exhibits a T-linear dependence. The role of the HOMO and LUMO orbitals is discussed in terms of local susceptibility.


Archaeology and Paleontology 1126. Babalola, A.B., Rehren, T., Ige, A., & McIntosh, S. (2018). The glass making crucibles from Ile-Ife, SW Nigeria. Journal of African Archaeology, 16, 31–59. Archaeological evidence of glass bead making at this scale has not previously been reported from West Africa. 1127. Bicho, N., Cascalheira, J., Haws, J., & Gonçalves, C. (2018). Middle Stone Age technologies in Mozambique: A preliminary study of the Niassa and Massingir regions. Journal of African Archaeology, 16, 60–82. The lithic assemblages from both areas show the use of centripetal technology. 1128. Biginagwa, T.J. & Ichumbaki, E.B. (2018). Settlement history of the islands on the Pangani River, northeastern Tanzania. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 53, 63–82. These settlements served as staging posts for trade caravans during the nineteenth century to provide food and security to coastal traders. 1129. Borrell, F., Alcalde, G., Clemente, I., Saña, M., . . ., Soler, N. (2018). Early Holocene occupations at Ashash Rock Shelter (Zemmur, Western Sahara). Journal of African Archaeology, 16, 83–103. The Epipalaeolithic occupation is strongly marked by the standardized production of geometric microliths and points using a microburin blow technique. 1130. Dı́az Hernández, R.A. (2017). The Egyptian temple as a place to house collections (from the Old Kingdom to the Late Period). The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 103, 3–11. A Current Bibliography on African Affairs 2019, Vol. 51(4) 299–362 ! The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/0011325519847551 journals.sagepub.com/home/cba Nouophores can be distinguished in Egyptian temples: statues displayed in the temple, and ritual objects of costly materials stored in special chambers. 1131. Feuerriegel, E.M., Green, D.J., Walker, C.S., Schmid, P., . . ., Churchill, S.E. (2017). The upper limb of Homo naledi. Journal of Human Evolution, 104, 155–173. TheH. naledi upper limb is markedly primitive, retaining morphology conducive to climbing while lacking many of the derived features related to effective throwing or running. 1132. Gestrich, N. & MacDonald, K.C. (2018). On the margins of Ghana and Kawkaw: Four seasons of excavation at Tongo. Maaré Diabal (AD 500–1150), Mali. Journal of African Archaeology, 16, 1–30. We provide evidence of a specialized blacksmithing community situated at the margins of early Middle Niger and Niger Bend statehood and urbanization. 1133. Holowka, N.B., O'Neill, M.C., Thompson, N.E., & Demes, B. (2017). Chimpanzee and human midfoot motion during bipedal walking and the evolution of the longitudinal arch of the foot. Journal of Human Evolution, 104, 23–31. Both stiffness and mobility are important to longitudinal arch function. The human foot evolved to utilize both during push off in bipedal walking. 1134. Kinahan, J. (2018). A ritual assemblage from the third millennium BC in the Namib Desert and its implications for the archaeology and rock art of shamanic performance. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 53, 40–62. Ritual paraphernalia depicted in the rock art provide new insights into the nature of shamanic performance here. 1135. Kraemer, B. (2017). A Shrine of Pepi I in South Abydos. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 103, 13–34. The inscriptions use Pepi's 'Son of Hathor of Dendera' name, which may help to date the shrine's construction. 1136. Laird, M.F., Schroeder, L., Garvin, H.M., Scott, J.E., . . ., de Ruiter, D.J. (2017). The skull of Homo naledi. Journal of Human Evolution, 104, 100–123. We discuss the evolutionary implications of its cranial morphology in a range of chronological frameworks because of the absence of dated remains. 300 A Current Bibliography on African Affairs 51(4)


Even as socialist parties were growing in size and strength, another political and cultural conflict raged: the emergence of feminism. In the context of the Victorian era, most Europeans believed in the doctrine of gender relations known as "separate spheres." In separate spheres, it was argued that men and women each had useful and necessary roles to play in society, but those roles were distinct from one another. The classic model of this concept was that the man's job was to represent the family unit in public and make decisions that affected the family, while the woman's job was to maintain order in the home and raise the children, albeit under the "veto" power of her husband. The Code Napoleon, in Article 231, proclaimed that the husband owed his wife protection, and the wife owed her husband obedience. Until the late nineteenth century, most legal systems officially classified women with children and the criminally insane in having no legal identity.


Objective To design a novel medical infrared real-time imaging system based on uncooled focal plane assembly(UFPA).Methods The hardware includes optics,infrared detector,thermal image acquisition pre-treatment circuit and portable computer.The software includes original image data acquisition and correction module,image real-time treatment and display module,pseudo-color treatment module and image storage and off-line analysis module.Two points revising method was proposed aiming at the unevenness of pixel.Results Dispensing with refrigeration,the resolution of medical infrared real-time imaging system was 0.1℃.The measuring temperature ranged from-20℃ to 100℃ with ambient temperature ranging from 0℃~40℃.The real-time imaging speed was 25 frame/s.Conclusion The medical infrared real-time imaging system can form infrared image in real-time,which meets the requirement of clinical application.


This article analyzes the present state of GPS system, possibilities and constraints of the mobile robot localization under environment influences. Real measured data from GPS receiver are statistically evaluated.


ABSTRACTBlood samples with ethanol added in the laboratory and stored in "approved" containers, as defined in Paragraph 254 (1) (b) of the Criminal Code of Canada (1), namely "VACUTAINER® XF 947" were analyzed by a gas chromatography (GC) method using an internal standard over a period of 31 weeks.Additional blood samples of actual forensic cases received and stored in the laboratory for at least one year were also analyzed prior to destruction, and results compared with the analysis of the first sample. Ail samples exhibited a decline in ethanol concentration.


The new scientific discipline of psychologic (PL) is introduced. PL is an explication and formalization of the basic conceptual structure of psychology. The current version contains 26 axioms, 83 definitions, and more than 150 corollaries and theorems. The formalization allows one to distinguish between the a priorilnoncontingent and the empiricall contingent and hence to discover and prevent pseudoempirical research. This is research attempting to test a priori and necessarily true propositions empirically. Nine cases ofpseudoempirical research are presented. It is also argued that there can be no general and empirical psychological laws, only local, historically determined regularities. The selection and evaluation of concepts and definitions in PL are assumed to take place through discussions within the scientific community, and empirical research is seen as irrelevant to this process. Several objections to PL are discussed. Finally, the implications of the new disciplinefor publication policies andfor the training ofpsychologists are mentioned.


The optimum conditions for the color reaction of Cu 2+ with cadion by phase-separation photometry were studied. It is found that in a borate buffer of pH 10, a red complex of mole ratio of R∶M=2∶1, is formed with a higher concentration of cadion A and emulsifier OP than the conventional photometric method. The phase separation is completed by heating in a water bath at 95±1℃ for 45min. The absorption maxima of the complex is found at 514nm. The molar absorptivity of the complex in the separated phase achieved to a value of 3.85×10 5L·mol -1 ·cm -1 , which is about 3 times higher than that of the ordinary photometric method, and a much lower detection limit (7.2×10 -9 g·ml -1 ) is found. Beer′s law holds in the concentration range of 0~7μg of Cu 2+ per 50ml of solution. This method has been used in the determination of trace amounts of copper in human hair and in aluminum alloy with satisfactory results.


The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of service quality on customer value as well as on public hospital patient satisfaction. Population studies were conducted in government hospitals. Data analysis used structural equation modeling partial least square. Sample in this research are 158 patients from government hospitals in the district Bandug, Indonesia. The results showed a significant influence on service quality on customer value and patient satisfaction. Furthermore, the results also showed that gender plays a role as moderating variable between customer value and patient satisfaction. This indicates that the services provided by public hospitals can improve customer value implications on patient satisfaction.


The traffic has been transformed into the difficult structure in points of designing and managing by the reason of increasing number of vehicle. This situation has discovered road accidents problem, influenced public health and country economy and done the studies on solution of the problem. Large calibrated data agglomerations have increased by the reasons of the technological improvements and data storage with low cost. Arising the need of accession to information from this large calibrated data obtained the corner stone of the data mining. In this study, assignment of the most compatible machine learning classification techniques for road accidents estimation by data mining has been intended.


Silicone hydrogel contact lens manufacturers do not only invest in research and development but also absorb the technical knowledge of their competitors. It is an important issue to recognize the position and role on the technological network. This study first combines the in-degree centrality, out-degree centrality, and eigenvector centrality of the patent search network into two variables of activeness and passiveness by principal component analysis. The authors then decide on cluster counts and classify all companies into these clusters by a twostage analysis. The first stage contains variance ratio criteria and 1-way MANOVA to decide on three clusters and the second-stage groups by Activeness and Passiveness as cluster variables of Kmeans clustering and tests significance of these three positions by MANOVA. This study finds out that the roles of these three positions are knowledge absorber, knowledge producer and knowledge inertia.


kerchief of white linen. It is Dr. Beans. It contains his passport, made out at Washington July 12th, 1870, and forwarded to him at 58 Saratoga St., Baltimore Md. We find he is sent out by the Smithsonian Institution, and is recommended to the respectful attention and helpfulness of scientific people in Europe. There are some fine geological specimens found by him in the last few days.?There is a needle book and buttons, silk, cotton, and other endearing evidences of a woman's care. In an unsealed


The Connected Vehicle enabled Freeway Merge Assistance system is developed by the University of Virginia Center for Transportation Studies, with the aim of reducing conflicts between merging vehicles in freeway ramp area. Initial simulation evaluation results showed that the merge assistance system has significant potential to increase capacity of freeway merge areas and reduce accidents by minimizing the number of conflicts between vehicles. As a next step of evaluation, a field test is conducted at a Connected Vehicle test bed to investigate drivers' response to the personalized advisories relayed by this system. This paper provides an overview of the field test methodology, system architecture, stated preference survey and presents preliminary results for this prototype freeway merge assistance system developed for the Connected Vehicle Environment. The revealed and stated preference data gathered will be used to develop an advisory response model that will incorporate drivers' response variability in the simulation evaluation framework of the freeway merge assistance system.


Rabies is a worldwide zoonosis caused by rabies virus (RABV), a member of the Lyssavirus genus, family Rhabdoviridae. In nature, RABV is maintained in cycles with distinct natural reservoirs. In the urban cycle, the main reservoir for the virus is the domestic dog, on the other hand, in the sylvatic cycle different species can be the reservoir. In Latin America, the main natural RABV reservoir is the haematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus. However, RABV lineages adapted to different bat species, including insectivorous and frugivorous bats, have been frequently reported. The RABV lineages isolated from non haematophagous bats are genetically distinct from the RABV lineages whose natural reservoirs are haematophagous bats. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, urban rabies has not been detected since 1988. Nevertheless, rabies remains endemic in haematophagous and non haematophagous bat species. The present work reports the first phylogenetic analyses on RABV isolates from the State of RS, for that, a total of 30 rabies virus (RABV) isolates sent to rabies diagnosis were analyzed. The isolates were recovered from different bat species (Tadarida brasiliensis, Myotis nigricans and Histiotus velatus), from herbivores (bovines and buffalo) and carnivores (domestic dog and cat). The bat species were identified with the aid of a morphological dichotomous key. For the phylogenetic analysis, total RNA was extracted from original brains (herbivores and carnivores) or infected mice (bats) with Trizol and submitted to reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers targeting a initial portion of the nucleoprotein gene (N). Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced fragments revealed the occurrence of four RABV lineages, named after its natural hosts: Desmodus rotundus (haematophagous bat), Tadarida brasiliensis (insectivorous bat), Myotis nigricans (insectivorous bat) and Histiotus velatus (insectivorous bat). All RABV isolates from herbivores belonged to the haematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus lineage. The two RABV isolates from carnivores clustered within the Tadarida brasiliensis lineage, revealing two occasional spillovers from insectivorous bats to domestic pets, thus not compromising the status of "urban rabies free" of the area. These findings highlight the importance of the identification of RABV lineages and its value as an aid to support rabies surveillance.


The aim of this paper is to review the principal assumptions and aspects of the unitary household model and collective models of household behaviour. Empirical studies are presented to assess whether the theories can offer adequate descriptions of household behaviour and to examine the types of policy implications that can be drawn from these. The paper concludes that the models reviewed lack the analytical tools to provide an understanding of the reality of households.


We point out that the usual quantum-chromodynamics (QCD) analysis of data on the production of direct photons in hadron collisions in terms of (quark + gluon) \ensuremath{\rightarrow} (quark + photon) Compton scattering breaks down when ${x}_{T}(=\frac{2{p}_{T}}{\sqrt{s}})$ becomes large (e.g., ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10$ GeV at $\sqrt{s}=63$ GeV). The bremsstrahlung of photons by quarks produced with large transverse momentum eventually dominates the lowest-order graphs. We speculate that this trend is already present in recent measurements of hadrons produced in association with direct photons. Studying the interplay of the QCD and bremsstrahlung mechanisms greatly enhances the scope as well as the sensitivity of QCD tests. The data at large ${x}_{T}$ can directly probe the scaling violations of the gluon structure function, the three-gluon vertex, and the photon structure function.


In this paper, we focus on survey results of students' use of a Mathematics Support Centre website. We discuss potential modifications to the advertisement of our online services based on student responses. We also consider the purpose of an MSC website and who should be responsible, in an institution, for the provision of topic specific online resources for students.


We applied for the first time two-photon polarization spectroscopy to study in detail a hydrogen plasma far off thermodynamic equilibrium generated in a hollow cathode discharge. The aim of the investigation is to measure important plasma parameters like atomic ground state densities, electron densities, local electric field strength and kinetic temperatures. This is possible, because an advanced UV laser spectrometer is providing sufficient power at 243 nm in a narrow spectral bandwidth, that allows to resolve the hyperfine structure of the 1S-2S hydrogen transition.


In Ovid's stories one finds metamorphoses where the outward appearance is transformed while the inner being remains the same. This chapter argues that the reverse can occasionally be detected in the poetic language: when an expression is repeated, the appearance (word) is the same while the inner being (meaning) is not. In three cases, from the stories of Echo, Pygmalion, and the plague in Aegina, it is shown that the hidden transformations are subtly signalled by the poet. In the first and third cases, the poet's hints to the readers have been overlooked; as a result, lines containing one or both of the expressions have been considered interpolations by some critics. Arguments are presented in support of their authenticity, and it is suggested that textual problems which may have arisen from early readers' failure to catch a hint by the poet can be eliminated in two cases by means of conjectures rather than by bracketing entire lines. In the third case the meaning of a repeated expression undergoes a transformation by reappearing in a different generic surrounding.


We tackle the problem of producing depth maps from stereo video. Some algorithms for doing this using correspondences produce noisy output. Chan et al. (2011) [2] use convex optimization techniques to reduce noise and also smooth out the depth maps over time. We start with the noisy output of OpenCV and apply this technique to smooth it, developing some refinements along the way. Specifically, we ignore pixels with the highest possible depth value (as this indicates that no correspondence was found for the pixel), and we make the smoothing less aggressive if the pixels differ by color. These refinements improve the smoothing to yield more accurate depth estimates. We test the algorithm on multiple videos and find that it generally performs well as long as OpenCV's output was somewhat reasonable.


Abstract:Nothing puzzles sociologists of religion more than the reasons and the patterns behind religious change. In the literature on secularization processes, it is broadly accepted that ongoing modernization has undermined many of the pillars of institutional religions, leading to widespread religious decline. While a considerable body of research investigates the "why(s)" of this decline, the main focus of this paper is on the "how." Drawing on CARPE, a harmonized dataset concerning church attendance with almost 2 million observations spanning over 40 years in 39 European countries, this article disentangles the contributions of period change and cohort replacement to the general religious decline. It shows that this decline reflects a real population dynamic based on generational replacement. It is not historical events or developments affecting everyone that undermine religion: new and less religious cohorts are replacing old and more religious ones. Like many other population dynamics, this process is described by an S-shaped curve and applies—with different speeds and levels—to almost all the European countries considered herein. These findings suggest that the effects of the processes of modernization on the mechanisms of religious socialization should be scrutinized more carefully when studying the reasons behind religious decline.


Incidence of auxiliary head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle has been described repeatedly. Accessory head has been noted arising from the lateral or more rarely from the medial border of the coronoid process of the ulna. During routine dissection we found a rare case of additional slip of tendinous origin of flexor pollicis longus muscle from the medial epicondyle of the humerus. However, such anomaly was not found on the left side. The embryological source and clinical impact of current incident is discussed.


The formalism for a non-Abelian pure gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions has recently been derived within discretized light-cone quantization, restricting to the lowest {ital transverse} momentum gluons. It is argued why this model can be a paradigm for full QCD. The physical vacuum becomes nontrivial even in light-cone quantization. The approach is brought here to tractable form by suppressing by hand both the dynamical gauge and the constraint zero mode, and by performing a Tamm-Dancoff-type Fock-space truncation. Within that model the Hamiltonian is diagonalized numerically, yielding mass spectra and wave functions of the glueball states. We find that only color singlets have a stable and discrete bound state spectrum. The connection with confinement is discussed. The structure function of the gluons has a shape such as [{ital x}(1{minus}{ital x})]{sup 1}{sup /}{sup 3}. The existence of the continuum limit is verified by deriving a coupled set of integral equations. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Fluorescence spectroscopic investigations o f aqueous terbium(III) solutions at 50 MPa and temperatures up to 200 ° C The fluorescence emission o f Tb3+ in aqueous solution at temperatures up to 200 °C and pressures up to 50 MPa is measured and discussed. The com position o f the solutions was: Tb3+ 0.01 molar, NaCl 1 molar. H2SO4 0.05 and 0.5 molar. It is found, that a pressure o f 50 MPa is without influence on the emission. The augm entation o f the temperature to 200 °C leads to an increase of radiationless desactivation for the fluorescence transitions 5D4- 7F4 (583 ± 1 nm) and 5D 4- 7F3 (618 ± 1 nm). The emission by the transition 5D4-7F5 (544.5 ± 1 nm) remained nearly unchanged in intensity and lifetim e also at higher temperature.


Purpose of the Review This paper reviews progress in the field of landscape ecology related to the development of landscape metrics (i.e., spatial pattern indices). We first review the major formative historical developments that contributed to the coalescence of landscape metrics as a sub-field of landscape ecology and then examine recent literature highlighting several shortcomings related to their utility for understanding ecological processes and discuss several alternative approaches. Recent Findings Recent research recognizes some limitations of the patch-mosaic model (PMM), including the landscape metrics based on it, for capturing landscape heterogeneity and measuring functionality. Collapsing land cover information into nominal classes complicates identification of ecologically meaningful relationships and effective management. We explore several alternative methods for capturing landscape functionality and spatial heterogeneity including graph-based networks and gradient surface models with associated surface metrics. Summary With complementary patch-based, gradient, and graph network models available, the goal for landscape ecologists is to select the correct approach, or combination of approaches, for investigating the issue at hand. Biases associated with the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) and its connection to heterogeneity and scale—both grain and extent—complicate these decisions, but empirical tools from spatial allometry may improve the ability for landscape ecologists to assess where metrics are capturing ecological processes versus the scale-dependency of the metrics themselves.


This article provides a model framework to characterize the process of stochastic learning during the period of divergence from a de jure currency regime. The model outcome shows that divergence from a de jure regime is a process of slow learning in small steps, which indicates that the learning completes over time. Therefore, divergence does not have a long-term effect on the distribution of exchange rate regime. Empirical illustration indicates that countries work toward the development of their financial sector during the period of divergence.


Oral sex continues to be a source of confusion in determining its risk for HIV transmission. Educator Dave Nimmons concludes that oral sex offers a possible, but very low, risk of HIV infection and states that much of the concern about oral sex and HIV prevention centers around two dozen cases of single occurrences of oral transmission from all over the world. Many researchers believe that knowledge about this small number of cases facilitates informed decisions about risk and demonstrates under which conditions transmission is possible. There is concern, however, that because a single case can personalize an issue, it can have a more powerful effect on an individual's imagination than a study with many participants. To reduce HIV transmission risk, researcher Paul O'Malley suggests avoiding trauma to the mouth and throat, especially vigorous or prolonged oral sex, avoiding oral sex when infections or abrasions in the mouth and throat are present, and avoiding the use of stimulant substances that dull sensation. At the Vancouver conference, there was little disagreement from a panel of experts that oral sex is an extremely low-risk activity. Researcher Traux presented results from a multivariate analysis of risk assessment data from HIV-antibody testing interviews and found that anal sex and drug use were associated with increased seroprevalence and oral sex was not. Interestingly, there was no statistically significant difference in seroprevalence rates between people who used condoms during oral sex and those who did not. The panels also discussed a recent study in which six out of seven rhesus monkeys became infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) after it was dabbed on the back of their mouths. Effective counselors and educators can work to raise consciousness about the actual risk of transmission from oral sex, determine whether an individual can increase or decrease this risk, determine the meaning of oral sex in a person's life, and the extent to which the person is comfortable taking any risk.


Objective To investigate the influence of different bracket base surfaces(swallow-tail-backed and mesh-backed) on the bond strength of metal brackets to porcelain.Methods Methods 80 ceramics specimen were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups according to different conditioning techniques:(A)deglazing by grinding and bonding swallow-tail-backed metal brackets,(B)deglazing by grinding and bonding mesh-backed metal brackets,(C) etching with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid(HF) and bonding swallow-tail-backed metal brackets,(D) etching with 9.6% HF and bonding mesh-backed metal brackets.Each group was further divided into 2 groups randomly and equally:(1) all specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37℃ for 24 hours,(2) untreated.Silane coupling agents and Durafill BondTM adhesive were utilized to bond the bracket onto each sample.The shear bond strength and the Adhesive remnant index(ARI) were determined.Results After artificial saliva bath,the swallow-tail-backed groups resulted in a statistically significant higher bond strength.Deglazing specimens,mesh-backed group in which has a statistically significant higher adhesive remnant index(ARI).Conclusion The swallow-tail-backed groups resulted in a higher bond strength(SBS).The deglazing group had a higher SBS than the group of etching with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid(HF) for 3 min.


Objective To establish a method of gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry(GC-NCI-MS) for measuring perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) in human serum.Methods Serum PFOA was extracted by a solid-phase method,and after reacting with an acetyl reagent,was quantified by GC-NCI-MS,with perflurodecanoic acid methyl ester as an internal standard.The procedure was applied to a study,where serum samples were collected from 84 postpartum mothers from an e-waste recycling area and from 57 postpartum mothers from a control area.Results The created calibration curve was linear over a concentration range from 1.0 μg/L to 1.0×105 μg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 267.The average recovery rate of PFOA was 91.9%-98.1% and its coefficient of variation was 1.57 %-5.17 %.The limit of detectionwas 0.2 μg/L.The median of PFOA level in postpartum maternal sera from the e-waste recycling area was 1.70 μg/L,significantly higher than 0.87 μg/L from the control area(P0.01).Conclusion The method of GC-NCI-MS,using internal standards and derivation techniques,is sensitive and fast in measuring PFOA in human serum.


In the fall of 1950, Ansel Adams (1902–1984) published My Camera in the National Parks, a large-format book containing thirty photo engravings depicting national parks and natural monuments across the United States and the territories of Alaska and Hawai'i. On the dust jacket cover, Adams featured The Teton Range and the Snake River, Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole National Monument, Wyoming (fig.1). Today, the image is emblematic of the photographer and his heroic view of the American landscape. It exemplifies Adams's signature style as it was solidified in the process of the book's production: an expansive depth of field, an elevated perspective, and a wide tonal range combine to create a powerful and optimistic expression of nature's beauty.1 In his introductory essay, Adams underscored the "moral sublime" of his images, framing the book as a testament to the significant role nature played in American society and calling on the public to engage with and protect their shared national heritage.2 Published in the wake of the Second World War, the book—and its cover image especially—repeated a wellworn dictum that harnessed the land as a symbol of American strength and resilience in the face of trying times.3


A 32-year-old pregnant woman was referred due to moderate abdominal pain in the 6 + 3 week of gestation. The pregnancy resulted from an IVF-treatment. The actual level of HCG was 39.000U/l. The medical history revealed a rightsided ectopic pregnancy right with salpingectomy. The transvaginal ultrasound demonstrated a vital intrauterine pregnancy and simultaneously an ectopic, intramural pregnancy on the right sight. The heterotopic pregnancy was treated by laparoscopic excision of the ectopic implantation. The further course of the intrauterine pregnancy was eventless. The patient delivered a healthy girl at 40 + 5 weeks of gestation. Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancies. Early sonographic diagnosis is crucial to avoid prevent maternal complications and preserve the intrauterine pregnancy. Conflict of Interest


Introduced the approach to teaching reform according to the center of course building.According to high education classic course,discussed how to accelerate teaching recourse building and impel innovation of teaching content and teaching method and means.


OBJECTIVE
To identify computer facilities available in 3 dental schools where 3 different approaches to the use of technology-based learning material have been adopted and assess dental students' perception of their own computer skills and their attitudes towards information technology.

DESIGN
Multicentre cross sectional by questionnaire.

SUBJECTS
All 181 dental students in their final year of study (1997-8).

RESULTS
The overall participation rate was 80%. There were no differences between schools in the students' self assessment of their IT skills but only 1/3 regarded themselves as competent in basic skills and nearly 50% of students in all 3 schools felt that insufficient IT training had been provided to enable them to follow their course without difficulty. There were significant differences between schools in most of the other areas examined which reflect the different ways in which IT can be used to support the dental course.

CONCLUSIONS
1. Students value IT as an educational tool. 2. Their awareness of the relevance of a knowledge of information technology for their future careers remains generally low. 3. There is a need to provide effective instruction in IT skills for those dental students who do not acquire these during secondary education.


A new inorganic ion exchanger thorium iodate was synthesized and characterized by studying the properties like ion exchange capacity, pH titration curves, distribution coefficients for various metal ions, effect of hydrated ionic radii, temperature, electrolyte concentration, etc on the ion exchange capacity. The empirical formula proposed for the ion exchanger is ThO 2 .I 2 O 5 .nH 2 O. Important binary as well as ternary separations were carried out. The synthetic utility of the exchanger is revealed from the separation studies. The separation performed on the ion exchanger column is very important for the environmentalists, since the mixtures analysed are Cu 2+ -Pb 2+ , Ni 2+ -Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ -Pb 2+ and Hg 2+ -Pb 2+ .


Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) of the uterine cervix is a rare malignancy with uncertain pathogenesis and aggressive clinical behavior. The diagnosis of this tumor poses a challenge to the cytopathologist since accurate diagnosis is based on identification of two malignant components, that is, epithelial and sarcomatoid. Most cases usually lack the sarcomatoid component on Papanicolaou test (Pap test). Therefore, a poorly differentiated carcinoma or malignant neoplasm is the most often rendered diagnosis. To date, less than 20 cases have been reported. Most of these cases were diagnosed by histopathologic findings. To our knowledge, cytomorphologic findings of SSCC on a liquid‐based Pap test, with utility of cell block sections, in recognition of the two components of tumor, with follow‐up histopathologic correlation have not been described. A case of SSCC occurring in a 57‐year‐old postmenopausal woman, describing the cytologic features on a liquid‐based Pap‐test, histopathologic findings of subsequent cervical biopsy, differential diagnosis, and role of ancillary studies are illustrated and discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:137–142. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The secretory products of the sweat glands and the sebaceous glands are in several respects physio-logically important. The function ofthe sweat in the excretion of waste products and in the regulation of body temperature is well known. The sebum from the sebaceous glands doubtless aids in preventing the penetration of harmful substances into the skin, it affords protection against the disintegrating in-fluence of external moisture, it gives pliability to the skin, and it contains provitamin D (Dukes, 1947). whilst in illness the fur may be dry and the hair brittle perhaps due to lack of sebum. Moreover, the secretion products the skin are to have antimicrobial properties.


Our studies of the credentials and usefulness of muscle biopsies involved us in the elaboration of standards for composition of muscle in fit subjects. To this end, samples were taken whilst patients were anaesthetised for another operation. We present here evidence that muscle relaxants do not affect water and electrolyte content of muscle. sterile acid-washed container, which was then put into a vacuum flask containing solid CO 2, Samples were handled throughout with forceps. Analytical routine and methods were as described elsewhere (Flear, and Florence, 1961), except for analysis of chloride which was estimated amperometrically (Cotlove, Trantham and Bowman, 1958).


In this paper, we analyze the performance of MAC (Media Access Control) layer in DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication). It will be widely applied for ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) services; for example ETC (Electric Toll Control), BIS (Bus Information System) etc., needed to small packet size. But If ITS service is evolving to advance ITS, ADIS (Advanced Driver Information Systems) and AVHS (Advanced Vehicle Highway System) etc, be needed larger packet size. In the future, it may offer more various services such as traffic information, collection, and multimedia information. There are two kind of physical media, IR(Infrared) and RF(Radio frequency). And each system has their own protocol that is adaptive in special characteristics of physical medium for using efficiently limited radio resources. In this paper, we analyze the special characteristics of each system. And we study practical use of some related services expected to be used in the near future, by analyzing the transmission efficiency in each DSRC system.


Response generation for task-oriented dialogues implicitly optimizes two objectives at the same time: task completion and language quality. Conditioned response generation serves as an effective approach to separately and better optimize these two objectives. Such an approach relies on system action annotations which are expensive to obtain. To alleviate the need of action annotations, latent action learning is introduced to map each utterance to a latent representation. However, this approach is prone to over-dependence on the training data, and the generalization capability is thus restricted. To address this issue, we propose to learn natural language actions that represent utterances as a span of words. This explicit action representation promotes generalization via the compositional structure of language. It also enables an explainable generation process. Our proposed unsupervised approach learns a memory component to summarize system utterances into a short span of words. To further promote a compact action representation, we propose an auxiliary task that restores state annotations as the summarized dialogue context using the memory component. Our proposed approach outperforms latent action baselines on MultiWOZ, a benchmark multi-domain dataset.


The ability to communicate is critical for enhancing the learning experience. Integrated messaging applications, such as Discord, are critical with the increased diffusion of digitally mediated courses. The Discord application allows educators and students to readily communicate learning experiences within asynchronous and synchronous environments by sending messages, images, links, audio, and video. Our systematic review sought to understand the benefits and challenges of using the Discord application in higher education courses. We summarized research from eight empirical studies within global higher education. Benefits of using Discord included ease of access, user-friendliness, useful communication and interaction, and increased social presence leading to enhanced student learning outcomes. Challenges included the increased potential for distraction and technology issues, both of which can inhibit engagement. Practical recommendations and future research recommendations regarding the use of Discord are provided.


The goal of this study is to explore the feasibility of utilizing a network of orbiting satellites working as a distributed-computing array. The satellites are presumed to be low-cost mini- or microsatellites orbiting Earth or some other celestial body (i.e., an asteroid, moon, etc.), and should have regular communication links between the satellites such that any given satellite can transmit data to any other satellite in the network; however, as a low-cost and potentially remotely operated mission scenario, it is assumed that the downlink bandwidth via Earth-based ground stations will be very limited. As such, the goal of the networked array of satellites is to directly compute the data or science product in orbit as opposed to the traditional scheme of downloading all of the raw data and processing the results on the ground. Not all observation techniques will benefit from this space-based distributed-computing approach, but case studies involving the gravity-field determination of Earth and other plan...


The seismic vulnerability of a historical masonry building located in rural area of Akita is investigated in this research. The study of these types of buildings is essential due to that there are not specific regulations for masonry buildings and that only few researches have been performed in the field of masonry constructions. As an initial step to estimate the seismic vulnerability of these historical constructions evaluation of dynamic characteristics of the target building has been undertaken. For this purpose, microtremor measurements in the building were carried out. To calibrate the analytical FEM model, mechanical parameters of masonry brick units were estimated by a series of laboratory test on some stock brick units available near the building under study. Good agreement between modes of vibrations estimated from microtremor measurements and from FEM model was obtained.


Abstract The potential impact of climate change is widely known as having serious consequences. The themes of water desalination and gas separation are closely related to the environment and energy industry. Graphene-based membranes are promising filtration devices for the two tasks. This review aims to supply a comprehensive overview of the recent computational studies investigating the performance of graphene-based membranes used in water desalination or gas separation. With the use of computational methods, the literature covered finds evidence for key factors, such as pore shape and density, affecting the performance of the investigated membranes. The reviewed studies are expected to act as an impulse towards more computational studies and eventually actual design of graphene-based membranes for water desalination and gas separation.


The digital era has radically changed the context in which the tourist service is delivered and experienced, changing the decision processes of consumer and company business models. It is necessary to contact the tourism services customer with non-intrusive techniques, at the beginning of their purchase process and accompany them until the final transaction. The main objective of this case study is to analyze the methodology of inbound marketing and show how The Costa del Sol Planning & Tourism Board could work on its sustainable customer relationship model under the concept of seducing the tourist by being pioneers in the application of this strategy to attract tourism after the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Conclusions of this study include measures to restore travelers' confidence which will play an important role in attracting tourists after crisis. An inbound marketing strategy will provide a response as it is based on contact with the future tourist through highly specialized content.


Introduction: Coronary angioplasty is not widely conducted in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Senegal in particular. The objective of this work was to describe the indications, techniques, results and difficulties of coronary angioplasty in Senegal. Patients and Methods: We prospectively included all patients who underwent coronary angioplasty between July 2012 and November 2014. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, techniques used, and the peri-procedural complications. Results: 110 coronary angioplasties were performed at the cardiac catheterisation unit of the Clinique du Golf in Dakar. The average age of patients was 60.41 ± 10.93 years. A male predominance was noted with a sex ratio of 6.3. Hypertension was found in 57% of patients. The principal indications for coronary angioplasty were for the management of acute coronary syndromes with or without ST elevation, in 29 and 39 patients respectively. The femoral artery was the puncture site in 104 patients. The lesions treated were type A/B1 or B2/C in 53 and 57 cases respectively. The success rates of coronary angioplasties and 30-day mortality were 91% and 0.9% respectively. Conclusion: In sub-Saharan Africa, Senegal in particular, the practice of coronary angioplasty is low. Indeed, many factors linked to socioeconomic status limit the development of coronary angioplasty in Senegal.


13011 Background: Recurrent MG have poor prognosis and low response rates to available treatments. Following data from Vredenburg´s phase II trial (pro ASCO 2005) some centres began to treat recurrent MG with bevacizumab and irinotecan. The aim of this study is to confirm efficacy and safety of this combination in non-selected consecutive patients (pts). Methods: Data from 6 Spanish hospitals was collected retrospectively. All pts were > 18 years, had to sign an informed consent and to present: histological documented MG; progression after radiation and temozolomide; measurable disease on MRI; have received at least 3 infusions of treatment schedule: Irinotecan 125mg/m2 and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for a maximum of a year. Response rate (RR) was determinate by MRI (performed every 6 cycles) using McDonald criteria. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by Kaplan Meier method. Results: From August 2006 to October 2007, 44 consecutive pts (28 Glioblastoma, 11 An...


Financial variables are of primary importance in financial modeling, fraud detection, financial distress management, price modeling, credit and risk evaluations and in evaluating the return on assets and portfolios. There usually exist a large number of financial variables, where their exhaustive integration in a model increases its dimensionality and the associated computational time. We extensively tackle this problem in this paper. In this paper, we present a modified version of mRMR feature selection model to deal with financial features by ranking features first and then finding the best subset and uncertainty related to it using likelihood evaluation. The wellknown measurement formula of mRMR is considered for ranking financial features using correlation similarity measurement and the concept of minimum redundancy and maximum relevance of financial features and return of assets. Then, likelihood calculations inherently account for the mutual correlations between the variables as well as between the variables and the return on asset and result in a unique 'likelihood' value that has a correlation with the return on asset that can be maximized by adding and removing variables from the subset. We conducted experimental studies on Dow Jones Industrial Average to study the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach both in terms of financial variable selection as well as its application in Stock trading recommendation model and potential price forecasting. The performance is evaluated and the proposed approach shows promise.


The literatures of ceremony and ritual link behavior, affect, and identity. We know relatively little, however, about acknowledgment practices in contexts of high uncertainty. To understand event interpretation and response, we studied narratives of success and failure at small, primarily technology-based firms. We report novel phenomena such as event re-interpretation, success rationalization, and ambivalent heroes. We develop a dynamic model of acknowledgment practice under uncertainty that links interpretation to emergent affect. At entrepreneurial firms, processes of celebration and loss generate characteristics such as fatalism or overconfidence, previously attributed to static individual traits.


Grain is part of agricultural commodities and is of utmost importance for world agriculture,since it is the essential element of food and animal feed. Against this background, grain trade among countries of the world is dynamic and represents about 10% of global trade in food products.This article examines global grain trade both in terms of quantitative and qualitative developments, and highlights the most important competitor countries in this sector. It also details the patterns of grain trade for the world's main exporters and importers of such commodities.Two distinct sections of the research relate to the evolution of the primary grain quotations(wheat, corn, barley, rice and sorghum) at the most representative international agricultural commodities markets (Chicago Board of Trade), based on a comprehensive statistical analysis, and the short-term forecasts for global grain trade, respectively.


With restructuring of the electricity sector into profit oriented business models, an increasing number of electric utilities are adopting health indices to measure and monitor the condition of their assets. The health indices represent a novel way for capturing and quantifying the results of operating observations, field inspections and in-situ and laboratory testing into an objective and quantitative picture, providing the overall health of the assets. Asset health indices become a powerful tool in managing assets and identifying investment needs and prioritizing investments into capital and maintenance programs. When appropriately developed, health indices provide an accurate indication of the probability of asset failures and associated risks. Having established the asset health index under current conditions, health index values in future can be predicted by taking into account the impact of environmental and operating conditions along with the preventative maintenance practices. This paper describes the techniques to account for impact of preventative maintenance on health indices and for predicting future asset condition based on the current health index and maintenance practices. The techniques can be used for evaluating future risks associated with an asset or in selecting optimal maintenance levels that would provide the right balance between risk and investment costs.


An arrangement for determining the spatial angle of a mobile object has a base station for transmitting a base station signal and / or receiving transponder signals, a plurality of transponders for Emmpfang the base station signal and for transmitting transponder signals and an antenna having directional characteristics. Moreover, the arrangement has means for determining a spatial angle of the mobile object in response to a signal received from the antenna and / or transmitted transponder and / or base station signal, wherein for the determination of the solid angle the directional dependence of the characteristic of the antenna is taken into account.


While the ability of proteins to self-assemble makes them powerful tools in nanotechnology, in biological systems protein-based structures ultimately depend on the context in which they form. We combine the self-assembling properties of synthetic diblock copolymers and proteins to construct intricately ordered, three-dimensional polymer protein structures with the ultimate goal of forming nano-scale devices. This hybrid approach takes advantage of the capabilities of organic polymer chemistry to build ordered structures and the capabilities of genetic engineering to create proteins that are selective for inorganic or organic substrates. Here, microphase-separated block copolymers coupled with genetically engineered heat shock proteins are used to produce nano-scale patterning that maximizes the potential for both increased structural complexity and integrity.


PURPOSE: A mechanical transistor hybrid switch and application apparatus for the same are provided to reduce unnecessary power consumption in a switching operation based on a sensing signal or a control signal by selectively applying voltage based on critical voltage. CONSTITUTION: A mechanical transistor hybrid switch(200) includes a FET(210) and a mechanical switch(220). The FET conducts current from drain to a source terminal. The mechanical switch includes a first terminal(221) and a second terminal(222). The first terminal of the mechanical switch is connected to a signal input unit(230). The second terminal of the mechanical switch is connected to the gate terminal of FET. The critical voltage of the mechanical switch is used when the second terminal and the first terminal are connected with each other.


Relying heavily on the work of Edward Shils, this paper argues that a robust sense of national identity among the peoples of East Central Europe played a crucial role in the revolutions of 1989 and the subsequent emergence of civil society in the region's countries.


The core circadian clock mechanism relies on a feedback loop comprised of clock genes, such as the brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (Bmal1), chriptochrome 1 (Cry1), and period 3 (Per3). Exposure to the light-dark cycle synchronizes the master circadian clock in the brain, and which then synchronizes circadian clocks in peripheral tissues. Birds have long been used as a model for the investigation of circadian rhythm in human neurobiology. In the present study, we examined the effects of continuous light and the combination of white and blue light on the expression of clock genes (Bmal1, Cry1, and Per3) in the central and peripheral tissues in chicks. Seventy two day-old male chicks were weighed, allocated to three groups and maintained under three light schedules: 12 h white light-12 h dark-cycles group (control); 24 h white light group (WW group); 12 h white light-12 h blue light-cycles group (WB group). The mRNA levels of clock genes in the diencephalon were significantly different between the control and WW groups. On the other hand, the alteration in the mRNA levels of clock genes was similar between the control and WB groups. Similar phenomena were observed in the liver and skeletal muscle (biceps femoris). These results suggest that 12 h white-12 h blue light-cycles did not disrupt the circadian rhythm of clock gene expression in chicks. key words: blue lighting , chicken, clock, light, white lighting


In the first-order autoregressive model with nonconstant variance, likelihood ratio tests, score tests and modified likelihood ratio tests are derived to test each of the following hypotheses: (i) independence and homoscedasticity, (ii) independence, and (iii) homoscedasticity. Monte Carlo studies show that likelihood ratio tests can be very anticonservative, score tests are conservative and modified likelihood ratio tests are reliable and powerful tests. In addition, modified likelihood ratio tests for testing hypotheses (ii) and (iii) are robust in the presence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation, respectively.


A phonetic and phonological analysis of Istanbul Turkish is presented in this thesis in two parts, part I - Phonetics, covering chapters 1-3, and part II - Phonology, covering chapters 4-8. A phonetic description and classification of vowels in monosyllabic words is given in Chapter 1, and in Chapter 2 consonants are described and classified in articulatory phonetic terms. In Chapter 3 the distinction between assimilated and unassimilated loanwords is established, and various phonetic features of unassimilated loanwords are examined. Root structures of nouns, adjectives and verbs are analysed in Chapter 4, and prosodies are set up for the root as well-as subsystems for C and V systems. Phonological structures of unassimilated nouns and adjectives are also given. In Chapter 5 affixes are analysed in two main groups; native Turkish affixes and non-native affixes, and structures are given for them. In Chapter 6 junction prosodies are set up to show the prosodic links between roots and suffixes, and suffixes and suffixes. Onomatopoeia and reduplication are discussed in Chapter 7. Structures of onomatopoeic words are analysed, and various types of reduplication discussed. Chapter 8 is concerned with some aspects of discourse harmony. Prosodies are set up for inter-word and intra-word junctions, based on observations of phonic data in a quick style of speech. Some experimental findings obtained by the and of palatography, spectrography and maingography which provide instrumental evidence for the perceptual observations of the articulatory features of vowels and consonants are presented in Appendix I. A list of monosyllabic words in which vowels of different groups are illustrated is given in Appendix II. Appendix III provides a list of the most widely and frequently used onomatopoeic words. A bibliography is given at the end of the thesis.


In this study, cold surge over Philippine Sea is investigated using 10-years satellite, and re-analysis data. It is shown that anomalous cold sea surface air temperature from Asia reaches near 15N in the Philippine Sea. This cold event accompanies north-easterly surface wind centered high sea level pressure south of Japan. At that time, sea surface temperature shows also cooling tendency in this region. In previous studies pointed out that cold surge occurs in the South China Sea. In this study, similar cold surge also appear in the Philippine Sea. It is also shown that cold surge in Philippine Sea appears two days after cold surge in the South China Sea, which is related to eastward propagation of high sea level pressure. The present results newly show that the cold surge in Philippine Sea is related to sea surface temperature cooling in this region.


7.3-10 mol% yttria-doped zirconia (YDZ) was studied with emphasis on its long-term stability as solid electrolyte. The decomposition of common 8.5YDZ (950 °C) was detected by analytical TEM. As second issue, the microstructural and chemical properties of nanocrystalline 7.3YDZ thin films were investigated. Metastable t''-YDZ was found to precipitate in nanoscaled regions in YDZ up to 10 mol% yttria. Furthermore, a revised boundary of the c+t phase field, in which YDZ decomposes, is presented.


The oil-soluble serpentine powders were prepared out of the flaky serpentine powders with particle size of 0.5~4 μm using the integral process of oil-based refinement,modification and dispersion with high-energy ball-milling method.The as-prepared additive was added to the Great Wall CD 15W/40 diesel oil to form various lubricants and their self-restoration effects on the tribosurfaces analogue of shaft-bushing contact were investigated using the ring-on-block friction and wear tester.In addition,the corresponding mechanism was discussed.Results indicate that the oil with 0.5% content of serpentine particles shows most excellent tribological properties and self-restoration performance at 600N.The friction coefficient and width of wear trace decrease by 9.7% and 40.7% relative to those of the base oil,respectively.The worn surface is smooth with a restoration film approximating 0.68 μm.The film with higher mechanical properties mainly consists of multiple iron oxides,graphite,residual organics and a small amount of iron sulfide.The serpentine particles present fine grinding effects on the tribosurface,which contributes to the decrease in surface roughness and the release of more active oxygen atoms from serpentine particles to participate of the oxidation reactions at the friction interface and promote the formation of protective film with the local high pressure and flash temperature.Moreover,the film has synergistic effects with the graphite and residual organics,which is responsible for the lubrication and in situ self-restoration effect on the friction surface.


Stereotactic irradiation (STI) has been actively performed using various methods to achieve better local control of Stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in Japan. The authors retrospectively evaluated results from a Japanese multiinstitutional study.


Instagram is one of the social media that popular these days. Instagram
was release in 2010 and has about 400 million active users. The purpose of this
research is to describe how Instagram work that is not only for business, and
self actualization. But, there are individuals or groups that use Instagram to
build awareness & concern by social movements such as donation or social
service.
This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. In this method
researcher also use primery and secondary data sources which is obtain from
interview and documentations. To check the validity of data, uses a triangulation
of data source.
The result of this research shows that Instagram can be use for social
movements. @ketimbang.ngemis.jakarta Instagram account uses seven features
on Instagram such as photo upload, caption, comment, likes, hashtag, mentions
and followers. The features on Instagram can help the process of sharing
information about sosok mulia. The Comunity of KNJ has campaign which is
associated with love / grief concern, personal / mutual concern, and urgent
concern. And the result is @ketimbang.ngemis.jakarta Instagram account can
be use and provides an information about social Campaign & Social
Movements.


Thyroid papillary carcinoma shows 40% of the lymph node metastasis rate, but metastasis to retropharyngeal lymph node is known to be rare. Patients underwent operation via transcervical approach due to retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma mimicking paraganglioma. Even though retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis is rare, it could go unnoticed with only history taking and physical examination of thyroid papillary carcinoma patients, especially since cervical ultrasonography is not a sufficient modality for the evaluation of retropharyngeal lymph node. Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan is required to evaluate retropharyngeal lymph nodes. (Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2009; 52:88-92)


For theorists of political liberalism, individual rights take priority over the good. Communitarians hold, however, that a society focused exclusively on individual rights will be made up of atomistic selves who cannot sustain any commitment to the common good. Aristotle's discussions of friendship and the common good can contribute to the conversation concerning the polis and its ends. Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics emphasizes homonoia, but his Politics envisions "political friendship" more as a space for agonistic struggle. Aristotle knows about the destructive effects of pleonexia, and he describes several community-building virtues that are opposed to it: justice, temperance, and liberality. Aristotle also claims that the genre of tragedy can inform a commitment to work for the common good.


Since this issue on the COVID-19 pandemic started, the entire world is still in the middle of the crisis, although less intensely so than during the earlier period of tremendous lockdown. We have all been affected by the crisis in some way and have been forced to adapt. While it remains to be seen whether the markers of social experiences will become part of the "new normal," one thing is certain for intellectual work: researchers will need to record and analyze how different societies havebeen managed inability to respond to the COVID-19 problematics, to learn from one another and to pinpoint the working logics of various social formations.


A proof-of-concept study on a catalytic [NiFe] intermediate reveals structural and dynamical details of hydrogenases by ultrafast and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopies.


This Corrective Measures Evaluation Report was prepared as directed by the Compliance Order on Consent issued by the New Mexico Environment Department to document the process of selecting the preferred remedial alternative for contaminated groundwater at Technical Area V. Supporting information includes background information about the site conditions and potential receptors and an overview of work performed during the Corrective Measures Evaluation. Evaluation of remedial alternatives included identification and description of four remedial alternatives, an overview of the evaluation criteria and approach, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of remedial alternatives, and selection of the preferred remedial alternative. As a result of the Corrective Measures Evaluation, it was determined that monitored natural attenuation of all contaminants of concern (trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and nitrate) was the preferred remedial alternative for implementation as the corrective measure to remediate contaminated groundwater at Technical Area V of Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico. Finally, design criteria to meet cleanup goals and objectives and the corrective measures implementation schedule for the preferred remedial alternative are presented.


Wing City in Henan Province in the investigation of agricultural cooperatives development status,based on the analysis of its major problems,some farmers cooperatives general lack of operating funds,policy support in place,inadequate internal control system,to speed up the permanent city of Henan Province the development of fanner cooperatives,need) to strengthen"Farmer Cooperatives Law"propaganda,multi-channel financing to address the financial difficulties of farmers cooperatives,and further increase government support.


This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Dunaliella salina extract in reducing the damage of the brain, eyes and intestines tissue of cantang grouper infected with VNN. Fifty seeds of cantang grouper were stocked into 5 pieces of 50 L volumes with a density of 10 fish/container. Before being infected with VNN, the groupers were treated with feed containing D . salina extract with a dose: K- (0 mg/kg feed), A (250 mg/kg feed) , B (300 mg/kg feed), C (350 mg/kg feed) and D (400 mg/kg feed) for 10 days. After 10 days of treatment, cantang groupers were injected by VNN through intramuscular injection with a dose of 0,2 ml/fish with concentration 10 4 . Based on the research, D . salina extract which added into feed was effective in reducing the percentage of histopathological damage in the brain, eyes and intestines tissue of cantang groupers infected with VNN. The histopathological damaged tissue was necrosis, vacuolation, inclusion body, congestion, and goblet cell. The results showed that the lowest damage in the brain, eyes and intestine were found in treatment D (400 mg/kg of feed) with a percentage of damage 6,8%, 7% and 12,8%.


Objective:To survey the effects of BAIDIANWAN (Vitiligo Pellet) on the immune function of mice. Method:A mouse model of depressed immune function was set up with immunosuppressive agents. Antagonistic experiments with different dosages of BAIDIANWAN were carried out in vivo. Results:BAIDIANWAN could increase the percentage of ANAE positive cells and the weight of thymus prominently in mice with depressed immune function. It also increased significantly the content of serum hemolysin in mice rendered immune depressed by dexamethasone. Conclusion:BAIDIANWAN was found to improve immunity and modulate immune function.


We present an analysis of the essence of the decision as a specific form of production management. The significance of information in decision making is assessed. The need is stated to minimize the hierarchical levels of management through which operational information is passed.


The detectability of delay flaws can be improved by testing CMOS IC's with a very low supply voltage-between 2 and 2.5 times the threshold voltage V/sub t/ of the transistors. A delay flaw is a defect that causes a local timing failure but the failure is not severe enough to cause malfunctioning. Delay flaws caused by degraded signals and gates with lower drive capability than expected are considered. This paper investigates the voltage dependence of the effects of delay flaws and derives the test conditions for them.


Objective.  The B1B1 variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB polymorphism and high plasma CETP concentrations are associated with favourable angiographic outcomes in pravastatin‐treated patients suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of the present study was to test whether CETP TaqIB genotypes and/or plasma CETP concentrations at baseline also predict clinical end‐points in patients with CAD.


Cerebellar hemangioblastomas are rare neoplasms of cerebellum with uncertain histogenesis classified under WHO grade I category. Most of these lesions are sporadic and few of them though rare, are associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). We report a case of cerebellar hemangioblastoma in a 31years old male who presented with headache and vomiting. MRI showed a cystic lesion in the cerebellum. Intraoperative squash cytology was suggestive of a vascular neoplasm. Histopathological examinationof the tumor was done and a diagnosis of cerebellar hemangioblastoma was given. Immunohistochemistry using NSE and CD31 revealed positivity and confirmed the diagnosis. The clinical radiological and histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were discussed.


This study is involved in developing an I.A.Q. monitoring system that regularly measures air quality inside Cheongok cave at investigating effects of the numbers of tourists on the cave's air quality. The results indicate that the outside temperature of the cave had a stronger effect on the temperature and humidity of Cheongok cave than the number of tourists. The range of variations was significantly wider than ones investigated in other caves. With regard to carbon dioxide concentration, it has been found that the degree of carbon dioxide concentration was highly influenced by the number of tourists, which is contingent on seasons, and the maximum value of concentration was higher than 3,000ppm. In addition, green pollution that is caused by lighting fixtures inside the cave and other pollution caused by tourists were observed. More detailed and qualitative monitoring and analyses are needed to conserve the environment of Cheongok cave and to provide tourists with pleasant visiting experiences.


The Japanese competitive advantage can be summarized by the dilemma stated by Takeo Fujisawa, co-founder of the Honda Motor Company, that "Japanese and American management is ninety-five percent the same and differs in all important respects" ([48], p. 85). Strategic competitive differences have been exploited by Japanese corporations with respect to human resource management, finance, production, marketing, environmental, and strategic factors. Competitive advantages have dictated corporate success for several key industries which the Japanese government has targeted and supported as crucial to the long-range growth of the Japanese economy. The electronics industry has recently been a key sector for government policy and competition. The steep 1987 U.S. tariffs on Japanese electronic products have forced Japanese corporations to design turnaround strategies to reverse declining market share and profitability. There has been an increasing need for American electronics firms to confront the Japanese challenge and for Japanese electronics firms to overcome greater market entry barriers. Against that backdrop, this study focuses on the application of the current turnaround strategy theories for understanding competitive differences between American and Japanese approaches to turnaround antecedents, strategic actions, and corporate performance results.


When there are diseases or conditions without appropriate remedial product, a drug discovery is desired. Current research involves various approaches in drug discovery strategies: Economy based, source based, traditional medicine, target based, disease based, data based, network based, technique based and me-too strategy. Economy-based approach is initiated and planned according to disease distribution and treatment requirement. Source based approach includes natural, recombinant and synthetic sources. Traditional medicine comes from traditional research and people experience. Target based is the approach in which a modulation of nominated biochemical process is theorized to be potentially useful in treatment of a particular clinical condition. In disease based strategy, researchers use statistical information about diseases distribution to select an applicable goal for their studies. Data based strategy links databases for chemical structures, ligands, organization of data, and structure activity data based on literature. Network based approach helps researchers to develop drugs for changing the cellular network or resolving malfunction in cellular network. In some countries because of equipment deficiency, the scientists endeavor to focus the research on some of the instrument related experiments due to the imposed deficiency. A drug that is structurally very similar to already known drugs, with only minor differences, is called me-too drug. The approach discovered me-too drugs, is me-too drug strategy. This paper evaluates the main drug discovery approaches.


We successfully fabricated γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) nano- and microstructures of various morphologies, such as cubes, rods, and rectangular particles, simply by modifying the preparation method for channel-type γ-CD assemblies. These γ-CD structures formed organogels in oils and organic solvents, and the morphologies of the γ-CD structures remarkably affected their organogelation ability.


The objective of the paper was to estimate the changes in acreages of tidal flats after the seawall construction at the Asan Bay and the Chunsu Bay from topographic maps, hydrographic charts, and Landsat TM images. The tidal floats from topographic maps published in one year differ significantly from that in the other, which appears to be attributed to the tide levels at the time of photographing. The hydrographic charts showed that tidal flats increase at rates of 22.3 ha/yr at the Asan Bay and 56.6 ha/yr at the Chunsu Bay after the dike construction. Applying the ISODATA method of unsupervised classifications for the Landsat TM images, the tidal flats were identified, and the resulting acreages for each image estimated. The resulting tidal flats increased at the rates of 21.3 ha/yr at the Asan Bay and 47.3 ha/yr at the Chunsu Bay during twelve years after the dike construction. It was found that the rates of the annual increases from the two data are very close and the differences result from the coastal lines at the charts and the TM images.


A successful right hepatic lobectomy for a large solitary liver metastasis of a leiomyosarcoma was performed 8 years after removal of the primary lesion in the right colon. An anomalous arterial supply to the medial segment of the left hepatic lobe was encountered during the dissection. Clues to the presence of the anomalous blood supply and the rationale and results of hepatectomy for metastatic neoplasms are discussed briefly. An aggressive approach to surgical therapy is advocated in selected cases.


Acetylation of 4-hydroxy-1-thiocoumarin 1 b in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride yields the 3-acetyl derivative 2, which condenses with aromatic aldehydes to give the corresponding 3-cinnamoyl derivatives 3 a–e, and yields 3-arylazo-4-hydroxy-1-thiocoumarins 4a–d upon treatment with aromatic diazonium salts.

Whereas treatment of 1 b with primary amines results in the formation of 4-substituted amino derivatives 5 a–c, 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-1-thiocoumarin 2 reacts with the same reagents to yield the 3-α-alkyliminoethyl derivatives 7 a–c.

Treatment of 1 b with phenylhydrazine affords the 4-phenylhydrazine derivative 5 d. On the other hand, 2 reacts with the same reagent to yield a mixture of the phenylhydrazone 9 and the pyrazolo-1-thiocoumarin 10.


Every year the creators of 3D games significantly raise the technical standards of graphics, sound and interaction within their digital worlds. However, these heights of technical sophistication are as yet to be matched by a breadth of genre and other alternate uses. Expanding the potential uses of these games does not rely entirely on the game developers. Many of these 3D games come packaged with their own editors - tools that allow the users at home on their desktop computers to create their own digital worlds and share them with others. This paper reports on project work that investigates alternate uses of these tools and the 3D games spaces they create. It focuses on the use of the space as a form of documentation, and demonstrates how image, text and sound can be melded with virtual architecture and subtle interaction to create a new form of information discovery. It reveals new ways to uncover past worlds and explore modern concepts.


In this study, nutritional composition analysis of internal organs of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus), trypsin activity determination of trypsin enzyme obtained from internal organs, protein solubility and color values of extracted trypsin parameters examined. Nutritional composition of internal organs: the moisture content of the anchovy internal organs 78.92±0.11 %, the ash 2.26±0.55 %, the protein 10.82±2.05 %, the fat 6.49±0.55 % were estimated. The moisture content of the sardine internal organs 81.07±1.03 %, the ash 0.71±0.04 %, the protein 5.08±2.08 %, the fat 2.01±0.17 % were estimated. Enzyme activity and spesicific activity of anchovy trypsin which are 0.064 U/mg, 0.17 U/ml were estimated, respectively. Enzyme activiy of sardine trypsin as 0.051 U/ml and spesific activity as 0.19 U/mg were estimated. In the enzyme purification step, 13.6 g of 1 kg anchovy and 18.9 g of powder trypsin were obtained from 1 kg sardine.


A general approach to asymmetric synthesis of highly substituted dihydroquinolines was achieved through neighboring ortho-amino group engaged sequential Michael/amination/dehydration reactions on (E)-2-(2-nitrovinyl)anilines with cyclic and acyclic β-keto esters in the presence of a catalytic amount of Rawal's quinidine-NH-benzyl squaramide followed by TFA.


For the n-i-p architecture perovskite solar cell employs tin oxide (SnO2) as the electron transporting material, the buried interface (SnO2/perovskite interface) acts as the working interface and growth substrate of...


I ONE HUNDRED YEARS after Martin Heidegger began his career as teacher and writer, contemporary scholarship remains divided over his philosophy. (1) Philosophers outside the phenomenological tradition have had a hard time understanding him, and even within the tradition, there are different estimates of the value of his thought. I believe that the further public discussion of Heidegger's thought can benefit from another study of section 44 of Being and Time (SZ), (2) devoted to the topic of truth, for I think this analysis offers a ready point of access for anyone. Section 44 (a) treats the truth of statements and the "correspondence theory" in a fashion that any philosopher, analytic, phenomenological, rationalist, or empiricist, should be able to follow and appraise. Then on that basis, philosophers should be able to appraise the maneuver that follows, in section 44 (b), where Heidegger argues that there is a form of truth that outreaches all statements and all correspondence--a truth of the world and of human existence. Likewise, section 44 (c), treating truth and history, contributes to well-known issues on the relativity of truth, and debates on the principle of the excluded middle. Section 44 is important for another reason, too. Even scholars who specialize in Heidegger are divided concerning the place and authority of SZ within his total oeuvre, some taking more interest in his latest period, others focusing on the 1930s and the war years. Yet nobody denies that the theme of truth is persistent throughout his work, so if one wants to weigh SZ in relation to the later work, one needs to take full account of this section. In addition to all that, of course, the topic of truth is important to everyone, not just philosophers, for the deepest reasons. I shall begin by showing how the sequence of argument in section 44 is ordered by the five introductory paragraphs that precede subsection (a). The topic of truth has entered this treatise because it is connected to the main theme of the treatise, the question of being. Heidegger says in the second paragraph that it is not because of any question in epistemology, or the theory of judgment, that he will treat truth. Rather, he has cited ancient Greek philosophers, Parmenides and Aristotle, for whom the term "truth," aletheia, was an equivalent for "being," einai or to on. His seven quotations from Aristotle's Metaphysics include some from book 1, chapter 3: Aristotle says that the earliest thinkers, in their pursuit of the first causes of things, were "attempting the investigation of being and philosophized about truth." (3) Again, he says that, in pursuing their study of causes, such thinkers had been guided by "the facts themselves," (4) and a bit further on he repeats the point, saying "later thinkers, forced once more, as we said, by truth itself' (aletheia). (5) Evidently, aletheia plays two roles here. It is one designation for the thinkers' whole field of study, also called wisdom, or being, or the causes. Secondly, it names that which guides the thinkers in their searching, and in this respect it can be equated with facts (pragmata) or the evident phenomena (phainomena). Heidegger will also cite several further texts from Aristotle later in section 44, showing that, for them both, "truth" is more than a feature of judgments and cognitions. In one summary, we read that, in Aristotle, aletheia means "the things themselves, that which shows itself, beings in the manner of their unconcealedness." (6) Notably, SZ does not cite the texts from the Metaphysics, books 4 and 6, where Aristotle explains what "true" means when it is applied to statements, logoi, even though Heidegger had already treated those texts in his 1925-26 lectures on Logic: The Question of Truth. (7) In SZ, it is the link with being that matters. Though he shares this ontological interest with the ancients, the third paragraph shows us something that is entirely his own and not theirs. …