Exploring new clean coal power generation technology-oxygen-enriched combustion applied to existing regular CFB boiler, this paper take a CFB boiler with FBHE from Botswana one coal fired station as study model. Firstly conceptual solution of partial retrofitting of secondary air oxygen-enriched combustion of model is puts forward,and partial oxygen-enriched system schematic of CFB boiler is constructed,oxygen content of oxygen-enriched secondary air should be between 25% ~ 30%. Secondly combustion adjustment manner after model retrofitting is put forward,original load curves should be adopted for all other air supply parameters except oxygen-enriched secondary air flow,and spiess valves which located after seal pots should be used to control the furnace temperature. Thirdly correction method of oxygen-enriched secondary air flow load curve is proposed.


Purpose of the Study: The impact of global leadership behavior in the contemporary business environment cannot be easily overlooked as the global environment is full of competitive challenges. Leadership behavior is critically significant because it impacts the present or future situations of any organization. The attainment of an organization's objectives depends largely on leaders and their leadership behavior.
Methodology: The data for this study were obtained from existing literatures on international leadership in global corporations as well. The methodology relied heavily on existing previous literatures on the subject being dealt with.
Results: The demonstration of a specific leadership behavior by leaders affects both productivity and job satisfaction of employees directly or indirectly. Multinational firms can promote economic activities in developing nations and offer an opportunity to enhance the economic growth, qualities of life, regional, and world commons. This leadership expertise enables the achievement of maximum proficiency and output at a minimum cost.
Implications: The role of global leadership behavior on the performance of multinational corporations has been discussed decisively and how they impact on both workers and organizational performance. Multinational companies often have their headquarters in one state, while other branches or outlets exist in other nations of the world and keep a high standard of leadership outfit.
Novelty: The innovation of this paper is the maximum proficiency of international leadership in global corporations.


The foundations of river bridges on alluvial soil are decided largely based on hydraulic data and subsoil strata. The subsoil strata is represented by a numerical value called the silt factor. This factor plays a vital role as the foundation level depends upon soil strata underneath, which is examined based on the bore log data. Bridges are very costly due to various reasons and the depth of foundation is one of them. There is a need to optimize the depth of the foundation to a pragmatic level, which can be constructed safely without undue delay as per construction practices. Any variation in foundation level at a later date plays a crucial role in the overall cost of the bridges and affects the completion time of the project. It is highlighted that pre-construction investigation should be given more attention to avoid any lapse in the construction program. Data analyzed based on investigation need to be reviewed in terms of construction trend in the area. The importance of the silt factor is discussed in this paper. An accurate estimation of the same helps in completing the structure in less time without time and cost overrun.


This article provides a brief overview of how African American women are situated in and around the thesis of the Moynihan Report. The authors take the lens of uncertainty and apply it to a post-Moynihan discussion of African American women and marriage. They discuss uncertainty in the temporal organization of poor women's lives and in the new terrains of gender relationships and how both influence African American women's thoughts and behaviors in their romantic relationships and marriages. They argue that much is to be learned from by focusing the lens in this way. It allows us to look at the contemporary romantic relationship and marriage behaviors of African American women in context and in ways that do not label them as having pathological behaviors that place them out of sync with broader societal trends.


Off the coast of central Chile, subsurface anticyclonic eddies are a salient feature of the oceanic circulation, transporting a signi fi cant fraction of coastal water that is rich in nutrients and poor in dissolved oxygen offshore. In this study, the formation mechanism of these eddies is analyzed through a high ‐ resolution (~0.3 km) and low ‐ resolution (~3 km) oceanic model that realistically simulate the regional mean circulation, including the Peru ‐ Chile Undercurrent (PCUC). An analysis of the vorticity and eddy kinetic energy in both simulations indicated that the subsurface eddies can be triggered through a combination of processes that are associated with instabilities of the PCUC. In the high ‐ resolution simulation, we observed that the interaction between the PCUC and topographic slope generates anticyclonic vorticity and potential vorticity close to zero in the bottom boundary layer. The separation of the undercurrent from the slope favors the intensi fi cation of anticyclonic vorticity. It reaches magnitudes that are larger than the planetary vorticity while kinetic energy is converted from the PCUC to the eddy fl ow. These processes set the necessary conditions for the development of centrifugal instabilities, which can form submesoscale structures. The coalescence of submesoscale structures generates a subsurface anticyclonic mesoscale eddy. In the low ‐ resolution simulations (>3 km) centrifugal instabilities are not simulated, and the barotropic conversion of the mean kinetic energy into eddy kinetic energy appears as the main process of eddy formation. We showed that the vertical structure of these eddies is sensitive to the spatial resolution of the model.


AVR stabilizes the terminal voltage of generator by controlling the exciter voltage. Fast action of AVR exciter module may cause negative damping of the system .With the presence of PSS, the oscillation occurred due to sudden AVR action has been suppressed. This paper emphasis the importance of AVR- PSS model in power system for damping the low frequency oscillation. The proposed model has been tested in Single Machine and Two area Four Machine system. The simulation analysis is performed using MATLAB and PSAT. The AVR-PSS model gives a better damping of electromechanical oscillations and improves the small signal stability.


Summary form only given. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most widespread malignant oral cavity neoplasm, with even higher proportion of deaths than breast cancer and cervical cancer. Although advances were made in conventional treatment for OSCC such as surgery and radiation therapy, there has not been significant increase in the 5-year survival rate in the past four decades, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance and side-effects are still main obstacles for chemotherapy. Thus, improvement in the treatment of OSCC is strongly expected.


Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of omalizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and to identify evidence gaps that will guide future research on omalizumab for CRSwNP. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library on 13 October 2020. Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing omalizumab with placebo, given for at least 16 weeks in adult patients with CRSwNP. Data extraction and synthesis Two independent authors screened search results, extracted data and assessed studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled using the inverse-variance method and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed by the χ2 test and the I2 statistic. Results A total of four RCTs involving 303 participants were identified. When comparing omalizumab to placebo, there was a significant difference in Nasal Polyps Score (MD=−1.20; 95% CI −1.48 to −0.92), Nasal Congestion Score (MD=−0.67; 95% CI −0.86 to −0.48), Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (MD=−15.62; 95% CI −19.79 to −11.45), Total Nasal Symptom Score (MD=−1.84; 95% CI −2.43 to −1.25) and reduced need for surgery (risk ratio (RR)=5.61; 95% CI 1.99 to 15.81). Furthermore, there was no difference in the risk of serious adverse events ((RR=1.40; 95% CI 0.29 to 6.80), adverse events (RR=0.83; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.15) and rescue systemic corticosteroid (RR=0.52; 95% CI 0.17 to 1.61). Conclusions This was the first meta-analysis that identified omalizumab significantly improved endoscopic, clinical and patient-reported outcomes in adults with moderate to severe CRSwNP and it was safe and well tolerated. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020207639.


Computing systems utilize multicore processors with complex cache coherence protocols to meet the increasing need for performance and energy improvement. It is a major challenge to verify the correctness of a cache coherence protocol since the number of reachable states grows exponentially with the number of cores. In this paper, we propose an efficient test generation technique, which can be used to achieve full state and transition coverage in simulation-based verification for a wide variety of cache coherence protocols. Based on effective analysis of the state space structure, our method can generate more efficient test sequences (50% shorter) on-the-fly compared with tests generated by BFS. While our on-the-fly method can reduce the numbers of required tests by half, it can still be impractical to verify all possible transitions in the presence of large number of cores. We propose scalable on-the-fly test generation techniques using quotient state space. The proposed approach guarantees selection of important transitions by utilizing equivalence classes, and omits only similar transitions. Our experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approaches can efficiently tradeoff between transition coverage and validation effort.


Linear systems methodology is proposed which quantifies flare as part of the spread function or Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of a microdensitometer with general application to any optical detection system. Because the irradiance system, the sample's scattering properties and the optical components alter the flare portion of these functions, an empirical method, such as edge-gradient analysis, should be used to determine their profiles. Applying straightforward linear systems theory, one has a method of correcting for flare which is usually considered to be a "nonlinear and unpredictable" factor. More importantly, this method is applicable for any object distribution (for a given optical system and sample scattering profile). Partial spread functions and partial MTFs are introduced which permit quantifying the degradation produced by flare, this quantity being denoted as the partial flare factor. The partial flare factor is compared to a more restrictive black-overlay flare factor. Examples are discussed for optical detection systems with and without flare.


A Counting Type Radiation Scanner for pre-stressed concrete girder imaging is presented. The contrast of counting type radiation scanner is only affected by quanta noise and has no relationship with the electronics noise. The dosage can be therefore reduced and the dynamic range can be extended. The result of Monte Carlo simulation for contrast evaluating, and a simple but advanced data acquisition design based on FPGA and DSP, are described.


Provided are an apparatus and a method for recording on a recording medium images from a fiber-optic CRT. The apparatus includes a recording medium transport system, control electronics and a first-in, first-out memory. The use of the first-in, first-out memory permits incremental recording which is not limited by relatively long mechanical transport settling times. In operation, N lines of data are input to the memory, line-by-line, as the transport system increments the position of the recording medium and during settling time. When the recording medium has come to rest, these N lines of data are output sequentially from the memory in a first-in, first-out basis, with the CRT incrementing each line vertically on the recording medium for the total of N lines for each increment of the recording medium by the transport system.


Vascularized free tissue transfer is a method of choice to reconstruct a defect after head and neck cancer surgery. We tried to estimate the thickness of free tissue donor sites with utrasonography for an aid of donor site selection. A total of 26 patients who actually got free tissue reconstruction were examined preoperatively thickness of each donor site with ultrasonograpy. The average thickness measured with this method was as follows in the order of thin to thick; radial forearm; 3.8 mm, peroneal; 4.7 mm, lateral arm; 6.5 mm, scapular; 8.5 mm, iliac; 10.3 mm, latissimus dorsi; 13.5 mm, pectoralis myocutaneous; 17.5 mm, rectus abdominis; 24.9 mm. A thicker donor site tends to have more inter-individual variation in thickness. Preoperative ultrasonographic evaluation is beneficial for surgeons because this method can let surgeons know accurate thickness of donor tissues. This method helps determining if the donor site could fit well to a particular defect.


The deposition mechanism and general development of electroless silver plating are overviewed,mainly including electroless silve plating for copper powder,hollow glass micro-spheres,carbon fiber fabric,carbon nanotubes,Yb_2O_3 powder,polymer materials,etc.Its future application is also expounded.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure nCPAP on insulin resistance IR in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome OSAHS. Methods One hundred and fifteen patients with moderate and severe OSAHS apnea-hypopnea index AHI≥21 events/hour underwent overnight polysomnographic PSG examinations of which 65 patients control group were treated with conventional intervention treatment for six months and the other 50 patients trial group were treated with nCPAP plus conventional intervention treatment. The values of body mass index BMI AHI minimal pulse oxygen saturation miniSpO2 fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin were measured and the insulin sensitive index ISI was calculated in all subjects before treatment and six months after treatment. Results The average values of ISI in trial group -4.75±0.44 and in control group -4.78±0.37 were not significantly different before treatment P0.05 while the ISI values were significantly higher in trial group than those in control group six months after treatment -4.19±0.28 vs -4.52±0.47 P0.001. There was a negative correlation between ISI and BMI in trial group and control group r=-0.451 P0.01 r=-0.422 P0.01 respectively ISI and AHI r=-0.866 P0.001 r=-0.829 P0.001 respectively and a positive correlation between ISI and miniSpO2 in both groups r=0.771 P0.001 r=0.809 P0.001 Conclusion nCPAP therapy could significantly relieve the degree of IR in patients with OSAHS. MBI AHI and miniSpO2 may be effective predictors for IR on nCPAP therapy for patients with OSAHS.


The educator in adult education according to the theory of Andragogy, social change and transformative learning is to work towards achieving positive change by coordinating the learning procedure in a way that enables the learner to overcome certain false believes he has due to social conditioning, his working environment and the way in which he has learned.


Carbapenem resistance, mainly among Gram-negative pathogens, is an ongoing public-health problem of global dimensions. This type of antimicrobial resistance, especially when mediated by transferable carbapenemase-encoding genes, is spreading rapidly causing serious outbreaks and dramatically limiting treatment options. In this article, important key points related to carbapenem resistance are reviewed and future perspectives are discussed.


Non-invasive landscape investigation for archaeological purposes includes a wide range of survey techniques, most
of which include in-situ methods. In the recent years, a major advance in the non-invasive surveying techniques
has been the introduction of active remote sensing technologies. One of such technologies is spaceborne radar,
known as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). SAR has proven to be a valuable tool in the analysis of potential
archaeological marks and in the systematic cultural heritage site monitoring. With the use of SAR, it is possible
to monitor slight variations in vegetation and soil often interpreted as archaeological signs, while radar sensors
frequently having penetrating capabilities offering an insight into shallow underground remains.
Radar remote sensing for immovable cultural heritage and archaeological applications has been recently introduced
to Cyprus through the currently ongoing ATHENA project. ATHENA project, under the Horizon 2020 programme, aims at building a bridge between research institutions of the low performing Member States and internationally-leading counterparts at EU level, mainly through training workshops and a series of knowledge transfer activities, frequently taking place on the basis of capacity development. The project is formed as the consortium of the Remote Sensing and Geo-Environment Research Laboratory of the Cyprus University of Technology (CUT), the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) and the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). As part of the project, a number of cultural heritage sites in Cyprus have been studied testing different methodologies involving SAR imagery such as Amplitude Change Detection, Coherence Calculation and fusion techniques. The ATHENA's prospective agenda includes the continuation of the capacity building programme with upcoming
training workshops to take place while expanding the knowledge of radar applications on conservation and risk
monitoring of cultural heritage sites through SAR Interferometry. The current paper presents some preliminary results from the archaeological site of "Nea Paphos", addressing the potential use of the radar technology.


Information resources planning is a course of comprehensive planning for information towards management and operation from information collection, processing, transmission to utilization, which is the basis of information resources exploitation and utilization. This paper begins with the cause of information resources planning, and then discusses the theoretical methods and standard specifications on which information resources planning depends, analyzes the significance of information resources planning for logistics informationization construction. In the end, some advice is put forward on how to do well on military information resources planning.


Problem. An important concern of administrators is assessing the role of values in education. A high degree of values congruency between board chairmen and educational administrators seems essential for educational institutions to function effectively. The purpose of the study was to assess the degree of values congruency between Seventh- day Adventist board chairmen and educational administrators. Method. The Allport, Vernon, and Lindzey Study of Values scale, which furnished relative scores for six value classifications— aesthetic, economic, political, religious, social, and theoretical— was selected for the study. A personal data sheet was developed for the subjects of the study. Ten hypotheses were developed for the study. The first six hypotheses related to the major purpose of the study and held that there is a significant difference between the six value scores of board chairmen and educational administrators as measured by the Study of Values scale. The four hypotheses for the corollary purposes of the study held that there is a significant difference between the six value scores of board chairmen and educational administrators based on the independent variables of age, non-administrative experience, years of administrative experience, highest degree held, major field of study, years of schooling in Seventh-day Adventist educational institutions, enrolment of educational institutions, and level of educational institution, as measured by the Study of Values scale. The Study of Values scale and a personal data sheet were mailed to fifty-two board chairmen and fifty-nine educational administrators. The board chairmen, clergymen by profession and training, held execu tive positions, such as local conference presidents, union conference presidents, and vice-presidents of the General Conference, in the Seventh-day Adventist church. The educational administrators were principals and presidents of Seventh-day Adventist owned and operated residential academies, colleges, and universities. Thirty-three usable responses were returned by board chairmen, or 63.4 percent, and forty- five by educational administrators, or 76.2 percent, giving a total response of 70.2 percent. Two statistical procedures were used in the study: 1) a one way multivariate analysis of variance, and 2) a discriminant analysis for several groups, conducted for those comparisons which were statistically significant for the analysis of variance. A .05 level of confidence was set for rejecting the null hypotheses on all of the comparisons. Results. No statistically significant differences on the six value scores of board chairmen and educational administrators were obtained. However, seven significant differences were obtained on the comparisons for the independent variables. On some comparisons the following independent variables had significant differences: years of administrative experience, highest academic degree held, major field of study, years of schooling in Seventh-day Adventist educational institutions, enrolment of educational institutions, and level of educational institution. On five statistically significant comparisons the economic, political, religious, social, and theoretical values discriminated between the board chairmen and educational administrators according to the discriminant analysis. Conclusions. The following main conclusions emerged from the study: 1. That a high degree of congruency, with direct implications for policy making in educational institutions, existed between the values.of board chairmen and educational administrators 2. That educational administrators had a unique value orien tation with a high ranking of the religious, political, and social values 3. That board chairmen had similar value rankings Co other clergymen on religious, social, and political values but differed markedly from other clergymen on the economic value 4. That social and economic values discriminated best between board chairmen and educational administrators 5. That subjects were more likely to have dissimilar value orientations when they had had more than ten years of administrative experience 6. That principals of smaller residential academies tended to place a higher priority on social and economic values than did principals of larger residential academies.


If family welfare programs are to enhance their status as either a government activity or as an effort of the voluntary sector there must be a greater emphasis on program monitoring and evaluation. Specifically monitoring activities must be carried out to identify program strengths and weaknesses provide feedback on program effectiveness appraise the utilization of manpower resources establish priorities and targets ensure the program objectives are being met and verify that funds are being properly used. The monitoring process must furthermore take into account all inputs into family welfare programs including the selection of personnel program resources and materials program-client interactions and community beneficiaries. Monitoring is a continuous process with both quantitative and qualitative components. It is important in a field such as family welfare where there are often gaps between planning and implementation and a lack of flexibility on the part of bureaucratic organizations. Welfare organizations seek to meet the basic needs of large numbers of people with limited resources pointing to a need for maximum efficiency and cost-effectiveness. An overall goal of family welfare program monitoring should be to increase the involvement of communities in planning and programming.


【Objective】To study the effects of different dissolvant on percutaneous absorption of paracetamol through rat's skin.【Methods】Using the improved Franz diffusion cells,to investigate the effect of Ethanol,PF,Glycerine,PEG in the experiment of percutaneous of paracetamol through rat's skin in vitro.【Results】Accumulated transit dose in Ethanol is maximum,accumulated transit dose in PF and Glycerine is minemum.Using Ethanol in different concentration as dissolvant,accumulated transit dose of paracetamol increasing accompany with the concentration of Ethanol increased.Add the PF,Glycerine,PEG into the Ethanol at the concentrations of 15%,accumulated transit dose of paracetamol has no signifficant increase,however,accumulated transit dose of paracetamol has signifficantly increase in Ethanol at the concentrations of 15%.【Conclusions】 In four different dissolvants,accumulated transit dose of paracetamol in Ethanol at the concentrations of 15% is maximum.It is shown that Ethanol can enhance the percutaneous absorption of paracetamol through rat's skin.


Zoonoses are common diseases among humans and animals. Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis, and cats and other felines are definitive hosts of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, agent of this illness. This study evaluated the frequence of this infection, by serologic evaluation of 100 cats examined at the Veterinary Hospital of FMVZ - UNESP - Botucatu, and to compare the results with some epidemiological variables. It was found seropositivity for IgG class antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the indirect immunofluorescence in 10% of animals with titles from 16 to 256, with higher frequency in females and older-adult animals.


We propose an approach to the classification of emotion clusters using prosodic features. In our approach, we use the duration ratios of specific acoustic segments—resonant cry segments and silence segments—in the infants' cries as prosodic features. We use power and pitch information to detect these segment periods and use normal distribution as a prosodic model to approximate the occurrence probability of the duration ratios of these segments. Classification experiments on two major emotion clusters are carried out using samples of recorded cries of 11 infants. When the detection performance for the segment periods is about 75%, an emotion classification rate of 70.8% is achieved. The classification performance of our approach using the segment duration ratios was significantly better than that of the classification method using power and spectral features, thereby indicating the effectiveness of using prosodic features. Furthermore, we describe a classification method using both spectral and prosodic features with a slightly better performance (71.9%).


In this paper,the disadvantages of basic signal detection and the drawbacks of the relevant impedance matching control algorithm are analyzed.Then the plan of quadrature detection using multiplexer is presented.The theoretical analysis shows quadrature detection can detect the amplitude and phase of RF signals at the same time.And the experimental results show the quadrature detection plan has advantages such as high capability of noise suppression,good linearity and wide dynamic range.Compared with the basic plan which can only acquire incident and reflected power,this plan can detect the realtime phase and amplitude of RF signals.Therefore,it can improve the performance of automatic impendence matching machine.


The invention discloses a method for making chicken hamburger cakes. The method comprises the following steps of: a) mincing fresh chicken breasts coarsely, putting into a rolling and kneading machine, mixing the chicken breasts and salt, sugar, glucose, salad oil, sodium glutamate, spices and purified water, rolling and kneading, putting the mixture into a warehouse, and pickling for 12 hours; b) filling the pickled chicken breasts in the step a) to form hams by using a vacuum filling machine, and heating the hams for stewing by steam in a stewing cabinet, wherein each ham is 2 kilograms; c) cooling the stewed hams in the step b) by using low-temperature water, and conveying the hams to a suddenly-frozen warehouse for freezing suddenly; and d) removing casings from the suddenly-frozen hams in the step c), slicing by using a frozen meat slicer, bagging for packaging, and storing in a freezing warehouse. The chicken hamburger cakes are convenient to store, abundant in flavor and high in nutritional value; and an edible method is simple.


The prevalence of pituitary adenomas is rising as more are incidentally reported on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computerized Tomography (CT) imaging studies. While most exist without causing clinical symptoms or laboratory abnormalities, a non-functional sellar mass can initially present with panhypopituitarism. We present a case of pituitary microadenoma that presented with severe hyponatremia and panhypopituitarism. This patient had a non-functional pituitary microadenoma and was hospitalized many times for hyponatremia before finally being diagnosed with panhypopituitarism.


Twenty dibutylcyclohexyltin carboxylates were synthesized and their structures were chracterized through IR, NMR( ̄1H, ̄(13)C, ̄(119)Sn)and MS. The compounds are five coordinated,carboxylate-bridged polymers for the fatty acid esters and four coordinated for the substituted benzoic esters. The biological activities of the products were also tested and the compounds showed a high fungicidal activity as well as a high acaricidal activity.


Freezing has been successfully employed for the long-term preservation of many foods, some medical and pharmaceutical substances and equipment, providing a significantly extended shelf life. This process involves lowering the product temperature generally to a level that will prevent spoilage and for some food substances to -18 °C or below. For some food substances the physical state is changed when energy is removed by cooling below freezing temperature. The extreme cold simply retards the growth of microorganisms and slows down the chemical changes that affect quality or cause food to spoil. Introduction of cold accumulators in refrigerating machines has become one the modern ways of reducing the cost of refrigeration.


Objective To investigate current status of social support among human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/AIDS patients in high AIDS prevalence areas of Henan province and to analyze its influence factors for further policy development.Methods General condition questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)were used to survey 146 HIV/AIDS patients.Results The scores of the all domains and overall social support were significantly lower than the national norm.AIDS patients had a higher score than HIV patients(the score of AIDS patients:32.93±5.74,the score of HIV patients:35.90±7.27,t=-3.153,P=0.001).Being single,divorced or widowed(t=-3.516,P=0.002)and with high depression score(t=-4.184,P=0.001)were risk factors of less social support,while having no discrimination(t=4.279,P=0.000),with familial annual income high than 10 000 RMB yuan(t=4.918,P=0.000),and with good physical condition were protective factors of social support.Conclusion HIV/AIDS patients had poor social support than average people.Marital status,disease stage,depression status,discrimination status,family income,and physical condition are influence factors of social support.


Strike action is continuing across the federal public service as staff campaign for fair pay and conditions against the Abbott government's harsh attack on wages, jobs and rights.


Recent years have seen the rapid growth of large and geographically distributed data centers deployed by Internet service operators to support various services such as cloud computing. Consequently, high electricity bills, as well as negative environmental implications (e.g., CO2 emission and global warming) come along. In this thesis, we first propose a novel electricity bill capping algorithm that not only minimizes the electricity cost, but also enforces a cost budget on the monthly bill for cloud-scale data centers that impact the power markets. Our solution first explicitly models the impacts of the power demands induced by cloud-scale data centers on electricity prices and the power consumption of cooling and networking in the minimization of electricity bill. In the second step, if the electricity cost exceeds a desired monthly budget due to unexpectedly high workloads, our solution guarantees the quality of service for premium customers and trades off the request throughput of ordinary customers. We formulate electricity bill capping as two related constrained optimization problems and propose efficient algorithms based on mixed integer programming. We then propose GreenWare, a novel middleware system that conducts dynamic request dispatching to maximize the percentage of renewable energy used to power a network of distributed data centers, subject to the desired cost budget of the Internet service operator. Our solution first explicitly models the intermittent generation of renewable energy, e.g., wind power and solar power, with respect to varying weather conditions in the geographical location of each data center. We then formulate the core objective of GreenWare as a constrained


P eribiliary cysts are cystic dilatations of the peribiliary glands, which are normal elements of both intraand extrahepatic bile ducts. The cysts are usually microscopic or small, ranging from 0.2 to 2 cm, and are located exclusively in or around the hepatic hilum and the larger bile ducts in the liver; they are termed "hepatic peribiliary cysts" or "intrahepatic peribiliary cysts" [1]. Several articles have reported radiologic findings of intrahepatic peribiliary cysts [2-6]. However, to our knowledge, a peribiliary cyst arising from the extrahepatic bile duct has never been reported in the radiology literature. Recently, we saw a patient with a large peribiliary cyst, which should be differentiated from choledochal cyst, arising from the common bile duct. We report the radiologic findings of the peribiliary cyst with pathologic confirmation and discuss the differential diagnosis.


Ample research demonstrates that workplace incivility has individual and organisational costs, but an important question remains unanswered: might it have benefits as well? We investigate this possibility by focusing on incivility appraisals—both negative and challenge appraisals (i.e. as an opportunity for learning, growth)—and their correlates. To explain this diversity of appraisals, we examine whether attributions (i.e. perceived intent to harm, perceived perpetrator control) predict perceptions. We conducted two multi-method (quan-titative and qualitative) surveys, one of which was multi-source, of employees across a range of occupations. In Study 1, attributions that perpetrators acted with control and malicious intent fuelled negative appraisals of incivility, which undermined job satisfaction. Study 2 added to these findings by demonstrating that some targets formed challenge appraisals of uncivil encounters, especially when they attributed low malicious intent to perpetrators; challenge appraisal related to boosts in job satisfaction and thriving. These attitudinal outcomes then positively related to organisational citizenship behaviour, as reported by targets(cid:2) coworkers. Showing paths to incivility harm (and potential benefit), our findings can inform interventions to alter the impact of workplace incivility.


Fishway design has evolved over the years in a conservative fashion. Research has led to the development of some innovative structures, but costs and water usage have been high. Conservative design stems from three sources: (1) a lack of hard data on fish swimming capabilities; (2) a lack of integration of fluid mechanics with fish capabilities; and (3) design modifications based on fish responses rather than on stimuli. A two-year study on the state-of-the-art and new innovations in fishway design is just being completed. The study includes the historical tracing of fishway designs, a survey of current design practices and the development of new, more efficient fishway designs. The efficiencies are derived from faster fish passage, less water, and less costly construction. A summary of some historical aspects of the project, and promising new aspects of fishway design are presented.


A revision of taxa from the genus Surirella from the Antarctic region resulted in the description of three new taxa: S. subantarctica Van de Vijver & Cocquyt sp. nov., S. heardensis Van de Vijver & Cocquyt sp. nov. and S. australovisurgis Van de Vijver, Cocquyt, Zidarova & Kopalová sp. nov. Detailed light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations are used to characterize these three new taxa. Comparisons with similar taxa and the ecological preferences of each species are added. The morphological characteristics of a fourth Antarctic Surirella taxon, S. kerguelensis Grunow are illustrated as this taxon was only known from a few hand drawings and LM pictures. Finally, a fifth taxon, S. lapponica A. Cleve was found on South Georgia and likewise illustrated. The revision of these species made clear that the genus Surirella showed similar biogeographical trends as other, previously revised genera indicating that a distinct Antarctic diatom flora exists.


'Organisational culture is an important aspect of the quality of care provided in care homes, but it is ill-defined. Significant culture change has to start with the home's owners and administrators'.


A really decisive action to contain and reduce air pollution can only be effective by modifying the structure of the electricity generating capability, by making considerable use of non–pollutant energy resources, which means to enlarge the role of nuclear energy.


The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a nanofiber using a centrifugal force. A spinning solution is supplied to a spinning unit including an inner tube (a) and an outer tube (b) which are forming a coaxial circle to have a gap therebetween. Then, one of the inner and outer tubes (a) and (b) rotates, and the other one is fixed, thereby spinning the supplied spinning solution into a nanofiber shape from an end of the rotating tube. Here, grooves (w) spaced apart from each other in a longitudinal direction of the tube are defined along a width direction of the tube on one surface of both surfaces of the rotating tube, which faces the gap, to act as a tank of the spinning solution. According to the present invention, since the nanofiber is formed by the spinning solution by using only a pure centrifugal force without using a nozzle and electrical power, cumbersome works such as nozzle cleaning may be omitted. Also, since it is unnecessary to apply a high voltage to the spinning unit and the collector, the method according to the present invention may be reduced in working risks.


The main aim of this article is to recognize the sheath formation in the presence of non‐extensive electron distribution. The role of ion–neutral collision parameter K and the non‐extensive parameter "q" has been discussed. Existing literature suggests that the presence of non‐extensive electrons potentially modifies the plasma sheath behaviour. However, numerical calculations over the full plasma range, jointly addressing the sheath and presheath, are rare. Sheath formation, being a very fundamental phenomenon, deserves enough investigation in the region of non‐extensive distribution of particles. This study attempts to bridge the gap in understanding the formation of the sheath in collisional plasma in the light of both Boltzmann and q‐distributed non‐extensive electrons.


For driving a power semiconductor switch, it is often necessary to provide electrical isolation between the power semiconductor switches and a control arrangement which drives these. Moreover, if is to be feedback on the health of the power semiconductor switch to the control arrangement, is also in the feedback path to provide a potential separation. Usually, the electrical isolation via optocouplers. The new process will allow with little circuit complexity, the control of power semiconductor switches and their function monitoring. In the new method, a switching signal for controlling a power semiconductor switch is provided on a primary side of an inductive transformer as amplitude modulated signal and supplied via the transformer at an opening provided on a secondary side of the transformer driver stage the power semiconductor switch. The health status of the power semiconductor switch is monitored on the secondary side of the transformer and signals the occurrence of a malfunction via the transformer to the primary side. Preferably, this short-circuited on the secondary side of the transformer, a signal path between the transmitter and the power semiconductor switch, and detects the resulting amplitude change from the short-circuiting of the switching signal on the primary side.


Abstract : A STUDY WAS MADE OF THE COULOMBIC EFFICIENCY OF THE SILVER ELECTRODE IN KOH solutions. The coulomb input during anodization is grear than the coulomb output during cathodization plus the coulomb equivalent of the O evolved. This is interpreted as due to adsorption of O by the electrode during the process in which AgO is formed. Both constant current and constant voltage conditions were used. (Author)


Law 6 of 2014 cites Village-Owned Enterprises as Business Entities, whose capital is owned by the Village and is obtained from Village assets to facilitate the welfare of the Village community. The government must understand the potential in its territory and manage it together with the community, the private sector, and the Village Government for its sustainability. The success of Ngroto Village in establishing and running Village-Owned Enterprises Ageng made Ngroto one of the independent villages with IDM 94. Further research is to answer how the collaboration patterns between the government and various stakeholders in achieving economic empowerment in Ngroto Village. This research method uses descriptive qualitative and data collection interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate the success of the government in achieving an increase in IDM over the past four years because it encourages public confidence in local government. In the economic field, cooperation to realize by the role of Ageng Village-Owned Enterprises, which has three units, namely savings and loans, partners, and users of drinking water. Savings and loan units with low interest and coupled with training/business assistance have been proven to contribute to reducing the number of poor people from 477 in 2015 to 297 in 2018. The above facts prove that collaborative collaboration is strengthened and proven to support development in villages and needs to be a model for development models in rural areas in Indonesia.


Present situation of culture industry in Loudi were localized a deficiency of total amount,small scale of the culture enterprises,scattered resource and poor background.The research of culture industry is generally at the primary stage.The next step culture industry should concentrate efforts in youth,in green Loudi design,in cultural Loudi,in booming Loudi.


Transverse multibunch instabilities including the resistive wall instability and ion instabilities are investigated analytically and numerically for two bunch trains on separated orbits in a storage ring. The two separated orbits' operating mode appears more stable against transverse multibunch instabilities than the conventional single orbit operating mode and may be beneficial to high current operations for colliders or synchrotron light sources.


We study the asymptotic growth of Betti numbers in tower of finite covers and provide simple proofs of approximation results, which were previously obtained by Calegari-Emerton, in the generality of arbitrary p-adic analytic towers of covers. Further, we also obtain partial results about arbitrary pro-$p$ towers.


Heavily illustrated, Irish Art Now presents a rounded perspective on Irish art and artists working in the 1990s. The media covered include video, photography and installations as well as orthodox painting and sculpture.'


The variety of lizard auditory organs provides an optimal substrate for examining structure‐function relationships. What does an auditory organ need to perform the basic tasks in the coding of acoustic stimuli? The single‐ossicle tympanic middle ears of lizards are connected through the head, providing for sensitive directional hearing with little neural processing. Lizards evolved hair cells whose frequency responses were determined by the morphological details of their stereovillar bundles and tectorial material, enabling a tonotopic arrangement of frequency sensitivity. Modern lizards achieve this with few hair‐cell rows, showing that tonotopicity does not demand an extensive epithelium. Finally, different lizard families achieved dissimilar frequency selectivity through manipulations of anatomical features, especially of the tectorial membrane. There is a pay‐off between the size of the auditory papilla and its ability to code different frequencies. Long papillae allow very local coupling of hair‐cell...


A computational study is carried out by adopting Two-Dimensional Double Bump at supersonic air intake for Mach number 2.2. Numerical simulation has been made with an Explicit coupled solver with K-ω turbulence model. The improvement in flow and overall performance of supersonic intake is observed with adoption of Double Bump. It has been observed that the pressure recovery is increased by installing Double Bump. Computational study revealed that the low-energy air region near the wall boundary layer has minimized for the case of double bump compared with that of the single bump air-intake.


Road network effectiveness and reliability have al ways been the key issues of transport planning.The paper pres ents an analysis of three typical road network structures which are circular,grid and free style,respectively.Four complex net work indices(BC,IC,CC,and SC) are used to evaluate their effectiveness and reliability.The experiment reveals that the circular structure has the optimum features among the three road network structures,followed by the grid structure.Mean while,empirical study also shows that road network traffic per formance is affected by the road network structure,and conges tion would be easily caused due to some not ideally designed road network structure.The study could benefit transport plan ning,road network design,and some related work.


The dissertation deals with activities of the reverse logistics in a chosen company. It defines processes in the company, analyses current situation and describes possibilities in efficiency improvement of the operating procedure.


Oil contamination in the soil has been a major threat to the environment because of the poor solubility. Crude oil can be accidentally or deliberately released into the environment leads to serious pollution problems (Trindale et al., 2005). Bioremediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of the organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. An alternative and an eco friendly method of remediation technology of environments contaminated with these pollutants is useful to the biosurfactant and biosurfactant-producing microorganisms. Microbial compounds which exhibit particularly high surface activity and emulsifying activity are classified as biosurfactants. These are structurally diverse compounds, mainly produced by hydrocarbon util10ising microorganisms reduce surface and interfacial tensions in both aqueous solutions and hydrocarbon mixtures, which makes them potential International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 8 (2016) pp. 708-720 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Digital heritage systems usually handle a rich and varied mix of digital objects, accompanied by complex and intersecting workflows and processes. However, they usually lack effective workflow management within their components as evident in the lack of integrated solutions that include workflow components. There are a number of reasons for this limitation in workflow management utilization including some technical challenges, the unique nature of each digital resource and the challenges imposed by the environments and infrastructure in which such systems operate.

This thesis investigates the concept of utilizing Workflow Management Systems (WfMS) within Digital Library Systems, and more specifically in online Digital Heritage Resources. The research work conducted involved the design and development of a novel experimental WfMS to test the viability of effective workflow management on the complex processes that exist in digital library and heritage resources. This rarely studied area of interest is covered by analyzing evolving workflow management technologies and paradigms. The different operational and technological aspects of these systems are evaluated while focusing on the areas that traditional systems often fail to address.

A digital heritage resource was created to test a novel concept called DISPLAYS (Digital Library Services for Playing with Antiquity and Shared Heritage), which provides digital heritage content: creation, archival, exposition, presentation and interaction services for digital heritage collections. Based on DISPLAYS, a specific digital heritage resource was created to validate its concept and, more importantly, to act as a test bed to validate workflow management for digital heritage resources. This DISPLAYS type system implementation was called the Reanimating Cultural Heritage resource, for which three core components are the archival, retrieval and presentation components. To validate workflow management and its concepts, another limited version of these reanimating cultural heritage components was implemented within a workflow management host to test if the workflow technology is a viable choice for managing control and dataflow within a digital heritage system: this was successfully proved.


To understand the function of midbrain′s subregions relative to movement,the responses of lightly anesthetized pigeon were observed and recorded through electrically stimulating different regions in pigeon midbrain.The activities like TOS,ICo of midbrain,wing flapping,shortness of breath and so on were studied.


Symbolic regression has been shown to be quite useful in many domains from discovering scientific laws to industrial empirical modeling. Existing methods focus on numerically fitting the given data. However, in many domains, symbolically derivable properties of the desired expressions are known. We illustrate these "semantic priors" with leading powers (the polynomial behavior as the input approaches 0 and $\infty$). We introduce an expression generating neural network that significantly favors the generation of expressions with desired leading powers, even generalizing to powers not in the training set. We then describe our Neural-Guided Monte Carlo Tree Search (NG-MCTS) algorithm for symbolic regression. We extensively evaluate our method on thousands of symbolic regression tasks and desired expressions to show that it significantly outperforms baseline algorithms and exhibits discovery of novel expressions outside of the training set.


INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 171 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ............................................................................. 172 Optochin Resistance............................................................................. 172 Sulfonamide Resistance ............................................................................. 172 NOTE ON NOMENCLATURE AND CRITERIA OF RESISTANCE ...............................................172 PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCI ......................................173 Penicillin Resistance............................................................................. 173 Erythromycin Resistance ............................................................................. 176 TMP-SMZ Resistance ............................................................................. 177 Tetracycline Resistance............................................................................. 179 Chloramphenicol Resistance .............................................................................. 179 Rifampin Resistance .............................................................................. 179 Multiple Resistance.............................................................................. 179 Resistance to Other Agents............................................................................. 180 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CARRIAGE OF AND INFECTION WITH DRUG-RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCI .............................................................................. 181 Serogroups and Serotypes ............................................................................. 181 High-level resistance to penicillin and multiple drug resistance..................................................181 Intermediate resistance to penicillin ............................................................................. 181 Resistance to other antimicrobial agents............................................................................. 181 Acquisition and Carriage of Pneumococci ............................................................................. 181 Age ............................................................................. 182 Hospitalization............................................................................. 182 Community Carriage of Resistant Strains............................................................................. 183 Prior Exposure to Antibiotics............................................................................. 183 Immunodeficiency and Underlying Disease............................................................................. 184 THERAPEUTIC CHOICES AND IMPACT OF RESISTANCE ON CLINICAL OUTCOME ................184 Pneumonia and Bacteremia ............................................................................. 184 Meningitis ............................................................................. 185 Other Infections ............................................................................. 185 TREATMENT OF THE CARRIER STATE AND OTHER CONTROL MEASURES ..........................185 MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE ............................................................................. 186 Penicillin Resistance............................................................................. 186 Penicillin Tolerance ............................................................................. 186 Resistance to Other Agents and Multiple Resistance ..................................................................187 MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF PENICILLIN RESISTANCE......................................................188 IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCI ................................................................188 Optochin Resistance............................................................................. 188 Disk Susceptibility Testing .............................................................................. 188 MICs ............................................................................. 189 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................. 189 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................. 190 LITERATURE CITED............................................................................. 190


The ultrasonic radiation utilised in phacoemulsification procedures for the removal of cataractous lenses results in the widespread production of discrete lesions in the corneal endothelium. The morphology of this induced damage has been examined in rabbit and man using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The illustrated results are related to both the duration of the ultrasonic exposure and to the mechanisms of damage.


We investigate the worst case complexity regarding the number of comparisons for a simple and stable merging algorithm. The complexity analysis shows that the algorithm performs O(mlog(n/m)) comparisons for two sequences of sizes m and n . So, according to the lower bound for merging (mlog(n/m)), the algorithm is asymptotically optimal regarding the number of comparisons. For proving the worst case complexity we divide the domain of all inputs into two disjoint cases. For either of these cases we will extract a special subcase and prove the asymptotic optimality for these two subcases. Using this knowledge for special cases we will prove the optimality for all remaining cases. By using this approach we give a transparent solution for the hardly tractable problem of delivering a clean complexity analysis for the algorithm.


This study aims to describe the application of Student Facilitator and Explaining learning models in the Nusantara Awareness material to student learning outcomes. This study use classroom action research with two cycles. Data collection is done through observation, assessment of learning outcomes, and reflection. Data analysis uses interactive analysis and descriptive statistics. The application of the Student Facilitator and Explaining learning model uses three steps, i.e., the transmission of material, the formation of groups, and students (facilitators) explaining the material to other students. The analysis shows that the psychomotor learning outcomes of students in the first cycle reached 80% with a good category. Psychomotor learning outcomes of students in the second cycle reached 83% or in the excellent category. The application of Student Facilitator and Explaining learning models can improve the learning outcomes of PPKn in vocational students..


"It is we in the borderlands who have the strongest bonds with our Latin neighbors. We of all North Americans best know and appreciate their brilliant minds, their generous hearts, and their delicate culture."Herbert Eugene BoltonHoping to stimulate undergraduate as well as graduate students of the University of Houston and residents of the city to consider critically and constructively our country's relations with Latin America—their knowledge seemed to be limited to a tiny bag of clichés relative to Fidel Castro, military dictatorships, ownership of the Panama Canal, Mexican braceros, etc.—Harvey L. Johnson, professor of Spanish and Portuguese and acting director of Latin American Studies at the University of Houston, arranged a one-day conference on 19 March 1966 that featured two lectures and discussions led by members of the faculty plus a luncheon address, "The Epic Poem of Latin America" by Rafael Squirru, Argentine poet and critic and director of the Cultural Division of the Pan American Union. At a general meeting, the coordinator of the program raised the question about founding a council of Latin American studies for the southwest. Wholehearted support was manifest. In November of the same year, a three-day conference, sponsored by Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, and coordinated by Richard A. Johnson, its director of Interdisciplinary Area Programs, focused on the subject "The Confluence of the Cultures of the Americas." Among the speakers were the Honorable Fulton Freeman, United States ambassador to Mexico; Luther H. Evans, director of International Collections at Columbia University; several distinguished professors from various Mexican universities; and Howard F. Cline, director of the Hispanic Foundation. At the close of the conference an informal meeting was convened, with Richard A. Johnson serving as chairman, for the purpose of considering the desirability of establishing in Texas a regional association of Latin American studies. A motion to create it carried, but in the general discussion regarding the implementation of the proposal it was decided to await the outcome of the final decision to be reached at the conference scheduled for April 1967, at the University of Houston. Although the organization was postponed, the group recognized, nevertheless, the need to have a committee appointed to draft a constitution and bylaws prior to the meeting in Houston.


Abstract Although reports of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism have increased in the Southeast over the past 30 yr, the cowbird's status, distribution, and host relations within this region remain largely unknown. We collected information on cowbird abundance and cowbird/host interactions (parasitism frequency and intensity, hatching success of cowbirds, and host anti-parasite strategies) in an old field in the South Carolina coastal plain from March through August 1997 and 1998. We located 346 nests, representing 16 species, within the study area (Dill Sanctuary, James Island, Charleston Co., South Carolina). Female cowbird abundance (1.2% of all songbird territories) was low within the avian community; however, cowbird eggs were discovered in nests of 12 of 16 species found nesting within the study area. Although cowbird young were successfully fledged from 67% of host species' nests, five species exhibited an anti-parasite strategy (nest abandonment, cowbird egg burial, or egg ejection). The presence of these behaviors is possibly the result of gene flow into the population from areas of longer co-existence with the parasite. However, we present an alternative theory that southeastern, early-successional hosts may have retained rejection behaviors from ancestors previously exposed to cowbird parasitism.


Short term fluctuations in operational sex ratio (OSR) and density can strongly influence male mating, often exacerbating conflict between males and females. Livebearing fishes of the genus Gambusia are ideal for investigating sexual conflict because males of all sizes mate coercively. In this study, we tested how short-term fluctuations in OSR and density influence coercive male mating behaviours. Specifically, we tested the prediction that as OSR becomes more female biased, males will mate with all available females. In contrast, as OSR becomes more male biased, male aggression will inhibit mating frequency. As predicted, males mated with more females as the number of available females increased. Moreover, males were less aggressive as the proportion of females increased and more aggressive as the number of males increased. This resulted in an inverse relationship between mating and aggression with OSR and density. Coercive males attempt to maximize their reproductive success by mating with all available females, which supports classic theory on the impact of OSR and density on reproductive activity.


Background/aims: Within the past three decades, there has emerged a greater awareness of the molecular effects of solar rays especially ultraviolet radiation (UV‐R), to the extent that the harmful effects of solar radiation are recognized not only by molecular biologists and physicians, but also by the general public (1). Various sunscreen molecules that effectively block the UVB component of the sun are available; however, a large part of Western populations elicits adverse reactions against chemical sunscreens (2). This study was designed to observe the protective effect of antioxidants against the damaging effects of chronic UVB exposure of skin in an attempt to introduce antioxidants and free radical scavengers as topical sun protective agents.


Traditional water and fertilizer inputs are often much higher than the actual demands of tomato, which causes a reduction in water- and fertilizer-use efficiencies. To investigate the advantage of alternate partial root-zone irrigation (AI) on water- and nitrogen (N)-use efficiencies of tomato modified by water and N management, taking conventional irrigation (CI) as the control, the effects of AI on root morphology and activity, fruit yield and water and N use efficiency were studied using pot experiments. There were four combinations of irrigation levels and growing stages of tomato for AI, i.e. AI1 (high water (WH) from blooming to harvest stage (BHS)), AI2 (WH from blooming to fruit setting stage (BFS) and low water (WL) at the harvest stage (HS)), AI3 (WL at BFS and WH at HS) and AI4 (WL at BHS) at three urea rates, i.e. low urea rate (NL), middle urea rate (NM) and high urea rate (NH) in the form of urea. Irrigation quotas for WH and WL in AI at BFS or HS were 80% and 60% of that in CI, respectively. Compared to CI, AI decreased water consumption by 16.0%-33.1% and increased water use efficiency of yield (WUEy) and dry mass (WUEd) by 6.7%-11.9% and 10.2%-15.9%, respectively. AI1 did not decline yield, total N uptake (TNU) and N use efficiency (NUE) significantly. Compared to NL, NM enhanced tomato yield, TNU, WUEy and WUEd by 28.5%, 35.3%, 22.6% and 16.3%, respectively. Compared to CINL, AI1NM reduced water consumption by 12.5%, but increased tomato yield, TNU, WUEy and WUEd by 35.5%, 58.4%, 54.4% and 53.7%, respectively. Therefore, AI1 can improve water use efficiency and total N uptake of tomato simultaneously at medium urea rate.
Keywords: alternate partial root-zone irrigation, nitrogen level, nitrogen uptake, tomato, water use efficiency, yield
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20171006.2541

Citation: Liu X G, Li F S, Zhang F C, Cai H J, Yang Q L. Influences of alternate partial root-zone irrigation and urea rates on water- and nitrogen-use efficiencies in tomato. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(6): 94–102.


Climate changes bring a series of problems,low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice to achieve sustainable development. This paper,taking Huainan City as an example,analyzes the problems of developing low-carbon economy in areas along Huai River,such as the high pollutants in urban areas,high energy consumption,insufficient industrial vitality,lack of technological innovation,unperfected incentive and restraint system,irrational industrial structure and so on. Finally,it proposes the paths and suggestions on the development of low-carbon economy in Huainan City.


This article investigates the power of 'walls' to constrain thought and silence diverse voices of reason within planning. Using die Mauer (The Berlin Wall) as a linking metaphor, this article juxtaposes mid‐1950s planning in a spatially‐ and ideologically‐divided Berlin (Germany) against Harland Bartholomew's mid‐1950s planning in a racially‐divided Louisville, Kentucky (USA). It then juxtaposes the latter against a mid‐1950s narrative about efforts to desegregate housing in Louisville. This juxtaposition reveals that some people in Louisville used the Cold War divide between East and West to reinforce the long‐standing racial divide between blacks and whites. Moreover, it reveals that, by deferring to Cold War‐related racial politics that could not be questioned, Bartholomew's technical approach to planning silenced other voices of reason and thereby reflected and reproduced the race‐inflected politics of the Cold War divide. The article concludes by briefly considering what Bartholomew might have done differently in the context and by exploring what this juxtaposition of stories implies for planning in the context of the contemporary 'war against terrorists'.


Volume 25, no. 5, p. 1620–1633, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.25.5.1620-1633.2005. Page 1624, Fig. 2C, lower panel: Lanes 4 and 5, representing the input of the ChIP reaction amplified using the IL-2-P2 primer pair, appear identical to the input control panel (lanes 1 and 2) using the IL-2-P1 primer pair for Fig. 7G. Both are supposed to represent equal amounts of chromatin, equivalent to loading controls. Page 1628, Fig. 7G: The control panel (Mouse-IgG on top and Rabbit-IgG in the middle) for the ChIP-PCRs is inadvertently duplicated. Because of the time elapsed since publication, the original gel images are no longer available. This duplication does not change the overall conclusions of the article. We apologize for the confusion it might have caused.


Ecosystem goods and services refer to the dependence of economic wealth and human well-being on natural systems. It is a common knowledge that the changing of structure and function of the ecosystem due to climate change and human activities. It is a priority issue to study on various spatiotemporal scales, the sensitivity of ecosystems to climate change and anthropogenic pressure in inland areas. In an effort to better understand the influence of climate change and human activities on ecosystem services, we evaluated the change in ESV of the Yanqi Basin in Xinjiang, China from 1973 to 2014 employing methods of MK, MK Sneyers, ESV and dynamic degree of LUCC. The Landsat images, digital elevation model (DEM) and metrological data were applied to assessing the ESV and its change. According to the degree of effects of the climate change and human activities, the research area was divided into two parts: the mountain area and the plain oasis area at a contour of 1400 m above sea level. According to type and affect, the land cover was classified as water, wetland, desert, fields, glacier, warm shrub grassland, cold meadow steppe and highland vegetation. We analyzed the relationship between the variation of ESV and precipitation, and evaporation and then quantitatively differentiated the influence of climate change and human activities on ESV. Results show that: (1) distinct change points of precipitation and evaporation in mountain and plain oasis of the Yanqi basin were detected by the MK–Sneyers test. The precipitation increased and the evaporation declined in mountain and plain oasis in the same way. Enlargement of agricultural areas to accommodate an increased population and socio-economic development was detected by conversion matrix of LUCC in oasis area. As a result, the variation of ESV was caused by climate change and human activities jointly; (2) the declining trend of ESV in the mountain area was mainly caused by shrinking of the glacier area; (3) ESV was decreased initially and increased afterwards taking 2004 as a turning point following the trend of increased precipitation and decreased evaporation. Combined effects of climate change and human activities are main cause of ESV variations in the past 40 years in Yanqi basin. The main reasons for increased ESV in plain oasis include enlarging the artificial oasis due to intensified human activities, and supporting favorable climate change (increased precipitation and decreased evaporation).


Duplicating code can make it easier to read in some contexts, but in general it is detrimental in several ways: it increases the compilation time, the size of the source code and, more critically, the cost of maintenance and the probability of introducing new bugs during maintenance.
 We can avoid code duplication by introducing abstraction for reusable functionalities. This is an established and desirable practice, but it can take considerable effort and it is error prone by itself, which acts as a deterrent.
 In this paper, we provide two ways of automating abstraction through refactorings. The first way (that we call iterative) allows developers to introduce an abstraction layer by choosing manually the parts to abstract (one at a time), and the refactoring does the necessary code manipulations. The second way (that we call integrated) takes a partial mapping that identifies equivalent nodes of the ASTs of two modules, and automatically abstracts the mapped common parts to a separate module with a common interface, through the introduction of the template pattern.
 Implementation for both of the refactorings, their dependencies, and a matching algorithm to infer partial mappings between two ASTs, are available as part of the open-source refactoring tool Wrangler for Erlang.


In this paper we present the fabrication process and the measuring result of a 32 channel fluorinated FPEEK AWG multiplexer at the central wavelength of 1550 nm. For our AWG, the insertion loss is 12.8-17.8 dB and the crosstalk less than -20 dB. We fabricated the AWG multiplexer by spin coating, photolithographic patterning and reactive ion etching (RIE). The roughness of polymer waveguide endface was reduced by polishing. The polymer AWG's package technology and environmental stability were also discussed.


Audiometric patterns have been shown to indirectly provide information regarding the pathophysiology of presbycusis and be useful in the phenotyping of hereditary deafness.


STRUCTURED ABSTRACT: Purpose – The paper aims to clarify the relationship between the rise of the sovereign debt in the G20 and the relative underpayment of labor versus capital. Design/methodology/approach – The historic analysis of successes and failures of demand management in the leading market economies. Provide data to support and illustrate the claims made in the paper. Findings – The argument presented in the paper is that the root cause of the rapidly rising sovereign debt lies in the demand deficiency originating in the cumulative effect of lagging labor compensation relative to productivity gains. Developed market democracies desperately need policies to mend the failing social contract between labor and capital. The real solution of the debt is to address demand deficiency, increase labor participation and wages, or basically, introduce a new social contract between labor and capital. Research limitations/implications – The detailed analysis of demand management policies would have to be country specific which goes beyond the scope of the paper. Practical implications – The paper implies that G20 policies go into a wrong direction and increase the risk of chain debt defaults in the leading market economies. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified need to study the root cause of the demand deficiency syndrome and the need to introduce long term policies needed to restore growth in the market economies.


Background: homeopathy is a therapeutic system where organic, mineral, or vegetal substances are administrated which can produce the same symptoms in healthy person that the disease to treat. Objective: to analyze the backgrounds of homeopathy, some research that try to demonstrate its effectiveness and the main ideas of the detractors of this theory. Methods: this bibliographic review was conducted through search Scholar Google by typing these words: homeopathy, homeopathy remedies and water´s memory. Thirty original articles and 15 bibliographic reviews were chosen for the word homeopathy; 26 original articles and 12 bibliographic reviews for the combination of words homeopathy remedies, as well as 30 original articles and 10 bibliographic reviews for the combination of words water´s memory. Those 123 references were analyzed to check the ones that would be useful for the achievement of the article's objective, choosing those that appear as bibliographical references. Development: the theory of homeopathy, the diseases' causes and the way to prepare homeopathic medicine are tackled. Also some research about homeopathy in the world is analyzed, where the existence of favorable results to homeopathic products can be noticed. Besides, possible mechanisms of action of homeopathy are explained and some reasons for which some people are septic with homeopathic medicine are showed. Conclusions: Research about homeopathy must continue. DeCS: HOMEOPATHY; MEDICAMENTOUS DISEASE IN HOMEOPATHY; HOMEOPATHY BROADCASTING; VITAL FORCE IN HOMEOPATHY; REVIEW LITERATURE AS TOPIC.


1. The basics and interactive computing introduction 2: Limits 3: Derivatives 4: Optimal solutions and extreme values 5: Integration 6: Applications of integration 7: Integration techniques 8: More applications of integration 9: Prametric equations 10: Sequences and series.


PurposeThis study aims to examine the asymmetric effects of average temperature (TP) and rainfall (RF) on the Moroccan food security, measured by the food production index (FPI), using annual data from 1961 to 2020.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the Climate Change and Food Security Framework (CCFS) developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and employs the nonlinear auto-regressive distributed lag (NARDL) model and various econometric techniques to show the effects of climate variability in the short and long-term. It also examines if the impacts on Moroccan food security are asymmetric by analyzing the positive and negative partial sums of mean temperature and rainfall.FindingsThe study shows that RF has a long-term relationship with FPI, with increased RF leading to increased FPI and decreased RF leading to decreased FPI. FPI responds more strongly and persistently to a positive shock in RF than to an adverse shock. The study also identifies an asymmetric relationship between FPI and RF, with increased TP enhancing food output in the long run and a decrease reducing food production in the long run.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study could have some limitations. For instance, there are several other non-climate factors that might potentially impact food security. In particular, CO2 emissions which from the literature is a key variable that represent climate change impact on food security, was not included. The present research has not included those factors mainly because adding more variables to the model reduces the degree of freedom available to estimate the parameters, resulting in inaccurate results.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the food security literature by utilizing the latest asymmetry methodology to decompose climate changes into their positive and negative trends and examining the contrasting impacts food production.


To provide DWDM systems with a single source of radiation, it is possible to use a fiber femtosecond laser operating in the mode of generation supercontinuum. Functioning of a fiber ring laser operating in the mode of a train of ultra-short pulses is determined by the presence of liquid crystal polarizers being part of the resonator. Understanding of the control mode conception for passive mode locking by means of the liquid crystal polarizers is possible upon stable laser operating conditions. Therefore, it is purposed to study the conditions of sustainable modes of the ultra-short pulse fiber ring laser.


The study evaluates the decision usefulness of integrated reports by listed Namibian companies using specially designed control checklists. A manual content analysis of the sampled 2018–2019 integrated reports was performed, using the control checklists for the decision usefulness' qualitative characteristics. The study finds that the integrated reports produced in Namibia are generally decision useful, though the reports' usefulness varies from company and industry. The study's findings have policy implications, such as the need to prepare integrated reports for decision-making. The findings also provide detailed insights into the decision usefulness and quality of the Namibian listed companies' integrated reports and can serve as feedback for companies, especially the report preparers. This study has ramifications for company leadership (e.g., financial managers, boards) and regulators, as it urges businesses to produce decision-useful annual integrated reports if they want their transparency disclosures to be viewed as "informative" by their significant stakeholders, thus improving the decision usefulness of their corporate reports.


This study attempted to explore the effects of partners' proficiency levels on test scores in paired English
speaking test. Although the influence of interlocutor's effects on speaking test performance has been extensively researched
in the previous studies, the findings have been inconsistent. The present study explored the effect of partners' proficiency
levels on test scores in a paired speaking test. Participants included a total of 107 female adults and college students. Based
on their standardized speaking test scores, they were grouped into five levels: Superior, High, Intermediate, Novice-high,
and Novice proficiency level. Then, 90 test takers completed the test three times with being paired with three different partners.
The partners' proficiency levels were higher, the same as, or lower than their own. The results showed an increase in
test scores, as the proficiency level of the partners is higher. Furthermore, a statistically significant differences were found in
the test scores of test takers. In light of such effects, these findings indicate that the validity of paired speaking test needs to
be reconsidered its use and to find a better way to utilize it in a larger context.


A new carbon allotrope is disclosed comprising an inner ring of 6 carbon atoms, which are characterized by hybridized sp2 bonds, as commonly found in graphite structure. Adamene further contains an outer ring of 12 outer carbon atoms which surround and are disposed in the same plane as the inner 6 carbon ring. The 12 carbons existing in the outer ring are characterized by sp3 hybridization, as seen in a diamond structure. The carbon allotrope additionally contains a ring of 12 carbon atoms disposed above or below the plane of the inner 6 carbon ring. These additional 12 carbons are characterized by sp3 hybridized bonding, found in diamond, and more specifically in hexagonal diamond, also known as Lonsdaleite.


In order to conserve resources and at the same time spur economic growth, the European Union is pushing to establish a Circular Economy. For global businesses, including manufacturers of electrical and electronics equipment (E&EE), some of the principles of the Circular Economy will likely be applied globally rather than just within the European Union. This paper describes how the recycling of plastics from shredded waste electrical and electronics equipment (WEEE) fits within the Circular Economy, and provides some guidance to manufacturers looking to incorporate these recycled plastics in new E&EE. Furthermore, we provide recommendations on the design of E&EE such that plastics may be recycled more easily in the future.


In this paper a method with wavelet transform based on Donoho's threshold filter is described.Then Based on this methods,a new method of removing random noises was suggested.The results show that the method can improve signal-to-noise ratio.


The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of taekwondo gym's service encounter on customer satisfaction, customer trust and customer loyalty. For this purpose, this study used convenience sampling method with the 500 subjects who visited taekwondo trainees parents in Seoul and Gyeonggi area and chose 451 questionnaires excluding 49 unsuitable for the data. For data analysis was made by PASW 18.0, performing frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results were as followings. First, service encounter had a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Second, service encounter had a significant effect on customer loyalty. Third, customer satisfaction had a significant effect on customer loyalty.


Montrichardia linifera is commonly known in Brazil as "aninga." In November 2008 and August 2009, we collected plant samples and extracted leaves and stems using hexane or dichloromethane and methanol to evaluate its biological and chemical potential, phytochemical profile and polyphenol content. Differences in the chemical composition of the collections were evident. In the first collection, the apolar extracts were the richest in metabolite composition while the polar extracts were the richest in the second collection. In general, extracts from Aug/2009 had higher antioxidant and cytotoxic activities than extracts from Nov/2008 and the stem and leaf extracts from the Aug/2009 collection showed the highest polyphenol content. As an insecticide against Sitophilus zeamais, the hexane extract of the leaves (Aug/2009) presented concentration-dependent insecticidal activity. Only the methanolic extract of stems and leaves (Aug/2009) presented a small inhibition halo (9 and 7 mm, respectively) against Aeromonas hydrophila when evaluating its antibacterial potential. The study demonstrates that, collection period is an important factor to consider in phytochemical and biological activity studies of M. linifera.


s: Borralho PM, Simoes AES, Gomes SE, Lima RT, Carvalho T, Castro RE, Vasconcelos MH,Rodrigues CMP. O microRNA-143 aumenta a apoptose e reduz a proliferacao de celulas de cancro colorectal in vivo. Jornal Portugues de Gastrenterologia 2011; 18: 4. [Selected oral communication] Borralho PM, Simoes AES, Gomes SE, Lima RT, Carvalho T, Ferreira DMS,Vasconcelos MH, Castro RE,Rodrigues CMP. miR-143 overexpression impairs growth of human colon carcinoma xenografts in mice with induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation.19Euroconference on Apoptosis "Metabolism, Epigenetics and Cell Death", Stockholm, Sweden, 2011. [Poster presentation] Borralho PM,Simoes AES, Gomes SE, Lima RT, Carvalho T, Vasconcelos MH, Castro RE,Rodrigues CMP.miR-143 overexpression reduces the growth of xenograft Tumors from colon carcinoma cells, increasing tumor cell apoptosis and decreasing proliferation. XX Porto Cancer Meeting, Drug Resistance in Cancer: from Biology to Molecular Drugs and Targets, Porto, Portugal, 2011. [Poster presentation] Best Poster Award for the Basic Research session.


Workload management for operational business intelligence (BI) databases is difficult. Queries vary widely in length and objectives. Resource contention is difficult to predict and to control as dynamically-arriving, long, analyst queries compete for resources with ongoing online-transaction processing (OLTP) queries and batch report queries. Currently, administrators struggle to choose workload management policies and set their thresholds manually. The goal of our project is a software framework to make the management of such mixed workloads easier. Our framework includes a policy controller that tunes workload management policies automatically to meet workload objectives. This demonstration of our system illustrates (1) the difficulty of managing a BI database workload and (2) the benefits of tuning policies automatically and individually for each service class of queries in a workload. In addition, our demonstrator is a useful research tool for understanding how policies and a policy controller adapt as the system state changes under a mixed workload.

In our demo, the participant plays the administrator and tunes the policies for a variety of difficult-to-manage workloads as they execute. These policies include admission control, scheduling, and execution control policies. We visualize the policies, the user objectives, and the load on the system components (CPUs, memory, disks) during execution, which helps the participant see whether objectives are being met and make appropriate policy decisions. At the end of each workload, the participant is given the opportunity to compare how their policies met workload objectives versus policies determined by our automatic policy controller.


As has been pointed out by ICorschelt ('31), transplantation in a broad sense includes blood transfusion although it deals with a fluid tissue, the blood, instead of a formed tissue. It is not strange therefore that several investigators have sought special advantages in the selective transfusion of suspensions of leucocytes or other wandering cells for experimental or morphological study, although transfusion was originally devised for clinical therapeutics. Selective transfusions of leucocytes collected in great nunibers from varied sources such as exudates, pus, blood, 01blood forming tissues, were used in experiments as follows: polymorphonuclear leucocytes by Christeller and Eisner ( '28), Wallbach ( %I), Borghi ( ' 30) , Hanausek ( ' 3 8 ) , Osurrii ( '42), Far r ( '46) and others; mononuclear cells by Hamazaki and f17atanabe ( '29) ; and lymphocytes by Erf ( '40). I n these experiments, leucocytes were vitally stained by such dyes as neutral red, Janus green, acriflavin hydrochloride, trypan blue, o r lithium carmine in order to make it possible to follow the behavior of the transfused leucocytes in the blood o r tissues of the recipients.


In this paper, we study the $(k,l)$-stable vector bundles over non-singular projective curve $X$ of genus $g\geq 2,$ its relation with stability and Segre invariants. For rank 2 and 3, we give an explicit description and relation of $(k,l)$-stability and Brill-Noether loci.


Objective:This study is aimed at exploring the effect of Bazhen Decoction on the bone marrow cells and related cytokines of mice exposed to 60 Co γ ray.Methods:An experimental model of murine bone marrow injury and depressed immunofunctions was established through 60 Co γ ray radiation and the following phenomena were observed.Results:The proliferation of bone marrow cells、IL 1 produced by peritoneal M and IL 2 secreted by splenocytes decreased after seven days in mice exposed to 400 rad 60 Co γ ray.But radiation have little effect on IL 3 produced by splenocytes.Bazhen Decoction significantly enhanced the proliferation of bone marrow cells and the production of IL 1、IL 2 from irradiated mice fed with different doses of Bazhen Decoction in vivo〔small dose:4.6g/(kg·d),moderate dose:9.2g/(kg·d),large dose:18.4g/(kg·d)〕.Bazhen Decoction increased the production of IL 3 from the model control group by 10%.Conclusion:Bazhen Decoction is clinically a hopeful drug used to cure ematopoietic system and immunodeficiency diseases.


15617 Background: SM is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor recently approved for treatment of mRCC. Side effects of treatment have been investigated in 51 pts with mRCC and 35 out 51 enrolled pts resulted evaluable for response. Methods: Pts were clinically evaluated before therapy and each month during SM treatment; haematological and biochemical parameters were measured after each cycle. Thyroid function was also evaluated measuring thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH), serum free thyroxine (FT4) and triiodothyronine (FT3), before the start and after 6 months of treatment. Results: Toxicity was evaluated according to NCI-CTC. Neutropenia grade 3 was observed in 7 pts (13,7%), grade 2 in 13 (25%); anemia grade 3 was found in 3 pts (5,8%) and grade 2 in 6 (11,7%); thrombocytopenia grade 3 was found in 6 pts (11,7%), grade 2 in 5 (9,8%). Mucositis resulted a frequent side effect. In fact, 4 (7,8%) pts showed a grade 3 toxicity, 16 (31,3%) grade 2 and 10 (19,8%) grade 1 Among 29 out 35 (82,8%) pts who responded to th...


The value of routine wake electroencephalography in children with specific language impairment was reviewed retrospectively in 111 children examined over a 10-year interval at Montreal Children's Hospital, Quebec, Canada.


Post COVID-19 Pandemic conditions pose a challenge to the world of education, especially for teachers so that they can encourage students to think critically after studied from home for so long. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the collaboration of jigsaw learning model with problem-based learning (PBL) model on students' critical thinking skills in economics subject at SMA Negeri 2 Surakarta post COVID-19 Pandemic. The reasearch method used a quasi experimental design type non-equivalent control group design. The research subject was 11th grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Surakarta who were divided into two sample class, namely experimental class and control class. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques used tests, observation and documentation. The research data analysis techniques used hypothesis tests with paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA. The result of this research showed that the application of the collaboration of jigsaw learning model with PBL model had positive and significant effect on students' critical thinking skills in economics subject at SMA Negeri 2 Surakarta post COVID-19 Pandemic.


The structure of the alcohol, obtained from acid treatment of the photoadduct (1) of benzene and cis-3,4-dichlorobutene, was established as (2) by a single crystal X-ray structure analysis of its p-nitrobenzoate racemate (3).


More and more universities and colleges set foot in events education.However,their understanding of events is limited in the convention and exhibition industry,which is a highly specialized industry.In this sense,graduates are thrown into an employment dilemma.Therefore,this paper presents the needs to expand the understanding of events education to the areas including incentive travel,sports events,business promotions etc.,and to optimize paradigm,following the trend in events industry,in order to increase the employment chances for the graduates.


Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder whose genetic complexity and pathogenetic mechanisms are still being unraveled. The main goal of this work was to characterize BPD risk‐gene candidates (identified by Nurnberger et al., JAMA Psychiatry 71:657, 2014, and Stahl et al., Nat. Genet. 51:793, 2019) with respect to their evolutionary conservation, associated phenotypes, and extent of gene‐gene interactions.


In this paper, a mathematical model is provided to describe the dynamics of membrane diafiltration processes for desalting acid whey. A rich representation of the separation process is given due to the employment of concentration-dependent solute rejections in the design equations. We propose an experimental design and a suitable empirical method for parameter estimation. This technique supports the disciplined use of experimental data and reduces the number of necessary a-priori experiments. With the help of experimental data we demonstrate the power of the presented modeling method.


ABSTRACT‐ Concentrations of serotonine metabilite, 5–hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5–HIAA), and dopamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4‐dihydroxy‐phenylacetic acid (DOPAC), were measured in the samples of cerebrospinal fluid of 5 patients with acute hemiballismus. The only significant change was the increased content of HVA compared to controls. This finding support the hypothesis on the increased dopamine turnover in hemiballismus and provide a rational basis for the present treatment with antidopaminergic agents.


In this paper, we present a family of $H(\div)$-compatible finite element spaces on strictly convex $n$-gons, whose construction makes use of generalized barycentric coordinates. In particular, for integers $0\leq k\leq2$, we define finite element spaces with edge degrees of freedom that include polynomial vector fields of order $k$ and whose vector fields have piecewise $k$th-order polynomial normal traces along the element boundary. These spaces suffer from the shortcoming that the image of the divergence operator includes nonpolynomial functions and, as such, their direct use in a mixed setting along with polynomial scalar fields may lead to unstable discretizations exhibiting degraded or no convergence. We present a general remedy for restoration of optimal convergence that involves "polynomial corrections" of vector fields and their divergence at the element level. These corrections are consistent with one another and require computation of suitable polynomial projection maps. In addition to the theo...