Weak transportation infrastructure in developing countries, e.g. Iran, presents a big obstacle to foreign direct investment attraction. One way of increasing the flow of foreign direct investment into a country is decreasing the production costs through expanding facilities as well as employing higher technology level. Thus, transportation cost usually is high in these countries and industries are often concentrated in regions with more improved transportation system. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of transportation infrastructure in Iran on foreign direct investment attraction. Hence, the researchers employed Johansen Juselius econometrics method to quantify the short run and long run effect of transportation infrastructure, trade intensity, and market size on foreign direct investment attraction during 1974- 2007. The results emerging from the present study indicated that transportation infrastructure did not affect foreign direct investment attraction in short run, but in long run, it had positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment attraction.


The PROSPECT group recently added an update [1] to their original recommendations for the management of postcaesarean section pain [2]. Amongst the updates was a strengthened recommendation for the benefits of dexamethasone. The original guidelines recommended the use of dexamethasone on the basis of four trials [3–6] and this recommendation was graded as Grade A. The recent guidelines strengthened the recommendations because of a more recent systematic review [7]. Taking the four trials in order, I believe there are deficiencies in them that I wish to explore. "Use of i.v. dexamethasone was associated with better pain scores; prolongation of analgesic effect. . ." [3] Participants in this trial had less than the ED95 of bupivacaine [8] and no additional intrathecal opioid. There was no power calculation performed before the trial. Patients were allocated randomly but the clinicians were not blinded. There was a statistically significant increase in the duration of sensory block and an increase in time to first analgesia (not a prespecified outcome). There was nomention of total tramadol requirements other than a single sentence saying it was reduced (with no statistical analysis for this statement), despite that being a primary outcome. Visual analogue scores (VAS) were reported as being reduced by (approximately) 1 for the first 24 h at every time-point despite these not being a prespecified outcome. ". . .a reduction in opioid consumption" [4]. This was a better-conducted trial, although relevance to current UK practice is uncertain. During surgery the uterus was routinely exteriorised; this is not currently recommended in UK practice and is associated with increased pain [9]. The postoperative analgesic regimen was unusual with the only regular analgesic being ketorolac 30 mg every 6 h. Lowdose oxycodone/paracetamol was also given, depending on the pain score, and intravenous morphine was given for rescue analgesia. This analgesic regimen is probably not representative of best practice and does not fit with the PROSPECT recommendations of regular normal dose paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with rescue opioid. There was no difference in opioid consumption at 0–6 h, 12–24 h or total of 24 h. There was a slight reduction at 6–12 h (5 mg) but this was not a prespecified outcome. The authors of this trial themselves stated that "administration of dexamethasone 8 mg did not decrease opioid consumption in the first 24 hours". ". . .a reduced need for postoperative anti-emetics" [5]. This study was single-blinded. The spinal bupivacaine dose was again less than the ED95 (10 mg) and no long-acting opioid was given (fentanyl only). Again, the uterus was routinely exteriorised. Previous power analysis was only for detecting a difference in mean pain VAS at 24 h. There was no difference in morphine use at 24 h between the placebo and intravenous dexamethasone groups, and the VAS at 24 h was higher in the intravenous group compared with placebo (p = 0.07). The study was not powered to detect an effect on nausea and vomiting rates. "Intravenous dexamethasone was not as effective as i.v. tramadol" [6]. It is probably unsurprising that a non-standard analgesic is not as effective as a recognised analgesic. Although in this study time to first analgesia was similar (3 h) and the VAS were only different for the first 60 min. There was no opioid in the spinal anaesthetic. The systematic review [7] included three of the four trials mentioned above [3–5] and an additional 10 trials. No trials utilised neuraxial diamorphine and only three trials utilised neuraxial morphine. The authors concluded: "In the absence of long-acting neuraxial agents, dexamethasone modestly reduced pain scores at rest with a higher efficacy immediately postoperatively, but with beneficial effects lasting up to 24 hours." They also concluded that after subgroup analysis of the three trials with neuraxial morphine that there was not a "statistically significant effect of dexamethasone on early pain scores or time to rescue analgesia. Thus, it appears that an analgesic effect of dexamethasone is not detectable in the simultaneous presence of long-acting neuraxial opioids." Given that the PROSPECT recommendations are to utilise long-acting neuraxial opioids, do the authors still consider the recommendation to use intravenous dexamethasone to be a Grade A recommendation in this scenario?


4133 Background: The combination of chemotherapy and the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab (BV) is the current standard treatment for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous efforts to identify bio...


Since the last century two distinct ages of magmatic
activity have been recognized in the Espirito Santo and
Mucuri basins. The first, interpreted as Cretaceous, is
related to the South Atlantic opening and is registered
by its tholeiitic basalts of the Barremian aged Cabiunas
Formation. The second and most expressive volcanic activity
in the basin was formed during Tertiary times and
generated basalts described as of an alkaline nature,
from the Abrolhos Formation. Recent studies of core
samples obtained from two wells made by Petrobras in
the offshore part of the Mucuri Basin identified volcanic
rocks of intermediate to acid nature on the top of the
Abrolhos Formation. The presence of rhyolites and trachytes
on the top of basalts characterized for the first
time a bimodal volcanism in the submersed part of this
basin. In both these lithologies, the substitution of the
matrix minerals by carbonate and zeolites, is probably
due to the interaction of the rocks with seawater. The
two sampled wells are something like 120km apart,
which suggests that due to small lateral continuity,
characteristic of acid to intermediate magmas, these
so distant occurrences should reflect proximity with
their volcanic conduits. The presence of volcanic rock
fragments immediately overlaying the calcarenites, base
of the Caravelas Formation, documented in the core
samples, supports the registration of the extrusion of
intermediate to acid lithotypes in the final stages of the
Abrolhos volcanism. Furthermore, other occurrences
of rhyolitic and ignimbrite rocks are reported over
the Sao Mateus crystalline basement regions, Espirito
Santo State and in the northeastern part of Minas
Gerais State. Also they appear as intercalated levels in
the sandstones of the Rio Doce Formation in the most
southern part of Bahia State and could have a cogenetic
character and be related to the ending of the Abrolhos
Tertiary magmatism the dimension of which has been
underestimated until the present. Geochemical, geochronological
and isotopic studies of these rocks are
of extraordinary importance to define the extension of
basic to acid volcanism and, consequently, to contribute
to a better understanding of the tectonic evolution of
the Mucuri and Espirito Santo basins.


The African turquoise killifish uniquely combines a short lifespan with vertebrate-specific features, including age-dependent loss of neuroregenerative capacity, that are missing from the currently used model organisms. In this study, we investigate the cellular landscape that shapes adult neuro- and gliogenesis using single-cell sequencing. Our analysis identifies seventeen cell types including neuronal cells (NC), and progenitors (PC) of glial and non-glial nature in the adult killifish telencephalon. PC subclustering unveils four radial glia types, one atypical non-glial progenitor (NGP) and two clusters representing transitioning states. NC subclustering classified neurons into immature and mature excitatory or inhibitory sub-clusters. Using lineage inference analysis, we discovered neuroepithelial-like radial glia to be the source of neuro- and gliogenesis, and a central role for NGP. Our findings are evidence for specialized progenitors within telencephalon and the data is accessible via an online database, providing a resource to understand normal brain function, as well as the role of cellular relationships in response to injury and disease.Single-cell transcriptomics reveals four radial glial and one non-glial progenitor cell types relevant to the neurogenic potential of the adult killifish telencephalonIterative clustering of neuronal cell types identified two immature and multiple mature neuron subclassesLineage inference analysis of progenitor cell types suggests a neuroepithelial-like radial glia population as the start point of neuro- and gliogenesis, that generates the proliferative non-glial progenitorKillifish-specific marker genes are identified for all the telencephalic cell types, with a special emphasis on markers for the non-glial progenitor, neuron subclasses and radial glia sub-types


Amidines react in the presence of NaHCO3 with β-chlorovinyl ketones, prepared regioselectively by the reaction of 2-acetylcyclo- pentanone-type diketones with PPh3-CCl4 in 73–78% yield, to afford 2-alkyl (aryl)-pyrimidines annelated with cyclopentane derivatives in 79–87% yields.


Changes in the weight per unit length along the first and second fully-expanded laminae of Lolium perenne, Agrostis stolonifera, Holcus lanatus and Poa trivialis were experienced in tillers harvested in April and June 1987 from a permanent pasture under contrasting nitrogen treatments. Schematic models representing the weight distribution along the laminae of the different species are presented. From these models, predictions of the weight of any given proportion of the lamina length have been calculated. The weight of segments of lamina have been estimated, using the appropriate lamina model for a species, and these estimates provided consistently greater precision than estimates of lamina weight when no correction for lamina shape was considered, the length of a segment of lamina simply being multiplied by the mean overall weight per unit length of the lamina.


Numerous studies have set out to establish a connection between agricultural productivity growth and rural poverty in developing nations. Time and time again, results show that development in the agricultural sector is crucial in reducing rural poverty. This paper applies the conclusions drawn from these studies to the current state of agriculture in Kenya, where the sector represents a significant portion of economic activity. Using the percent change in GDP per capita from the previous year as a proxy dependent variable for rural poverty, results show that the percent change in agricultural value added per worker from the previous year, the percent change in terms of trade from the previous year, and the percent change in agriculture as a percentage of GDP from the previous year are all significant. Policy implications are explored, with a focus on alleviating rural poverty.


As organisations struggle to deal with an increasingly uncertain world, they are looking to their managers to find ways in helping them to prepare for possible futures. Many organisations now apply scenario planning methods as means of evaluating their effectiveness and performance under different sets of assumptions about the future. This study investigates the relationship between scenario planning and corporate performance in the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. A survey research method was used to generate data from a sample of manufacturing firms in Nigeria on scenario planning and corporate performance variables. Responses from the survey were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, product moment correlation, regression analysis and Z-test (approximated with the independent sample t-test). The results of the study indicate a statistical significant relationship between scenario planning and corporate performance as well as reveal a significant difference between the performance of firms whose scenario planning are low and the performance of firms whose scenario planning are high. The research findings provide insights regarding how the interaction between scenario planning and corporate performance would assist the growth and development of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria.


This article examines the subtitling practice of the English film Notting Hill into Chinese through a comparison of the officially released Chinese subtitles and the fan-generated subtitles. The phenomenon of fansubbing is here taken into consideration as a case study of informal translation practice for a Chinese contemporary readership. Some fans expressed dislike toward what they have watched (formal, censored subtitles) as excessively standardized Chinese translation (Zhang, 2013, p. 33). As a result of the increasing dislike with the official subtitles, fansubbing develops rapidly in the modern Chinese era. This paper aims to underline the way in which the case study film is subtitled formally and informally for a Chinese film audience. Therefore, the article first explains the practice of authorized and unauthorized subtitling and the policies with regard to their censorship in mainland China. Key examples of the subtitles in question are then analyzed, with a focus on the translation in formal and informal subtitling. Finally, the article compares the less creative formal subtitles and the highly creative informal subtitles through an analysis of key examples,. In this sense, informal subtitling practice in China as a fan-driven practice attempts to make more creative works available, in particular to the younger generation. Ultimately, the recent trend of fansubbing in China suggests that there is widespread acceptance of Chinese linguistic and cultural interference in translation when creativity takes place in the subtitling practice of English-language films for a contemporary Chinese audience.


. Learning achievement is a measure of success after following the learning process. While the mathematics learning achievement of 5th grade elementary school students is low, as evidenced by the daily recapitulation data value of students who still score below the Minimum Exhaustiveness Criteria. According to the teacher the cause is the number of students who have not mastered the fraction material as the basis of mathematics material taught in class 5. So that required handling to achieve optimal results. According to research by Elvi Mailani, the Monopoly game used as a fractional math learning tool for elementary school children can have a positive impact by training children to hone their skills. But in this study, the media used less effective because it requires special handling to achieve goals and more optimal results. Based on these problems, a model of user interface for prototype application of fractional math monopoly game for elementary school students was designed. The goal directed design method is used as a design method that focuses on user goals. Based on the result of usability evaluation for the user interface model using QUIM obtained a percentage of 91.56%. So that the user interface model has fulfilled the usability element as a learning fraction media in Elementary school.


The present study discusses the light trapping of harmful insects depending on the moonlight, its polarized percentage, and the moon phases. The trapping data were taken from light traps of North Carolina and Nebraska States of USA. We examined five species. The maximum individual number of species was collected at new moon or near the first quarter and last quarter. The farmers can use our results to forecast their plant protecting works.


Size exclusion chromatography was used to determine the chemical degradation of MIL-L-27502 oil samples from a gas turbine engine test run at a bulk oil temperature of 216 C. Results revealed a progressive loss of primary ester and additive depletion and the formation of higher molecular weight products with time. The high molecular weight products absorbed strongly in the ultraviolet indicating the presence of chromophoric groups.


Assessment and decision-making practices of a national sample of teachers serving handicapped preschool children were documented. Sixty teachers were surveyed regarding the assessment information they and other professionals collect on their students and how they use it in educational programming. It was found that teachers used behavioral observations as a basis for making decisions more often than any other single source of information. Criterion-referenced measures provided the information used most often in developing IEPs and in monitoring student progress, while progress on previous IEP objectives was used most often in changing IEPs. Although it appears that evaluation and monitoring procedures exist, the extent to which they are used systematically or regularly is questionable. Teachers of handicapped preschool children do not engage regularly or systematically in direct and continuous monitoring of pupil progress. The development of this report was supported in part by Grant No. G008400652 from Special Education Programs, U.S. Department of Education. Data analysis was supported in part by the University of Minnesota Computer Center. Points of view or opinions stated in this report do not necessarily represent official position of Special Education Programs.


Material in this volume is Appendix F of UCRL-53065. All information in this volume pertains to logs of exploratory trenches and excavations made in the vicinity of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore (SNLL) sites. This volume includes a brief description of each excavation, followed by a detailed log of the entire length of the excavation. Trenching studies and detailed loggings of construction excavations and exposures were designed to evaluate near-surface conditions in areas where faults have been postulated by previous investigators or where air photo analyses have identified faint tonal lineations that could be interpreted as fault-related.


User privacy is one important issue in online social networks. The rapid development in recent anonymous social networks shows that most users may not trust the service provider. Existing anonymizing techniques cannot support profile matching, making it difficult for a user to connect with his friends. This paper proposes a novel privacy preserving profile matching method based on the attribute based encryption, and applies this method to an anonymous and private social network. We evaluate the runtime performance of our proposed method on both laptop and mobile devices, and our experimental results show that this method can be adapted to real user applications.


Early childhood caries, or bottle-feeding caries, is an aggressive pathology and very rapid proliferation, which can destroy the teeth in a short time, reaching the proximal surfaces, causing discomfort, pain and affecting the dental pulp, causing premature loss of temporary teeth, detecting several levels of complexity, from incipient caries, less complex, until reaching deep caries that produce total or partial involvement of dental structures of minors. The objective of the present investigation is to determine the prevalence of bottle caries in children from 1 to 5 years old in the Metropolitan District of Quito, developed through a descriptive, exploratory and transversal study, applied to a sample of 557 children attending the day care centers or guagua centros of the San Jose Board of the Metropolitan District of Quito, during the period May-July 2018, to which a clinical evaluation was carried out, recording the data in a simplified dental file, containing the odontogram and the result of the decayed teeth, lost and sealed, according to the coed index, in addition, data such as age and gender will be recorded, to be tabulated and analyzed statistically through the SPSS program, applying the T-students test. Obtaining as a result that 59.61% of the sample has decay and 40.39% does not have decay, according to the ceod index, in addition, the children affected by bottle caries have an average age of 2.83 ± 0 , 91 years, those who suffer most from this pathology are those of 2 years (35.54%), followed by those of 3 years (34.94%) and those of 4 years (22.5%) and children of gender males are the ones with the most bottle-feeding cavities (53.92%) compared to girls (46.08%), concluding that a high prevalence of bottle was demonstrated within the population studied.


HE FOURTH CENTENNIAL OF the first licensed English Bible has passed almost unnoticed. Yet the Thomas Matthew Bible of 1537 exhibits three major points of distinction which entitle it to conspicuous consideration at the present time. It was the first English Bible to be specifically authorized by royal license. It became the primary English version of the Bible. It preserved the only rendition we have of William Tindale's translation of the historical books of the Old Testament.


This report summarizes the wind resource on the Lummi Indian Reservation (Washington State) and presents the methodology, assumptions, and final results of the wind energy development feasibility assessment, which included an assessment of biological impacts and noise impacts.


Line scan diffusion weighted imaging (LSDI) pulse sequence for 0.32 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system was developed. In the LSDI pulse sequence, the imaging volume is formed by the intersection of the two perpendicular planes selected by the two slice-selective /2-pulse and -pulse and two diffusion sensitizing gradients placed on the both side of the refocusing -pulse and the standard frequency encoding readout was followed. Since the maximum gradient amplitude for the MR system was 15 mT/m the maximum b value was . Using the developed LSDI pulse sequence, the diffusion weighted images for the aqueous NaCl solution phantom and triacylglycerol solution phantom calculated from the line scan diffusion weighted images gives the same results within the standard error range (mean diffusivities = at 0.32 T, at 1.5 T) and the LSDI images were insensitive to the magnetic susceptibility difference and chemical shift.


Landslides and mudflow after heavy monsoon rains are happening recurrently as the consequences of unwise hill cutting and deforestation in the Chittagong city, causing fatal accident including the loss of lives and property loss. In this paper, we present the main causes for landslide by determining the engineering and geological properties of the in situ soil samples. The analyzed slopes are consisting of two types of formation. Upper part comprises of hard and compact silt/clay layer with high cohesion (1.9-6.82 KPa) and Young modulus (519.4-2627.0 KPa). On the other hand, lower part consists of loose sand with relatively low cohesion (1.53-3.5 KPa) and Young modulus (49.16-55.0 KPa) The mathematical modeling using both liquid equilibrium and finite element method shows that the analyzed slopes are relatively stable (Factor of Safety and Shear Reduction Factor is more than 1) at dry condition. However, in the wet condition most of the slopes are vulnerable for landslide and need support to be stable for saving the people from accidents and injury.


Part I: Primal Assets: A System for the Management of Meaning. Chapter 1: The First System-Ever-for the Management of Meaning. Chapter 2: Archetypes: The Heartbeat of Enduring Brands. Chapter 3: Postmodern Marketing. Part II: The Yearning for Paradise: Innocent, Explorer, Sage. Chapter 4: The Innocent. Chapter 5: The Explorer. Chapter 6: The Sage. Part III: Leaving a Thumbprint on the World: Hero, Outlaw, Magician. Chapter 7: The Hero. Chapter 8: The Outlaw. Chapter 9: The Magician. Part IV: No Man (or Woman) Is an Island: Regular Guy/Gal, Lover, Jester. Chapter 10: The Regular Guy/Gal. Chapter 11: The Lover. Chapter 12: The Jester. Part V: Providing Structure to the World: Caregiver, Creator, Ruler. Chapter 13: The Caregiver. Chapter 14: The Creator. Chapter 15: The Ruler. Part VI: Finding True North: Positioning an Archetypal Brand. Chapter 16: The Artichocke: Uncovering the Archetypal Meaning of Your Brand. Chapter 17: Telling Your Brand Story. Chapter 18: The Case of the March of Dimes. Part VII: Deeper Waters. Chapter 19: May the Force Be With You: Capturing Category Essence. Chapter 20: The Real McCoy: Branding and Organizational Congruence. Chapter 21: Leaving a Legacy: The Ethics of Archetypal Marketing.


High titanium loading MCM-41 was prepared via the novel post-grafting method by impregnating calcined MCM-41 into the Ti-Si sol.In comparison with the conventional direct synthesis and the impregnation method,the regular mesostructure was preserved and the four-coordinated titanium was evenly dispersed on the inner surface of MCM-41 through the present strategy.The product was characterized by XRD and UV-vis.The as-synthesized catalysts showed remarkable activities in the epoxidation of cyclohexene.The sample with Si/Ti = 10 revealed highest conversion and selectivity.


ABSTRACT The School of Education, University of Nottingham (UoN), UK and Beiwai:Online, Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU) Beijing, China have been engaged on a collaborative project to develop a generic module for the training of online tutors as part of the eChina-UK programme. Participatory design approaches have been used within this project to allow potential users of the module to play an important role in the design process. Academics, technologists and tutors from China and UK worked together in small groups over nine months to produce the module materials. Reflective accounts, audio recordings of face to face (F2F) group working and interviews have been used to explore the design process. This paper describes the participatory design approach in this project and explores an activity theory based analysis approach that is used to identify some of the factors that affected the design process. Keywords: participatory design; activity theory; tutor training; intercultural INTRODUCTION This paper provides an introduction to research into the process of participatory design of online materials for the training of online tutors: etutor training. A collaboration between the School of Education, University of Nottingham (UoN), UK and Beiwai Online, Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU) Beijing, China set out to develop an etutor training module for use initially within BFSU, but which was intended to be developed eventually as a set of generic materials for use across the Higher Education sector. Participative design approaches that involve a wide range of professionals, i.e. technologists, academics and etutors have been adopted to support a shared dialogue between the cultures to produce effective etutor training materials. There is much rhetoric about the importance and the value of including potential users in the design of online materials and experience of this process indicates that it is complex and time consuming. However it was felt that the development of the tutor training module would benefit greatly from an involvement of some of the Chinese tutors who would be potentially completing the tutor training module. It was also felt important to develop an understanding of the participatory design process to inform ways of working within the collaborative project and to share this more widely. The research reported here explores the cross cultural interactions among the groups of people involved in the design process. The paper begins by contextualising the research by describing the project, the structure of the tutor training module and the participatory design approach used to develop the materials for the module. An activity theory approach has been used to support the analysis of the data and the paper provides an analysis of two cases of group activity within the project to illuminate the value of this research approach. THE CONTEXT The School of Education, UoN, UK and Beiwai Online, BFSU, Beijing, China were engaged in a collaborative project to develop an online Masters in English Language Teaching for teachers at tertiary level from 2004 - 6. Details of these Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) funded developments and the wider eChina-UK programme of which this project was only one part can be found on http://www.echinauk.org . As part of the UoN-BFSU collaboration and as a result of a user needs analysis of potential tutors for the Masters course it became clear that a 'new' approach to tutor training was needed. This resulted in further collaboration by the partners to develop a generic module for the training of online tutors as part of the eChina-UK programme., funded by the institution themselves together with HEFCE. TUTOR TRAINING IN CHINA The approach to tutor training that exists in China supports the learning and teaching activities in the course and this has been the approach taken at Beiwai:Online for their current programmes. …


The times and growing needs for telecommunications technology in Indonesia, pushes Government and Operators to cooperate in realizing LTE network, which is realized starting in 2014. In Indonesia, which generally uses GSM technology, LTE network is also implemented at the frequency of 1.8 GHz. To Increase the quality and capacity of LTE communication system, MIMO technology is used. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is a communication system using multiple antennas both on the transmitter and receiver. With MIMO technology, four micro-strip antenna will be realized so that a higher data rate is achieved. This final project designed and realized Bowtie micro-strip antenna MIMO 4x4 for applications on LTE technology at a frequency of 1.8 GHz with 3 dBi gain and bandwidth ≥ 50 MHz. From the measurement results, achieved bandwith with VSWR < 1,6. Bandwith ≥ 70 MHz on all antennas. Measured gain on the first antenna: 3,62 dBi, on the second antenna 3,67 dBi, on the third antenna 3,60 dBi, and on the fourth antenna 3,50 dBi. The radiation pattern generated during simulation and after fabrication is bidirectional. Polarization generated in simulation and measurement is elips. Based on the frequency, bandwidth, gain, and dimensions of the resulting antenna, then this antenna can be used on a mini BTS in the LTE technology.


Union Royalty, Inc., Amoco Production Company, and Enron Liquids Pipeline Company recently announced that they have commenced operations of an innovative enhanced oil recovery project at the El Mar (Delaware) Unit in Loving County, Texas, about 100 miles west of Midland, Texas. The project will convert the unit`s existing oil recovery system from a secondary (waterflood) system to a tertiary (CO2 flood) system designed to use carbon dioxide and water to increase crude oil production from the unit. What makes this EOR project unique is the creative deal structured by the partners involved. Amoco, Union Royalty, and Enron have worked out an unprecedented arrangement whereby Amoco essentially trades CO2 for an interest in Union Royalty`s future oil production from the unit. By pioneering this innovative deal new production life has been restored to a field that otherwise might dry up. Enron is participating in the project by transporting CO2 to the unit via a 40-mile expansion of its Central Basin Pipeline system from the Dollarhide oil field in Andrews county, Texas. The project will be implemented in four phases. The first phase in operation today comprises seven CO2 injection wells which have begun to process the reservoir with CO2. Plansmore » now call for more CO2 injectors to be installed during the next three to five years until a total of 65 CO2 injectors and an on-site CO2 compression facility serve the unit`s 70 production wells.« less


hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Background: The overexpression of transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), a Hippo pathway effector, was detected in a variety of cancers. However, controversies remain in published studies on the prognostic value of TAZ expression in cancer. We performed a meta-analysis to demonstrate the prognostic significance of TAZ in overall survival (OS) and its association with clinicopathologic characteristics. Web of Science databases for eligible studies investigating the association between TAZ and survival. After extracting data, we used hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for association evaluation, I 2 for heterogeneity across studies, and Egger's test and Begg's funnel plot for publication bias assessment. Results: A total of 15 studies including 2,881 patients were analyzed. Pooled results showed that a high TAZ was significantly associated with poor OS (HR =1.82, 95% CI =1.58–2.11; I 2 =33%; P=0.11). Subgroup analysis indicated significant correlation between TAZ overex-pression and OS in patients stratified by ethnicity, sample size, sample source, and staining location. Furthermore, TAZ overexpression was associated with worse OS in hepatocellular carcinoma Conclusion: TAZ overexpression is not only a predictive factor of poor prognosis but also associated with advanced TNM stage, poor tumor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis.


The paper presents an overall view of the business model (BM) for the e-balance system for: balancing energy production and consumption in energy efficient, smart neighbourhoods (the e-balance project, FP7-SMARTCITIES-2013) along with its functionalities, based upon the Osterwalder's canvas methodology. Additionally, this is the second, after two years of work, more incisive evaluation of the BM from the user's and demo site's perspective (Bronsbergen, the Netherlands). The aim of this paper is to present results and assess the above mentioned BM in the face its commercialisation and applicability to Europe.


Abstract The shape and orientation of NaF particles in NaCl crystals have been examined. The phases have the same orientation and {111} habit planes are preferred. Similar orientations also appear to exist between phases in the eutectic mixtures LiF–NaF and NaCl–NaF.


One of the most important challenges for the Internet of Things (IoT) is the implementation of edge computing platforms. In order to improve the response time, the confidentiality, or the energy consumption of IoT applications, part of IoT services must be operated on servers, deployed close to connected devices. This said, much remains to be done for the practical realization of this vision. What are edge servers? Where will they be deployed? These are some questions that are poorly addressed in the literature. In this paper, we propose to build an edge computing framework around new datacenter models in which computing servers are seamlessly integrated in buildings. The datacenter models we are considering have been developed around the concept of data furnace. This concept has been implemented in European cities for district heating. Our paper introduces a new processing model in which edge and distributed cloud computing are operated with the same data furnace servers. We then discuss the challenges in the utilization of this model for edge computing. Our discussion deals with urban integration, service computing frameworks and performance issues. Finally, we end with an impact analysis of our proposition on the future of cloud computing.


Sloshing in LNG carriers can lead to large impacts on the containment system. It is important to assess these impact pressures and forces for adequate design of containers. Because of stochastic character of sloshing, experimental analysis is mainly recommended by ship classification societies (ABS, 2006; DNV, 2006). An experimental system for sloshing has been settled down in Seoul National University (SNU) to predict pressure impacts. In the application of experiment analysis, how to scale the experimental results to the actual design is one of the difficulties. Dimensionless numbers for this application have been studied, but none of them have drawn a complete conclusion. Global behavior of the fluids is governed by the Froude number, so the ullage pressures should be Froude scaled (Bass et al., 1980). The local behavior, however, needs another scaling law. To find out appropriate scaling law for local phenomenon of sloshing, analytic, numerical, and experimental studies have been conducted. Acoustic scaling including the density ratio has been theoretically identified, it is to be relevant as well as Froude scaling to the sloshing problem (Dias et al., 2007). During the impact, transfer of momentum between liquid and gas is occurred, so the density ratio has an influence on the impact pressure. Numerical studies have also shown this influence of the density ratio (Dias et al., 2007). The consequences of experiments have substantiated the importance of the density ratio (Maillard and Brosset, 2009), and a dimensionless number, which consists of the density ratio and polytropic index, has been proposed with experimental results (Yung et al., 2009). Sloshing model tests at small scale which give the density ratio consideration is considered more representative. Model tests of previous studies, however, have been performed with 2D harmonic motions for reducing uncertainties of an experiment. Influence of the density ratio on sloshing is still unclear, and another parameter of sloshing experiments can be dependent on the density ratio. The density ratio, for example, could affect the resonance frequency, which is usually shifted with the experimental conditions from the theoretical approach. This paper presents a variation of the sloshing loads with respect to the density ratio between fluids. 2D tank has been manufactured for finding appropriate resonance frequencies. Moreover, 3D tank and actual design sea conditions have been carried out, and the experimental results with different filling levels are illustrated in this study. The results of actual design conditions could be affected by secondary effects of the test conditions such as heading angles, sea conditions, 3D effects, and other parameters, the influence of the density ratio on the statistical pressure is still observed even in the irregular motions of the significant environment conditions. SCALING LAWS and DIMENSIONLES NUMBERS


To develop a scale to assess emotional and behavioral problems in school children, a list of 109 most frequently occurring problems after validation by 20 experienced school psychologists was administered to 853 school children (grades 8-10) along with Youth Self Report (YSR; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Exploratory factor analysis revealed 6 factors of the present scale termed as School Children Problems Scale (SCPS) common with YSR namely Anxiousness, Academic Problems, Aggression, Social Withdrawal, Feeling of Rejection and Psychosomatic Complaints. A significant positive correlation was found between SCPS and two broad band scales of YSR. SCPS was found to be a reliable (test-retest reliability = 0.79 and split half reliability = 0.89) and a valid scale with acceptable psychometric properties.


Classification tasks using imbalanced data are not challenging on their own. When the classes are linearly separable, a regular classification algorithm usually induces predictive models able to distinguish the classes properly. Imbalanced data poses difficulty for the minority class when the training sets have classes overlapping or a complex border decision. Assessing these characteristics is fundamental to understand the classification task difficulty and to choose adequate pre-processing techniques for imbalanced data. Measures able to identify the complexity of a classification task for a given dataset have been proposed. These measures use different criteria to identify how difficult it is to induce a classifier from a dataset. In this paper, we investigate the use of data complexity measures to estimate the best sample size for data imbalance pre-processing techniques. For such, this paper assesses the predictive performance and the data complexity of real datasets after applying pre-processing techniques using different sample sizes. According to experiments, the data complexity measures are a tool to help in choosing a proper sample size to improve the predictive performance of the classifiers. We also observe that only the difficulty of predicting the minority class is not enough when dealing with sampling. As an alternative to deal with this deficiency, we suggest a combination of the data complexity of both classes.


Here, four D–π–A porphyrin dye molecules with carboxylic acid at the para-position or meta-position of the benzene ring (coded as WH-C4, WH-C1, WH-C6 and WH-C7, respectively) were designed and synthesized for monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells with mesoscopic carbon counter electrodes. Significant optical and electrochemical differences were found for WH-C6 and WH-C7 with carboxylic acid at the meta-position of the benzene ring in comparison with WH-C4 and WH-C1 with carboxylic acid at the para-position of the benzene ring. The influence of anchoring group positions on the photovoltaic performance of corresponding devices was systematically investigated. The devices sensitized by WH-C6 and WH-C7 show inferior open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit photocurrent (Jsc) compared with those sensitized by WH-C4 and WH-C1. The above performance differences were confirmed and explained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), UV-visible absorption spectra and dye loading measurement, respectively.


A good image of a university library is depended on different propaganda work,through which the good image can be established in the minds of readers.The content of the propaganda work includes two major aspects: the direct propaganda of its resources,and the propaganda in the sense of advocacy journalism.This paper is aiming at the study of the public information on the library website,tracing the news section of six university libraries' websites in Nanjing.The author of this article makes an analysis of the library's external publicity,and presents some reasonable suggestions.


We have found no reported proof of major, permanent detrimental effects from the smoking of marijuana in small amounts by rational people. Yet it has been linked with everything from irreversible brain damage to marked relief of pain. Why is the literature so contradictory? In 1967, a high priority program was inaugurated by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to study the implications of marijuana use. Since then, the public has been bombarded with reports of innumerable studies, many of them biased at the least, misleading at worst. Part of the confusion is due to the


Background Lean thinking and management are continuous improvement management plan that design the work flow to produce improvements in safety, quality and productivity. Aim: to develop an instrument to measure penetration of lean thinking for frontline nursing staff. Methods: A methodological mixedresearch design was utilized in all hospitals that are affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Population at El-Beheira Governorate (n= 21). Subjects: Jury group (n=55), divided into two groups: academic experts (n=10) and clinical/professional experts (n=45).Tools: tool one: Frontline Lean Thinking(FLT) Instrumentand tool two: opinnionaire sheet and a demographic data sheet for study subjects. The tool development was executed based on five steps: (1) Content domain specification; (2) Item pool generation; (3) Face & content validity evaluation; (4) Reliability assessment; lastly, (5) Instrument refinement. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of expert groups agreed on the final version of the developed FLT Instrument with the three levels, namely: organization, unit and individual with its ten sub-domains. Conclusion: the overall result from panel of experts: both academics and clinical/professional experts showed that the developed FLT Instrument has face and content validity. Moreover, the internal consistency reliability of the developed FLT Instrument illustrated good reliability. Recommendations: implementing the valid and reliable developed tool for measuring lean thinking penetration in different health care settings; conducting continuous periodic training programs for frontline nursing staff in different healthcare units; performing baseline assessment followed by yearly lean thinking penetration assessment; tracking changes in unit performance after implementation of a lean intervention that may give insight into quality of care; and contacting customer to report on improvements and apply the essence of lean thinking.


This study is aimed to describe the implementation of learning history in high school equivalency programs. This study uses the descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected by interviews, documentation, and observation. Data analysis technique use qualitative analysis inductive models with purposive sampling technique. The results of this study are: first, planning learning history in high school equivalency program started from In-House Training for educators in high school equivalency program which practiced in the preparation of the learning device are appropriate to the curriculum; second, the implementation of learning history in high school equivalency program involves three patterns of learning consisting of 20% face-to-face interaction, 30% tutorials, and 50% independent activity; third, constraints in the implementation is the readiness of learners in receiving learning materials, learning infrastructure, and the competence of educators in conveying the teaching of history; fourth, evaluation of learning history in high school equivalency program is equal to the formal school.


The paper takes the present situation of industrial development as the start to discuss the necessity of third industrial interaction.It points out that China has the objective conditions.It believes that establishing the integrated market system of urban and rural,the industry chain of agriculture,industry and trade,the development of special agriculture gardens and the convergence of industries are the effective ways.


We present a new approach for content analysis to quantify document tone. We find a significant relation between our measure of the tone of 10-Ks and market reaction for both negative and positive words. We also find that the appropriate choice of term weighting in content analysis is at least as important as, and perhaps more important than, a complete and accurate compilation of the word list. Furthermore, we show that our approach circumvents the need to subjectively partition words into positive and negative word lists. Our approach reliably quantifies the tone of IPO prospectuses as well, and we find that the document score is negatively related to IPO underpricing.


We give an O(logm/ log logm)-competitive prophet inequality for combinatorial welfare maximization with subadditive agents, improving over the O(logm) upper bound. Our policy is computationally efficient given sample access to the prior and demand queries. As a byproduct, we show that essentially the same policy is O(1)-competitive for combinatorial welfare maximization with submodular or fractionally subadditive (a.k.a. XOS) agents.


The location of reproduction is a key life history trait, as it influences the bio-physical conditions that offspring experience and, thus, fitness. Capelin Mallotus villosus is a small (< 200 mm), short-lived forage fish that spawns in two habitats in coastal Newfoundland: warm beaches and cool, deep water (15–40 m). From 2009 to 2014, we investigated temperature-dependent spawning habitat use by quantifying hourly temperature at spawning sites during July within each habitat along with population-level spawning site use. Capelin did not spawn at sites with temperatures <2 C or consistently >12 C, supporting the estimated suitable spawning temperature range (2–12 C). Spawning typically occurred exclusively at beaches early in July when deep-water habitat was too cold (i.e.<2 C), and then switched to deep-water habitat later in July when beaches became too warm (i.e.>12 C). Spawning overlapped for 1–3 d in both habitats when temperatures were within suitable ranges (2011, 2013), but capelin also spawned exclusively in one habitat when temperatures remained suitable in the other. The latter suggests that other factors influence spawning habitat selection, such as conspecific egg densities and other environmental conditions. Overall, the flexible use of spawning habitats, along with wide tolerance ranges of capelin eggs to environmental conditions, are likely key adaptations to maximize fitness and stabilize population dynamics of this important forage fish species in an unpredictable environment.


A year's worth of strenuous lobbying by Canada's scientific community has paid off. The 1998 budget – announced in late February and starting on 1 April – reverses scheduled cuts in R&D funding and adds new initiatives for students. "There can be few things more critical to determining our economic success in the next century than a vigorous, broad-based R&D effort," said Paul Martin, finance minister, in his budget speech. "The fact is, the more R&D that is done in Canada, the more jobs that will be created for Canadians."


English teachers are generally prepared to immerse their students in the study of rich, widely diverse literary texts. They know the history and significance of such texts, and they are eager to engage their students in close reading, in-depth discussion, and detailed writing about literature. However, Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and similar standards now require students to learn more about nonfiction, particularly informational texts. This shift toward balance between literary and informational texts is a new challenge for many of us.In fact, CCSS now require that K-12 students read increasingly more nonfiction texts, such that by the time they reach grade 12, 70 percent of students' reading is nonfiction (National Governors Association). This total is intended to come from students' reading in all content areas, but this does not alleviate English teachers' need to address increasingly sophisticated forms of nonfiction in English class. While the CCSS counts "literary nonfiction" (personal essays, speeches, opinion pieces, and other staples of English courses), English teachers are also expected to include "historical, scientific, technical, or economic accounts (including digital sources) written for a broad audience" (57). Including these more pragmatic genres in English can challenge instructional time in class, teachers' knowledge, and students' engagement.Fortunately, we have found that infographics-those now ubiquitous, smartphonescreen-shaped Internet posters that give detailed information quickly and in a visually stimulating manner-are effective for encouraging students to understand and even appreciate complex informational texts. (See Figure 1 for an example of an infographic, which we refer to again later.)1 As Paula Wolfe and Danielle Kleijwegt explain, "visual interpretation may provide students the ability to understand and communicate ideas they cannot yet comprehend from text alone" (30). As texts that merge images and print (like the graphic novels Wolfe and Kleijwegt examine), infographics may provide students with greater access to more complex ideas. Further still, because they frequently use links to multiple supporting documents, infographics can quite accurately be treated as academic documents.Even better, we have explored ways of teaching infographics that bring informational text into dialogue with literary texts, thus requiring students to synthesize different kinds of textual information, engaging them in higher-order thinking, while working in a genre intended for real-world readers.This article is co-authored by four English teachers: two college teachers (Ken and Nicole) and two secondary teachers who are former students of Ken and Nicole (Sara and Brittany). With Ken and Nicole's guidance, Sara and Brittany created infographics that allowed them to identify informational texts they could use to explore specific issues of social justice in canonical literary texts (Arthur Miller's The Crucible and Laurie Halse Anderson's Speak). In this article, we describe our reasons for and experiences using free software to compose infographics in a manner that requires students to synthesize literary and informational texts.2What Are infographics, and Why Should English Teachers Care about Them?Infographics are more than just data visualizations, which, according to Randy Krum, author of the highly regarded Cool Infographics: Effective Communication with Data Visualization and Design, are "visual representations of numerical values . . . [that] . . . create a picture from a given set of data" (2). Data visualizations are powerful tools-such as pie charts, bar graphs, line graphs, and steam graphs- that help readers understand complex sets of values.3 Infographics, by contrast, are more than data points put into pictures. An infographic is a "larger graphic design that combines data, visualizations, illustrations, text, and images together into a format that tells a complete story " (Krum 6; italics added). …


This paper attempts to investigate whether there is an effect of surface covering materials on land surface temperature in Kandy city, Sri Lanka by employing GIS and RS techniques. Measuring the change in built-up area, detecting the correspondent change in land surface temperature and identifying the correlation between surface covering materials and land surface temperature in temporal basis are the objectives of this paper. The paper utilizes Urban Index (UI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) and simple linear regression technique to achieve the objectives. Landsat satellite images with moderate resolution in 1994, 2003, 2007 and 2015 obtained from the server of United State Geological Survey (USGS) were used. Results evidently illustrates that both surface covering materials and land surface temperature in the city have substantially increased during the last-twenty-year period. The mean temperature in the city has risen from by 5.83 C0 degrees from 1994 (23.78 C0) to 2015 (29.61 C0). Simple linear regression analysis indicates that there is an obvious impact of increase in surface covering materials on the surface temperature rise in Kandy city.


Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophil-related end organ damage. Whereas most patients respond to steroid therapy, high doses are often necessary and serious side effects are common. Dexpramipexole (KNS-760704) is an orally bioavailable synthetic amino-benzothiazole that was in development for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite failure to meet the primary efficacy endpoint in a phase 3 trial in ALS patients, dexpramipexole showed an excellent safety profile and was found to significantly decrease absolute eosinophil counts (AEC) in >70% of the study participants. Consequently, a proof-of-concept study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexpramipexole as a steroid-sparing agent in 10 HES subjects. Subjects with HES on steroid monotherapy were eligible for the study if they required ≥10 mg prednisone or equivalent for control of symptoms and eosinophilia. Subjects with AEC Study enrollment is complete. Median age at enrollment was 51 years (22-72) with 40% women. Baseline clinical manifestations included eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (60%), pulmonary involvement (50%), skin, muscle, sinus, and cardiac disease. Median baseline AEC was 670/uL (280-2540) and median MECD at baseline was 18.75 mg of prednisone (10-25). To date, the MECD on dexpramipexole has been determined for 7 subjects, and 3 subjects continue on study and have not completed the steroid taper on dexpramipexole. Two of the 7 evaluable subjects met the primary end point. Both subjects reached a MECD of 0 mg of prednisone and had complete symptom resolution with AEC of 0/uL within 3 months of initiating treatment with dexpramipexole. They remain in clinical remission on dexpramipexole monotherapy for 7 and 12 months, respectively. One additional subject who did not meet the primary endpoint at 3 months, was able to maintain a stable dose of 12.5 mg of prednisone with clinical improvement. She has remained on dexpramipexole and has demonstrated a delayed response with AEC 100/uL on 8.75 mg prednisone (50% of her baseline MECD) at 6 months. The remaining 4 evaluable subjects failed to respond and were taken off study. No deaths or drug related adverse events were observed, although 2 subjects reported transient palpitations and insomnia that resolved without drug discontinuation. Bone marrow biopsies performed at 12 weeks revealed markedly decreased AEC and basophils in responders as compared to baseline samples, and residual eosinophils appeared left-shifted. Other cell lineages were unchanged. Gastrointestinal biopsies in 1 responder demonstrated complete resolution of tissue eosinophilia after 5 months on dexpramipexole. Flow cytometry demonstrated no difference in CD34+ or CD34+IL-5R+ cell numbers after 12 weeks of treatment, but a decrease in eosinophil expression of Siglec 8, an inhibitory receptor expressed only on mature eosinophils. These changes were not observed in the non-responders. CD34+ cell cultures using normal cord blood samples also suggest a delay in maturation of the eosinophil lineage in the presence of dexpramipexole. Given the frequency of steroid-induced morbidity in patients with HES, alternate therapeutic options are critical. In this pilot study, dexpramipexole showed remarkable efficacy as a steroid-sparing agent without apparent toxicity in a subset of subjects with steroid-responsive HES. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, preliminary data suggest that dexpramipexole may affect eosinophil maturation in the bone marrow. Disclosures Bozik:Knopp Biosciences: Employment. Brown:Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.: Employment. Demarco:Knopp Biosciences: Employment. Komarov:Knopp Biosciences: Employment. Magee:Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.: Employment. Prussin:Knopp Biosciences: Employment. Signore:Knopp Biosciences: Employment. Sullivan:Knopp Biosciences: Employment. Wetzler:Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.: Employment. Dunbar:Novartis: Research Funding. Dworetzky:Knopp Biosciences: Employment.


This article tries to discuss the beet root output and the sugar content influenced from beet genotype and the environment interaction effect,in order to search a breeding way to raise the beet root output and the sugar content.


Many beliefs about deceptive communication – like liars avoid eye contact – are popular but inaccurate. To better understand the transmission of both accurate and false cues to deception, we examined the perceived source of deception beliefs. Two exploratory studies revealed six categories of belief sources such as observed behavior, mass media, and social networks, derived from 19 categories of deception beliefs. Reported beliefs loaded onto three primary factors suggesting a simpler schema for detecting deception. Both studies revealed that most people recalled learning about cues to deception from observing others' behavior, however, inaccurate beliefs were more likely to be perpetuated by credible sources.


Performance optimization for networked and embedded control systems refers to the ability of minimizing controllers' resource utilization and/or improving control performance. Event-driven control has been shown to be a promising technique for minimizing controllers' computational demands. However, optimization of control performance for event-driven control has not been fully addressed. For LTI plants, this paper presents a boundary for event-driven controllers that determines at each job execution when the next job execution should occur in order to minimize a continuous-time quadratic cost function while minimizing controllers' computational demand. Simulation results illustrate the qualitative shape of this boundary.


The two‐component fluid equations describing electron‐drift and ion‐acoustic waves in a nonuniform magnetized plasma are shown to possess nonlinear two‐dimensional solitary wave solutions. In the presence of magnetic shear, radiative shear damping is exponentially small in Ls/Ln for solitary drift waves, in contrast to linear waves.


Considering the fierce competition faced by most companies in a globalized economy, it is important to increase bonds to customers. In a scenario of mutual enforcement of globalization and the information and communication technologies that enable it, increasing the access to information and connectivity among people offers several opportunities in the international tourism arena. The objective of this paper is to discuss the use hostels in the Northeastern coast of Brazil are making of the Internet as a "virtual shop window" to advertise their business proposals and to capture the attention of potential customers, specially international ones. In order to do that, a protocol was used to collect data from the hostels websites, with focus on four major issues: the first impression given by the website, its content, quality and design.


The notions of unimodular Minkowski and Hausdorff dimensions are defined in [arXiv:1807.02980] for unimodular random discrete metric spaces. The present paper is focused on the connections between these notions and the polynomial growth rate of the underlying space. It is shown that bounding the dimension is closely related to finding suitable equivariant weight functions (i.e., measures) on the underlying discrete space. The main results are unimodular versions of the mass distribution principle, Billingsley's lemma and Frostman's lemma, which allow one to derive upper bounds on the unimodular Hausdorff dimension from the growth rate of suitable equivariant weight functions. These results allow one to compute or bound both types of unimodular dimensions in a large set of examples in the theory of point processes, unimodular random graphs, and self-similarity. Further results of independent interest are also presented, like a version of the max-flow min-cut theorem for unimodular one-ended trees and a weak form of pointwise ergodic theorems for all unimodular discrete spaces.


Abstract The authors conduct an exposé on the deterministic denunciations of Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS) and how citation errors keep these criticisms alive. They use a zombie metaphor to describe more than two decades of battling these seemingly mindless assessments of QDAS that keep coming –despite their decay – and simply will not die. Focusing exclusively on the criticism of separation/distancing, which alleges that the computer and the software interfere with the researcher's familiarity with the data, the authors trace one current strand of this criticism through a literature genealogy. Three citation errors (half-truth, proxy, and hearsay) are identified to help dismantle the criticism that QDAS inevitably and negatively interferes with the researchers' connection to the data. The article concludes with a reckoning about the role of QDAS experts in perpetuating these citation errors and provides four specific recommendations for all qualitative researchers; suggestions that amount to a more viable avenue for pursuing a cure.


Quantum computing is an emerging paradigm that can deliver a major computational advantage over traditional classical computing by using quantum mechanical concepts such as interdependence and superposition. This analytical role of quantum computing is supposed to help solve many dynamic and computationally intractable issues in many fields of research, such as drug design, computer science, green energy, economics, industrial chemical processing, stable communications, and quantum chemistry, among others. The Time Delay Additive Evolutionary Prediction Method (TAEF) is a modern time series prediction method that performs an evolutionary search for at least the number of dimensions required to explain the fundamental information that you generate from the time series. The proposed solution is inspired by the principle of Takins and consists of an intelligent hybrid model consisting of an artificial neural network with genetic algorithm modification. To correct for temporal phase distortions, the TS method finds the best fit model for chain prediction, to begin with, then performs a behavioral statistical test. With the corresponding time sequence, an experimental study was carried out, according to many performance metrics, the robustness of the method is shown by comparing previous findings found in the literature and those obtained by more traditional approaches.


This article proposes a fast reaching finite time synchronization approach for chaotic systems along with its application to medical image encryption. First, an adaptive terminal sliding mode tracking approach with fast reaching condition is designed to synchronize the chaotic systems at the transmitter and receiver ends in finite time. Then, a chaotic cryptosystem, using synchronized chaotic systems as secret keys generator, is proposed to enhance the security of medical image transmission and/or storage. The applicability and efficiency of the proposed synchronization approach is assessed using a simulation as well as an analytical study. The analysis encompassed security tools such as histogram analysis, correlation test, and information entropy change the rate of the number of pixels and unified average changing intensity. The obtained results confirmed the robustness and fast convergence rate of the proposed synchronization approach. The security analysis also shows that the proposed cryptosystem displays acceptable levels of resistance to various attacks.


Migration creates changes in household structure that affect financial decision making, in large part by exacerbating information asymmetries between migrants and families left behind. Migrants may currently remit less than they would if they were better able to control the uses of remittances. This research uses a randomized field experiment to investigate the importance of migrant control over the use of remittances. In partnership with a large Salvadoran bank, we offer US-based migrants from El Salvador the opportunity to channel remittances into savings accounts in their home country. Migrants are randomly allocated varying amounts of control over El Salvador-based savings. Initial results indicate that migrant demand for these accounts is higher when they have greater control over them: when offered, 37.6% of migrants open a savings account if they have the option of joint or exclusive ownership of the account, compared to only 20.1% when the offered account can be in the remittance recipient's name only. The effect of offering joint or exclusive ownership of accounts on take-up is larger among migrants who have recently arrived in the U.S., and who expressed stronger preferences that remittances be saved.


This paper describes the isolation of a napus endophyte and the properties such as solubility and stability of the pigment produced by the endophyte. A bacteria producing yellow-green pigments is isolated from the roots, branches and leaves of the rape via conventional surface disinfection method. This endophyte identified preliminary is a Pseudomonas fluorescens. The endophyte can grow well on PDA culture medium and produce pigment. Its pigment has the maximum absorption at 395nm, and it can be well dissolved in the larger polar solvents such as water, methanol, alcohol and acetone. The pigment is extracted with acetone in this experiment. Study on the stability of the pigment, pH has a greater impact on it but the temperature and the Ultraviolet not. K+,Na+, Ca2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+ are less of an impact while Fe3+, Ba2+ and Zn2+ have larger effects on it. It is worth further study as a kind of natural pigments resources.


The present study evaluated raw milk samples from dairy farms and urban areas in Lahore District, Pakistan, for the measurement of chemical composition, presence of adulterants, total microbial, and heavy metals loads. Measurements of chemical composition and physicochemical properties of the raw milk samples collected from urban areas showed the following mean values of 2.76 ± 0.29, 2.62 ± 0.18, 1.27 ± 0.08, 7.13 ± 0.30, 6.46 ± 0.26, and 0.47 ± 0.02 for lactose, fat, protein, total solids, pH, and ash, respectively, while milk samples collected from dairy farms achieved the mean values of 4.82 ± 0.32, 5.02 ± 0.39, 3.36 ± 0.18, 13.19 ± 0.66, 6.67 ± 0.27, and 0.75 ± 0.05 for lactose, fat, protein, total solids, pH, and ash, respectively. Mean values of total plate count were 5.21 ± 0.28 CFU/ml for urban areas raw milk samples and 4.67 ± 0.27 CFU/ml for the dairy farm milk samples. Heavy metal mean concentrations for Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in urban areas milk samples from milk shop were 0.024 ± 0.005, 0.021 ± 0.006, 1.22 ± 0.25, 2.42 ± 0.57, and 0.044 ± 0.006 ppm, respectively. Conclusively, strategies should be adopted in order to prevent the heavy metal contamination in milk to further minimizes the health risks associated with heavy metal consumption.


Atmospheric aerosol particles play an important role in climate change by scattering and absorbing solar radiation. To quantify the direct influence of aerosols on the atmospheric radi - ation balance, a detailed understanding of the complex refractive index (RI) for a variety of aerosols is required. The wavelength dependence of the RI values for secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) generated during the ozonolysis and photooxidation of α -pinene, which is a major biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC), was investigated using a photoacoustic soot spectrometer (PASS) and a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS). The real part of the RI values for SOAs generated from both ozonolysis and photooxidation was found to lie between 1.4 and 1.5 at 405, 532, and 781 nm, and to slightly increase with decreasing wavelength. Additionally, the imaginary part of the RI values for these SOAs was found to be negligible (< 0.003) at all of the wavelengths studied (405, 532, and 781 nm). The obtained complex RI values were also compared with values reported in the literature and the chemical properties of the SOAs, which were measured using a high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (H-ToF- AMS). gas during the measurements. Two experi- mental runs (runs A1 and A2) were carried out for the ozonolysis of α -pinene with different initial O 3 concentrations ([O 3 ] ini ), while one experimental run (run B1) was completed for the photooxidation of α -pinene. All of the experiments were conducted at room temperature (298 ± 3 K) under dry ([H ppmv) conditions.


Understanding and estimating the material behavior of sandstones is an important consideration from the viewpoint of conservation and the natural stone industry. This study utilizes different sandstone types for developing constraints on the material behavior, especially in regards to weathering. Approximately 300 samples from historical and presently mined sandstones in Germany and ones described worldwide are used for a comprehensive statistical analysis of their petrographical and petrophysical properties. Particular attention was paid to the mineralogical composition and fabric characteristics (e.g. maturity, degree of alteration, grain contact, type of cement and intergranular volume). The statistical analyses tested for normal distributions and calculated the linear regression of the basic petrophysical parameters of density, porosity, water uptake as well as the strength. Weathering behavior like hygric swelling and salt loading tests were also done. Identifying similarities between sandstones and defining specific groups of sandstone types was done by principle component and cluster analyses. The statistical results clearly confirm an interaction between composition, depositional environment and diagenesis, which leads to a particular material behavior in the sandstones. Of importance are the pore space characteristics, since strength, water uptake and storage show a linear relationship to these parameters. Within these correlations, confidence regions of different composition and stratigraphcial association are clearly recognizable. Three different pore size distributions were identified, whereby each particular group shows distinct dependencies to water uptake, strength, salt loading and hygric dilatation. Most of the sandstones containing swellable clay minerals show a maximum of capillaryand micropores with a distinct hygric swelling. Some sandstones exhibit high dilatation even when no swellable clay minerals are present. The strength of sandstones results from the interaction between grain contacts, compaction, intergranular volume, porosity and degree of alteration. Four different sandstone types and their associated materialand weathering behavior are definable from the results of the confidence regions and component analysis and can be used to predict the construction suitability.


In the paper,the basic concepts of pesticide penetration biology and its guide meaning to insect resistance bioassay were set out.The background of pesticide penetration biology and its relationship with the field toxicology were discussed.Then the main problems present in the insect resistance bioassay and the main reasons were analyzed,and the principles of the application of pesticide penetration biology for pesticide resistance bioassay were put forward.


A fan-shaped gate was used for feeing in the injection mold with two cavities for kitchenware fitting,enhancing uniformity of material feeding and reducing internal stress of the plastic parts.The ejection mechanism used pin ejector to pull the plastic parts out with move slanting slide simultaneously leaving circular arc concave position.The ejection mechanism is simple and practical.


Abstract : This is a bibliography of bibliographies of solar system science. It covers the period 1961 to the present. (Author)


Mitochondria plays a major role in cell energy metabolism,therefore,mitochondrial dysfunction inevitably participates in the development and progress of liver diseases.Assessment of liver mitochondrial function in vivo could provide insight into specific liver function and the pathogenesis of liver diseases,and will be a helpful tool for establishing diagnosis,assessing therapeutic response and predicting prognosis.~(I3)C breath test with the advantages of noninvasion,high accuracv and real-time measurement,could be used for the assessment of liver mitochondrial function in vivo.This article reviewed the ~(13)C breath test as a noninvasive method for the assessing of liver mitochondrial function.


The Association for High Speed Photography and Photonics (AHSPP) held its Millennium Conference in Cambridge at The Moeller Centre, Churchill College, on 8-10 November 2000. As usual the programme included an interesting mixture of theoretical, practical and sales-oriented papers. An extra flavour this year was imparted by the presence of a group frqm the Scandinavian Association for High Speed Photography. More than 60 people attended, including 20 from outside the United Kingdom. The conference was opened by Peter Fuller, chairman of the AHSPP, who welcomed all delegates including the Swedish visitors. This was followed by an address by Per-Ake Karlsson, Chairman and founder member of the Scandinavian Association for High Speed Photography, who described the origins of 'The Swedish Society for High Speed Photography' in 1976. The Society grew to a peak of 100 members in 1989 and nowadays arranges conferences that have a typical attendance figure of 35 to 50 members. Guest speaker on the first day was Jorgen Lexander who gave a retrospective view of the early design and production of high-speed cameras in Sweden. In the period following the Second World War the Swedish National Defence Research Institute (FOP) developed a number of high-speed cameras and photographic instrumentation. Some of these designs were later manufactured on a commercial basis and a couple of optomechanical cameras are still used today, some 40 to 50 years after the prototypes were built! Dr Graham Smith from A WE Aldermaston described a new approach to ultra-high-speed framing cameras. Conventional cameras either use multiple image intensifiers and CCD detector arrays aligned on a common axis or a single photocathode and a means of deflecting the resultant 'electron image' to different areas of a phosphor screen, which is then recorded by a conventional CCD camera. In the new approach, a novel design of image intensifier, fabri-


Food allergies are commonly perceived clinical problems. Up to 30% of the general population believes they may have a food allergy, which is much higher than the actual prevalence. Food allergies affect between 4% and 8% of young children and 1% and 2% of adults. The major foods causing clinical hypersensitivities include cow milk, wheat, egg, soy, peanut, tree nuts, and seafood. Although any food has potential to cause anaphylaxis, severe life-threatening allergic reactions are commonly associated with peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish. Allergic reaction to food is identified as a leading identifiable cause of anaphylaxis in the emergency room. Per the US Peanut and Tree Nut Allergy Registry, peanuts and tree nuts accounted for more than 90% of fatalities because of food-induced anaphylactic reactions. Peanut and tree nut reactions tend to present very early in life, and they usually do not resolve. They account for a majority of severe reactions and are often elicited with only a trace amount of proteins. The food anaphylaxis fatality registry in the United States implicated peanuts as the cause of death because of anaphylaxis in 59% of 63 individuals with fatal reactions. Peanut allergy has impacted the educational system requiring lunch menu restrictions at school, with the food industry requiring changes in food labeling. But, more importantly, it severely affects the quality of life of the families with peanut-sensitive children. Most families unfortunately live in a "constant state of fear" worrying about the occurrence of reactions. Prevalence


The authors describe some techniques for boosting the accuracy of a 100000-word Japanese speech recognition system. They review the structure and performance of the system and introduce two methods for improving the recognition accuracy. One method involves the selection of the training word set, and the other involves the number of word candidates selected by the preselection method. A method for reducing the amount of computation is also proposed. The performance of the improved system is evaluated. The top-20 recognition error rate was 1.5% for 10000 test utterances of five females and five males. The improved system could reduce top-20 recognition errors by 75% without a significant increase in computation.<<ETX>>


Contributors Preface. 1. Injection Molding (Peter F. Grelle) 2. Assisted Injection Molding (Steve Ham) 3. Sheet Extrusion (Dana R. Hanson) 4. Thermoforming (Scott Macdonald) 5. Blow Molding (Norman C. Lee) 6. Rotational Molding (Paul Nugent) 7. Compression and Transfer Molding (John L. Hull) 8. Composite Processes (Dale A. Grove) 9. Liquid Resin Processes (John L. Hull and Steven J. Adamson) 10. Assembly (Edward M. Petrie). 11. Decorating and Finishing (Edward M. Petrie and John L. Hull). 12. Polymer Nanocomposite Processing (Nandika Anne D'Souza, Jo Ann Ratto, Ajit Ranade, Will Strauss and Laxmi Sahu). Index.


One key characteristic of big data is variety. With massive and growing amounts of data
existing in independent and heterogeneous (structured and unstructured) sources, assigning consistent
and interoperable data semantics, which is essential for meaningful use of data, is an increasingly
important challenge. I argue, conceptual models, in contrast to their traditional roles in
the Information System development, can be used to represent data semantics as perceived by the
user of data. In this thesis, I use principles from philosophical ontology, human cognition (i.e.,
classification theory), and graph theory to offer a theory-based conceptual modeling grammar for
this purpose. This grammar reflects data from users of data perspective and independent from data
source schema. I formally define the concept of attribute lattice as a graph-based, schema-free
conceptual modeling grammar that represents attributes of instances in the domain of interest and
precedence relations among them. Each node in an attribute lattice represents an attribute - a true
statement (predicate) about some instances in the domain. Each directed arc represents a precedence
relation indicating that possessing one attribute implies possessing another attribute.
In this thesis, based on the premise that inherent classification is a barrier that hinders semantic
interoperation of heterogeneous data sources, a human cognition based conceptual modeling
grammar is introduced as an effective way to resolve semantic heterogeneity. This grammar
represents the precedence relationship among attributes as perceived by human user and provides
a mechanism to infer classes based on the pattern of precedences. Hence, a key contribution of
attribute lattice is semantic relativism – that is, the classification in this grammar relies on the pattern of precedence relationship among attributes rather than fixed classes. This modeling grammar
uses the immediate and semantic neighbourhoods of an attribute to designate an attribute as
either a category, a class or a property and to specify the expansion of an attribute – attributes
which are semantically equal to the given attribute. The introduced conceptual modeling grammar
is implemented as an artifact to store and manage attribute lattices, to graphically represent them,
and integrate lattices from various heterogeneous sources.
With the ever-increasing amount of unstructured data (mostly text data) from various data
sources such as social media, integrating text data with other data sources has gained considerable
attention. This massive amount of data, however, makes finding the data relevant to a topic of
interest a new challenge. I argue that the attribute lattice provides a robust semantic foundation to
address this information retrieval challenge from unstructured data sources. Hence, a topic modeling
approach based on the attribute lattice is proposed for Twitter. This topic model conceptualizes
topic structure of tweets related to the domain of interest and enhances information retrieval
by improving the semantic interpretability of hashtags.


Given a singular Borel regular measure ma on Rn and a Borel subset E of Rn, it is shown that the set of vectors x for which ma((E + x) n E) > 0 is of Lebesgue measure 0. This fact is then used to show that subsets of finite, nonzero, Hausdorff s-measure are nonmeasurable sets with respect to any approximating measure s-mr . Given a set E c Rn, let E + x denote the translation of E by the vector x; that is, E + x = {y: there is t E E and y = t + x} . If ma is a measure on Rn, let TE(ma) = {x: ma(E n (E + x)) > O}. Let m(A) denote the ndimensional Lebesgue measure of A. Theorem 1 shows that m(TE(ma)) = 0 when ma is a singular, a-finite, Borel regular measure on Rn and E c Rn is a Borel set. A specific application of and motivation for the result is Theorem 2, which shows that, for s 0, every s-measurable set with nonzero, finite measure (such sets are called s-sets) is a nonmeasurable set with respect to s-mrn. Here, the outer measures s-ms and s-m* are given by s-ms (E) = infE diam(Ei)s where the infimum is over all sequences {Ei} with E c U Ei and each diam(Ei) < d; s-m*(E) = lima 0+ s-m*(E). Of course, all Borel sets are s-measurable, and, if s-m(E) = 0, then each s-m3(E) = 0 and E is measurable with respect to s-mrn. Given a set E c Rn, Ec will denote the complement of E with respect to Rn. Also, CE(X) will denote the characteristic function of E; that is, CE(X) = 1 if x E E, and CE(X) = 0 if x E EC. The symbol f will denote the integral over all of Rn . Theorem 1. Let ma be a singular, a-finite, Borel regular measure on Rn. Let A be a Borel set with m(A) = 0 so that ma(AC) = 0. Then m(TA(ma)) = 0, and thus, for any Borel set E, m(TE(ma)) = 0. Proof. For x E Rn, define f(x) = ma(A n (A + x)) where A is the Borel set with m(A) = 0 and ma(AC) = 0. Since A is a Borel set, so is A + x; thus, CA (t) CA (t + x) = g(X, t) is a measurable function with respect to the product Received by the editors July 23, 1992 and, in revised form, October 28, 1992; presented at the Summer Symposium on Real Analysis, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, August 13-15, 1992. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 28A78; Secondary 26A21, 28A05.


This paper considers the joint optimization of computation offloading, service caching, and resource allocation in the Digital Twin Edge Network (DTEN), and formulates the problem as Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP), whose goal is to minimize the long-term energy consumption of the system. To solve the optimization problem, a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) based algorithm is proposed for determining the strategies of computation offloading, service caching, and resource allocation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DDPG based algorithm can reduce the long-term energy consumption of the system greatly, and outperform other benchmark algorithms under different scenarios.


Review(s) of: What Counts as Credible Evidence in Applied Research and Evaluation Practice?, edited by Stewart I Donaldson, Christina A Christie and Melvin M Mark. Sage, Los Angeles, 2009. 265 pages, paperback.ISBN: 978-1-4129-5707-6


Multiple citizenship has in recent decades moved from an unwanted phenomenon in international relations to a fairly common transnational status. Multiple citizenship has nevertheless so far been studied mainly as a political and juridical status by comparing national legislations. Much less notice has been given to actual dual citizens' citizen participation and construction of citizens' identities. Only when citizenship is studied as these kinds of practices do the hypothetic possibilities and problems associated with the status get their meanings and contents. This paper concentrates on examining dual citizens' identifications to their respective citizenships and how these affiliations transfer into possible citizen participation. Results are based on extensive analysis of survey (n = 335) and interviews (n = 48) carried out among dual citizens living in Finland. Contents and forms of dual citizens' national identification and citizen participation were reviewed through ideal types: resident-mononationals, expatriate-mononationals, hyphenationals, and shadow-nationals.


Scientific and accurate prediction of river runoff is important for river flood control and sustainable use of water resources. This study evaluates the ability of a Nonlinear Auto Regressive model (NAR) in predicting runoff volume. Using the Cuntan Hydrological Station in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, the model was established based on the runoff characteristics from 1951 to 2020 and tested by NAR. To improve the prediction efficiency, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) preprocessing technique is used to decompose the data. The results show that the coupled CEEMDAN-NAR model has better predictive ability than the single model, with a coupled model deterministic coefficient (DC) of 0.93 and a prediction accuracy of Class A.


For many years, Liapunov's direct method has been the primary technique for studying various stability also known as 'Liapunov stability' of functional differential equations. Recently, it has been noticed that some difficulties can arise when Liapunov's method is applied to certain equations, and that a suitable fixed point theorem can overcome some of these difficulties. In this paper we study a particular stability which differs from the Liapunov stability. In particular, we study the existence of asymptotically stable solutions of a system of nonlinear Volterra integral equations. We employ a fixed point theorem due to Krasnosel'skii in the analysis. AMS Subject Classification: 47H10 Received: June 13, 2017 ; Accepted: October 31, 2018 ; Published: November 13, 2018. doi: 10.12732/caa.v22i4.8 Dynamic Publishers, Inc., Acad. Publishers, Ltd. http://www.acadsol.eu/caa 612 M.N. ISLAM AND J.T. NEUGEBAUER


This book is a unique account of the socio-political evolution of early modern Europe and the rise of the nation-state as the dominant form of government. From Scotland and Spain to Russia and the Ottoman Empire, Professor Kiernan examines the social, economic and religious conflicts which contributed to the evolution from medieval to modern societies and replaced feudalism with an absolutist order.


Authors Dr Rajendra Prasad, Dr Snigda Panuganti, Dr Balu Banoth, Dr Alla Krishnakar Reddy Department of General Medicine SVS Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India Abstract Few studies report an increased incidence of mitral valve prolapse in patients with type 1 DM, and a benign primary cardiac tumor like Papillary fibroelastoma, has potentially life-threatening complications. We report a patient with an initial diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis, his Echocardiography showed a pedunculated mass attached to the roof of right atrium with anterior mitral leaflet prolapse, mild MR, mild LV dysfunction and minimal pericardial effusion . This patient was treated for DKA ,sugars corrected and advised treatment with insulin and advised regular follow up to monitor and prevent complications


Geometric intersection algorithms are fundamental in spatial analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS). Applying high performance computing to perform geometric intersection on huge amount of spatial data to get real-time results is necessary. Given two input geometries (polygon or polyline) of a candidate pair, we introduce a new two-step geospatial filter that first creates sketches of the geometries and uses it to detect workload and then refines the sketches by the common areas of sketches to decrease the overall computations in the refine phase. We call this filter PolySketch-based CMBR (PSCMBR) filter. We show the application of this filter in speeding-up line segment intersections (LSI) reporting task that is a basic computation in a variety of geospatial applications like polygon overlay and spatial join. We also developed a parallel PolySketch-based PNP filter to perform PNP tests on GPU which reduces computational workload in PNP tests. Finally, we integrated these new filters to the hierarchical filter and refinement (HiFiRe) system to solve geometric intersection problem. We have implemented the new filter and refine system on GPU using CUDA. The new filters introduced in this paper reduce more computational workload when compared to existing filters. As a result, we get on average 7.96X speedup compared to our prior version of HiFiRe system.


ABSTRACTThis research was primarily aimed at deciphering: (1) whether comic strips is more effective than picture series in teaching writing to the seventh grade students of MTsN Tanjungtani, Prambon, Nganjuk in the academic year of 2014/2015; (2) whether the seventh grade students of MTsN Tanjungtani, Prambon, Nganjuk in the academic year of 2014/2015 with high level of intelligence have better writing skill than those with low level of intelligence; and (3) whether there is an interaction between media and students' intelligence in teaching writing for the seventh grade students of MTsN Tanjungtani Prambon, Nganjuk in the academic year of 2014/2015.The research was conducted at MTsN Tanjungtani, Prambon, Nganjuk, East Java started in April 2014 to May 2015. The research method was experimental method. The subjects of the research were the seventh grade students. There were two classes taken in this research, one as the experimental class and the another one as the control class. Each class consisted of 30 students. The experimental class was taught using comic strips and the constrol class was taught using picture series. The data were obtained by conducting a test after providing eigth meetings as the treatment for each class. The researcher analyzed the data using ANOVA and Tukey test.Based on the data analysis, the research findings are: (1) The comic strips are more effective thank picture series to teach writing for th eseventh grade students of junior high school; (2) The writing skill of the students having high intelligence is better than those who have low intelligence; and (3) There is no interaction between teaching media and intelligence.The result of this research implies that: (1) The use of comic strips can encourage the teacher to develop their creativity to improve the quality of teaching and learning process in using the various kinds of teaching media; (2) The students have to be more active in teaching learning process in order to improve their writing skill; and (3) the future researcher can develop some dimension which have not been developed in this research.Keywords: Experimental research; Comic Strips; Picture Series; Intelligence


This article considers the development of the UK Cultural Olympiad supporting London's successful bid to stage the Olympic Games in 2012. It suggests that the Cultural Olympiad is a complex event itself and needs to be better understood if any impacts are to be felt in a meaningful sense. The event is thus considered through review of over 50 documents relating to its management, in the context of a number of identified themes: cultural development, developing institutional frameworks, social benefit, educational benefit and promotional benefit.


DES PARALYSIES DANS LES MALADIES AIGUES. Par le DR. Louis LANDOUZY. Paris: J. B. Bailliere et Fils. i88o. THE PARALYSES OF ACUTE DISEASES. By DR. L. LANDOUZY. London: Bailliere, Tindall, and Co. i88o. THIS work commences with two diffuse and pointless chapters on the limitation and history of the subject-chapters, we are glad to say, forming a marked contrast to the body of the work. A book on such a subject as this must necessarily be very largely a compilation ; and, such being the case, Dr. LANDOUZY has wisely, we think, chosen to make his work extensively clinical-culling from French, German, and English authors good illustrative cases, which are given in full detail. Even as a record of clinical cases, illustrating a particular class of diseases, this work has a very considerable value, more especially as full references are given with each case to the original source, and a complete bibliography furnished at the close of the volume. In addition to this, however, these cases are connected by well-digested remarks on their etiological, clinical, and therapeutic bearings; and the closing third of the space is devoted to the pathological anatomy and physiology of the acute diseases, in relation to the paralyses occurring as their accompaniments or sequences. A considerable portion of the work is occupied naturally with the clinical account of the paralyses occurring in diphtheria. Among others, several interesting cases are recorded, showing the want of concomitance between the severity of the primary disease and the occurrence of paralysis. A small patch of false membrane on the tonsil, an overlooked nasal diphtheria, a cutaneous diphtheria affecting a small wound or abrasion, may quite as readily produce paralysis as an extensive diphtheria involving pharynx, larynx, and trachea. He also shows how the period at which the paralysis appears affects its character and course. The average period is ten to fifteen days from the apparent recovery; and, if delayed beyond this date, the paralysis will, as a general rule, be more sudden and more general. His cases, illustrating affection of the heart and respiratory muscles in diphtheria, are also of much practical and therapeutic interest. The paralyses occurring in typhoid fever, in intermittent fever, and in small-pox, are fully treated, in addition to others of less common occurrence. The author makes full use of the classical work of Trousseau, and also of the modern results of Charcot, Vulpian, Westphal, and others; and the differential diagnosis and clinical features of these various paralyses are clearly stated and fully illustrated. In the part devoted to pathology, we have an account of the muscular lesions in acute diseases, and a full digest of our present knowledge as to the pathological anatomy of the spinal cord and cerebral centres in the paralyses of acute diseases. A more special account is given of the pathology of diphtheritic paralysis ; and a section is devoted to the condition of the central nervous system in hyperpyrexia, discussing the nature of the lesion which produces the pale rose tint of the grey matter, so constantly observed after prolonged hyperpyrexia. The last chapter gives a few general observations on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.