Publisher Summary This chapter describes many flavor ingredients and combinations for masking agents. There is no single ingredient capable of fixing all flavor issues. Rather, the solution to masking undesirable flavor notes in food and beverage systems relies on the right combination of different agents. Masking agents work in different ways depending upon what they are masking and the food application. Most commercial masking agents are complex mixes of modifiers, inhibitors, and enhancers that cover an undesirable flavor characteristic by providing other sensations (taste modifying) or by competing with specific receptor sites (taste suppressing), or accentuating other flavors (taste enhancers). Masking tastes is embedded in our culture: for instance, sugar has been used for centuries to mask any bitterness or sourness. When drinking a cup of coffee, it is a common practice to add some sugar to reduce the bitter taste. Most fat-free salad dressings were particularly sweet because the oil in traditional salad dressings mellows the acidity of vinegar; however, when the oil was removed, the formulators often disguised the acidity with sugar. Because masking agents are often a blend of ingredients, how they work can be explained by understanding some of the taste phenomena in which they may be involved. These include, but are not limited to, adaptation, cross-adaptation, taste blocking, and taste modifying.


The cytokine TGFβ provides important information during embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. Alterations in the cellular response to TGFβ are involved in severe human diseases. To understand how cells encode the extracellular input and transmit its information to elicit appropriate responses, we acquired quantitative time‐resolved measurements of pathway activation at the single‐cell level. We established dynamic time warping to quantitatively compare signaling dynamics of thousands of individual cells and described heterogeneous single‐cell responses by mathematical modeling. Our combined experimental and theoretical study revealed that the response to a given dose of TGFβ is determined cell specifically by the levels of defined signaling proteins. This heterogeneity in signaling protein expression leads to decomposition of cells into classes with qualitatively distinct signaling dynamics and phenotypic outcome. Negative feedback regulators promote heterogeneous signaling, as a SMAD7 knock‐out specifically affected the signal duration in a subpopulation of cells. Taken together, we propose a quantitative framework that allows predicting and testing sources of cellular signaling heterogeneity.


Since I am talking about the genre conventions of narrative in closing arguments, it seems appropriate to begin with a story of my own, from when I was a student of creative writing in a graduate program in the Midwest many years ago. It is a little long-winded, and initially may seem peripheral to my analysis of Spence's closing argument in Silkwood, so I hope you'll bear with me. It was the early 1970s, and it was an exciting time for me. I did not take full advantage of it. I was young, the time seemed endless and, candidly, I was more interested then with being and becoming a writer as an identity rather than with the process of storytelling itself. Nevertheless, I loved the talk about storytelling and the stories themselves. For all of my naive preconceptions about "art" it struck me that all of my successful and well-published teachers were shrewd craftspeople and self-promoters. There was the perpetual buzz about the marketplace, and a deep awareness of the reading preferences and predilections of the popular audience. Also, there was a shared awareness that stories are fragile shapes, that product of dangerous and precipitous high wire acts with language, and the stories that ultimately "sell" to a large audience are the product of an historical moment captured and packaged and re-transmitted in a way that attempts to draw readers into a shared space, in addition to being the exclusive.


The five reforms of administrative management system implemented in China are all initiated from inside the system and these top-down reforms have achieved little success so far.An outer force is needed to ensure that this reform be successful.This outer force is performance evaluation.The paper analyses the practical significance, function and prospects of performance evaluation in the reform of China's administrative management system.


The nervous systems of animals exhibit complex recurrent topologies. These networks often show key properties like small-worldness and clustering, forming a complex hierarchical topology that is very different from many standard random graphs. Current machine learning techniques are dominated by feed-forward networks without recurrent connectivity, or specialized architectures for gated recurrent connectivity (such as Long-Short Term Memory Networks). Reservoir computing networks, such as echo state networks, represent an exciting alternative form of recurrent networks, which require limited training data compared to other recurrent networks. Echo state networks, however, typically use randomized network topologies. We introduce a novel reservoir computing network, with a hierarchical network structure inspired by organization of biological networks, utilizing hierarchical stochastic block models. We demonstrate the use of this network for predicting dynamic system evolution, and we compare this network to existing echo state network topologies. We find that the best performing networks utilize our new topology, and, for Mackey-Glass system prediction as well as MNIST classification, the overall distribution of solutions is improved. For the Mackey-Glass system, the median population NRMSE improved from 0.856 to 0.08, and for MNIST the median population accuracy increased from 92.5% to 96.8%. This may be preliminary indication of improving network function through changing network topology. The spectral radii of the produced HSBM topologies do not always obey the echo state property, and we show that both the spectral radius as well as common graph metrics do not predict the best performing networks. This argues for further investigation into the structural properties of high performing networks utilizing reservoir computing.


The 2018 Italian Parliamentary elections were marked by the success of populist parties. With the consolidation of hybrid media, campaigning on Twitter became an increasingly important communication channel for party leaders. An analysis of Twitter communications from 1 February 2018 to 4 March 2018 (day of the elections) reveals that Matteo Salvini and Matteo Renzi dominated the election campaign in the Twittersphere. Other party leaders did not use Twitter as skilfully as these two politicians and their engagement indicators are lower than those of Salvini and Renzi. The internal communicational dynamic between the party leaders shows that their main target was Matteo Renzi. Even though he had the most followers within this period and, overall, his communication indicators were good, in the end his party suffered a historical loss at the elections.


This paper examines the effectiveness of hedge fund activism in preventing corporate policy deviations. Whereas previous studies focus on policy changes in target firms after intervention, I examine proactive policy changes in all firms that face a threat of intervention. Using mutual fund fire sales as an instrument, I find that an increase in intervention likelihood leads to increases in shareholder distribution as well as decreases in CEO pay, cash, and investments. Given the reduction in managerial rent seeking, cash hoarding and empire building behaviors, it is unsurprising that operating performance as measured by ROA also improves significantly. The relationships are causal, significant, and robust to a variety of alternative model specifications and sample divisions. The results suggest the existence of a preventive effect of hedge fund activism as well as a stronger and broader impact of hedge fund activism on corporate policy than previously documented.


At logging and at the subsequent wood and wood semi-products treatment the fine grained loose waste is arising, e.g. wood dust, saw dust, shavings, chips, bark etc. One of possibilities of its meaningful utilization is the briquetting technology, which product are briquettes determined for energetic utilization (combustion). This report contains the results of tests carried out with the aim to assess the influence of moisture on the briquettes final properties. For the tests the platan tree chips of four moisture levels, namely 5.7 %, 7.7 %, 15.7 % and 23.9 % were used. The basic physical-mechanical properties were the evaluation criteria. Following properties were determined: ash amount, gross calorific value, total moisture content, density, rupture force, length, diameter, weight and mechanical durability. From the results of carried out tests it follows that the best properties were reached at briquettes made from chips of moisture 7.7 %. At higher or lower moisture the briquettes properties were sharply failing (namely rupture force and density).


Following the failure of 44 Progress (44P) on launch in August 2011, and the subsequent grounding of all Russian Soyuz rocket based launches, the International Space Station (ISS) ground teams engaged in an effort to determine how long the ISS could remain crewed, what would be required to safely configure the ISS for decrewing, and what would be required to recrew the ISS upon resumption of Soyuz rocket launches if decrewing became necessary. This White Paper was written to capture the processes and lessons learned from real-time time events and to provide a reference and training document for ISS Program teams in the event decrewing of the ISS is needed. Through coordination meetings and assessments, teams identified six decrewing priorities for ground and crew operations. These priorities were integrated along with preflight priorities through the Increment re-planning process. Additionally, the teams reviewed, updated, and implemented changes to the governing documentation for the configuration of the ISS for a contingency decrewing event. Steps were taken to identify critical items for disposal prior to decrewing, as well as identifying the required items to be strategically staged or flown with the astronauts and cosmonauts who would eventually recrew the ISS. After the successful launches and dockings of both 45P and 28 Soyuz (28S), the decrewing team transitioned to finalizing and publishing the documentation for standardizing the decrewing flight rules. With the continued launching of crews and cargo to the ISS, utilization and science is again a high priority; both Increment pairs 29 and 30, and Increment 31 and 32 reaching the milestone of at least 35 hours per week average utilization.


There is a pressing need to understand how changing climate interacts with land‐use change to affect predator–prey interactions in fragmented landscapes. This is particularly true in boreal ecosystems facing fast climate change and intensification in forestry practices. Here, we investigated the relative influence of autumn climate and habitat quality on the food‐storing behaviour of a generalist predator, the pygmy owl, using a unique data set of 15 850 prey items recorded in western Finland over 12 years. Our results highlighted strong effects of autumn climate (number of days with rainfall and with temperature <0 °C) on food‐store composition. Increasing frequency of days with precipitation in autumn triggered a decrease in (i) total prey biomass stored, (ii) the number of bank voles (main prey) stored, and (iii) the scaled mass index of pygmy owls. Increasing proportions of old spruce forests strengthened the functional response of owls to variations in vole abundance and were more prone to switch from main prey to alternative prey (passerine birds) depending on local climate conditions. High‐quality habitat may allow pygmy owls to buffer negative effects of inclement weather and cyclic variation in vole abundance. Additionally, our results evidenced sex‐specific trends in body condition, as the scaled mass index of smaller males increased while the scaled mass index of larger females decreased over the study period, probably due to sex‐specific foraging strategies and energy requirements. Long‐term temporal stability in local vole abundance refutes the hypothesis of climate‐driven change in vole abundance and suggests that rainier autumns could reduce the vulnerability of small mammals to predation by pygmy owls. As small rodents are key prey species for many predators in northern ecosystems, our findings raise concern about the impact of global change on boreal food webs through changes in main prey vulnerability.


Sinclair and Leach's recent practice pointer perpetuates false but common myths about the risk assessment of suicide.1 The authors dismiss the findings of a recent meta-analysis of controlled studies, which concluded that risk assessment provides "false reassurance and is, therefore, …


Binaural clicks (intensities: 56, 66, 76, and 86 dB hearing level) were presented in randomized order by headphones. Response to the first 20 clicks was not considered. 150 stimuli per intensity were presented with an ISI of 1 sec, and averaged separately. Potentials were recorded from CZ, C3, and C4 referenced to linked mastoid electrodes with cutoff frequencies of 1 and 40 Hz. Trials with amplitudes exceeding 100 ~V were rejected. Latencies and trough-to-peak amplitude of components NI and P2 were measured by a cursor spot program. The 15 minutes recordings were per· formed with open eyes in a darkened room.


The growth of Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa, was studied in soils collected from Khan Towel, Tanveer Garment, One Tech Rubber and One Tech Ply Board factories in the vicinity of Korangi and Landhi industrial areas. A numbers of growth parameters were higher in almost all of the industrial locations soils mainly of One Tech Ply Board factory soil, Tanveer Garment, Khan Towel and One Tech Rubber factory soils, respectively as compared to Karachi University soil. One Tech Ply Board factory soil fairly increased several growth properties like plant height, number of leaves, plant cover, shoot length, leaf area, root, shoot, leaf and total plant dry weights, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio whereas root, seedling length and root/shoot ratio were substantially enhanced in the treatment of Tanveer Garment factory soil. One Tech Rubber and Khan Towel factories soils raised a large number of growth parameters such as plant height, leaves number, plant cover, root, shoot and seedling length, leaf area, root, shoot, leaf and total plant dry weights, root/shoot ratio and specific leaf area as compared to University soil.


By gradually varying the bias voltage between the gold tip and the gold sample, it is observed with the scanning tunneling microscope that large bias voltages may induce atoms to diffuse on the gold tip and ofter result in an increasing of the tip length. We also observed the field emission and resonant tunneling phenomena. A mechanism based on the polarization of the tip is proposed for the field-induced atomic diffusion. Such field induced diffusion is believed to be responsible for surface modification with large bias voltage pulses.


A single oral dose of clonidine - HC1 (0.15 mg/m2) administered to 26 healthy subjects (17 M and 9 F) aged 6 - 17 years induced a marked and consistent increase in plasma hGH from 4.9 ± 1.3 ng/ml (m±SEM) to 34.6 ± 4.5. These values were higher than those registered during insulin (0.1 U/kg i.v.) hypoglycemia in 5 of these children (12.2 ± 1.7 ng/ml). No false negative responses were observed. In 7 proven hGH deficient patients no change of the low basal hGH levels was found. Plasma insulin and cortisol levels decreased in both healthy and hypopituitary children. by 50% from baseline. No significant change in blood glucose, hPrl, LH, FSH and TSH was found. Blood pressure decreased by 20 ± 2 mm Hg (m±SEM) in the healthy subjects and 25 ± 4 mm Hg in the hGH deficient patients. Drowsiness was the only noted side effect. Clonidine probably enhances hGH and inhibits insulin secretion via an α adrenergic stimulation. It is concluded that administration of oral clonidine is a simple potent and reliable hGH provocative test.Z. Laron - Established Investigator of the Chief Scientist's Bureau Ministry of Health.


The pathophysiological basis of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unclear but systemic inflammatory response is thought to be important. In patients with ACLF, the molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) improves individual organ function, but the effect of MARS on the proposed mediators of systemic inflammatory response is unclear. The present study was designed to determine the effect of MARS on the cytokine profile, oxidative stress, nitric oxide, and ammonia. A total of 18 patients with alcohol‐related ACLF due to inflammation‐related precipitants were randomized to receive standard medical therapy (SMT) alone, or with MARS therapy over 7 days. Plasma cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA), free radical production, nitrate / nitrite (NOx), and ammonia were measured. Encephalopathy improved significantly with MARS (P < .01), but not with SMT. Mean arterial pressure and renal function remained unchanged. No significant change of plasma cytokines and ammonia levels were observed in either group. Plasma MDA levels did not change either. There was a fall in NOx (P < .05) with MARS, but not with SMT. In conclusion, in inflammation‐related ACLF patients, albumin dialysis using MARS results in improvement of encephalopathy, independent of changes of ammonia or cytokines, without improving blood pressure or renal function. These results should temper the liberal use of MARS until further data is available. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:1109–1119.)


Explaining Foreign Policy: U.S. Decision-Making and the Persian Gulf War. By Steven A. Yetiv. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. 296p. $49.95 cloth, $19.95 paper. Steven A. Yetiv faces a daunting task in this case study of the 1990–91 Persian Gulf War: applying and reconciling multiple approaches to foreign policy analysis in a single volume. He also hopes to clarify the historical record regarding President George H. W. Bush's performance in the diplomatic and military clash. While this ambitious study advances our understanding in both respects, it demonstrates how much further the field of foreign policy analysis must still progress to see clearly within the "black box" of state decision making.


To solve the problem of low computational efficiency and energy efficiency in the general-purpose processor neural network, and low flexibility of the dedicated processor, a scalar plus vector processor is designed based on the RISC-V instruction set Structure. Through software and hardware co-design, a dedicated access instruction design is adopted for the algorithm structure of the neural network, and vector instructions are used to accelerate operations such as activation, pooling, and convolution. The extended instructions of the RISC-V processor are decoded in the processor decoding stage, and then the vector unit is called at the execution stage to accelerate the neural network. Experimental results show that the computing performance of the processor at 200MHz reaches 60.18 GOP/s, which is an increase of 417.91% compared to the processor, and the energy consumption ratio reaches the mainstream level of similar designs.


The 24th annual conference of the British Liquid Crystal Society (BLCS) was hosted by the University of Hull from 29–31 March 2010. The Department of Chemistry at the University of Hull became a hub for liquid crystalline synthesis and characterisation under the leadership of George Gray in the 1960s and this was the third occasion the department has hosted the conference. The meeting draws together chemists, physicists, engineers and mathematicians with a general interest in liquid crystals from across Britain, providing a conducive environment for the discussion of contemporary research themes and development of collaboration, while also presenting a good opportunity for old colleagues to reconnect. This year's meeting was attended by more than 80 delegates, with several guests from across Europe. A comprehensive scientific program was on offer, with an interesting variety of fundamental research of both scientific and technological interest. In the first session, Dr Tim Wilkinson from the University of Cambridge was invited to talk on his research into hybrid liquid crystal carbon nanotube (CNT) devices. Dr Wilkinson showed how an ordered array of multi-wall CNTs could be grown on a silicon surface and subsequently used to make one side of a liquid crystal device. Not only is the liquid crystal director field strongly perturbed by the presence of the CNTs, but also the CNTs conduct, acting as individual electrode sites. Thus the device generates novel electric field profiles, and the small pixel pitch possible may lead to applications such as threedimensional (3D) holography. In addition, we heard from Dr Avtar Matharu from the University of York on some of the alternative issues facing the liquid crystal industry, namely the recycling of waste products. Dr Matharu focused on how polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) could be extracted from waste polarisers and expanded to form an extremely porous material for potential applications, such as medical dressings. Ending the session, Rob Greasty from the University of Bristol talked about electric field-induced order in suspensions of nanoparticles observed by X-ray scattering. In the next scientific session Professor Goran Ungar from the University of Sheffield described his recent work using mesogenic units of unconventional shape to create complex structures with twodimensional (2D) and 3D periodicities. There was an informative discussion of the factors driving the formation of the unusual supramolecular structures seen in experiment. In addition, Carl Evans (Nottingham Trent University) spoke about sidewall control of multistable liquid crystal azimuthal alignment. The use of a grating-structured sidewall can provide azimuthal bistability and is equivalent to the zenithal bistable device (ZBD) technology turned on its side, presenting an interesting new perspective into the ZBD switching mechanisms. Dr Stephen Cowling (York University) also enlightened the audience with a discussion of the variation of end-groups in the optimisation of materials for use in ferroelectric displays. Professor Mark Wilson (University of Durham) attempted to shed some light through atomistic and coarse-grained models on the interesting effects surrounding chirality in bent core (BC) molecules. Despite being achiral, when BC molecules are doped into a cholesteric phase the chirality is enhanced. Professor Wilson's modelling showed that BC molecules are able to adopt highly chiral conformations and indicated that chirality could be transferred from the cholesteric phase to the achiral dopant BC molecules. The afternoon session began with the Ben Sturgeon plenary lecture, which was delivered by Professor Jose Luis Serrano from the University of Zaragoza. The lectureship is awarded in memory of Ben Sturgeon, who worked along with George Gray at BDH (now Merck) on some of the earliest liquid crystal materials to be used in displays. Professor Serrano gave a fascinating description of the use of supramolecular organisation in liquid crystals for multifunctional materials. Of particular interest to the author was the induction and control of chirality in columnar phases in hydrogen bonded V-shape complexes by irradiation with circularly polarised light. Following Professor Serrano, Fen Liu from the University of Sheffield demonstrated how grazing


Solar energy, individually, can provide all energy needs of the earth. Photovoltaic (PV) converters become better and better year by year from technical and economic viewpoints. Thus, they are going to provide a major portion of electrical energy, worldwide. PV panels may confront various anomalies in production stage or in operation. Therefore, these defects must be diagnosed in a timely manner. This paper proposes an equivalent circuit approach to detect abnormal behavior in PV panels. Any class of defects, affect one or more elements of AC equivalent circuit of a PV panel. Therefore, variations of those elements change frequency domain behavior of PV panels and can be detected visually.


Focused ultrasound enhanced intranasal drug delivery (IN+FUS) is a unique noninvasive approach that utilizes the olfactory pathway to administer drugs directly to the brain. Our group has shown that IN+FUS provides a more homogenous distribution of molecules in the targeted region than intranasal delivery alone. The underlying mechanism of IN+FUS is believed to be due to the microbubble pump effect, where microbubble cavitation causes expansion and contraction of the perivascular space. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate a potential cavitation threshold that is required for successful IN+FUS.


Fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of three high manganese austenitic twin-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels with different stacking fault energy (SFE) was investigated, aiming at studying the correlation between the FCG resistance and the SFE of the steels. FCG tests were performed using three-point bending specimens at room temperature at stress ratio of 0.1 under the control of stress intensity factor range. Test results showed that the fatigue threshold values of these steels decrease with increasing the SFE. However, in the Paris regime, the crack growth rates of the steels do not appear to correlate directly with SFE. These results are discussed according to the degree of fatigue crack closure and the deformation mode of crack tip zone.


SANT'ANNA, M. R. de – The English Consonants Pronunciation at the End of Words by Brazilian Speakers. 2008. 253 f. Thesis (Doutoral) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, 2008. The sample of the present research consisted of 45 Portuguese Brazilian speakers, who were learning English as a foreign language. All of them are attending the Translator course, in a private university, in the city of São Paulo. The aim of this research was to analyze the production of English ending consonants, based on syllabic patterns, VC and CVC, in two different moments, with and without training. It was also verified the occurrence of more errors in the VC pattern related to Vocalization category. Key-words: Foreign Language Learning and Acquisition, Contrastive Phonetics, Contrastive Phonology, Applied Linguistics


The empirical 1/f noise model for p$$^{+}$$+-p-n infrared detector made of type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice material is presented. It is shown that 1/f noise magnitude can be accurately estimated if dark current contributions are determined and noise coefficients are known. It is found that the shunt, the bulk generation–recombination, and the trap-assisted tunneling currents contribute to the total 1/f noise. No 1/f noise connected with the diffusion and the band-to-band tunneling currents is observed.


Employing the postcolonial paradigm, this paper explores the conduct of violence in a colonial condition and seeks to determine its rationality in The Attack. In colonial states, violence plays a critical role both in the furtherance and perpetuation of colonialism and the resistance of the same. Both the colonizer and the colonized assume some form of legitimacy in their violent acts. In an effort to delegitimize the resistance effort of the colonized, the colonizer often attempts to define and label the oppressed as terrorists griped in unjustified acts of violence. Through a qualitative research design, this study probes how the colonized attempt to rationalize their violence by resisting the cloak of a terrorist therefore assuming the pose of a resistance and freedom fighter. The paper argues that the dispossessed justify their violence as a path towards redemption from the oppressed condition of colonization.


We present a parallel adaptive physics-based non-rigid registration framework for aligning pre-operative to intra-operative brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) of patients who have undergone a tumor resection. This framework extends our earlier work on the physics-based methods by using an adaptive, multi-material, parallel finite element biomechanical model to describe the physical deformations of the brain. Our registration technology incorporates fast image-to-mesh convertors for remeshing the brain model in real-time eliminating the poor-quality elements; various linear solvers to accurately estimate the volumetric deformations; efficient block-matching techniques to compensate for the missing/unrealistic matches induced by the tumor resection. Our evaluation is based on six clinical volume MRI data-sets including (i) isotropic and anisotropic image spacings, and (ii) partial and complete tumor resections. We compare our framework with four methods: a rigid and BSpline deformable registration implemented on 3D Slicer v4.4.0, a physics-based non-rigid registration available on ITK v4.7.0, and an adaptive physics-based non-rigid registration. We show that the proposed technology provides the finest MRI alignments among all the methods. The Hausdorff distance is on average up to 3.78 and 3.12 times more accurate compared to the rigid and the other non-rigid registration methods, respectively. Additionally, it brings the end-to-end execution within the real-time constraints imposed by the neurosurgical procedure. In a Linux Dell workstation with 12 Intel Xeon 3.47 GHz CPU cores and 96 GB of RAM, it registers the anisotropic volume data in less than 93 s and the isotropic data in less than 21 s.


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Images of Authority Chapter 3 Revolution in Massachusetts Chapter 4 The Duke's Province and the Glorious Revolution Chapter 5 A Nursing Farther: The Whig Image of Kingship Chapter 6 King and Colony: Colonial Politics and Whig Kingship Chapter 7 The Covenant Broken Chapter 8 Epilogue


Electricity distribution managers are continuously under pressure to expand their grids to cope with load growth and properly supply their consumers. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to provide an acceptable climate for the entry of solar resources and innovative operating practices. This work focuses on a study the impact of the insertion of photovoltaic energy into the low voltage distribution grid. We have shown the impact of weather conditions on the power injected into the grid, the impact of using a single-phase inverter with a TT-neutral regime, the flow of active and reactive bidirectional power to the point of common coupling PCC, and the impact of a grid connected photovoltaic system under different weather conditions and load types. This study was carried out using the Matlab Simulink environment for modeling and simulation of a single-phase system with a 3,5kW transformer inverter and the results show the impact of PV system integration on the overall and individual harmonic level of voltage and current considering several scenarios (variable solar irradiation, variable types of loads),the presence of filters such as the inductor and the capacitor in series or in parallel plays very important role on the improvement in the disturbance of the quality of the current and the tension.


The research proposed Bayesian inference with a likelihood ratio approach to identifying an individual if the family had no parents. The research is by identifying Short Tandem Repeat (STR-DNA) from living families like siblings, grandparents, uncles, nephews, and cousins. The results of measurement similarity DNA profile for cousins cannot be used because the value of similarity does not reach 50%, while for siblings, grandparents, uncle-aunt, and nephew can reach above 50%. Precision value with Bayesian gains 100% for siblings, grandparents, uncles, and nephews.


A weak base anion exchange resin is synthesized by surface bonding 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to silica gel. This silylated silica gel is used to separate nitrate from interferences. The nitrate is then determined by measuring its absorbance at 220 nm. An interference study was performed and no anions commonly found in potable water interferes. A comparison of this method was made with the brucine method on real samples and satisfactory agreement was obtained between the two methods.


Reconstruction propagates along the electrical activity of the heart chamber electrode array. It includes a signal of interest from the channel electrode array from the sampled signal. Construction of N-dimensional signal vector and then using signals from the N channels of interest relates to adjacent channels. N-dimensional signal vector changes over time is determined and compared with a predetermined threshold value to determine if activation occurs in a local channel of interest.


The work is concerned with the determination of the mechanical behaviour of cell membranes under uniform hydrostatic pressure subject to micro‐injections. For that purpose, assuming that the shape of the deformed cell membrane is axisymmetric a variational statement of the problem is developed on the ground of the so‐called spontaneous curvature model. In this setting, the cell membrane is regarded as an axisymmetric surface in the three‐dimensional Euclidean space providing a stationary value of the shape energy functional under the constraint of fixed total area and fixed enclosed volume. The corresponding Euler‐Lagrange equations and natural boundary conditions are derived, analyzed and used to express the forces and moments in the membrane. Several examples of such surfaces representing possible shapes of cell membranes under pressure subjected to micro injection are determined numerically.


Laser-assisted microanalysis offers the advantage of determining the spatially resolved compositions in 3D. Scanning a material with a sequence of sampling laser pulses and acquiring online the related spectra allow one to map the lateral and depth distribution of elements and molecules. However, the requirement to analyse smaller and smaller length-scales is challenged by focal diffraction as well as reduction of sensitivity at the nano-scale. Electron-based microprobes still offer unmatched spatial resolution. Disruptive improvements in laser technology are however demonstrated utilizing recently self-developed extreme ultraviolet or soft X-ray lasers. Firstly, a significant enhancement of the resolution is accomplished thanks to a much shorter wavelength, with respect to state-of-the-art commercial lasers. Furthermore, as the most innovative aspect, the sampling efficiency is enhanced using "ionizing radiation", i.e. directly activating the target material. The high photon-energy (20–100 eV) makes the sampling process essentially single-photon, whatever bond or ionization energy. Furthermore, the analytical setup is simplified to a sampling source and detector, i.e. without the need for a secondary ionization or excitation source as in some state-of-the-art analytical systems. In this review, fundamental aspects of X-ray laser desorption and ablation are discussed, and a survey of the available literature is presented. The main objective is to convince the reader that desorption or ablation in this spectral domain is a significantly cleaner sampling process, with large potential, still requiring investigation for a complete fundamental understanding. Applications of laser microanalysis are thus entering the nano-scale era, which shrinks the gap with electron-based microprobes.


The article analyzes domestic and foreign publications from 2009 to 2019, found in the MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science database on the topic: multiple pregnancy, complications, outcomes, and anesthesia for cesarean section. The data on the prevalence, complications and outcomes of multiple pregnancies are presented. Optimal timing and methods of delivery for multiple pregnancy, their influence on perinatal outcomes have been determined. The review examines different methods of anesthesia and their influence on the mother, the intrauterine condition of the fetus and newborn undergoing a cesarean section. Currently, the main methods of anesthesia for cesarean section are regional ones. Among the methods of neuroaxial anesthesia, spinal anesthesia is preferred. Given the limited data on the impact of regional anesthesia methods on the mother and fetus/fetus during multiple pregnancies, additional research is needed.


Background: Prognosis is generally poor for patients (pts) with primary or secondary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. We report data from such patients treated on the ongoing Phase 1 trial investigating an autologous CD19 specific, hinge-optimized, CD28 costimulatory chimeric antigen receptor with a truncated eGFR for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) at City of Hope National Medical Center. Methods: Eligible pts had confirmed B-cell NHL with relapsed/refractory (r/r) disease and patients with CNS lymphoma (history of or active at the time of enrollment) could enroll. After lymphodepleting chemotherapy, CD19-targeting CAR-T cells were administered at 1 of 2 dose levels (DL): DL1 = 200 million (M) cells and DL2 = 600M cells. All patients received levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis. Results: At the time of data lock (06/2019), three (3) patients with primary CNS lymphoma and four (4) with secondary CNS lymphoma had received CAR-T cells. Five (5) pts were treated at DL1 and two (2) were treated at DL2.The median (range) age was 53.0 (47.0-70.8) years and median (range) number of prior lines of systemic therapy was 6 (4-12). No pts had grade (G) 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or neurological toxicities (NT). Two (2) pts received corticosteroids and three (3) pts received tocilizumab for CAR-T cell associated grade 1-2 NT and CRS respectively. Other toxicities were predominantly cytopenias related to the lymphodepleting chemotherapy. There were no treatment-related deaths. 4 pts had an objective response: 1 complete remission and 3 partial remissions. Representative peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples are shown in the Figure. Conclusions: In this ongoing City of Hope CAR-T cell trial targeting CD19 in patients with r/r B-cell NHL, promising results were seen in patients with primary and secondary CNS lymphoma, a population of pts with a high unmet medical need. No grade 3 or higher CRS or NT were noted. Expansion phase enrollment continues currently and an intraventricular route of CAR-T cell delivery will also be evaluated for potentially improved antitumor effects. Clinical trial information: NCT02153580.
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 Siddiqi: Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Seattle Genetics: Speakers Bureau; BeiGene: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; Kite: Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Juno: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie company: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Palmer:Gilead Sciences: Consultancy. Popplewell:City of Hope: Employment. Herrera:Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Immune Design: Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding. Budde:F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy.

 City of Hope CAR-T cells are not FDA approved.


The super hybrid rice combinations, Liangyoupeijiu, Ⅱyou 7954 and Guodao 1 were used as experimental materials under different transplanting densities, to study the photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of leaves at different positions during panicle initiation stage under the system of rice intensification. When the transplanting density was decreased from 1.95×10 5 to 0.75×10 5 hills/ha under the SRI, the leaf area index remained constant, and the light transmittance of canopy,the photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of the 9th to 13th leaves increased, while the transpiration rate of the leaf, and the identical degree of heading decreased. Higher photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were observed in the 9th and 10th leaves under low transplanting density. In the SRI experiments, the highest grain yield was attained at the transplanting density of 1 65×10 5 hills/ha.


The weekly 500 mile aeroplane journey to the South African hospital shortened the working day for the visiting radiologist, so a car was always ready to take him straight from the airstrip to the waiting patients. If an examination under general anaesthetic was required, an anaesthetist would start to prepare the patient as soon as the aeroplane's wheels touched the tarmac, so that the radiologist wasted no time at the hospital. The senior registrars from Cape Town, who took it in turns to provide the service, enjoyed the visit; it was good for radiological …


This chapter explores correspondences between the costs and benefits of financial and circus safety nets. The author stresses the idea that the character of a country's net cannot be static. It must adapt promptly to changes in the market, legal, bureaucratic, and ethical problems it is intended to alleviate.

Safety nets expand over time for two reasons. First, large firms whose operations lie formally outside the net have strong incentives to make themselves too difficult for authorities to fail and unwind in crisis circumstances. Second, in good times, safety-net managers underinvest in crisis planning. As a result, crisis-generated changes in the ordering of regulatory norms dispose them to rescue firms that are difficult to fail and unwind without holding themselves closely accountable for either the costs or the distributional effects of the subsidies the rescue engenders.


In this book, the authors have tried to find out the most influential factors with regard to development of IT outsourcing industry in Bangladesh, which is supposed to be a great source of income for the most unoccupied but educated people of the country in the upcoming period. Both the authors have identified multiple important factors using statistical methods i.e. descriptive analysis, correlation matrix and multiple regression analysis from a questionnaire survey undertaken on 214 skilled vendors of outsourcing tasks. Eventually, recommendations were made from the authors to pave the way of development of the concerned sector intended for Bangladesh.


Marine transport development and related to it, an increase in emission of harmful compounds forming when burning marine fuels, enforces conducting research on that emission in sea regions located in the vicinity of agglomeration areas. The basis for formulating the models of emission of harmful compounds in marine engines exhausts is formulation and study of the vessels movement models. The models ought to take into consideration the specificity of the processes taking place while a vessel is moving, which influence the formation of harmful compounds and their emission intensity. Emission models can be later used in formulating models of pollutants dispersion and their immission in the areas distant from the source of pollution, e.g. in city agglomeration regions. The paper indicates the possibility of using the Automatic Identification System as a source of statistical data, which can be used to define parameters and characteristics of the vessels movement. Identification of such a model was illustrated by the examples of the Gdansk Bay region.


This paper illustrates how empirical data generated from a systematically designed experiment is used for armament product performance optimization, robustness, and tolerance design, in the context of a 40mm IR flare munition project conducted by the US Army ARDEC. This presentation will introduce modern Robust Design best-practices in a seamless statistical analysis 'walkthrough' leaving opportunity for drilldown and audience interaction, and will contrast with Taguchi's approach which many Quality and Reliability professionals are familiar with. This approach uses a number of 'Uncertainty Quantification' (UQ) techniques more commonly applied to computer models and simulations. This approach makes use of the validated prediction model built using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), specifically a computer-generated I-optimal experiment, to analytically derive a robust design solution using Propagation of Error (POE), and integrates Monte-Carlo Simulation, Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO), and statistical quality control methods to execute an efficient, cost-effective manufacturing Tolerance Design study.


Stanley's symmetrized chromatic polynomial is a generalization of the ordinary chromatic polynomial to a graph invariant with values in a ring of polynomials in infnitely many variables. The ordinary chromatic polynomial is a specialization of the Stanley's one. Our goal is to extend Stanley's chromatic polynomial to embedded graphs. In contrast to well-known extensions of, say, the Tutte polynomial from abstract to embedded graphs [5], we do not treat an embedded graph as an abstract graph endowed with additional information about the embedding. Instead, we consider the binary delta-matroid associated to an embedded graph and define the extended Stanley's chromatic polynomial as an invariant of delta-matroids. We show that, similarly to Stanley's symmetrized chromatic polynomial of graphs, which satisfies 4-term relations for simple graphs and determines in this way a knot invariant, extended Stanley's chromatic polynomial of binary delta-matroids we define satisfies the 4-term relations for binary delta-matroids [10] and determines, therefore, an invariant of links.


Low-density parity-check(LDPC) codes are excellent error-correcting codes with performance close to the Shannon limit,widely applied in many fields,such as wireless communication,satellite communication,digital broadcasting and magnetic recorders.A reconfigurable LDPC encoder is designed in this paper.The limited system resources can be dynamically used by adding a few hardware so that the encoder can be reconfigured to 1,2 or 4 parallel encoding channal.Then the system throughput is being improved remarkably.


Seventy four halotolerant strains were isolated from saline soil and tested further to screen efficient halotolerant phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. For isolation Halobacterium medium and for selection modified Pikovskaya broth under various salt concentrations was used. Total nine strains were selected on the basis of the release of soluble phosphorous in the medium detected by using colorimetric molybdate blue method. The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds which were inoculated with isolated strains and tested for their ability to germinate in different saline conditions. Out of all nine strains, inoculums of three strains PSB1, 2 and 6 had significantly increased the germination percentage of the seeds at salt concentration between 0 to 60 mM. The results suggested that the isolated halotolerant PSB may to be used as source to supply phosphorous to the growing plant in saline conditions.


Background: Recently, It had been recognized that oral infection, especially periodontal disease are potential contributing factors to a variety of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, pregnancy problem, diabetes mellitus type 2, etc. However, the adverse effect of periodontal disease toward uveitis still not clearly understood especially if happens during pregnancy. Interestingly, in Indonesia, there is still a myth that pregnant women should not get any dental treatment, therefore, it may deteriorate periodontal disease during pregnancy. Purpose: to explain the possible connection between periodontal disease and uveitis and increase the awareness of these problems during pregnancy that could be understood by doctor and laymen. Reviews: literatures revealed that dental infection can caused uveitis via metastatic spread of toxin and inflammatory mediators. Additionaly, more recent investigation reported that the neural system may also stimulated by oral infection. In the orofacial regions there's trigeminal nerve complex that also related to the orbital region, thus may also involved in the uveitis pathogenesis. The effects of periodonto pathogens toxins toward immunocompetent cell and nerves had also been reported by researcher. Moreover, pregnant women are more susceptible to periodontal disease, therefore maintaining oral hygiene and dental monitoring is a mandatory. Conclusion: in woman who susceptible to uveitis, periodontal disease may exacerbate the symptoms especially in pregnancy. Therefore simple explanation about connection of oral infection-systemic diseases especially in pregnancy should be widespread among Indonesian people.


Seven new oligomeric complexes of 4,4′‐bipyridine; 3,3′‐bipyridine; benzene‐1,4‐diamine; benzene‐1,3‐diamine; benzene‐1,2‐diamine; and benzidine with rhodium tetraacetate, as well as 4,4′‐bipyridine with molybdenum tetraacetate, have been obtained and investigated by elemental analysis and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 13C and 15N CPMAS NMR. The known complexes of pyrazine with rhodium tetrabenzoate, benzoquinone with rhodium tetrapivalate, 4,4′‐bipyridine with molybdenum tetrakistrifluoroacetate and the 1 : 1 complex of 2,2′‐bipyridine with rhodium tetraacetate exhibiting axial–equatorial ligation mode have been obtained as well for comparison purposes. Elemental analysis revealed 1 : 1 complex stoichiometry of all complexes. The 15N CPMAS NMR spectra of all new complexes consist of one narrow signal, indicating regular uniform structures. Benzidine forms a heterogeneous material, probably containing linear oligomers and products of further reactions. The complexes were characterized by the parameter complexation shift Δδ (Δδ = δcomplex − δligand). This parameter ranged from around −40 to −90 ppm in the case of heteroaromatic ligands, from around −12 to −22 ppm for diamines and from −16 to −31 ppm for the complexes of molybdenum tetracarboxylates with 4,4′‐bipyridine. The experimental results have been supported by a density functional theory computation of 15N NMR chemical shifts and complexation shifts at the non‐relativistic Becke, three‐parameter, Perdew‐Wang 91/[6‐311++G(2d,p), Stuttgart] and GGA–PBE/QZ4P levels of theory and at the relativistic scalar and spin‐orbit zeroth order regular approximation/GGA–PBE/QZ4P level of theory. Nucleus‐independent chemical shifts have been calculated for the selected compounds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The best extraction conditions of total flavonoids from acid litchi seeds and its antioxidant activity in vitro were investigated.The orthogonal test was employed to evaluate the effects of three factors including ethanol concentration,extracttion time and material\solvent ratio on the extraction yield.The optimum technology was as follows: material\solvent ratio 20∶1,extracttion time 30min and the ethanol concentration 95%vol.Total flavonoids from acid litchi seeds have good scavenging effect and reducing power against DPPH and oxygen free radical.


This paper reports an ethnographic study of design work in the fashion industry. Contrary tomany images of fashion design, in this setting, it is essentially tied to organizational and inter-organizational coordination, and the demands of manufacture and supply chain management. Relatively little design work involves artistic drawing, much requires retrieval from databases, data analysis, information gathering and matters which members themselves call 'technological'. Experiences collaborating with developers and the relevance of advanced 3D design tools and Virtual Reality for CSC W are considered on the basis of these findings and in the light of debates over ethnography in system development.


Problem background:
In the beginning of 2011 the working capital levels rose drastically for companies operating in the polymer industry, as a result of macroeconomic factors and changes of supply market conditions. Suppliers were allocating capacity and uncertainty spread among buyers, which resulted in that large volumes were purchased in order to secure supply. Moreover, the suppliers were dictating the conditions, leading to non-favorable payment terms. For companies pursuing corporate strategies involving acquisitions, a large amount of capital is needed. Thus, initiatives for reducing working capital are likely to be prioritized. Working capital initiatives might be focused at purchasing activities, since these heavily impacts the working capital performance.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to analyze how working capital can be reduced through purchasing initiatives.

Methodology:
The research started with a literature review in order to gain understanding of how purchasing was related to working capital. Then a case study was conducted, in which empirical data and theory resulted in that an analysis model was developed. The model was applied at the case company in order to analyze the impact of implementing possible purchasing initiatives.

Conclusions:
Working capital can be reduced by optimizing safety stock levels, ordering sizes of economic order quantity, benchmarking prices internally between two production sites and place orders jointly. Moreover, depending on the bargaining power over suppliers, additional working capital reductions can be obtained through extended credit days and reduced lead times. Finally, it is likely that working capital can be reduced from entering into logistical partnerships with suppliers.


Fitness for purpose is a concept of great importance for the welding industry. Deviations may occur between the product imagined by the user and the product manufactured. Fatigue cracks can originate from the weld flaws and may lead to the component premature failure. Fitness for purpose recommendations are made in respect to fatigue, covering planar flaws, internal and geometrical defects. Assessment is made on the basis of S-N curves and/or fracture mechanics


Woodson, Jacqueline. The Day You Begin. Illustrated by Rafael López, Penguin Random House, 2018.
Inspired by a poem in her award-winning memoir Brown Girl Dreaming, the Brooklyn based author Jacqueline Woodson wrote The Day You Begin about the moments in a child's life when s/he feels like an outsider.  Throughout the pages, the reader goes on a journey through the eyes of various children and their experiences feeling like outsiders. The children discover that the moment you bravely reach out you will find that "every new friend has something a little like you—and something else so fabulously not quite like you at all." Written in beautifully poetic text that is perfectly portrayed through the illustrations, this picture book speaks of hope and human connection in the face of fear, a concept easily connected to by all.
Rafael Lopez creates beautiful illustrations to inspire imagination and conjure up the precious richness of our differences. Pages filled with vibrant images of flowers and nature are used to represent the child's unique qualities spoken of in the text. In contrast, dull colours and minimal images express feelings of difference.  The highly relatable experience of trying to measure up is illustrated on some of the pages through the presence of a ruler. Adults and children of all ages will be able to connect in some way with the characters on the page.
Overall, this is a beautifully written book that can be used to discuss the vibrancy we can find in our communities when we cherish our differences and share of ourselves, if only we would begin.
Highly Recommended:  4 out of 4 starsReviewer:  Danielle Ford
Danielle is an avid reader of all kinds of books. Currently in her last semester of her Bachelor of Education as an Elementary Generalist, she is looking forward to bringing rich children's literature into her classroom.


Failures statistic data of power supply systems' elements for gas pumping compressor stations are processed in this paper. The distribution functions of operating time between failures, operating time between unplanned repairs, restoration time are chosen for power supply systems' elements. Parameters of Weibull distribution function are determined. The reliability of power supply system for gas pumping compressor station is simulated. Comparative analysis of the system reliability with hot and cold reserve is processed. The role of elements and it's parameters for ensuring reliability are determined. The rational boundaries for increasing of reliability for the most important system elements are determined.


As the increasing application of ICT technology in power system, the information available is getting more and more, which has provided a firm foundation and possibility to the implementation of Active Distribution System (ADS). The key challenges at the ADS planning is how to integration with the optimization operation of DER (generation (DG, RES), Electricity Energy storage (EES) and interactive load). The questions firstly is how to make use of the available information,secondly is which information is primary needed and have to be provided , and thirdly is how to coordinate the information resources. This paper presents an analysis of the information which is necessary to be used on the planning and optimization of passive distribution networks (PDNs),including existing information system and available information, then analyses the differences between PDN and ADS, lastly, presents a simplified the future information model for ADS planning. (4 pages)


This paper presents a review of the structure, stratigraphy, and history of the Blackfoot field, Anderson County, Texas. The Blackfoot producing structure is a relatively small, faulted, elongate, domal, closure situated on an anticlinal trend which extends from northeastern Freestone County through west-central Anderson County into southeastern Henderson County and is known as the Blackfoot-Bradford Tennessee Colony trend. Productive formations include the Rodessa and Pettit limestones, and the Travis Peak sands of the Trinity group. The productive limits are not defined since the field is only partly developed. Faulting, although present at Blackfoot, is thought to be of minor significance and known faulting does not effect the local accumulation of gas and oil. Control furnished by development wells shows a typical graben fault pattern; however, the exceptional feature in Blackfoot is the termination of both faults at the point of intersection. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2068------------


This brief, prepared by Mathematica and the Center for Health Care Strategies for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Integrated Care Resource Center, explores promising state options for integrating physical and behavioral health services for high-need, high-cost Medicaid populations within a variety of care management delivery systems. It includes examples of current state programs and critical considerations for implementation.


Based on annual yield data per unit of staple crops in Shijiazhuang from 1985 to 2010,variation,abrupt change and period of yield per unit of staple crops were analyzed.The results showed that fluctuation of yield per unit of most staple crops was the strongest in the 1990 s and the weakest in the 1980 s with vegetable′s fluctuation being the strongest and rice′s fluctuation being the weakest,and yield per unit of most staple crops had a obvious ascending trend with yield per unit of vegetable,wheat and peanut having the most obvious ascending trend from all times′change.Fluctuation of yield per unit of vegetable was the strongest and cotton′s was the weakest,and yield per unit of most staple crops had a obvious ascending trend with yield per unit of vegetable,wheat and peanut having the most obvious ascending trend from all annual change.Yield per unit of staple crops all had a obvious ascending trend which was mainly in the late 1980 s and the early 1990 s with corn′s,soybean′s and cotton′s climatic yield per unit occurring a abrupt change respectly.Climatic yield per unit of staple crops all had a around 7 lows oscillation period with period of crop′s and rice′s climatic yield per unit being maximal.


In this paper, we propose an approach of information extraction, based on an ontology, and applied to documents from advertising catalogs. Documents are relatively poor descriptions of products. The information to be extracted, or annotations, concern the categories and features of the products, listed in a domain ontology. Thus, the information extraction about a product is actually an ontology population process, more precisely the population of concepts representing its categories and features. The poverty of the descriptions makes a fully automatic population impossible. We propose a two-step approach: (1) a first semi-automatic annotation step, which covers a small set of documents; (2) a second step, which annotates all other documents, in an entirely automatic way, based on machine learning mechanisms exploiting the results of the first step. The originality of this work relies on an incremental approach Revue d'intelligence artificielle – n 5/2016, 557-578 558 RIA. Volume 30 – n 5/2016 to refine the extracted information. The work described has been applied on real data, in the toy domain. MOTS-CLÉS : extraction d'informations, peuplement d'ontologie, annotation sémantique, application dans le domaine du e-commerce.


Silicon microring resonators play pivotal roles in photonic integration circuits due to the advantages of low power consumption, high bandwidth, and ultracompact size. However, silicon microring resonators also face great challenges to control the working wavelength due to fabrication errors and temperature variation. In this work, we demonstrate an electrically tunable silicon microring resonator driven by a titanium-doped indium oxide/hafnium oxide/silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor, achieving a high electro-optic tuning efficiency of 130 pm/V with a high quality factor between 11900 and 4700. The high electro-optic tuning efficiency can be used to compensate for the drift of resonance wavelength induced by temperature fluctuation up to 12 K with an extremely low power consumption of 11 pW/nm, which is superior to the conventional thermal tuning.


Participation in clinical trials is a high priority in the neuro oncology community and requires an informed, signed consent. However, patient information is increasingly complex as many trials include comprehensive molecular analyses and, according to Danish legislation, must include a statement about incidental findings. Incidental findings can range from variants of unknown significance to pathogenic variants in the mismatch repair-genes (MMR) and BRCA1-2. Pathogenic variants have been reported in 1-18% of cancers and can have significant influence for the patient and family. Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) can have impaired cognitive function, both due to GBM and due to morbidity after surgery. This can limit access to clinical trials as some patients might not understand the study information. We investigated whether patients were interested in participating in a comprehensive genomic trial and where they marked their preference of information for incidental findings.

 108 consents from a published study from the Copenhagen Glioblastoma Cohort were examined. The study period was 2016-2019 and included whole exome- and RNA sequencing. The consent included three alternatives to receive information about incidental findings; 1) none, 2) if incidental findings could be treated or future disease be prevented or 3) full information even though no treatment or prevention existed.

 A total of 108/111 (97.3%) patients consented to participate. Each category was marked as follows: 33 (30.6%) marked 1), 24 (22.2%) marked 2) and 45 patients (41.7%) marked 3), respectively. Six consents were N/A as either two or no boxes were marked. No pathogenic incidental findings were identified.

 We found a high interest in trial participation despite of complex study information. Information about incidental findings was spread between groups with majority of patients interested in receiving full information, suggesting that complex information does not hinder participation in molecular-based trials for GBM patients.


Conventional projection radiography accounts for the largest volume of medical irnages produced in a radiology department, yet it is the last area to enter the electronic age. The direct digital capture of X‐rays has become a reality through recent technological developments in the electronic and serniconductor industries. The conventional analog and cutting― edge digital mOdalities currently avallable are considered either indirect or direct based on一respectively, their use of or elinlina‐ tion of light― .Of those avallable,DirectRay(TA/1), a singular direct,to‐ digital tech‐ nology, offers image quality, along with clinical test results and market strategy. To better understand what this means to medical imaging, let's briefly revie、 v four ・the evolution of digital imaging technology; ・the different types of digital image capture ・the science behind E)irectRay technology; A ・and regarding this ne、v technology― the results to date, of radlologists. future and the needs Introduction to the digital evolutiorl : the radiology emvironment Digital imaging mOdalities, such as computed tomography, ultrasound and nuclear medicine, gained 、videspread acceptance in the 1970s. In the 1980s, magnetic resonance ilnaging and digital subtraction angiography furthered the trend to、 vard digital imaging. Even so, 65 percent of medical irnaging exarninations today are still performed using conventional projection radlography. For a viable electronic irllaging systen■, a critical step is an effective method that provides digi― tal radlographic ilnages.Until now, all efforts to integrate conventional radiography into the digi‐ tal environment have been comprOrnises requiring both intermediate conversion steps and addi― tional 、vork by the technologists. These compronlises include the use of fll血 digitizers, storage phosphor―based computed radiography systems and the digital conversion of image intensifier video outputs. For over 60 years, X― ray filnl in combination with intensifying screens has been the standard for medical imaging because of its functional utility and perceived high ilnage quality. X― ray film has *Sterling Diagnostic lmaging,Inc.〔 P.0.Box 6020 Newark,Delaware 19714-6020,USA〕 e mail i firstname.lastname@example.com receive: November 13, 1998. accept i January 25, 1999.


We propose formally the Chivillas Formation, as a key litostratigraphic unit to decrypt the sedimentary record of Cuicateca basin. Its type locality is along...


We report on the novel normally-off GaN-based heterojunction field effect transistors (HFETs). The AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure on Si (111) substrate was grown using a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The HFET for a normally-off operation was fabricated using the AlGaN/ C-GaN heterostructure. As a result, the HFET was operated at the condition of the positive gate bias. The breakdown voltage of FET was about 350 V. We also confirmed that the normally-off HFET was operated at 573 K. A normally-off operation using GaN based HFETs on the silicon substrate was thus confirmed for the first time.


Background In recent years,studies abroad show that blood pressure(BP) variability is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events independent of mean blood pressure,and it has become an attentional focus.The seasonal blood pressure variability is closely related to cardiovascular events,but there are few studies about the effects of antihypertensive medications on its variability at home and abroad.Objective To explore the effect of three types of long-acting calcium channel blockers on seasonal variability of blood pressure.Methods One hundred fifty-nine patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension were randomly treated with felodipine extended-release tablet 5 mg/d(FEL group,n=53),nifedipine controlled-release tablet 30 mg/d(NIF group,n=53) or amlodipine besylate tablet 5 mg/d(AML group,n=53).All subjects were recruited in the same autumn.Office blood pressures was detected two to four times monthly and the daily mean temperature was recorded contemporarily for 12 months.24 h ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring was also performed in summer and winter.Results The office mean systolic blood pressure(oSBP),24 hours mean systolic blood pressure(24hSBP),diurnal mean systolic blood pressure(dSBP) and nocturnal mean systolic blood pressure(nSBP) in the three groups were significantly higher in winter than those in summer,and the variations between summer and winter were more obvious in group FEL [(8.6±3.7),(9.8±3.3),(10.9±3.6),(7.5±2.7) mm Hg ] and group NIF [(7.5±2.8),(9.0±2.9),(10.2±3.3),(7.1±2.5) mm Hg ] than those in group AML [(4.6±1.3),(5.4±1.9),(6.2±2.4),(4.9±1.7)mm Hg ](all P0.05).In winter,the attainment rates of office and diurnal BP were higher in group AML(60.0%,72.2%) than those in group FEL(40.0%,42.2%) and group NIF(38.3%,44.1%)(all P0.05),respectively.The standard deviations and variation coefficients of visit-to-visit office systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in group AML than those in group FEL and group NIF(all P0.05).The office systolic blood pressure of three groups correlated significantly with daily mean temperature(group FEL:r=-0.57,P=0.002;group NIF:r=-0.52,P=0.004;group AML:r=-0.33,P=0.021).For every decrease in daily mean temperature by one degree centigrade,office SBP and DBP increased by 0.65 and 0.19 mm Hg in group FEL,by 0.63 and 0.16 mm Hg in group NIF,and only office SBP increased by 0.29 mm Hg in group AML.Conclusion Amlodipine besylate tablet can alleviate BP seasonal variability more markedly than felodipine extended-release tablet and the nifedipine controlled-release tablet,which leads to higher blood pressure attainment rates in winter,especially diurnal blood pressure attainment rate.


The phenomenal growth and ever increasing popularity of the e-commerce has revolutionized our way of shopping. Observing this lucrative opportunity, every organization is competing for attracting new customers, while retaining the existing ones for the increased transactions on their e-commerce website. To achieve these goals, the organizations require providing an effective and efficient website to their customers. In order to provide such website, the adaptation mechanism is used to update the website structure considering several criteria. These criteria include maximizing the sell or transaction, maximizing the visualization while minimizing the download time, among others. Addressing such multiple criteria for the simultaneous optimization for improved website structure makes it a typical multi-criteria combinatorial optimization problem. In recent years metaheuristic based techniques have gained a lot of popularity to solve such optimization problems. In this paper a novel tri-criteria quantum inspired ant colony optimization metaheuristic is discussed to address the tri-criteria website optimization. The proposed tri-criteria quantum inspired ACO has adopted the concept of Q-bit representation and Q-gate from quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm for pheromone representation and update explained in quantum ant colony optimization.


A passivity‐based sliding mode control for a class of second‐order nonlinear systems with matched disturbances is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a nonlinear sliding surface is designed using feedback passification, in which the passivity is employed to guarantee the closed‐loop system's stability. The passivity‐based controller comprising a discontinuous term guarantees globally asymptotical convergence to the sliding surface. A sliding mode‐based control law that satisfies the reaching and sliding condition is also developed. Moreover, the passivity‐based sliding mode observer is also developed to effectively estimate the system states. Compared with conventional sliding mode control, the proposed control scheme has a shorter reaching time; and hence, the system performance is less affected by disturbances, thus eliminating the need to increase the control input gain. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.


Finnish contractor Lemcon is utilising the latest in drill and blast technology to build a 3km long rail tunnel in Sweden. Editor Tris Thomas visited the site to see how things are progressing.


Oxides are widely used in the industry and their generation methods have a practical value. Results of the study have shown that for similar laser processing, but for different oxidation conditions, the amounts of oxides can differ from 10 to 80%.


Crosstalk-power in homogenous single-mode multi-core fibers can vary by more than 20 dB over time and frequency. The extend of these fluctuations depends on the interacting cores' propagation parameters and the transmitted modulation format. Furthermore, the polarizations of signal and crosstalk can change randomly during transmission. In this paper, we describe the effect of random crosstalk-power variations and the relative signal-crosstalk polarization fluctuations when transmitting single-polarization, intensity-modulated signals such as on-off-keying. We show experimentally that the polarization of a signal fluctuates slower than the polarization of crosstalk, indicating uncorrelated processes. We further investigate the system impact of both, crosstalk-power fluctuations and the relative signal-crosstalk polarization variations on a 10 Gb/s on-off-keying transmission system employing a 10.1 km 19-core multi-core fiber. We show that the two-dimensional space of random fluctuations that is spanned by crosstalk power and relative signal-crosstalk polarization can vary the system's bit error rate by more than five orders of magnitude.


Kevin Bartig Composing for the Red Screen: Prokofiev and Soviet Film New York: Oxford University Press, 2013, 272 pp.review by Lucy M. reesProkofiev's art or 'serious' music is well-documented and performed regularly in concert halls worldwide. However, relatively little is known about his contribution to film music, except for his collaborations with Sergei Eisenstein on Alexander Nevsky and Ivan the Terrible, including Eisenstein's oft-cited graphic score featuring seventeen bars of Prokofiev's music for the former pictured with the corresponding film stills. Bartig's book, based on his 2008 Ph.D. thesis, is a comprehensive guide to Prokofiev's total output of film music, including his scores for aborted film projects and his adaptations of his own film scores for the concert platform. The book is a very welcome addition to knowledge about the man and his music and provides a deeper insight into the world of Soviet film composition, adding to the recent surge in interest in non-Western film music.The main theme explored throughout the book, introduced clearly in the introduction, is Prokofiev's struggle to compose 'music for the masses' whilst retaining his established artistic integrity, in other words, how did Prokofiev reconcile serious music with film? Bartig uses a variety of sources to answer this question, notably archive material stored in Moscow that was not available outside the Soviet Union before its dissolution in 1991, making this book extremely valuable in that it provides a rounded and realistic picture of the composer and his film music output. Bartig draws upon a variety of literature to reinforce his argument, perhaps relying a little too heavily on Simon Morrison's book on Prokofiev, The People's Artists: Prokofiev's Soviet Years. Composing for the Red Screen, which is aimed at academics and students, and the general educated reader with an interest in Prokofiev and Soviet film music, and Bartig explains in the introduction the changing attitudes (for the better) to the erstwhile academic bias against film music.The opening pages contain an atmospheric description of the first screening of a sound film in the Soviet Union in 1930, which sets the scene appropriately, and demonstrates the levels of excitement on the part of the Soviet population at the prospect of watching films not only with dialogue but also music. The introduction also explains that Prokofiev, who was living in Paris whilst he composed his first film score, was asked to write a 'film symphony' for Eisenstein's 1925 production Battleship Potemkin; Prokofiev was reluctant since he didn't want to be labelled a Bolshevist. This leads the reader to wonder exactly what the composer's political leanings were, particularly since this could shed more light on his attitudes towards composing music for the masses, yet this theme isn't analysed in as much detail as it could have been within this book.Chapter 1 covers the music for the 1934 production of Lieutenant Kizhe, the music of which will be familiar to most readers through Prokofiev's concert adaptation of the film score, the 'Lieutenant Kije Suite'. The chapter begins with an account of Prokofiev's trip to the USA in 1930, which resulted in Gloria Swanson offering him the opportunity to score her latest movie. The commission did not materialise due to circumstances and disagreements about fees but the encounter did lead Prokofiev to think deeply about producing music for the masses whilst maintaining his own musical voice, resulting in music that came to be termed 'new simplicity'. The chapter continues with transcriptions and descriptions of the music, which illustrate clearly the development of this style. Furthermore, Bartig presents information on Prokofiev's emerging interest in recording technology, another legacy of the composer's Hollywood trip, which informed his thinking behind the composition of later film scores. There are some insightful peeks into Prokofiev's character through snippets from his journal and accounts of his process of composition in isolation from the film studio, since he lived in Paris at the time. …


Industries develop in India in a particular form of exploitation of human, natural and social structures, where nature is industrialised and caste is naturalised. The division of labour in a factory interacts with caste hierarchy in society, where a dalit working body, physicality and social positions play an important role within the production process, under the control of capital. The environmental politics against pollution can create an industrial and social environment within which polluting industries and 'impurity' of dalit labourers' bodies become synonymous with each other. Based on the analytic frameworks of Marx and B.R. Ambedkar and an extensive field study of an industrial area in Delhi, the article narrates how dalit labourers in stainless steel utensil factories move in and out of the industrial ecosystem and how they contest the repressive nature of their work and environment.


Objective To explore the biotherapy of human lung cancer by newcastle disease virus(NDV). Methods Nude mice models bearing human lung cancer cell ling A549 and cultured in vitro were established using NDV. Then large amounts of NDV were injected into the tumor. Changes in carcinoma administrated with the NDV were observed under light and electron microscopes. Results NDV Dgocould kill and lyse human lung cancer cells through culture in vitro and reduce the rate of cell adherence with the difference being statistically significant between experimental and control groups. The average volume of the tumor tissue in experimental group was significant reduced as compared with control group(t'= 4. 753 ,P < 0.01). Conclusion NDV D90 can kill and lyse human lung cancer cell line A549 and restrain the growth and metastasis of tumor cells.

Key words:
Lung carcinoma;  Newcastle disease virus;  Cell culture;  Biotherapy


Objective: Recent research indicates that facial epidermis color varies with the rhythm of heat beats. It can be captured by consumer-level cameras and, astonishingly, be adopted to estimate heart rate (HR). The HR estimated remains not as precise as required in a practical environment where illumination interference, facial expressions, or motion artifacts are involved, although numerous methods have been proposed in the last few years. A novel algorithm is proposed to make non-contact HR estimation technique more robust. Approach: First, the face of the subject is detected and tracked to follow the head movement. The facial region then falls into several blocks, and the chrominance feature of each block is extracted to establish a raw HR sub-signal. Self-adaptive signal separation is performed to separate the noiseless HR sub-signals from raw sub-signals. On that basis, the noiseless sub-signals full of HR information are selected using a weight-based scheme to establish the holistic HR signal, from which the average HR is computed adopting wavelet transform and data filtering. Main results: Forty subjects took part in our experiments, whose facial videos were recorded by a normal webcam with the frame rate of 30 fps under ambient lighting conditions. The average HR estimated by our method correlates strongly with ground truth measurements, as indicated in experimental results measured in a static scenario with the Pearson correlation r  =  0.980 and a dynamic scenario with the Pearson correlation r  =  0.897. In addition, our method, compared to the newest method, decreases the error rate by 38.63% and increases the Pearson correlation by 15.59%. Significance: This work proposes a robust method for non-contact HR measurement in a realistic environment. Results of comparative experiments indicate that our method out-performs state-of-the-art non-contact HR estimation methods in realistic environments.


20 p. transcript of an interview with Marge LaFramboise conducted by Karen Trotchie on February 19, 1984. Tape number IH-SD.29, transcript disc 45.


This monograph analyzes the dominion over the fact (a criterion of authorship delimitation in criminal law) according to Hans Welzel and Claus Roxin and demonstrates that both conceptions are criteria of a restrictive concept of authorship. In order to achieve such conclusion, the currently systematized concepts, systems and criteria of authorship are clarified, the Welzelian and Roxinian conceptions of dominion over the fact are individually analyzed and it is exposed that the Brazilian legal scholarship made many mistakes while importing them.


11.1 From a letter to association members 144 11.2 Dealer company mission statement 146 11.3 Shared values 147 11.4 Content and form of the code 148 15.1 Brief profile of Siemens 205 15.2 Categories of standards at Siemens 206 15.3 Siemens' levels of ethical standards and implementation 209 15.4 The seven corporate principles of Siemens 212 15.5 Letter of rules of conduct for Siemens' employees 213 15.6 Rules of conduct for Siemens' employees 214 15.7 Siemens' environmental principles 216 15.8 Siemens' detailed guidelines 217 16.1 The values of GE 224 16.2 GE's commitment of integrity 225 16.3 Corporate principles of Siemens 231 17.1 Case study of a health care worker 249


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an intermediate synthesizing step using non or a reduced amount of a halogen-containing solvent and/or avoiding or decreasing extremely high temperatures and/or low temperatures, in a method for synthesizing a pyrrolidylthiocarbapenem derivative, or to provide a method for producing a pyrrolidylthiocarbapenem derivative using the intermediate synthesizing step. SOLUTION: A method for synthesizing a sulfamide comprises following steps: (a) a step of reacting a halogenated sulfonyl isocyanate with an alcohol in toluene or CH 3 CN to prepare a reaction product; (b) a step of adding a compound selected from the group consisting of pyridine, a substituted pyridine and quinolines to the reaction product formed in the step (a), to prepare a reaction product; and (c) a step of adding aqueous ammonia to the reaction product prepared in the step (b), to prepare the sulfamide. The method for synthesizing the pyrrolidylthiocarbapenem derivative includes the above method for synthesizing a sulfamide as one step. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


For 0Cr18No10Ti heads that have been applied solution annealing before ex-works carried out scanning electrical microscope observation and metallographic observation of point or short line shape defection (cracks) on heads' surface. Confirmed that the cause of heads' surface defects is gathering sediment and Titanium Carbon. For the Titanium Carbon is produced during steel making, and have no evident influence on inter granular corrosion resistant ability.


In this study, a test device was designed and established for evaluating the sound insulation of fabrics, and six warp knitted fabrics with different parameters were chosen and tested. The results show that these fabrics have different sound insulation effect to various sound wave frequencies, and normally, the fabric with solid structure has better sound insulation effect that the fabric with thin structure, but the effect of latter fabric can be improved by using some treatments.


With the ability to generate different spiking patterns, Izhikevich model has well been considered a computationally efficient and biologically plausible neuron model for applications such as brain dynamic behavior study. This brief presents a low-cost, high-throughput digital hardware design for Izhikevich neuron model. The proposed design requires only addition, subtraction and logic shifts operations to achieve the low hardware cost. The dynamic behaviors of both the proposed neuron model and the original Izhikevich model were analyzed using the phase portraits. The FPGA implementation results demonstrated that the proposed design can reproduce different spiking patterns with very high throughput. Compared to existing designs, the proposed design achieves the lowest slices and LUTs utilization, which are 73% and 11% lower than the latest design (HOMIN), respectively.


In this article, we review computational aspects of deep learning (DL). DL uses network architectures consisting of hierarchical layers of latent variables to construct predictors for high‐dimensional input–output models. Training a DL architecture is computationally intensive, and efficient linear algebra library is the key for training and inference. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization and batch sampling are used to learn from massive datasets.


We study one-dimensional systems constructed from a segment by employing the Cantor-set rule up to an arbitrary stage of self-similar patterns. The rigorous expression of the transfer matrix to describe the electromagnetic waves propagating through them is presented. As displayed by numerical demonstration, the transmission spectra change drastically with the increase of the stage. At rather high stages the periodicity hidden in the self-similarity comes out. This is the first theoretical description of sharp attenuation in the transmission spectrum of electromagnetic waves propagating through a fractal medium.


The harmonics in electromagnetic force are a source of mechanical vibration and audible noise in an asynchronous traction motor. This paper describes an approach to reduce the force harmonics by changing the rotor slot number. Both the radial and tangential forces acting on the stator teeth are calculated by Maxwell stress tensor and their time harmonics are examined by the discrete Fourier decomposition. As a result, the optimal slot number of the rotor to reduce or eliminate the specific force harmonics is determined.


Conjugated microporous polymers( CMPs) are a class of organic porous polymers that combine π-conjugated skeletons with permanent nanopores. It has attracted intensive attention due to well-controlled structure,high surface areas,and good physical and chemical stability. This article focuses on the CMPs molecular design principles and methods of preparation.


The paper provides statistical data on solar activity complexes (ACs) observed in solar cycle 21. From the synoptic charts for the 1976–1986 sunspot activity, we have detected the regions where the sunspot generation was observed at least through three Carrington Rotations (CRs). These regions were identified as AC cores. We have compiled an AC catalogue. ACs are shown to evolve quasi-periodically, in pulses that are 15–20 rotations long. We have analyzed the North-South asymmetry in the AC location. In cycle 21, 90 % of the proton flares that affected the natural environment are shown to have occurred in ACs. We note a tendency for AC activity to decrease, as well as the manifestation of the Gnevyshev—Ohl rule in AC properties, in solar cycles 21–24.


This article analyzes the main stages of formation and development of the Soviet national policy of the period of 1920-1930-ies. Learning of the national policy in the USSR has a great historiographical tradition which includes different stages. The article distinguishes 3 stages of Soviet historiography and presents their characteristics. It also highlights the current stage of the study of the national policy of the USSR, which is characterized by a departure from dogmatism and political bias, introduction of previously unavailable unpublished written sources into scientific circulation. Another characteristic feature of modern historiography is the emergence of local studies. As for foreign historiography, it, having more freedom in the interpretation of the facts, however, was also influenced by the ideas of opposition, inherent for the period of the "Cold war" for a long time. A large number of studies of Soviet national policy appeared during the USSR disintegration, which many authors considered as a consequence of the national policy of the USSR. Only in the last 30 years, foreign authors begin to aspire to reassessment of the prewar terminology and introduce new concepts into scientific turnover (for example, "the USSR as a communal apartment", "the USSR as an Empire of a affirmative nation", "National policy as a compromise between the elites of the center and the regions", etc ). The article notes that interest to the topic of Soviet national policy has slightly decreased in recent years. This topic is becoming less politically biased, which creates favorable conditions for joint research of Russian and foreign scientists.


Fixed-point theory has experienced quick improvement over the most recent quite a few years. The development has been firmly advanced by the vast number of utilizations in the existence theory of functional, fractional, differential, partial differential, and integral equations. Two fundamental theorems concerning fixed points are those of Schauder and of Banach. The Schauder's fixed point theorem, involving a compactness condition, may be stated as "if S is a closed convex and bounded subset of a Banach space X, then every completely continuous operator A : S → S has at least one fixed point". Note that an operator A on a Banach space X is called completely continuous if it is continuous and A(D) is totally bounded for any bounded subset D of X. Banach's fixed point theorem, involving a metric assumption on the mapping, states that "if X is complete metric space and if A is a contraction on X, then it has a unique fixed point, i.e., there is a unique point x∗ ∈ X such that Ax∗ = x∗. Moreover, the sequence Ax converges to x∗ for every x ∈ X,". The idea of the hybrid fixed point theorems, that is, a blend of the nonlinear contraction principle and Schauder's fixed-point theorem goes back to 1964, with Krasnoselskii [14], who still maintains an interest in the subject. He gave intriguing applications to differential equations by finding the existence of solutions under some hybrid conditions. Burton [4] extended Krasnoselskii's result for a wide class of operators in 1998. In 2013, Dhage [6] and Dhage and Lakshmikantham [7] proposed an important Krasnoselskii-type fixed-point


The pH of the medium during CO/sub 2/ uptake into the intracellular inorganic carbon (C/sub i/) pool of a high CO/sub 2/-requiring mutant (E/sub 4/) and wild type of Anacystis nidulans R2 was measured. Experiments were performed under conditions where photosynthetic CO/sub 2/ fixation is inhibited. There was an acidification of the medium during CO/sub 2/ uptake in the light and an alkalization during CO/sub 2/ efflux after darkening. A one to one stoichiometry existed between the amounts of H/sup +/ appearing in the medium and CO/sub 2/ taken up into the intracellular C/sub i/ pool, regardless of the carbon species transported. The results indicate that (a) CO/sub 2/ is taken up simultaneously with an efflux of equimolar H/sup +/, probably produced as a result of CO/sub 2/ hydration during transport and (b) HCO/sub 3//sup -/ produced by hydration of CO/sub 2/ in the medium was transported into the cells without accompanying net flux of H/sup +/ or OH/sup -/. The influx and efflux of C/sub i/ during C/sub i/ transport produced nonequilibrium between CO/sub 2/ and HCO/sub 3//sup -/ in the medium, with the concentration of HCO/sub 3//sup -/ being higher than that expected under equilibrium conditions. The nonequilibriummore » was present even under the conditions where the influx of C/sub i/ is compensated by its efflux. The direction of this nonequilibrium suggested that efflux of HCO/sub 3//sup -/ occurs during uptake of C/sub i/.« less


A multiband conformal fin-shaped antenna with parasitic element for vehicle communication devices is presented. The proposed antenna is small, fin-shaped for vehicle communication application. This structure includes a irregular-shaped microstripe with parasitic element on fin-shaped ABS metrical, generating multi-bands of about 350, 800, 1800 and 2400MHz. The obtained bandwidth covers UHF, CDMA, GSM, DCS1800, PCS1900 and WIFI bands. Details of proposed antenna design and experimental results are presented and discuss.


The basic function of an international airport is an aerodrome, provides not only the facilities for flights management, but also for customs and passport control. Nowadays, most of the international airports have established commercial outlets for food, products and services. As such, these airports are built with larger scale and more sophisticated on both infrastructure and infostructure which aim to be the most extensive air-travel service providers that connect the nations to the international gateways. Looking at the daily operations of an international airport, the energy consumption is apprehended to be enormous. Besides, knowing the fact that reliance on fossil fuels to power the airport buildings and to run the operations daily, this has led to many negative socioenvironmental implications. To date, some of the world major international airports have begun in renewable energy adoption-which mainly focused on solar energy as a way to reduce fossil energy consumption and towards greenhouse gases r...


Dispersions of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are crucial for nanodevices and polymer/CNTs nanocomposites. In this paper, stable and homogenous dispersions of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized. The factors influencing the dispersibility mechanism, including the surfactant concentration and the pH value, have been investigated. SEM images display the impurities sticking on MWCNTs which have been removed. The oxygen-containing groups on the surface of MWCNTs sample have been detected through FT-IR and Raman spectra. All experimental results illustrate that using fullerenols as surfactant can greatly improve the dispersibility of MWCNTs. Moreover, the prepared dispersions exhibit good stability that the sediment percentage of fullerenols-MWCNTs is only 5.2% after 5 days.


The present invention discloses a high-chromium cast iron Cr28 heat treatment method. The present invention is a high-chromium white cast iron Cr28 heated to 1000-1050 ℃, heat insulation 1.5-3h, then cooled to room temperature; and then heated to 710-730 ℃, Tempering Time 1.5-2h, cooled to room temperature; and then a second quenching and tempering twice, i.e., improve the service life to obtain a high-chromium white cast iron Cr28. After the process of the invention process is more refined grain cast iron Cr28, tissue alloy elements is more uniform, especially in the alloy of high hardness, high wear resistance particles changed from the shape of a strip of coarse spherical morphology, improved toughness, improved the service life.


The National Power Semiconductor Interagency/Utility Consortium has been formed to coordinate US research activities for development of materials and technologies related to high-power semiconductors. The history, activities, and investment strategy of this consortium are described briefly. The most promising power electronics devices considered by the consortium are discussed, leading to the conclusion that field-effect transistors and metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) controlled thyristors (MCTs) will eventually dominate power-switching applications. New packaging techniques are also presented, in which silicon is used to replace bulky ceramic insulators and copper contacts, an arrangement that promises to lower costs and weight while improving device performance and life. Finally, the authors review policy issues related to power semiconductor research and recommend that R&D in this field be treated as a leading national priority. >


A project at ABB CRC in Vasteras aims at investigating the use of an MPC algorithm as a control module in 800xA. For users to interact with such a controller, faceplates need to be designed. This report describes the process, and results of designing such faceplates using among other the ABB Graphics Builder application. The challenge with the design work was mainly to create new and unique components and layout that seem intuitive to the user and at the same time looks and works similar to existing standards. Most of the planned faceplates were created and are working as intended, although a few functions are left for future work.