POMs to over-the-counter medicines for sale through pharmacies occurs. His presentation was based on studies carried out by his own company and also by the market research company, Taylor Nelson. The switching of medicines from POM to P is not confined to the UK. Since 1982, 24 substances have been reclassified as pharmacy medicines in five European countries; these include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, topical antifungals, antihistamines, analgesics, etc. There have been more changes in the United Kingdom (20) than in the other countries; France and Germany (13); Italy (12); and Spain (5). Although the medical and paramedical professions tend to regard their clients as patients, rather than consumers, research has shown that consumers themselves place doctors low on their list of sources of advice for the treatment ofminor ailments. Only about one-fifth (22%) habitually go to the GP; 45% rarely treat symptoms of minor ailments, 24% normally purchase over-the-counter remedies and 9% use home remedies from supplies already in their homes. Mr Dudley then focused on the 24% of people who normally bought their own medicines. They tended to be independently minded, and keen on seeking information. They will try new brands of medicines, or they are loyal to brands which they know and trust; this latter group accounts for more than half (57%) of those who treat themselves. The combined effects of a limited segment of the population who treat themselves for minor ailments, loyalty to existing products and the convenience of purchasing GSL medicines means that only about 7% ofthe population are potential users ofa new over-the-counter medicine obtainable from pharmacies. The distribution of medicines in the UK means that over-the-counter medicines are readily available; 70% are sold through pharmacies and 30% through other outlets (GSL medicines through supermarkets, grocers, newsagents and others). Consumers regard convenience as an important factor in their decisions to purchase and this has an influence on their choice ofproducts. For example, the largest selling analgesic has 17% ofthe market with sales split 60: 40 between pharmacies and other outlets. However, it should be remembered that POM to P changes will invariably release medicines for sale only through pharmacies and, although pharmacists are one of the influences on consumer behaviour, 57% of people who enter a pharmacy for a medicine already know what product they intend to buy. Doctors also have an influence on over-the-counter medicines since research has shown that 63% of GPs recommend their patients who are not exempt from prescription charges to purchase a medicine from a pharmacy. The same research revealed that the majority ofpatients reacted favourably to such advice from their doctors, especially if the medicine which was recommended cost less than the prescription charge. Finally, 51% of doctors had no concerns about the competence of pharmacists in giving advice to patients about the treatment of minor ailments but some did have reservations about incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate treatment and the fact that major illness might be missed. POM to P switches of category bring the consumer a greater choice of medicines for self-medication, some ofwhich may be more effective and safer than many of the GSL medicines available in supermarkets and newsagents today. However, there is a perceived need for more information about medicines among doctors and pharmacists, as well as patients, and there needs to be a dialogue between doctors and pharmacists about medicines which are released from POM restrictions.


This paper explores the Late Photography of War created in the aftermath of conflict, violence, and atrocity and makes two claims. Firstly, it argues that the belatedness, absence, and ruin central to the Late Photography of War have the capacity to trouble the ethical viewing relations underscoring one of the dominant interpretive frameworks of war photography—that of pity. Rather than reproducing a familiar logic in which benevolent viewers are privileged over foreign landscapes and abject victims, these photographs foreground a more ambivalent set of viewing relations which elongates the moment of encounter between the viewer and the picture. Secondly, the paper explores this ambivalence through a common but unexamined motif in Late Photography: the juxtaposition of leisure and war. Focusing on the material detritus of leisure facilities that populate the photographs of Simon Norfolk and Angus Boulton (eg, bullet-marked hotels, wrecked swimming pools), the paper suggests that the tentative formations of solidarity between viewers and the ghosts populating these images constitute a provocative alternative viewing relation.


Background:-Assessment of patient satisfaction is beneficial as an indicator of care values provided by health care workers. Patient satisfaction is examined as a significant and valid measure of efficiency in health care service. Objective: This study aimed to assess the patients' satisfaction with care at selected dialysis unit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods:- the study was conducted in the capital city of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa at selected three government tertiary hospitals because maintenance of hemo-dialysis procedure is provided in these hospitals. Study design: facility based cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative mixed study design were employed on patients undergoing maintenance of hemo-dialysis care. The data was collected in a three selected dialysis units using a census method applied for quantitative approach to determine sample size because of few members of source population and snow ball sampling for qualitative method. The study carried out from May to June 2018. Participants: A total of 115 patients treated in hemo-dialysis unit. The primary outcome was patient with hemo dialysis care satisfaction with the overall care and secondary outcomes of individual aspect of hemo-dialysis care in patient experiences. Data collection & analysis procedure: Data was collected by structured pre tested questionnaire and in-depth interview and analyzed using Epi data and SPSS. Descriptive statistics, Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses was undertaken. Result:- A total of 113 participants were responding to questionnaire with response rate 98.3% from this 76(67.3%) were male. The overall satisfaction level was found to be 41.6%. Majority of the respondents (81.4%) were rated high nurses care on vascular access site and nurses advice on post dialysis results were rated very low (1.8%). The regression analysis shows that income, educational status, occupation and frequency of dialysis were predictors of the overall satisfaction score (p<0.05). Applying mixed methods of quantitative data was supported by qualitative method could cross check one another. Whereas limitation of the study was in fact studies conducted so far in Ethiopia in this topic are very limited therefore scarcity of literature to compare the finding in Ethiopian context was inadequate. Conclusion & Recommendation:- Only 41.6% participants were satisfied with the care provided in hemo-dialysis units. This shows that the level of patient satisfaction is severely deficient and recommended to work for the achievement of optimal health care outcome then subsequently increase patient satisfaction.


Introduction: Unlike the afferent system, there is a paucity of data regarding the role of efferent hearing system in different aspects of language processing such as phonological processing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efferent hearing system in children with phonological disorders. Materials and Methods: In this study, 20 children with normal hearing, of both genders, who aged between 5 and 8 years were divided in to two groups of children without phonological disorders (n = 11, comprising the control group) and those with phonological disorders (n = 9, serving as the study group). The study included only those children whose hearing thresholds were below or equal to 15 dB, had a type tympanometry and their acoustic reflexes were present. TEOAE and TEOAE suppression were carried out to evaluate the function of the medial olivocochlear system in both groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the analyzed frequencies when the control and study groups were compared according to the mean effects of suppressive TEOAE. Conclusion: Children with phonological disorders do not show any alterations in the medial olivocochlear system. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression, Medial olivocochlear bandle


A peroxide thermoplastic cured product containing butyl rubber, and a molded product prepared from the cured product are provided to improve recycling property and to use the cured product for manufacturing a molded product of high purity such as a condenser cap, a fuel cell part and a medical part. A peroxide thermoplastic cured product containing butyl rubber comprises a thermoplastic material; and 20-80 wt% of a nonhalogenated elastomer which comprises 3.5 mol% or more of a repeating unit derived from at least one kind of C4-C7 multiolefin monomer and a repeating unit derived from at least one kind of C4-C7 isomonoolefin monomer. Preferably the isomonoolefin monomer comprises isobutene; and the multiolefin monomer comprises isoprene.


Kipling indicates that The Jungle Books is a book for children in order to easily move it over grown-ups reason prohibitions. The delightful story tackles subjects at the level of children understanding, including a dose of exoticism demystified on the whole by a popular and literary humor of an old English origin. The Jungle Books reveals a world full range, without monotony and uniformity. Jungle life gets epic contours. The adventure takes place at the forest level, ruled by laws given by its creatures. In this context Mowgli, the young man raised by beasts and loved by them, was necessary to Kipling's idea of restoring order in nature.  Index Terms—animals, childhood, humor, nature I. INTRODUCTION For the child who grew-up in his British parents' bungalow, comfortable and civilized, with local ministers, at the margins of the jungle, India looks beautiful and mysterious. Nature with lush flora and fauna, with dangers watching everywhere, opened the child's heart to the fantasy world of stories. The Middle East made Rudyard Kipling a fabulous poet and a storyteller. At the people around, at the locals, he met the surface obedience necessary for the English master, which made him believe strongly in the mission of civilization to accept the English colonialism. The few years of college spent in England, between 1877 and 1882, at the United Services College in Devon, where he started his literary activity editing a literary magazine, only reinforced his idea, of the necessary human discipline could be brought only by the perfect organization, and the iron hand of England in the colonies. It is true that Kipling's love for India was genuine and deep, as evidenced by the dozens of books dedicated to people and places in this country of miracles and especially a number of critical implications for the English - we have seen in his books, even from the early career. But strong England, one that brings order and discipline in the chaos of India is forgiving in Kipling's eyes and this is crucial, not the behavior of individual mistakes in the English part. Naturally, when rebellions are large, armed interventions must restore everything. Thus, in the story The Undertakers in the Second Jungle Book the characters' memories refer to the great memories of the 1857 to the Indian revolt against the British, drowned in blood


Succinate is an intermediate metabolite in the Kreb cycle which accumulates in hypoxia. It is also becoming clear that succinate is active in signaling directly or indirectly affecting nuclear factor activity and gene expression. We hypothesize that the accumulation of succinate in cancer promotes more aggressive phenotypes by either increasing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) or driving hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) signaling. We further hypothesize that sirtuin3 (sirt3), an established tumor suppressor, counteracts succinate's push towards more malignant phenotypes and that the loss of sirt3 in certain tumors enhances the pro‐carcinogenic effects of succinate accumulation. In support of the hypothesis, we found that MDA‐MB‐231 (triple negative) and MCF7 (estrogen receptor positive, ER+) cell lines had increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) when treated with dimethyl succinate for two weeks. The rise in H2O2 levels was accompanied by a significant increase in cancer stem cell population particularly in MDA‐MB‐231. In addition, we found that sirt3 expression and activity are determinant of the effects of succinate in promoting cancer stem cell (more aggressive) phenotypes in MDA‐MB‐231. Together, our results indicate that the accumulation of succinate, which happens in hypoxia, promotes breast cancer phenotypes associated with treatment resistance, poorer patient outcomes and lower survival rates.


In contemporary Indian society, the working women's role is perceived just as an added role taken up by women necessitating accommodation and adjustment. The Indian social step up provides an important context for understanding the outcomes of employment for the adjustment level of married women. In the present study, an attempt was made to see the effect of work status and socio-economic status (SES), on adjustment problems of married women. Total 240 married women with equal number of working, non-working, low and high SES were selected as per requirements from Marathwada. The age level, educational status and nativity of the subjects were controlled to a certain extent i.e. age ranges between 25 and 45 years, educational status 10+ (school education) and all women belongs to urban population. The SES determined by their family income was assessed using socioeconomic scale (SES scale, Urban) and adjustment problems were measured using Bell adjustment inventory. 2 x 2 factorial design was employed to reach out the objectives of this study. Obtained data were analyzed using twoway ANOVA. Statistical analysis revealed that work status and SES are a significant factor to determine women's level of adjustment.


Recently researchers working in the LFG framework have proposed algorithms for taking advantage of the implicit context-free components of a unification grammar [Maxwell and Kaplan, 1996]. This paper clarifies the mathematical foundations of these techniques, provides a uniform framework in which they can be formally studied and eliminates the need for special purpose runtime datastructures recording ambiguity. The paper posits the identity: Ambiguous Feature Structures = Grammars, which states that (finitely) ambiguous representations are best seen as unification grammars of a certain type, here called "interactionfree" grammars, which generate in a backtrackfree way each of the feature structures subsumed by the ambiguous representation. This work extends a line of research [Billot and Lang, 1989; Lang, 1994] which stresses the connection between charts and grammars: a chart can be seen as a specialization of the reference grammar for a given input string. We show how this specialization grammar can be transformed into an interaction-free form which has the same practicality as a listing of the individual solutions, but is produced in less time and space.


In recent years the Web browser has increasingly becometargeted as an infection vector for vulnerable hosts. Classicservice-centric vulnerability exploitation required attackers toscan for and remotely connect to vulnerable hosts (typicallyservers) in order to exploit them. Unlike these, Web browservulnerabilities are commonly exploited when the user of thevulnerable host visits a malicious Web site.Attacks against Web browsers depend upon malicious con-tent being rendered by the appropriate built-in interpreter (e.g.,HTML, JavaScript, CSS, etc.) or vulnerable plug-in technol-ogy (e.g., Flash, QuickTime, Java, etc.) [1, 2]. Vulnerabilitieslying within these rendering technologies are then exposed toany exploit techniques or malicious code developed by the at-tacker. Vulnerability trend reports have indicated that remotelyexploitable vulnerabilities have been increasing since the year2000 and reached 89.4% of vulnerabilities reported in 2007[3]. A growing percentage of these remotely exploitable vul-nerabilities are associated with Web browsers.Profit motivated cyber-criminals have rapidly adopted Webbrowser exploitation as a key vector for malware installation.Due to the methodology of exploiting Web browser vulner-abilities and the unpredictable browsing patterns of typicalusers, for widespread infection of vulnerable hosts the crim-inals must seed a mix of popular and high-traffic websites, orincentivize users through email spam, with URLs directing po-tential victims to Web servers hosting their malicious content.The former method is commonly known as drive-by down-load, where "drive-by" refers to the fact that Web browsersmust initially navigate to a malicious page and "download"refers to the covertly downloaded and executed malware - typ-ically trojans.As popularity of this attack vector has blossomed, there havebeen frequent reports of hundreds of thousands of Web sitessuccumbing to mass-defacement [1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] - where the"defacement" often consists of an embedded iframe. Theseiframes typically inlcude content from servers hosting mali-cious JavaScript code designed to exploit vulnerabilities ac-cessible through the user's Web browser and subsequently toinitiate a drive-by malware download. These mass-defacements


Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of (5-methyl-2-thiophene-yl)methyl benzoate (8) produces in ca. 75% yield 2,5-dimethylene-2,3-dihydrothiophene, S-monomer (3). S-Monomer 3 is relatively stable dissolved in carbon disulfide−chloroform at −78 °C. The structure of 3 is confirmed by its spectral properties. When a 0.17 M solution of S-monomer 3 was allowed to warm to room temperature, SS-dimer 5 ([2,2](2,5)thiophenophane, 14.7%), SSS-trimer 7 ([2,2,2](2,5)thiophenophane, 44.3%), and polymer were produced. A small amount (<1%) of an SSSS-tetramer was detected by GC/MS. The mechanism proposed for the formation of these oligomers involves the combination of two molecules of 3 to give an intermediate diradical (11) that can close to form dimer 5 or react with additional molecules of 3 to form the higher oligomers. Evidence for the trapping of diradical 11 by 2,5-dimethylene-2,5-dihydrofuran (O-monomer 2) was obtained. Co-oligomerization of S-monomer 3 and O-monomer 2 gave four compounds containing the thiophene moiet...


Fourteen-year final report of the randomized PDRG-UK trial comparing three initial treatments in PD ![][1]

This large, randomized, controlled trial compared initial treatments in Parkinson disease. Compared to initial treatment with l-dopa, initial bromocriptine led to less motor improvement during the first years of treatment without conferring long-term advantages with respect to mortality, disability, motor complications, or quality of life.

See p. 474; Editorial, p. 470

Fatigue in levodopa-naive subjects with Parkinson disease

Fatigue is a frequent symptom early in the course of Parkinson disease that affects more than one-third of patients, limiting their quality …

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The role society plays in influencing the various paths and decisions we make as indi- viduals is unmistakable. The challenge lies in using our sociological imagination to recognize the impact society has on shaping the choices we make, no matter how personal those decisions appear to be. This paper explores the many ways in which sociological theory can be applied to what are typically considered to be very personal decisions: marriage and divorce. I explore my own journey in deciding to both get married and within the past year, to get divorced, through a sociological lens and investigate the ways in which society has influenced these very important life decisions.


The Chemical Manufacturers Electronic Directory of Trade Name Products on CD-ROM, priced at $195, is available from Synapse Information Resources, Inc. (1247 Taft Ave., Endicott, NY 13750, 607-748-4115, Toll Free 1-888-SYNCHEM, http://www.SynapseInfo.com, salesinfo@ SynapseInfo.com). Minimum system requirements include Intel 386 CPU, 4 MB RAM, and Windows 3.1. Recommended reqiurements include Intel Pentium, 16 MB RAM, and Windows 95, 98, or NT. This resource (henceforth "Trade Names") along with Specialty Chemicals Electronic Source Book on CD-ROM (henceforth "Specialty Chem"; previously reviewed, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. , 1998, 38, no. 4) and Industrial Chemical Additives Electronic Handbook 1998 Edition (henceforth "Additives") constitute a related cluster of databases. The 1998 edition of "Trade Names" will be released in February 1999. All of the databases are updated in regular fashion the 1998 edition of "Specialty Chem" has already been released. As with "Specialty Chem", navigation in "Trade Names" is quite facile and well described. An extensive table of contents and user guide is always available in the left-hand window of the screen. Several indexes are available for searching, including CAS Registry Numbers, a comprehensive index with ca. 57K trade names, and a manufacturers directory with ca. 2200 listings. Another indexes lists and defines a large number of abbreviations used in the file. Structure searching is not possible, but this is less of a problem because the compounds covered often have indefinite or unknown structures. As an example, sources and descriptions of polymers are generally less available from traditional sources than for monomeric chemicals. Searching "Trade Names" for "polybutene" retrieves five hits including those shown below from Collaborative Labs and Amoco Chemicals. Additional data in these listings appears in a variety of colors, each color corresponding to a separate index or crossreference. For example, clicking on a manufacturer's name displays the directory listing for that company. Clicking on the underlined synonym (in this case, polybutene) will call up the polybutene monograph in "Specialty Chem", described in the previous review. However, both "Trade Names" and "Specialty Chem" must be installed on the hard drive of the user's computer, or the "Specialty Chem" CD must be placed in the CD drive. As reviewed previously, "Specialty Chem" provides more extensive monographs for ca. 8000 specialty chemicals. Therefore, both "Trade Names" and "Additives" are most effectively used in combination with "Specialty Chem". However, although "Specialty Chem" has a large number of trade name synonyms, "Trade Names" lists even more. In addition, "Trade Names" lists a large number of proprietary compositions and mixtures that are not listed as such in "Specialty Chem". For example, note the Collaborative Labs products shown above. Monographs for both of the components of Polyfix, polydecene and polybutene, can be found in "Specialty Chem", but the listing for the Polyfix product, a mixture or formulation, appears in "Trade Names". Even obscure trade products can be identified by producer, use, and often by composition or components. For users who need information on materials and practical applications, especially those with unfamiliar or obscure trade names, "Trade Names" is a valuable resource, especially at the price. "Trade Names" is especially valuable when used in conjunction with its "sister" products as described above.


The aim of this paper was to review the literature data regarding the physico-chemical characteristic of plastic pollutants discharged with municipal sewage, the practical possibility of removing microplastic particles from wastewater during different treatment steps in WWTPs and the problem of surface water contamination within them. Microplastics (the size range of 1 nm to < 5 mm), have been recognized as an emerging threat, as well as an ecotoxicological and ecological risk for water ecosystems. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are mentioned as the main point sources of microplastics in an aquatic environment. Microplastic particles can be effectively removed in the primary treatment zones via solids skimming and sludge settling processes. Different tertiary treatment processes such as: gravity sand filtration, discfilter, air flotation and membrane filtration provide substantial additional removal of microplastics, and the efficiency of wastewater treatment process can be at a removal level of 99.9%. Nevertheless, given the large volumes of effluent constantly discharged to receivers, even tertiary level WWTPs may constitute a considerable source of microplastics in the surface water.


Mikhail Gershenzon, a literary critic, historian, and social thinker of the beginning of the twentieth century in Russia, is considered even today "a major historical figure of the late tsarist and early Soviet periods" 1, who belongs to the most creative minds of twentieth century in Russia.1 2 *"A philosopher and literary critic of the highest standing, a philosopher among critics and a critic among philosophers"-1, Gershenzon concentrated on theological and philosophical problems at the end of his life. However, he expressed his philosophical views in many of his works that are not of a philosophical character but often directly influenced the treatment of the subject he discussed.


We construct the Korteweg-de Vries equation (pKdV) as an infi- nite dimensional Hamiltonian system. In particular, this result is derived con- sequently from the fact that the pKdV's dynamical system exists in a weak symplectic manifold (s,T,!).


Despite increased legislative, political and social support for extended public engagement in environmental assessment, questions remain over the best means to integrate more analytic-deliberative processes within extended and fragmented decision-making frameworks. Using evidence from waste management decision-making in Britain this paper discusses institutional, cultural and technical barriers to effective integration of analysis and deliberation. The barriers are seen to limit effective participation intra decisions but particularly inter-decisions and hence to limit public impact on assessments and achievement of consensus on the optimum integrated waste management strategies. Institutional, technical and cultural barriers to effective process are discussed that compound the problems of enhancing public participation and promote maintenance of the status quo. Thus, environmental assessment still largely proceeds in advance of discussion with the public rather than through discussion with them.


AIM To explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) mediators in seizure behavior and the related expression of interlukin 6(IL 6). METHODS The IL 6 immunoreactivity (IL 6 ir) and behaviour were observed in kainic acid (KA) induced seizure following pretreatment with L nitroarginine( L NNA), a inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase(NOS), or the same number of moles of L arginine( L Arg). RESULTS The results showed that time dependent seizures were induced on animals after administration of KA (10 mg·kg -1 ), accompanied by the immediate enhancement of IL 6 ir in hippocampal structure, piriform area and cortex. The behaviors of rats were not markedly altered by chronic pretreatment with L NNA (50 mg·kg -1 ) or L Arg (40 mg·kg -1 ). However, after the administration of KA, the seizure behaviors were obviously different in the group of L NNA and L Arg respectively. Seizure was agrevated in the animals with L NNA pretreatment and many rats died at KA 3 hours, whereas seizure was alleviated after KA in the group of L Arg. IL 6 expression was apparently up regulated in some brain areas such as hippocampus in the group of KA pretreated with L NNA, but opposite effects appeared in the group pretreated with L Arg before KA injection. CONCLUSION These results indicate that endogenous NO mediators may alleviate the seizure behaviors and may down regulated the early expression of IL 6 in KA challenged seizure, but it the mechanism of the early expression of IL 6 with the homeostasis of endogenous NO mediator merits further study.nismofthe
earlyexpressionofIL 6withthehome


Background: Deep neck flexor (DNF) muscles assist in stabilising the cervical spine during gross neck movements. Patients with neck pain often exhibit reduced deep neck flexor muscle endurance. Aims: This study's primary purpose was to determine the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of measurements obtained using a simple clinical test of DNF muscle endurance in a healthy Indian population. The secondary purpose was to determine and compare the average hold time for deep neck flexor muscle endurance in healthy male and female participants, to add to the body of knowledge around deep neck flexor muscle endurance testing. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 participants (30 male, 30 female) were evaluated using a deep neck flexor endurance test, which involved them lifting their head while maintaining their craniocervical region in a flexed position. Deep neck flexor endurance was measured by two physiotherapists. Each tester measured the DNF hold time of each participant twice, and there was a 5-minute rest between trials. Results: Inter-rater reliability was moderate to good (ICC = 0.69–0.88) and intra-rater reliability was good to excellent (ICC = 0.82–0.93). Neck flexor endurance time was significantly greater in males (mean = 63.73 seconds; SD = 20.27 seconds) than females (mean = 38.43 seconds, SD = 11.71 seconds, (F = 72.89, P<0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that healthy males have greater deep neck flexor endurance than females. This is the first normative data available that reports on deep neck flexor endurance in healthy Indian adults.


Quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolation system is composed of positive stiffness structure and negative stiffness structure. It can obtain high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness near the static equilibrium position. The benefits of the QZS technology are to realize the low frequency vibration control and solve the contradiction of low natural frequency and small static deformation. In this paper, the research progress for QZS technology in recent years are introduced, and the outlooks are also proposed.


To speak of the 'future' of strategy is to reveal a deep tension in the way we commonly think about the subject. On the one hand we are confronted by revolutionary changes in the geo-political landscape. The transformation of Europe, the fragmentation of the Soviet Union, and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, for example, encourage the belief that the Cold War—a term which has been almost synonymous with-strategy for nearly half a century—is now an historical artifact. These events, analyzed so intensively by leaders and commentators, open up significant questions about the future of strategy.


The five "symmetry-conditions" to be met by a non-symmetrical Watt-1 linkage, producing a symmetrical curve, may be derived through a cognate-transfiguration of a symmetrically driven Peaucellier-Lipkin cell (see Figs. 68). A further derivation shows that such a curve may also be produced by a Watt-1 linkage containing a "kite-cell" that exists of a 4-bar kite with two isosceles similar triangles attached to adjacent sides of the kite. Such a kite-cell transforms a circle as well as a symmetrical 4-bar coupler curve into a symmetrical 6-bar Watt-1 curve of order 8 (see Figs. 9, 10). 1. General Introduction


We studied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CH4 and N2O), agronomic performance and soil conditions in a grassland on an inverted peat soil that was earlier cultivated and tile-drained, and compared it with grassland on conventionally tile-drained peat. A neighbouring undrained peat was used as a reference for GHG emissions. Preliminary results (2-year field data) revealed reduced GHG emissions from the inverted peat relative to the tile-drained peat, mainly caused by lower CH4 emissions. Our data suggest that peat inversion can improve the agronomic feasibility of forage production in cool-moist areas with abundant organic soils, and can offer a way of agronomic adaptation to a climate with increased precipitation. At the same time it may reduce the GHG footprint of forage production.


We are in the midst of a revolution in military affairs (RMA) unlike any seen since the Napoleonic Age, when France transformed warfare with the concept of levŽe en masse. Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Jay Johnson has called it "a fundamental shift from what we call platform-centric warfare to something we call network-centric warfare," and it will prove to be the most important RMA in the past 200 years.


Stress singularities occur at crack tips, corners and material interfaces. The stress intensity factors and T-stresses are coefficients of structural components where the active stress singular and first regular stress terms, respectively, are denoted by William's eigen function expansion series. A finite element analysis by CASTEM 2000 have been undertaken in order to determine the evolution of the T-stress and stress intensity factor terms in mode I for an arc of pipeline specimens with an external surface crack. A stress difference method described by Moustabchir et al. (2012) are adapted and, in the following step, the volumetric method is then embedded to compute the SIFs and T-stress near the crack tip. Different crack geometries combined with different length-to-thickness ratios are examined for the T-stress and stress-intensity factor. The revisited stress difference method employed here shows to be an accurate and robust scheme for evaluating the T-stress/SIFs in an arc of the pipeline.


TURLAND, N. J., 1992. Floristic notes from Crete. Phytogeographical and ecological notes are given for 24 taxa of vascular plants occurring on the south Aegean island of Crete. These cover infrequent, localized and endemic species and include five new records: Daphne gnidioides, D.jasminea, Fraxinus ornus, Hemarthria altissima and Teline monspessulana. The occurrence of Orobanche lavandulacea and Ranunculus velutinus is confirmed. A second site is reported for the extremely rare endemic Convolvulus argyrothamnos and additional sites for a number of other localized endemics are provided.


For evaluating and ranking variant solutions of organizational and technological systems, the paper presents two models of which the basic difference is whether criteria for variants evaluation and ranking are predetermined or not. The model choice depends on the evaluation and ranking purpose as well as on a particular case itself. The procedure of evaluating and ranking variant solutions in the phases of design and redesign is extremely complex and implies solving a sequence of specific problems depending on the evaluation purpose. The paper presents the solving of specific problems such as: reaching the system characteristics quantification, great number of evaluation criteria, great number of variants and ranking (especially multicriteria ranking).


ABSTRACT The flat, low-lying northern Yucatan Peninsula is composed of extensive outcrops of Tertiary limestone. Elevations range from sea-level to about 50 m. Areas of thin soil cover are interspersed with bare limestone outcrops. The area receives between 500 and 1500 mm of rainfall per year, but the high porosity and permeability coupled with thin soil cover cause the potentiometric surface to be only a few meters above sea-level throughout most of the area. Chemical character of the ground-water is controlled regionally by solution of carbonate and sulfate minerals and by mixing with a body of salt water that is believed to be a few tens of meters below land surface throughout the area studied. Contamination by sewage may also be locally important. This article also discusses aspects of ancient Mayan water systems and the importance of water in the Mayan culture. Present-day water systems and some problems of salt water and sewage contamination are described.


Writing research article is one of requirement for a student�s university to be fulfilled before graduate. However, writing research article is not easy for the student. This research aimed to find out the difficulties in writing research article, the cause of the difficulties in writing research article and the way to overcome the difficulties in writing research article. The respondents of this research were 4 fresh graduate students who graduated in 2020 and the data ware obtained through interview. This research used descriptive qualitative method by using the procedures from Miles and Huberman (1994). The result of this study shows that the difficulties in writing research article were in finding references and struggle in using correct grammar, the worry about feedback from the readers was the cause of the difficulties and the fresh graduate had their own solution to overcome the difficulties in writing research article. In conclusion, the fresh graduate of the English Education Study Program of Bengkulu University faced various difficulties in writing research article and had cause of the difficulties in writing research article, but they had solution to deal with such difficulties.


We provide an abstract categorical framework that relates the Cuntz semigroups of the C$^*$-algebras $A$ and $A\otimes \mathcal{K}$. This is done through a certain completion of ordered monoids by adding suprema of countable ascending sequences. Our construction is rather explicit and we show it is functorial and unique up to isomorphism. This approach is used in some applications to compute the stabilized Cuntz semigroup of certain C$^*$-algebras.


A high-temperature engineering test reactor ( HTTR ) has a reactivity control system which is ac-companied with a reserved shutdown system ( RSS ) . The RSS consists of B 4 C / C pellets, a guide tube, an electric plug, a motor which contains a brake and reducer, and so on. In accidents when the control rods cannot be inserted, the electric plug is pulled out by the motor and the B 4 C / C pellets fall into the core by gravity. It was revealed that the motor in the RSS drive mechanism did not work as the result of pre-start-up checks as described in the following: ( 1 ) The oil which separated from the grease of the motor reducer flowed down from the gap of the oil seal, ( 2 ) the separated oil penetrated into the brake, ( 3 ) the penetrated oil mixed with the abrasive powder released from the brake disk, and final-ly, ( 4 ) the adhesive mixture blocked the rotation of the motor. A new evaluation method was proposed to detect signs of the motor sticking. Through the overhaul inspection of all RSS drive mechanisms of an HTTR, it was revealed that the proposed method was effective to evaluate the integrity of the RSS drive mechanism. るとともに,運転時の異常な過渡変化時および事故時に安


On the real line, the Dunkl operators are differential-difference operators associated with the reflection group ℤ2 on ℝ. In this paper, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on the parameters for the boundedness of the fractional maximal operator associated with the Dunkl operator on ℝ from the spaces L p,α(ℝ) to the spaces L q,α(ℝ) and from the spaces L 1,α(ℝ) to the weak spaces WL q,α(ℝ).


Introduction Increasing evidence suggests that metformin may be beneficial in the primary prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) and a dose–response relationship has been reported. However, a long-term epidemiologic observation between treatment period, cumulative dose, and intensity of metformin and CRC is rarely reported. The aim of this study is Material and methods The dataset used for this nationwide population-based study is a cohort of 1,000,000 subjects randomly sampled from individuals enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance system. The subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) between 1997 and 2007 were enrolled. A statistical algorithm, including the demographic data, treatment period, cumulative dose and intensity of metformin use, was compared between patients developing CRC and those without CRC. Results and discussions 47 597 subjects were included in this study. The mean follow-time was 7.17±3.21 years. After adjustment, the utilisation of metformin was an independent protecting factor of CRC development (p<0.001). Although the protecting ability of for CRC development reduced during long-term therapy, the risk of developing CRC decreased progressively with either the higher cumulative dose or the higher intensity of metformin use (both p<0.001). Conclusion This study revealed that the use of metformin significantly decreased the risk of CRC development in a dose-dependent manner in patients with type 2 DM in Taiwanese population. However, a gradual decline in medication adherence may reduce the protecting ability of metformin for CRC development during long-term therapy.


Objective To discuss the effect of intermittent catheterization and glycerin enema on urinary retention after removal of catheter for patients with spinal surgery.Methods 52 cases with urinary retention after removal of catheter were randomly divided into control group(n=24) and experimental group(n=28).Conventional methods were applied in control group while in experimental group,after the failure of inducing urination,joint measures including glycerin enema and intermittent catheterization were taken.Catheter would be re-indwelled once joint measures were in vain.Cases of autonomous urination after inducing urination and cases of autonomous urination with the treatment of urinary retention 12 h after removal of catheter were compared.Results There was no statistical significance of the comparison of cases of autonomous urination in two groups(P0.05),while there were more cases of autonomous urination in experimental group than in control group after the treatment of urination retention 12 h after the removal of catheter,the comparison of which was of statistical significance(P0.01).Conclusion For patients with spinal surgery,joint measures including intermittent catheterization and non-retention enema with small amount of glycerin after removal of catheter could enhance autonomous urination as early as possible.


Thin organic-inorganic silica hybrid films providing good corrosion protection to metals were prepared using a chromium-free aqueous coating solution derived from silanes. The coating solution was prepared by optimizing the molar ratio of tetraethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane and acetic acid in water. The organic-inorganic silica hybrid films gave excellent corrosion protection to Zn-plating. Clear and homogeneous silica aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan), methyltriethox- ysilane (MTES) (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan) and acetic acid (AcOH) into water in various ratios under the ambient atmosphere as shown in Figure 1. The so- lutions were heated and concentrated at 70-80 °C to evaporate ethanol generated by hydrolysis of silanes. Coating films were prepared by dip-coating (withdrawal speed: 6.0 mm/s) on Zn-plated SPCC after soaking in the solutions for 1 min. The films were dried at room tem- perature for 24 h. 2.2. Evaluation of coating films The adhesion performance of the films prepared on Zn-plating was evaluated by the tape peeling test accord- ing to the Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS H 8504. The corrosion protection performance of the films was evaluated by salt spray testing (SST) using 5 % NaCl so- lution at 35 °C according to JIS Z 2371. The presence of white zinc hydroxide rust was judged after 72 h spray- ing for the films prepared on Zn-plating. To determine the relation beween the composition of the film and the factors giving corrosion protection, the surface of the films was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (AXIS-HSi, Shimadzu/KRATOS, Kyoto, Japan). Morphology of the films was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (JSM-6300F, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).


A cotton holding device for a cotton boll shucker comprises a cotton holding needle roller taking the shape of a cylinder or an annular belt, N (N is larger than one) annular needle belts are arranged on the cotton holding needle roller, the width A of each needle belt is 2 to 30mm, the needle belts are arranged in a spaced manner, and the space between each two adjacent needle belts is larger than 10mm. The cotton holding device can efficiently hold the cotton for facilitating shuck combing and protecting the cotton fiber from breakage; and the cotton holding needle belts can firmly hold the cotton under reasonable width and obliquity, thus the cotton fiber can be better protected when the cotton boll passes comb teeth.


Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disturbance of haematopoietic cells characterized by abnormal and overstated production of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Other disease features include splenomegaly, thrombohemorrhagic complications, vasomotor disturbances, pruritus and a small risk of disease progression into acute myeloid leukemia or myelofibrosis. Thrombosis is the presenting symptom in 20% of patients with PV. It is a rare disease with an incidence of 2.3/100.000 people per year, and is even more uncommon in children and adolescents. We present a case report of a fourteen-year-old years old adolescent with clinical and laboratorial findings suggestive of polycythemia vera. Treatment with alpha-interferon was initiated. Erythrocyte and platelet count are now in the normal range. The authors make, in the context of this case report, a brief review of the criteria for the differential diagnosis of reactive thrombocytosis and myeloproliferative diseases, manifestations and treatment options.


In patients with peripheral arterial disease, limitation of exercise capacity will reduce the level of everyday physical activity and affect the quality of life. This study was designed (1) to examine the health-related quality of life of patients with intermittent claudication, and (2) to verify whether treadmill performance is related to the patient's perceived ability to function in the community. In 251 patients with intermittent claudication and 89 matched normal subjects, quality of life was assessed by a general health index questionnaire, the McMaster Health Index Questionnaire (MHIQ), which covers three dimensions of life (physical, social and emotional function). The maximal walking capacity of intermittent claudication patients was measured by the treadmill test. When controls were compared to intermittent claudication patients using the MHIQ, it was found that intermittent claudication patients showed a significant (p<0.01) impairment of 'general health' and lower scores for physical (0.90±0.17 vs 0.65±0.17; p<0.01), social (0.71±0.11 vs 0.63±0.12; p<0.01) and emotional (0.75±0.17 vs 0.65±0.15; p<0.01) function. Age, gender and work status had a significant impact upon health scores in several areas. Treadmill performance did not correlate with social or emotional function, whereas there was a small but significant relationship between maximal walking capacity and physical function scores (r=0.197; p<0.01). This study suggests that impairment in quality of life experience by patients with intermittent claudication poorly correlates with the reduced exercised capacity assessed by the treadmill test. Therefore, the evaluation of medical and surgical treatment of intermittent claudication should include the administration of a questionnaire for quality of life assessment.


One of the striking features of Kerala state is the continuous chain of lagoons or backwaters existing along the coastal region. The backwaters support rich and diverse life forms and provide crucial nurseries for shrimps and fishes as well as habitat for oysters, clams and mussels which later enrich the ocean and make Kerala the principal exporter of marine products amongst the states of India. The shallow fringes of the backwaters and the channels drawn from them are used for retting of coconut husk. It adversely affects the productivity of the backwaters and is harmful to marine fisheries. The retting of coconut husks in backwaters is brought about by the pectinolytic activity of micro organisms especially bacteria fungi and yeasts degrading the fibre binding materials of the husk and liberating large quantities of organic matter and chemicals into the environment, including pectin, pentosan, tannins, polyphenols, etc. Consequently hydrogen sulphide, phosphate and nitrate contents increase while dissol...


The Confucian school of thought has more than two thousand years of history. It is one of the dominant cultural underpinnings of East Asia countries, however its survival is uncertain in this age of globalization. The impact on the computer savvy young generation is especially alarming as reflected by the social problems resulted from weakening family ties in Asia. As an attempt to preserve and promote traditional Chinese culture among the young generation, and to facilitate cultural communication between the older and younger generations, a novel interactive system, Confucius Chat, is designed and developed. It uses new media to revive and model Confucian philosophy and engages users to experience traditional Chinese culture through interactive conversation with a virtual Confucius.


We report a deep search for HI 21cm emission from the z = 0.00632 sub-DLA toward PG1216+069 with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. No emission was detected and our 5σ upper limit on the mass of any associated galaxy is MHI 107 M , nearly 3 orders of magnitude less than M HI. The z ∼ 0.006 absorber is thus the most extreme known deviation from the standard paradigm in which high column density quasar absorption lines arise in the disks of gas-rich galaxies.


The information contained in an n-dimensional (nD) density matrix ρ is parametrized and interpreted in terms of its asymmetry properties through the introduction of a family of components of purity that are invariant with respect to arbitrary rotations of the nD Cartesian reference frame and that are composed of two categories of meaningful parameters of different physical nature: the indices of population asymmetry and the intrinsic coherences. It is found that the components of purity coincide, up to respective simple coefficients, with the intrinsic Stokes parameters, which are also introduced in this work, and that determine two complementary sources of purity, namely the population asymmetry and the correlation asymmetry, whose weighted square average equals the overall degree of purity of ρ. A discriminating decomposition of ρ as a convex sum of three density matrices, viz. the pure, the fully random (maximally mixed) and the discriminating component, is introduced, which allows for the definition of the degree of nonregularity of ρ as the distance from ρ to a density matrix of a system composed of a pure component and a set of 2D, 3D,… and nD maximally mixed components. The chiral properties of a state ρ are analyzed and characterized from its intimate link to the degree of correlation asymmetry. The results presented constitute a generalization to nD systems of those established and exploited for polarization density matrices in a series of previous works.


Sorption coefficients of Am(III) and Cm(III) on kaolinite were determined at pH from 3.5 to 10 and humic acid (HA) concentrations of 0 to 20 ppm at ionic strength of 0.1 M (NaClO4) at 298 K with N2 bubbling. The sorption ratio of HA on kaolinite was also measured under the same experimental conditions. The sorption coefficients of Am(III) and Cm(III) in the absence of HA increased with pH over the whole pH range. The presence of HA enhanced sorption coefficients at pH values up to around 5, above which the sorption coefficients were lowered by introducing HA. The effects of HA on sorption coefficients were interpreted by the use of a linear additive model, modified for metal-humate complex formation in the aqueous phase. The model was found to be in fairly good agreement with the experimental data.


In this paper,a dynamic voltage restorer based on common DC voltage link cascaded superconducting magnetic energy storage system is constructed for the first time.Due to the feature that the DC link voltage of voltage type superconducting magnetic energy storage system is controllable,a minimum energy control scheme based on DC link voltage control is proposed.By means of controlling the amplitude of DC link voltage,the proposed scheme realizes the active power transmission from power network via 12-pulse diode rectifier to the dc link,thus the active power demand for the chopper provided by superconducting coil is reduced,By this way,the stored energy in superconducting magnet is reduced and the compensation time for voltage sag is protracted.Meanwhile,an integrated design of control system is carried out,so the minimum energy control and the compensation of voltage sag are implemented.Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is feasible.


The author of the article rises the problem of human unity in Mavlono Jaloluddini Rumi and Goaete's creations. Mavlono Jaloluddini Rumi was the greatest poet, a philosopher, a famous Persian scientist of his time and Goate was the unique poet of the west. In their masterpieces the conception of equality of a human being is considered to be the main aim for them.


The graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) monomer onto polyethylene-coated polypropylene (PE-co-PP) nonwoven fabric was carried out by the mutual irradiation method. The general peculiarities of the grafting have been studied by gravimetric, scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical properties, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) methods. The influence of absorbed dose, dose rate, as well as the monomer concentration on the degree of grafting has been determined. Metal ions uptake of Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+ by the grafted fabrics was evaluated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3240–3245, 2006


ABSTRACT This article compares the treatment of memory and the transmission of memory in Yamina Benguigui's Mémoires d'immigrés: l'héritage maghrébin (1997) with the treatment of these themes in five other documentaries directed by Maghrebi-French women—all of which were released after Mémoires d'immigrés: Yasmina Kherfi's Mes voisines mes copines (2002), Djamila Sfaxi's À ma mère (2003), Rahma Benhamou El Madani's Du côté de chez soi (2003), Soraya Nini's 24 heures dans la Life de ma mère (2007) and Fatima Sissani's La langue de Zahra (2011). It argues that in contrast to Benguigui's foregrounding of collective experiences of Maghrebi migrant women in Mémoires d'immigrés, these five documentaries highlight the specificity of the memories and experiences of the directors' mothers and in doing so problematize the very idea that there exists a collective trajectory or set of experiences with regard to Maghrebi migrants in France. When considered together, these films reflect a shift away from the universalizing and collective view of Maghrebi migration that is set forth in Benguigui's documentary.


The focus here is on die relation of informatic systems to intellectual capital in work organisations. Intellectual capital is frequently viewed as having several ingredient capitals, for example: human capital, internal structure capital, external structure/customer capital, and innovation capital (for example, Edvinsson & Malone, 1997). Edvinsson and Sullivan define intellectual capital as knowledge that can be converted into value (1996: 358). I argue mat intellectual capital in organisations and other collectivities includes three sets of assets: core capitals of organisational actors, communication capital, and community or social capital. Informatic systems enhance intellectual capital by facilitating the development and use of core knowledge and motivation capitals and the communication and community capitals that are the principal ingredients of intellectual capital as viewed here. Defining the relatively hidden assets of knowledge, motivation, communication, and communities of practice as capital that is essential to the competitive advantages and other successes of organisations underscores the fiduciary responsibility of organisational actors, executives and managers, system designers and operators, and, ultimately, all stakeholders to empower, encourage, and reward value-adding intellectual capital in organisations. The intellectual capital perspective provides a way to conceptualise the always present and often hidden factors which need to be designed, developed, renewed, and otherwise managed in socio-technical systems. The general idea of intellectual capital applies to collectivities of any scale or scope, from small groups through work enterprises to settlements, communities, and whole nations.


Gary K. Meffe and C. Ronald Carroll's encyclopedic Principles o f Conservation Biology (Sunderland: Sinauer, 1994) ends on a note of cautious optimism about the future of conservation. Part of the reason for optimism, as Frederick Ferr~ argues in his contribution to the book, is that a "pos tmodern world" is in the process of being born and that it is "organized around the ideas and attitudes of ecology, the bel lwether of pos tmodern science" (p. 533). Modernist science, according to FerrY, stressed quantity over quality, endorsed reductionism, and rejected teleology or mind in nature. Ecology, on the other hand, is allegedly "rooted in the recognition of quality" (p. 532) and rejects reductionism insofar as ecology treats ecosystems as interconnected wholes. Ferr~ stops short of claiming teleology and mentality for ecosystems. Because of its ecological origin, f rom this point of view, the pos tmodern world will try to undo the harm to biodiversity and to the environment that has ocurred during modernism. Given the current fashion for postmodernism in literary criticism and some other areas of cultural studies, it is hardly surprising that its impact is also felt in conservation studies. The journal Environmental Ethics, which is the dominant one in that field, has routinely published pieces from an explicitly pos tmodern point of view, though there is little agreement about what that view exactly entails. It rejects modernism, but there is also little agreement about what constitutes that doctrine. Certainly, neither FerrY's definition of modernism nor his account of postmodernism is standard. Postmodern Environmental Ethics is a collection of 15 pieces previously published in Environmental Ethics. The editor wisely opted for variety rather than a set of articles that would present a consistent, let alone unified, v iew of a single pos tmodern position. The contributions range from Jim Cheney's influential a t tempt to defme p o s t m o d e m ethics as bioregional narratives, which he traces back to Aldo Leopold's land ethic, to John Cobb Jr. 's at tempt to recover environmental concerns from Christian texts. Among the more important pieces that are reprinted are Ariel Salleh's ecofeminist critique of deep ecology and J. Baird Callicott's overview and defense of Native American attitudes to the environment. There is some dialog: Mick Smith, for instance, provides an incisive criticim of Cheney 's version of pos tmodemism. However, there is no defense of deep ecology to counteract Salleh, and Callicott's sweeping generalizations about Native Americans go unchallenged. Michael Zimmerman, meanwhile, develops Callicott's rather quixotic view (to say the least) that quantum mechanics, and the kind of holism it entails, provides a basis for environmental ethics. Though the editor has organized the papers into three sections, there is little coherence within them. Strangely, only four pieces, by Cheney, Smith, Robert Froderman, and Peter Quigly explicitly discuss postmodernism. Those w h o are interested in environmental ethics may' fred some of the pieces in this book useful. There is little here to interest those who are concerned more directly with conservation biology. Reinventing Nature? is a set of articles responding to and, wi th one partial exception, a piece by N. Katherine Hayles, rejecting what the editors call "pos tmodem deconstruction." Not a single piece explains how postmodemism in general is distinguished f rom its deconstructionist version. If the editor 's own contributions are taken to be definitive, in the sense of defining what they object to, any of the at tempts to question the conventional conservationist dogmas, which Soul6 has consistently championed since the early 1980s, falls under the rubric of p o s t m o d e m deconstruction. Soul6's piece, with which the book concludes, lumps together the wise-use and pro-development movements , ecofeminism, animal liberation, and social ecology. These may well be all equally objectionable f rom a conservationist viewpoint but it is hard to see h o w they can all be regarded as variants of the literary and cultural schools that call themselves postmodem. A particular target is Donna Haraway who, somewhat inaccurately, is lumped together with the social constructivists, the most fashionable of w h o m reject any talk of science as describing "real" objects or processes. Because the work by Haraway that is targeted remains unpublished, it is currently impossible to judge the cogency of Lease's and Soul6's criticisms. Leaving aside this general theoretical concern about the focus of the book, Soul6's piece is very useflfl as both a defense of


This paper presents the manufacturing and characterization results of biomimetic shaped thin film batteries (TFB). The final structures presented a total mass of approximately 60mg per cm² of active area, with a mean overall thickness of 100µm. Experimental results of TFB cycling at different C rates showed almost no capacity fade for current densities between 0.5 and 10mA, leading to surface energy densities as high as 0.15 mWh.cm−2 and power densities up to 5mW.cm−2.The achieved electrochemical results are among the highest values reported in the literature for such miniaturized energy devices, which will contribute to bring new solutions for powering MEMS actuation based micro/nanorobotics.


The invention discloses a reminder which can effectively prevent an infant from being left in an automobile to eliminate the occurrence of the life-safety accident of the infant to be treated. One technical proposal of the reminder comprises an infant sensor, a driver sensor, a reminding identification circuit and an alarm circuit, wherein, the reminding identification circuit can receive the sense signals sent by the infant sensor and the driver sensor, and once a driver leaves the driver seat and the infant is stilled left on the driver seat, the reminding identification circuit sends alarm command to the alarm circuit; the other technical proposal of the reminder comprises a driver sensor, a reminding identification circuit, an alarm circuit and a switch, wherein, the switch is connected with the reminding identification circuit, the reminding identification circuit can receive the sense signals sent by the driver sensor, and once the driver leaves the driver seat, the reminding identification circuit commands the alarm circuit to send alarm signals.


New convolution identities for orthogonal polynomials belonging to the q = −1 analog of the Askey-scheme are obtained. Specialization of the Chihara polynomials will play a central role as the eigenfunctions of a special element of the Lie superalgebra osp(1|2) in the positive discrete series representation. Using the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, a convolution identity for the specialized Chihara, the dual -1 Hahn and the Big -1 Jacobi polynomials are found. Using the Racah coefficients, a convolution identity for the Big -1 Jacobi and the Bannai-Ito polynomials is found. Finally, these results are applied to construct a bilinear generating function for the Big -1 Jacobi polynomials.New convolution identities for orthogonal polynomials belonging to the q = −1 analog of the Askey-scheme are obtained. Specialization of the Chihara polynomials will play a central role as the eigenfunctions of a special element of the Lie superalgebra osp(1|2) in the positive discrete series representation. Using the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, a convolution identity for the specialized Chihara, the dual -1 Hahn and the Big -1 Jacobi polynomials are found. Using the Racah coefficients, a convolution identity for the Big -1 Jacobi and the Bannai-Ito polynomials is found. Finally, these results are applied to construct a bilinear generating function for the Big -1 Jacobi polynomials.


Good nutrition is a major factor affecting not only an individual's growth and development but also general physical and mental health and quality of life. Poor nutrition is a well-established risk factor for development of chronic and life-threatening diseases such as cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease and stroke), some cancers, and type 2 diabetes.


INTRODUCTION A cohort study from the United States showed that Hodgkin Lymphoma patients in the SEER database had more than two times the risk of suicide compared to the general US population (J Clin Oncol 2008 26:4731-38). However, the risk of suicide in Hodgkin Lymphoma has not been studied in European clinical trial patients where treatment and disease specific information was available. METHODS Patients from the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) HD7 through HD15 studies were analyzed to identify those patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma whose cause of death was suicide. 12,201 patients from Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Austria were included in the analysis of the GHSG HD7-HD15 studies between 1993 and 2009. Median follow-up in these studies was 67.6 months or 5.63 years. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for death from suicide was calculated using the general European population as a control. Suicide as a cause of death was compared to other causes of death in the HD7-HD15 studies. Data from other European HL studies was planned to be included but not available at time of submission. RESULTS 19 patients (17 males and 2 females) died by suicide in the HD7-HD15 studies during a total observation time of 68,638 person-years, equivalent to 27.7/100,000 person-years. When compared to the suicide rate in the general European population of 12.3/100,000 person-years (Eurostat Statistics Database 2010), the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in this cohort was 2.25 (95% CI, 1.40 to 3.45) and statistically significant (p=0.0017). Male gender is an established risk factor for suicide in the general population. Male and female suicide rates in the general European population were 20.7/100,000 and 4.7/100,000 person-years (Eurostat 2010) respectively. Male European HD7-HD15 patients had a suicide rate of 43.9/100,000 person-years with a SMR 2.12 (95% CI, 1.28 to 3.33), p=0.0054. Female European HD7-HD15 clinical trial patients had a suicide rate of 6.7/100,000 person-years with a SMR 1.43 (95% CI, 0.24 to 4.72), p=0.575. Median age at diagnosis was 38 years (range 19-59) for the HL patients with suicide. Median time interval between diagnosis of HL and suicide was 42 months (range 1-142), and median age at time of suicide was 46 years (range 22-59). Nodular sclerosis (58%) and mixed cellularity (26%) were the most common HL histologic subtypes in patients with suicide. As defined by the GHSG, advanced stage HL (42%) was the most common in suicide followed by early stage favorable (37%) and early stage unfavorable (21%). 74% of HL patients with suicide received radiation therapy at a median dose of 30 Gy, with 58% receiving involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) and 16% extended-field radiation therapy (EFRT). All patients with suicide received chemotherapy (median 4 cycles), with ABVD (32%), COPP/ABVD (16%), escalated-dose BEACOPP (16%), and escalated-dose followed by baseline-dose BEACOPP (16%) as the most common regimens. 17 of 19 patients (90%) were in remission with no evidence of progression or relapsed HL at time of suicide. One patient developed a secondary malignancy (melanoma) prior to death from suicide. There were a total of 818 deaths (6.7%) in the 12,201 patients analyzed in the HD7-HD15 studies. Suicide (2.3%) was the fifth most common cause of death after Hodgkin Lymphoma (29.6%), toxicity from treatment (primary, salvage, and infection = 24.8%), secondary malignancy (21.1%), and cardiopulmonary causes (10.1%). Figure 1. CONCLUSIONS Hodgkin Lymphoma patients treated within clinical trials in Europe have greater than twice the incidence of suicide, SMR 2.25, compared to the general population. This is similar to the SMR 2.07 reported in HL patients from the SEER database in the United States. This increase in suicide incidence is in spite of the excellent prognosis in HL, as evidenced by the 90% of patients who were in remission at time of suicide. Male European HL clinical trial patients had over twice the risk of suicide compared to males in the general population, but there was no statistically significant difference found in female European HL patients. With HL occurring most frequently in age groups with a high risk of suicide, clinicians must be vigilant about suicide as a significant cause of death in these patients. Disclosures Engert:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. LaCasce:Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Forty Seven Inc.: Consultancy.


As emerging flight operations become more prevalent and increasingly automated and distributed, the capabilities and procedures for managing safety of vehicles and operations will also need to evolve. To address this challenge, the National Academies envisioned an In-Time Aviation Safety Management System (IASMS) resource for a wide range of aviation operations including current commercial operations as well as new advanced air mobility (AAM) operations. The suite of IASMS services, functions, and capabilities (SFCs) would be implemented in a federated approach and would address trends as well as individual operations. Through predictive modeling and data analysis, IASMS is envisioned to identify risks so that they can be mitigated, in-time, before a safety incident occurs.IASMS and its requisite set of SFCs will leverage a wide range of information. To better understand these new needs, the Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) worked with the aviation and humanitarian communities to develop and validate Disaster Management and First Responder (DMFR) scenarios. These scenarios were then used to identify IASMS data needs andf research issues. These include the ability to quickly "cordon off" airspace through temporary flight restrictions (TFRs) or other means, having clear definitions to enable automation-based algorithms for prioritizing operations, definition of airspace density metrics, standardization of altitude reporting, and an established basis for safety data metrics definition and collection.


This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's PowerPoint conference presentation. Nowadays three main trends driving tcleeommunications into the next millennium can be identified: third generation of mobile communications (UMTS), the impact of the l~ternet and service continuity. UMTS is seen as the enabler of wireless multimedia applications, overall (fixed-mobile, public-private, voice-data) convergence and the portability of a personalised service set across network and terminal boundaries, as defined in the Virtual Home Environment (VHE) system concept. Currently work is ongoing in different standardisation bodies (e.g. ETSI, 3GPP, ITU-T) and consortia (e.g. TINA-C, Parlay, OMG) allowing third parties to exploit the network service capability features. By standardising so called 'service building blocks'· further referred to as service capability features and not the services themselves, the foundation for a very flexible intelligent service development/deployment environment is created. In the light of these recent developments, this paper investigates the enhancement of the current network centnc approach towards a real system approach, incorporating also the terminal service capability features.


The aim of this paper is to consider data input methods and technologies related to information input into electronic systems that would be suitable for smart garments. An overview of recent developments in the area of flexible switches is provided, describing processes used to fabricate these connections and highlighting issues and problems associated with it. Available soft button / keypad products are considered and keypad construction methods are analyzed. This study resulted in the creation of a flexible textile keypad prototype with row-and-column addressable structure and with breaking point technology underneath button design.


Specific to the usual methods for insulation monitoring—dc superposition method, double frequency principle and zero sequence current amplitude comparison method, the work principle and applications of these methods were compared and analyzed, and respective characteristics were concluded. On this basis, a kind of intelligent insulation monitoring device based on S7-1200 PLC was designed. Compared to traditional megameter, this design can make the insulation data display in a digital facility, improving the accuracy of insulation data, and realizing long-range transmission of insulation data by the integrated Profinet port on PLC.


We propose a numerical integrator for determining low-rank approximations to solutions of large-scale matrix differential equations. The considered differential equations are semilinear and stiff. Our method consists of first splitting the differential equation into a stiff and a non-stiff part, respectively, and then following a dynamical low-rank approach. We conduct an error analysis of the proposed procedure, which is independent of the stiffness and robust with respect to possibly small singular values in the approximation matrix. Following the proposed method, we show how to obtain low-rank approximations for differential Lyapunov and for differential Riccati equations. Our theory is illustrated by numerical experiments.


In this paper, we provide an extension to the whole euclidean space R N , N ≥ 2 , of the Trudinger–Moser inequalities proved by Calanchi and Ruf (Nonlinear Anal 121:403–411, 2015) involving a logarithmic weight. The inequalities are new and highlight very well the importance of the presence of this type of weight. Next, we prove some version of the concentration-compactness principle due to P.L. Lions giving some new improvements of the Trudinger–Moser inequalities established in the first part of this work. In the light of this last result, we treat some elliptic quasilinear problems involving new type of exponential growth condition at infinity


The present study adopts medical anthropologic to analyze the relationship between folkloric medical treatment and cultural system and ecological environment. The folkloric medical treatment, which is called "solutions of the God and medicine "still prevail in Paiyao village nowadays. When suffering from disease, villagers may choose ritual therapoes as well as medical therapies. By looking into the villagers ' conception of illness and the process of treatment, the study analyzes local cultural system and social relationship as well as ecological environment, thus gaining insight into local people 's conception of disease, classifications and therapy methods of diseases.


Background. There are marked differences in how individuals respond and adapt to depressive symptoms over time during the strain of public health emergencies; however, few studies have examined the interrelations between depressive symptoms in distinct depressive trajectories from the COVID-19 outbreak period to the COVID-19 control period. Therefore, this study conducted cross-lagged panel networks to investigate the temporal relationships between depressive symptoms across distinct depressive trajectories from the COVID-19 outbreak period (T1) to the COVID-19 control period (T2). Methods. A total of 35,516 young participants from the College Students' Behavior and Health Cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the current study. Depressive symptoms were self-reported using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Unique longitudinal relationships between symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic were estimated using a cross-lagged panel network. Results. Longitudinal relationships across distinct depressive trajectories were unique during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, suicidal ideation at T1 in the chronic- and delayed-dysfunction groups was most predictive of other symptoms at T2, whereas "sleep" at T1 in the recovery group and "lack of energy" at T1 in the resistance group may be strongly related to the remission of other depressive symptoms at T2. Conclusions. These exploratory findings demonstrate the directionality of relationships underlying individual symptoms in the youth and highlight suicidal ideation, sleep, and energy as potential influencers of other depressive symptoms across distinct depressive trajectories. Targeting those symptoms during the outbreak period of COVID 19 would theoretically have been beneficial in preventing and/or reducing the likelihood of spontaneous depression during the subsequent control period.


Through time and place, experts chronicle the rich variety of nurses' work by presenting actual accounts of clinical practice experiences. Tracing the evolution of nursing from the role as family caregiver to roles in clinical practice today, the contributors approach this history by focusing on four thematic categories: * Who does the work of nursing? * Who pays for the work of nursing? * What is the real work of nursing? * How have our nursing predecessors struggled with the relationship between work and knowledge?


Experiment was carried out using the tender stem of Prunus salicina Lindl.'Xiaohuangli'.The effects of different basic media,plant growth regulator concentration combinations and pH value on in vitro plants were studied.The results showed that the optimal medium for shoot proliferation was improved F14+0.8 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA+30 g·L-1 sugar+6 g·L-1 agar.The suitable pH in medium was from 5.4 to 5.8.The optimal medium for rooting was improved MS+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+0.2 mg·L-1 IBA+30 g·L-1 sugar+6 g·L-1 agar.The rooting rate was 100% and the average number of roots each plantlet was 3~4.The plantlets were transplanted into nutrition soil with vermiculite,perlite and turf (1∶1∶1).The survival rate was more than 80%.The technique constructed in this study will be helpful for large-scale production of 'Xiaohuangli' clonal seedling.


The purpose of this study was to determine the use of straw string media to improve pre-writing skills for children with intellectual disabilities. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) using demonstration learning methods and assignments. The research subjects were three children with intellectual disabilities at the Special School. The results showed that students experienced an increase in pre-writing skills. This is proved by the average acquisition of students' pre-writing skills which increases in each cycle. The results of the post-test showed that the average score of the students increased by 43% compared to the results of the pre-test. The success of this method is due to the use of straw string media which helps students improve pre-writing skills. This study demonstrates that the use of straw string media can make it easier for students to improve pre-writing skills and also makes it easier for teachers to guide students, especially children with intellectual disabilities.


The present invention provides a method for producing a conductor shield, improve the electrical connection portion and the metal braid object contact reliability. A method for producing the metal braid portion (2) and the aluminum shield tube (1) is connected, the metal braid portion (2) is a braided metal wire formed into a tubular shape, is fitted in the shield tube (1) the outer peripheral surface side, wherein in the metal braid portion (2) is fitted in the shield tube (1) the state of the end portion, the mating parts of the installation is formed as an annular metal ribbon (7), in In this state by an ultrasonic bonding machine (8) so that the welding zone (7) to melt the shield tube (1) with a metal braid portion (2) along the circumferential welding.


A method based on the thermal atomic layer deposition for growing vanadium oxides with mixed oxidation states $(\text{VO}_{\mathrm{x}})$ thin films has been developed. It is shown that, by varying only the growth temperature, it is possible to obtain thin $\text{VO}_{\mathrm{x}}$ films with a wide range of electrical conductivity and temperature coefficient of resistance. Thin $\text{vo}_{\mathrm{x}}$ films with TCR in the range from $-0.53 \%{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $-4.2 \%{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ near room temperature were synthesized. Chemical and structural compounds were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In a study of electrical conductivity properties and phase composition of thin films, it was found that an increase in the fraction of the crystal phase of $\mathrm{V}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$ in the film composition with respect to the fraction of the $\mathrm{V}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{5}$ leads to an increase in conductivity and TCR. The obtained results path the way for the application of the described synthesis methods of thin films of the vanadium oxide for the IR photodetectors fabrication, such as, microbolometers.


Objective To study the roles of cerebral blood flow(CBF) and apoptosis in pathogenesis of vascular dementia(VD) of rats.Methods VD model was formed by adopting the permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries in Wistar rats to produce the forebrain ischemia.The laser Doppler was used to assess the cerebral blood flow.The neuropathological changes were observed with light microscope.The apoptosis was examined by the technique of flow cytometry(FCM).Results After the operation,the rCBF of the frontal lobe and hippocampus decreased obviously and progressively.There were infarction foci in a few rats.The diffused cerebral edema and exudation were apparent at the beginning,then attenuated gradually.The pyramidal neurons decreased progressively and microvacuolation was observed in hippocampus.FCM showed that the apoptosis in the ischemic group increased rapidly in the first week after operation,and lasted three months in frontal lobe,four months in hippocampus.Conclusion Apoptosis induced by cerebral hypoperfusion is one of the causes of VD.


The contemporary difficulties of love life have become a pervasive theme. In clinical psychology, it is commonly observed that subjects are afflicted by the characteristics of their emotional ties. Unsuccessful partner choices and unsatisfactory relationships seem to be determined by internal variables rather than random experiences. Early experiences in relations determine the quality of future love bonds, including the tendency to repeat, as a way of remembering and elaborating these experiences which, in turn, lead to successive failures and the inability to break degrading bonds. The present paper revises the concept of love as proposed by psychoanalytic theory and the numerous psychological proces


After 1984 New Zealand abandoned an economic policy paradigm based on a broadly social democratic Keynesianism and rapidly and comprehensively liberalised its economy. Drawing on interviews with eighty-seven members of institutional elites thought potentially influential on economic policy and individuals nominated as influential, this paper shows economic policy change was highly derivative of neoclassical and related schools of economics. Key 'policy entrepreneurs', sometimes educated in graduate programmes in American economics departments in the late 1970s, were important in convincing their respective institutions and other policy makers to support the new policy directions. Economic theories, sometimes of a controversial nature, were often adopted quite self-consciously and their dominance in decision making and their relative lack of modification in the policy process reflected the simplicity of institutional and policy making structures and the paucity of intellectual debate in New Zealand. Once established, the broadly neoclassical paradigm became highly dominant, extending its reach from macro- and micro-economic policy to gradually taking over public sector management and ownership issues, the labour market and social policy issues such as health and welfare policy.


The market for technology licensing amounted to US$173.4 billion in 2009 1 . This market consists of licensees buying technology usage rights from licensors, often in the form of patents, copyrights, and trademarks. From a licensee perspective, an important consideration is the governance of such technology licensing deals. How licensees may use technologies productively may be determined through control and coordination agreements. In particular, drawing on contract theory and governance theory, we propose that the governance of such technology licenses has important financial performance implications. While licensing is an important market, little prior research addressed governance choices and their impact in a technology licensing context. Using a rich dataset, composed of stock market returns, the original licensing contracts, augmented by firm descriptors, we aim to provide further insight into the drivers of financial returns for licensees.


The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of biogenic and synthetic starting materials on properties of porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramics. HAp powders were synthesized by modified precipitation method using biogenic calcium carbonates (ostrich (Struthio camelus) egg shells, hen (Gallus gallus domesticus) egg shells, snail (Viviparus contectus) shells) and synthetic calcium oxides (Sigma-Aldrich and Fluka). Specific surface area, molecular structure and morphology of obtained powders were determined. As-synthesized HAp powders had a varied specific surface area with a wide range from 83 to 150 m2g-1 depending on CaO source. Porous bodies of HAp were prepared by in situ viscous mass foaming with NH4HCO3 as pore forming agent. Foamed and dried green bodies were sintered at 1100 °C. The obtained bioceramics were investigated using Archimedes method, field emission scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. There are considerable differences between porous HAp bioceramics structures prepared from different sources of CaO. The choice of starting material substantially affects the macro-and microstructure of prepared porous bioceramics.


Analysing network marketing from the perspective of "network economy" requires grasping the constituent elements of "Internet celebrity economy". Starting from the existence of the economic system, it should first establish an orderly relationship between supply and demand. Based on the analysis of online marketing, the article puts forward an online marketing strategy from the perspective of "Internet celebrity economy", namely, rational selection of online marketing entities, provision of manufacturer information to facilitate promotion, and use of well-known platforms for marketing.


As a preliminary work on the possibility of separating classes of chili sauces based on taste or customer preferences, organic compounds from different kinds of chili sauces of various brands were separated and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was found that these organic compounds do form a basis for separation of different types of sauces. The similarity and dissimilarity of chromatograms due to the organic composition of the chili sauces were explored by multivariate pattern recognition techniques based on cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Both CA and PCA results exhibit four linearly separable classes, namely general sauces, hot sauces, sauces with benzoic acid and sauces with garlic. It was concluded that by using chosen retention peaks in the chromatograms of various sauce samples as multivariate features, CA and PCA can be successfully used to reveal the natural clusters existing in chili sauces according to their organic composition. Introduction Originally, chilli sauces were produced at home. Today, this practice still preservere but most chilli sauces available nowadays are mass manufactured in factories. Today, much effort is spent to ensure that mass manufactured sauces resemble as close as possible home made ones. Some brands do this better than others. The ingredients used in chilli sauces are very similar to those used in tomato ketchup. However, the methods of preparation and the amount of the ingredients used may vary considerably. The primary ingredients in chili sauce are red tomatoes and chilies. The usual sweetener is sugar (sucrose). The proportions of the various spice ingredients are not standardized between manufacturers [1]. Humans are very good at perceiving similarities and differences between objects of different shapes. The goal of pattern recognition in analytical chemistry is finding similarities and differences between chemical samples based on measurements made on the sample [2]. Therefore, pattern recognition appears to be a useful tool to authenticate foodstuffs according to their quality/variety/brand, when a set of samples whose classification is known a priori is available. This study initially involved data collection via instrumental analysis, basically GC/MS. By using only chromatographic techniques, we able to separate the chemical compounds in the sauces, which are mainly capsaicinoid compounds, the pungent principle of capsicum fruits, benzoic acid which is a preservative, and other compounds due to the ingredients of the sauce. Capsaicinoid compounds are a group of pungent compounds found mostly in capsicum fruits the main components are acid amides of vanillylamine and C9 – C11 branched-chain fatty acids. There are five naturally occurring capsaicinoids, which have been reported, namely capsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin. Of these, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are the major compounds of most capsicum species. Therefore these compounds have been considered as major indicators of chili product quality [3]. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol. 12  No. 1 (2008) 211 Techniques using GC/MS provide accurate and efficient analysis of content and type of capsaicinoids present in a chili sauce sample. These results are probably the major factors in determining the qualities/variety/brand of those sauces, and are the most important parameters used in this statistical study. In this work, different multivariate chemometric methods been employed in the exploration; this primarily involve the use of cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Cluster analysis, which involving the search for natural grouping among samples is a preliminary way to study data sets and to discover the structure residing in them. PCA is used to transform the original data matrix (Xn×m) into a product of two matrices, once which contains information about the objects (Scores matrix, Sn×m) and the other about the variables (Loadings matrix, Ln×m) [4]. PCA enables one to study data structure in reduced dimensions. Experimental Sample preparation About 1 mL of sauce was weighed and extracted with 5 mL dichloromethane in a vial for overnight. Then 1 mL of sauce extracts was drawn and filtered using a 0.4μm nylon filter membrane with a syringe filter into a small glass vial. The filtrate was dried under nitrogen gas, and reconstituted with 200 μL of chloroform and was later used for a GC/MS analysis with injection volume of 1 μL. GC/MS analysis Samples were assayed using a Gas Chromatograph (Shimadzu GC-17A) with a Mass Spectrometer (Shimadzu QP-5000). A 30 m × 0.247 mm × 0.25 μm capillary column, with a stationary phase of (5% phenyl) – methyl polysiloxane (J & W Scientific, DB-5), was used. For analysis, the initial temperature was 60°C held for 1 min. The temperature was increased from 60 to 280°C at the rate of 10°C/min and held at 280°C for 22 min. The total run time was 38 min. The injection volume was 1.0 μL and the total flow of carrier gas was 39.5 mL/min helium. Data processing Data preprocessing is a very important part of any chemometric data analysis project. It consist of whatever mathematical manipulation of data prior to primary analysis. From the obtained GC profiles, 12 marked peaks were considered as the multivariate variables. They are the compounds eluting at retention times, 7.6 (1), 9.2 (2), 12.2 (3), 17.0 (4), 19.2 (5), 19.5 (6), 21.0 (7), 21.2 (8), 24.4 (9), 25.4 (10), 25.7 (11), and 36.9 (12) minutes. These peaks were examined for their mass spectra and identification of these peaks were attempted. The peaks' area per weight of sample were preprocessed, then arranged the in an X-matrix (201 x 12). The values of each row represent the measurement of different variable for each sample, and the values of each column represent the measurement of different samples for a particular variable. Each replicate was treated as an individual sample in the data matrix, which then undergo CA and PCA. All these were done by combination of several statistical software packages such a Microsoft Excel, Teach/Me-Data Analysis, JMP and JMP IN. Figure 1: Typical GC/MS chromatogram of a chili sauce extract. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol. 12  No. 1 (2008) 212 Table 1: Peak areas at particular retention times for a part of sauce samples Retention Time GCS0036 S01a GCS0035 S01b GCS0035S01c GCS0035 S02a GCS0035 S02b 7.5 782155 1387435 1613369 801396 968122 9.2 0 0 0 0 0 12.2 186056 597293 819216 386139 385629 17.


An extensive monitoring program is being conducted with the installation and operation of the first steel catenary riser from a moored floating platform in deep water (910 m). The monitoring program is supplying data from real scale measurements to validate computer models used in the design of floating production platforms, of deep water mooring systems and of rigid catenary risers. Monitored parameters are environmental (wind, directional waves, current profiles), platform and riser receptacle positions and motions, riser motions (for vortex induced vibrations), and riser top and touch down point loads (tension and moments). Subsea equipment are installed and retrieved by a remote operated vehicle and are controlled from surface by acoustic data telemetry. Subsea measured data is transmitted to the surface acoustically.


The article presents a deep analysis of scientific research on establishment and development of the preschool education system in Russia and abroad, various theories and approaches to the upbringing and development of a child, provides the most illustrative examples of the organization of kindergartens.


This paper presents a demonstration setup for live HEVC video coding with Region of Interest (ROI) encryption. The showcased approach splits video frames into independent HEVC tiles and encrypts those belonging to the ROI. This end-to-end content protection scheme is put into practice by integrating the algorithms of selective encryption into Kvazaar HEVC encoder and decryption into openHEVC decoder. The shown implementation performs secure encryption of the ROI in real time with small bit rate and complexity overhead.


scribed by Lubimov and specimens obtained from the heart of seals caught off the cost of Maine belong to the genus Dipetalonema as conceived by Chabaud (1952). This paper described similar heartworms obtained from a group of five harbor seals (P. vitulina geronimensis) held in captivity at Marineland of the Pacific. A group of nine sea lions (Zalophus californianus), also exhibited there, were found to be infected with nicrofilariae; these are described. The adult worms were not


1. Jeganathan VS, Ghosh S, Ruddle JB, Gupta V, Coote MA, Crowston JG. Risk factors for delayed suprachoroidal haemorrhage following glaucoma surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(10):1393-1396. 2. Gedde SJ, Schiffman JC, Feuer WJ, Herndon LW, Brandt JD, Budenz DL. Treatment outcomes in the tube versus trabeculectomy study after one year of follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143(1): 9-22. 3. Smith MF, Doyle JW, Sherwood MB. Comparison of the Baerveldt glaucoma implant with the double-plate Molteno drainage implant. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113(4):444-447. 4. Krishna R, Godfrey DG, Budenz DL, et al. Intermediate-term outcomes of 350-mm(2) Baerveldt glaucoma implants. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(3):621-626. 5. Allan EJ, Khaimi MA, Jones JM, Ding K, Skuta GL. Long-term efficacy of the Baerveldt 250 mm compared with the Baerveldt 350 mm implant. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(3):486-493. 6. Meyer AM, Rodgers CD, Zou B, Rosenberg NC, Webel AD, Sherwood MB. Retrospective comparison of intermediate-term efficacy of 350 mm() glaucoma drainage implants and medium-sized 230-250 mm() implants. J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2017;11(1):8-15. 7. Christakis PG, Kalenak JW, Tsai JC, et al. The Ahmed versus Baerveldt study: five-year treatment outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(10):2093-2102.


We give a simple proof that the solution of the Allen-Cahn equation converges to Brakke's motion by mean curvature, by utilizing the recent results of Roger and Schatzle in space dimension 2 and 3. The proof avoids some of the technicalities in Ilmanen's proof.


In this paper,the problem of the circle packing on a roll material is discussed in the view of the utilization rate of the sheet.There are three methods for the circle packing on a roll material which are parallel arrangement,interlaced arrangement and oblique arrangement based on interlaced arrangement.Because of reducing the clearance between the circles,and that also between the circles and edge of the roll material,the last method is considered to be the best one.But when and which is the best concretely? How much does it improve compared with others? This paper analyses these methods mentioned above from the aspects of the theoretical analysis and data simulation and experimental studies.The result shows that the third one is better than others.And the best one of all oblique arrangements is oblique arrangement with the most rows.It increases the utilization rate by 6% higher than that of the parallel arrangement at most;and Its' advantage against interlaced arrangement is weakened when the width of the roll material is increased.