Abstract By adding a hot aqueous solution containing KF and K2[CO3] to another hot aquatic brine of Pr[NO3]3 ⋅ 5 H2O, Sm[NO3]3 ⋅ 5 H2O or Eu[NO3]3 ⋅ 5 H2O with a 1.3 times excess of the anion-providing solution, amorphous water-insoluble powders of PrF[CO3], SmF[CO3] and EuF[CO3] can be obtained. Through hydrothermal treatment at 210 °C for five days crystalline powders could be synthesized and their crystal structure was refined with Rietveld methods based on PXRD data. The named compounds crystallize in the bastnaesite-type structure with a = 710.912(12) pm, c = 976.811(6) pm for the praseodymium, a = 704.77(2) pm, c = 971.83(4) pm for the samarium and a = 700.734(6) pm, c = 969.066(8) pm for the europium compound, all hexagonal with Z = 6. Upon heating them, the compounds lose CO2 and fluoride oxides REFO emerge. Thermogravimetric experiments with crystalline samples show thermal stability up to 420 °C for PrF[CO3], 400 °C for SmF[CO3] and 340 °C for EuF[CO3], but decomposition below 200 °C for the amorphous ones. Infrared spectroscopy confirms only marginal portions of [OH]− instead of F− anions in all cases. The RE 3+ cations are coordinated by 9 + 2 anions at distances between 236 and 254 pm plus 326 pm to F− anions and oxygen atoms bonded to carbon as oxocarbonate anions [CO3]2−. Triggered by ultraviolet radiation, the bulk sample of EuF[CO3] shows a poor red luminescence.


Three new freshwater gobies of the genus Rhinogobius (Gill, 1859) are described in this study, namely, Rhinogobius changtinensis, R. lungwoensis and R. ponkouensis. They were collected from the Hanjiang basin, Southern China during expeditions conducted in 2002 and 2004. The three species of Rhinogobius are found in different tributaries of the basin. The three species can be distinguished from all other congeneric species by unique combinations of meristic features, body shape and specific coloration patterns. All three species are non-diadromous species, with high vertebral counts. A key to all nominal species of Rhinogobius found in the Hanjiang basin is provided.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates a time-fractional Black-Scholes equation with an implied volatility which is assumed to be associated with underlying price. Two aspects are considered. One is for the forward problem, i.e. a robust -CDIA ( -central difference implicit approximation) scheme is utilized to solve the initial boundary value problem effectively. Remarkably, convergence analysis for the forward problem solver is also given. The other is for the inverse problem, i.e. recovery of the implied volatility via additional data. By linearization which is similar as [Bouchouev et al. Quant. Finance, 2 (2002) 257–263.], a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind for the unknown volatility is obtained. Based upon the integral equation, a uniqueness of the recovery is shown under some assumptions and an efficient numerical reconstruction algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the coefficient. Numerical results for both direct problem and inverse problem are presented to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed schemes.


This engraving, which is reproduced by the kindness of Mr L. F. Gilbert, B.Sc., F.R.I.C., presents a problem which may or may not be worth solving. It was apparently issued to the public in the first half of the eighteenth century, but it is difficult to say why it was dedicated to the Royal Society. During this period there was an Arthur Stone living who married a daughter of Francis Fox (1675- 1738). The latter was known as 'Father Fox' when he was Chaplain to the Lord Mayor of London. Then there was George Stone (1708- 1764) who was known as 'Cardinal Lapidario' and his brother Andrew Stone (1703-1773) who conducted the negotiations which led to Henry Fox taking office under George III. Many other suggestions come to mind but it would be interesting to learn if any reader knows the engraving and can assist in solving the problem presented.


More and more sensors are getting Internet connected. Examples are cameras on cell phones, CCTV cameras for traffic control as well as dedicated security and defense sensor systems. Due to the steadily increasing data volume, human exploitation of all this sensor data is impossible for effective mission execution. Smart access to all sensor data acts as enabler for questions such as "Is there a person behind this building" or "Alert me when a vehicle approaches". The GOOSE concept has the ambition to provide the capability to search semantically for any relevant information within "all" (including imaging) sensor streams in the entire Internet of sensors. This is similar to the capability provided by presently available Internet search engines which enable the retrieval of information on "all" web pages on the Internet. In line with current Internet search engines any indexing services shall be utilized cross-domain. The two main challenge for GOOSE is the Semantic Gap and Scalability. The GOOSE architecture consists of five elements: (1) an online extraction of primitives on each sensor stream; (2) an indexing and search mechanism for these primitives; (3) a ontology based semantic matching module; (4) a top-down hypothesis verification mechanism and (5) a controlling man-machine interface. This paper reports on the initial GOOSE demonstrator, which consists of the MES multimedia analysis platform and the CORTEX action recognition module. It also provides an outlook into future GOOSE development.


The objective of the present article is to prove two geometric inequalities for submanifolds in S-space forms. First, we establish inequalities for the generalized normalized δ-Casorati curvatures for bi-slant submanifolds in S-space forms and then we derive the generalized Wintgen inequality for Legendrian and bi-slant submanifolds in the same ambient space. We also discuss the equality cases of the inequalities. Further, we provide some immediate geometric applications of the results. Finally, we construct some examples of slant and Legendrian submanifolds, respectively.


The lignocellulosic hydrolysates provide a rich medium for fermentation of sugars into ethanol. The potential use of sunflower seed hull hemicellulose hydrolysate in ethanol fermentation was evaluated by using the Experimental Design method in this study. A 22 Box-Wilson experimental design was used to develop a statistical model. The effects of shaking rate (55–145 rpm) and initial pH (4.6–7.4) on the fermentation of hydrolysate with Pichia stipitis yeast were studied in shaking bath experiments at 30°C. Model equations that represent maximum ethanol concentration Emax and ethanol yield YP/S in terms of shaking rate and pH were developed by using the Design-Expert package program. From response surfaces, optimum variables were calculated numerically by the Design-Expert computer program. Such a procedure provided the optimum values of the parameters with respect to both YP/S and Emax as X1 = 5.89 pH and X2 = 114.6 rpm. The maximum ethanol concentration of 11.04 g/L and ethanol yield of 0.32 were obtained with these optimized parameters.


BACKGROUND
The disturbances related to the feeding behavior are increasing in Tunisia.

AIM
To evaluate the impact of an adapted and personalized therapeutic program, including dietetic advises and practice of yoga in Tunisian teenagers suffering from bulimia or anorexia.

METHODS
Our study was carried out on 31 teenagers, old 16 to 19 years, 10 were anorexics (9 girls and 1 boy) and 21 were bulimics (14 girls and 7 boys).

RESULTS
After twelve weeks of program application a clear improvement of the physical and mental state of our subjects was recorded. Indeed, an average fall of 7.3% of the body weight of the compulsive eaters and an increase of 6.6% of that of the anorexics were obtained. On the mental level, the frequency of the subjects which make daily crises passed from 29% to 19%. More half of the subjects (54.8%) paid more not to vomit but occasionally (less than one once out of two crises).

CONCLUSIONS
These results show that an assumption of responsibility targeted of the teenagers suffering from food behavioral problems can help them to be left there.


We present a review of the recent progress in the generation methods of intense terahertz (THz) single-cycle pulses and their application to THz nonlinear spectroscopy in condensed matters. Special attentions are paid to various aspects of nonlinearity in semiconductors including dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect, ballistic acceleration of free carriers, and coherent control of the exciton system.


Recent work has shown success in learning word embeddings with neural network language models (NNLM). However, the majority of previous NNLMs represent each word with a single embedding, which fails to capture polysemy. In this paper, we address this problem by representing words with multiple and sense-specific embeddings, which are learned from bilingual parallel data. We evaluate our embeddings using the word similarity measurement and show that our approach is significantly better in capturing the sense-level word similarities. We further feed our embeddings as features in Chinese named entity recognition and obtain noticeable improvements against single embeddings.


In this article, the estimation of the parameters and the reliability and hazard functions for Weibull inverted exponential (WIE) distribution is considered based on progressive first-failure censoring (PFFC) data. For non-Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood (ML) estimators are acquired; meanwhile, their existence is verified. Via asymptotic normality of ML estimators and delta method, the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) of the parameters and the reliability and hazard functions are constructed. For Bayesian inference, Lindley's approximation and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques are proposed to obain the Bayes estimators and the corresponding credible intervals (CRIs). To this end, both symmetric and asymmetric loss functions are used. A large number of Monte Carlo simulations are implemented to evaluate the efficiency of the developed methods. Eventually, a numerical example is analyzed for illustrative purposes.


【Membrane proteins isolated from the coleoptile and mesocotyl tissues of corn seedlings were solubilized with Triton X100 and reconstituted with phosphatidylcholine at 2 $0^{\circ}C$ . The proteoliposomes were incubated and proton uptake into the vesicles was measured with a spectrophotometer. Addition of ATP to the reaction mixture was found to result in an active accumulation of proton into the vesicles. These results indicate that the preparation contains tightly bound phosphatidylcholine vesicles with reconstituted H+ -ATPase from the plant cell membranes.】


Objective: Nobiletin treatment on MDA-MB 231 cells reduces the expression of CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), which is highly expressed in cancer stem cell populations in tumor patients. However, the mechanisms of nobiletin in cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain elusive. This study was aimed to explore the potential target and mechanisms of nobiletin in cancer stem cells using bioinformatics approaches. Methods: Gene expression profiles by public COMPARE predicting the sensitivity of tumor cells to nobiletin. Functional annotations on gene lists are carried out with The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v6.8, and WEB-based GEne SeT Analysis Toolkit (WebGestalt). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was analyzed by STRING-DB and visualized by Cytoscape. Results: Microarray analyses reveal many genes involved in protein binding, transcriptional and translational activity. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed breast cancer regulation of estrogen signaling and Wnt/ß-catenin by nobiletin. Moreover, three hub genes, i.e. ESR1, NCOA3, and RPS6KB1 and one significant module were filtered out and selected from the PPI network. Conclusion: Nobiletin might serve as a lead compound for the development of CSCs-targeted drugs by targeting estrogen and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. Further studies are needed to explore the full therapeutic potential of nobiletin in cancer stem cells.


Banana cv. Kluai Namwa (Musa ABB) was selected to study changes in the percentage of Total Soluble Solid (TSS) during the ripening process. The 1-2 days after harvesting expressed the lowest TSS (7.44-7.62%), then TSS accumulated to a stable level of 29.12% on the 8 day. Banana flour should be produced within the 1st stage of two days after harvest. The three varieties of banana flour derived are Kluai Namwa (Musa ABB), Kluai Khai (Musa AA) and Kluai Hom (Musa AAA). At the mature green peel stage of ripeness, moisture content, color, swelling, solubility and viscosity were determined. Kluai Namwa flour turned out a higher amylose content, lightness and viscosity (77.63%, 90.12 and 383.75, respectively) than the Kluai Khai and Kluai Hom varieties. Banana flour could be applied and utilized in food systems to improve properties of food products, reduce production cost and might become an alternative form of starch flour.


The Raman scattering spectra of n-type GaP(doped S) single crystal and red and green luminous materials grown on the n-type GaP(doped S)single crystal substrate by liquid-phase epitaxy are analyed.The results show that the spectra of GaP single crystal and its luminous materials include not only the first-order longitudinal optical photons and transverse optical phonons Raman scattering peaks,but also the peaks of the bound excitons,bound electrons and bound holes.


A plea for studying human dignity from a comparative perspective using approaches based on cultural and political sociology opens this special issue. The other distinctive features of the proposed approach include the assumption of the cultural embeddedness of human dignity, the empirical orientation of the research, and the sensitivity to various degrees of the universality and malleability of culturally specific interpretations of human dignity.


The control of balance relies on many factors, which are vision, vestibular sense, proprioception, musclestrength and reaction time. With increasing age, there is a progressive loss of these system functions which cancontribute to balance deficits and high risk of falls. Balance disorders represent a growing public health concerndue to the association with fall and fall - related injuries, particularly in regions of the world in which high proportionsof the population are elderly. The lower limb muscle weakness is a major risk factor of fall in elderly. Aquaticexercise to improve balance in elderly is the alternative exercise using the water properties. Buoyancy force helpssupporting the body weight, decreasing compression force on the knee joint and moving easily. The turbulence flowis the water resistance that elderly have to control the balance against it. Water environment also decreases riskof falls due to the viscosity that supports the body while falling. Therefore, the elderly have more time to controltheir balance. Nevertheless, more studies on the effects of aquatic exercise on balance in the elderly are neededto clarify these effects. Key words: Balance, Elderly, Aquatic exercise


Third-party libraries (TPLs) provide ready-made implementations of various software functionalities and are frequently used in software development. However, as software development progresses through various iterations, there often remains an unused set of TPLs referenced in the application's distributable. These unused TPLs become a prominent source of software bloating and are responsible for excessive consumption of resources, such as CPU cycles, memory, and mobile devices' battery-usage. Thus, the identification of such bloat-TPLs is essential. We present a rapid, storage-efficient, obfuscation-resilient method to detect the bloatTPLs. Our approach's novel aspects are i) Computing a vector representation of a .class file using a model that we call Jar2Vec. The Jar2Vec model is trained using the Paragraph Vector Algorithm. ii) Before using it for training the Jar2Vec models, a .class file is converted to a normalized form via semantics-preserving transformations. iii) A Bloated Library Detector (BloatLibD) developed and tested with 27 different Jar2Vec models. These models were trained using different parameters and >30000 .class files taken from >100 different Java libraries available at MavenCentral.com. BloatLibD achieves an accuracy of 99% with an F1 score of 0.968 and outperforms the existing tools, viz., LibScout, LiteRadar, and LibD with an accuracy improvement of 74.5%, 30.33%, and 14.1%, respectively. Compared with LibD, BloatLibD achieves a response time improvement of 61.37% and a storage reduction of 87.93%. Our program artifacts are available at https://bit.ly/2WFALXf.


The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between blood glucose levels of humpback grouper with an infestation of protozoa ectoparasites and the correlation between blood glucose levels and the infestation of protozoa ectoparasites in humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) in the Sea Cultivation Development Unit, Situbondo, East Java. This research is survey research. The sample was in the form of a humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) measuring 13-20 cm, 30 of which were randomly drawn from a population of 2,000 individuals. The results of the study showed that the blood glucose level of the humpback grouper Nurserys was the lowest of 21 mg/dL and the highest was 67 mg/dL. Humpback grouper Nurserys began to be infested with Trichodina sp. Ectoparasites, and Cryptocaryon sp. in fish with glucose levels of 25-28 mg/dL included in the category of normal infestations, while fish with glucose levels of 29 - 36 mg/dL (Normal) are included in the category of mild to severe infestations. The results showed that there was a very close correlation between blood glucose levels of humpback grouper Nurserys and ectoparasite infestations. The higher the blood glucose level the higher the ectoparasite infestation in the Nurserys of the humpback grouper.


Nowadays, Permanent Emergency Lighting Systems (PELSs) are widely used in many applications, including emergency exit indication and lighting in critical or strategic points. Limitation in operation hours in classical lamps (10 000-20 000 h for fluorescent lamps) implies short lamp replacement times and, therefore, high maintenance costs. This paper shows an alternative solution based on high-efficiency LEDs. The long operation life (above 100 000 h) of high-efficiency LEDs with a very simple electronics circuitry implies an interesting solution for these types of applications. A 30-lm and 1-h PELS has been built and tested. A low-cost power supply has been built and used as a battery charger and LED driver.


Straightening process is a typical dynamic process of multi-step reverse bending load. In adjacent straightening load, stress and strain will be superimposed with residual stress generated by straightening deformation energy influencing stress distribution state and reverse bending characteristics, particularly in the discrete points against bending straightening loading process. In order to describe the stress superposition state in process of straightening accurately, time operator is introduced to identify the discretization of straightening process and dynamic model characterized by curvature is created. Based on elastic-plastic mechanics and geometry hypothesis, the mathematical modeling of stress superposition state is established, and the relationship of discrete points reverse bending and straightening parameter in history is revealed.


A company performance strongly depends on its ability of delivering the right quantity of of a given product at the time customers require. Even though some demand forecasting techniques have been developed, they have commonly used simplifying assumptions that limit their use like assuming that the relation between the inputs and the output is linear, for example. Therefore, machine-learning techniques, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), arise as a promising alternative for accomplishing demand forecasting. SVM has the advantage of performing well in cases where the relationship between input and output data is unknown, and thus has brought good results when applied in different contexts. However, SVM presents some limitations in predicting non-stationary series. In this context, a method called Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) has been adopted for decomposing non-stationary and nonlinear time series into a group of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Moreover, SVM performance strongly depends on the values of real-valued parameters, which need to be tuned to enhance the predictive ability of the model. This situation gives rise to the model selection problem, which may be solved by heuristics such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Therefore, this work proposes a non-stationary demand forecasting methodology based on EMD-PSO-SVM. An example in the context of the food industry is presented and we compare the results obtained by the proposed methodology against the ones returned from a plain PSO-SVM. The results show that the proposed EMD-PSO-SVM presented superior performance.


Global-in-time classical solutions near Maxwellians are constructed for the generalized Landau equation in a periodic box for γ > -2. The exponential decay of such a solution is also obtained.


A recent Cochrane review suggested that laparoscopic cholecystectomy carried out early following mild gallstone pancreatitis was safe. This study compared the cost‐effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed within 3 days of admission, during the same admission but after more than 3 days, or electively in a subsequent admission.


The invention provides a tensioned self-locking umbrella type anchor, which comprises an anchor head, a connecting body and a tensioned fixed end, wherein the anchor head comprises a spiral drill and a cylindrical sleeve connected with the spiral drill; the inner cavity of the cylindrical sleeve is provided with a movable pulling plate; one end of the cylindrical sleeve, which is far away from the spiral drill, is provided with a guide plate; the movable pulling plate is provided with at least two rivet plate fixing rings; the side wall of the cylindrical sleeve, which is near the guide plate, is provided with two self-locking rings by corresponding to the at least two rivet plate fixing rings; one ends of the at least two rivet plates are respectively connected with the corresponding rivet plate fixing ring; the other ends of the rivet plates extend out of the cylindrical sleeve from a space between the corresponding self-locking ring and the guide plate; the guide plate is provided with a positive-rotating bayonet; one end of a draw bar is connected with the movable pulling plate; and the other end of the draw bar is connected with the connecting body after extending out of the guide plate and the positive-rotating bayonet. The embedding depth of the rivet plate can satisfy the requirement of various types of engineering, the uplift resistance is substantially improved, and the tensioned self-locking umbrella type anchor can be used for reinforcing various types of soil slopes.


YanJing of MangKang county lies in the area of ChangDu of the east Tibet,which is in the famous mining district of the three rivers.Because three rivers district is in the condition of the sharp topography and the development of water system.By making full use of geochemical survey method that 1∶50 000 sdiment survey,A new breakthrough has been obtained in the resources census of the east of Tibet,and some reliable evidences have been provided in further careful examinations and investigations.


We investigated physical quantities including the spectrum, emission lilies and pulse profiles expected from a uniform jet, a spherical fireball and the 1/Gamma region (the portion of the spherical fireball with opening angle 1/Gamma) in the prompt emission phase, after taking into consideration of the Doppler effect under the fireball framework. Our study shows that: a) for these physical quantities the spherical fireball and the uniform jets do not present obvious differences, so we cannot use these to distinguish a spherical fireball from a uniform jet; b) for the spherical fireball and a uniform jet, the observed quantities mainly come from the 1/Gamma region, so we can simply use the 1/Gamma region in approximate calculations; c) broadening of emission lines is a general phenomena, which mainly comes from the curvature effect; d) the 1/Gamma region plays different roles in different frequency ranges, and the radiation from the 1/Gamma region is greater in the higher than in the lower frequencies.


This paper introduces electronic sphygmomanometer' software and hardware implementation based on DSP.It makes full use of the internal and external resources of TMS320VC5402 chip and possesses the power management design.This system has such characteristics: low power,portable,simple operation procedures by using touch screen,remote monitoring of blood pressure information through USB and the PC.Oscillometric method was used to get the original detecting data which are corrected by gold standard and temperature compensation algorithm.38 normal subjects participated in the verifying experiments.Blood pressures of them were measured with our system and the traditional sphygmomanometer in the same period.Statistical analysis was used to find the correlation between the two.Results showed that the measurement accuracy reaches 86.9% and has good correlation with traditional sphygmomanometers.


30 Training specificity is considered important for strength training, although the functional and 31 underpinning physiological adaptations to different types of training, including brief 32 explosive contractions, are poorly understood. This study compared the effects of 12-wks of 33 explosive-contraction (ECT, n =13) vs. sustained-contraction (SCT, n =16) strength training vs. 34 control (CON, n =14) on the functional, neural, hypertrophic, and intrinsic contractile 35 characteristics of healthy young men. Training involved 40 isometric repetitions (x3/wk): 36 contracting as fast and hard as possible for ~1 s (ECT); or gradually increasing to 75% of 37 maximum voluntary torque (MVT) before holding for 3 s (SCT). Torque and EMG during 38 maximum and explosive contractions, torque during evoked octet contractions, and total 39 quadriceps muscle volume (QUADS VOL ) were quantified pre- and post-training. MVT 40 increased more after SCT than EST (23 vs. 17%; effect size [ES]=0.69), with similar 41 increases in neural drive, but greater QUADS VOL changes after SCT (8.1 vs. 2.6%; ES=0.74). 42 ECT improved explosive torque at all time points (17-34%; 0.54≤ES≤0.76) due to increased 43 neural drive (17-28%), whereas only late-phase explosive torque (150 ms, +12%; ES=1.48) 44 and corresponding neural drive (18%) increased after SCT. Changes in evoked torque 45 indicated slowing of the contractile properties of the muscle-tendon unit after both training 46 interventions. These results showed training-specific functional changes that appeared to be 47 due to distinct neural and hypertrophic adaptations. ECT produced a wider range of 48 functional adaptations than SCT, and given the lesser demands of ECT this type of training 49 provides a highly efficient means of increasing function. 50 51 52 53


The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition which takes metformin hydrochloride and vildagliptin as the active ingredients and the preparation method and usage thereof. The invention takes metformin hydrochloride and vildagliptin as the pharmaceutical active ingredients and mixed with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to form the pharmaceutical composition. The invention can be used for diet control and the treatment of type 2 diabetes can not be controlled appropriately by movements, and the invention can also be used in the type 2 diabetes which can not be controlled by the single administration of metformin hydrochloride or vildagliptin. The contents of the invention take metformin hydrochloride and vildagliptin as the raw materials and are added with given type and proportion of excipients, then the invention is prepared and developed into tablets, capsules, granules, dispersion tablets, chew tablets, buccal tablets, effervescent tablets, effervescent granules and other various oral preparations according to the technical means illustrated by the invention.


The present invention can be manufactured in the fluorinated ketone of the various structures in a short process, and provides a useful way as an industrial production method. That is, the fluorine content is more than 30% by mass, to also reacted with fluorine in a liquid phase the compound represented by the formula (3) and a compound represented by General Formula (4), represented by the formula (4) in the following to which the decomposition reaction of an ester bond is a compound process for producing a fluorinated ketone represented by the formula (5): [Formula 3] [Formula 4] [Formula 5] (Where, R


OBJECTIVE To investigate pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)in our intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS A retrospective investigation was used to analyze the 74 VAP patients in ICU.RESULTS The main pathogenic bacteria of VAP were Gram-negative bacilli(83.1%),the second were Gram-positive bacteria(10.7%),the third were fungi(6.2%).Most Gram-negative bacilli showed sensitive to carbopenems.Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin.Candida albicans was 100% sensitive to fluconazole and itraconazole.CONCLUSIONS Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogenic bacteria of VAP,and show highly resistant.The selection and use of anti-bacterial agents should be based on drug sensitivity.


Modern instruments for molecular diagnostics are continuously optimized for diagnostic accuracy, versatility and throughput. The latest progress in LED technology together with tailored optics solutions allows developing highly efficient photonics engines perfectly adapted to the sample under test. Super-bright chip-on-board LED light sources are a key component for such instruments providing maximum luminous intensities in a multitude of narrow spectral bands. In particular the combination of white LEDs with other narrow band LEDs allows achieving optimum efficiency outperforming traditional Xenon light sources in terms of energy consumption, heat dissipation in the system, and switching time between spectral channels. Maximum sensitivity of the diagnostic system can only be achieved with an optimized optics system for the illumination and imaging of the sample. The illumination beam path must be designed for optimum homogeneity across the field while precisely limiting the angular distribution of the excitation light. This is a necessity for avoiding spill-over to the detection beam path and guaranteeing the efficiency of the spectral filtering. The imaging optics must combine high spatial resolution, high light collection efficiency and optimized suppression of excitation light for good signal-to-noise ratio. In order to achieve minimum cross-talk between individual wells in the sample, the optics design must also consider the generation of stray light and the formation of ghost images. We discuss what parameters and limitations have to be considered in an integrated system design approach covering the full path from the light source to the detector.


Explored the concordance between social competence ratings obtained using the Social Competence section of Achenbach and Edelbrock's (1983) Child Behavior Checklist and more traditional instruments. We assessed convergent validity by comparing parent ratings on the Activities and Social Scales (a) with self-ratings by children using the same items reworded in the first person, (b) with peer nominations, and (c) with social self-perception ratings. A total of 185 children randomly sampled from regular Grades 5, 8, and 10 classes participated. There was poor concordance between parent ratings and self-ratings. Inconclusive findings were obtained with respect to the intercorrelations of the parent ratings, peer nominations, and ratings of social self-perception.


Objective:To study the related factors of occurrence of vulvar dystrophy in women at peak onset age.Methods:87 patients aged 40~60 years old who were diagnosed as vulvar dystrophy by pathological examination and biopsy were selected as case group,98 patients without vulvar dystrophy were selected as control group,the relationship between the occurrence of vulvar dystrophy and the factors including working and living circumstances,dietary habits,health habits,diseases,the history of menstruation and childbearing history was analyzed.Results:The risk factors of vulvar dystrophy included allergic constitution,favoring salty,hot and thermal foods,sedentariness,washing underwears by washing powder and vaginitis(OR1),the protective factors of vulvar dystrophy included extravert personality,favoring vegetarian diet and pork liver(OR1).Conclusion:Allergic constitution,incorrect dietary habits and recurrent vaginitis are related to female vulvar dystrophy closely.


We consider Fisher's selection model for a single locus with n alleles. The population is distributed in a spatial domain, migration is represented by a diffusion term. For the resulting parabolic system with zero flux boundary conditions we show that if the selection model has a stable polymorphism, then every solution of the parabolic system converges to a spatially homogeneous stationary solution. If initially all genes are present in the population, then this solution is the polymorphism. The results carry over to some types of convolution equations. Diffusion in Fisher's population model. We consider the well-known Fisher-Wright-Haldane model of population genetics for n alleles ah a2, . . . , an, where Pj is the frequency of they-th allele, nak. We assume continuous time, i.e., overlapping generations. The differential equations read n n (0 Pj = TlfjkPkPj TifrsPrPsPji J = U 2, . . . , li. k=\ r,5=l For the derivation of the model and for results on the ordinary differential equation we refer to [1], [2], [4], or [3]. The last reference contains an account of the earlier literature and more detailed results. We prefer to use a condensed notation. Let F = (fJk) be the matrix of viabilities and p = (pj) the column vector of frequencies. Furthermore define the diagonal matrix P = (PjoJk). Always 0* (transpose) is the row vector corresponding to the column vector a, in particular e* = ( 1 , . . . , 1). Then a*b is a scalar product, ba* is a dyad, and a*Fa is a quadratic form. With this notation equations (1) read (2) p = PFp — p*Fp • p. We consider the population distributed in a bounded spatial domain Q of R with smooth (say C) boundary and describe migration and reproductive interaction of neighboring individuals by a diffusion term (3) pt = PFp p*Fp p + Ap. Received by the editors on August 7,1979. Copyright © 1980 Rocky Mountain Mathematics Consortium 39


In this contribution, tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS) was combined with the multiplicative effects model for mass spectroscopy (MEMMS) to quantitatively determine three hormones (i.e. estrone, hydrocortisone and progesterone) in cosmetics (toner and essence emulsion). The adoption of the MEMMS model in the analysis of LC-MS/MS data was to address the problem of sensitivity and signal instability of LC-MS/MS over time caused by the gradual fouling of the ion source, vacuum instability, drifting of baseline, ion suppression, etc. Experimental results showed that the MEMMS model could effectively mitigate the detrimental effects of the signal instability of LC-MS/MS over time, and achieve quite accurate quantitative results for estrone, hydrocortisone, and progesterone in both toner and essence emulsion samples with average relative prediction error values no larger than 10.0%, which were far lower than the corresponding values (11.5–67.4%) of the conventional univariate internal standard calibration method based on peak height ratios between the peak of the target analytes and that of the internal standard.


We developed a new technique, utilizing species‐specific counts of individuals from historical fish community samples, to examine landscape‐level, spatio‐temporal trends in relative abundance distributions. Abundance‐based historical distribution analyses are often plagued by data comparability issues, but provide critical information about community composition trends inaccessible to those using analyses based only on species presence–absence. We established trends in native and non‐native fish abundance and community homogenization, uniqueness and diversity to help local conservation managers prioritize targets and motivate similar studies globally to support fish conservation.


AbstractExisting entropy-based methodologies for deriving two-dimensional (2D) velocity distributions in open-channel flow are based on the extension of one-dimensional (1D) formulations. Such exte...


Jovian soft X rays are believed to be line emissions from energetic oxygen and sulfur ions generated through charge exchange and stripping reactions when the ions enter Jupiter's upper atmosphere. The X rays are brightest in the polar regions (generally about twice as bright in the north as in the south) but also have a large component from low latitudes. Observations of Jupiter's X ray emissions at several epochs by the high-resolution imager (HRI) instrument on the ROSAT satellite show a general decrease in overall brightness by ∼ 50% from 1994 to 1996 and reveal an interesting dependence of brightness on local time. The emissions are not of uniform brightness across the disk but are strongly weighted toward one limb of the planet. The X ray limb can be on either the duskside or dawnside of Jupiter, and so far it correlates with position of the subsolar point relative to the sub-Earth point (i.e., the X ray limb is the bright visible limb). Except during the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts, the total X ray emissions are not strongly correlated with System III central meridian longitude. However, a composite map of the emissions shows that they are generally located in regions of low surface magnetic field strength at low latitudes, and in regions of large horizontal surface magnetic field strength gradients at high latitudes.


The objective of this study was designed to
investigate, evaluate the effect of vitamin E on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by
showing significant changes in
blood glucose, water, food intake, lipid profile, serum urea and ceratinine
level, and antioxidant enzyme parameters activity. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced toxicity was
studied in male Waster rats; each divided into four
groups: G1, GII, GIII, and GIV. Control rats GI, rats treated with vitamin E (GII), STZ-induced diabetic rats (GIII), and STZ-induced diabetic rats
treated with vitamin E (G1V). Moreover, vitamin E reduced (p f amount of total
cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol and triacyglycerols, and increased HDL
cholesterol) and increased total amount protein in STZ-induced diabetic rats (GIV).
Vitamin prevented modification in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)
and glutathione peroxidase (GSX-Px) and in the
concentration of the lipid hydroperoxide. Finally the study suggested that
vitamin E improved hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia while inhibiting the progression
of oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats.


The present work had as objective to design and to build a machine to pick up the coffee fruits on the yard and to evaluate its performance, being used coffee in coconut, for four moisture content and two working speeds. The design of the machine to pick up coffee fruits


This study aims at identifying student learning styles in the Faculty of Communication and Informatics. Web-based applications are built as a system to determine visual, auditory, read/write, or kinesthetic (VARK) learning styles. The Version 7.1 questionnaire has been applied as a basic instrument. Test data was obtained from a sample of 230 students. System performance is tested by applying black-box testing and testing the validity of alpha-beta on each system module. Meanwhile, the survey method is used to assess the feasibility of application design. Based on a series of observations, tests, and analysis it can be concluded that of 230 students, 27% had visual learning styles, 16% hearing, 14% reading and writing, and 43% kinesthetic. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that students have diverse learning style preferences so that educators must adjust learning strategies by providing appropriate learning media and learning instruments in teaching classes.


Circadian rhythms are conserved across kingdoms and coordinate physiology and behavior for appropriate time‐keeping. The neuronal populations that govern circadian rhythms are described in many animal models, and the current challenge is to understand how they interact to control overt rhythms, remaining plastic enough to respond and adapt to a changing environment. In Drosophila melanogaster, the circadian network comprises about 150 neurons, and the main synchronizer is the neuropeptide pigment‐dispersing factor (PDF), released by the well‐characterized central pacemaker neurons, the small ventral lateral neurons (sLNvs). However, the rules and properties governing the communication and coupling between this central pacemaker and downstream clusters are not fully elucidated. Here we genetically manipulate the speed of the molecular clock specifically in the central pacemaker neurons of Drosophila and provide experimental evidence of their restricted ability to synchronize downstream clusters. We also demonstrate that the sLNv‐controlled clusters have an asymmetric entrainment range and were able to experimentally assess it. Our data imply that different clusters are subjected to different coupling strengths, and display independent endogenous periods. Finally, the manipulation employed here establishes a suitable paradigm to test other network properties as well as the cell‐autonomous mechanisms running in different circadian‐relevant clusters. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:982–996, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The ability to predict which files in a software system are most likely to contain the largest numbers of faults in the next release can be a very valuable asset for quality increasing before release. There are many special prediction methods for such purpose. Most of them operate with black-box calculation models that do not give interpretation of actions during prediction process. We propose a source code stabilization model. It allows to describe programming process in form of theory of probability task and to estimate probability of presence of logical errors in various source code fragments. We show applicability of this model for building defect prediction model. The results of experiments show that such defect prediction model may be accurate enough for practical usage in industrial environment. We also consider some possible ways of model improvements in context of changes they require.


Objective. To study the clinical laboratory and anamnestic features in extremely premature newborns with hemodynamically significant functioning arterial duct. Prematurity is an actual medical and social problem. Functioning arterial duct (FAD) is one of the most significant manifestations of cardiovascular system immaturity in extremely premature newborns. Materials and methods. The study involved the data from 100 premature newborns (birth body mass 500 to 1500 and gestation age <32 weeks), who were born from October 2018 to April 2020 in Perm Regional Perinatal Center. According to standard EchoCG criteria, patients were divided into 2 groups: main group – patients with hemodynamically significant open arterial duct (HS FAD) and comparison group – those with insignificant FAD. All clinical laboratory studies were implemented on the third day of life. Results. The main group included 46 extremely premature infants with hemodynamically significant FAD, the comparison group – 54 with hemodynamically insignificant FAD. Parity of labor reliably differed: 73.9 % (34/46) of mothers in the main group were primiparas and 40.7 % (22/54) in the comparison group, ( p = 0.001). Pregnancy course with the threat of miscarriage was significantly more often noted in the main group – 73.9 % (34/46) of cases and 38.9 % (21/54) of cases in the comparison group, ( р = 0.001). Comparative analysis of peripheral blood indices detected significant differences in thrombocytopenia, which occurred more often in the main group than in the comparison group: 52.2 % (24/46) versus 29.6 % (16/54), ( p = 0.022). Conclusions. Significant differences were established according to the parity of labor, threat of miscarriage. The threat of miscarriage reliably rises chances for giving birth to a child with HS FAD by 3.5 times, in the first labor the chance for giving birth to a child with HS FAD is increased by 4.3 times. Thrombocytopenia occurred more often in the main group versus the comparison group.


Pressure vessels are products with a wide range of applications. Today, it can be said that pressure vessel exploitation safety is at a very high level. This was achieved by implementing extensive experience into standards and regulations. However, pressure vessel failures still occur during exploitation and represent a considerable practical problem.In this paper, failure of a pressure vessel used for chlorine transportation during exploitation is analysed. Defects were discovered in the pressure vessel design, manufacturing and testing stages, which lead to reduced exploitation safety. The influence of temperature and defects in the welded joint on stress magnitudes in pressure vessel walls were the main focus od this analysis. The procedure used top analyse these effects can be applied to all gases which are stored in pressure vessels in both liquid and gas phases.


The concept of center-periphery is very useful in understanding the relations between the Ethiopian state and the newly conquered regions as well as the political economy of the empire. This chapter examines the nature of these center-periphery linkages from political, economic and social perspective. The center-periphery paradigm, a counter-modernization perspective which provides an excellent alternative explanation of the causes of underdevelopment on a global scale, has been made an object of numerous discussions and debates for over 50 years. The peoples of the conquered southern regions were excluded from political power, denied justice and culturally marginalized. It is therefore absolutely correct to distinguish classical Abyssinian feudalism from modern feudal colonialism as it was imposed on the southern societies during the reign of Menelik, and maintained thereafter by force of arms.Keywords: center-periphery paradigm; ethiopia; feudal colonialism; justice; political economy


Role of Human Skin Antimicrobial Peptides in Psoriasis Introduction. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with various biochemical, immunologic and vascular changes, and a vague relationship to nervous system function. Skin defends the body by rapidly setting an innate immune response and providing a swift first-line defense against infection or injury. Hundreds of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides have been discovered and it has been shown that psoriatic epidermis expresses high levels of host defense proteins. Aim of the Study. To evaluate human antimicrobial peptides in correlation with inflammation level in skin biopsy material of psoriatic lesions. Materials and methods. We evaluated 9 psoriasis patients and 1 healthy volunteer. Skin biopsies were obtained from using the routine punch biopsy method. All tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by immunochemistry for human β defensin 2, PGP 9.5, MMP2. The intensity of immunostaining was graded semiquantitatively. For apoptosis evaluation, we used TUNEL method. Results. We found a distinct inflammatory cell infiltration with diffusive character in subepithelial layer, epithelium and hair follicle outer epithelial sheath. Defensin-containing cell number, PGP 9.5-containing nerve fibers and number of MMP2 positive macrophages, fibroblasts and epitheliocytes varied from few to abundant in the visual field. Apoptosis affected epithelial cells, connective tissue cells and inflammatory cells focally. Conclusions. Histological findings vary from marked inflammatory cell infiltration to granulation tissue. Psoriatic lesions of patients with no previous active psoriasis treatment feature marked activation of defensin, matrix metalloproteinase, apoptosis and neuropeptides-containing innervation. In skin of psoriasis patients with long-term ineffective treatment psoriatic lesions show abundance of positive structures of defensin, matrix metalloproteinase and neuropeptides-containing innervation. Close correlation between expression of defensin-containing cells, apoptotic cells, and inflammation in the skin was found suggesting about possible stimulation of AMPs and apoptosis by specific inflammation.


Levy and Wiener (1998), Levy and Levy (2002, 2004) develop the Prospect Stochastic Dominance theory (PSD) and Markowitz Stochastic Dominance theory (MSD) for investors with S-shaped and reverse S-shaped utility functions while Wong and Chan (2008) extend their theory to the first three orders and link the corresponding S-shaped and reverse S-shaped utility functions to the first three orders. They provide experiments to illustrate each case of the MSD and PSD to the first three orders and demonstrate that the higher order MSD and PSD cannot be replaced by the lower order MSD and PSD. Furthermore, they explore whether there is any hierarchy and arbitrage opportunity in both PSD and MSD relationships. They also show that for any two prospects under certain conditions, their third order MSD preference will be 'the opposite of' or 'the same as' their counterpart third order PSD preference. On the other hand, Leshno and Levy (2002) develop the theory of almost stochastic dominance (ASD) for {it most} decision makers. Tzeng et al. (2012) show that the almost second-degree ASD (ASD2) introduced by Leshno and Levy (2002) does not possess the property of expected-utility maximization. They modify the ASD2 definition to acquire this property. Guo, et al. (2013) have constructed some examples to show that the ASD definition modified by Tzeng et al. (2012) does not possess any hierarchy property, Guo, et al. (2014) establish the necessary conditions for ASD criteria of various orders, and Guo, et al. (2014) extend the ASD theory (for risk averters) to include the ASD for risk-seeking investors. We then study the relationship between ASD for risk seekers and ASD for risk averters and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of ASD and the theory of generalized ASD. This paper extends the theory further by developing the almost prospect SD theory (APSD) and almost Markowitz SD theory (AMSD) for investors with S-shaped and reverse S-shaped utility functions. Thereafter, we link the corresponding S-shaped and reverse S-shaped utility functions to the first three orders. We provide experiments to illustrate each case of the AMSD and APSD to the first three orders and demonstrate that the higher order AMSD and APSD cannot be replaced by the lower order AMSD and APSD. Furthermore, we explore whether there is any hierarchy and arbitrage opportunity in both APSD and AMSD relationships. We explore whether under certain conditions, the third order AMSD preference will be 'the opposite of' or 'the same as' their counterpart third order APSD preference.


Multilayer electroluminescent diodes with sharp red emission were fabricated using a new europium complex as an emitter. Microcavity structures were introduced into the EL diodes with sharp red emission. The device structure consisted of a dielectric reflector composed of SiO2/TiO2 bilayers, an indium-tin-oxide electrode, a hole transport layer, a europium complex as an emission layer, an electron transport layer and a MgAg electrode. The dielectric reflector and the MgAg metal electrode constituted a planer microcavity, and sharply directed emission from the europium complex was observed when operated under dc drive voltage. The relationship between emission angle and the size of the microcavity was discussed.


The article focuses on the use of childcare for preschool-age children in 13 European countries with different models of maternal employment. Employing a comparative approach it relates care arrangements to family policy measures. Childcare policies and practices in post-communist countries (the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia) are compared in a wider European context and specifically to various countries representing the principal types of welfare state and family policy strategies in Europe (the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Italy, France, Spain, and Sweden). The article focuses on parental leave schemes, parental employment, and formal childcare and takes into account informal childcare, which in many countries is crucial to achieving a work-life balance. The authors' findings reveal that the use of informal childcare is not directly related to either the length of paid parental leave or maternal employment. Informal childcare, which in most cases is provided by grandparents, is used on a weekly basis for at least thirty per cent of preschool-age children in all the post-communist countries studied except Bulgaria. However, similarly high levels of informal childcare were also found in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Austria. Gendered moral rationalities based on cultural norms play an important role in division of childcare in each European state.


A multilobular tumour of bone with left orbital involvement was diagnosed at post mortem examination in an eight-year-old German shepherd cross dog. The tumour resulted in progressive exophthalmos with lateral deviation of the left eye. Radiographs revealed that the mass was mineralised and originated from the left frontal bone with invasion of the left frontal sinus and destruction of the cribriform plate. This is the third reported case of this type of tumour involving the orbit of the dog and thus multilobular tumour of bone should be considered as a differentia] diagnosis of exophthalmos.


The paper studied the interlayer oxidation zones and uranium mineralization in the northwest margin of Qaidam Basin,pointed out that the wedge-out of interlayer oxidation zones accompanied with syngenetic faults and anticlinal zones of oil-gas accumulation area in the study region where the primary uranium mineralization type occurred in the junction between penetration water with oxygen and exudation water of oil field,the key strata for uranium prospecting should be focused on Jurassic and Tertiary.


Recently, there has been increased interest in using network traces from crowdsourcing for anomaly detection or operator benchmarking. Likewise, the inference of the network topology, particularly the localization of basestations, has been an active field of research. In this work, we conduct a large-scale analysis of a probabilistic basestation localization technique operating on crowdsourced Timing Advance measurements collected through an Android application. We evaluate the performance using ground-truth locations for 4,946 LTE cells, covering a representative subset of the infrastructure of an Austrian operator. Careful analysis confirms the well-known quality issues of crowdsourced data, with 5.8% of samples effectively reporting negative multipath components. Incorporating the notion of erroneous measurements into our system model ensures that the presence of such outliers is reflected in the posterior confidence of the estimator. Overall, this adapted approach significantly outperforms the baseline estimators from the literature, achieving an accuracy of above 97.5% in a cell-identification framework and mean distance errors of around 100 m. Deviations from multipath and erroneous samples remain the primary error source, given that for a low-multipath subset, the performance can be further improved to 99% and 50 m, respectively.


The paper explores the causes of the absurdity and ridiculousness embodied in Zhuangzi s language on the whole from discussing the attitudes and manner of his discourse and points out that it is his concept about the right and wrong that determines his detached attitudes of not imposing the right and wrong, which forms the discourse of his work Zhuangzi .


Change management is an administrative invariant. However, all reforms destabilise organizations. Currently, to explain the phenomenon, the theoretical approaches seem to be somewhat limited; they can be characterised by a weak consensus. For some authors, change is led, for others it is, at best, prepared for. The identification of capacities for successfully managing change is fundamental. How can we explain the aptitude for successful reform? Our research plan leads us to confront our hypotheses to the empirical realities found through investigations of an exemplary case-study; that of the Renault group. Our results allow us to put forward a model of capacities for managing change articulated around three key dimensions of transformational capabilities. Change management comes within the scope of a new perspective, that of timelessness. It offers the identification and the construction of aptitudes for successful change in order that future challenges can be taken up whilst limiting the difficulties.


Flow alterations related to hydroelectric development have affected both the fish stocks and the Cree Indian subsistence fishery in the lower LaGrande River, northern Quebec. Evaluated against several years of baseline data, the initial biological impact of the project on fish populations, mostly whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis) and cisco ( C. artedii ) appeared to be relatively small. Nevertheless, fishing activity in the lower river and the estuary largely ceased from 1979 to 1981, due to physical modifications of traditional fishing areas and other social and economic effects related to the hydro project. Some fishermen modified their methods and continued harvesting in the affected area, but others abandoned the affected area and fished lakes and rivers along the recently constructed road network. It is concluded that earlier impact assessments fell short of predicting these impacts. Key words: environmental impact, social impact, hydroelectric projects, northern development, James Bay, northern Quebec, subsistence fisheries, native harvesting, Coregonus clupeaformis, Coregonus artedii


ABSTRACT Roots are important plant organs that absorb water and nutrients. Root length responses are influenced by the plants' sources of nitrogen (N), such as ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3 −) ions and their concentrations. Here, to determine the genetic resources with the potential to improve the root system of rice (Oryza sativa L.), the root development traits of a core set of 334 introgression lines (ILs) were assessed in plants grown in hydroponic culture medium containing low (5 μM) or high (500 μM) concentrations of N in the form of NH4 + or NO3 −. ILs were classified into three clusters. The mean value of maximum root length (MRL) in cluster I was significantly higher than that in the other two clusters under all conditions. Root number (RN) differed significantly between clusters IIa and IIb, with the mean RN being higher in cluster IIa. In addition, the order of the mean total root length of the clusters was cluster I > IIa > IIb. Therefore, ILs in cluster I are considered genetic resources for improving root development traits under all tested N conditions. Among the ILs, YTH187 – which is derived from YP5 as a donor – had a longer MRL under all conditions. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses, performed using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between IR 64 and YTH187, revealed that qRL5.3-YP5 and qRL6.5-YP5 were detected under all N conditions. In contrast, qRL4.1-YP5 was detected only under low KNO3 concentrations, whereas qRL8.1-YP5 was detected under high concentrations of NH4Cl and KNO3. YP5 alleles at these QTLs increased MRL. QTLs for root length in rice grown in hydroponic culture have not previously been detected in the vicinity of qRL8.1-YP5; thus, this may be a novel QTL that controls root length in rice. Moreover, qRL8.1-YP5 and qRL4.1-YP5 could be useful QTLs to determine the mechanism of root elongation under KNO3 conditions because such QTLs have not yet been detected under these conditions in rice. In future studies, further fine-mapping and characterization of qRL8.1-YP5 could reveal the mechanism of root elongation under high KNO3 concentration conditions.


In this paper, we develop new algorithms for parameter estimation in the case of models type Input/Output in order to represent and to characterize a phenomenon Y. From experimental data Y_{1},...,Y_{n} supposed to be i.i.d from Y, we prove risk bounds qualifying the proposed procedures in terms of the number of experimental data n, computing budget m and model complexity. The methods we present are general enough which should cover a wide range of applications.


Reductive cleavage of the C-ring of the zeyherin epimers 2 and 4 with sodium cyanoboranuide [Na(CN)BH2] permits the first assessment of the absolute configuration of biflavonoids and 2-benzyl-2-hydroxybenzofuranones.


Aviation NO, emissions are byproducts of combustion in the presence of molecular nitrogen. In the upper troposphere, NO, emissions result in the formation of 03 but also reduce the lifetime of CH4 , causing an indirect reduction in the formation of 03. Meta studies by Lee et al. and Prather et al. concluded that the short-lived 03 radiative forcing (RF) was greater than the combined long-lived CH4 and 03 RFs, leading to a net positive RF (4.5 to 14.3 mW/m2 per Tg of NO, emissions). However, few simulations assess the surface air temperature (SAT) response, or conduct a large ensemble simulation with climate feedback in the cases where SAT is predicted. We aim to quantify the climate forcing and temperature response of aviation NO, emissions. Eight 400-member ensemble simulations are conducted with an earth system model of intermediate complexity. Inter-scenario comparisons between emissions starting in 1991, 2016 and 2036 with mid-range and high anthropogenic emissions are performed. We then determine the existence of long-term temporal heterogeneity of climate forcing and impact. The global net RF of an aviation NO, emissions inventory is positive from 1991 to 2100 while leading to a global average SAT responses of -0.068 K in 2100. Despite the positive zonal RF in the Northern Hemisphere of up to 413.9 mW/m2 at 45*N, all latitudes experience cooling after 2075. In another scenario, constant aviation NO, emissions at 4.1 Tg/year cause a global net RF of near zero while leading to a SAT response of -0.020 K in 2100. The unexpected temperature behavior in both scenarios is attributed to the forcing from CH4 destruction being 64% more effective in generating a SAT response than the 03 forcing. Despite the positive net RF, the probability of aviation NO. emissions being cooling is 67% because of the relative difference in 03 and CH4 efficacies.


Objective:To establish the method for simultaneous ultrasonic extraction and determination of morin and quercetin in compound Yuxingcao tablets sample using RP-HPLC.Methods:The optimum conditions for the extraction of morin and quercetin from compound Yuxingcao tablets sample were studied using orthogonal test.A Shim-pack VP-ODS column (150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was adopted with the mobile phase of methanol-0.3% phosphoric acid(50∶ 50) at the flow rate of 0.7 mL·min-1;the detection wavelength was 260 nm.Results:The optimum conditions including 50% ethanol as the extractant,ultrasonic temperature of 40-45 ℃,(solid-liquid ratio of 1 g∶ 20 mL),ultrasonic time of 10 min,and twice ultrasonication.The calibration curve of morin was linear in the range of 0.8-100.0 μg·mL-1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9998.The calibration curve of quercetin was linear in the range of 1.5-50.0 μg·mL-1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9993.Conclusion:The method is convenient,rapid and accurate,and is suitable for the simultaneous determination of morin and quercetin in compound Yuxingcao tablets sample.


contributions. The meat of the book is the indexes themselves. Miller notes that 'no entries have been omitted, however miscellaneous or minor they may seem now' (xxii), which is a sound editorial policy. He also makes the highly relevant observation that 'any index can only be as good as the headwords, but here it must be stressed that they are the ones as they appeared in the General Indexes' (xxi) of the first fifteen 'series' of Notes and Queries. Nevertheless, while the author has not indexed the material afresh, he has not simply copy–pasted and combined the indexes printed at the end of each 'series' of the journal—he has renamed, respelt, and regularized selected keywords, and has sorted the references into nine categories, namely: Folklore, Songs and Ballads, Proverbs, Rhymes, Phrases, Riddles, Dialects, Provincialisms, and Nursery Rhymes (listed here not in the order found in the book, but in order of popularity). 'Folklore' has over five thousand references, taking up forty-four pages of the work, while 'Nursery Rhymes' has just sixty-one, which take up half a page. To give an idea of the breadth of the material the book indexes, we can list at random a dozen consecutive references: 'Leading apes in Hell', Leap year, Leckhampton (Gloucestershire), 'Led Will', Leeches to be killed, Lourdes, Legless spirits, Leicester, Lent crocking, Leprosy, Letters at the candle, Lettuce. It has long been my sense that the fifth series (i.e. the one covering the period in which The Folklore Society was established) was the richest one for folklore, but a thumbing of this work suggests that the first and fourth series were also rich periods, perhaps even richer ones. A proper investigation of the material to which the book grants access will reveal a great deal about the landscape of English folklore and also the history of the documentation of this folklore. While the author mentions much relevant material, including an important letter from Thoms to none other than Jacob Grimm, now held in Warsaw (and reproduced in Folklore, vol. 125, no. 3), the 1984 index for the proverbial material in Notes and Queries made by Wolfgang Mieder and Thoms's 1859 anthology of folklore contributions from the first series of Notes and Queries are not the focus of interest. It would also be interesting to observe how Mieder and Miller differ in their indexing, and informative to find which items from the first series Thoms chose to omit from his anthology—something which may provide a clearer picture of Thoms's understanding of folklore than is available in any of his explicit statements. But these are topics for another day. As it is, Miller's diligent work serves as a dowsing rod that, rightly used, can reveal hidden streams full of unsuspected folklore data.


The Myf‐6 gene, a novel member of the human gene family of muscle determination factors has been detected by its highly conserved sequence coding for a putative helix‐loop‐helix domain. This sequence motif is a common feature of all Myf factors and other regulatory proteins. The new Myf gene is located on human chromosome 12, approximately 6.5 Kb upstream of the Myf‐5 locus in a closely linked cluster of myogenic determination genes. Myf‐6 cDNAs were isolated from human and mouse skeletal muscle, the only tissue in which expression of the corresponding mRNA was observed. In contrast to human primary muscle cell cultures which express moderate levels of Myf‐6 mRNA, most established rodent muscle cell lines completely lack this mRNA. Myogenic 10T1/2 cells, however, induced by the expression of either pEMSV‐Myf‐4 or pEMSV‐Myf‐5 activate their endogenous mouse Myf‐6 gene. Constitutive expression of Myf‐6 cDNA in C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts establishes the muscle phenotype at a similar frequency to the previously characterized myogenic factors. Moreover, muscle‐specific CAT reporter constructs containing either the human myosin light chain (MLC) enhancer or the promoter of the embryonic myosin light chain gene are activated in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts or in CV1 kidney cells by cotransfection of Myf‐6 expression vehicles. This transcriptional activation occurs in the absence of any apparent conversion of the cellular phenotype of the recipient cells. Glutathione‐S‐transferase fusion proteins with Myf‐3, Myf‐4 or Myf‐5 specifically bind to a MEF‐like consensus sequence present in the human MLC enhancer and the MLC1 emb promoter. In contrast, the Myf‐6 hybrid protein interacts weakly with the same sequences showing lower affinity and reduced specificity. Since co‐expressed pEMSV‐Myf‐6, nevertheless, is able to activate transcription of the MLC‐CAT reporter constructs in non‐muscle tissue culture cells, the different DNA binding properties in vitro might suggest that transactivation of gene expression by Myf‐6 involves distinct binding sites and/or additional protein factors.


Food and eating in schools have most often been thought of as utilitarian parts of the day, as distractions, and, for education researchers, as lacking incentives to study or even as objects of derision rather than serious concern. Yet there are good reasons why scholars of education should consider food and food practices. These include the confounding influences of school food's impact on health and on academics, its effects on teaching and administration, the role schools play in teaching about food, implications for the environment and for other species, the large sums of money involved, the window that food provides into identity and culture, food's influence on educational policy and politics, and the social justice concerns around food.


One of the most crucial issues, during the operation of power system, is to deal with the power failures timely and rapidly in case the accident grows bigger, which calls for our operators and controllers to judge the fault facilities correctly. Based on the development of science and information technology aimed at automatic control upon power grid, we put for-ward a method of online fault diagnosis which comprehensive use three-state data (steady, dynamic, transient state), co-processes on the time, space and information dimensions of data sources together, to improve real-time, reliability and practicality of power fault diagnosis. It also incorporates the visualization technology to achieve hierarchical and intelligent linkage visualization of power fault information,which improve intelligent level of Fault Disposal.


We have proved in the light of mathematics that three orders of extincted species exist as habitat destruction under the condition of best competitors with most abundant and equal mortality and D 1=q (1) a better competitors always go extinct together with an inferior competitor; (2) if there exists a minus fluctuation in the colonization rate,the better (or poorer) and the poorer (or better) competitor always goes extinct alternately; (3) if there exists a positive fluctuation in the colonization rate,the better competitors always go extinct first. Ref 7


Deuterium (D)-retention and -release behaviour from bulk solid tungsten (W) samples exposed to the outer divertor of ASDEX Upgrade were investigated. In the present plasma loading condition, no remarkable blister formation and no severe cracking/melting were observed on the W sample. D retained at the surface (up to ∼7 μm) was measured by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and total D retention was determined by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). By comparison of the NRA and TDS results, it was found that D was dominantly retained in the bulk (up to 90% of retained D was in the bulk beyond the NRA detection range). The amount of D retention in bulk solid W increased almost in proportional to the square root of the incident fluence, which suggests that D diffusion plays a key role in the D accumulation in the bulk.


Dairy producers in Ethiopia practice mainly traditional milk processing methods, and also recognize the benefit of milk value addition to increase income, minimize postharvest losses and prolong shelf life. Contrary to the existing knowledge, producers' participation in the value addition is generally limited to few traditional products. The objective of this study was to examine determinants of participation in milk value addition practices by milk producers in Asella milk-shed. The respondent dairy farmers (n= 178) were selected randomly by employing multi stage sampling techniques; following purposeful selection of the study district and kebeles. Heckman's two stage model was used to assess determinants of participation in the decision and extent of participation in milk value addition practices at farm level. The present study indicated that 77% of the households had added value to their milk products. The results of the Heckman's two stage model showed that milk value addition decision is positively and significantly affected by perceived price of value added products, access to livestock extension services, family size and level of education by household heads. The decision to participate in milk value additions were negatively affected by the number of children under six years of age, household head's age, membership to primary dairy cooperatives and owning only cross breed cows. On the other hand, the volume of milk produced, amount of non-dairy income, and access to livestock extension services positively affected the extent of participation in milk value addition. The results suggest that the decision to participate in value addition and extent of value addition depends on household characteristics, perceived benefit of value addition, access to extension service and breed type. Hence, due attention should be given to enhance households' capacity to add value by creating awareness, strengthening extension service and productivity.


A method for position tracking includes receiving signals from a main position transducer at a distal end of a medical probe via wiring traversing the probe to a connector at a proximal end of the probe, for connection to a processor, which processes the signals to find a first position of the distal end. Calibration data with respect to an interference introduced into the signals at the connector is collected as a function of a position of the proximal end. A second position of an auxiliary position transducer at the proximal end of the probe is measured. The interference in the signals is canceled responsively to the measured second position and the calibration data. The first position is calculated based on the signals, after canceling the interference.


: Two big ideas have taken center stage in recent discussions of moral responsibility: the idea that whether one is responsible, blameworthy or praiseworthy for an action is a matter of the quality of will manifested in the action, and the idea that it is instead a matter of what you do and whether it is in your control. These two ideas are often taken to be opposed to each other, appearing to give different verdicts in a range of cases from psychopaths' crimes to expressions of implicit bias. In this paper I explore the nature of the opposition. In particular, I take up the question of whether proponents of the two groups are sometimes talking past each other by aiming to explicate distinct concepts (for example, to oversimply, one group is interested in what it takes to be deserving of some harm or benefit while another is instead more exclusively focused on what it takes for certain moral emotions to be appropriate). In working out the answer to this question, I show how we are led to the more fundamental question of whether we can or should separate debates about desert from those about the aptness of moral emotions, appropriate changes to relationships and more.


emerged as a nation-state, Turkey emerged as a state-nation (p.71). The top-down approach in state-building in Turkey, which materialized thanks to the grassroot movement in France, failed to enable all its Kurdish citizens to incorporate in the newly-founded state voluntarily. Some Kurdish citizens incorporated in the state, while some others did not and/or could not. In his pursuit, in Chapter 5, of whether multiculturalist approach can really end conflicts, Kuzu argues that while popular opinion on the theory of multiculturalism is highly appreciated by most intellectuals and institutions, there is a need for case-specific interpretation of multiculturalism. He also emphasizes that the historical relationship between the state and its national minorities is of crucial importance in the practice of multicultural policies. In his assessment of whether multicultural approach terminates the conflict between the Turkish state and its Kurdish population, he argues that Kurdish population in Turkey is fragmented, and thus conventional multicultural approach in Turkey's context is doomed to failure. Here, Kuzu's analysis pertaining to the fragmented nature of Kurdish population in Turkey deserves the credit, where hementions the tension that still persists between Zaza and Kurmanci, Alawite and Sunni, conciliatory and radical, western and eastern and religious and Marxist Kurds in Turkey (p.98). This is an issue that has mostly been missed out by western scholarship. This fragmented nature of the Kurdish population in Turkey makes it almost impossible for the Turkish state to develop sound, spot-on policies for the issue. On the page of 110 of Chapter 5, Kuzu touches on the 6–7 October events of 2014, which claimed the lives of 50. Here, he mentions this event in order to demonstrate the fragmented nature of the Kurds in Turkey by giving HUDA-PAR and HDP—PKK as an example with a couple of lines and says 'there were clashes between the supporters of Huda-Par and HDP'. Anyone who is not familiar with the issue may have the misconception as to this event that it was an ordinary event due to a rivalry between the two. However, 6–7 October events of 2014 were triggered by the developments that took place in the city of Kobane within the Syrian borders after ISIS surrounded the city. HDP co-mayor Selahattin Demirtaş urged the pro-HDP-PKK Kurds to go out to protest the government's policies, and many state schools, libraries and public spaces were attacked. Therefore, this issue deserves a closer scrutiny. Perhaps, the book's greatest achievement is that it convinces the reader to the fact that universal theories can require re-interpretation depending on the context in which they will be practiced. Here, Kuzu features moderate multiculturalism, which offers a third way by combining the strengths of civic nationalism and ethno-centric multiculturalism. According to him, progressive implementation of a balanced, moderate multiculturalism that is simultaneously sensitive to the cultural freedoms of groups and to the equal opportunities of the individuals within seems to be the ideal solution in Turkey.


This first editorial of JSSJ explains the reasons for creating such a journal and its stance of openness to different definitions of what is just or unjust, to qualitative or quantitative methods, or a focus on redistributive or procedural justice.


Public policies affect the interests of different social groups, whereas organized interest groups can exert influences on the decision making process. Interest groups can provide relevant information, and ally with some information committees upon shared interests. A robust decision - making mechanism can inspire information revelation and prevent deflection of policy for public interests. Its realization relies on a rational arrangement of information channels. The information channels can be damaged if conflict exists between a public principal and information agencies. To deal with such a situation, some institutional mechanisms, such as the work of a delegation, or, mediation by coordination, should be arranged.


The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the systems compensated by a proportional fuzzy logic controller (PFLC) are capable of producing responses similar to those obtained from the systems compensated by a classical proportional-plus-derivative (PD) controller. Analysis of the output equation of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) shows that the PFLC output is a linear combination of the inputs over different ranges of operations. This linear combination for each specific range of operation can be designed to provide overshoot and rise time reduction similar to those obtained from the classical proportional-plus-derivative (PD) controller but without the derivative input. Simulations of a control system demonstrate the improved performance of the PFLC over the classical proportional controller.


Image hashing is a new technology in multimedia security. It maps visually identical images to the same or similar short strings called image hashes, and finds applications in image retrieval, image authentication, digital watermarking, image indexing, and image copy detection. This paper presents a perceptual hashing for color images. The input image in RGB color space is firstly converted into a normalized image by interpolation and filtering. Color space conversions from RGB to YCbCr and HSI are then performed. Next, invariant moments of each component of the above two color spaces are calculated. The image hash is finally obtained by concatenating the invariant moments of these components. Similarity between image hashes is evaluated by L2 norm. Experiments show that the proposed hashing is robust against normal digital processing, such as JPEG compression, watermark embedding, gamma correction, Gaussian low-pass filtering, adjustments of brightness and contrast, image scaling, and image rotation. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) comparisons between the proposed hashing and singular value decompositions (SVD) based hashing, also called SVD-SVD hashing, presented by Kozat et al. at the 11th International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP'04) are conducted, and the results indicate that the proposed hashing shows better performances in robustness and discriminative capability than the SVD-SVD hashing.


Life stories are gathered information about a person, for example history, preferences, or habits. The method is often used in healthcare and care with the aim to support personalized care. This paper describes a project that explores how life stories can be gathered and made available by using interactive digital technology in new ways that supports a multi-sensory experience. Two workshops were conducted with participants from elder care, researchers, and designers. The aim with the first workshop was to frame the concept and to gain a deeper understanding of important aspects to consider. The aim with the second workshop was to gain a better understanding of the different user groups. The insights from the workshops are presented with respect to content, users, usage and interaction with different user groups. Important aspects that were brought up was ownership of the solution. This aspect is important since it is likely to affect what kind of information the users are willing to share. The kind of information a person is willing to share are also dependent on if it is friends, family or care giving personnel that will have access to the information. Further, it will be necessary to decide about how the solution will be used and if its focus should be on presenting information about a person's history or if the focus should be on creating value in the moment.


The following case report is of a female jogger's inferior pubic ramus fracture. Important clues in the conditioned athlete are recent changes in training techniques, mileage, or footwear. New joggers usually develop stress fractures two to three months after beginning the exercise. Plain roentgenographic findings in pelvic stress fractures may be delayed but radionuclide bone imaging is a simple and useful tool for early diagnosis.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how the organizational recovery response to other‐customer failure influences the affected customer's level of satisfaction, unfavorable word‐of‐mouth (WOM), and repurchase intentions toward the firm.Design/methodology/approach – Two experimental studies: 2 (complaint versus no complaint)×3 (employee effort (EE): high versus low versus no)×2 (compensation versus no compensation) were used to test the research hypotheses in a restaurant context.Findings – In cases of other‐customer failure, the outcome valence (failure discontinues versus continues) influences how complainants and non‐complainants rate their perceptions of satisfaction and subsequent behavioral intentions toward the firm. Customers who perceive that there has been good EE made to help solve the problem of other‐customer failure give higher service evaluations than those who perceive little or no EE. Additionally, there are insignificant differences in the rating of satisfaction, repurchase ...


Objective To investigate the sensitivity of different leukemic patients to different anti leukemia drugs.Methods Leukemic bone marrow cells was cultured in CFU GM medium in suspension and observed about their sensitivity to different drugs after adding anti leukemia medicines comparing with the control group.Results There is difference in sensitivity to anti leukemic drugs among different patients, the morphology and structure of the cells in the experimental group changed significantly or died.Conclusion The method offers an important index to assess the sensitivity of different drugs and provides an excellent reference in clinical therapy.


The initial hypotension and bradycardia after ECT are greater with auricular stimulation than with forehead stimulation. The subsequent hypertension and tachycardia are also greater with the former.


A necessary dispersion requirement is given for the effective relative permeability μr(ω) and permittivity er(ω) as a function of frequency for low-loss homogeneous dispersive materials and negative refractive index materials, in particular, if they exist at some dimensional scale D. The requirements are valid both for isotropic and uniaxial materials, the latter is defined by material properties that are invariant under a rotation about a principal axis. Using asymptotic requirements at zero frequency and Foster's reactance theorem, the general bandgap structure is given for low-loss materials. It is shown that such materials can only be achieved if the material exhibits finite bandgaps separating regions of positive and/or negative refractive index regions. In degenerate cases, the bandgaps shrink to zero but low-loss propagation remains impossible in the neighbourhood of the critical frequencies. The effect of small losses are considered and compared with Stockman's criterion. Losses may be arbitrarily small within a band provided there are no bounds to the size of the real parts of the relative permittivity and permeability at the band edges. A numerical example is given showing the effect of small losses.


Allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are widespread respiratory allergic diseases. In some territories of the Russian Federation, the dominant cause of pollinosis is ragweed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and immunological efficacy of ASIT with the allergen Ambrosia artemisiifolia in patients sensitized to Ambrosia trifida in the Samara region. Patients with proven sensitization to Ambrosia trifida was held immunotherapy with Ambrosia artemisiifolia allergoid preseason. After treatment, patients had a decrease in the severity of symptoms of allergic rhinitis according to VAS (p = 0.00001), a decrease in the need for medications (p = 0.0003), as well as the need for corticosteroids against the background of therapy from 34.6% to 0% (p = 0.00001). In 8% of cases, the result of treatment was good, in 69% satisfactory, in 23% unsatisfactory. In the control group, there were no changes in the severity of symptoms (p = 0.858). Also, in the control group, the need for medications remained unchanged and 14.3% of patients continued to use corticosteroids.After ASIT, there was a decrease in the level of IL-4 (p = 0.002), and a decrease in the ratio of IL-4/ IL-10 (p = 0.0063); at the same time, changes in the level of other cytokines (IL-10; IFNγ) were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Before treatment, the levels of IL-4/ IL-10 in both groups were comparable, and after treatment, the differences became statistically significant (p = 0.031). We did not get a statistically significant change in the level of IgG4 Amb a 1 or IgG4 Amb trifida. There was no correlation between the level of individual cytokines and the results of treatment. As a result of the conducted ASIT, positive clinical and immunological results were obtained. In most patients, the disease has acquired a controlled course. At the same time, the lack of excellent and low number of good results of ASIT is probably due to the intraspecific allergenic properties of ragweed.


Visean goniatites from the top of the P1 Zone are described. Eight new species and one variety are erected. A new genus Hibernicoceras is proposed for the reception of some of these. Observations are made on the genus Praedaraelites of Schindewolf.


77 Table 1 Solid tumor samples (n) and HLA-A LOH frequency (%) http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-SITC2022.0077 Abstracts J Immunother Cancer 2022;10(Suppl 2):A1–A1595 A83 PR EP RI NT Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (JITC) preprint. The copyright holder for this preprint are the authors/funders, who have granted JITC permission to display the preprint. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.


The discipline of wildlife damage management , under the broader umbrella of wildlife management, is an evolving field; techniques change and the social and political atmosphere that influences our actions is shifting constantly. As time /money constraints pinch tighter into the education system, it is imperative that we pool resources and expertise. Many schools are doing that already and this paper provides a synopsis of those efforts and addresses some of the concerns about not having a wildlife damage course. I sent out an email questionnaire to all state wildlife specialists and received responses from 24. The questionnaire focused on their involvement with education in WDM for students at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Results indicate that courses in WDM can serve as a paradigm for team teaching by using teaching faculty, extension specialists and Wildlife Services biologists.


Electrooxidation behavior of ethanol at the Pt-WO_(3)/C and Pt/C electrodes was investigated by LSV techniques.It was found that the electrocatalytic activity of the Pt-WO_(3)/C electrode for electrooxidation of ethanol is higher than that of the Pt/C electrode either in acidic and neutral solutions.The good behavior at the Pt-WO_(3)/C electrode for ethanol electrooxidation is due to that WO_(3) could supply the oxygen-containing species necessary for the electrooxidation of ethanol.The experimental results also show that Pt-WO_(3)/C electrode can promote the CO_(ad) electrooxidation.CO_(ad) is believed to be the intermediate of ethanol oxidation and the main poison of Pt catalyst.CO_(ad)can be electrooxidated at lower potential at Pt-WO_(3)/C than at Pt/C electrode and can be removed from the surface of(Pt-WO_(3)/C) electrode more easily.


Objective: To explore the changes of neuroendocrine-immuno network in brain during experimental spleen-deficiency combined with gastric ulcer syndrome. Methods : Immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay were used. Results : Immunohistochemical study showed that the level of somatostatin(SST), substance P(SP), vascular active intestinal peptide (VIP), interleukin-2 (IL-2) secreted by neural cells in brain was higher during 4 and 14 days in spleen-deficiency combined with gastric ulcer. The level of SST in plasm and hypothalamus was also higher by radioimmunoassay. Conclusion :(1)The function of neuroendocrine-immuno has some changes in brain during experimental spleen-deficiency combined with gastric ulcer in rats. (2)Advanced neural center participates in the regulation during spleen-deficiency combined with gastric ulcer.


Intraocular pressure (IOP) is only the starting point for glaucoma treatment. Successful treatment begins with establishing an IOP goal, but there are multiple considerations that affect treatment choices. Robert Stamper, MD, explored the considerations that go into drug selection. None of the factors that should influence drug selection are new, he said, but it is easy to forget that the patient with glaucoma likely has other medical problems and is taking other medications.


How do political parties respond to external shocks? Using an original survey of political parties across Europe conducted in June 2020 and CHES data on partisan ideological positioning, we argue that the pre-existing ideological stances of Europe's political parties shaped their response to emerging Covid-19 policy issues, including the tension between economic normalization and containment, legal versus voluntary enforcement, and the role of science in policymaking. We find that party ideology powerfully predicts how parties, both in government and in opposition, responded to the pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


Accumulation of snow under forest canopies is known to decline with increasing canopy density and leaf area because of snow interception and sublimation in the canopy. Seasonal snow accumulation measurements collected over a decade from various forest stands in western Canada were used to test and develop methods to relate forest snow accumulation to stand properties and observations of either small clearing seasonal snow accumulation or seasonal snowfall. At substand scales, the variability of seasonal snow accumulation was not well related to stand leaf area, seasonal interception or small clearing seasonal snow accumulation. At the stand-scale, physically-based snow interception equations predicted seasonal snow accumulation from the stand leaf area and the seasonal snow accumulation or snowfall in adjacent clearings. A simple parametric form of these equations showed the sensitivity of seasonal snow accumulation to leaf area at the forest stand scale and suggested a relationship to extrapolate snow accumulation or snowfall measurements from clearings to forests. These relationships, developed from Canadian boreal forest observations, are consistent with Kuz'min's (1960) relationship between accumulation and canopy density derived from Russian observations, suggesting a good degree of transferability.


This paper proposes a classification scheme that combines statistical models and support vector machines. It exploits the fact (observed in [1]) that GMM and SVM classifiers with roughly the same level of performance produce uncorrelated errors. We describe a novel scheme which employs an SVM classifier as an "advisor" to the GMM classifier in uncertain cases. The utility of the combined generative/discriminative approach is demonstrated on standard text-independent speaker verification and speaker identification tasks in matched and mismatched training and test conditions. Results indicate significant improvements in performance without much computational overhead.


There are various learning style instruments like the Kolb Learning Style Indicator, the Gregorc Style Delineator, the Felder Silverman Index of Learning Styles, the VARK Questionnaire, and the Dunn and Dunn Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (Amit J. Shah, 2007). Here we focus on the Felder-Silverman model of learning dimensions, and this is the model we based our survey on. To analyze learning style preferences of PhD students at the Faculties of Engineering and Science at Lund University, we used an online questionnaire. The survey contained ten questions. Four of which asked the participants to categorize themselves according to the four dimensions of the Felder Silverman model. The remaining questions were more general and addressed individual learning preferences. By cross tabulating various learning dimensions with answers to questions regarding education: like preferred ways of examination, lab organization, study methods etc., we were able to show correlations that could potentially be useful during course evaluation and improvement as well as for organizing PhD studies.


Synopsis: The authors made investigations into the state of molten steel near the solid phase of a ingot of 9~20 tons with a sampler which had been described in report No. 1. (p. 467~470, April, 1958 of this issue.) The results obtained were as follows: 1. Carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, hydrogen and nitrogen concentrated into liquid phase along with the progress of solidification. The quantity of it, (in case it was indicated based on the value at a tundish immediately before casting), was as follows: 1.40 times for carbon, 1.10 times for silicon and manganese, 1.50 times for phosphorus and sulphur above 2.00 times for hydrogen and nitrogen, 2. In the process of solidification, the total quantity of oxygen in molten steel near the solid-liquid border line showed inclination to decrease with the progress of the solidification. *昭 和31年 秋 本 会広 島大 会 に発 表 **K .K.日 本 製 鋼所,室 蘭 製作 所 研究 部 理 博 ***" "研 究部