M-5 fumed silica was surface-modified by γ-Methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane,the change of surface status about fumed silica before and after treatment was characterized by FT-IR;Modified silica was added to Methyl-block room temperature vulcanizable (RTV) silicone rubber, the mechanical properties of which were tested;Metal and silicone rubber was also treated by silane coupling agent, the water contact angle of which were measured by the contact angle instrument. The FT-IR results showed that silane coupling agent molecular group was grafted on the surface of fumed silica. The mechanical properties tests showed that silica which was modified by silane coupling agent reinforced silicone rubber obviously, the maximum tensile strength value of silicone rubber silica is 2.65 MPa. When metal and silicone rubber surface were treated by silane coupling agent, water contact angle decreases, the adhesion bond strength increases; when the surface of silicon rubber and metal were treated by KH550 and KH560 coupling agent solution, the largest adhesion bond strength can reach 1.5 MPa.


Two moss species, Bryum argenteum Hedw. and Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv., were treated with different phytohormones in order to investigate their morphogenesis. In vitro cultures of these two moss species were established from sterilized spores. The apical shoots of untreated gametophytes grown in vitro were used to investigate the influence of different growth substances on secondary protonema and on growth and multiplication of the gametophyte. The two moss species react differently to the growth regulators applied.


Platinum diselenide (PtSe2) field‐effect transistors with ultrathin channel regions exhibit p‐type electrical conductivity that is sensitive to temperature and environmental pressure. Exposure to a supercontinuum white light source reveals that positive and negative photoconductivity coexists in the same device. The dominance of one type of photoconductivity over the other is controlled by environmental pressure. Indeed, positive photoconductivity observed in high vacuum converts to negative photoconductivity when the pressure is raised. Density functional theory calculations confirm that physisorbed oxygen molecules on the PtSe2 surface act as acceptors. The desorption of oxygen molecules from the surface, caused by light irradiation, leads to decreased carrier concentration in the channel conductivity. The understanding of the charge transfer occurring between the physisorbed oxygen molecules and the PtSe2 film provides an effective route for modulating the density of carriers and the optical properties of the material.


For offshore bridges, the most prominent problem in the whole life cycle is that it is in an earthquake prone zone and an offshore corrosion environment at the same time. A nonlinear dynamic analysis model is set up for an offshore multispan and continuous rigid frame bridge based on the OpenSEES platform. The fragility surface of the bridge pier, bearing, bridge platform, and system are established by selecting a reasonable damage constitutive model of the material durability and a damage index analysis that studies the damage of the bridge durability to time-varying seismic fragility of bridge components and the system of the whole life cycle in offshore environment. The results show that the durability damage will lead to a constant decline in seismic capacity of the pier and an increase of the seismic demand under earthquake action as well as the probability to reach the ultimate failure state; compared to high piers, a low pier is more vulnerable to the offshore corrosion environment; the seismic fragility of bridge platform is higher than that of simply bearing; and the influence of offshore corrosion on environment is relatively large. With the prolongation of service period, the effect of durability damage on the seismic fragility of bridge system cannot be ignored in the coastal environment and it is necessary to make a reasonable evaluation on the seismic fragility of bridge structure during the whole life period.


Objective:To investigate the left ventricular rotation in patients with atrial septal defect(ASD)after transcatheter closure of ASD.Methods:Using speckle tracking imaging(STI),the rotation of 6 segments of basal and apical short-axises were measured repeatedly in 25 patients with ASD before and after closure.25 healthy subjects were included as controls.The global rotation of the 6 segments in basal and apical short-axises versus time profile were drawn,and the peak rotation of basal and apical short-axises were calculated.LV ejection fraction(EF)was measured by biplane Simpson method.Results:Compared with healthy subjects,the peak rotation of antsept wall,laterior wall,posterior wall,inferior wall and postsept wall in basal of ASD group were lower(P 0.05).There was no significant difference between two groups on the peak rotation.LV rotation of apical short-axise increased after close,but was still lower than that of control group(P 0.05).Conclusion:Transcatheter closure of ASD could increase rotation of basal short-axises,and also improve LV twist.


Mixed integer linear programming is frequently applied to identify promising design solutions of energy supply systems. However, application-relevant optimization models are often associated with complicating model features, e.g. numerous discrete design candidates or a large time horizon of the optimization. So, even state-of-the-art solvers may be confronted with major challenges to find satisfying solutions within reasonable time. In this paper a systematic multi-stage optimization approach is proposed that is intended to support the available algorithms in solving these complex problems. The basic idea of the approach is the distribution of the original problem into two major levels. On the first level, promising design candidates are generated using simplified optimization models. These simplifications are achieved through time series aggregation and the relaxation of operational binary variables. In the second stage, the objective values of the design candidates for the original problem are determined. The division of the problem into two stages leads to a significant reduction in required optimization time but simultaneously leads to an uncertainty regarding the quality of the found solution. Therefore, in a subsequent step, it is checked whether the objective value is within an acceptable distance from the theoretically best solution. If this is not the case, the first two steps are iteratively repeated. The proposed multi-stage approach is applied to the optimization of an energy supply system located in Germany. The results show a superior performance regarding required optimization time over conventional methods.


Twenty scented rice varieties along with a national cheak Pusa Basmati-1 were evaluated for various physico-chemical characters to their possible use as donors in rice quality improvement programmes as well as for consumption and export purposes. Varieties showed wide range of variation for aroma and chalkiness of endosperm indicating broad scope for improvement through selection. The highest kermel length was recorded in Khao Dowk Mali 105 (8.33 mm) followed by KCN 80152 (7.89 mm) and Hawa Kikwai (7.72 mm) which may be utilized as donors for developing long grains varieties. Overall five varieties, namely Khao Dawk Mail 105, Pakistani Basmati, Khao Hawn, Basmati Sathi and Basmati Champaran were identified superior among all of them as well as over Pusa Basmati-1 for most of the quality characters, which can be used as donors for quality improvement as well as for consumption and export purposes.


Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors might be an efficient traction solution for hybrid and full electric vehicles. This technology makes the use of soft magnetic composites (SMC) attractive for both manufacturing and performance reasons. Eddy currents in the iron can provide a natural transient damper and/or flux weakener and the iron losses might be compensated by the high torque density of axial structures. The main problematics of magnetic modeling in AFPM motors made with bulk SMC teeth and poles are leakage at the ends, slots effects and finally damping and losses. This paper deals with the material and geometry-dependent magnetic modeling of such a 3-D machine for design purpose considering a maximum a priori effect. Section I begins with the context, state-of-the-art and the geometrical modeling compatible with axial structures. In Section II, the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) of the machine is built, then the quasi-static electromagnetic behavior is computed, with time and space harmonics in a steady state. Section III is dedicated to an investigation of magnetic damping and losses, inside lumped parameters, either in a steady state or in a transient state. In Section IV, provided calculations are compared with each other, to the finite element method and to measurements.


Maps and Figures Foreword / Michael Jackson Foreword / Peter Grant Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Reciprocities of a Pole-Raising Feast 3. A Giving Environment: Nutrition and Seasonal Round 4. A Kinship Economy 5. Production Management and Social Hierarchy 6. Gifts, Exchange, and Trade 7. Owners and Stewards 8. Epilogue Afterword: Back to the Future / Don Ryan, Masgaak Notes References Index


Male inmates imagined themselves accused of wrongful injury of another. They then evaluated their preference for use of inquisitorial, single-investigator, double-investigator, assigned-adversary, or choice-adversary procedures for adjudication of this charge. Results support previous laboratory findings of greatest preference for the choice-adversary procedure. The major correlate of inmates preferences was the extent to which a procedure was perceived to favor the defendant. Contrary to expectation, individuals familiar with the inquisitorial procedure, rather than individuals unfamiliar with it, preferred this procedure less, judged it less fair to both sides, less likely to result in a fair and just decision, and less likely to yield the best possible decision.


Component technology develops rapidly and has been attached much importance to in recent years. Component model and distributed application are the trends of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. This paper begins with an analysis of distributed GIS based on Component Object Model, after which an ideal distributed GIS model is presented. Finally the future development of distributed GIS is anticipated.


The focus of this paper is on a specific component of the capital punishment debate: delays in capital punishment. Although the legal justifications for delays in capital punishment cases, such as the right of the writ of habeas corpus, are well known, the analysis of the economic costs and benefits of delaying executions is limited. Fluctuations in the political consensus regarding capital punishment and resulting changes in the imposition of the death penalty in practice suggest that such costs and benefits are important to policymakers. The employment of option value theory is useful when considering the implementation of the death penalty because it involves an action that has uncertain net benefits and that is irreversible.


The author of the paper discourses on the prospects of education in the context of the global tendency towards informatization and virtualization of the modern world, influence of these processes on personalized senses of education and educational values and related problems of methodological and technological education in relation to the personalized meanings and educational values. Educational individualization is defined by the author as the most expected way of educational evolution. Distance learning is studied as the main example of the modern transformative educational model. Asynchronous education is explored and characterized as one of the distance learning examples. While defining what asynchronous distance learning is, the author explores its role in the specifics of forming a subject to subject educational approach, while forecasting difficulties in creating holistic asynchronous educational environment. Gamification techniques in the educational process are studied with their respective opportunities and threats, examples in grad and post grad professional studies are provided, including but not limited to foreign language studies. Addictiveness as the goal and means of a build in gamification process is explored as the way to bridge the gap between students and the educators. The author studies gamification in the context of minimizing negative connotations from the educational process, while controversies between pain and game approaches of getting knowledge are brought into light.


Ship detecting using SAR image is an effective method of maritime safety monitoring.The common CFAR algorithm has a low detection performance of dim ship targets detection in high sea clutter.In this paper,an improved CFAR ship detection algorithm based on multi-scale stationary wavelet transform is proposed.Firstly,the optimal wavelet basis and decomposition level of wavelet transformation are chosen by experiments.Then the strengthened high frequency wavelet coefficients by multi-scale product are optimized using the exponentiation algorithm so as to increase the sea clutter to ship ratio of SAR images.After that a better detection result can be made using a simple CFAR algorithm.At the end,to verify the proposed algorithm,a comparison experiment with common CFAR algorithm is done using new satellite ALOS-PALSAR data.The experiment shows that the edge of ship can be double strengthened by Sym2-the optimal wavelet basis-and multi-scale product,and therefore the speckle is depressed.The proposed algorithm excels common CFAR algorithm in two aspects of increasing the detection and reducing the false alarm,which has better detection performance on dim ships in high sea clutter.


Our first home learning opportunity supports children to build their knowledge of growth and change with the chance to plant a sunflower at home through a 'family time bag.'


The present invention discloses a method for processing waste rubber powder for cement-based materials, comprising an inert inorganic powder material and waste rubber particles are mixed and the mixture was separated by physical methods such inert inorganic powder material is embedded in the step of crumb rubber. The method of the present invention, an inert inorganic powder material and the rubber particles may be mixed in any proportion required by the application, so that the inert inorganic powder is physically embedded in rubber material powder can be significantly increased rubber powder and cement paste of cement-based adhesive strength, while the rubber cement-based powder to increase the density of cement-based powder rubber to facilitate uniform distribution in the concrete.


Background: Menopause is an inevitable milestone in the reproductive life of every woman. The objective is to investigate menopausal knowledge, attitude, symptoms and management among the participants, to identify the differences according to their educational status and to examine correlations of knowledge, attitude and symptoms pertaining to menopause.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 10 months in postmenopausal women attending a tertiary care center in Pondicherry, India with a structured questionnaire developed on the basis of the objective of the study.Results: 330 postmenopausal women were recruited, and all were aware of their postmenopausal status. Mean age at menopause was 45.91±2.66 years. 54.5% were aware about what menopause was while 5.5% were unaware. 12.1% had proper knowledge about cause of menopause, whereas 3.6% said it is due to god's decision / turning point. Most prevalent symptoms were tiredness (89.6%) followed by vasomotor symptoms like hot flushes (88.5%) and night sweats (80.3%). Only 2.1% had used HRT for menopausal symptoms.Conclusions: Depth of knowledge is more important when concern is about greater health disrupter which tends to be imperceptible for a long time such as bone health and cardiovascular risk profile. Thus, the government could concentrate on providing health services to women in post reproductive age group also besides women in the reproductive age.


While Massachusetts's comprehensive programme of excise taxes, smoking bans and tobacco control has been argued to have significantly lowered cigarette consumption, this is the first study to examine the comprehensive nature of its programme and to control for factors other than tobacco programmes themselves while examining effects on taxed cigarette sales. Examination indicates strong support for the hypotheses that taxed sales in Massachusetts declined due to price increases, changes in income and smuggling. There is very limited support for the hypothesis that tobacco control spending or smoking bans contributed to falling cigarette sales. Possibilities are discussed that may explain why this study does not support most previous studies. These include failure to control for numerous factors that probably also influenced sales, that effects of tobacco control programmes might differ between states and that previous studies examined shorter time periods. It is hoped that this article will foster further examination of these issues so that we can better understand effectiveness of comprehensive tobacco control programmes when formulating recommendations about how governments should allocate their scarce resources towards such programmes.


In this paper the design of chair's vibration prompting system based on training simulator is pre- sented.The system's composition and hardware,software platform is introduced.This project that used indus- trial personal computer,PCI-1720,PCL-836 card,servo driver,servo motor to constitute a half closed loop servo-control system,so vibration of driver's chair is real-time controlled.


The present invention relates to that, in particular, an encoding apparatus and method of the video signal for simplifying motion estimation by referring to discrete cosine transform coefficients of a coding apparatus and method of the video signal through discrete cosine transform and motion estimation. In particular, the present invention is dispersed in the cosine method for motion estimation in a video frame compression system using a transform, wherein the respective blocks according to the number of DCT coefficients having a non-zero value among the DCT coefficients converted in block units and determining of the flatness, the current of the from part or all of the DCT coefficients corresponding to the flatness degrees of the blocks to reproduce the video frame data and configure the reference frame, the current video frame corresponding to the flatness degree of the reference frame It provides a method for dynamically changing a precision of a motion estimation for the macroblock. DCT, discrete cosine transform, IDCT, an inverse discrete cosine transform, motion estimation, motion prediction, DCT coefficient


The following article presents a series of recommendations which should be taken into account when internationalized software is being developed. Internationalized software is software free of any cultural dependencies and it is also optimized to be located on another geographical region. First we present a brief introduction to the topic and the close relationship between software internationalization and software localization, and then 19 recommendations are presented in four first stages of the framework proposed by the SWEBOK(1): requirements, design, development and testing.


Future mobile communication demands high mobility of user. An effect of this movement is that mobile users change its base station (BS) at much higher rate. Hence, handover is one of the most important aspects of mobility management for any cellular mobile technology. We have developed an analytical model for finding the handover rate in a cellular network. Moreover, analysis has been done with the help of two competitive broadband wireless access technologies i-e WiMAX and 3G. Both technologies are being deployed in many countries due to its high data rate applications. Mobility users are classified into two categories and results are investigated for three types of area (urban, suburban and rural). Some of our results suggest that WiMAX is more effective for rural areas as compared to urban and suburban environment.


The sessile lifestyle of plants requires them to cope with multitude of stresses in situ. In response to diverse environmental and intracellular cues, plant cell responds by massive reprograming of transcription and translation of stress response regulators, of which many rely on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) processing. This increased protein synthesis could exceed the capacity of precise protein quality control, leading to the accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins that triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). Such cellular stress responses are multi-layered and executed in different cellular compartments. Here, we will discuss the three main branches of UPR signaling in diverse eukaryotic systems, and describe various levels of ER stress response regulation that encompass transcriptional gene regulation by master transcription factors, post-transcriptional activities including cytoplasmic splicing, translational control, and multiple post-translational events such as peptide modifications and cleavage. In addition, we will discuss the roles of plant ER stress sensors in abiotic and biotic stress responses and speculate on the future prospects of engineering these signaling events for heightened stress tolerance.


Green turtles nest all year round on Aldabra, but nesting activity was found to be concentrated during the monsoon season (late November-April) rather than the dry season as previously reported. More trial nests and emergences were made during the dry season. This was considered to be the result of difficulties in nesting during this time of the year rather than to more females attempting to nest, because fewer nests were dug during this season. The number of beaches being used by the turtles has apparently increased but no clear reason could be provided for the varying levels of use of different beaches.


.................................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1. THE WHEAT-HESSIAN FLY INTERACTION ................................................... 1 References Cited ................................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 2. NO FITNESS COST FOR WHEAT'S H-GENE MEDIATED RESISTANCE TO HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) ................................................................ 12 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 12 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 13 Methods and Materials ...................................................................................................... 17 Results ............................................................................................................................... 22 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 33 References Cited ............................................................................................................... 41 CHAPTER 3. USING SEX PHEROMONE TRAPPING TO EXPLORE THREATS TO WHEAT FROM HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN THE UPPER GREAT PLAINS .......................................................................................................................... 47 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 47 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 48 Methods and Materials ...................................................................................................... 51 Results ............................................................................................................................... 56 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 63 References Cited ............................................................................................................... 70


Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) related to congenital heart disease is a common type of pulmonary arterial hypertension and it is associated with very poor prognosis. The disease is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle proliferation and insitu thrombosis in the pulmonary artery, eventually leading to right ventricular failure. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the key endothelial mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of PAH . Various endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms have been shown to affect NO production and it was hypothesized that variants of the eNOS gene may cause individual susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension .The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the eNOS G894T and 4b/4a polymorphisms are related to pulmonary hypertension in Egyptian children with congenital heart disease. Genotyping for the eNOS 4b/4a and G894T polymorphisms was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in 64 children with pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease, 92 children with congenital heart disease without pulmonary arterial hypertension and 80 healthy controls and showed that only the frequency of eNOS 894T allele (p < 0.0001) was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In conclusions our results advocate that there is a correlation between eNOS 894T allele and pulmonary arterial hypertension in Egyptian children with congenital heart disease. (Sherif Mohamed Yousry ; Yasser Sedky ; Sherif Mohamed Yousry ; Yasser Sedky . Relation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Genetic Polymorphisms and Pulmonary Hypertension in Egyptian Children with Congenital Heart Disease. J Am Sci 2014;10(12):124-130). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13


ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate anticancer drug exposure of non-health care professionals who administer drugs through a tube employing a method devised by us. Methods: The subjects were 30 general volunteers aged 22-84 years. They wore gloves and administered Indian ink, simulating an anticancer drug, to a multipurpose adult human-type patient care simulator through a tube using 5 types of syringe, and the area stained with Indian ink was measured. Results: When comparing the number of pixels among the syringes regardless of age, Syringe B showed the lowest number (11.8±3.1 cm2), and there was a significant difference between Syringes B and E. Furthermore, we compared the total number of pixels in each age group regardless of the type of syringe. In the 20-year-old group, it was the lowest (10.9±2.3 cm2) showing significant differences in comparison with the other groups. When Syringe B was used, the number of pixels was markedly lower than on adopting the other syringes. Conclusion: It was clarified that the level of exposure to anticancer drugs markedly varies depending on the type of syringe and age. It was also clarified that the method to evaluate exposure to anticancer drugs using Indian ink devised by us is simple and useful. Keywords : Oral anticancer drugs, Simple suspension method, Drug-administering persons' exposure.


The Nikkei Newspaper Digital Archive Project (NNDAP) began in July 2011. A joint project of the Hokubei Hochi Foundation and University of Washington Libraries, the NNDAP pursues a mission of interest and importance to journalism historians: the creation of a public digital archive for a Seattle-based, Japanese-language newspaper that published almost continuously across the twentieth century, from 1902 to the present moment, with a forced interruption during the World War II period of Japanese American internment.1 The North American Post or Hokubei Hochi—the two titles used for the newspaper after World War II (it was previously titled Hokubei JiJi)—is a rich resource for scholars, especially those interested in the history of the American West, the Japanese American experience, Seattle, and, of course, ethnic newspapers in the US.2 I joined the project in late 2012, intrigued to learn more about this historic newspaper with hyperlocal, regional, national, and international value. During the two years since its inception, the NNDAP has operated as a pilot project with the goal of creating an archive of the 1946–1947 newspaper issues (about 130 pages). The resulting digital archive will be used to recruit potential funders interested in preserving the entire run of this historic newspaper. Digitizing involves creating digital versions of the pages, coding, indexing, creating a metadata library with categories (such as people, buildings, events), and composing brief summaries of each page's contents in two languages. The NNDAP provides an opportunity for interdisciplinary,


Abstract : An active stall avoidance system was designed comprising a stall recovery controller a nonlinear compressor operating point controller and a scheme for switching between these two. Different control schemes with respect to stall removal and switching have been developed and implemented on a real- time computer. The system's capability of successful stabilization of a stalled compressor with respect to performance loss was demonstrated by several experiments conducted on a low-speed axial compressor stage. The experiments were analyzed in detail and governing parameters of stall recovery and performance are identified. Finally improvements for the control scheme are suggested.


Pulsating flow in a human aortic arch is studied from its kinematic and dynamic characteristics of transient tubular boundary layer. The results can only be obtained by a 3D fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis for the rapidly accelerated and decelerated systolic flow. The flow is based on a prescribed inlet velocity, VO(t), which can be expressed as the instantaneous Reynolds number, Re(t) = ρDVO/μ in which D is the tube diameter, ρ the blood density and μ the dynamic viscosity. Computation of pressure field requires a reference pressure at the downstream end section. The pressure is based on the pulse in Professor Y. C. Fung's book on Biomechanics: Circulation. The finite volume method of an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations developed by Hirt et al. is used [2].


For any given thermal imager, a pulsed temporal pattern exists that will give a higher probability of detection than any other stimulation. This paper investigates different temporal patterns that best fit the thermal properties and thickness of the materials under test, such as pulse width, pulse rate, and intensity modulation, as well as the IR equipment. An experimental analysis of the thermal inspection of composite and metal structures is presented.


We present an " exact " an " iterative" computational procedure for determining the phase center coordinates of the GPS receiver antenna and its clock offset by using pseudo-range measurements and a minimal number of satellites. Both procedures do not need the linearization of the pseudo-range equations, thus avoiding the computation of the iniitial (approximate) values of the unknows.


Two species of marine cladocerans, Penilia avirostris Dana, 1852 and Evadne tergestina Claus, 1877 were collected in thirteen samples at a fixed station in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro (30-meter depth) by means of vertical tows with a 200 µm mesh size net at different times from September 12th to 15th, 1995. The parthenogenetic females of Evadne tergestina bore mature embryos (with pigmented eye) only in the samples collected at night, whereas Penilia avirostris at any time of day. This phenomenon was interpreted based on the greater visibility of the Evadne tergestina brood: one of the benefits for embryo maturing during the darkness period would be a decrease of predation on gravid females.


A feedback control system of End Tidal % CO2 in patient subjected to mechanical, ventilation is described. It is based on a mathematical model of the respiratory function. It includes a Capnometer and a mechanical ventilator connected by a digi tal computer programmed as a nonlinear controller . The system was tested open chain: the computer suggested the best ventilation pattern to be filled to the automatic ventilator. The preliminary cli nic trial give good result; the system flexibility and its low cost must be con


Editor—Managing risk is concerned with a hierarchy of control in which controlling a dangerous environment is the best strategy for limiting risk—for example, taking people off operating machinery by automating processes. The study by James et al on preventing childhood obesity by reducing the consumption of carbonated drinks seeks to limit the risk of obesity but its method, using health promotion, is analogous to walking …


The myth of "God orders Xuan bird give birth to Shang",is the myth narration of Shang nationality of China.On the color meaning,"Xuan" represents life origin;On the meaning of a word,"chaos" and "mistiness" has the tendency of exalting life origin of mankind.Under the harmonious spacious background of the nature and the life,analysing "oviparous reproduction" and sun adoration,educe that Xuan bird is signal existence of creating living,and outcome of uniting the celestial spirit and mankind as one.The myth of Xuan bird reflects that human look forward to the sky,differing from the myth of the adoration of the earth of Zhou nationality.The succession of Shang and Zhou dynasty reflects the change of divine to the person's transition in ages.


In the data-rich manufacturing environment, the production process of work-in-process is described and presented by trajectories with manufacturing significance. However, advanced approaches for work-in-process trajectory data analytics and prediction are comparatively inadequate. However, the location prediction of moving objects has drawn great attention in the manufacturing field. Yet most approaches for predicting future locations of objects are originally applied in geography domain. When applied to manufacturing shop floor, the prediction results lack manufacturing significance. This article focuses on predicting the next locations of work-in-process in the workshop. First, a data model is introduced to map the geographic trajectories into the logical space, in order to convert the manufacturing information into logical features. Based on the data model, a prediction method is proposed to predict the next locations using frequent trajectory patterns. A series of experiments are performed to examine the prediction method. The experiment results illustrate the impacts of the user-defined factors and prove that the proposed method is effective and efficient.


Routing in WSN is very challenging task due to lack of resources. For efficient communication and increase in lifetime of WSN there is a great need of optimal path selection. Data forwarding in optimal routes saves a lot of transmission energy of sensor nodes. This will results in increment in lifetime of the network. Many routing protocols have been proposed by researchers in recent years to save the energy and other resources like memory for WSN. Routing protocols mostly depend on applications and architecture of WSN. This paper presents the classification and analysis of routing protocols for WSN and concludes with open research issues in routing strategies in WSN.


The overall purpose of the project is to develop a prototype for a web application that will be able to display office landscapes in VR. The prototype will convey a sense of how the web application ...


The invention relates to a method for producing human albumin, which is characterized in that: a human hepatocyte strain separated from human hepatocyte lines or human hepatocytes is used as a human albumin culture parent, and the human hepatocyte strain in a culture medium of a cytogenerator is cultured by the cell culture technology to form human albumin solution rich in human albumin; and the obtained human albumin solution is separated by a molecular sieve so as to obtain human albumin solution used for clinical medicament, or is further subjected to freeze drying so as to obtain human albumin dry powder.


The results of a recent meta-ana lysis add to the debate surrounding clopidogrel pretreatment prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Anne Bellemain-Appaix (La Fontonne Hospital, Antibes, France) and colleagues describe how they found little benefit in patients pretreated with clopidogrel prior to undergoing PCI. It was only in higher-risk ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients that a small benefit/gain was observed. These patients had a lower risk of major coronary events, but not a reduction in mortality following clopidogrel pretreatment according to the article, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Senior author Gilles Montalescot (Pitie Salpetiere Hospital, Paris, France) explained that when looking at hard clinical outcomes in low-risk patients, especially the elective-PCI patients, pretreatment does not work. Montalescot explained "The primary end point of this meta-ana lysis was mortality, and nothing comes out for mortality whatever the situation; there is a favorable trend only in STEMI patients, the highest-risk group. There is no signal on major bleeding, so it's almost like we are looking at some kind of placebo effect with pretreatment." Montalescot continued, adding that "It's somewhat disappointing if you believe strongly that pretreatment is useful for your patients and certainly shows that we need more data to support such a recommendation." Currently there are two ongoing large trials examining pretreatment with new antiplatelet agents, including prasugrel (Effient, Lilly/Daiichi Sankyo, Japan) and ticagrelor (Brilinta, AstraZeneca, USA) that will ultimately provide further information on this issue. ACCOAST in particular, is the largest study ever performed including pretreatment and the use of prasugrel vs placebo prior to PCI in 4000 non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients; results are expected in 2013. In addition, the ATLANTIC trial compares pretreatment with ticagrelor vs placebo before arrival at the hospital in 1800 STEMI patients and is currently halfway through enrollment. Commenting on these studies Montalescot said "Let's wait for the results of ACCOAST and ATLANTIC; if these studies with the newer agents that are more potent are negative, I think pretreatment will be in trouble." In the meantime, he believes it is reasonable to continue to pretreat STEMI patients prior to PCI, but not let the lowerrisk non-STEMI or elective-PCI patients. However, Montalescot acknowledges that "It is tough to change practice and here we are talking about a drug that has been around for so long and has been used in this way for so long." In this study the authors decided to conduct their review and meta-analysis of data from randomized trials and registries that included patients with CAD, which could be stable or with ACS, undergoing catheterization for potential revascularization to evaluate the association between clopidogrel pretreatment with mortality and major bleeding after PCI. The authors found that clopidogrel pretreatment was not signif icantly associated with a reduction in all cause mortality compared with no pretreatment (absolute risk: 1.54% vs 1.97%; odds ratio: 0.80; p = 0.17) but was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiac events (9.83% vs 12.35%; odds ratio: 0.77; p < 0.001) in the randomized control trial cohort. Clopidogrel pretreatment vs no pretreatment was also not associated with a significantly increased risk of major bleeding a fact that was consistent across the observational analyses of RCTs and observational study analyses. The results appear to question the need for this systematic strategy in lowrisk patients as these do not seem to give anything further on hard outcomes. Commenting further, Montalescot believes that pretreatment is questionable in ad hoc PCI patients. Montalescot added "Even at my center, these patients are pretreated with clopidogrel the day before going to the cath lab for a simple coronary angiogram; it does not make sense, because you don't even know if the patient is a candidate for PCI. We run the risk of bleeding and if or when they undergo PCI there is no benefit. We should be careful and not overtreat these patients."


In this paper a new fault accommodation algorithm based on a two-level architecture is proposed for satellite formation missions. In this two-level framework, the notion of formation-level fault recovery (FLFR) is proposed, and the task of performance monitoring (PM) is defined in the high level (HL). By using the information provided by the PM module, the FLFR is capable of accommodating the ldquounhealthy satelliterdquo that is partially recovered (due to the inexact and inaccurate estimation of the fault by the fault diagnosis and identification (FDI) modules) in the low-level fault recovery (LLFR), but is detected and labeled as ldquounhealthyrdquo by the PM module. Consequently, fault is cooperatively recovered by our proposed architecture, and the specifications of formation mission are satisfied. Simulation results confirm the validity and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.


Software today does not help us partition our digital worlds effectively. We must organize them ourselves. This field study of users of multiple monitors examines how people with a lot of display space arrange information. Second monitors are generally used for secondary activities related to principal tasks, for peripheral awareness of information that is not the main focus, and for easy access to resources. A second monitor improves efficiency in ways that are difficult to measure yet can have substantial subjective benefit. The study concludes with illustrations of shortcomings of today's systems and applications: the way we work could be improved at relatively low cost.


The electromagnetism characteristics of biological tissue are discussed from microcosmic aspect;the physical model in which parallel connection circuit is employed as cells to generate electric potential is proposed;equivalent electrocircuit of human body is brought forward.The microcosmic principles of biological tissues radiating under the work of electromagnetic is analyzed qualitatively and rationally.And finally,the calculation method of radiating heat under laser electromagnetic is put forward theoretically.


This article examines Lancashire commentary on the American Civil War during the Cotton Famine of 1861–65 through poetry which has recently been recovered from local newspapers. The complexity and variety of the often labouring-class subjectivities figured in the texts works to further disrupt the conventional historical view of a region united in moral and political sympathy with the Union cause, as exemplified by discourses surrounding Lincoln's letter to the region in 1863. Much of this poetry displays an acute awareness of its place in the world. Labouring-class Lancashire people were forced by economic circumstances to confront the nature of a Victorian globalization which had proved its instability, and many began to see themselves in terms of a global subjectivity for the first time. This poetic discourse may have been materially and culturally adjacent to journalistic comment on the crisis, but poetry's imaginative freedom and ability to compress language and hence cultural meaning often represented an amplification, distortion, or even contradiction of implied editorial comment. Nowhere was this more apparent than in the sometimes febrile context of Lancashire commentary on the American Civil War and its domestic effects. Even when no particular resolution was offered as an option the ability of Lancashire poets to represent the voice of their fellow sufferers with some degree of authenticity served to reflect the ever more intimate relationship between the Victorian global and the local which the effects of the American war demonstrated in such stark terms.


During adolescence, individuals experience a period of significant development of emotional control, self-regulation and decision-making skills. While this is a period of opportunity for adolescents to benefit from knowledge, social life, and physical activities, it is also a time where the excessive availability of information and internet usage can potentially have detrimental effects on their mental health, academic performance, and physiology. This study aims to discuss the potential relationship between low-level self-regulation and the development of internet addiction in adolescents. With the widespread use of smartphones among young people, internet addiction has become a severe problem. Adolescents who prioritize short-term goals and focus on immediate gratification or adopt competitive gamming style may exhibit low-level self-regulation, which is a risk factor for developing internet addiction. In addition, poor family functioning, low parent education, the presence of interparental conflict, and restrictive parental mediation may also be significant factors contributing to the onset of internet addiction. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of lower self-regulation and severe internet addiction may have a substantial negative impact on academic performance and quality of life. The previous studys findings demonstrate a causal relationship between self-regulation and internet addiction. However, applying voluntary sampling methods to collect data, social desirability biases, and cultural bias are some of the limitations of most research in this area. Future research should adopt stratified sampling methods, tailor their survey and instruments to be culturally sensitive to investigate the underlying mechanisms that give rise to this association.


AIM
THR is one of the most successful principles in orthopaedics. With the increasing number of primary THR more and more revision arthroplasties of the hip are necessary. Many factors including loss of bone stock, instability of the joint, infection, fractures, removal of the implant or cement mantles are a challenging condition for the surgeon. Many approaches and techniques for the removal of cement mantles are published. We prefer the intrafemoral approach with an distal vascularized femoral window.

METHOD
We want to describe our surgical technique and report the short term results of 45 revision arthroplasties of the hip using the uncemented modular titanium MRP stem. Mean follow-up was 2.6 years (min:1 year, max: 7 years).

RESULTS
Mean Harris hip score increased from preoperative 53,2 (16 - 89) to postoperative 90.4 (35 - 100) points. We could find remodelling of the bone and spontaneous refill of bony defects in all cases. After 14 weeks we could find bony consolidation of the femoral window. The Trendelenburg sign was positive preoperatively in 26 cases, postoperatively in 11 cases. Just one single dislocation of the revised hip occurred postoperatively.

CONCLUSION
The intrafemoral approach with distal vascularized femoral fenestration is a mild approach without further weakening of the pelvitrochanteric muscles. Removal of cement mantles is possible without any problems. Using the vascularized technique of the femoral fenestration prompt bony consolidation can be achieved.


This paper presents Verilog implementation of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) decoders using Sum-Product and MinSum algorithms which will take more area as compared to other decoding algorithms. In this paper, area efficient LDPC decoder depending upon abridged complexity Minsum algorithm is presented. It reduces the permutational complexity with limiting the extrinsic information bit length to 4 bits and it modifies the check and variable node processing operation. Compilation at an algorithmic level explains that the proposed decoder attain good error performance as compared to a Sum Product Algorithm based decoder, and consequently handles the problem of immense error performance deprivation of a LDPC decoder. A Min Sum Based LDPC decoder with a matrix length (1000, 500) has been implemented in a MATLAB with a 10 BER and the design is implemented in HDL Verilog. The complete top level module was done by structural modeling style and simulated with SPARTAN FPGA Family. The percentage saving in area is about 33% of slices and provides a throughput of 1.46Gbps.


Five polymaleamides have been synthesised by the ring-opening polyaddition of N,N'-ethanedianilinebisisomaleimide (EBIMI) with aromatic diamines (having methyl or methoxy ring substituents) at room temperature ; EBIMI was synthesised from N,N'-ethanedianilinebismaleamic acid. Infrared, 13 C NMR, and UV-visible spectroscopies, inherent viscosity measurements, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectrometry have been used to characterise these polymers.


Several rare‐earth doped fluorides that are excited to emit visible light by sequential two photon absorption have been investigated for use in volumetric three dimensional displays. Dispersion of powders of these materials in a refractive index matched polymer is reported since such a medium may result in a scalable display.


This chapter charts the debates on art and aesthetics that preoccupied writers during the Harlem Renaissance. It is argued that because African Americans had made slight political and economic progress they turned to the arts as the primary site for social justice. The questions generated by the ensuing aesthetic debates about the purpose of racial art, its form, its audience, and the efficacy of cultural difference, reverberated throughout the twentieth century. This chapter also analyzes the formal innovations made by African American essayists. It is shown through the examples of Alain Locke's intellectual detachment, Langston Hughes' fiery polemic, George Schuyler's acerbic satire, and Zora Neale Hurston's "jagged harmonies" that the essayists of the Harlem Renaissance both formulated and enacted the aesthetic they proposed in their writings.


The aim of this study is to determine the temperature distribution on cutting tool when machining HASTELLOY C-22HS with carbide coated cutting tool. Response Surface Method (RSM) used to minimize the number of experiments and to develop first order temperature model. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to verification of the temperature distribution on cutting tool. From FEA results show clearly that the relationship between the variables (cutting speed, feed rate and axial depth) with responses (temperature). From the first order model shows that cutting speed, feed rate and axial depth plays important role in producing cutting temperature. The feed rate has the most dominant parameter on the temperature, followed by the axial depth and cutting speed. The results from FEA were compared with the experimental values. The predicted values are quite close to the experimental results, even though its accuracy is slightly inferior as


Porphyria is the group of diseases with abnormal heme metabolism. This conditions is unusual in Thai population. Patient may present with multiple organ involvement such as cutaneous manifestation, neurologic or mental symptoms or both base on each type of porphyrias. In some cases show visceral symptoms that may be misdiagnosis with acute abdominal condition. Many drugs may be trigger porphyria attack and should be concerned in treatment planning. A 36 years old Thai man, was referred to Buriram hospital with acute abdominal pain . He also had clinical dehydration and severe tachycardia intraoperative period with no abnormal surgical condition in peritoneum. Postoperative period he had dark urine . After investigation shows positive urine spectophotometry and urine porphobilnogen is detected. His diagnosis is acute porphyria attack. เท this case offered symptomatic and supportive treatment with analgesic and high glucose diets. His symptom was resolved and he had discharged from hospital in 2 week. Retrospective review shows induction with thiopental may be precipitated this attack. Key words : Porphyria, Acute porphyria attack, Abdominal pain with change in neurologic or mental symptom, dark urine.


In the background of New Country Construction and in view of capitalization of village culture,this article studied the village culture construction in Hubei minority region,and contended that the key to this is to realise the following goals for regional culture resources: overall manipulation,intensive development,vital help,integrated characteristics,and all harmony.


In order to solve the problem of SEN nozzle clogging in the casting process of refining aluminum steel grades,the nozzle clogging materials was sampled and analyzed.The reason that calcium treatment was not beneficial to forming of C12A7 with low melting point and the cause of reoxidation and inclusion floating insufficient were found.The measures such as new calcium treatment process,purging plug installing and protective casting and so on was established.w(O)in steel was decreased(less than 35×10-6),inclusion floating was promoted and SEN clogging accident during casting was prevented.


This research aimed to examine the effects of parental training and instruction on observed behaviors in caregivers and children diagnosed with cancer during the venipuncture procedure on an outpatient basis. Nine caretakers participated in three different conditions (Routine, Manual and Training). Family characteristics, parental style, and effects of manual and parental training were analyzed with direct observation of behavior during the venipuncture procedure of children. After parental training, the results showed an increase in the positive effect of the manual for short term behavior change, and an increase in the positive monitoring rates of the caregiver, with reports of generalizations of these behaviors for other contexts. The importance of parenting style as a protective factor for children with cancer was discussed.


Critical discourse analysis (CDA) examines the relationship between language and power in society. By linking micro, mezzo, and macro environments, examining the impact of language on marginalized communities, and providing a lens for critical reflection, CDA aligns with the frameworks and values of social work as a profession. Yet this method has been underutilized in social work research. This paper provides an orientation for social work scholars seeking to use CDA through discussion of four key "signposts" or decision-making points: 1) theoretical framing and rationale, 2) sampling and data generation, 3) data analysis, and 4) dissemination of findings. Drawing on examples from the authors' experiences with CDA studies addressing diverse research topics and methodological decisions, this paper offers a wide range of research design strategies for conducting similar projects. Examples are varied in terms of theoretical framing, research questions, data sources, analytic strategies, and audience. They include analyses of neoliberal discourse in refugee policy, discourses of culture in international development research documents, constructions of bisexuality among older women, and representations of intimate partner violence in young adult novels and tweets. Along the way, attention is given to communicating about CDA for social work audiences, particularly those less familiar with the epistemological foundations of CDA and its implications for practice.


Context. The Sun shows abundance anomalies relative to most solar twins. If the abundance peculiarities are due to the formation of inner rocky planets, that would mean that only a small fraction of solar type stars may host terrestrial planets.
Aims. In this work we study HIP 56948, the best solar twin known to date, to determine with an unparalleled precision how similar it is to the Sun in its physical properties, chemical composition and planet architecture. We explore whether the abundances anomalies may be due to pollution from stellar ejecta or to terrestrial planet formation.
Methods. We perform a differential abundance analysis (both in LTE and NLTE) using high resolution (R ~ 100 000) high S/N (600–650) Keck HIRES spectra of the Sun (as reflected from the asteroid Ceres) and HIP 56948. We use precise radial velocity data from the McDonald and Keck observatories to search for planets around this star.
Results. We achieve a precision of σ ≲ 0.003 dex for several elements. Including errors in stellar parameters the total uncertainty is as low as σ ≃ 0.005 dex (1%), which is unprecedented in elemental abundance studies. The similarities between HIP 56948 and the Sun are astonishing. HIP 56948 is only 17 ± 7 K hotter than the Sun, and log g, [Fe/H] and microturbulence velocity are only + 0.02 ± 0.02 dex, +0.02 ± 0.01 dex and +0.01 ± 0.01 km s^(-1) higher than solar, respectively. Our precise stellar parameters and a differential isochrone analysis shows that HIP 56948 has a mass of 1.02 ± 0.02 M_⊙ and that it is ~1 Gyr younger than the Sun, as constrained by isochrones, chromospheric activity, Li and rotation. Both stars show a chemical abundance pattern that differs from most solar twins, but the refractory elements (those with condensation temperature T_(cond) ≳ 1000 K) are slightly (~0.01 dex) more depleted in the Sun than in HIP 56948. The trend with T_(cond) in differential abundances (twins − HIP 56948) can be reproduced very well by adding ~3 M_⊕ of a mix of Earth and meteoritic material, to the convection zone of HIP 56948. The element-to-element scatter of the Earth/meteoritic mix for the case of hypothetical rocky planets around HIP 56948 is only 0.0047 dex. From our radial velocity monitoring we find no indications of giant planets interior to or within the habitable zone of HIP 56948.
Conclusions. We conclude that HIP 56948 is an excellent candidate to host a planetary system like our own, including the possible presence of inner terrestrial planets. Its striking similarity to the Sun and its mature age makes HIP 56948 a prime target in the quest for other Earths and SETI endeavors.


In this paper, novel methods of making standard sin/cos signals for PWM converters, and novel PLL systems for STATCOM will be proposed. The single-phase utility voltage is transformed to pseudo-three-phase signals, and these three-phase signals are used for the phase detection. Standard sin/cos signals composed by these methods suffer little influence from the voltage unbalance and the distortion of utility voltages. Therefore these methods can be used for the STATCOM to reduce the influence of unbalanced system voltage disturbances such as 2LS.


Provided herein are methods and systems for coextruding a plurality of polymeric material flow into the mold cavity is disclosed for producing a molded plastic product. At least one internal core flow of the first polymer material is surrounded by the inner flow and the outer flow of at least one other polymer materials. While serving as an inner layer of molded plastic product within the core stream obtained serve as respective inner and outer layers of plastic products are the inner flow and the outer flow is obtained. Inner core flow is selectively directed to flow downstream branch channel of the mold cavity or past it. Downstream branch channel branches at the branch junction from the main channel of the mold cavity. Branch channel defines a projecting portion of the molded plastic product is obtained. Leading edge of the inner core flow, the flow front of the inner flow and the outer flow without breakthrough to the leading edge, so as to position the leading edge at the distal end of the branch channel or its vicinity, in the branch passage It is selectively controlled. The resulting molded plastic product, extends into the projecting portion, extending through the projecting portion, and extends to the tip portion of the protruding portion, it is still enclosed by the inner stream and an inner layer formed from the outer stream and the outer layer and which includes an inner layer formed from the first polymer material. .FIELD 1-1


Fan delta has been becoming a focus studied by sedimentolo gists at home and abroad.Through more than30-year in-depfh studies,fan deltas' sedimentary characteristics are more and more understood.This paper outlines the definition,classifica-tion,formation setting and process,sedimentary characteristics and models of fan delta as well as related study methods and ten-dency.These studies are of significance for searching for mineral deposits and hydrocarbon reservoirs.Also,there exist a lot of issues to be dealt with urgently for the study of fan deltas,needing in-depth researches to be made further.


The competition within the telecommunication sector is increasing day by day in Ghana and therefore requires the telecom operators to be more adept in their strategic approach to meet the growing demands of customers. Effective innovation is believed to be key in the approach of wining and maintaining customers. This paper examines the effect of innovation on customer retention in the telecommunication industry in Ghana.  Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires to 365 customers of 6 telecommunication companies in Accra, Ghana.  Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were employed to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.  The result shows that there is positive and significant relationship between innovation and customer retention. The study also discloses that service innovation, process innovation, and marketing innovation were the key determinants of customer retention. The study found service innovation to be a significant chief driver of customer retention. The study recommends that telecommunication companies who desire to improve upon the level of customer retention should invest much in service innovation, process innovation, and marketing innovation.


The bio-based conversion of glycerol and glucose to valuable chemicals, such as succinate, by commonly used microorganisms, like Escherichia coli is of major interest. The petrochemically based succinate production can be replaced by a new sustainable and environmental friendly one and the glycerol resulted from biodiesel industry can be therefore reused. Genetically engineered strains could be used to provide a cost-effective, ecologically sustainable alternative to the current petrochemical production process. Systems biology and in silico analyses are necessary to study complex biological systems and successfully apply metabolic engineering. Here, a systems biology approach through model-driven evaluation of the cell metabolism and the production potential of an important biochemical compound, under different environmental conditions is presented. To investigate the genetic and environmental perturbations, as well as the relationship between biomass and succinate yield, in silico metabolic analysis was carried out using constraint-based metabolic flux simulations. Different methods were used to design strains with increased capabilities to produce succinate. The study provided specific metabolic interventions that can be experimentally implemented, characterized the metabolic network and outlined a strain design pipeline that can be used to study complex biological systems and processes.


Applying the electron-beam preirradiation method in air the cation -exchange fabric (CEF) containing sulfonic acid (R-SO 3 H) groups was prepared by graft copolymerization of sodium styrenesulfonate with acrylic acid onto non woven polypropylene fabric. The effect of reaction conditions on the grafting yield and reaction mechanism was examined. The ion-exchange properties towards Cu(II) and Co(II) ions of the CEF were investigated depending on the form of the CEF and a pH of the solution. It was found that the synthesized CEF contains both strong acid groups (R-SO 3 H) and weak acid (R-COOH) groups in almost equal proportion. The utilization of the CEF in Na + form allows to make the best use of its ion-exchange capacity.


Abstract : Realistic control strategies must address the inevitable uncertainty which accompanies nominal system descriptions. Even though uncertainty can often be characterized mathematically, effective robust control techniques have been slow to appear. This work investigates robust control methods directed at both the analysis and design of multivariable feedback systems in the presence of system uncertainty. The first part of the thesis examines perturbed interaction from the generalized Nyquist/characteristic locus perspective. This work establishes that, for a given class of uncertainty and a specific class of gain- limited controllers, feedback compensation can be optimally deployed to reduce perturbed interaction. Subsequently, this treatment exploits the geometric eigen-structure embodied in the characteristic locus framework along with the appropriate stationary conditions in order to characterize the worst case uncertainty which produces the largest interaction as measured by the perturbed misalignment angles. Furthermore. the structure of the worst case perturbation has a particularly simple representation which facilitates the determination of the worst case interaction based on simple open-loop quantities. These results together with the previous development of the E-Contour method complete the overall development of the characteristic locus approach as a convenient robust analysis tool.


Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) results in weight loss and increased bile acids (BA) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) levels. FGF21 shares essential cofactors with FGF19, but its physiology early post‐VSG has not been assessed.


A three color, fast response optical pyrometer utilizing the double‐ratio method is described. The temperature of a rapidly heated source is displayed on a cathode ray oscilloscope as a function of time. Direct current sources can also be observed. The basic approach involves a beam splitter, a three‐channel logarithmic photometer, and a summing amplifier. For proper choice of wavelength, the measurement is independent of the emissivity of the source. Results are shown for an exploding wire.


Salud Zamudio Rodriguez, a forty-two-year-old undocumented farmworker from Michoacán, sparked a legislative fi restorm when he met an untimely end one summer afternoon in California's Central Valley in 2005.1 On a July day when the temperature soared to 105 degrees, Salud had been fi nishing a ten-hour shift picking bell peppers and running them over to a conveyor belt pulled by a tractor. As his coworker later stated in a brief fi led by the United Farm Workers union (UFW), the labor contractor had allowed his workers only half the legally required thirty-minute lunch break. At the end of the break, Salud's foreman had asked the tractor driver to double his work pace so that the team could fi nish picking the fi eld and be ready to start a new one the next morning. For more than two hours, the foreman set a pace that required the crew to pick six buckets of peppers every fi fteen minutes. "In all my years of picking crops, I have never worked that fast," Soledad Reyes, one of Salud's coworkers, later told a journalist.2 Other workers skipped pepper plants to keep up with the tractor, but not Salud. Near the end of the day, Salud confi ded in Soledad that he felt ill and needed to quit. Instead, she later told the reporter, he began pacing back and forth as though delirious. Just minutes before the end of the day, he approached his foreman as if to say something but simply sank into his arms. The foreman took off Salud's hat and tried to revive him by fanning his face. The crew carried Salud to the shade provided by an adjacent orchard and tried to give him water. Yet Introduction


Background: Gestational hypertension is associated with worse pregnancy out- come, but also with higher risk of cardiovascular events later in life, in both mother and child. Children with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and premature ba- bies are under particularly high risk of cardiovascular events in the future life. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish which parameters of mater- nal hemodynamics most influenced on pregnancy outcome. Methods: This study included 60 pregnant women with gestational hypertension (defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg that was appeared after 20th week of gestation and disappeared within six weeks postpartum). 17 of 60 women (28,3%) deliveried before the term and 22 of 60 (36,7%) born children had IUGR. All participants underwent a complete echocardiography that was used to assess diastolic function: the left ventricular (LV) filling index E/e', IVRT, E, A, E/A, DTE; systolic function: EF, IVCT, ET, stroke volume index (SVi), cardiac output (CO) and cardiac output index (COi), Vcf, longitudinal systolic velocity at septal and lateral mitral annulus: s's and s'l; and global cardiac function: Tei index. The total vascular resistance (TVR) was calculated, also as the LV mass index (LV massi). The echo was performed in the third trimester, also as ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results: Participants with preterm delivery had higher values of day and night time blood pressure (BP) compared to women who deliveried in term. Preterm delivery was associated with more impared systolic function: EF was significantly lower (p=0,007), also as CO (p=0,006) and Vcf (p=0,042), Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with longer term post partum cardiovascular sequelae, including double the risk of ischaemic heart disease and cardiovascular mortality. Evidence of diastolic dys- function and left ventricular remodeling on echocardiography during HDP has been reported, but whether these changes persist post partum is unclear. Purpose: Our objective was to define the echocardiographic features in women who have had pregnancies complicated by gestational hypertension (GH) and pre eclampsia (PE), by assessing cardiac structure and function at six months post partum in comparison with women who have had uncomplicated pregnancies. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a pre-specified subgroup of 67 patients within a single, tertiary referral centre as part of the larger P4 (Post Partum, Physiology, Psychology, and Paediatric Follow Up) study. 35 pa- tients (52%) had an uncomplicated pregnancy, whilst 32 patients (48%) had a pregnancy complicated by HDP. Women with pre-existing hypertension were ex- cluded from the study. The mean patient age was 32.0 years (range 22–42 years). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed six months post partum by blinded experienced echocardiography technicians and reported by a single blinded cardiac imaging cardiologist. Results: There were significant structural and functional differences noted between the two groups of women at six months post partum despite all of the echocardiographic parameters falling within the normal range. In comparison with women who had an uncomplicated pregnancy, women who had a pregnancy complicated by HDP demonstrated thicker inter ventricular septum (8.94mm ± 1.22mm vs 8.09mm ± 1.07mm; p=0.003) and posterior wall (8.78mm ± 1.04mm vs 7.71mm ± 0.893mm; hypothyroidism levothyroxin 3rd group (n=34) hypothyroidism 4th (n=35) with euthyroidism. Measurements were made of body mass in- dex, thyrostimulating hormone (TSH), free T4, lipids profile, carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). Also SCORE scales for total cardiovascular risk estimation were used. profile and lower cardiovascular risk compared with hypothyroid patients without levothyroxine replacement therapy. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardias (NSVT) are observed frequently among ICD patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). Whether NSVT are related to the type and response to ICD therapies is unknown. Objective: To evaluate prospectively the relationship between NSVT burden and electrical therapies due to monomorphic VT (MVT). Methods: 416 patients with LVD (LVEF < 50%) and standard indications for ICD without Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy were followed for 41±27 months after implant. ICD programming (detection and therapies) was standardized, including antitachycardia pacing (ATP) as first therapy for slow (CL < 390 ms) and fast VT (CL: 250–320 ms). NSVT was defined as any VT of ≥ 5 beats which did not met the detection criteria occurring within the first 6 months after ICD implant. Results: A total of 250 patients (60%) presented at least one NSVT (median=2; interquartile range=0–7). We classified the patients into three groups according to the number of NSVT: no NSVT (n=166, group 1); 1–5 NSVT (n=130, group 2) and > 5 NSVT (n=120; group 3). The cumulative incidence of appropriate ther- apy due to monomorphic VT (MVT) was: 28%, 44% and 66% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p < 0.001; log-rank test). During the follow-up, 1441 MVTs were recorded in 183 patients (primary prevention: 55%; LVEF: 31±8; ischemic etiol-ogy: 65%). ATP was effective in 1063 (74%), 16 were slowed but not terminated by


A memory conjunction error is said to occur when a novel test item composed of parts of previously studied items is falsely recognized as old.This study aims to explore the feature of familiarity and recollection in the memory conjunction paradigm.It finds that the role of spatial position in the recollection demonstrates no random conjunction of the memory.In the testing phase,the subjects are characteristic of judgments of familiarity and effective recollection of global items.


This paper proposed a new control strategy of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) with distorted grid voltage disturbances. In the strategy, a repetitive controller (RPC)-based stator current control loop is added to the classic PI controller-based rotor current control loop, and the good tracking of stator periodic reference currents can be achieved. Compared to the resonant controller-based selective harmonic control strategy, it can regulate the unbalance and all lower-order harmonic currents within the designed bandwidth. As the harmonic order existed in distorted grid voltage is changeful, the proposed strategy is more practical. Finally, the balanced and sinusoidal stator current is achieved under general distorted grid voltage conditions, which satisfies the accessing network demand. The availability of the proposed strategy is validated by simulation studies on Matlab/Simulink.


Purpose – Young women's leadership is an area frequently overlooked in educational leadership development. This paper aims to bring young women's voices into educational leadership conversations and illustrate an alternative approach to young women's leadership development.Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative action research study was located in an urban girls' high school in New Zealand. The researcher worked in partnership with 12 young women and used a process of co‐construction to design a leadership development programme. The young women then participated in, evaluated and modified the programme before teaching it to another group of students.Findings – Co‐construction was an effective way to develop a relevant and authentic leadership programme that met the needs of the young women, however, the process was extremely complex. The findings indicated that this approach challenged existing views of teaching and learning and was an active process that required significant efforts to balance in...


As two major translation techniques,foreignization and domestication have long been the focus of the debate in translation filed.This paper gives a general review of the study of domestication and foreignization in the last two decades in China,and points out translation strategies are affected by different factors.It also points out foreignization is the general trend with the progress of the economic globalization and intercommunications among different cultures.


Subtitle: It's 9 a.m.--do you know where your freight is? More and more shippers are turning to asset-tracking technology to answer that question.


In order to improve the evaluation of teaching in teaching management efficiency,more effectively for the school decision making service.Based on the research of the data warehouse,OLAP analysis,data mining technology based on knowledge,design and implementation of teaching evaluation system,the evaluation of teaching data and comprehensive analysis of deep mining.After using this system,teaching management departments are changed on the teaching evaluation data is used,the utilization ratio is improved,more in-depth and comprehensive understanding and the understanding.


This article addresses the political and cultural implications of the contemporary Xavante audiovisual production at Wedera and Etenhiritipa villages. Taking as point of departure the authors's participation in the filmed record of an important rite of initiation, Danhono , occurred during 2011, the aim of the article is to reflect on: how the production of technical image is integrated into the ritual, the status that the technical image acquires locally amid this process of apprehension and appropriation of foreign technologies, and the function and the role of the video in the mediation between the Xavante culture and the outside world and with their own future culture reproduction (intergenerational dialogue). Keywords: Xavante/Auwe Uptabi, image, memory


Althrough we were unaware of its concret origin, the Museu d´Arqueologia of Barcelona preserves in his collections a magnificent example of copper dagger assimilable to the series of daggers so-called «a encoche bilaterale » and «a soie courte crantee». These are pieces assimilated principally to the metallurgy of the pre-bell beakers of the Treilles Group, althrough certain pieces appear also in the prehistoric cultural groupes of Fontbuisse and Veraza.
We present suggestions about its typology, filiation and the chronology of this dagger, as well as about its likely metallic composition.


exome sequencing studies of sporadic tumors, this discovery is noteworthy in that it provides a new and rational target for investigation. IPMK is an inositol phosphate kinase, and the authors describe a link between IPMK and p53-mediated apoptosis. It will be important to understand the importance of this interaction in the context of homeostasis and transformation of enteroendocrine cells. Previous reports that hemizygous deletion of Ipmk in mice did not seem to result in carcinoid tumors suggest that the role of IPMK is likely to be complex. Further studies are warranted, because additional insights may be gained into other molecular partners of IPMK or critical pathways that intersect with IPMK in carcinoids. A sobering but increasingly pervasive message is that genetics may not hold the key to deciphering carcinoid tumors. A role for genetics is certainly not excluded, but alternative mechanisms must be considered. For example, the identification of multiple genes that regulate histones and chromatin in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pulmonary carcinoids raises the intriguing possibility that epigenetic mechanisms may be more relevant. In addition, there may be mutations in noncoding regulatory regions of the genome that are not sequenced routinely. New hypotheses that explore whether carcinoid tumors may instead be driven by alterations in the metabolome or the microenvironment also deserve consideration. The need for discovery is great, because therapeutic options in carcinoid remain limited and inadequate. A focus on innovative "postgenetic" strategies may provide new clues to unravel the mysteries of these unconventional tumors.


The yellow-bellied prinia(Prinia flaviventris) and plain prinia(P.inornata) both possess a unique charateristic in that the tail of the breeding plummage is shorter than the winter plummage,which may contradict sexual selection theory.However,sex identification of these species is so difficult that further research is getting harder in the field.So we applied the CHD gene to sex the species.We found that:1) Primer 2550F/2718R was not applicable for sexing the two species but primer P2 /P8 was;2) Results of molecular sexing were consistent with anatomizing results;3) DNA could be also extracted from yellow-bellied prinia and plain prinia and primer 2550F/2718R might not be applicable for the sexing of the birds in Cisticolidae.


The invention relates to a hollow ceramic microsphere and a preparation method of the hollow ceramic microsphere, belonging to the technical field of ceramic microspheres. The hollow ceramic microsphere is a ceramic ball with a hollow structure, and the hollow ceramic ball is in a core-shell structure formed by cladding TiO2 on SiC. The preparation method of the hollow ceramic microsphere comprises the following steps: 1. preparation of a solid microsphere: (1) producing a polystyrene microsphere; (2) carrying out sulfonation; and (3) cladding a layer of ceramic precursor; 2. cladding the TiO2 on the surface of the polystyrene solid microsphere clad with the ceramic precursor: (1) dispersing the microsphere in a mixed solution of ethanol and dibutyl phthalate; (2) adding acid and deionized water into the mixed solution; and (3) carrying out hydrothermal treatment to obtain the polystyrene solid microsphere clad with the ceramic precursor; and 3. preparation of the hollow ceramic microsphere: placing the polystyrene solid microsphere clad with the ceramic precursor with the surface being clad with the TiO2 in a vacuum furnace for sintering to obtain the hollow ceramic microsphere. The hollow ceramic microsphere and the preparation method have the advantages of high product activity, excellent performance, good thermal insulation effect, wide applicable range and the like.


Side - effects of the permethrin formulations Gori 920 and Gori 920 L, the fenvalerate formulation Sumicidin 10 FW and the emulsifier of the Gori formulations were studied in seedlings of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Whole plant treatment with the Gori formulations in early autumn resulted in a 5-10°C poorer frost tolerance (TDI) later in the autumn. Moreover, this treatment increased mortality by 30% within 2 yrs of testing in field trials. In contrast, a basal part treatment with the Gori formulations and whole plant treatment with Sumicidin 10 FW containing 10% fenvalerate had no negative effects during 2 yrs of field testing. Late autumn treatment with Gori 920 and Gori 920 L, followed by cold storage for 6 months, revealed poorer frost tolerance (3-4°C) in the spring than that in the control. These treatments also reduced leader shoot growth in the first year and increased the frequency of seedlings lacking a dominant leader after 2 yrs by 20-40%. The detrimental agent in Gori 920 L was f...


Abstract Surface‐applied urea fertilizers are susceptible to hydrolysis and loss of nitrogen (N) through ammonium (NH3) volatilization when conditions favorable for these processes exist. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) may inhibit urease activity and reduce NH3 volatilization when mixed with urea fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CaCl2 and ATS as urea‐N loss inhibitors for contrasting soil types and varying environmental conditions. The proposed inhibitors were evaluated in the laboratory using a closed, dynamic air flow system to directly measure NH3 volatilization. The initial effects of CaCl2 on ammonia volatilization were more accentuated on an acid Lufkin fine sandy loam than a calcareous Ships clay, but during volatilization periods of ≥ 192 h, cumulative N loss was reduced more on the Ships soil than the Lufkin soil. Calcium chloride delayed the commencement of NH3 volatilization following fertilizer application and reduced the ma...


1. A transmitter comprising multiple transmit antennas!; ! conversion unit, configured to generate one or more transmission streams associated with any of the transmitting antenna, multiple signal sequences corresponding to the predetermined frequency band; ! a precoding unit configured to weight the signal sequences of tasks using a precoding matrix selected from a code module containing multiple predefined precoding matrices; and! a transmission unit configured to convert the output signal precoding module into several signals whose number corresponds to the number of transmit antennas, and to transmit the converted signals from the transmit antennas, wherein! precoding module applies different precoding matrices to different signal sequences, as well! relationship between the different precoding matrices and the different signal sequences is determined using the open loop control which does not depend on feedback information from the receiver. ! 2. A transmitter comprising! multiple transmit antennas; ! conversion unit, configured to generate one or more transmission streams associated with any of the transmitting antenna, multiple signal sequences corresponding to the predetermined frequency band; ! a precoding unit configured to specify weight after


We study experimentally contests in which players make investment decisions sequentially, and information on prior investments is revealed between stages. Using a between-subject design, we consider all possible sequences in contests of three players and test two major comparative statics of the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium: The positive effect of information disclosure on aggregate investment and earlier mover advantage. The former prediction is decidedly rejected, as we observe a reduction in aggregate investment when more information is sequentially disclosed. The evidence on earlier mover advantage is mixed but mostly does not support theory as well. Both predictions rely critically on forward-looking, sophisticated decision-making, which is not typical for our subjects.


For complex numbers q and u, Carlitz defined the q-Bernoulli numbers {βk(q)} and the q-Euler numbers {Hk(u, q)} associated to u by and


The injuries from the impact of the face and chest towards airbags and the interior of the
car in frontal collision have been issued by many researches. Car manufacturers have
been trying to develop a seat to protect passengers from these injuries. In this report the
study undergo the development process of an automotive seat that optimizes comfort
with safety. The product is a Crash Restraint Safety (CRS) Seat that can minimize
airbags related and body submarining injury. The conceptual design of CRS Seat is
developed by studying related patents and is presented based on Functional Analysis,
Morphological Chart and Pugh Method. In order to increase CRS Seat design
sophistication, the embodiment design of CRS Seat is modeled in 3D using SolidWorks
software. For CRS seat comfort evaluation, subjects' buttock-seat pressure distributions
on CRS Seat are analyzed. Mathematical dynamic analyses on occupant motion in
collision are analyzed to justify the mean of CRS Seat limiting occupant motion during
collision does in fact reduced the occupants' possibility of injury.


The invention discloses a Fe3O4/C composite material, its preparation method and its application in a lithium ion battery. The invention relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, and concretely relates to a lithium ion battery negative electrode material, its preparation method and its application in the lithium ion battery. The negative electrode material is Fe3O4/C and has a porous spherical or porous blocky morphology, and the particle dimension and the aperture of the negative electrode material are 0.2-50mum and 50nm-2mum respectively; and a C material comprises sucrose cracked C, the mass percentage of the C material in the powdery material is 5-70%, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles are embedded in a sucrose cracked C matrix. The Fe3O4/C composite material has the advantages of high discharge capacity and excellent cycle performance as a lithium ion battery negative electrode material. The preparation method of the Fe3O4/C composite material has the advantages of simple process, high yield, large scale preparation, safe and environmentally friendly process, and great industrialization potential.


Abstract The heat transfer coefficient is an essential measure in the predesign of supercritical water-cooled reactors (SCWRs). At supercritical pressures, three distinct heat transfer modes exist: normal, improved, and deteriorated. The heat transfer behavior of supercritical water in the pseudo-critical range is different from that of single-phase fluids in the subcritical range. These heat transfer modes differ from those of single-phase flow at subcritical pressures, resulting in an unusual behavior of the heat transfer coefficients. Moreover, during accidental scenarios, when the operating pressure is reduced from supercritical to subcritical conditions, a boiling crisis may occur. During pressure reduction, temporary phenomena such as superheating of the cladding temperature can endanger the safe operation of SCWRs. In order to analyze operational and accidental scenarios of SCWRs, thermal-hydraulic system codes such as ATHLET are applied. However, the prediction capabilities of thermal-hydraulic system codes rely on a comprehensive validation work based on experimental data. This study presents an extensive analysis of the applicability of ATHLET at the near-critical pressure range. ATHLET is assessed against the LESHP-database and two trans-critical transient experiments. At supercritical pressures, the heat transfer coefficient correlations are evaluated with regard to their prediction accuracy and numerical problems including the "multiple solutions problems". The trans-critical transient experiments are used to test the prediction capability of ATHLET with respect to transient heat transfer phenomena including critical heat flux, film boiling and return to nucleate boiling.


The invention provides a tunable optical filter driven by a static comb-shaped electrode based on an SOI optical waveguide and an F-P cavity, as well as a manufacturing method thereof. The comb-shaped electrode drives two symmetric DBRs to move so as to realize a tunable optical filtering function by adjusting the equivalent cavity length of the F-P cavity. The tunable optical filter with the structure has the advantages of wide tuning range, high tuning precision, high tuning speed, novel and compact structure, convenient integration with other optical and electrical elements. The symmetrical tuning method with two DBRs which move simultaneously is adopted to expand wavelength tuning range. The BDR and the F-P cavity are manufactured by taking good use of crystallographic characteristics of a (110) silicon slice and integrating an inductive coupling plasma etching process and an anisotropy wet corrosion process, wherein the surfaces of the BDR and the F-P cavity are [111] surfaces of silicon crystal so as to enable the DBRs to have vertical mirror faces and smooth surfaces, thereby increasing the reflectivity of the DBRs and improving performance of the filter.


The paper presents the results of studying characteristic deterioration of AlGaInP heterostructures with multiple quantum wells. The research was completed for light emitting diodes (emission wavelengths 623 nm and 590 nm) under fast neutron irradiation in passive mode. It has been revealed that the change in emission power and operating current under irradiation is conditioned by band gap and level of electron injection. Here, the change of current flowing mechanism is a distinctive parameter of the boundary between the first and second stages of emission power reduction caused by fast neutron irradiation of AlGaInP heterostructures (X=625 nm).


THE commonest cause of spontaneous epistaxis is the rupture of a varicosity of the minute veins in the septum over the KieselbachLittle area, the region deep to the alar cartilage. Compression of the alae nasi between thumb and index finger will control any haemorrhage from the bleeding area of the septum. Usually when the patient comes up for examination the haemorrhage has ceased, the source is obscure, but the site of the bleeding may be located from the position of a limpet crust or blood clot over the bleeding point. A plexus of tortuous dilated venules may be observed. The vessels over this region are fragile and frequently mere rough contact of the nasal speculum will produce an immediate cascade of blood. The classical treatment is cauterising the region with the electric cautery or, in children, by the use of such cauterising solutions as 50 per cent, silver nitrate, trichloracetic acid, etc. This, however, only produces a superficial coagulation. The electric cautery cannot be used in children or under an anaesthetic on account of the inflammability of the anaesthetic vapour, though the use of evipan or nitrous oxide anaesthesia would overcome this objection. I was recently confronted with a highly nervous child of 12, the subject of recurrent epistaxis. Cauterisation had been repeated with no permanent benefit. Under anaesthesia, both bleeding septal areas were sub-mucously injected with a solution of sodium morrhuate. This produced thrombosis of the vessels and a permanent cessation of the epistaxis. Technique of sub-mucous injection of the bleeding area of the septum. A 2 or 5 c.cm. record syringe with an angled bayonet fitting needle is used, such as is used for injecting a local anaesthetic preliminary to a sub-mucous resection of the septum. A 10 per cent, phenol in almond oil solution is injected. The septal area is blanched and anaesthetised by applying to each side a plug of cotton wool saturated with 10 per cent, cocaine and adrenalin. Any excess of solution is expressed from the plug before insertion, to avoid swallowing of the toxic substance. The plug is left in situ for ten minutes. The tortuous dilated venules are frequently thrown into relief against a pale background of blanched mucosa. A point is noted, as low down as possible— \ to I inch in front of the bleeding area, e.g. where a vertical tortuous dilated venule is observed running to the area. A drop of pure


Switch tubes with 100 and 256 elements have been developed for data-processing applications. Simple space-charge and deflection-defocusing considerations indicate that in order to obtain maximum current output, the tube should be as small as possible. However, mechanical considerations and the finite size of the beam crossover limit the amount of reduction. Aluminum targets are evaporated directly on the ground surface of the multielement header. The 100-element tube is 2 1/4 inches in diameter, 9 inches long, and provides a maximum target current of 3.0 ma at a modest 2-kv accelerating potential with reasonable deflection sensitivity. The 256-element tube has the same diameter, is 11 inches long, and provides 0.75 ma of output current at 2 kv.


SUMMARY

The effects of five different virus inocula on three varieties of plum (Prunus domestica L.) were studied in a field trial of 10 years duration. The viruses causing line pattern, ringspot, prune dwarf and bark split had no effect on the growth of Marjorie's Seedling and Cambridge Gage, and only that causing prune dwarf stunted Oullins Gage trees. However, these viruses diminished the fruit yield of one or more varieties, and prune dwarf virus seriously decreased the yield of all three. Decline disease, probably caused by a strain of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, developed in Marjorie's Seedling but not in the other varieties. The symptoms first appeared after 5 years and then the trees declined progressively with necrotic 'incompatibility' between rootstock and scion.


Recently, this column presented a look at the French National Library and National Science Museum, both located in Paris, and discussed how both attempted to reconcile the demand to both satisfy the needs of individual users and fulfil a larger, cultural mission for the nation. Although the United States does not have a national library, many academic and public libraries are facing the similar issue of appeal to a larger and diverse public while maintaining environments for individual reading and study. The purpose of this article is to focus on the new British National Library building, located in the St Pancras area of London and examine how it meets up to these challenges and deploys information technologies. By comparing it with its Parisian counterpart, the article shows how the British Library has struck out on a different path, using different design concepts, to achieve similar ends.