In recognition of the importance of an independent European access to the International Space Station (ISS) in preparation for the needs of future reusable transportation systems, ESA is conducting parallel activities to generate flight data using atmospheric re-entry test-beds and to identify vehicle design solutions for human transportation vehicles, serving the ISS first and exploration missions later on. In detail these activities include: ● The EXPERT (European eXPEriment Re-entry Testbed) development ● The SPHYNX (Subscale Precursor HypersoNic XVehicle) feasibility study for an atmospheric re-entry experimental vehicle. ● Manned Transportation System preliminary design definition The objective of Expert is to provide a test-bed for the validation of aerothermodynamics models, codes and ground test facilities in a representative flight environment, to improve the understanding of issues related to analysis, testing and extrapolation to flight. The vehicle will be launched on a sub-orbital trajectory using a VOLNA launcher. The Sphynx demonstrator is a scaled down X38 V201 spacecraft with identical vehicle shape. This vehicle is representative on technology level for crew trasportation vehicles and reusable launcher stages. It will demonstrate European reentry capabilities through controlled aerodynamic flight test in hypersonic and supersonic regimes. The mission will perform in flight qualification of various European TPS and hot structures developed for X-38 and will validate the European aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic databases. In the frame of the Space Launch Initiative (SLI), generic Crew Transportation and Rescue Vehicle (CTRV) requirements were generated by NASA and both US industry and ESA (in cooperation with European industries) studied several vehicle concepts able to fulfill the above requirements. After the NASA decision to proceed with the OSP program, ESA has looked with European industry at: the reassessment of possible concepts according to the evolution of the technical and programmatic scenario and a more precise identification of the potential areas of interest/involvement in the program and of the consequent strategy definition. Thus ESA decided to conduct a trade-off study on Manned Transportation Systems with the objective to identify a programmatic scenario able to support the development of a European independent human access to space capability and/or an ESA contribution to the NASA OSP program. Main objective of the study was to establish an optimal concept of a human space transportation vehicle, which meets, to the maximum extent possible, the ISS Crew Return requirements in oder to ensure an adeguate exploitation of the European investments in the ISS and, later on, the Crew Transportation and Rescue requirements of the OSP program. Based on concept studied in previous ESA programmes, the most suitable solution (considering winged vehicle, lifting body, capsule as potential design solutions) was identified and trimmed according to requirements evolution in order to allow a deeper comparison of the concept capabilities, associated cost and development schedule. The paper describes the results achieved by ESA in the execution of these activities, including the major contribution of Alenia Spazio for what concerns the key role of the Company in Expert, Sphynx and Human Transportation System study activities.


Sealing holes after injection of air or water did not decrease damage caused to avocado wood. The un-neutralized solutions of a 10%, as well as a 15% H3PO3 injection tended to cause less damage than the neutralized solutions while unneutralized and neutralized solutions of a 20% H3PO3 injection caused similar levels of damage. Addition of ZnSO4 or Solubor alone did not increase the damage to the wood. Although avocado wood seems to have the ability to heal and form new functional wood where damage, due to injections occurred, minimum injections necessary to maintain tree health should be used in order to minimise damage to wood over the long term.


and many others through the VUmc Fonds. The database structure of the Alzheimer Center was developed with grant support from Stichting Dioraphte. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any from or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the holder of the copyright.


Everyone is welcome, not only PhDs Abstract: This talk will review the new emerging field of Intelligence and Secu- rity Informatics (ISI), with research framework and technique discus- sions. I will then present a longitudinal case study of our highly acclaimed COPLINK project for law enforcement information sharing, crime data mining, criminal network analysis, and crime spatio-temporal analysis and visualization. Dr. Chen's COPLINK system, which has been quoted as a national model for public safety information sharing and analysis, has been adopted in more than 3500 law enforcement and intelligence agen- cies. The COPLINK research had been featured in the New York Times, Newsweek, Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, Boston Globe, and ABC News, among others. The COPLINK project was selected as a finalist by the prestigious International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)/Motorola 2003 Weaver Seavey Award for Quality in Law Enforcement in 2003.


Two cryogenic systems are described which will provide cooling for experiments to be flown on Spacelab 2 in the early 1980's. The first system cools a scanning infrared telescope by the transfer of cold helium gas from a separate superfluid helium storage dewar. The flexible design permits the helium storage dewar and transfer assembly to be designed independent of the infrared experiment. Where possible, modified commerical apparatus is used. The second cryogenic system utilizes a specially designed superfluid dewar in which a superfluid helium experiment chamber is immersed. Each dewar system employs a porous plug as a phase separator to hold the liquid helium within the dewar and provide cold gas to a vent line. To maintain the low vapor pressure of the superfluid, each system requires nearly continuous prelaunch vacuum pump service, and each will vent to space during the Spacelab 2 flight.


• Over 10 years of experience in working successfully with people of different cultures • Provides leadership, direction, and administration for the growth of the organization • Cost effectiveness management, budgeting, and planning for the short and long term goals of the organization • Make use of limited resources to develop strategic plan to promote profit for the organization PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Self Help for the Elderly


Bioconjugate therapeutics comprise a fast-growing class of drugs with applications in various disease areas. In the past years, particularly antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have undergone a period of great success with eight products approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2019-2022 alone. The rapid emergence of novel bioconjugation technologies, payloads and linkers as well as their application on different protein modalities has made bioconjugate development and manufacturing increasingly complex. Clinical success of bioconjugates depends on the delicate interplay between the protein, linker and payload, which is often not readily predictable. Therefore, it is important to consider a range of different technologies when designing a bioconjugate drug. Since navigation of a constantly evolving technology landscape is challenging, it may be beneficial for many biotech companies to enter partnerships with a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) that can help realize the drug concept by providing access to a range of tools for the development of bioconjugates. Partnering with a CDMO at an early-stage of drug development can greatly de-risk the program as the right CDMO can give guidance on how to design a conjugation process that not only fulfills the requirements in terms of product attributes but that is also robust enough to streamline further process development and upscale for moving towards an IND filing.


Received: 16 March 2020 Abstract Accepted: 6 June 2020 Today, the changes in market requirements and the technological advancements are influencing the product development process. Customers demand a product of high quality and fast delivery at a low price, while simultaneously expecting that the product meet their individual needs and requirements. For companies characterized by a highly customized production, it is essential to reduce the trial-and-errors cycles to design new products and process. In such situation most of the company's knowledge relies on the lessons learnt by operators in years of work experience, and their ability to reuse this knowledge to face new problems. In order to develop unique product and complex processes in short time, it is mandatory to reuse the acquired information in the most efficient way. Several commercial software applications are already available for product lifecycle management (PLM) and manufacturing execution system (MES). However, these two applications are scarcely integrated, thus preventing an efficient and pervasive collection of data and the consequent creation of useful information. The aim of this paper is to develop a framework able to structure and relate information from design and execution of processes, especially the ones related to anomalies and critical situations occurring at the shop floor, in order to reduce the time for finalizing a new product. The framework has been developed by exploiting open source systems, such as ARAS PLM and PostgreSQL. A case study has been developed for a car prototyping company to illustrate the potentiality of the proposed solution.


Contents: D. Kirkpatrick, Foreword. M.C. Linn, E.A. Davis, P. Bell, Introduction. Part I: Starting Points. M.C. Linn, E.A. Davis, P. Bell, Inquiry and Technology. M.C. Linn, B-S. Eylon, E.A. Davis, The Knowledge Integration Perspective on Learning. M.C. Linn, E.A. Davis, B-S. Eylon, The Scaffolded Knowledge Integration Framework for Instruction. P. Bell, C.M. Hoadley, M.C. Linn, Designed-Based Research in Education. Part II: Curriculum Design Patterns for Knowledge Integration. E.A. Davis, Creating Critique Projects. P. Bell, Promoting Students' Argument Construction and Collaborative Debate in the Science Classroom. C.M. Hoadley, Fostering Productive Collaboration Offline and Online: Learning From Each Other. D. Clark, Hands-on Investigation in Internet Environments: Teaching Thermal Equilibrium. Part III: New Partnerships. J.D. Slotta, The Web-Based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE): Scaffolding Knowledge Integration in the Science Classroom. P. Bell, The Educational Opportunities of Contemporary Controversies in Science. E. Baumgartner, Synergy Research and Knowledge Integration: Customizing Activities Around Stream Ecology. L. Shear, P. Bell, M.C. Linn, Partnership Models: The Case of the Deformed Frogs. Part IV: Next Steps. M.C. Linn, P. Bell, E.A. Davis, Specific Design Principles: Elaborating the Scaffolded Knowledge Integration Framework. M.C. Linn, E.A. Davis, P. Bell, B-S. Eylon, Closing Thoughts: Internet Environments for Science Education.


The goal for this semester was to finalize a first testable version of the system so we could bring a group of archaeologists to try the system in a controlled experiment. This would give us a first evaluation of how we are doing in designing this new research tool. There were two main reasons why this was not accomplished. The first one, and most important, the creation of the user interface, so users could use the system as naturally as possible, turned out to be the stopping point for the experiment. During the summer we iterated three or four times over a design for a user study, trying to define tasks that would allow us to compare performance of users in our system and using classic methods of studying a site. A number of new issues and factors came up during this process:-The impossibility of creating a set of comparable tasks valid for both the virtual (Cave) and the non-virtual environment (database).-Characterization of our main task, look for areas of high concentration of artifacts, as a " Visual Search ". This term relates to a well studied area of Cognitive Science, providing us with extensive literature about experimental methods and techniques to perform this type of task. Nevertheless, our case is more complicated because our search is in 3D, which involves another set of problems.-The density of the user's field of view, and the visual clutter introduced by the complicated geometry of trenches and loci, make the three dimensional visual search very complicated.-We created a " cluster " method to visualize artifact concentration in the different loci.-Orientation on the virtual site is key. This affects not only the comfort of the user (he or she actually know where they are) but also the results of any search task.-The scale at which our tasks have to be done is not clear. At first we planned on using the " life-size " scale the cave naturally provides us. As mentioned before, problems with visual clutter suggested we approach the problem from a different prospective: Perform the search at a smaller scale and do any further, more detailed investigation at a real scale, being immersed in the excavation trenches.


Retraction of 'Ni/Co/Ti layered double hydroxide for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and Acid Red G: a comparative study' by Priyadarshi Roy Chowdhury and Krishna G. Bhattacharyya, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. , 2017, 16 , 835–839.


The increased use in production LSI circuits of ion implantation, in particular, the use of the depletion load transistor, has prompted re-examination of conventional MOS theory. For enhancement/depletion mode circuits, discrepancies between measured and predicted characteristics appear due to the inadequacy of the conventional depletion load device model. Calculations are described for p-channel depletion load transistors. Comparison of I D -V G characteristics to experiment are given for several energies and doses. A voltage dependent shift in the I D -V G curves is shown to be a direct consequence of hole degeneracy.


Mycotoxins are feed contaminants that are a major problem in the livestock industry because of their prevalence in feedstuffs and the difficulty of removing them. They can cause a wide range of issues at varying levels of exposure. Each species is affected by different mycotoxins and at different levels. Pigs are more susceptible to deoxynivalenol (DON), whereas ducks are more susceptible to aflatoxin. Effects of mycotoxin contamination on animal performance are not fully understood. Therefore, the two experiments described in this thesis were conducted to determine the response of pigs and ducks to consumption of feed contaminated with DON and aflatoxin, respectively. In the first experiment, the effect of a mycotoxin binder on duck feeds contaminated with aflatoxin was examined. One-day-old male Pekin ducks (n=360) were randomly divided into four groups; each group had 6 replicate pens with 15 ducks per replicate pen. The positive control (PC) group was fed a diet that was free of aflatoxin B1, the negative control (NC) group was fed a diet that contained >75ppb of aflatoxin without a binder, the negative control with low binder (NC + 0.5) group was fed a diet that contained >75ppb of aflatoxin and 0.5 kg/ton of the binder, the negative control with high binder (NC + 1.0) group was fed a diet that contained >75ppb of aflatoxin and 1.0 kg/ton of the binder. The diets were fed in two phases, days 0-14 (phase 1) and 15-35 (phase 2). The results showed that during early phase 2, NC + 0.5 resulted in a higher rate of weight gain compared to NC (P


Finite Automata Networks (FANs) and Finite Binary Functions (FBFs) are two kinds of finite dynamical systems. In this paper FAN morphisms and FBF morphisms are introduced. The limit structures of the resulting categories FAN and FBF are studied. It is shown that they are both finitely complete. Finally, a wellknown adjunction from directed graphs into sets is lifted to the finite dynamical system level to obtain an adjunction between FAN and FBF.


The impact of climate change on agriculture is being witnessed all over the world, but countries like India are more vulnerable in view of the huge population dependency on agriculture. Monsoons are changing more frequently. Droughts, floods, tropical cyclones, hot extremes and heat waves are making negative impact on agriculture production. Increasing glacier melt in Himalayas may affect the food production in future. Impact of climate is comparative more significant as compared to the past due to increasing global warming, natural calamities and this may result fluctuations in yield of many crops. Climate change may alter the distribution and quality of India's natural resources and may adversely affect the livelihood of its people. This paper is an attempt to analyze the impact of climate change on production of wheat and rice.


Covid 19 is an epidemic that is hitting right now, in the midst of the covid 19 pandemic, the government issued a policy to study from home, the online learning system has a large number of problems, this is what makes students unable to follow learning optimally. The problems experienced both in terms of facilities, the internet as well as in terms of assignments and the environment, are the cause of students being unable to follow lessons optimally, SMK Budhiwarman 1 is one of the schools where students feel the impact of online learning, the purpose of this research is to conduct a survey to be able to measure how much influence the problems experienced have on student scores, in addition to testing the current system. AHP is a method that allows to measure the level of problems experienced during online learning and can provide ratings to find out the main problems faced. By combining surveys with AHP, it is found that the main problems that are most often experienced are from the internet and from the facilities used for learning, this proves that AHP can be the main method for finding the main problems of the many problems of the online learning system..


Based on the assumption of the instability of the colloidal state caused by the movement of charged particles, we previously obtained equations characterizing the structure of the colloid: a Schrödinger-type equation that defines the redistribution of thermal and potential energy in the colloid and a material equation – the diffusion equation with the Liesegang operator, which is connected directly with the substance, allowing find breaks in structures caused by vibrations of electrically charged particles. Such effects for colloidal chemical manifestations are called macroscopic quantum effects. That is, macroscopic quantum effects are a combination of phenomena in which the characteristic features of quantum mechanics are directly manifested in the behavior of macroscopic, for example, colloidal objects. As a rule, the behavior of macroscopic objects contains a large number of atoms and is described with high accuracy by the equations of classical physics, which do not include the characteristic quantum value – the constant bar. Based on the equations constructed by the authors, which are the equations of plasma hydrodynamics, a mathematical model is created that reduces the colloidal system to an equation similar to the Schrödinger equation and calculates a certain constant that is an analogue of the Planck constant for macroscopic colloidal systems and computes the constant of this equation , which is equal in magnitude . It differs significantly in magnitude from the Planck constant, because it characterizes the already complex macroscopic quantum oxyhydrate colloidal system.


Currently, savings and credit cooperatives fulfill a fundamental role in the economy and gradual growth of a country, since they are the main ones in charge of directing the resources obtained by a saver and partner at the same time, through the concession or respective grant of credits to entrepreneurs of the locality.
The Cooperativa de Ahorro y Credito San Antonio Ltda., Is a company dedicated to offer different financial services that can contribute to the consecutive contribution in search of constant development with the purpose of improving in a great proportion the quality of life of the inhabitants in general, and therefore in turn stimulate the virtue of saving in the community, this being the place where this case study was executed with the following subject: CONTROL IN THE SAVINGS PROCESSES PROGRAMMED IN THE SAN ANTONIO LTDA SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVE. LA UNION PARISH AGENCY, this work is determined in the research subline of the career named Management of Accounting Information


Abstract : Pulsed Detonation Engines are currently limited in operating frequency to the order of 40 Hz due to lengthy ignition and deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) times. An experimental study is conducted to determine the requirements necessary to eliminate these constraints through the concept of direct initiation. A branched detonation crossover setup is constructed and the operational requirements are determined. This research demonstrates the ability to directly initiate a detonation in a vacant tube from a detonation obtained through detonation branching. Using a hydrogen-air mixture, a tail-to-head detonation branching is achieved in which a detonation is seen to propagate from a spark ignited detonation tube, through a crossover tube and across a 1:2 diameter expansion ratio into a vacant second detonation tube. This effectively eliminates the ignition and DDT times associated with the conventional operation of the second tube. The closed-end pressure trace of a transferred detonation as deemed successful through wave speed measurements is analyzed and further solidifies the findings.


In these days, with spreading imaging systems, target detection and tracking become an important utility of the systems. In literature, detecting and tracking targets that have various different features in military or civilian applications are common research are of the community. The main purpose on target detecting is detecting objects that can be disassociated from background. They can be stationary or moving. After detecting targets, state vectors of the targets that can include position, velocity, magnitude etc. are predicted via tracking algorithm. In this paper, for detecting targets, salient region extracting is aimed so, Boolean Map Salient, (BMS), approach is used. For tracking targets, Bayesian approach based particle filter is used. Particle filter tries to find probability density function, (PDF), using particles with different weights. The main purpose of choosing particle filter is nonlinear behaviors can be represented. There are limited time for finding salient objects and tracking them in an embedded system. For this reason, to decrease processing time of the application, it is decided to use graphics processing unit, (GPU). It is observed that parallel implementation on a graphics processing unit can provide significant improvements on processing time. Keywords—detection and tracking system, parallel implementation, boolean map saliency, particle filter.


The article deals with teachers' and parents' attitudes towards sexuality education of adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities. It is indicated that teachers treat sexuality education as a relevant problem of education of adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities due to pupils and parents' insufficient knowledge about sexuality education. Informants are particularly concerned about pupils' active sex life, which often results in early pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, etc. Problems are determined by pupils' emotional and behavioural problems, lack of social skills, and deepened by the negative impact of the family and environment. During the research, the prevalence of different attitudes of participants of the educational process (parents and teachers) towards sexuality education of adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities in social and educational environment was observed. Teachers state that sexuality education is a relevant problem due to pupils' early sexual interactions, lack of social skills, emotional and behavioural problems and demonstration of destructive sexual behaviour.


The aim of this study is to identify and describe the balance between work and study of undergraduate students enrolled in a cyber university. In-depth interviews were conducted with 8 students and data were analyzed using a qualitative research method. First, the data analysis showed that workers enrolled in cyber university were different in their performance of studying depending on their ample experiences and difficulties of studying in the past before entering university. Older students who had experiences of attempts to study in a variety of ways were more likely to achieve the balance between work and study without any serious crisis during college enrollment than younger students who did not have such experiences and attempts. Second, participants can be divided into two types of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic as the previous research reported and most of students tended to enter cyber university with a strong extrinsic motivation. To successfully achieve the balance between work and study, their extrinsic motivation should be integrated with intrinsic motivation during their college studying. Third, all the participants utilized a variety of coping strategies to deal with various difficulties and burden of studying.


In the last decade there has been a strong development and new discoveries in the field of oncology. Molecular biology has undergone the greatest evolution and this makes difficult for clinicians to follow closely. In fact, among thousands of new discoveries, only few have truly led to clear benefit for patients. When studying a person on a molecular level, we must never forget the person as a whole.There are more treatment options that should be tailored to each patients' characteristics and wishes. Therefore, in developing person cantered care we should be attentive to the critical features of person centered medicine, i.e., ethical commitment, cultural sensitivity, holistic scope, relational focus, individualized care, common ground for diagnosis and care, people-centered organization of services, and person-centered health education and research. This paper summarized Croatian efforts to develop person-centered care for oncological conditions.


According to the IEC 61850 serial standards and the syntax and semantic of substation configuration language(SCL), some practical issues about the application of SCL in terms of IED configuration in substation communication system are described.Some conflicting questions about SCL Schema are put forward and one or two careless omission is pointed out in the text.The problems include:How to express the data attribute,which has two or more kinds of function restraint values?The attribute name begins with the capital letter,i.e.attribute SBO,which is not conforming to the attribute name standard in Schema;The value of attribute datSet of all kinds of control block elements is null;The type of element ConfDataSet is wrong; In the simple unit enumerates"SIUnit",No.38 and No.62 repeatedly use W to express.The corresponding solving methods and proposals are given for the issues above.


In Table I are set out the influenza admission rates in the uninoculated and in the various vaccine groups. Those inoculated in 1954 only had significantly less influenza than the uninoctilated Difference 8-2 , and those inStandard error 3.7*l oculated in 1955 or in both years fared even better. Though the figures are small they suggest that those inoculated twice gained more protection than those inoculated in 1955 only. The virological results supported the clinical findings, all 44 strains being isolated from boys either uninoculated (40) or inoculated in 1954 only (4). In Table I1 are shown the admission rates from causes other than influenza and surgery attendance rates of illnesses not requiring admission in the same groups of boys as in


We revisit the estimation of the power deposited by the electron cloud (EC) in the arc dipoles of the LHC by means of simulations. We adopt, as simulation input, a set of electron-related parameters closely resembling those used in recent simulations at CERN [1]. We explore values for the bunch population Nb in the range 0.4 x 10^11 2 and Nb > 1.5 x 10^11 taken in combination. The rediffused component of the secondary electron emission spectrum plays a significant role: if we artificially suppress this component while keeping delta max fixed, dPbar/dz is roughly cut in half for most values ofmore » Nb explored here, and in this case we find good agreement with the results in Ref. 1, as expected. We provide a fairly detailed explanation of the mechanism responsible for such a relatively large effect. We assess the sensitivity of our results to numerical simulation parameters, and to physical parameters such as the photoelectric yield, bunch train length, etc. Owing to the lack of detailed knowledge of the electron emission spectrum, the sensitivity of dPbar/dz to the rediffused component appears to be the most significant source of uncertainty in our results. Nevertheless, taking our results as a whole, the condition delta max <= 1.2 seems to be a conservative requirement for the cooling capacity not to be exceeded.« less


Abstract The infrared and visible reflectance of TMTSF2PF6 is reported. Data are given at high and low temperatures in the metallic range and for polarizations along and perpendicular to the highly conducting direction. Among the interesting features are a pseudogap in the far infrared conductivity along the highly conducting direction, and a mid-infrared plasma edge in the perpendicular direction. Unusual temperature dependent, near infrared absorptions may have implications for the band structure. For comparison some data on TMTSF2AsF6, TMTSF2ClO4, TMTSF2ReO4 and TMTTF2PF6 are presented.


This article gives a brief overview of the history of the National Driver Register (NDR), followed by a more detailed analysis of the NDR since October 1, 1982 when Congress voted in favor of providing funds to streamline the register's communications system. Signed into law on October 25 by President Reagan when he signed the Howard-Barnes Drunk Driving Bill to which the NDR bill was attached, the new law provides for a 60-second pointer system response (indicating a problem with the driver in a particular state), and a five-minute answer from other states with the information. A hard copy is to be printed out simultaneously and sent by mail to the inquiring state. The law calls for a four-state pilot test to assure smooth running of the system once it begins its full operations. Among the improvements to NDR are the addition of drivers who have been convicted of drunk driving, hit and run, fatalities, driving while committing a felony, and reckless driving even if they have not been suspended; inquiries by employers of commercial drivers with the proviso that the employee give written permission and requests be made through the states; use of the register for driver improvement programs by the states; and an advisory committee composed of nine state motor vehicle administrators, three members of the public, and three from the private sector. Further discussion centers on limited disclosure, informing employers, and the link to drunk driving.


The invention relates to a quick-response phase-change heat storage type heat exchanger. The quick-response phase-change heat storage type heat exchanger is characterized in that spaces between external sleeves and an internal pipeline are filled with phase-change capsules, and heat from heat exchange fluid in the internal pipeline can be absorbed by the aid of phase change of the phase-change capsules; the external sleeves wrap the internal pipeline and the phase-change capsules, and internal pipeline inlets and heating fluid flowing access openings are formed in the external sleeves. The phase-change capsules are replaceable phase-change capsules of corresponding temperatures and are arranged inside the quick-response phase-change heat storage type heat exchanger. The quick-response phase-change heat storage type heat exchanger has the advantages that the heat of the fluid in the internal pipeline can be absorbed by the phase-change capsules and can be utilized, and heat can be generated by the aid of continuous phase change of phase-change materials; the quick-response phase-change heat storage type heat exchanger is large in heat exchange area when the heat is released, the heat can be transferred by the aid of phase change, forced convection effects can be realized, a large quantity of heat can be released within a short time for heating the fluid, and accordingly problems of discontinuity of low-grade heat energy, difficulty in collecting the low-grade heat energy and low energy flow density can be solved; the quick-response phase-change heat storage type heat exchanger is simple and convenient, required heat exchange pipelines only need to be connected with internal pipeline access openings of the quick-response phase-change heat storage type heat exchanger, and the required-to-be-heated fluid only needs to be connected with external sleeve access openings of the quick-response phase-change heat storage type heat exchanger.


An electron-dense extracellular material with fibrillar strands functions as the adhesive material for the attachment of the hyphopodia of Buergenerula spartinae to surfaces. This adhesive penetrates the pores of polycarbonate membranes and also attaches the hyphopodia to glass surfaces. Hyphopodia are bound tightly to surfaces and most cannot be removed when washed under running water even after soaking overnight in water at 26 C, 37 C, or 90 C. Incubation in 0.5% pectinase and 0.2 M citrate buffer at 37 C removed few hyphopodia. Substantial numbers of hyphopodia, however, could be removed from glass coverslips by presoaking in 0.5% protease, 0.2 M phosphate buffer, 0.5% hemicellulase, or 0.5% ammonium oxalate followed by rinsing in water. The adhesive material of the hyphopodia did not stain at the ultrastructural level for polysaccharides with the alkaline bismuth, phosphotungstic acid, or ruthenium red techniques. Staining did occur with ammoniacal silver nitrate which is specific for positively charged basic proteins. Enzymatic digestion followed by electron microscopic observation indicated the adhesive material was digested by protease. Pectinase and hemicellulase had no apparent effect. These results suggest that the adhesive material of the hyphopodia of B. spartinae contains positively charged basic proteins.


Since the presentation of a case of nephritis associated with rachitic changes in the long bones by Lucas1in 1883, the subject of renal rickets has been widely discussed in English and American literature. Its pathology and chemical physiology, as well as the various etiologic factors involved, have been carefully considered by Parsons,2Mitchell,3Schoenthal and Burpee,4Hamperl and Wallis,5Shelling and Remsen6and others. In brief, this disturbance is characterized by chronic renal disease, dwarfism, hyperphosphatemia, azotemia, changes in the skeleton simulating those in infantile rickets, chronic acidosis and, finally, uremia and death. Of late, several cases have been reported in which the clinical and roentgenologic findings simulated those of renal rickets, except for the absence of azotemia and the presence of hypophosphatemia instead of the usual hyperphosphatemia. De Toni7presented an unusual case of rickets associated with albuminuria, glycosuria, hypophosphatemia and


Quality of the produce is as much important as quantity in all walks of life and particularly in directly consuming commodities. The present study was conducted to compare the morphological and quality of the field grown rice as effected by population dynamics, nitrogen fertilization and irrigation regimes. Field experiments were carried out at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan for two years. The results revealed that population dynamics did not significantly effect the quality parameters. However, nitrogen fertilization and irrigation regimes have significant and linear impact upon quality attributes of fine transplanted rice under field conditions. From the two years data it can safely be recommended that application of 200 kg ha -1 of nitrogen and 48 plants m -2 is the most appropriate to obtain optimum response of yield and kernel quality under the prevailing conditions. Moreover, irrigation regime of 107.5 cm seems more appropriate than lower or higher rates of irrigation application under the water scarcity situations. In the present scenario the severity of water shortage is increasing in Pakistan, therefore, deficit irrigation should be applied. Simple correlation coefficients were also studied between grain yield and yield components of rice crop for both experiments, having highly positive and highly negative relation.


The study sought to examine the impact of currency risks on the performance of cross-border collective investment schemes. Using data monthly from Ghana and selected African countries over the period 2005 to 2010 and employing a Hendry type error correction model, the results of the study seem to indicate that ccurrency risks are important in explaining the returns on cross-border investments albeit with a lag and upon aggregation. The findings also indicate significant effects flowing from macroeconomic variables such as interest rates. These findings indicate a need to consider currency risks and domestic interest rates when compiling investment portfolios. The findings have significant policy implications as regards international or cross-border investments.


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Polymer gel electrolytes based on cellulose acetate with lithium bis(oxalato)borate salt were prepared by dissolving in γ-butyrolactone solvent. The ionic conductivity and dielectric constant of the polymer gel electrolyte samples are investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy over a frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The ionic conductivity increased with increasing in the cellulose acetate concentration up to 2.4 wt.% (1.41 × 10−2 S cm−1) and thereafter decreased. The relationship between the dielectric constant and ionic conductivity has been interpreted. The optimum conducting polymer gel electrolyte shows electrochemical stability up to 4.7 V versus Li.


Kernel hardness is determined by amounts of puroindolines protein(PinA and PinB) on the surface of starch granules in endosperm of common wheat.To study the relationships between the proteins and grain hardness of wheat,polypeptides of PinA and PinB in wheat cultivars with varied grain hardness were analyzed using improved SDS-PAGE at different stages of grain development.The results indicated that no differences of total puroindolines protein in endosperm were observed between soft and hard wheat cultivars.The amount of puroindolines proteins attached on the surface of starch granules showed obviously variations,indicated that more puroindolines adhered to starch in endosperm of soft wheat while compared with hard wheat.The adhesive protein was a key factor to influence kernel hardness.This study showed that water extracted arabinoxylan(WEAX) also affected grain texture.


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This chapter discusses current and future control technologies for particulates and ash in the power generation sector. Current control technologies addressed include atmospheric pressure systems, which are primarily electrostatic precipitators (mostly dry but to a lesser extent wet) and baghouses, as they are the technology of choice in the power industry. Hybrid systems under development and demonstration are presented. Future control technologies are discussed including pressurized systems such as ceramic and metal filters. Discussions focus on operating principles, designs, and materials of construction.


In these days of evidence-based medicine, doctors are relatively discouraged from thinking laterally. In the past, they had to rely on clinical acumen, 'sixth sense', intuition and experience. This was partly because there were fewer guidelines, but there was also a lower level of sophistication of investigations, and paucity of access to what few tests were available. Medicine was traditionally portrayed as an art rather than a science.


9021 Background: The phase 3 coBRIM study showed significant improvement in progression-free survival in pts with metastatic melanoma on V + C compared with those on V and placebo (P) (HR, 0.51; 95...


The present invention provides a multi-beam laser drilling apparatus. In the multi-beam laser drilling apparatus used in two places by a fθ lens, while suppressing telecentricity error processing, for the first laser beam by using a conventional optical system galvanometer mirror, a current meter fθ lens system close to the mirror, to prevent telecentricity error. The second laser beam after the second galvanometer mirror deflection system, transmitted through the polarizing beam mixer 1 incident on the galvanometer mirror and the fθ lens system, while processing two places with the laser beam by this first. Since the galvanometer mirror near the fθ lens, telecentricity error can be prevented.


Changes in nutritional constituents and enzyme activities were clarified in yellowfin tuna (YFT, Thunnus albacares) eggs during embryonic development, from eggs immediately after fertilization to hatching. The protein levels in the eggs gradually increased with development until the completion of hatching. In contrast, the triglyceride (TG) and free amino acid (FAA) levels in the eggs gradually declined with embryonic development until hatching was complete, although the energy composition of the FAAs was lower than that of the TGs throughout embryonic development. These results indicate that endogenous TGs are preferentially expended as an energy source during embryonic development. Overall, changes in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and alkaline phosphatase showed similar patterns throughout development. First, the enzyme levels diminished; then, they remained at constant, low levels just before hatching, when they rapidly increased. This rapid increase was consistent with the protein content, suggesting that organ differentiation and functionalization were promoted during this period. These results will contribute to the establishment of mass-seeding production of YFT.


The authors report their application of case seminar to nursing teaching classroom. By introducing typical cases to teaching, they a-dopted problem-centered teaching method to seminar by assigning students into small groups , having them discuss problems involving the cases and asking them to present their discussion. Their presentation was required to be a complete practical nursing plan for a patient based on nursing theories and program. During the discussion, teachers functioned as a participant instead of as leading authority in the class, led students to actively participate in the discussion, and encourage communications among group members. During discussion, students not only mastered the teaching contents- but also learnt to use self-study as a method to strengthen their thinking and apply holistic nursing concept into practical thinking ability.


The object of this research is to outline policy priorities through AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis that can upgrade the online service systems for business. This study categorized policy factors for G4B development into three different groups, such as system improvement, service improvement, and policy improvement. The results showed that "G4B policy improvement" was considered the most important assignment, while "G4B service improvement" was considered to have the highest priority in terms of urgency. From the result of analysis, this study proposed several policies such as the development of new services, a link between similar business platforms, the policy coordination, and the reorganization of the promotion system.


The device substrate includes a layer VSD material 230 is embedded in the upper layer 240 or the conductive elements to provide a ground. Electrodes 210 are connected to the circuit protection device is to be extended into the thickness of the substrate in contact with the VSD layer. If the circuit element is working under normal voltage, VSD layer is a dielectric, but is not connected to ground. Circuit occurs, the transient phenomena in electric devices onto, VSD layer is the first electrode is connected to ground by switching immediately to a conductive state.


Batch biosorption kinetics of zinc(II) ions onto powdered waste sludge (PWS) were investigated under different experimental conditions such as variable pH (3–6), temperature (30–50°C), Zinc ion (50–350 mg L−1) and PWS (0.25–3 g L−1) concentrations and PWS particle size (53–231 μm). The rate and the extent of zinc(II) biosorption increased with pH yielding pH 5 (qm = 60 mg g−1) as the optimal value without Zn(OH)2 precipitation. Increases in temperature also resulted in increases in biosorption rate with an activation energy of 6 kcal mol−1 according to the second-order kinetics. Maximum biosorbed Zn(II) concentration was 72 mg g−1 at 50°C. Biosorbed zinc(II) concentration at the end of 6 h of incubation increased with increasing zinc(II) concentration (qm = 95 mg g−1 at 300 mg L−1 Zn), but with decreasing particle size (qm = 70 mg g−1 with Dp = 53 μm) and concentration of PWS (qm = 168 mg g−1 with PWS of 0.25 g L−1). Pseudofirst- and second-order kinetics were used for correlation of biosorption data and ...


We study the use of non-volatile memory for caching in distributed file systems. This provides an advantage over traditional distributed file systems in that the load is reduced at the server without making the data vulnerable to failures. We propose the use of a small non-volatile cache for writes, at the client and the file server, together with a larger volatile read cache to keep the cost of the caches reasonable. We use a synthetic workload developed from analysis of file I/O traces from commercial production systems and use a detailed simulation of the distributed environment. The service times for the resources of the system were derived from measurements performed on a typical workstation. We show that non-volatile write caches at the clients and the file-server reduce the write response time and the load on the file server dramatically, thus improving the scalability of the system. We examine the comparative benefits of two alternative writeback policies for the non-volatile write cache. We show that a proposed threshold based writeback policy is more effective than a periodic writeback policy under heavy load. We also investigate the effect of varying the write cache size and show that introducing a small non-volatile cache at the client in conjunction with a moderate sized non-volatile server write cache improves the write response time by a factor of four at all load levels.


Vol. 218, No. 1, January 7, 2019. [10.1083/jcb.201812063][1].

Following publication, the JCB staff noted errors in the in-text citations and order of papers in the reference list that were introduced during production of the article. The authors were alerted of these inaccuracies and we apologize


An attempt was made to predict the relative storability of seeds of soybean varieties (JS-335 and DSB-21) through accelerated ageing technique in comparison with that of natural ageing where both the varieties had similar initial germination (93 %). The seeds were subjected to accelerated ageing conditions at 41 oC temperature and 95 ± 5 per cent relative humidity up to 180 hours. While, for natural ageing, the seeds were packed in cloth bag with the initial moisture of 9.5 per cent and stored under ambient conditions. The experimental results revealed that with the subsequent increase in accelerated ageing duration from 24 hours onwards up to 180 hours, the seed quality parameters viz., seed germination percentage, mean germination time, seedling vigour index and dehydrogenase enzyme activity decreased significantly. While the electrical conductivity increased significantly. When the accelerated ageing results were compared with that of natural ageing, accelerated ageing for 132 hours (67 % germination) was nearly equal to nine months of natural ageing (69 % germination) in case of JS-335 whereas in DSB-21, 144 hours of accelerated ageing (70 % germination) was equal to nine months of natural ageing (70 % germination). Hence, the accelerated ageing test can be used to predict the relative storability of soybean seeds. Hence, the seed producers can take decision regarding which seed lot can be stored for longer time and which one should be immediately sold to the market without any compromise in seed quality. It also helps in taking other management decisions.


With increased public awareness of fire-safety, flame retardant materials have been widely used and developed. Among them, a polyester called CPET, synthesized by the copolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate and 2-carboxyethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid, has a good fire-safety and has been employed in the manufacture of synthetic fibers. However, the fabricated fiber made of CPET simultaneously possessing good flame retardancy and mechanical properties is a dilemma. Herein, we resolve this problem through the reactive blending of CPET with a type of thermotropic liquid crystal copolyester (PPDT) and subsequently solid-state polymerization (SSP). Thus, the fire-safety of the CPET/PPDTSSP blend improves greatly. The peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release decrease by 31.2%, 16.3%, and 11.0%, respectively, compared with those of CPET. Meanwhile, the CPET/PPDTSSP shows better crystallization and mechanical properties than CPET. The strength at yield and Young's modulus of CPET/PPDTSSP increase by 20.0% and 15.8%, respectively. This blend shows great potential in the fabrication of fire-safety fibers with high strength.


Problems such as the single approach of environmental information openness,the time shortage of public participation,the simplicity of public participation research questionnaire and little difference in the questionnaire targeted to various groups,and the organization arranged by the environmental assessment department,regardless of relevant laws,exist widely in China's environmental impact assessment public participation planning system,which strongly influenced the efficiency of public participation.Such problems need to be solved individually to prevent from making blind decisions and guarantee the quality of planning environmental assessment public participation.


The Monte Carlo method is combined with the thermal network method to solve the temperature field of a spacecraft. The radiative transfer coefficients for infrared radiation among the thermal network nodes and for solar radiation among the surface elements are calculated by the Monte Carlo method to eliminate the reasonless assumptions for the calculation of view factors. A software for calculating the radiative transfer coefficients and solving thermal network equations is developed to analyze the steady state temperature field of a satellite, by which the design scheme will be determined. The incident heat flux data needed for the calculation is presented by the NEVADA code. The investigation shows that the Monte Carlo method in combination with the thermal network method is flexible to the complicated structure of a system and the radiative characteristics of element surfaces, but the calculation is relatively heavy.


This brief presents an efficient adaptive Reversible Logic Finite Impulse Response filter (RLFIR) based on Distributed Arithmetic (DA) using Reversible gates. Reversible logic is one of the most essential issues at present time due to its power reduction effectiveness in circuit designing. The delay and the logical resources of the proposed design were significantly reduced by using add one carry select adder in the inner product of the adaptive filter. The existing carry save adder in the adaptive filter is replaced by the proposed add one carry select adder and logic gates in add one carry select adder is replaced by reversible logic gates in order to reduce the power consumption. The logical resources and delay is reduced to half when compared to the existing carry save adder and the power consumption is reduced to half by changing reversible gates. This paper presents quantum implementation and combinational circuit of all basic reversible gates and its VHDL code. All reversible logic gates are verified and simulated by Xilinx 8.2i.


vailable ductile vanadium is produced by the processes (2) and (5). The present authors consider that the process (4), which has been developed by Lei and his coworkers, would become economically more attractive if improvements could be made on the electrolyte and the anode material. Lei and his coworkers used several different molten salts containing VCl2 as electrolytes. These electrolytes were prepared by in-situ chlorination of vanadium metal in the molten salts. The preparation of VCl2 alone is remarkably complex and in addition this compound is too hygroscopic to handle in the air. On the other hand, as described in the previous papers(20)(21), VF3 and K3VF6 can be prepared by relatively simple methods, and are stable in the air. Therefore, the use of VF3 or K3VF6 as a constituent of the electrolyte is supposed to be advantageous over that of VCl2. This work was undertaken to examine whether or not molten salt containing VF3 or K3VF6 could be used as an electrolyte, and the following points were investigated: (1) the influence of the vanadium contents of anode materials and the electrolytic conditions upon the extraction efficiency and the anode current efficiency and (2) the behavior of the carbon and oxygen in the anode materials during the process of the electroextraction of vanadium.


The southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen) were fed with artificial diets in a recirculated filtered rearing system maintained at 27.5℃ ( ± 0.2℃) for 6 weeks. Using the chromic oxide as an indicator, nutrient apparent digestibilities of six isoenergetic (20kJ/ g) diets containing 35%- 60% protein at 5% increments were determined With the increase from 39.86% to 55.73% in dietary protein level, the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (Ddm.), protein (Dp), lipid (D1), energy (De) and nitrogen free extract (Dnfe) increased from 36.68%, 77.13%, 77.13%, 71.43% and 55.94% to 82.46%, 94.22%, 94.96%, 93.56%, and 84.96%, respectively (p 0.05). The analysis of linear regression indicated that Ddm, Dp, D1, De, and Dnfe were correlated positively with protein level, negatively with nitrogen free extract level. It is suggested that the correlation of apparent digestibility of protein in the fish with dietary protein level alight come from three sources as follows: a) True digestibility of protein which decreases with the decrease of protein level. b) Endogenous nitrogen in faeces which may change with the protein level of diet c) The two mechanisms occurred simultaneously. It is argued that the hypothesis by Ogino and Chen (1973) as to the relationship between protein digesitibility and protein level in diet should be invalid.


This paper describes ongoing research on vision based mobile robot navigation for wheel chairs. After a guided tour through a natural environment while taking images at regular time intervals, natural landmarks are extracted to automatically build a topolog-ical map. Later on this map can be used for place recognition and navigation. We use visual servoing on the landmarks to steer the robot. In this paper, we investigate ways to improve the performance by incorporating inertial sensors.


The mechanics of speed skating the curves is described in a mathematical model, using the sideward push-off characteristics of the propulsion and the cyclic nature of the movement. Theoretical and experimental relations between mechanical work per stroke, stroke frequency, and speed were studied with Olympic speed skaters. High-speed film and video measurements collected at the 1988 Winter Olympic Games in Calgary provided the basic experimental data. Because of the ideal external conditions (indoor Olympic Oval) and the large numbers of optimally prepared specialists participating, unique scientific results on technical aspects of speed skating could be obtained. Statistical analysis and theoretical considerations showed that stroke frequency can be judged as the major regulator of speed. Unexpectedly, it was not possible to detect changes in speed within one lap.


There is a need for clinically useful drug response assays to individualize chemotherapy for cancer patients. This review summarizes the various assays developed to assess the drug sensitivity and/or resistance of primarytumor cells and the clinical validation of these various technologies. Significant predictive correlations between some in vitro drug response assays and cancer patient response and survival have been demonstrated. Prospective randomized clinical trials comparing survival between patients given a drug tested in vitro and patients treated with standard chemotherapy are, however, required to demonstrate the real impact of in vitro assay-assisted treatments on patient survival.


Wind turbine blade (WTB) is a complex composite structure, which is normally composed of coating (gelcoat), glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), and natural fibres like balsa [1]. During its manufacturing and its service, many types of defects can appear, either surficial or internal, such as cracks, voids, wrinkles, corrosion, delamination, etc. These defects not only can affect the energetic efficiency of the wind turbine, but also can create significant damage and reduce its lifetime. Hence, an appropriate regular inspection is often required. Common inspections in the industry are achieved either by rope access or by telescope from the ground. While such visual inspections cannot detect the internal defect within the WTB, non-destructive testing (NDT) is often applied, such as ultrasonic testing [2] or thermography [3], [4]. In this work, the passive thermography method is tested to determine the delamination in the main laminate area of the WTB. Such an inspection can be achieved by using natural heating sources like sunshine. A thermal contrast is created between a defect area and a normal area while exposing to the sun, which becomes detectable in thermograms taken by infrared cameras. In laboratory, the delamination was approached by the flat bottom holes (FBHs) and by the insert of Bubble Wrap (BW) inside the GPRP. Both numerical modelling and experimental test were carried out in order to evaluate this method. The experimental test was carried out using a cut piece of a blade with 2 BW inserts with 20 mm in diameter 7, 10 mm in depth as well as 4 flat bottom holes (FBHs) with 20 mm in diameter and 3, 5, 8, 10 mm in depth. An impact damage is also presented in the front surface of the sample. At the beginning of the test, this sample was moved from inside (room temperature at 25 °C) to outside under the sun irradiation. The thermograms were taken routinely every 4 minutes from 0 to 32 minutes. The result (Fig. 1) shows that the less deep defects, the 3 mm FBH and the 7 mm BW insert can be observed easily at early time, which is about 5 minutes. The deeper ones, on the other hand, can be only observed afterwards. However, the maximal thermal contrasts for these defects are generally achieved around 15 minutes, despite the nature, the size or the depth of the delamination defect. The numerical model is built in order to calculate heat transfer within a coating + GFRP composite structure with different delamination depth for both FBHs and BW inserts. A constant heating source of 300 W [5] is added to simulate the sunshine, and a convection (h = 15 W m K) is used to simulate the wind blow. The results for FBHs and BW inserts are presented in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, respectively. From these figures, it can be seen that the thermal contrast is created once the sun starts heating the sample. The maximum temperature differences as well as the time to reach these differences are presented in Table 1. The maximum temperature difference is reached by some time, and this time is correlated with the defect type and the depth. After these times, the thermal contrasts decrease and become less detectable. It can be concluded that the deeper the defect is, the longer time is required to wait for this maximal temperature difference to appear. Generally, these times are between 5 to 15 minutes, which correspond well the experimental results. These results are also comparable to those reported by Worzewski et al. [6]. Both numerical and experimental results show that the passive thermography inspection for delamination detection can be very useful to detect delamination defect within GFRP. However, this method can be very time dependant, which is also reported in the literature [4], [6]. max ΔT (°C) time (min) FBH (mm) 3 3.1 6 5 1.8 8 8 1.1 11 10 0.8 16 BW insert (mm)


OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determination of clotrimazole in Compound neomycin sulfate oral ulcer pellicles.METHODS An HPLC method was adopted.The column was Agilent ZORBAX SB-C_(18)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),and mobile phase was methanol-0.025 mol·L~(-1) dipotassium hydrogen phosphate(75∶25).The detective wavelength was 225 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min~(-1).RESULTS The linear range of clotrimazole was 25-200 μg·ml~(-1)(r=0.9999).The recovery was 100.8%with RSD of 0.86%(n=6).CONCLUSION This method is simple,sensitive and accurate.


The separation of 2′-AMP,3′-AMP and 5′-AMP were investigated by a nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis(NACE) method.Effects of pH* value,nonaqueous solvent,different category buffer on the separation efficiency were studied.The optimum separation conditions are as follows:running medium:200 mmol·L-1 Tris-H3BO3 containing 50% acetonitrile,pH* value:10.0;applied electric field:25 kV;column temperature:25 ℃;detection wavelength:260 nm,and samples were injected from the cathodal end of the capillary by 50 mbar for 5 s.Under the optimal conditions,there are excellent linearities between peak heights and concentrations of the analytes in the concentration range of 1-100 mg/L.The spiked recoveries ranged from 88% to 106% with RSDs less than 4%.The method was applied in the determination of adenosine samples with satisfactory results.


Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation intervals on yield and yield components of three spring safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Birjand, an experiment was conducted at research farm of faculty of Agriculture of Birjand University in 2007. Experiment was a split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with four replications. Three irrigation intervals, including: 7, 14 and 21 days were randomized in main plots and three spring safflower cultivars, including: Kooce, P1 and IL111 were allocated to subplots. The highest yield was obtained from Irrigation with 7 days and cultivars of Kooce with mean seed yield of 2653.2 kg/ha. In this irrigation treatment yield of cultivars P1 with 16% reduction was not different from Kooce, but cultivar IL111 with approximately 30% lower yield showed a significant difference with P1. In all three cultivars the lowest seed yield was obtained from 21-day irrigation interval. Mean seed yield in this treatment was 1069.46 kg/ha and reduced by 53% compared to yield in 7-day irrigation intervals. The influence of irrigation intervals in this situation on cultivar IL111 was considerably more than two other cultivars. The results showed that cultivar Kooce had the best yield with 7-day irrigation intervals in Birjand condition.

Keywords: Irrigation interval, Safflower, Yield


Ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry as a structural tool in biochemistry relies on the notion that native solution structures are metastable within the measurement timescale. Ergo, the critical question is, how much "heat" do ions take up from electric fields in an ion mobility spectrometer? Morsa et al. investigated ion heating in a trapped ion mobility spectrometer (TIMS), claiming that substantial ion heating is intrinsic to TIMS and questioning the ability of TIMS to retain biologically relevant structures. Morsa et al., however, measure the effective ion temperature under conditions that are known to be "hot" and then claim that the observed heating is an intrinsic property of the TIMS method. In this Comment, we thus clarify (a) that the reported ion heating is not intrinsic to TIMS and (b) that TIMS enables native mass spectrometry applications.


Although English has been required to be taught from primary school to university in South Korea and Mongolia, students can be still struggle with English. The purpose of the study was to identify the English learning strategies, styles, and preferences of Korean and Mongolian university students based on their different cultural awareness and linguistic backgrounds. The study was conducted through a research questionnaire based on different questions, designed for the needs of the research. Thus, the paper concerned the importance of learning English and even the problems, regarding students` learning styles, individual learning platforms, and linkages between the two countries.
The paper also discussed the present situation in English education by exploring the fields of the study, learning difficulties, and methods. As a result, the study found the differences and similarities between students` usage of online platforms for their own unsupervised or unguided learning. Comparisons were made with regard to the students' gender, age, learning styles, and other strategies. Our findings also revealed that not only teaching and learning strategies but also face-to-face communication and education systems can be important issues depending on students` linguistic background and learning style preferences.


THERE IS an ongoing debate in health visiting about tire application of professional judgement over assessment and consequent intervention based on rules and protocols. The Edinburgh post-natal depression scale is one example; do highly experienced professionals need an assessment tool to tell them a new mother is depressed?


Despite significant research efforts in the field of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality. Current treatment options available to lower lipids are less than optimal in their ability to alter the progression of atherosclerosis. Therapies that can target both metabolic and inflammatory aspect of this disease have significant potential in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Recent work from our lab and others suggests that the nuclear receptor REV-ERB plays important role in regulating both lipid levels and inflammatory processes. We hypothesize that synthetic REV-ERB ligands can be used as tools to investigate the biology of the REV-ERBs in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and that these ligands have therapeutic potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Eight week old mice (n=11 per group) with deficient LDL receptor were fed high cholesterol diet and treated with vehicle (15% cremophor) or REV-ERB agonist, SR9009 (100mg/kg, I.P.) for a period of eight weeks. We demonstrate that treatment of ldlr-deficient mice with SR9009 significantly reduces the expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis pathway in liver and considerably lowers plasma lipid levels - 45% reduction in LDL and 25% reduction in total cholesterol levels. In differentiating macrophages treated with SR9009, significant changes were observed in expression of genes involved in inflammatory responses. These results suggest that REV-ERBs have important role in the regulation of cholesterol synthesis and macrophage biology with therapeutic potential in the treatment of metabolic disorders, including atherosclerosis.


Traditional single target position finding method can not fit the condition that the situation of modern war field changes in real time and has many targets.In order to enhance the efficiency of target positioning,this paper developed a new semi-active multi-target positioning algorithm for airborne optoelectronic system on the basis of single target position finding.Through establishing the initial east-north-up(ENU) coordinates,aeroplane ENU coordinates,crankshaft coordinates,EO stabilized-aiming coordinates and multi-target projection coordinates,a series of coordinates transform formulas using the relative angles of target were derived,which could calculate the longitudes and latitudes of multi-target.The result of computer emulation showed that this algorithm could calculate the latitudes and longitudes of multi-target at the same time.The positioning precision of hypo-targets was lower than that of the main target because of the increased accumulated error of coordinates transforming by the pixel deviation.


Expected economic and CO2 emission performance of two fossil-based technologies for providing new electric generating capacity in the State of California in the time frame 2010-2030 are compared. The two technologies are state of art natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) and coalbased integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). In the case of IGCC, it is assumed that nominal 90% of the CO2 emissions are captured, pressurized, and sold for use in conducting enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in the State. This version of IGCC that includes CO2 sequestration is dubbed IGCC+S. The specific carbon emissions to the atmosphere (kg C/net kWh) of IGCC+S are only about 1/5 those of NGCC.


The Dental Research Center of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was completed in the summer of 1967, coincident with funding from the National Institute of Dental Research as one of a small number of regional dental research centers and institutes. The facilities and fiscal support have created an environment that has attracted outstanding scientists for research into problems of oral health, and we are indebted to the unprecedented efforts by the dental profession and their associates in North Carolina who initiated these developments. Based on the belief that dental research centers should build on and extend existing institutional research strengths, the interrelated and cohesive approach within specified areas of research interests has sought to use effectively the scientific strengths of the entire university community and neighboring institutions. During the initial years, the research effort has been concentrated on a greater understanding of aspects of growth and development of the craniofacial region; areas of research interest include neural mechanisms, mechanisms of mineralization, speech mechanisms, immunologic mechanisms, growth mechanisms, biomaterials, and hemostasis research. Specifically, the neural mechanisms group is seeking to develop effective means for the control of oral and facial pain based on more basic studies of the trigeminal sensory pathway. The role of mineralization in the formation of the hard tissues of the craniofacial region provides opportunities for applied studies of dental and skeletal formation. The growth and speech mech-


Abstract Currently in South Africa, there are over 20 000 underqualified Grade R teachers who are enlisted into service to ensure that Grade R teaching can continue. The aim of the study reported on was to investigate the challenges and needs faced by underqualified teachers in order to promote the professional development of teachers teaching in rural areas. Phenomenology was used as the research design. By means of a qualitative research approach, purposeful sampling selected only underqualified early childhood education (ECE) teachers teaching in rural schools for more than five years or more in three provinces, as well as their school principals. The findings revealed the following needs and challenges: the need for resources; poor infrastructure; lack of parental involvement; overcrowded classrooms; the need for in-service training; needs of the rural communities; and support from an open distance learning (ODL) institution.


Aiming at the general design and proper plan of earth observation system,the hierarchy efficiency evaluation index system was derived,and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) approach was used to get the weight of index. The acquisition and nondimensionlization method for the qualitative and quantitative index was given. The efficiency evaluation model was derived based on fuzzy synthetical computation,and the membership function approach and the experts scoring method were used separately to compute fuzzy evaluation vector of the qualitative and quantitative index.Finally,a multi-level system efficiency evaluation flow path was put forward based on AHP-FCE(Fuzzy synthetic evaluation),and the effectiveness of the given approach was verified by a mathematical example.


Affected by phase shifts,the transverse intensity distribution(TID) of high-power blending mode CO 2 laser beams will changed regularly in different position along their propagation path.Because of different defocus value for focal laser beams,when the TID of positive defocus is more concentrated than that of negative defocus,the welding quality of positive defocus will be better than that of negative defocus.Therefore,the conventional knowledge on welding quality that negative defocus is better than that of positive defocus is broken.Moreover,the TIDs of focus in different processing position are also different when using"flying optics"to guide laser beam so that the welding qualities are different,too.It is generally considered that if one laser beam's quality is definitive,ies the welding quality should be the same under the same processing parameters.However,for one blending mode laser beam,because of the different TIDs in different processing position,the welding quality is also different.So it is not enough to use beam quality to judge the welding ability of a laser beam.The influence of fine structure of TIDs on laser beam welding quality is more important.The beams studied in this paper is of high-power blending mode CO 2 laser beams whose mode composition are about 20% of TEM00 and 80% of TEM02.In different processing position of flying optics,the TIDs of focus will present crater and mountain profiles.The two kinds of profile influence differentially the shape of laser welding seam.It is shows from our research that the welding quality of mountain profile is better than that of crater profile.


|In this paper, an innovative machine learning ( ML ) approach for the prediction of the output power generated by photovoltaic ( PV ) plants is presented. Toward this end, a two-step learning-by-examples ( LBE ) strategy based on support vector regression ( SVR ) is proposed to learn the complex relation among the heterogeneous parameters affecting the energy production of the power plant. More speci(cid:12)cally, the (cid:12)rst step is aimed at down-scaling the weather forecasts from the standard air temperature and the solar irradiance to the local module temperature and the plane-of-array ( POA ) irradiance. Then, the second step predicts the output power pro(cid:12)le given the down-scaled forecasts estimated at the previous step. The advantages and limitations of the proposed two-step approach have been experimentally analyzed exploiting a set of measurements acquired in a real PV plant. The obtained results are presented and discussed to point out the capabilities of the proposed LBE method to provide robust and reliable power predictions starting from simple weather forecasts.


In situ bismuth film modified carbon fiber microelectrode is reported for sensitive detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in 0.1 M acetate buffer solution of pH 4.5. As compared to the unmodified electrode, in situ bismuth modification improves the detection limit at nanomolar level for individual as well as simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II). Electroanalysis carried out using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry shows linear response over the 50-500 nM range. The minimum detection limits are not affected for the individual and simultaneous metal detection. Using the standard addition method, cadmium and lead have been detected in tap water samples successfully.


ABSTRACT Objectives We investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status and the use and method of contraception among immigrant, second-generation immigrant, and non-immigrant women in France. Methods We analysed data from the 2008–2009 survey 'Trajectories and origins: Survey on the diversity of populations in France'. A total of 7070 women aged 18 to 45 years were identified, and information concerning contraceptive use and choice was obtained by self-report. Polytomous logistic regression models were used to assess association estimates. Results Recent contraceptive use among immigrant and second-generation immigrant women was significantly lower than that of non-immigrant women. Lower educational attainment and unemployment were associated with an estimated 31˜59% reduction in odds of contraceptive use for immigrant and second-generation immigrant women; however, this was not the case for non-immigrant women. Among the latter, lower educational attainment appeared to be associated with increased use of oral contraceptives. Conclusions Our findings suggest the need to advance our understanding of potential barriers to contraceptives created by socioeconomic forces across different societal/cultural contexts.


This paper measures the effectiveness of green industry firms' promotion and advertising expenditures in enhancing sales. Specifically the paper addresses the following three questions: 1) Are promotion and advertising expenditures effective in increasing sales of green industry firms? 2) What are the types of promotion and advertising efforts that have the highest returns for their investment? 3) How does the answer to these two questions change depending on the size of the firm? In order to answer these questions, a model was specified to measure the increase in sales for green industry firms as a result of promotion activities and the associated elasticities of promotion were used to calculate a benefit cost ratio. The returns to promotion expenditures differed depending on media used and also by firm size with ranges from not significant to $7.5 returns per every $1 allocated to promotion and advertising.


Neuronal sensitisation frequently occurs in patients with pain, itch and cough.To study the association of chronic pruritus, as well as other unpleasant skin sensations (especially skin pain), and chronic cough.An online questionnaire survey was conducted on a representative sample of 8077 individuals aged 18–75 years from four European countries.The frequency of chronic unpleasant symptoms was estimated regardless of the severity: tingling (20.7%), stinging (17.6%), cough (14.2%), pruritus (13.5%), burning (11.4%) and skin pain (10.7%). A significant decrease was observed with age. The presence of chronic cough was impressively associated with the presence of unpleasant skin sensations, with a specific highlight on pruritus [odds ratio (OR) = 8.20] and skin pain (OR = 6.18). After removing subjects who reported asthma and/or pruriginous skin diseases, the same trend was observed among people without asthma and/or pruriginous skin diseases.This study shows that chronic cough, pruritus and other skin sensory disorders are very frequent, with a decrease with age, and were commonly associated together. These results were observed in the absence or presence of an allergic, atopic or immune context, suggesting that sensitisation to one symptom could favour sensitisation to others.


This paper presents an historical analysis of developments for the creation and usage of models of mechanisms in academic teaching fields, with the aim of re-evaluating the interest and usefulness of models in teaching and research, and of promoting their merits as a cultural heritage worthy of being preserved. The historical analysis is focused on developments in Italy, with specific attention given to physical models created and used for training young engineers in Italian engineering schools, using commercial products, but also original Italian creations. Examples are reported from the main Italian academic sites, where examples of such models of mechanisms have been preserved or have survived, also, as first attempts at museum valorization in terms of historical memorabilia of educational developments on mechanism design issues.


Posterior circulation strokes often strike fear in the hearts of neurologists. We think of them as high risk for poor outcome and death because the posterior circulation supplies blood flow to the brainstem and there is high risk for stroke recurrence. The literature on posterior circulation stroke in children is limited and highly variable because most studies have been single-center with small numbers of patients.1–3


Abstract Electromagnetic stirring method has been used in casting and arc welding processes to refine crystal grains. In this paper, the authors describe an experiment where an external magnetic field (EMF) produced by a pair of permanent magnets was used to study the effect of electromagnetic stirring on resistance spot welding of advanced high strength steel DP780. Experimental results show that under the same welding current, the EMF could refine the crystal grains, increase the weld nugget diameter, reduce the risk of shrinkage cavities and significantly improve the joint's tensile–shear strength and ductility. However, when the welds with and without the EMF were compared under the same weld diameter, because of the greatly reduced nugget thickness, the tensile–shear strength of the weld made under the EMF is a little bit lower than the normal weld.


Abstract Since 1996 we have been teaching more than 18 severely or totally paralyzed patients to successfully control the movements of a cursor on a computer screen by means of systematic changes in the amplitudes of their slow cortical potentials (SCPs; Birbaumer, Ghanayim, Hinterberger, Iversen, Kotchoubey et al., 1999). Patients learned regulation of their SCP amplitudes by means of a brain-computer interface (BCI) and on-line feedback about the time course of SCP amplitude shifts, represented by cursor movements on a computer screen. When patients were able to successfully regulate their SCP amplitude, they were trained to use this ability to communicate with friends and caregivers by means of a Language Support Program (Perelmouter, Kotchoubey, Kubler, Taub, & Birbaumer, 1999). Having a reliable predictor of progress in training would be particularly helpful because training patients at their homes requires substantial effort and a positive outcome is desirable given limited personal and financial re...


As trainee doctors who have been fortunate enough to attend training days on clinical leadership and management, we realised how important education on these subjects is. We have personally felt inspired and enthused to use our actual and potential skills as leaders in our everyday clinical practice. We are aware that other doctors may not be lucky enough to receive these opportunities, and we therefore organised an event which provided some factual learning for trainees, but more importantly motivated them to become involved in local leadership opportunities. We ran a one-day symposium for all trainee doctors in our region. We aimed to encourage them to understand the leadership opportunities available, to enable them to reflect on their own qualities as a leader, and to utilise these attributes effectively. Many specialties name 'experience of leadership and management' as an assessment criteria for CCT/ARCPs. Given the pressures on clinical rotas, we designed a day that would satisfy training requirements and also leave trainees enthused and inspired. The majority of feedback that we received about our symposium was qualitative. We were pleased to note that the majority of trainees had viewed it as a good place to start their leadership journey, wanted to discover more about leadership opportunities in their local area, and wanted to improve their professional skills. We anticipate that the trainees who attended the symposium will now go back to their individual trusts and use their renewed enthusiasm in their day to day practice and quality improvement work. We also hope that their view of the role of managers may be more positive, leading to better working relationships.


Evaluating option is studied under the condition when the dynamics of underlying asset follows a discontinuous stochastic process,i.e.,fractional Brownian motion with jumps.The authors use the risk-neutral theory,introduce equivalent martingale measure,and derive the pricing formulas and call-put parity for Power Options,a new type of options.For the numerical analysis part,Monte carlo method is applied to obtain the numerical solution.Moreover,the solution is compared with the closed form solutions.Furthermore,the effect of model parameters on option prices is discussed in the final part.


There is a lot of research on the frustration of English learning in university,except from the perspective of self-esteem.This paper is aimed at exploring the relationship between self-esteem and the frustration of English learning in university.The Self-esteem Scale by Rosenberg,a questionnaire and the interview were used to investigate the relationship between these two factors.The result shows that low self-esteem is the primary factors that lead to the frustration of English learners of undergraduate.Moreover,teachers,families,peers and learners themselves make learners' self-esteem low or negative.


Neutrophils are blood phagocytes that contain lobulated nuclei, development of which depend on the expression of an inner nuclear membrane (INM) protein called the lamin B receptor (LBR). Loss of LBR expression causes not only hypolobulation of neutrophil nuclei (Pelger-Huet anomaly) but also severe developmental defects in humans (HEM/Greenberg dysplasia) and mice (ichthyosis). LBR is considered a dual function protein: the N-terminal domain contains chromatin and lamin B binding sites, whereas the C-terminal domain anchors LBR to the INM and exhibits C14 sterol reductase activity. Despite our knowledge of these two structural features of LBR, which domain supports normal development is unclear. We recently addressed this issue with regards to myelopoiesis by expressing wild-type and mutant forms of mouse Lbr in myeloid cells derived from an ichthyosis mouse. We demonstrated that expression of the Lbr sterol reductase domain alone can support nuclear morphologic maturation and is critical to both cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid-stressed proliferative responses of myeloid progenitors. In contrast, myeloid progenitors that lack the homologous C14 sterol reductase Tm7sf2 displayed normal nuclear maturation, cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid-stressed proliferation. We have now generated ichthyosis myeloid cells that express forms of Lbr with missense mutations in the sterol reductase domain known to cause HEM/Greenberg dysplasia. Our preliminary results indicate that these sterol reductase missense mutations disrupt cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid-stressed proliferation, but do not appear to affect nuclear maturation. We are also analyzing the expression patterns of Lbr and two additional nuclear envelope (NE) proteins, Lamin A/C and Sun2, during neutrophil vs. macrophage differentiation using both cell line models and ex vivo differentiated mouse bone marrow, and examining how overexpression of either Lamin A/C or Sun2 affects myeloid differentiation. Our studies may reveal new insight into how different NE proteins regulate the complex functions of two professional phagocytes.


At the 1968 NATO Conference on Software Engineering,1 Edsger W. Dijkstra remarked that he found his position, as a teacher, analogous to that of a teacher of composition at a school of music. This paper wishes to pursue this analogy in greater detail. In particular, the role of style in computer science education is assessed in terms of the corresponding role it plays in music education.


A New Approach for Split Renal Function Assessment Based on 3D-Models Generated from Contrast-enhanced Multi-slice Computed Tomography (Msct) Scans and Mathematical Analysis: A Pilot Study P V Glybochko1, Yu G Alyaev1, S B Khokhlachev2, N K Dzeranov1, V V Borisov1, D V Enikeev1, D N Fiev1, A V Proskura1, D V Butnaru1, Yu L Demidko1, and M V Iurova1 1Research Institute of Uronephrology and Human Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow StateMedical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; 8 bld. 2 Trubetskaya st., Моscow, 119991, Russia 2Central Scientific and Research Institute for Dentistry, Moscow, Russia


The biosorption capacity of dead biomass of Fusarium flocciferum for copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) was studied with the aim of developing the basis for an industrial effluent treatment. It was verified that a Langmuir isotherm describes well the biosorption of cadmium and nickel, whereas copper showed a more irregular behavior. Estimated maximum uptake, Qmax expressed as mg metal/100 mg biosorbent, was 19.2 for cadmium and 5.2 for nickel. Maximum reproducible values for copper biosorption were between 4 and 6 mg/100 mg. In this case, it was verified that process efficiency depends on the balance between biosorbent and metal initial concentrations. Studies with different contact times showed that the process was completed within a few minutes. No difference in biosorbent metal affinity was found for cell incubation periods ranging from 24 hours to 4 days, but the biosorbent obtained from older cultures showed a decrease in metal removal capacity. This biosorbent is prepared from a fast‐growing fungus with low nutritional and physical requirements. It can be used to remove metals from very dilute solutions at neutral pH values, as in the final steps of heavy metal removal from industrial wastewaters.


Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is the engine driving high-throughput protein identification. Protein mixtures possibly representing thousands of proteins from multiple species are treated with proteolytic enzymes, cutting the proteins into smaller peptides that are then analyzed generating MS/MS spectra. The task of determining the identity of the peptide from its spectrum is currently the weak point in the process. Current approaches to de novo sequencing are able to compute candidate peptides efficiently. The problem lies in the limitations of current scoring functions. In this paper we introduce the concept of proteome signature. By examining proteins and compiling proteome signatures (amino acid usage) it is possible to characterize likely combinations of amino acids and better distinguish between candidate peptides. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that a scoring function that considers amino acid usage patterns is better able to distinguish between candidate peptides. This in turn leads to higher accuracy in peptide prediction. Keywords—Tandem mass spectrometry, proteomics, scoring, peptide, de novo, mutual information


Otosclerosis very often leads to severe hearing loss in a chronic progressive manner. In the first phase of the disease, otospongiosis causes an inflammatory osteolytic process in the osseous labyrinthine capsule. In the cases reported here, this osteolytic process was pronounced in the osseous capsule of the cochlea. High-resolution CT and MRI showed the precise localization and stage of this inflammatory-osteolytic process in the petrous bone, while scintigraphy confirmed the diagnosis.


In practice, complete removal of the tumor during a lumpectomy is dicult to accomplish. Published rates of positive margins, range from 10% to 50%. A spherical lumpectomy specimen with tumor directly in the middle must be obtained more frequently. The proposed optical technique may provide a practical means by which all surgeons may achieve such a resection. It has been shown that the intensity of light sources can be sinusoidally modulated and will predictably become demodulated upon propagation through a scattering medium. In this work, the modulated light within the medium was collected by optical ber(s) xed distance(s) from the source and used to measure the optical properties of the area. The optical properties were then used to calculate the distance the light had traveled through the medium. The ber was coupled to an 830 nm diode laser that was modulated at 100, 200 and 300 MHz. A handheld optical probe collected the modulated light and a network analyzer measured the phase lag. This data was used to calculate the distance the light traveled from the emitting ber tip to the probe. An optical phantom as well as a prophylactic mastectomy specimen were used to explore the feasibility of the system. The optical properties were a = 0.004 mm 1 and 0 = 0.38 mm 1 in the phantom. The optical properties for the tissue were a = 0:005 mm 1 and 0 = 0:20 mm 1 . The prediction of distance from the source was within 4 mm of the actual distance at 30 mm in the phantom and within 3 mm of the actual distance at 25 mm in the tissue. The feasibility of a frequency domain system that makes measurements of local optical properties then extrapolates those optical properties to make measurements of distance with a separate probe was demonstrated.


Wetlands have prominent ecological functions and social benefits,and urban wetlands that are closely related to human habitat have played an important role in rain and flood regulation and storage,regulating climate,biodiversity conservation,wetland ecological research,as well as promoting the development of tourism.In this paper the new situations and tasks faced by the urban wetland resources protection of China are analyzed in-depth,and some guiding proposals on the comprehensively strengthening of urban wetland resources protection are put forward:first,to perfect the laws and regulations and standards system on urban wetland resources protection;second,to scientifically implement the urban wetland protection and restoration projects;third,to strengthen the standardized construction management of urban wetland parks;fourth,to establish the dynamic supervision information of urban wetland resources;fifth,to systematically develop the scientific support and training of urban wetland resources protection;and sixth,to carry out widespread publicity and education of the urban wetland resource protection.


This paper reports the development of N2O voltammetric sensor that focused on optimization of potential scan rate and concentration of electrolyte, as well as evaluation of the presence some interfering gases. Pt microelectroda, Au metal wire and mini Ag/AgCl serve as the working, counter and reference electrode respectively. Solution of tetrabutyl ammonium perchlorate in dimethylsulfoxide (0.010, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100, and 0.150 M) was used as electrolyte solution. The scan rate applied to the working electrode was varied: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 200 mV/sec, in the potential range of 0.0 to -2.8 volts. O2 and CO2 were chosen as the interfering gases as their presence in the ambient air are very dominant. The optimum sensor response was achieved at a scan rate 100mV/sec and concentration of 0.100 M TBAP and able to work well on N2O gas concentration range from 4% to 20%. O2 was found as main interference, however CO2 was not providing a significant interference response to the sensor.


Results: An imported case caused an outbreak of 174 cases (93.1% confirmed). The measles virus was detected by culture in 31% of cases. The genotype was determined in 90.7% of positive samples, all of which were the B3 genotype (subgenotype B3.1), with sequencing in various genes that indicated the same viral lineage. The outbreak lasted 198 days. The age range was 2 months -37 years and 84.6% of cases were Spanish-born. A total of 9.8% of cases presented complications, 37.4% required hospital admission, and 9.2% had a documented history of immunization. Twenty-four clusters were identified in families, health workers and infant schools. Conclusions: Control measures included advancing the infant MMR vaccination schedule and reinforcement vaccination in health care workers. While the measles virus still circulates, surveillance of suspected cases and maintenance of high vaccination coverages, especially in health care workers, are essential.