PURPOSE: To obtain an optimal connection having an outlet opening of a pressure container for storing pressure medium. CONSTITUTION: A pressure container has closable hollow bodies 1, 2, 3 without pressure leakage and an outlet opening for pressure medium closable by a valve. The hollow bodies 1, 2, 3 of substantial symmetry of revolution are surrounded by composite fiber windings 6. The hollow bodies has a plurality of connections 5 distributed symmetrically throughout the periphery thereof and protruding radially outwardly.


Amisulpride is an antipsychotic drug which belongs to BCS type II classification. The present study aims to develop nanocrystals of amisulpride in order to enhance solubility and dissolution rate by decreasing particle size of drug. The amisulpride nanocrystals with small and uniform particle size were successfully prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method is based on the high pressure homogenization technique using βcyclodextrin, sodium lauryl sulphate, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose E15 and polyvinyl alcohol as stabilizers at different concentrations. The compatability studies was done by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry showed that no interaction between the drug and stabilizers. The amisulpride nanocrystals were evaluated for drug content, invitro dissolution study, SEM, X-ray powder diffraction, particle size distribution, zeta potential and solubility studies. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) confirmed that there was no change in the crystalline state by this size reduction process. The presence of stabilizers made the nanocrystal formulations more stable. The solubility and in vitro dissolution studies suggested that the nanocrystal formulations can improve the bioavailability of the amisulpride by improving its solubility and dissolution rate when compared to pure drug. It was showed that BCD 1.8% concentration gives better drug release profile and enhances the solubility. The amisulpride nanocrystal tablets were successfully prepared from the best formulation by direct compression method. Precompression and post compression evaluation studies are also performed. Amisulpride nanocrystal tablet showed better drug release profile when compared to marketed and amisulpride tablet.


Acute Radiation Disease (ARD) or Acute Radiation Syndromes (ARS) are defined as the collective toxic clinical states observed from the acute pathological processes in various doses of irradiated mammals; to include: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), toxic multiple organ injury (TMOI), toxic multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (TMODS), and finally, toxic multiple organ failure (TMOF). [2, 10, 18, 21 ] Moderate and high doses of radiation induces necrosis of radiosensitive cells with the subsequent formation of radiation toxins and their induced acute inflammatory processes. Radiation necrosis is the most substantial and most severe form of radiation induced injury, and when widespread, has grave therapeutic implications [1, 3, 53]. Low doses of radiation exposure induces apoptosis (controlled, programmed death of radiosensitive cells) without significant levels of specific radiation-induced toxin formation and with only low levels of inflammatory response [17, 50, 62]. Studying the trigger mechanism for radiation-induced lymphocyte death, N.I. Sorokina used the results of numerous experiments to show that ionizing radiation induces changes in the antigen phenotype of immature thymocytes in mice. This has the same type of effect as chemical differentiation inductors and thymotropin, which indirectly attests to the specific modifying effect of ionizing radiation [97, 98]. B.D. Zhivotovskiy described radiation-induced apoptosis and demonstrated a quantitative association between the pyknotic changes in the cell nuclei of thymocytes and production of postradiation chromatin decay products. The enzyme responsible for the decomposition of chromatin in irradiated cells is Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease. Areas of endonuclease


I consider a rational expectations model in which individual investors become informed by allocating limited attention to stocks. A single informed individual provides no measurable effects. However, individuals' equilibrium attention allocations are identical. Consequently, there exists an informed herd that crowds out institutions in some stocks. Recent empirical work indicates that some individual traders are informed, their actions are measurable, and their trades appear coordinated. My model explains the data and provides new cross sectional and time series predictions regarding investor clienteles and attentiveness. The model challenges the standard assumption that the actions of informed individuals are subsumed by institutions.


The North End Restoration Project uses a regional sediment management approach to address jetty-induced sediment deprivation and accelerated erosion on Assateague Island, Maryland. The biannual sand bypassing project dredges sand from the ebb and flood tidal deltas and places it in the nearshore area of the project site rather than on the upper shoreface, thereby replicating natural sediment transport processes and minimizing adverse impacts to subaerial habitats. Calm weather has prevailed since sand bypassing began, and accretion occurred at all depths within the placement area and at shallow depths to the north and south. Erosion occurred at lower depths and north of the ebb tidal delta attachment bar, which may block sand transport to the northernmost shoreface and where and where wave refraction over the ebb tidal delta and unique tidal circulation patterns contribute to upper shoreface erosion.


Anal sphincter injury has been identified as a primary cause of post‐partum fecal incontinence in women with obstetric anal sphincter injury. However, women without obstetric anal sphincter injury may also develop fecal incontinence. The aim is to determine the relationship between fecal incontinence severity; and i) residual anal sphincter injury, quantified by the Starck score, and ii) anal sphincter tone.


In an automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS), fingerprint inpainting is a critical step in the preprocessing procedures. Because partially fouled, breaking or scratched latent fingerprint is difficult to be correctly matched to a known fingerprint. However, fingerprint restoration proved to be a particularly challenging problem because conventional image restoration schemes can not be directly applied to fingerprint due to the unique ridge and valley structures in typical fingerprint images. Based on partial differential equations algorithm, this paper presents a fingerprint restoration algorithm composing gradient and orientation field. According to gradient and orientation field of the known pixel points, different weights are used in different orientation field in the restoration process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed restoration algorithm can effectively reduce the false feature points.


This contrastive study was conducted to contrastively analyze English and Farsi newspaper opinion columns in terms of the frequency of different types of stance markers.60 newspaper opinion columns (30 written in English and 30 written in Farsi) from 10 wide spread newspapers published in the United States and Iran in 2015 were analyzed. Hyland's (2005) model of stance markers (hedges, boosters, attitude markers, and self-mention) was used as the framework of analysis.The findings revealed that hedges and self-mentions used by English columnists were considerably more frequent than those employed by the Farsi columnists. In contrast, Farsi columnists used large number of boosters and attitude markers. Although, attitude markers were in the last position of sub-categories of stance markers in both corpora.Generally, it could be concluded that the similarities and differences among columnists could be related to the cultural and linguistic preferences of the writers in languages. This study could be beneficial for EFL students and teachers in understanding intercultural linguistic problems in language use, and could be used to lead to creative reading and writing in journalism and ESP courses.


Contents: J. Biro, H. Siegel, Pragma-Dialectic Versus Epistemic Theories of Arguing and Arguments: Rivals or Partners? J.A. Blair, Pragma-Dialectics and pragma-dialectics. D. Brashers, L.S. Rintamaki, E. Hsieh, J. Peterson, Pragma-Dialectics and Self-Advocacy in Physician-Patient Interactions. M. Doury, Evaluating Analogy: Toward a Descriptive Approach to Argumentative Norms. M.A. Finocchiaro, Reflections on the Hyper Dialectical Definition of Argument. J.B. Freeman, A Place for Informal Logic Within Pragma-Dialectics. G.T. Goodnight, When Reasons Matter Most: Pragma-Dialectics and the Problem of Informed Consent. T. Govier, My Interlocutor. H.V. Hansen, Mill and Pragma-Dialectics. D. Hitchcock, The Pragma-Dialectical Analysis of the Ad Hominem Fallacy. S. Jacobs, S. Jackson, Derailments of Argumentation: It Takes Two to Tango. R.H. Johnson, The Ambiguous Relationship Between Pragma-Dialectics and Logic. F.J. Kauffeld, Pragma-Dialectic's Appropriation of Speech Act Theory. M. Kienpointer, How to Present Fallacious Messages Persuasively: The Case of the "Nigeria Spam Letters". L.I. Komlosi, Hidden Effects of Presumptive Arguments on Argument Assessment Strategies. E.C.W. Krabbe, Logic and Games. M. Leff, Rhetoric, Dialectic, and the Functions of Argument. A.M. Vicuna, C. Lopez, The Pragma-Dialectic Ideal of Reasonableness and an Education for Critical Thinking and for the Building of a Moral Community. B. Mral, Gender Aspects Concerning the Concept of "Strategic Maneuvering". D.J. O'Keefe, Pragma-Dialectics and Persuasion Effects Research. C. Plantin, On Casting Doubt: The Dialectical Aspect of Normative Rules in Argumentation. E. Rigotti, A. Rocci, S. Greco, The Semantics of Reasonableness. T.P. Tretyakova, Discourse Linguistics and Argumentation as Open Systems. D. Walton, D.M. Godden, The Impact of Argumentation on Artificial Intelligence. J. Woods, Pragma-Dialectics: A Retrospective. D. Zarefsky, The Ten Rules of Pragma-Dialectics and Validity in Argumentation.


Spatial changes in the azimuth of the maximum principal stress (σ1) axis are found in the intraplate region of southwest Japan. It is inferred from stress inversions of numerous precise focal mechanisms that the azimuths of the σ1 axis in the seismic belt along the Japan Sea coast are oriented in N110°E–N130°E directions, while in the surrounding region they are aligned in almost the EW direction, N90°E–N100°E. Maximum horizontal compressional stresses in an EW direction are widely observed in the shallow crust in the inland plate along the Nankai Trough. However, the maximum horizontal stress in a WNW–ESE direction is seen only in the seismic belt. This spatial change in the stress field in and around the seismic belt is explained by the deformation of an aseismic fault or a ductile fault zone in the lower crust beneath the seismic belt.


Unlike conventional chemotherapies that interfere with all rapidly dividing cells and can cause widespread damage to cells, targeted medicines attack specific molecules that instruct cancer cells to grow and spread and in turn, block the abnormal growth of the cancer. Despite the specific nature of targeted drugs, current clinical evaluation of their treatment in solid tumors primarily relies on either tumor volumetric imaging, which is insensitive and delayed, or invasive tissue biopsies. Assistant Professor Shao Huilin and her research team from the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech) at the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed a technology that is accurate, less invasive and significantly brings forward the evaluation window, by using liquid biopsies.


Two handing methods of applying P to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), seed and knife (dual placement), have generally performed similarly when averaged over years and locations. However. performance can vary considerably from year to year, or even between locations. This study was conducted to determine the effect of optimal and delayed date of wheat planting on the performance of seed-applied and knifed P on grain yield. P uptake, and yield components. Four rates of P (0, 11.2, 22.4, and 33.6 kg P ha 1 ) were seed- and knife-applied on a Sharpsburg soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) and Crete soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Pachic Argiustoll) in 1986 and two Crete soils and one Wymore soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Aquertic Argiudoll) in 1987. There were two planting dates in 1986 and three in 1987. All five soils had soil P test levels of low to very low (Bray and Kurtz P1 of 5 to 7mg kg 1 ). While seed and knife application performed similarly with an optimum planting date, seed application was a superior P application method in terms of grain yield and P uptake when planting was delayed. The primary reason for the superiority of seed P application was its ability to stimulate tillering and head formation at the later planting dates. The difference in performance between the two methods of P application was probably related to quicker root access to the fertilizer P in the fall soon after planting. Root access to fertilizer P in the fall influences the number of tillers developed, which determines head number at harvest and final grain yield. Results of this research suggest that, when wheat planting date is delayed, fertilizer P should he applied with the seed for maximum effectiveness.


Design of the present invention having an axial length (L) of a slab (1; 10, 11) a metal honeycomb body (15) formed of a sheet forming a surface layer of such structures, so that the honeycomb body (15) may be fluid - particularly an internal combustion engine exhaust gases - in the flow direction (S) from an inflow end side (12) to an outflow end side (13) flows, in addition, the honeycomb body (15) having an axial length (L) at least a radial dimension (22) of at least 20mm and 55% partial volume (T) of all the inner plies (1; 10, 11) having a bore (6), which are: the hole (6) each have a 1 and 120mm


The Korean economy had achieved economic 'miracles' in the past, but it currently faces many challenges, economically and politically (Tran Van Hoa, 2002), compounded by a global economic slowdown with hesitant recovery (IMF, 2004), terrorist attacks, regional wars, the SARS and avian flu outbreaks in Asia, and domestic and global uncertainty ahead. The paper introduces the extended gravity theory to construct a simple flexible simultaneous-equation econometric model of Korea trade and growth with its major trading partners, and provides efficient empirical results on its trade-growth causality and trade determination over the past two decades. Based on these findings, economic policy challenges are then targeted for study and solution development.


The paper follows the corrosion behaviour of X10CrNi 18-8 stainless steel thin films coated by PVD method, magnetron assisted, on glass and copper substrates. It was found that with the increase of the coating time increases of the thickness of the coated layer which leads to the decrease of the corrosion rate. The surface condition can influence the corrosion behaviour through the existing defects and the size of the roughness. Coating uniformity, respectively corrosion, changes with the distance from the axis of symmetry of the magnetron.


Synopsis We establish that if Ω is an open square and if P is an arbitrary point of Ω, then the solutions of the wave equation with Dirichlet boundary condition utt − Δu = 0 in R × Ω, u = 0 on R × Γ can remain strictly positive during an arbitrarily large time. In fact stronger results are proved, considering several points of Ω simultaneously and prescribing different, more general, behaviour of the solution at these points.


ABSTRACT Models for the prediction of the solid/liquid interfacial energy in pure substances and binary alloys, respectively, are reviewed and extended regarding the temperature and concentration dependence of the required thermodynamic entities. A CALPHAD-type thermodynamic database is used to introduce temperature and concentration dependent melting enthalpies and entropies for multicomponent alloys in the temperature range between liquidus and solidus. Several suitable models are extended and employed to calculate the temperature and concentration dependent interfacial energy for Al–FCC with their respective liquids and compared with experimental data.


1. This technique looks similar to everting sutures done for temporary correction of entropion. So we are interested to know the long-term results in those few patients who came for long-term follow up. 2. Whether this procedure can be combined with other ectropion correction like Lazy-T procedure or horizontal eyelid shortening/blepharoplasty for excess skin. 3. Should there be any slight over correction.


Covid-19 pandemic has changed the world of education where the learning process is done remotely by using an online learning system (online) which is done at home. The need for a device learning is designed to be able to support the distance learning process and achieve 21st century competence, which is directly involved in the learning process using internet facilities. This study aims to develop online learning tools using Inquiry Learning model for physics subjects on equilibrium of rigid bodies. The syntax of the Inquiry Learning model 1) orientation to the problem, 2) making a hypothesis, 3) collecting data, 4) processing the results of the data, and 5) formulating conclusions. The researcher used research and development method (Research & Development), using the ADDIE models (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation,Evaluation). The validation results of the three experts and the overall average teacher showed a percentage of 81.89%, it can be categorized in a very good category. This online learning tool can be declared very good or feasible to use in physics lessons on rigid equilibrium material. So, the development of online learning tools using inquiry learning model on rigid equilibrium material is effective and suitable for the physics learning process of class XI senior high school.


Erratic weather changes over time have a significant impact. Unpredictable weather changes can bring up various problems, one of which is hampering the activities of the Telkom University civitas in outdoor activities. However, there is still a need for weather information. Due to the need for more information about weather predictions in the campus environment, Internet of Things (IoT) technology was proposed as a solution for providing weather detection information. This IoT tool has a variety of sensors that can be used for weather detection, such as rain sensors, temperature, humidity, light, and air pressure. The results from the sensors will then be classified using machine learning algorithms. Machine learning is used to detect weather changes and obtain information about them. The data obtained from the IoT utility will be labeled and categorized into three categories: sunny, drizzle, and rain, based on specific parameters. This study compared the prediction performance of four machine learning algorithms: Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results demonstrate that XGBoost produces exceptional results with a 100% accuracy rate and 100% precision, while the others got around 99.20% to 99.31% and 92.74 to 97.62%. The results indicate that the IoT-based weather detection algorithm XGBoost can effectively predict the weather.


hole diameter, distance between holes, or grid shape. These parameters are also measured in situ with a telemicroscope for high-resolution optical imaging and a triangular laser head for surface profile scanning. The distance between grid surface and pyrometer optics are precisely monitored with the support of the triangular laser head, for which the position is fixed with respect to the pyrometer. The distance measurement allows for correcting the measurement spot size of the pyrometer. The temperature profiles at three different beam power levels (1250, 2250,and4000W),andwarm-upandcool-downphases demonstrate thecapabilities ofthe complexequipment.Itis found that thermal steady state is reached after 4 h of thruster firing. Furthermore, it is shown that the accelerator grid surface temperature increases almost linearly with increasing beam current.


A 71-year-old woman was referred for therapeutic colonoscopy. Relevant patient history included total abdominal hysterectomy, cholecystectomy, and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Significant medications included rivaroxaban 20 mg by mouth daily which was held for 4 days before the procedure. The patient was American Society of Anesthesiology grade III. A 30-mm cecal polyp was removed by piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection, including use of 10 mL of 1:10,000 epinephrine and methylene blue injection, snare mucosal resection, and argon plasma ablation at 1 L/min and 25 W. Eight ligature clips were used to close the lesion. No bleeding was noted at the end of the procedure. Procedure time was 57 minutes with 25-mg fentanyl and 570-mg propofol administered intravenously. The procedure was noted to be difficult, and successful completion of the procedure was aided by applying significant amounts of abdominal pressure.


This paper describes an enhancement of an MPEG reference implementation to apply model based coding for more efficient video coding. While the maximum efficiency of standard coding schemes converges against the minimal entropy of a video signal, even lower data rates can be achieved by coding model based with the assumption of previous knowledge at the receiving end. With the help of computer graphical developments this approach promises a dramatic decrease in data rates for video


With the advancement of sustainable actions in the textile industry, biodegradable polymers are considered a potential solution to environmental problems generated by plastic waste. In particular, renewable polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA), are the most promising bioresorbable materials for application in consumer areas, such as the textile industry, which is one of the largest segments responsible for waste generation. Based on these considerations, the objective was to investigate the degradability of 3D-printed PLA biopolymer, compared to the degradability of natural and synthetic textile fibers (cotton and polyester). The comparison was carried out with samples of materials degraded in soil and exposed to the weather for 120 days. Significant results were obtained for mass loss, as follows: 13.4% PLA; 8.9% cotton/flat, and 3.84% polyester/flat. As for the loss of area, the results were 46.5% for PLA; 15.4% for cotton/knit; and 6.25% for polyester/knit. The composition of the analyzed materials is one of the factors that can determine the period of degradation, since natural fiber fabrics present faster decomposition due to the presence of microorganisms. Another point to highlight is the material construction, as the knitted fabric is more unstable compared to flat fabric, its bonds tend to break more easily resulting in a different degradation process for flat, knit, and non-woven materials.


A mathematical expression of Freundlich kinetic equation, 1nS=A'+B'1nt, is presented, and the physical meanings of its parameters are indicated. Although the Freundlich kinetic equation and the two-constant equation are the same in the form, the derivation of the Freundlich kinetic equation is precise, while the deriVation of the two-constant equation has some contradictions and is unreasonable. And it is suggested that the Freundlich kinetic equation should have priority over the two-constant equation to be used.


The present invention relates to a radio resources available is divided into a plurality of individual partitions, each of the partition, for example, virtual mobile services operator (Mobile Virtual Network Allocated to different operators such as Operator), to provide a resource management device for a cellular communication system. A radio network controller of a cellular communication system (215, 217) has a separate resource controller for each operator (221,223,225,227). Resource controller (221,223,225,227), as different quality of service for different operators is achieved, in accordance with the association of the service of the subscriber unit operator ID, the subscriber unit (201) allocating radio resources. Resources are allocated from the identified operator resource partitions. Resource controller (221,223,225,227) is independently controls one or more quality of service parameters of the radio access network. Thus, each operator is able to control and manage independently quality of service, it is possible to be distinguished from other operators.


A fundamental distinction in sex ratio theory concerns how selection acts upon autosomal genes in panmictic populations versus spatially structured populations. Fisher (1930) originally predicted that natural selection favors "equal investment" of resources in male and female offspring in panmictic populations. This results in a 50:50 primary sex ratio for species in which the cost of producing a son or a daughter is equal. Fisher's conclusion has been repeatedly confirmed mathematically (e.g., Shaw and Mohler, 1953; Bodmer and Edwards, 1960; Leigh, 1970). Hamilton (1967) observed that altering the assumption of panmixia led to quite different results. He considered a large population divided into many mating groups, each composed of the progeny of one or more female foundresses. After mating, the daughters disperse throughout the larger population before dividing into groups which produce the next generation. Such a population structure selects for a female-biased sex ratio because daughters of a parent compete for reproductive success within the large population whereas sons tend to compete with each other in the local mating group (Local Mate Competition). As the number of foundresses contributing progeny to a local mating group increases, the optimal sex ratio becomes less female biased (Hamilton, 1967; Taylor and Bulmer, 1980). With many foundresses contributing to a mating population, the optimum is one-half sons, as predicted for panmictic populations by Fisher (1930). Sex ratio evolution in spatially structured populations is of special interest be-


We propose a new conceptual framework for behavioral policy design that we call choice architecture 2.0. We argue that in addition to considering how different choice environments affect decisions (as in conventional choice architecture), choice architects should also be aware of the implicit interaction taking place between the targets of the choice architecture and themselves. When confronting a decision, people often engage in a social sensemaking process that entails an assessment of (a) the beliefs and intentions of the choice architect and (b) how their decision will be construed by the choice architect and other observers. We present examples of how this choice architecture 2.0 framework can be used to anticipate factors that moderate the success or failure of behavioral policy interventions, and we provide examples of factors that may trigger social sensemaking. We also present a template for a social sensemaking audit that policymakers can perform before implementing any particular design of choice architecture.


Retailing encompasses the business activities involved in setting goods and services to their consumers for their personal family or household use. It includes very sale to the final consumers ranging from cars to apparel, to meals at restaurant to theater tickets (BermanaEvans). Retail is the largest private industry in the world with total sales of $6.6% trillion. This industry accounts for 8% of the GDP in the western economics and has generated an 18% return for shareholders between 1994 and 1999 as compared to banks while generate a 9% percent return and insurance which generated a 15.2 percent return (Indian Retail Report end February 2002 Pg 21). The fact that the largest corporation in the world, Wal-Mart is a retail chain, only confirms the significance of this industry (Fortune, July 2002). The retail sector plays a significant role in the world economy because of the contribution that it makes to the economy of the country.


A reexamination of the portraits traditionally assigned to Domitia Longina reveals that they can be divided into three distinct types. Type I was created at the time of Domitia's marriage to Domitian in A.D. 70; type II at the time of Domitian's accession in A.D. 81, celebrating Domitia's new position as Augusta and consort of the Dominus et Deus; and type III after Domitian's assassination, honoring Domitia's participation in the plot to kill her husband. The portraits of Domitia attest to her enduring social and political significance.


Educators have become increasingly interested in the learning benefits that mobile technology can provide to students in and out of classrooms. While there is considerable enthusiasm for using mobile devices to support learning with their multimedia capabilities, portability, connectivity, and flexibility, there is a paucity of research evidence about whether such mobile technology can facilitate learning for K-12 students, specifically the English Language Learners (ELL) population. This case study examined how ELL teachers and their students at two middle schools used the iPod touch to support their teaching and learning and explored the potential benefits of using such mobile devices as a teaching and learning tool. Using multiple quantitative and qualitative data sources from both teachers' and students' perspectives, the findings suggested that incorporating the iPod touch in ELL instruction provided significant support for improved learning capacity along with distinct challenges. The results indicated that in spite of the challenges teachers faced when integrating the iPod touch in their instruction, mobile learning could bring unique technological and pedagogical affordances to ELL students.


The course under construction as an opportunity to enrich the content of provincial experimental teaching demonstration center construction,this paper introduces covering experimental mechanics of materials,university physics experiment and electrical and electronic technology experiment basis,including platform development and construction work of course network teaching.Also it discusses how to perfect the network platform and improve efficiency,etc.


A proximate factor causing the vertical habitat segregation of two sympatric wood mice, Apodemus argenteus and Apodemus speciosus, was analyzed by removal, and food supplementation, experiments. A. argenteus became actively arboreal during summer and autumn, while A. speciosus' arboreal activity was negligible throughout the year, causing seasonal habitat segregation between the two species. Removal experiments showed that the arboreal habits of A. argenteus increased from summer to autumn on both removal and control grids, regardless of the removal of A. speciosus. Food supplementation, however, showed that the provision of additional food led to a rapid decrease in the arboreal habits of A. argenteus. These findings suggest that the arboreal habits of A. argenteus are not the result of interference competition between species, but are a behavioral response to temporal and spatial fluctuations in food availability.


A method of treatment of basal-cell carcinomas by removing the bulk of the tumor by curettage and then treating the base and edges by cryosurgery is described, its indications discussed, and preliminary results presented.


This paper will share an assessment as learning strategy that was put into practice to support
postgraduate students' active and critical engagement with course content.Synergizing elements of reflective writing and assessment as learning, the strategy was based on two basic assumptions: firstly, that reflection would generate deeper thinking about the subject matter, and secondly, that an appropriate form of assessment would engage learners in the kind of learning that should be taking place.At periodic
intervals throughout a 14-week semester, a group of master's degree students wrote rubric-based in-class reflections on pre-selected topics as part of their regular coursework. Analysis of student writing and instructor feedback showed a positive change in the nature of reflection, from descriptive to dialogic, over the task period. This suggests a deeper engagement with course content.


The number of clinically relevant gene‐based guidelines and recommendations pertaining to drug prescribing continues to grow. Incorporating gene–drug interaction information into the drug‐prescribing process can help optimize pharmacotherapy outcomes and improve patient safety. However, pharmacogenomic implementation barriers exist such as integration of pharmacogenomic results into electronic health records (EHRs), development and deployment of pharmacogenomic decision support tools to EHRs, and feasible models for establishing ambulatory pharmacogenomic clinics. We describe the development of pharmacist‐managed pharmacogenomic services within a large health system. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for HLA‐B*57:01‐abacavir, HLA‐B*15:02‐carbamazepine, and TPMT‐thiopurines (i.e., azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and thioguanine) were systematically integrated into patient care. Sixty‐three custom rules and alerts (20 for TPMT‐thiopurines, 8 for HLA‐B*57:01‐abacavir, and 35 for HLA‐B*15:02‐anticonvulsants) were developed and deployed to the EHR for the purpose of providing point‐of‐care pharmacogenomic decision support. In addition, a pharmacist and physician‐geneticist collaboration established a pharmacogenomics ambulatory clinic. This clinic provides genetic testing when warranted, result interpretation along with pharmacotherapy recommendations, and patient education. Our processes for developing these pharmacogenomic services and solutions for addressing implementation barriers are presented.


We introduce an approach to fMRI analysis based on the Lattice Associative Memory (LAM) Endmember Induction Heuristic Algorithm (EIHA). Induced endmembers are used to compute the activation levels of voxels as result of an unmixing process. The endmembers correspond to diverse activation patterns, one of these activation patterns corresponds to the rest state of the neuronal tissue. We introduce a lattice normalization which consists in the mean centering for each voxel patttern independently. This lattice normalization is needed to remove scaling effects that rendered our approach inapplicable. Results on a case study are encouraging.


Abstract One of the first biological fields to achieve a formal chemical wing is believed to be immunology, and in the early twentieth century, many investigators have studied this field in terms of chemical reactions. Hsien Wu was one of China's outstanding biochemist leaders during the first half of the twentieth century, an influential immunology scientist. By introducing his academic and scientific background, I elaborate on Hsien Wu's achievements in the immunochemical period. Wu has solved one of the most serious issues on the accurate perception of immunology, and he made quick and universal attention in this regard. Hsien's most fundamental contribution to this field is his concentration on quantitation, chemical approaches, and physicochemical, opening a new window for other scientists to find out more about the chemical approaches and theories.


A generic test of the geologic storage of spent-fuel assemblies from an operating nuclear reactor is being made by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory at the US Department of Energy`s Nevada Test Site. The spent-fuel assemblies were emplaced at a depth of 420 m (1370 ft) below the surface in a typical granite and will be retrieved at a later time. The early time, close-in thermal history of this type of repository is being simulated with spent-fuel and electrically heated canisters in a central drift, with auxiliary heaters in two parallel side drifts. Prior to emplacement of the spent-fuel canisters, preliminary calculations were made using a pair of existing finite-element codes. Calculational modeling of a spent-fuel repository requires a code with a multiple capability. The effects of both the mining operation and the thermal load on the existing stress fields and the resultant displacements of the rock around the repository must be calculated. The thermal loading for each point in the rock is affected by heat tranfer through conduction, radiation, and normal convection, as well as by ventilation of the drifts. Both the ADINA stress code and the compatible ADINAT heat-flow code were used to perform the calculations because theymore » satisfied the requirements of this project. ADINAT was adapted to calculate radiative and convective heat transfer across the drifts and to model the effects of ventilation in the drifts, while the existing isotropic elastic model was used with the ADINA code. The results of the calculation are intended to provide a base with which to compare temperature, stress, and displacement data taken during the planned 5-y duration of the test. In this way, it will be possible to determine how the existing jointing in the rock influences the results as compared with a homogeneous, isotropic rock mass. Later, new models will be introduced into ADINA to account for the effects of jointing.« less


Midwives commonly state that they are advocates for womancentred care. But Mary Stewart, senior lecturer in midwifery at the University of the West of England in Bristol ( Stewart 2005 ), argues that midwives' behaviour in relation to vaginal examination belies this and suggests that they regard women's bodies as contaminated and polluting.


We studied (i) the volatility feedback effect, defined as the relationship between contemporaneous returns and the market-based volatility, and (ii) the leverage effect, defined as the relationship between lagged returns and the current market-based volatility. For our analysis, we used daily measures of volatility estimated from high frequency data to explain volatility changes over time for both the S&P500 and FTSE100 indices. The period of analysis spanned from January 2000 to June 2017 incorporating various market phases, such as booms and crashes. Based on the estimated regressions, we found evidence that the returns of S&P500 and FTSE100 indices were well explained by a specific group of realized measure estimators, and the returns negatively affected realized volatility. These results are highly recommended to financial analysts dealing with high frequency data and volatility modelling.


The invention discloses an energy supply system combining demand response and comfort feedback on the basis of weather forecast. According to the system, a demand response control module regulates the electricity consumption behavior of a user; a load predicating system performs load predication through weather bureau meteorological data, historical load information, energy supply building information and demand response control behavior to obtain the cold and heat electricity energy consumption demand of the user; then, an energy source management center makes an optimal operation strategy of a distributed energy supply system according to the user energy consumption demand; if the deviation exists between the system energy supply and the user comfort degree, the user can feed back self energy consumption correction information to the energy source management center through a user end monitoring module; the energy source management center corrects the operation strategy of the demand response control module and the distributed energy supply system. The energy supply system has the advantages that the intelligent energy supply on a building or a region can be realized; the goals of energy saving and emission reduction can also be achieved; the energy supply system belongs to an important technical measure for developing an intelligent city and a low-carbon city.


Introduction: in the face of development of the sciences, there is also a growing interested in existing osteological collections and the desire to build new ones, provided that national legislation permits. Proportionally, discussions on bioethics increase, urging nations to revisit their legal systems with a view to updating the topic regarding the protection of human skeletons. Objective: to raise a reflection about the legal status of skeletons, their tutelage in the areas of the State, in the scientific and academic environment. We also look for legal bases that support the rights to dignity and nationality for the skeletonized human remains. Methodology: the method adopted is the bibliographic research with a qualitative approach. The technique used was the descriptive textual analysis of the rights attributed to the remains. Results: the current legislation does not prevent the majority doctrine from considering, within the scope of the law, human bones as a thing. This condition weakens protection, encourages unrestrained traffic and the illegal trade in human bones. Conclusion: it is essential to include an expanded protection nucleus for human spoils in the regulatory documents of the matter, whose content aims to guarantee the inherent dignity. The regulation of the rights claimed here will inhibit issues involving human bones that are currently resolved by an exegetical effort derived from personality rights, the rules of Funerary Law or by local health rules, whose legal protection is restricted to the image, memory and the honor of the dead individual.


Ultra high pressure processing,as a novel non-thermal technology in food processing industry,can extend the shelf-life,and improve muscle quality of the products without destroying meat flavor and nutrients. The aim of this review is systematically to give an overview of the effect of high pressure in the chicken products to highlight its quality characteristics of microbial,protein,color,lipid oxidation and texture,to expect that these can be a reference to accelerate research and commercial application of high pressure treatment on meat products.


In Tanzania, sexuality education in schools is not provided as a standalone subject; rather it is mainstreamed in other subjects, namely Social Studies, Science, Civics and Biology. However, it is not clear how much sexuality education is covered in these subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the status of sexuality education in the Tanzanian national school curriculum. In order to discern the amount and nature of sexuality education in the school curriculum, the syllabi for the above subjects were subjected to content analysis. The results have revealed three major trends of school-based sexuality education delivery in Tanzania. First, only a few aspects of sexuality education, particularly in the area of HIV/AIDS, are covered in the Tanzanian national school curriculum. Second, a greater part of sexuality education is covered during secondary education level, which is arguably too late given that sexuality education works effectively if it is provided early before young people reach puberty, in this case during primary education level. Third, the current sexuality education delivery mainly focuses on knowledge, and little attention is paid to the other aspects of sexuality education, namely skills and relationships and attitudes and values.

 Key words: Sexuality education, HIV/AIDS, school curriculum, guidelines, Tanzania.


The subject of this paper is the application of the induction furnace with cold crucible (IFCC) as a melting aggregate for γ-Titaniumaluminides (TiAl) applied to a casting technique for automotive valves. The study is centered on specific measures to increase the melt temperature in order to improve the quality of the castings. For this purpose, comprehensive experimental investigations of the electromagnetic, thermal and hydrodynamic behaviour of the IFCC are carried out. Examining the electromagnetic behaviour of the IFCC, special attention is paid to the meniscus shape of the melt and the resulting non-linearity of the system as well as to the electrical efficiency of the furnace. For this, experimental investigations using TiAl-alloys, which are relevant in practice, are carried out. Aluminum serves as a model melt for the experimental determination of the thermal and the hydrodynamic field of the melt. Suitable measuring methods are selected, enlarged and realised, particularly with regard to the high melt temperature. The measured data is used to examine instationary processes, to derive quantities that describe the turbulent melt flow and to determine the energy demand of the furnace. The experimental studies are complemented by numerical calculations in order to gain an expanded insight into the physical effects in the IFCC. Fundamental mechanisms are analysed and possibilities to increase the superheating are extensively discussed. Statistical methods are used for the effective planning and evaluation of the experiments in order to handle the numerous parameters. The analysis of the casting technique is focused on the reproducibility of the chemical composition of the castings and the optimisation of individual process steps. Finally, a qualitative assessment of the castings is presented. The analysed data summarised in this work leads to a consolidated understanding of the physical processes in the IFCC. Moreover, they represent important base points for the development and the verification of mathematical models and with this they contribute to the purposeful design and efficient operation of the IFCC. The results of the investigations made during the casts can be used to optimise the valve production and facilitate the successful technical as well as economical realisation of the process in industrial practice.


Background:Effective poststroke rehabilitation care can speed patient recovery and minimize patient functional disabilities. Veterans affairs (VA) community living centers (CLCs) and VA-contracted community nursing homes (CNHs) are the 2 major sources of institutional long-term care for Veterans with stroke receiving care under VA auspices. Objectives:This study compares rehabilitation therapy and restorative nursing care among Veterans residing in VA CLCs versus those Veterans in VA-contracted CNHs. Research Design:Retrospective observational. Subjects:All Veterans diagnosed with stroke, newly admitted to the CLCs or CNHs during the study period who completed at least 2 Minimum Data Set assessments postadmission. Measures:The outcomes were numbers of days for rehabilitation therapy and restorative nursing care received by the Veterans during their stays in CLCs or CNHs as documented in the Minimum Data Set databases. Results:For rehabilitation therapy, the CLC Veterans had lower user rates (75.2% vs. 76.4%, P=0.078) and fewer observed therapy days (4.9 vs. 6.4, P<0.001) than CNH Veterans. However, the CLC Veterans had higher adjusted odds for therapy (odds ratio=1.16, P=0.033), although they had fewer average therapy days (coefficient=−1.53±0.11, P<0.001). For restorative nursing care, CLC Veterans had higher user rates (33.5% vs. 30.6%, P<0.001), more observed average care days (9.4 vs. 5.9, P<0.001), higher adjusted odds (odds ratio=2.28, P<0.001), and more adjusted days for restorative nursing care (coefficient=5.48±0.37, P<0.001). Conclusion:Compared with their counterparts at VA-contracted CNHs, Veterans at VA CLCs had fewer average rehabilitation therapy days (both unadjusted and adjusted), but they were significantly more likely to receive restorative nursing care both before and after risk adjustment.


A solid floatage material is copmosed of core material and surface material of which the core material is made of hard foamed plastic of polyurethane-epoxy and the surface material is water-resisting layer made of epoxy, polysulfide rubber, flaky packing, light packing, coupling agent and curing agent.


This study examines the Indonesian choice language in Madura ethnic family as a mother tongue in District Patrang. Issues to be achieved is how social and psychological factors of parents in the realm of the family of the Indonesian language choice as a mother tongue in ethnic families of Madura in District Patrang. The collection of data in this research done twice: first, conducted to obtain information on family social background and the background of the language used in family communication which includes Madura language and Indonesian languages. Second, the data collection was done by purposive sampling, by using certain conditions. Analysis of the data used in this study is a qualitative correlation method. The study was based on social factor and psychological factors family, which is considered as a factor that causes and encourage Indonesian choice as the Indonesia language used in family communication. Key words : language choice, mother tongue, Madurese ethnic .


Increasing the amplifying efficiency in silicon-on-insulator waveguides plays a crucial role in future adaptation of this technology for integrated optics applications. Such improvements not only lead to a reduced overall footprint size but also the overall reduction in the operating energy consumption of the device. In this paper, we address the design optimization of silicon optical amplifiers working in the continuous wave domain. We seek to optimize the efficiency of a silicon optical amplifier by varying the cross-section area along the waveguide length that coerces judicious minimization of the pernicious influence of free-carrier absorption and two-photon absorption on Raman amplification. Using a recently proposed semi-analytical technique, we recasted the above problem as a boundary-value problem that contains eight coupled nonlinear differential equations for four waves' powers and four auxiliary functions. The numerical solution of these equations allows one to find the axial profile of the effective mode area (EMA), providing the largest output signal power for given waveguide length, input pump power and a preset, input-facet EMA. We have illustrated utility of our method by applying it to several practically realizable amplification scenarios. In particular, optimizing the EMA profiles with different input-facet EMAs, we calculated the optimum signal gain of a silicon optical amplifier with a given (i.e., preset) amplifier length.


At present the rate of fraud crime is high. This kind of crime has caused enormous losses. It has badily interfered with our country's financial market and the socialist construction about Chinese market economy. This article's exposition combined the cases that had happened in the judicial practice with the legel provisions of fraud crime of note. The writer hopes that this article could be useful to the identification of fraud crime of note and its guarding against.


The famous writer and great Scholar lived in the Ming Dynasty,Yang shen admired and accepted Yu hsin Poetry and Rhapsody,and learned more noted writer in the Six Dynasties.Firstly,he discovered the aesthetic value of Yu hsin's poetry when he traced the poem source and edited poetry about 《Ancestor of five Words Poems》,agreed with Du fu and considered Yu hsin poetry and rhapsody's style to be "fresh" and "old".Secondly,Yang Shen accepted Yu hsin's writing concepts that poetry comes from the heart emotion,innovated poems ideas,be sure of the "folk art" value,writed beautiful poetry and rhapsody the same to Yu hisn.Thirdly,Yang shen as a scholar,he studied knowledge,differentiated and analyzed words、phrases and codes of Yu hsin poetry and rhapsody,also inspected Yu hsin's writing skills and the acceptance of techniques by later people.


This paper introduces a novel and generic framework to solve the flagship task of supervised labeled graph prediction by leveraging Optimal Transport tools. We formulate the problem as regression with the Fused Gromov-Wasserstein (FGW) loss and propose a predictive model relying on a FGW barycenter whose weights depend on inputs. First we introduce a non-parametric estimator based on kernel ridge regression for which theoretical results such as consistency and excess risk bound are proved. Next we propose an interpretable parametric model where the barycenter weights are modeled with a neural network and the graphs on which the FGW barycenter is calculated are additionally learned. Numerical experiments show the strength of the method and its ability to interpolate in the labeled graph space on simulated data and on a difficult metabolic identification problem where it can reach very good performance with very little engineering.


: To construct taxane ABC tricarbocycles, a useful methodology including an aldol-like eight-membered B ring cyclization between dienol silyl ethers and acetals was explored. By applying this methodology, the enantioselective total syntheses of (+)-tax- usin and (-) -taxol have been achieved, starting from the substrate containing a chiral center at each C1 site, based on AC to ABC strategies. Syntheses of several artificial taxoids are also described


Background Severe pain in patients with knee OA hampers the ability to exercise. A protocol for the optimization of analgesics in combination with exercise therapy was developed. The purpose of this protocol is to reduce pain and thereby allowing the patient to participate in exercise therapy. Objectives The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of the protocol. Methods Forty-nine patients with knee OA and severe knee pain (NRS-pain≥7, range 0-10) were included in this study. Analgesics were prescribed following an incremental protocol. The incremental steps were (1) acetaminophen, (2) NSAIDs, (3) weak opioids and (4) intra-articular steroid injections. After six weeks of analgesic use a supervised exercise therapy program for 12 weeks was added, consisting of muscle strengthening exercises and training of daily activities. Knee pain was assessed with NRS-pain and activity limitations were assessed with WOMAC-PF. Data were collected at baseline, after six weeks, and after 18 weeks. Results In intention-to-treat analyses statistically significant improvements in pain and activity limitations were found after six weeks of analgesic use and after the complete intervention. Mean improvements from baseline were 30% (p<0.001) for pain and 16% (p<0.001) for activity limitations after the complete intervention. Eighty-two percent of the patients were able to exercise according to the protocol. In these patients exercise therapy following on six weeks of analgesic use resulted in a further improvement of activity limitations of 10% (p=0.004). Conclusions The combined intervention of analgesics and exercise therapy allows most patients with knee osteoarthritis and severe pain to participate in exercise therapy, leading to reduction of pain and activity limitations. These promising results need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The COVID-19 pandemic forced higher education institutions in South Korea to administer Spring 2020 semesters online. This mixed-methods study examined instructor/professor competence for the instructional delivery formats of Face-to-Face and online teaching. Quantitatively, the researcher measured teacher competence for Face-to-Face and online instruction by measuring the Teacher Self-Efficacy levels of non-Korean instructors/professors in South Korean higher education institutions. The qualitative questions assessed the advantages and drawbacks of each instructional delivery format. Findings indicate that instructors/professors are significantly more effective teaching Face-to-Face courses than online courses. However, instructors/professors with online learning experience were significantly more effective teaching online courses than those without online learning experience. It is recommended that all instructors/professors engage in professional development geared towards equipping educators with the tools needed to succeed in the online education environment.


ABSTRACT The molar volumes of tetracyanoethylene (1), maleic anhydride (2), N-phenylmaleimide (3), anthracene (4), trans, trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (5), and their Diels–Alder reaction adducts (6 -9) in the solid state (Vcr) and in solutions (VS) were determined. The reaction volume due to the reorganization of the bonds (Δr-n VW) is nearly the same as in solid state (Δr-n Vcr) and both values are only about 30% from the reaction volume in solution (Δr-n VS). The compressibility coefficients of crystals 2 (12.1·10−6) and 4 (12.0·10−6) are the same and larger than that of adduct 7 (9.45·10−6 bar−1). A huge difference is shown in the magnitudes of the reaction volumes in the solid state and in solutions. It was found that after compressing the reagent powders to 5–8 kbar and depressurizing, these crystals have a density very close to the density of single crystals.


(CRF) is the progressive loss of kidney function. Damaged by disease or another insult, the kidneys gradually lose their ability to perform their main functions: removing fluid and wastes from the body and maintaining kidney-regulated chemicals in the bloodstream. (See Around the Bend: How the Kidneys Work.) In many cases, CRF leads to incurable end-stage renal disease (ESRD). People with diabetes are at greatest risk for developing CRF, which is expected to affect 3 million Americans by 2008. At present, CRF contributes to 50,000 deaths per year in the United States and is a particularly costly disease to treat, in part because of the need for dialysis. But early recognition of CRF, followed by aggressive management and treatment strategies, can maintain kidney function and prevent or slow the progression of CRF to ESRD. Here's what you need to know.


Received on 13 September and finalized on 14 September 2013. _____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Photon attenuation coefficients methods have been used accurately for the study of the properties of biological sample such as Elastin protein. In this study mass and linear attenuation coefficients of gammarays of Elastin protein for 0.122, 0.356, 0.511, 0.662, 1.170, 1.275 and 1.330 MeV photons are determined by using NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. The radioactive sources used in the experiment were Co, Ba, Na, Cs and Co. Mass (μ/ρ) and linear attenuation coefficients (μ) of Elastin protein have been measured using the well-type scintillation spectrometer. Measurements have been made to determine gamma ray attenuation coefficients very accurately by using a narrow-collimated-beam method which effectively excluded corrections due to small-angle and multiple scattering of photons. The values of μ and μ/ρ thus obtained are found to be in good agreement with the theory.


According to the theory of generalized fuzzy sets (GFS), this paper gives the linear generalized fuzzy operator (LGFO) of fuzzy enhancement of contrast among successive region,then puts forward the new bilinear fast algorithm of fuzzy enhancement image edge detection. First the normal sets of grey image is translated to correspondent GFS by using left semi-trapezoid membership function, second proceeds fuzzy enhancement of contrast among successive region to GFS by using LGFO, at the same time, the GFS is translated to fuzzy sets, and then translates fuzzy sets to normal sets, at last the edge is extracted for normal sets. Through a great deal of instance checked, by using this algorithm to extract edge is fast for velocity and good for effect, all exceedes literature [2] ~ [5] on multi-index.


shoot elongati-on in Scots relation to Lemperature. of Sil"vicufture, Research Diurnal variations in the rate of shoot elongation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. ) seedlings in relalion to air temperature has been studied. A photographic system for measuring the shoot length was described. The shoot elongation of three five-year-ofd Scots pine seedlings was measured at two-hourly intervals over a period of 12 days in 1979, and over 13 days in 1982. AmbienL temperature, measured with a thermocouple, was continuously recorded during the same periods. The technique of time series analysis has been used in the analysis of the data" A multiplicative seasonal model was applled to both the input and ouLput series to 'prewhilen' the data set. Serial cross-correlatj.on analysis of the prewhitened series was used to identify the structure of the transfer function model between temperature and rate of shoob extens i on. There was a phase shift bebween bhe air temperature and shoot extension. The identified first order transfer function rnodel adequately described the diurnal variation in the rate of shoot elongation and the lagged response of extensi.on to temperature, The characterisbic feature of the modef was a time constant of 3 h 20 rnin. The model was tesNed wibh a set of independent data, neasured in a gJ-asshouse. The sysLem time consLant was reduced to 2 h 46 min. After this adjustment, the performance of the identified model was satisfacNory also in the test condilons and no inadequacies in its strueture were observed. Author's address: Universi.ty of Helsinki, Department of Silvicul-ture. Unioninkatu 40 B, SF-O0170 Helsinki 17, Finl-and. Helsingin yliopislon monistuspalvelu Painatusjaos Helsinki 1984


As part of this research, there was made an analysis of the foreign policy ideas, values and narratives of the Russian Federation distributed in the information sphere based on the theses that were voiced by the President of Russia V. Putin during his speeches in 2022. These ideas were considered through the prism of ideologemes that determine the strategic vector foreign policy of official Moscow. In addition, an assessment is made of the relevance of these ideologemes for the states of the Middle East region in the context of changes in the global transformation of the entire system of international relations and the building of a new polycentric world order. Conclusions are drawn about the interest of the cross-regional actors of the Middle East subsystem in the promotion of the theses and ideologies put forward by Russia and a certain identity and coincidence of the ideological and value spaces of Russia and the countries of the Middle East. Aspects and directions are outlined in which cooperation and coordination of actions between Moscow and the Middle East leaders can develop. An assumption is put forward about the possibility of building a system of rules and ideas in the Middle East, which can subsequently be extrapolated to the entire global system of international relations.


Chylous ascites as a result of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is a rare complication that carries significant morbidity, including severe protein‐calorie malnutrition and an associated immunocompromised state. We report a patient who underwent hand‐assisted left LDN and subsequently developed chylous ascites. He failed conservative therapy including low‐fat diet with medium‐chain triglycerides (LFD/MCT) and oral protein supplementation as well as strict NPO status with intravenous (IV) total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and subcutaneous (SQ) somatostatin analogue administration. Laparoscopic re‐exploration and intracorporeal suture ligation and clipping of leaking lymph channels successfully sealed the chyle leak. We review the literature to date including diagnosis, incidence, management options, psychosocial aspects and clinical outcomes of chylous ascites after LDN.


We describe the Tactical Battle Manager (TBM), an intelligent agent that uses several integrated artificial intelligence techniques to control an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle in simulated beyond-visual-range (BVR) air combat scenarios. The TBM incorporates goal reasoning, automated planning, opponent behavior recognition, state prediction, and discrepancy detection to operate in a real-time, dynamic, uncertain, and adversarial environment. We describe evidence from our empirical study that the TBM significantly outperforms an expert-scripted agent in BVR scenarios. We also report the results of an ablation study which indicates that all components of our agent architecture are needed to maximize mission performance.


The comparative efficacy of Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Milk Ring test (MRT) was calculated in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in cows (Group A) and buffaloes (Group B) from Lahore and Okara districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Using bacterial growth as a gold standard RBPT showed high sensitivity values of 100% in both groups. While its specificity was 96.29% (Group A) and 90.62% (Group B). On the other hands MRT showed low sensitivity (80.0% in Group A; 86.6% in Group B) while its specificity was 100% in all the animals of both groups. The calculated positive predictive and negative predictive values of both groups were in correspondence with their specificity and sensitivity values respectively. High sensitivity and low specificity of RBPT as compare to high specificity and low sensitivity of MRT in all groups suggested the poor efficacy of both tests used individually as compare to bacterial growth. In the continuation of this study polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was evaluated for its diagnostic efficacy of quick Brucella abortus isolation from same samples. PCR conducted on serum samples gave more positive results than on milk samples. Therefore, the combination of both conventional tests alongwith serum PCR can be recommended.


Composite materials have been widely used in automobile industry to reduce vehicle weight and cut CO 2 emissions. With the rapid advancement of nanotechnology, it is now possible to improve the mechanical performance of these materials more than ever before. In this study, mechanical behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composite mono-leaf springs reinforced with polyurethane/carbon nanotubes (PU/CNTs) nanoweb interlayers was investigated numerically. The numerical analyses were carried by using ANSYS Workbench with ACP module. The numerical verification of the finite element model was carried out by comparing numerical results against analytical calculations. Then, the verified FE model was extended to this study. The numerical results showed that the stiffness of the composite wave springs could be increased by 18% with the addition of PU/CNTs nanofibers in the interlaminar region without weight and thickness increase. It was also observed that the natural frequency values increased by 8% after the addition of these nanofibers.


Abstract : The objective was to determine whether a relationship could be found between site quality and specific gravity of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) growing in Wisconsin. This type of relationship offered the possibility that site quality-yield estimates could be adjusted to indicate not only potential volume yield of aspen, but more importantly, pulp yield. Specific gravities were determined from increment cores extracted from 185 trees at 23 sample sites. Regression analysis showed no consistent relationship between specific gravity and site quality. The forest manager can apparently concentrate on volume production of quaking aspen in Wisconsin without concern that variation in specific gravity associated with site quality will influence the yield of the fiber produced. (Author)


This report presents a detailed description of SLAVE Code, a program which performs the exact deconvolution analysis for horizontal earthquake ground motions. The objective is to determine the horizonal motion-time histories (accelerograms) which must be input at the basement of a horizontally bedded soil system which will yield the specified surface (or near surface) criteria motion history. In the deconvolution analysis, the soil overburden is represented by a vertical soil column (linear shear beam) to which criteria motion is input at (or near) the top. The accelerogram generated by SLAVE Code at the basement or bottom of the soil column will regenerate this criteria motion when input at the bottom of the soil column. 2 refs.


Aims:  The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Lactobacillus spp. isolates from faeces of a healthy dog, and to characterize their potential as probiotics in order to evaluate their possible use as probiotics for dogs.


This study examines the differences for transportation expenditure between weekdays and weekend consumption. The purpose of this study to find out whether the use transportation on weekdays or what commonly called a workday is different from weekend or what commonly called holiday. The data collection is used by delivering questionnaires to 100 respondents randomly. The independent t-test is used in this study to analyze the data. The results of the analysis obtained shows that there is mean difference between transportation expenditure on Weekdays and Weekend. The ttest value shows positive (+) sign to justify that weekday group (first group) has higher mean value than weekend group (second group). This study implies the policy of public transportation in increasing its quality and the habitual or culture of the community.


................................................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 RATIONALE ............................................................................................................................... 3 RESEARCH AIMS AND QUESTIONS ........................................................................................ 5 THESIS ORGANISATION ........................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 7 SUPPORT FOR PROFESSIONAL LEARNING ......................................................................... 11 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY AND METHODS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 23 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 23 SAMPLE SELECTION .............................................................................................................. 26 RESEARCH METHODS ........................................................................................................... 28 DATA ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................... 31 THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF RESULTS .................................................................... 34 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................................. 37 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 38 CHAPTER FOUR FINDINGS AND DATA ANALYSIS: FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 40 STAGE 1: FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................. 41 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................... 42 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 65 CHAPTER FIVE FINDINGS AND DATA ANALYSIS: INTERVIEWS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 66 STAGE 2: SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS ........................................................................ 67 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................... 68 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 91


Failures in the care provided in hospitals may threaten patient safety. Research since the 1980s has established an association between lower registered nurse (RN) staffing levels and higher risk of death in acute hospitals. When RNs have more patients to care for, there is also a greater chance that some nursing care is missed. Yet despite the volume of research undertaken we have little empirical evidence about how or why RN staffing impacts on mortality and studies have rarely directly considered the contribution of medical and support staffing alongside RNs. The research in this thesis has investigated the relationships between RN staffing levels, nursing care that is left undone (also termed 'missed care'), and patient risk of death in general acute hospitals. Using an observational design with cross-sectional data, the research examined RN staffing and mortality, concurrently with medical and support worker staffing, before going on to study the part played by care left undone as a potential consequence of nurse staffing, other factors associated with care left undone, and care left undone as a predictor of patient mortality. The EU funded study 'RN4Cast' was the primary data source used with additional analyses based on routinely reported national data. Nurse staffing, nurse-rated quality and safety, and care left undone were assessed through a survey of RNs on medical and surgical wards. Mortality and patient risk factors were identified from administrative data sources. In Study I better ward-based RN staffing levels were associated with a lower risk of mortality for medical patients, in regression models controlling for both medical and support worker staffing for the 31 RN4Cast NHS hospital trusts in England (RR 0.89, p=0.001). There was no difference in support worker staffing and risk of medical patient mortality. Higher support worker levels were associated with poorer outcomes for surgical patients (RR 1.01, p = 0.053). Necessary nursing care was reported as being missed due to lack of time by 86% of RNs surveyed in England and 74% in Sweden. (Study II, Study III). Lower levels of missed care were associated with more positively rated quality of care and patient safety environment. (Study II). When RN staffing levels were lower, the risk of care being missed was increased. (Study II, Study III). However, higher levels of support workers were not associated with less care being left undone by RNs in England. (Study II). Despite some differences in the care context between England and Sweden, the same fundamental relationship between care left undone and RN staffing was found in both countries, and in an analysis of data from nine EU countries. (Study II, III, & IV). Care left undone was significantly associated with mortality following common surgical procedures (OR 1.16, CI 1.04-1.29) in Study IV, which examined case-mix adjusted 30-day mortality in 300 hospitals in nine countries. Care left undone mediated the relationship between RN staffing and patient mortality following surgery. Care left undone offers a plausible causal pathway between RN staffing levels and patient mortality. (Study IV). This is the first study to demonstrate that nursing left undone is on the causal path between low staffing levels and higher mortality. Taking this research together with the studies that have preceded it, this study provides evidence that higher RN staffing levels is causally linked to reduction in the risk of fatal harm to patients. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I. Griffiths P, Ball J, Murrells T, Jones S, Rafferty AM. Registered nurse, healthcare support worker, medical staffing levels and mortality in English hospital trusts: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 1;6(2):e008751. II. Ball J E, Murrells T, Rafferty AM, Morrow E, Griffiths P. 'Care left undone' during nursing shifts: associations with workload and perceived quality of care. BMJ Quality & Safety. 2014;23(2):116-25. III. Ball J E, Griffiths P, Rafferty AM, Lindqvist R, Murrells T, Tishelman C. A Cross‐sectional study of 'care left undone' on nursing shifts in hospitals. Journal of Advanced Nursing 72(9): 2086–2097 doi: 10.1111/jan.12976 IV. Ball J E, Bruyneel L, Aiken L, Sermeus W, Sloane D, Rafferty AM, Lindqvist R, Tishelman C, Griffiths P. Post-operative mortality, missed care and nurse staffing in nine countries. Submitted for publication.


The emerging spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted business organizations in various ways. Considering risk management, HRM should re-strategize in recognizing, assessing, and mitigating those risks. Further, the importance of HRM's role and strategies in maintaining, increasing productivity, and improving the quality of work life by emphasizing risk management can no longer be disputed. As a key player in organizations, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, HRM shall incorporate new technologies and ICT in redesigning work systems, scheduling, staffing, and training, as well as reskilling the employees. In order to ensure a company does not lag behind in business, business organizations should be sensitive and quick in taking steps in handling the current challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the authors highlighted three types of risks that have taken place in organizations, namely managing workplace diversity, staffing, and training; and toward the end of the chapter, the authors propose strategies for HRM to manage those identified risks.


This paper discusses a technique for supporting omniscient debugging for model transformations (MTs). MTs are used to define core operations on models. Like programs developed using general-purpose languages (GPLs), MTs are subject to human error and may possess defects (or bugs). Existing Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) tools provide stepwise execution to aid developers in locating and removing defects. In this paper, I describe my investigation into the application of omniscient debugging features for MTs. Omniscient debugging enables enhanced navigation and exploration features during a debugging session beyond those possible in a strictly stepwise execution environment. Finally, the runtime performance is comparatively evaluated against stepwise execution, and the scalability (in terms of memory usage) is empirically investigated.


The question facing Reliant Energy was what to do with an 80-year-old plant surrounded by millions of tons of unmarketable waste coal. The answer, which took a decade to arrive at, was the Seaward project-the largest waste coal-fired plant in the world and the only merchant plant of its kind in the U.S. Seward's circulating fluidized bed combustors are complemented by an array of advanced cleanup equipment that reduces the new plant's airborne emissions to a fraction of those of the plant it replaced. For turning lemons into lemonade in such an elegant and environmentally beneficial way, the Seward project is POWER magazine's 2004 Plant of the Year.


The year 2019 brings with it opportunities and challenges for the International Journal of Mental Health (IJMH). This year, an emerging focus of the IJMH related to a global opportunity is smart (digital interactive) mental health services. As part of that, we have introduced a new section of the IJMH, titled Mental Health Informatics, which addresses smart mental health services as well as big data, machine and deep learning, the Internet of things, and more, in relation to mental health. Also, most of our book reviews this year will be dedicated to smart mental health services. Another opportunity involves global mental health, which is a rapidly growing area of scholarly interest and practical importance. As part of that, we expect to publish this year a theme issue on training in relation to global mental health. More generally, the IJMH continues to address mental health in low and middle income countries and other aspects of mental health that involve matters of social justice as well as additional topics of merit. The IJMH has recently faced some technical challenges, particularly some production difficulties. This has delayed the publication of the fourth issue of its 2018 volume so that it was published early this year rather than late last year; I apologize for this to the IJMH's subscribers and other readers as well as to that issue's authors. I am working with the IJMH's staff to try to prevent the reoccurrence of such a delay, recognizing that the IJMH is not the only academic journal that has been troubled this way lately. Another challenge is the unavailability of many peer reviewers across the world, which seems to be a worsening problem. Again, this is reportedly not unique to the IJMH, but nevertheless it causes delays in editorial decision making and thus makes it more difficult for authors to improve and disseminate their work. I use this opportunity to call upon the mental health academic community at large to be as available as possible for peer reviews, for the sake of the general public who benefits from publications in venues such as the IJMH as well as from a collegial standpoint. Last but not least, I would like to use this opportunity to thank the IJMH's previous Associate Editor of Submissions Karen Rothman and its new (and already experienced) Associate Editor of Submissions Yael Mazor. Their tireless work for the IJMH has been invaluable and should be recognized as such. I look forward to another year of interesting and important work with everyone who is involved with the IJMH.


Introduction: Limited qualitative studies exist on nurses' experience in terms of communicating with and caring for patients with endemic diseases. The purpose of this study was to describe the working experiences of nurses caring for Tibetan patients with Kashin–Beck disease in China. Method: A qualitative design was used in this study. Sixteen nurses who worked in the orthopedics department of a large tertiary general hospital in Wuhan, China, constituting a purposive sample, were interviewed face-to-face using semi-structured guided questions. Results: Three major themes and nine subthemes were identified. Major themes included the challenge in cross-cultural nursing, stress adjustment in cross-cultural nursing, and reshaping competencies in cross-cultural nursing. Discussion: This study revealed that nurses encountered multifaceted challenges when caring for Tibetan patients with Kashin–Beck disease. In a multiethnic society, communication and language skills, cultural competency and cultural sensitivity, and diverse training methods to improve cross-cultural knowledge could increase ethnic minority patient satisfaction with cross-cultural care.


Supercritical geothermal resources are in the preliminary exploration stage as a new type of clean energy and there are no practical utilization projects. The IDDP-2 well at Reykjanes geothermal field in Iceland encountered supercritical geothermal conditions in 2017, with a maximum temperature of 535 °C. The system is still in the field experiment stage and no exploitation work has been carried out. Hence, a hypothetical doublet geothermal system was simulated based on IDDP-2 to study the power generation potential and favorable operating conditions for future development of supercritical geothermal resources. A multiphase flow model is established to predict the fluid and heat flow characteristics. Furthermore, sensitivity and economic analyses were performed to evaluate the expected commercial and environmental benefits of the supercritical geothermal system. The results show that the system's evolution could be briefly divided into three stages according to the temperature variation. The power generation ranges between 5.4 MW~16.5 MW, and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is 0.02 $/kWh. In addition, the system can reduce CO2 emissions, which are 1.2~7.75 Mt less than that of fossil fuel plants with the same installed capacity. The results prove the great development potential and commercial competitiveness of the supercritical geothermal system.


The object of the present work was to devise an easily prepared colour scale on the Tallquist model which should not be an arbitrary ascending colour series, but based on a law, or, as the case may be, principle of just perceptible colour sense-differences. It was further the object of the investigation to use whole blood, as this is an easier method to apply in practice than the Sahli or Haldane methods, in which blood is converted for purposes of measurement into


The present paper extends the method of computing the natural modes of flexural vibration of a nonrotating propeller blade which was described in RP764 to blades that rotate as in actual flight. The resulting integral equations were solved for two aluminum-alloy propeller blades of typical design vibrating with the fundamental mode and with the second harmonic mode and rotating at speeds covering the range of service speeds. The effect of rotation on the stress distributions and on the natural frequencies was obtained for the two extreme end conditions of rigid clamping at the hub and no clamping at the hub. Rotation was found to have a small effect (up to 13 percent) on the maximum stress per unit tip deflection and was found to shift the maximum toward the hub. For the determination of critical speeds, the natural freq uencies were shown to follow conveniently from Lord Rayleigh's energy method by making use of the solutions for no rotation outlined in RP764. The effect of initial twist on the flexural frequen cies of the blade was found to be small compared with the effect of changes in clamping at the hub. Changes in clamping may change the frequency up to 13 percent. A correction to RP764 is noted in this connection. Both the stress distribution and the natmal frequencies of a given propeller blade may be calculated from those obtained for a model blade by means of two model rules developed by Theodorsen. CONTENTS l'age I. Purpose of investigation ____ ___ ____ ___________ ________ ___ . _______ __ 640 II. Calculation of stresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 641 1. Equation of motion of idealized straight propeller blade__ _ _ _ _ _ _ 641 2. Mode of motion and stress distribution for fundamental mode __ 646 3. Mode of motion and stress distribution for second harmonic mode _________ ____ _____ ____ ___________ ____ ___ __ _____ ___ 652 (a) Outline of proccdure _____________ __ _____ ___ ____ ____ 652 (b) Results ______________ _____ __ ____ ____ ___ _____ _____ 656 III. Calculation of natural frequencies _______ ______ ___ ___ ____ ___ _____ __ 657 1. Approximate calculation by Rayleigh's method __ _____________ 657 2. Results for fundamental frequency and second harmonic frequency ___ _______ _______ _____ ______ ____________________ 660 3. Effect of restraint at hub; correction to R1'764_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 661 4. Effect of initial twist and of initial curvature __ __ ______ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 662 5. Critical speeds _____ ___ ____ ___________ __________________ __ _ 662 IV. Comparison of natural modes for affine propeller blades ___ _________ __ 665 V. Sumrnary _______________ ____ _____ ____ __ ___ ______ ____ _____ ___ ___ 667 VI. References _______ ______ ____ ___ ___ ______ ____ ____ ______ ___ ____ ____ 669


The advent of multimedia technology have brought to language teaching and learning several new perspectives on the use of audiovisual formats. These have broadened the avenues from the teaching of the so called traditional approaches to new innovative pedagogical ones which have introduced into their theoretical framework the use of this technology. In effect, exploiting the wide range of possibilities through the different modalities that this modern tool has come to offer, not only has challenged researchers and material developers, but educators and learners as well. Therefore, it is important to investigate how this technology may benefit or facilitate the processes of Second Language Acquisition (SLA).


This research examined the relationship between the academic performance of business students with student income, communication skills and intelligent quotient (IQ). The research is based on students from the School of Business and Economics at the University of Fiji. The data for the study were collected through the administration of a formal questionnaire. A total of 50 completed questionnaires were analysed in the study. The data was then gathered and run through the SPSS software. A multiple linear regression analysis was undertaken to find the relationship of Academic Performance (dependent variable) with the three independent variables, student income, communication skills and IQ score. The results of the study reveal that academic performance and student income have a moderate positive relationship and are statistically significant. Academic performance and communication skills have a modest negative relationship. Academic performance and IQ score have a modest positive relationship. Both communication skills and IQ score were not statistically significant.


ABSTRACT Objective To verify if there is an analogy between the indicators of the Global Reporting Initiative adopted by hospitals in the private healthcare system. Methods Documentary research supported by reports that are electronically available on the website of the companies surveyed. Results The organizations surveyed had a significant adherence of their economic, social and environmental indicators of the model proposed by the Global Reporting Initiative, showing an analogous field of common indicators between them. Conclusion There is similarity between the indicators adopted by companies, but one of the hospitals analyzed had a greater number of converging indicators to Global Reporting Initiative.


SrAl2O4:Eu2+ was prepared by microwave-combustion method with europium oxide, strontium nitrate and aluminium nitrate as reaction materials under urea solution as reaction medium. The products were characterized by several analytical methods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine whether the product was SrAl2O4:Eu2+. X-ray technique was used to study the phase composition. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study micro-structure and surface morphology of powders. X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to study the content and impurity of the product. The results show that the prepared SrAl2O4:Eu2+ luminescent materials belong to monoclinic crystal structure, the prepared SrAl2O4:Eu2+ presents loose, porous and foamy micro-structure and surface morphology. The product is made of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ mainly, which concludes W, P, Ni, Fe and Ca elements.


ABSTRACT The thymus is a largely neglected organ but plays a significant role in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. The effect of aging on the thymus and immune senescence is well established, and the resulting inflammaging is found to be implicated in the development of many chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Both aging and diseases of inflammaging are associated with severe COVID-19 disease, and a dysfunctional thymus may be a predisposing factor. In addition, insults on the thymus during childhood may lead to abnormal thymic function and may explain severe COVID-19 disease among younger individuals; therefore, measurement of thymic function may assist COVID-19 care. Those with poor thymic function may be treated prophylactically with convalescent serum or recombinant antibodies, and they may respond better to high-dose or adjuvanted COVID-19 vaccines. Treatments inducing thymic regeneration may improve patients' overall health and may be incorporated in COVID-19 management.


A dispensing system for alkali metals (10), that allows to increase the quantity of alkali metal that can be dispensed, as well as the time during which the system can be used with properties of metal vapors release which are constant in time, comprising an alkali metal dispenser, comprised of a metallic container (11) with one or more first openings (13), containing a mixture (15) of one or more alkali metal compounds and one ore more reducing compounds, preferably in form of loose powders or of pellets of said powders. The system further comprises a metallic shield (12) which substantially encloses said container and that has one or more second openings (14) facing said first openings.


The paper presents the results of field research on the population of dancers – members of the hip-hop community who are "contestants" in battles. The field research was carried out in April 2022 on a sample of dancers aged 17 to 40 (N = 31). The research results indicate that the hip-hop community in Serbia is small, but that such battles in specific forms contribute to the community's maintenance and expansion. Battles also play a significant role in the progression and expression of dancers as individuals. Dancers consider hip-hop to be not only an art form but much more, hip-hop is synonymous with a lifestyle and a "way of looking at the world" for dancers. Although the research was carried out on a small sample, it represents the author's pioneering contribution to a deeper understanding of the hip-hop community in Serbian society. It also indicates the need to carry out compatible research in the future.


Carrier aggregation is one of the important areas in 5G stand-alone (SA) networking deployment plan, which is of great value for improving user experience. In 5G SA networking deployment, there are technical and implementation challenges when carrier aggregation is combined with Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple Output). Based on the principle of two MIMO beamforming methods, the performance differences of the methods are analyzed and compared. Then, the field test verifies and obtains the measured performance difference. Finally, the estimated peak rate ranges of the carrier aggregation UEs with different beamforming modes are given.


Recent progress in the manipulation of atoms or molecules by using STM [1] has stimulated the design and synthesis of a variety of compounds that mimic macroscopic ma-chineries. These molecules are commonly called " technomi-metic " , [2] because they are designed to transpose macroscop-ic-machinery functions at the scale of a single molecule, including the mechanical motions that they undergo. Recently, several examples that may be considered as mechanical molecular devices have been reported, such as molecular gears, [3] motors, [4] wheels, [5] nanovehicles, [6] including wheelbarrows [7] and nanodragster. [8] These individually addressa-ble and controllable mechanical devices are providing the basis for future design of bottom-up nanomachines. Although controlled advanced functions at the molecular level is still a tremendous challenge, a lot of effort is spent on building and mastering the different pieces required to realize such integrated molecular devices. In this context, the wheel—one of the simplest mechanical working units—is an interesting system to study and control at the atomic scale. We recently succeeded to prove the rotation of a triptycene wheel linked to an axle by working at low temperatures. [5a] Unfortunately the preparation of extended nanovehicles equipped with the successful triptycene wheel [6c] did not yield movable molecules, because tripty-cene tends to strongly physisorb by parallelization of the two phenyl rings close to the surface. In the nanovehicles developed by Tours group, [6a] [60]-fullerene, p-carborane, and, more recently, an organometallic ruthenium complex [5c] were used as nanowheels, but all three families have drawbacks. [60]-fullerene derivatives have very low solubility and a high photoactive nature, making them incompatible with photochemical processes. Carboranes cannot be modified dissymmetrically to incorporate a tag, which would help investigate the wheel rolling versus sliding motions. Finally, the organometallic ruthenium complex would be very difficult to deposit cleanly due to decomposition before sublima-tion. To improve the mechanical abilities and efficiencies of a molecular nanovehicle, new nanowheels have been designed , integrating the strong rigidity of their backbone combined with a low interaction with the surface. With this aim in view and in our search for the best candidate, we explored subphthalocyanine fragments, [10] which have an interesting bowl-shaped structure due to the presence of the tet-rahedral boron template at the center (Figure 1). The boron center gives rise to the distortion of the 12-membered-ring macrocycle due to its pyramidal structure, [11] which shifts the boron atom above the plane defined by the three …