John Aycock is an Assistant Professor at the University of Calgary in the Department of Computer Science. He received a B.Sc. from the University of Calgary in 1993, and an M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Victoria in 1998 and 2001, respectively. His research interests include compilers and programming language implementation, compiler tools, system software, operating systems, and all things low-level. He conceived and taught the University's infamous "Computer Viruses and Malware" course. Ken Barker is a Professor at the University of Calgary and Head of the Department of Computer Science. He holds a B.Sc. and M.Sc. from the University of Calgary and a Ph.D. (1990) from the University of Alberta. His primary research area is in database systems but has published in several other areas including security, bioinformatics, distributed systems, and networks. He is also the Director of the Advanced Database Systems and Applications Laboratory in Calgary which consists of about 30 active researchers. Mailing Address: Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4; Phone: +1 403 210 9409; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


Billions of passive Radiofrequency tags are produced by the Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) industry every year to identify goods remotely. Enhanced RFID adds the capacity for localisation and sensing that can be used in earth science for long-term and spatially dense monitoring with low-cost tags. Localisation has been used already to monitor displacements of coarse sediment and landslides over several metres. Sensing capabilities have been developed in laboratories, but never implemented on real fields. This work presents the first RFID sensing application in earth science, using the simplest 1-bit sensor to detect millimetric motion of unstable rocks. The application required designing custom RFID tags adapted for outdoor usage at long range, adapting the data acquisition of an existing tag microcircuit, and designing a sensor that triggers when displacement exceeds a few millimetres, which threshold displacement can be adapted for each sensor. In complement, the system embeds displacement sensing to measure larger displacements> 5 mm, using the phase-based measurement already deployed on landslides. The presentation display results from laboratory tests and from an implementation in a real site in Eastern France. The advantages and drawbacks of the method are discussed, as well as the future potential RFID sensors that could monitor unstable terrains.

Author’s published work on the topic:

Le Breton, M., Baillet, L., Larose, E., Rey, E., Benech, P., Jongmans, D., Guyoton, F., 2017. Outdoor UHF RFID: Phase Stabilization for Real-World Applications. IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification 1, 279–290.

Le Breton, M., Baillet, L., Larose, E., Rey, E., Benech, P., Jongmans, D., Guyoton, F., Jaboyedoff, M., 2019. Passive radio-frequency identification ranging, a dense and weather-robust technique for landslide displacement monitoring. Engineering Geology 250, 1–10.

Le Breton, M., 2019. Suivi temporel d’un glissement de terrain à l’aide d’étiquettes RFID passives, couplé à l’observation de pluviométrie et de bruit sismique ambiant (PhD Thesis). Université Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, Grenoble, France.

Le Breton, M., Baillet, L., Larose, É., Rey, E., Jongmans, D., Guyoton, F., Benech, P., 2020. Passive RFID, a new technology for dense and long-term monitoring of unstable structures: review and prospective. (No. EGU2020-19726). Presented at the EGU2020, Copernicus Meetings. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19726

Le Breton M., 2020, Suivi de terrains instables à l'aide d'un réseau dense de capteurs RFID: Émergence de nouvelles applications, presented at Journées Nationales de Géotechnique et de Géologie de l'ingénieur (JNGG), Jean Goguel Award public session, 2021.


Disclose the use video encoding/decoding method of quad-tree structure, coded method and decoding device.The video encoding/decoding method of described use quad-tree structure includes: decode comprehensive code block label information in coding unit;Based on the dimension information in this comprehensive code block label information and transform block, decode separation information flag;With when be not based on this separate information flag carry out this transform block of additional separation time, decode the code block label information in this transform block, wherein when the conversion coefficient not existed in this transform block, this separation information flag be not decoded.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sleep quality of primary caregivers of children with microcephaly that receive treatment in a public health facility.METHODS: This is a transversal, descriptive and quali-quantitative study. Ten informal primary caregivers of children with microcephaly from a public health facility in Alagoas were interviewed one-on-one for 20 minutes using the mini-sleep questionnaire (MSQ). MSQ scores were statistically analyzed to describe sleep disturbances (mean, median and standard deviation), and the relationship between the level of microcephaly and sleep quality was tested by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test.RESULTS: Results found herein shows the predominance of women as caregivers of children with microcephaly. Overall, the studied population showed a high prevalence of alteration in sleep quality, with 70% of sampled caregivers showing severe sleep disturbances (scores greater than 30). No relationship between the level of microcephaly and sleep disturbances were found (p>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of sleep disturbances among primary caregivers of children with microcephaly in the studied facility. This pattern is of great concern as such disorders may negatively affect not only the caregivers' life quality, but also the quality of provided care.


. A number of results are presented on oscillation and growth of nonoscil-latory solutions of the differential equation xM(t) +f(t,x(t)) = 0. It is shown that a nonoscillatory solution satisfies a first-order integral inequality while its (n — l)st derivative satisfies a first-order differential inequality. By applying the comparison principle, results are obtained by analyzing the two associated first-order scalar differential equations. In the last section it is shown that these results can be easily extended to delay-differential equations.


Surgery in Traumatology is currently a real public health problem given the high frequency of accidents and incidents, it is an essentially functional and painful surgery. The management of postoperative pain has been the subject of many texts, including the Consensus Conference on "Management of Postoperative Pain for Adults and Children" by the French Society of Anesthesia and resuscitation (SFAR) since 1997 updated in 2008, then in 2014. Our objective was to evaluate the role of PARECOXIB in the management of the POP in traumatological and orthopedic surgery, to present its pharmacological characteristics and to define its place in postoperative rehabilitation. This was a transversal study for analytical purposes conducted between November 2017 and April 2018 at the TLEMCEN CHU OTR service. In our study, 70 operated patients had received a postoperative analgesia protocol out of a total of 350 patients, a frequency of 20%, which is quite important compared with other analgesic techniques performed in the OTR. The intensity of the pain was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) during the first 48 hours. The age group between 15 and 35 years old was predominantly (58.5%) with a male predominance, while the predominant female group was between 56 and 80 years old. 55.7% of our population was classified as ASA I and 44.3% of patients had at least one medical history; mainly hypertension and diabetes. Our PARECOXIB analgesic protocol was effective in 64 patients. Postoperative complications remained minimal. Rapid rehabilitation was provided by 32.9 % with a return home at 03 days. this figure of Parecoxib analgesia performed is satisfactory but a broader study is desirable.


In t h i s study I compared a non-cyclic island population of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) with a c y c l i c mainland population to determine how the dynamics of the two populations d i f f e r e d following a population decline. Both populations had declined to similar low levels by the f a l l of 1992. During th i s study the Jacquot Island hare population increased 3.5 f o l d from the spring of 1993 to the spring of 1994 while the c y c l i c mainland hare population remained at low densities. I monitored survival and reproduction to determine the proximate causes for the dif f e r e n t dynamics seen. I determined that juvenile survival, overwinter adult survival and reproduction were higher on Jacquot Island than the mainland from the spring of 1993 to the spring of 1994. These were the key proximate factors that allowed the Jacquot Island hare population to increase while the mainland population remained at low densities. There was no difference i n summer adult survival between the two areas i n 1993. I also investigated the ultimate causes for the dif f e r e n t dynamics seen i n the two areas. Higher reproductive output, and higher overwinter survival did not coincide with better hare condition on Jacquot Island. There were, however, fewer mammalian predators on Jacquot Island than the mainland. Higher early juvenile survival on Jacquot Island coincided with lower numbers of small mammal predators.


The Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS) was established by the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) at the NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) on June 6, 1983. RIACS is privately operated by USRA, a consortium of universities with research programs in the aerospace sciences, under contract with NASA. The primary mission of RIACS is to provide research and expertise in computer science and scientific computing to support the scientific missions of NASA ARC. The research carried out at RIACS must change its emphasis from year to year in response to NASA ARC's changing needs and technological opportunities. Research at RIACS is currently being done in the following areas: (1) parallel computing; (2) advanced methods for scientific computing; (3) high performance networks; and (4) learning systems. RIACS technical reports are usually preprints of manuscripts that have been submitted to research journals or conference proceedings. A list of these reports for the period January 1, 1994 through December 31, 1994 is in the Reports and Abstracts section of this report.


From this push for non‐linear innovation has come a fragmented market of hardware, software, and services branded as, knowledge‐management solutions. Virtual knowledge networks provide a dynamic way of working relevant for the emergence of a post‐industrial economy. E‐learning is seen as a driver of knowledge creation across unstructured virtual communities. The paper considers the role of managed learning environments (MLEs) in the context of information‐intensive organisations operating in virtual markets (software, publishing, education, music, consultancy services plus many more), the relationship with knowledge creation across distributed networks, and finally strategies for building knowledge networks through the creation of e‐learning communities.


More time should be spent designing and planning HVAC systems for telecommunication and computer rooms. The sensitive environments contain the electronic equipment that perform the digital operations critical to doing business in the Information Age


Submitted: 18 April 2020 Accepted: 09 May 2020 Literary adaptation is a process, which reproduces the pre-existent literary piece of work into a series of altering characters, settings, actions, and storylines. Adaptations of canonical texts of great authors such as Shakespeare had won the universal dignity. By using Hutcheon's adaptation theory, this research aimed to scrutinize the impact of the transcultural adaptations of Macbeth as Raees by Government College University Dramatic Club, Lahore. The reception of Shakespeare as the manifestation of the British culture involved many social, cultural, and political factors that were analyzed in this research by using Hutcheon's concept of "indigenization" (2103:150). I had collected data from source texts, scripts, articles, interviews, observations, questionnaires, and group discussions. The Government College University Dramatic Club, Lahore team made the variations in the text to make it appropriate to the native/local culture. These variations were significant in making the transcultural adaptation as a success in the native culture.


The limit to parking provision at new stadia, specified by the revised version of the PPG13 guidance note of the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR), is the UK Government's latest move towards more sustainable transport planning for sporting venues. This article reports on some approaches to addressing the problems posed by the major movement patterns generated by football grounds. It gives illustrative examples of the strategies being used by several specific well-known football stadia. The November 1999 planning application for the new English National Stadium at Wembley is the latest, best publicised example of many developments during recent years for new and expanded football, rugby, and other sports venues. The new Wembley plan for 2900 car-park spaces for the proposed 90,000 stadium seats falls well within the new guidelines. Many other football grounds around the UK have the same need for renewal, improvement, or relocation. A supporters' travel plan for Leicester City's proposed new 40,000-seat stadium was published in November 1999, and is forecast to reduce car use to reach games from 83% to 52%. When Bolton Wanderers built its new 28,000-seat stadium, it made transport infrastructure, public safety, and pitch quality its main priorities.


The purpose of study was to determine the effect of traumatic events of December 16, 2014 on level of trauma of the children of Peshawar and the effect of traumatic experience their academics performance. Total sample consisted of two hundred (N=200) students with age range of 14-16 years (M=14.59, SD=1.128). Data was collected from the students of Army Public School and College System. Warsak road Peshawar and other three Schools on Warsak road included, Peshawar Public School, Peshawar Model School for Girls and Warsak Model School. Random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participant. Demographic information sheet, the Impact of Event ScaleRevised, Self-constructed questionnaire for measuring the Academic Performance of the students before and after traumatic experience of the students. Result showed that the terrorist attack effect the mental health of the students, students reported significant effect on their academic performance.


Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Japan.1,2 Of the 27 million patients who undergo surgery in the United States each year, approximately 8 million have coronary artery disease or risk factors for cardiovascular disease; 1 million have perioperative cardiac complications, which result in approximately $20 billion in annual costs for in-hospital and long-term care.3 Over the next several decades, furthermore, the effects of the aging of the population will exacerbate the problem; more than 37 million patients will undergo surgery each year in the United States, of whom 40 percent . . .


Exploration geophysics, forecasting of geo-hazards and geodynamic studies require the improvement of geophysical methods for subsurface imaging. The better the physical properties of the geomaterials are constrained the higher is the accuracy of the subsurface model. Physical properties of geomaterials are correctly defined not only when elastic parameters are precisely evaluated, but also when the correct rheological model is considered (e.g. frequency dependent moduli). For instance, imaging of crustal domains is more accurate when viscoelasticity is taken into account. This is especially true when the subsurface domains are impregnated with liquids such as water, hydrocarbons or magma. Attenuation and dynamic moduli are the parameters required to define material viscoelasticity. Presently they are little investigated in the range of the seismic frequencies. Viscoelasticity of few lithologies has been measured and only at limited physical conditions. In addition, the role of fluids in enhancing viscoelasticity is still poorly understood, and a unified theory explaining how fluids interplay with seismic waves, generating attenuation, does not still exist. The research presented in this thesis aims to improve our understanding of physical properties of geomaterials. The thesis is divided into three parts with specific goals. The first goal of this research was to design, build and calibrate a new experimental machine capable to measure seismic wave attenuation for frequency ranging from 0.1 to 100 Hz: the "Broad Band Attenuation Vessel" (BBAV). This instrument measures seismic wave attenuation in decimetric-sized samples at confining pressures up to 25 MPa. In addition, the peculiarities of the BBAV had allowed developing a methodology to measure fluid pressure transients as a consequence of a variation of vertical stress in a partially saturated sample.


Objective: To assess the validity of the Tokuhashi and Tomita scoring systems in the prediction of prognosis following spinal surgery for skeletal metastases. Design: A retrospective cohort study of patients treated in a specialist spinal unit Subjects: All patients undergoing definitive surgery for metastastes of the spine were considered eligible. Time to death or current length of survival was available in 147* of these which was confirmed by the Cancer Registry. Medical and nursing case notes were reviewed and prognostic scores using the methods of Tokuhashi et al , and Tomita et al. were calculated for each patient. * death data for further patients currently awaited from Cancer Registry. Outcome measures: Mean survival period with 95% confidence intervals for patients grouped according to prognostic score. Results: Thirty-two patients were still alive and 113 had confirmed death dates. Forty-three patients had Tokuhashi scores of 9 or greater with a mean survival of 20.1 months (95% confidence interval 5.8 months) compared to 9.5 months (2.9 months) for scores 6–8 and 3.5 months (1.8 months) for scores below this. Tomita scoring showed a similar trend with those with better prognostic profiles but without the same degree of statistical significance. The overall 30-day mortality was 8.2% with no significant difference between any other groups. Conclusion: In patients presenting with metastatic disease involving the spine, published prognostic profiles offer some guidance to likely survival of the patient and so the appropriateness of surgical treatment.


Based on orthogonal projection, a non-interior point continuation algorithm for second-order cone programming problems is proposed and analyzed. The main idea of the method is that we reformulate the complementary condition in the optimality conditions as a projection equation. Using this reformulation, we only need to solve a system of linear equations, compute two simple projections and perform one line search at each iteration. The algorithm can start from an arbitrary initial point,and doesn't need that $A$ has full row rank. The method is globally convergent under mild conditions. Preliminary numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.


Some recent developments in the field of nonlinear ship dynamics are presented, beginning with an overview of the current topics of research worldwide. Then, the basic aspects of ship instability and capsize are presented for various angles of wave encounter. The main purpose the paper is to demonstrate the importance of nonlinearity for the onset of ship instability.


In the preface Joan Aesthetic education in the era of globalization, her Remarkable collection of field-defining essays written over a quarter century, Gayatri Spivak recounts how she retrospectively "discovered" an informing motif: the "distracted theory of the double bind." She briefly notes that "distracted theory" is a "poor but accurate translation" of théorie distraite, the term Derrida used in the preface to Psyche: Inventions of the Other to characterize the relation between that collection of occasional essays and his ongoing theoretical project (ix).


Early loss of primary molars may cause a space problem for the arch development. Several techniques have been used to treat this problem. One of the therapies that could be used is space maintainer therapy. This paper will explain the management of premature loss of mandible primary first molar by using a simple fixed space maintainer combined with molar band and resin composite.


Semiconductor memory circuit - a delay locked loop (211) that compensates a distortion or offset of an input clock signal (ECLK) and generates an output clock signal (DCLK), and - an output unit (231), which buffers in the semiconductor memory circuit (201) stored data and outputs the data from the semiconductor memory circuit (201), marked by - an output control unit (241) which deactivates the output unit (231), while the delay locked loop (211) performs a synchronization process with the input clock signal (ECLK).


Based on the virtual prototype technology,a system simulation model of the reversible pneumatic impact mechanism applied in RPH serial reversible pneumatic hammer was established by using the software SimulationX.A series of simulations were carried out.The change process of the impact mechanism in detail was obtained,curve of impact velocity of piston,curve of impact force(e.g.),and the working status of the internal structure of the RPH serial reversible pneumatic hammer were revealed.Then,by simulation analysis,the main structural parameter which influences the mechanism performance most was found.Finally,through a group of simulations,the most appropriate value of the parameter which influences the mechanism performance most was selected,and the design was optimized.


This article synthesizes key points from this special issue of the Journal of Human Sciences and Extension and provides recommendations for and predictions about the evolution of the Extension Program Development Model. A foundational question addressed by each of the authors of this special issue and summarized in this chapter is, "If your recommendations regarding the Extension Program Development Model were followed, what would Extension look like in five years?"


Love herbal (LH) medicine and its ability as chemotherapy drug is shown because of its ultra-large non-enzymatic antioxidant consisted mainly of ~6.54 ng/mL flavonoids with the calculated molecular resistant of, for example: neoflavonoid (RNf) about ~3 RC, in which RC is a resistant of carbon atom. Such promising medicine was fabricated using Halmahera susugolobe (Hornstedtiaalliacea), and then studied systematically about its multitasking behaviors. The obtained unique chemical bonding behavior especially related to a chemotherapy drug such as cisplatin (a commercial drug) is presented based on four main types of unique chemical bonds of N-H (Bending) at 1562 cm-1, C=C at 1697 cm-1, C≡C at 2070 cm-1, and C-H at 3013 cm-1. We found that only 3 bonds were closely in conjunction with LH medicine behavior as a chemotherapy drug. These three are N-H (Bending) at 1562 cm-1, C≡C at 2070 cm-1, and C-H at 3013 cm-1, where N-H (Bending) was fully responsible to handle the presence of toxic interacted to it. While the other two significant bonding of C≡C at 2070 cm-1, and C-H at 3013 cm-1 were in conjunction with the protective alkaline energy for the immune system in human body. Furthermore, LH medicine has healing activity as strong inhibition as Lamivudine (HIV drug invented in 1995) which is good in healing in HIV-AIDS patient and hepatitis virus. Such multiple findings open a breakthrough opportunity in healing cancer in a patient without side effects obtained using common chemotherapy drugs.


1. Significance of the Second Law of Thermodynamics 2. Dissipation of Energy 3. Influence of the Laws of Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics 4. Influence of Solar Radiation on the State of the Terrestrial Environment 5. Influence of the Emission of Deleterious Waste Products and Deforestation 6. Depletion of Non-renewable Natural Resources 7. Conservation of the Natural Environment 7.1. Improvement of the Thermodynamic Imperfection of Processes 7.2. Reduction of the CO2 Emission 7.3. Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources 7.4. Utilization of Waste Products 7.5. Mitigation of the Consumption of Final Products 8. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch


Various XLPE cable online monitoring and detection techniques were reviewed,including main insulation online monitoring(DC component method,DC superposition,low frequency superposition,tangent of dielectric loss angle method and PD online monitoring);metallic shield online monitoring(capacitive and general earthing currents method and integrated metallic shield monitoring);temperature online detection and cable terminal IR and UV detection.The principles of these techniques were described.The advantage disadvantage and applications of different methods were analyzed.The effective and practical online detection methods of power cables were summarized and recommended.


The industrialised capitalist nations are characterised by
a tendency to reduce the time workers spend at their place of paid employment. Since 1870, worktimes in these societies have been reduced by approximately 40 per cent. Why working times should change has been a matter of debate for as long as capitalism has existed. The contemporary literature, however, appears to contain a basic consensus. It is accepted that standard times are determined primarily by worker preferences for income and leisure.


What does "thinking geometrically" mean in a n-dimensional vector space, with n>3?According to several authors, like Fischbein, or Harel, a productive reasoning in mathematics always relies upon an intuitively accepted model. A first possibility of model in dimension n is provided by the use of coordinates; the use of that model can be called "analytic thinking". But other possibilities exist, related with synthetic geometry; in that case the expression "geometric thinking" applies. I will display some of these possibilities here, and show on a particular example how they can intervene in students problem solving processes in linear algebra. Résumé Quel sens peut avoir l'expression "pensée géométrique" dans un espace vectoriel de dimension n>3 ? Selon différents auteurs, comme Fischbein, ou Harel, un raisonnement productif en mathématiques est toujours basé sur un modèle intuitivement acceptable. En dimension n, l'emploi de coordonnées fournit un premier modèle, dont l'emploi peut être qualifié de "pensée analytique". Mais il existe d'autres possibilités, liées à la géométrie synthétique ; dans ce cas on peut parler de "pensée géométrique". Nous allons présenter ici certaines de ces possibilités, et montrer sur un exemple comment elles peuvent être employées par des étudiants dans leur résolution d'un problème d'algèbre linéaire. 1.Introduction When students encounter linear algebra for the first time, they find it very abstract, and disconnected from what they have learned before (Dorier 2000). Geometry is often mentioned by teachers as a way to help the students in their learning of linear algebra, because it seems to provide an opportunity to introduce concepts, that will be then generalised, within a more concrete context. The actual facts are more intricate; there is no natural generalisation process leading from geometry to linear algebra (Gueudet-Chartier 2000). However, when the linear algebra concepts are formed, geometry can intervene in problem solving processes. ha l-0 05 29 60 9, v er si on 1 26 O ct 2 01 0 Author manuscript, published in "CERME 3, Italy (2003)" Thematic Group 7 EUROPEAN RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION III G. Gueudet-Chartier 2 In his analysis of the genesis of linear algebra, Dorier (2000) distinguishes its analytical origin, linked with the solving of linear systems, and its geometrical origin, related with synthetic geometry. Both sides: analytic, and synthetic, are still present within modern linear algebra. It suggests the possibility of existence of a similar distinction in the processes of solving linear algebra problems. The existence of analytical processes is obvious. Is it really possible to develop solving processes linked with synthetic geometry? And do the students use such processes? I provide here answers to these questions. I first justify (section 2.1) the need for a "concrete" model in linear algebra. I explain then (section 2.2) the precise meaning that I confer here to the expression "geometric thinking", and I display possibilities of geometric thinking in linear algebra. In section 3, I study the example of a particular problem, and the solving processes actually developed by the students. 2. Linear algebra and geometric thinking 2.1 The need for a model According to Fischbein (1987) the reasoning activity in mathematics always rely upon conceptions that seem certain to the person producing that reasoning. Even when dealing with very abstract structures, the mathematician (or the student) acts in accordance with a credible reality. For Fischbein, "credible" is synonymous with "behaviourally meaningful". That credible reality will often be provided by the use of a model. Fischbein defines a model as follows : "A system B represents a model of system A if, on the basis of a certain isomorphism, a description or solution produced in terms of A may be reflected consistently in terms of B and vice-versa"(Fischbein, 1987, p.121). A model can be extramathematical, for example when drawings are used. But it can also stem from a mathematical theory, if the concepts involved have the appearance of a credible reality in the eyes of the student, or mathematician, who uses them. Harel's researches about linear algebra lead to results very similar to Fischbein's theory. Harel posits three principles for the learning of linear algebra. The Concreteness Principle is specially relevant here: "For students to abstract a mathematical structure from a given model of that structure, the elements of that model must be conceptual entities in the student's eyes: that is to say, the student has mental procedures that can take these objects as inputs."(Harel, 2000, p.180) That principle is inspired by Piaget's and Greeno's work. Harel shows in particular that geometry can provide a model helping to construct linear algebra concepts, if the ha l-0 05 29 60 9, v er si on 1 26 O ct 2 01 0 Thematic Group 7 EUROPEAN RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION III G. Gueudet-Chartier 3 geometrical concepts are for the students mental entities on which mental operations can be performed. Harel studies mostly the construction of the linear algebra concepts by the students. But models will also intervene in the problem solving processes of students already familiar with linear algebra concepts. Their reasoning must indeed be grounded on a credible reality, as Fischbein states it. The notion of model permits to confer a precise meaning to the expression "geometric thinking" in linear algebra; I present it in the next subsection. 2.2 "Geometric thinking" in dimension n I only study here the case of finite dimensional vector spaces, with an inner product. Because these spaces are isomorphic to IR n , a first possibility of concrete model is provided by the use of coordinates. A problem proposed within IR n can be first formulated and solved in IR and/or IR , and then generalised to dimension n. That analytical process can be completely disconnected from any kind of geometry, for example to prove properties of matrices, or to compute determinants. It can also be associated with a geometric interpretation of the problem in the plane, or in the 3space; but also in that case, I will call it "analytic thinking". Other possibilities exist, directly linked with synthetic geometry. A first step towards linear algebra was made by Leibniz when he tried to develop a geometrical calculus, opposed to analytic geometry. Using analogies between synthetic geometry and functions spaces has been determining in the genesis of linear algebra (see Dorier 2000). How can synthetic geometry intervene in modern linear algebra? I will term here "geometric thinking", in the solving of linear algebra problems, the use of a geometric model, that can thus be associated with drawings, and involves no coordinates. The model is limited to dimension 1, 2 or 3; it can stem from traditional Euclidean geometry, vector geometry, or even from linear algebra. So "geometric thinking" can intervene when solving a problem in dimension n>3, if a model restricted to dimension 2 or 3 can help the solving process. An analysis of university textbooks indicates two main procedures (because that analysis was intended to ground a questionnaire for students at the University of Rennes, I retained for it the books officially recommended to these students during their two first university years: Grifone 1990, Guinin 1993, Liret&Martinet 1997 and 1999). Decreasing the dimension: in many problems, central elements of a solution take place in a 2 or 3-dimensional well chosen space. For example, to prove that the union of two subspaces is not a subspace if one of the subspaces is not included in the other, it is sufficient to consider two vectors, one in each subspace, that do not ha l-0 05 29 60 9, v er si on 1 26 O ct 2 01 0 Thematic Group 7 EUROPEAN RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION III G. Gueudet-Chartier 4 belong to the second subspace. Their sum does not belong to the union, thus it is not a vector space. The important point happens in a plane; it can be associated with a drawing, or a mental picture. Increasing the dimension: some linear algebra problems in dimension n can be proved by induction, or at least require the understanding of the process involved in moving up from n to (n+1). The associated solving process can in such cases be grounded on the understanding of the process leading from dimension 1 to dimension 2, or from 2 to 3. A typical example is provided by the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalisation process. Both cases correspond to "expert processes" (Robert 1998), commonly developed by the mathematicians. But do students actually use such models in their solving processes? We will see in next section, on a particular example, that the answer is positive. 3. Geometric thinking in students' problem solving processes During the second semester of the academic year 2000-2001, I observed a six-weeks long linear algebra course for second year students. It focused mainly on quadratic forms, and vector spaces with an inner product (all the students had learned elementary linear algebra during their first year). After these observations, I met the teacher, and then eight students for individual interviews. I have chosen to encounter four students who were following that course for the first time, and four students who had the same course the preceding year with another teacher. I also retained students with various levels (according to their results to an examination they had two weeks before). The interviews were recorded and transcripted. A short description of the whole students' questionnaire is given in the appendix. It included in particular the following exercise: "Find the length of a diagonal of a cube with edges of length 1 in IR.'' During all the interviews, I have chosen to intervene as little as possible in order to avoid influencing the students solving processes. For that particular exercise, the only hint I proposed was to indicate where


The growth of body weight and the changes of primary flight feather,secondery flight feather and tail feather for rapid and slow feathering Guizhou Brown Fowl with day age in the period from 1st to 55th day age was studied by the way of comparison.The results indicated that the chicks of rapid and slow feathering was both itself developing peculiarity for early growths of the characters, and identification about feathering types of the growth chicks went on the relative lengths of the primary flight feather and secondery flight feather before 7th day age.And after 7th day age,in addition to a part of slow feathering chicks continued on the relative length,major identification method is judging by the difference of tail feathers between the rapid feathering and slow feathering chicks.Applying synthetically information from the both (ie:from relative lengths of the primary flight feather and secondery flight feather and from the differences of tail feathers) ,identifiable stage of age will continue above 1 mouth age.


Using the modified method of hydroxyapatite centrifugation, we studied the effects of misonidazole(Mis) and tetrandrine (Tet) on the production and repair of DNA single strand breaks(ssb) induced by irradiation in cultured murine L7712 cells. DNA ssb increased linealy with the dose (0-40 Gy) of r-ray irradiation. The production of DNA ssb in the presence of O2 was 3.1 times as that under hypoxia( oxygen enhancement ratio=3.1). Mis selectively increased the production of ssb in cells irradiated in hypoxia (enhancement ratio=2.6 for 10 mM Mis), but had no effect on that of those supplied with O2. Tet did not influence the yields of DNA ssb in either case. The DNA ssb caused by irradiation under hypoxia in the presence of 10 mM Mis was rejoined and the extent of rejoining 120 min after incubation was similar to that with O2. But the kinetics was significantly different. Tet inhibited the rejoining of DNA ssb, no matter when the irradiation was applied. There were only 57% ssb that could be rejoined 120 min after incubation. The inhibition of UDS and DNA synthesis by Tet was also seen.


An improved fast‐response bell type micromanometer with Pitot tube has been developed for measuring low air speeds in the range of about 1 m/sec. Displacement of an inverted bell is picked up by an unbonded strain gauge which has a large spring constant compared to its sensitivity. A balance system is used to cancel the weight of the bell and decrease drifts.


The Dragon and the Elephant. Agricultural and Rural Reforms in China and India. Ashok Gulati and Shenggen Fan, Eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2007. 574 pp. $75. ISBN 9780801887864. Paper, $38. ISBN 9780801887871. Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute. Exploring the reasons for the dramatic growth of the rural economies of China and India over the past few decades, the authors consider what lessons can be applied to other developing nations and to the problems of poverty in these two countries.


Thermal-elastic fracture of hollow cylinder with a semi-elliptic surface crack under thermal stress and inner pressure is investigated.The analysis is performed by means of fracture theory and finite element method,and a three-dimensional finite element program is developed to determine the temperature field and displacement field.The numerical simulation results show that the surface crack tends to close gradually with the temperature increases,which accords with the fact.


The main objective of this research is to investigate the role of social media campaigns (the type of social media platform, type of message, and message source sender) in raising public health awareness and behavioral change during (COVID-19) as a global pandemic across national selected countries (Poland and Jordan). The research utilizes a quantitative method with an exploratory and descriptive design to accumulate the initial data from a research survey given to the respondents from Jordan and Poland. A total of 1149 web questionnaires were collected from respondents in the two countries (Poland 531 and Jordan 618). In addition, multiple regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses. The findings showed positive relationships between the components of a social media campaign, public health awareness, and behavioral change during (COVID-19) in the two countries at the same time. However, the preferred type of social media platforms, the message types and type of source sender significantly differ among the respondents due to their countries. This is the first study that examines the role of social media campaigns (the type of social media platform, type of message and message source sender) in public health awareness and behavioral change during (COVID-19) as a global pandemic in across national selected countries (Poland and Jordan).


OBJECTIVE: To observe the antitumor effect of hirudin in mice bearing H22 tumor cell and explore its mechanism.METHODS: The right armpits of 40 mice were injected with H22 hepatoma cells to establish solid tumor model,then the mice were randomized into 4 groups of 10 each: saline control group(Group A),5-Fu group(Group B),high dose hirudin group(Group C),and low dose hirudin group(Group D).After drug exposure for 14 days,the mice were put to death on the following day for sampling and weighing of the tumor,then the tumor inhibition rate was calculated and the expression of Histone H1 was detected using immunohistochemistry technique.RESULTS: The tumor inhibition ratio in Group B and Group C were 52.4% and 37.98%,respectively.There were positive expressions of Histone H1 in Group B,C and D,all showing significant differences as compared with the control group(P0.01).CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effects of hirudin on hepatoma cells is possibly due to its impact on Histone H1 that is essential for the regulation of gene expression.


In the last decades, mechanical engineering applications have extensive use in many subdomains. Many researchers have used Al2O3 40TiO2 (AMDRY6250) type coatings that have a wide use of plasma jets, significantly improving their wear, corrosion resistance and heat shock properties. It is especially used for hydraulic components such as pumps, impellers, and blowers. The performance of Al2O3 40TiO2 layer is conditioned by a number of technological parameters of deposition, powder granulation and deposition incidence angle. In the present study, the authors will make sequential depositions of Al2O3 40TiO2 on the surface of a material coming from a hydraulic system. Microstructural analysis of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) are performed both in the surface of the deposited material and in the section of the coated specimens, identifying the microstructure and the component phases. The authors highlighted the emergence of the "splat" type of formations that are specific to the ceramic coatings in the deposited layers and a good adhesion to the base material authorizing the use of this powder in the reconditioning of the hydraulic systems.


Mount Gambier graphic designer Ben Hood and his partner Kath Miller have been crowned the south east's newest dance stars following Saturday night's Swinging with the Stars event in Mount Gambier.


TSP problem is a typical combinatorial optimization problem, which has been applied in many fields in real life. In the solution of TSP, it is no doubt that it will reduce some unnecessary calculations if the approximate path is determined in advance. Sequential access restrictions combined with the properties of convex hull, gives roughly access order for TSP. Applying access restrictions to the path planning algorithm of TSP, clustering analysis the initial points with access restrictions, combing the clustering results with simulated annealing algorithm, and improving the transform rules of solutions in simulated annealing, an improved simulated annealing algorithm is proposed based on access restrictions was proposed. The proposed algorithm shortens the operation time, improves the convergence efficiency of the simulated annealing algorithm, and obtains a good experimental result.


The intensive use of soils in the Cerrado biome has caused modifications in soil properties, as well as in the performance and quality of organic matter. The Cerrado of Piaui has been exploited without due concern for the preservation of natural resources, where production systems are characterized by intensive land use. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the agricultural use in altering the biological properties and dynamics of organic matter of Yellow Oxisols cultivated with soybean. This research was carried out in the "Serra do Quilombo", located in the Cerrado region of Piaui state. To assess changes in soil properties, induced by agricultural use, soil samples were collected from sites with different use history involving conventional and no tillage systems; PC7/PD8 - seven years of conventional agriculture followed by eight years of no-tillage; PC5/PD4 - five years of conventional system followed by four years of no-tillage; PC3/PD3 - three years of conventional system and three years of no-tillage and CN - native cerrado vegetation. The evaluated soil properties were basal respiration, microbial biomass C, metabolic quotient, microbial quotient, total organic C and total N. Physical fractionation was used to evaluate organic matter dynamics. The results were subjected to variance analysis and showed that the soil management under conventional cultivation and subsequent implantation of no-tillage system affected soil biological properties in relation to the soil under native cerrado vegetation. The replacement of native cerrado by annual no-tillage crops reduces the levels of microbial biomass C and total N and elevates the basal respiration in treatments after three and four years of no tillage, indicating that these periods are insufficient to improve the above properties. The increase in the time of land use with no tillage decreases the level of particulate organic C and maintains the C-associated minerals in relation to the soil under native cerrado vegetation.


The brain is considered the body's most important organ, and the clearance of waste products from the brain is of vital importance. In the past, it was believed that the brain had no efficient disposal system due to its lack of lymphatic vessels. Also, it was thought that the only phenomenon in the brain is diffusion, and substances transportation was purely dependent on it. But not long ago, the ideas about the disposal system and brain phenomena were challenged after the rediscovery of the Glymphatic system. In this research, using the porous fluid-solid interaction approach, the Glymphatic system and the factors affecting its functioning have been investigated. The findings indicate that the increase in wall displacement does not cause significant changes in the volume exchange fraction of the perivascular space. Moreover, the reduction of displacement leads to a corresponding decrease in velocity magnitude in the perivascular spaces, which makes the conditions favorable for waste products to settle. Another finding of this research is that the wall oscillations are more effective in the paths adjacent to thicker ducts compared to the paths adjacent to narrower ducts so that the increase in wall oscillations causes an increase of 4.38 and 1.73 times respectively in the mentioned paths, which indicates that the influence of these oscillations is fading in the paths adjacent to narrower channels. Based on the results, the perivascular pathways have the ability to experience the Péclet number greater than one, which means that diffusion is not the only phenomenon in the brain. But in the porous tissue of the brain, the Péclet number still has smaller values than one.


First signatures of Alfvén vortices in the Kronian magnetosheath are presented. An Alfvén vortex is a non‐linear bi‐dimensional magnetic structure associated with sheared magnetic field and velocity perturbations, propagating obliquely to the external magnetic field direction. Such structures have been recently discovered by Cluster in Earth's magnetosheath downstream of a quasi‐perpendicular bow‐shock at scales close to 10c/ωpi (where c is the speed of light and ωpi the ion plasma frequency). The presence of Alfvén vortices downstream of a quasi‐perpendicular bow‐shock of Saturn with comparable scales to the ones at Earth indicates the universality of this phenomenon. It suggests that such non‐linear structures are an inherent property of plasma flow downstream of collisionless shock waves, which can have broad astrophysical applications.


Needle coke wastewater is rich in phenol and poses a great challenge to industrial implementation of phenol extraction because of the low extraction capacity of current industrial extractants. In t...


Agreement between the Government of the State of Israel and the Government of the Republic of Moldova on cooperation in the fields of standardization, metrology and conformity assessment. Jerusalem, 22 November 2004


Among the sensors available for active control of noise, strain sensors are of great interest as they can eliminate the need for far-field acoustic sensors, such as microphones. Fiber-optic strain sensors are especially of interest because they are easily embeddable into composite materials. This paper aims at a validation of the use of Fabry-Perot fiber-optic strain sensors in active structural control strategies. Two control approaches based on the direct use of discrete strain sensing are herein employed for the minimization of the acoustic radiation from a vibrating beam. The first approach involves the direct minimization of the strain levels at discrete points on the beam. The second cost function is defined as the radiated acoustic power; it involves the beam's displacement reconstruction from the strain field and is expressed in the wavenumber domain. Proper concentration of the control effort is expected with the cost function defined in the wavenumber domain but experimental constraints do not allow to demonstrate this clearly. The use of fiber-optic sensors is first validated for both control approaches with respect to an optimal solution and the impact of both approaches on radiated acoustic power is presented. It is shown that optimal and controller solutions agree well on a wide frequency band with the exception of some discrepancies arising from real-time approximations and fiber-optic reading unit limitations. The control mechanism of both approaches is then highlighted through experimental results combining acoustic and vibration measurements. Finally, the control performance obtained using the fiber-optic sensors is compared with the control performance obtained using PVDF strain sensors and it is shown that fiber-optic sensors offer a comparable performance.


To the Editor: We were pleased to read the interesting case presented by Ring et al., and like our case, it indicates the importance of considering a diagnosis of Alexander disease in patients with particularly unusual mass lesions on MRI. While our case discussed focal posterior fossa lesions in juvenile Alexander disease, this case highlights the fact that even classic, infantile Alexander disease can give the impression of tumor-like lesions.

Despite the diagnostic issues raised by these two interesting cases, we believe that confirmatory genetic tests for Alexander disease should be undertaken judiciously; it is impractical to sequence the GFAP gene in every case where Rosenthal fibers are present in biopsied tissue. Rosenthal fibers are found in diverse reactive and neoplastic processes in the CNS, not just pilocytic astrocytoma and Alexander disease. Given sufficient tissue the pathologist would normally not misinterpret how Rosenthal fibers fit into a pathological process, including Alexander disease; its pathology is distinctive enough to be recognized in all but small biopsies. However, when tissue is limited and the presence of Rosenthal fibers is not be easy to reconcile with the other histopathological abnormalities or the clinical and radiological features, we would certainly recommend supplementary genetic testing for Alexander disease.

This case presented by Ring et al. again highlights the importance for neuro-oncologists to keep Alexander disease in their differential diagnosis for CNS malignancy in children, especially when the MRI findings show bilateral, symmetric lesions within the frontal white matter, deep structures of the brain or the brainstem.


Electronic commerce or e-commerce area of social computing is a hot topic in marketing management. This research paper will investigate the factors (need for competence, autonomy and relatedness, social interaction with contacts and brand knowledge) that influence customers to participate in brand-related user generated content (UGC) on social networking websites to enhance e-commerce activities. Based on the self-determination theory and service-dominant logic, this proposed conceptual model was tested via structural equation modelling using a panel data collected from 265 Australian respondents who are users of focal brands and create UGC related to them. Our findings suggested that customers with need for autonomy, high brand knowledge and close and frequent interactions with people in their online social networks have higher participation in brand-related UGC for e-commerce activities. Interestingly, when the consumers' levels of brand knowledge increase, customers are able to better address their needs for competence and autonomy (marginally) to participate in brand-related UGC. Ecommerce managers need to acknowledge customers' intrinsic motivation and provide competent online platforms and social media campaigns to allow consumers to fulfil their needs and facilitate value co-creation activities in e-commerce.


In July 2001, disappointing student results (no As and very few Bs) as well as the realisation that many learners had been solely reliant on the teaching material and textbook for their information prompted the five Strategic Business Analysis (IBO2002) module tutors to alter their delivery format so as to facilitate a more active, independent but also collaborative approach to learning, making extensive use of the campus-wide Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), Learnwise. In March-April 2002, we conducted a study of the correlation between (1) IBO2002 students' learning approaches, (2) their level of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) confidence and (3) their attitudes to (a) 'VLe-novation' and (b) the recently revised module, with a view to making student-informed decisions for 2002-2003. Our findings suggest that, as a correlation emerged between student level of ICT confidence and student attitude to the VLE but as none emerged between deep learning and attitudes to the VLE, careful consideration should be given to all the factors contributing to " VLe-ffectiveness " .


The internationalization of technological capabilities in the multinational corporation has produced a growing number of conceptual frameworks that emphasize the ability to leverage innovation activities in the international innovation network. In particular, it has been stressed that increasingly complex and diverse structures generally provide opportunities to integrate and recombine knowledge across geographically dispersed units. The present study suggests that conceptual work has paid insufficient attention to the relationship between process and structure in the evolving international innovation network. An in-depth, longitudinal study of ASEA-Brown Boveri-ABB underlines the importance of considering historical growth processes and firm-specific events in evaluating the multinational's ability to integrate and recombine knowledge on a global basis. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.


The recent Trenton gravel discussion impresses upon us, two important points: (a) The proved fact that in the fashioning of his larger stone blades, the modern North American Indian continually scattered his quarry sites, with forms like the Trenton forms.' (b) The assertion that the Trenton specimens (see collection at Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass., Figs. 4 and 5,) may not have been found in place, but in talus, or where they had slippedd down," and that if in place, they did not prove a paleolithic culture, since if, as is possible, they were "rejects or wasters " dropped at quickly abandoned "workshops " on the uninhabitable river shore, the camp-site of the man who made them, with his " finished implements" and culture-telling traces, would probably have existed elsewhere higher up the bank. In the demand for, renewal of evidence which has grown out of the argument, we not only ask whether the Trenton objects are really found in place, whether they are "finished implements," and whether the old river shores are analogous to modern quarries where the gravel man would leave no more definite trace of himself than a "waster;" but, turning to Europe, whence the discussion has drawn its first inspiration, we wonder what effect the study of American Indian


This paper argues that there are a number of multi-faceted social processes in progress today which particularly affect and change the foundations and rules ofhuman sociallife developed since the Second World War, and which in this transition scenario must also redefine, reshape and reinstall social work: the radicalisation ofmodernity is increasing, the perception of aglobaI ecological catastrophe has become consensual, and above all the end of the 'East-West' constellation as a paradoxial global stabilisation conflictscenario has upset political routines. In this way society has become politicised, which means that the forms of arrangement, formation, regulation, maintenance and change of sociallife itself has (again) become the object, theme and aim of action. Consequently, in principle new possibilities arise in every context and for every social actor. Against this background, social work must therefore understand itself as located in principle in a protopolitical basis constelllation ofemployers, clients and social workers.Although the traditional position ofsocial workers in this triad becomes problematic, at the same time it generates opportunities for their emancipation in relation to the interests ofothers and external claims.


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The impacts of land use and topographic position can be evaluated through the carbon management index (CMI) that conceptualizes the carbon lability and soil aggregation. Soil aggregation patterns, carbon pools, and carbon management of the soil system not only affect the distribution of the mineral fraction of the soil but also the organic components. This study was conducted with the objectives of investigating soil carbon pools, soil aggregation, and CMI under seven land use types (dense forest, mixed forest, scrub forest, horticulture, agri‐horticulture, irrigated, and rainfed cropping systems) under three topographic positions (summit, slope, and gully) in the mountain agro‐ecosystem, of the Indian Himalayas. A total of 405 composite soil samples [7 land use types and 3 topographic positions and 21, 18, 33, 9, 12, 24, and 18 replications for the dense forest, mixed forest, scrub forest, horticulture, agri‐horticulture, irrigated, and rainfed cropping systems, respectively] were collected for laboratory analyses. It was observed that the dense forest land use type has the highest Walkley–Black carbon (WBC), soil aggregation, total carbon (TC), and CMI values, while significantly (p < .05) lowest amount was observed with rainfed land use system. Land use type had minimum effect on nonlabile carbon (NLC), lability of carbon (LC), lability index (LI), and carbon pool index (CPI) of the agro‐ecosystem. We conclude that the CMI value was in the range of ~31 to 88%, 24 to 82%, and 23 to 74% for summit, slope, and gully topographic positions of land use types, respectively. An average CMI was significantly (p < .05) the highest in the dense forest (~48%) followed by scrub forest and mixed forest (~43 and 40%, respectively). Meanwhile, irrigated land use had significant (p < .05) lowest CMI (~25%). Overall, results indicated that land use types and topographic positions significantly influenced with lability of the carbon. These results suggest that restoration of degraded rainfed and irrigated agriculture lands to agri‐horticulture, dense, mixed, and scrub forest lands decrease in intensity of land use could increase carbon and soil aggregation sustainability in the study area as well as other similar mountainous agro‐ecosystems.


The author stresses object relations in the development of childhood sexuality, in contrast to isolated auto-erotic activities. Auto-erotism is considered as related to primary narcissism. Through the unfolding of psycho-sexuality the author emphasizes the role of the adult as the active medium of fixations and regressions, in the process of libido development during childhood.


As we become more and more algorithmic subjects, algorithms shape the news we access, our political and social views, how and what we buy, as well as the emotional tenor of our lives. Tracking how algorithms work on and with our senses and activate our bodies in different ways requires experimental approaches. To explore affect, algorithms, and method, we work/think/play via two reassemblages of algorithmic tools borrowed from the corporate and art worlds: Moodlens and the Listening Machine. Our algorithmic play with educational reformers' images and tweets suggests a strategy for fattening our methods and theories to respond to ever-increasing data flows and thinking additively, fractally, and exponentially.


The influence of photosynthetic electron flow in chloroplasts on the expression and enzyme activity of the cytosolic nitrate reductase (NR) was studied. Using light sources that predominantly excite either photosystem I (PSI) or photosystem II (PSII), we modulated photosynthetic electron transport in tobacco,Arabidopsis, and Lemna sprouts. In all instances, oxidation of components of photosynthetic electron flow by PSI light correlated with an increase in NR activity and/or transcription. This is confirmed by experiments with electron transport inhibitors 3-(3′,4′-dichlorophenyl)-1,1′-dimethyl urea and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone. In addition, a Lemna mutant deficient in the cytochromeb6/f complex failed to respond to the different light sources and exhibited a constitutively high level of NR activity. These data indicate that NR is activated by the oxidized state of an electron transport component located after the plastoquinone pool. An involvement of the cytoplasmic photoreceptor phytochrome A in this light regulation could be excluded, since anArabidopsis phytochrome A mutant exhibited a wild-type like response. The observation that NR activity in the cytoplasm and the expression of its gene in the nucleus is controlled by signals from photosynthetic electron flow adds a new facet to the intracellular cross-talk between chloroplasts and the nucleus.


In this study, a bandwidth allocation-based distributed event-triggering load frequency control (LFC) has been developed for smart grids to deal with hybrid cyber-attacks, for example, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and false data injection (FDI) attacks. Firstly, to prevent hybrid cyber-attacks from causing open-loop unstable operation of the LFC systems, we propose a distributed event-triggering communication (ETC) strategy. To attain the maximum usage of bandwidth, a dynamic bandwidth allocation mechanism is integrated with the ETC approach on the basis of resource availability and error between the current state and equilibrium state. This bandwidth reservation and allocation approach aim at detecting attacks and assigning bandwidth to the different channels of distribution networks. Then, by virtue of the Lyapunov approach, the exponential stability criteria are established. Further, the exclusion of Zeno behavior of the designed systems is proved during the control process. Finally, comprehensive case studies show that the proposed method can improve the utilization rate of the network resource.


The cultivated almond displays a gametophytic self-incompatibility system, which avoids self-fertilization, and it is controlled by a multi-allelic locus (S-locus) containing two genes specifically expressed in pistil (S-RNase) and pollen (SFB). Studies on almonds with the same S-haplotype but different phenotype pointed to the existence of unknown components in this system to explain its functioning. The increase of knowledge on this reproductive barrier would allow better management of fruit production and germplasm selection. This work proposes candidates to components of the almond gametophytic self-incompatibility system, by identifying differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) after compatible and incompatible pollen–pistil interactions in almonds with the same S-haplotype but a different incompatibility phenotype using iTRAQ and 2D-nano-LC ESI/MSMS analyses. The protein quantitation analysis revealed 895 DEPs, which were grouped into different functional categories. The largest functional group was "metabolic proteins", followed by "stress resistance and defense proteins", with higher up-regulation after pollination. The identity of certain DEPs, such as Thaumatin, LRR receptors, such as kinase and pathogenesis related protein PR-4, indicated that some pollen–pistil interactions in almond could have the same bases as host–parasite interactions. Furthermore, additional RT-qPCR analysis revealed the differentially expressed transcription regulator GLABROUS1 enhancer-binding protein-like (GEBPL) could be involved in the gametophytic self-incompatibility system in almond.


Flux density measurements at 5000 MHz are presented for 325 of the small-diameter sources detected in the Molonglo 408 MHz galactic survey. By investigating the spectra we show that probably between 10 % and 15 % of the sources are galactic and the remainder extragalactic.


Collaborative consumption became popular and even gained enough market share in some business sectors such as accommodation (Zervas, Proserpio & Byers, 2015) and car sharing (Bardhi & Eckhardt, 2012) to threaten traditional market players. Despite that there is currently a gap between traditional and collaborative consumption marketing theory, with the latter being underdeveloped in terms of general application and common practice (Ertz, Durif & Arcand, 2016b). One of the distinguishing factors in collaborative consumption is that its community members can be both providers and obtainers at the same time (Ertz, Durif & Arcand, 2016a). Thus, it is debatable if general marketing theory is optimal for collaborative consumption marketing purposes since several factors in collaborative consumption challenge the common understanding of marketing (Ertz, Durif & Arcand, 2016b). These factors include; that the goods or services exchanged in a collaborative consumption system are not new, the exchange itself involves unique agents (Gundlach, 2007) and that there is no standardised regulation for the process (Cheng, 2016).


UML (Unified Modeling Language) is an important application of object-oriented technology, and is also a useful analyzing and designing tool in software engineering. The application of modeling technique is introduced based on UML in system development process over the practice of a software on criminal investigation MIS (CIMIS), and corresponding knowledge and technique about UML are elaborated.


Inline wet chemical phosphorus coating and thermal diffusion in a conveyor furnace is a high-throughput alternative to the conventional batch POCl3 process. There is now significant interest in the adoption of inline diffusion on an industrial scale in order to achieve a continuous flow, low-cost process which interfaces well with other inline processing steps. A concern about inline diffusion in conveyor furnaces has been the potential for conveyor belts to contribute to wafer contamination. The objective of this study is to use Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) to (i) determine if commonly used nickel alloy conveyor belts are a potential source of wafer metal contamination during the diffusion firing and (ii) to investigate the effectiveness of phosphorus coating and the resulting post-diffusion phosphosilicate glass (PSG) to act as a contaminant isolating barrier, or trapping layer. We report SIMS depth and concentration profiles of Ni, Cr, and Fe, which indicate that the phosphosilicate glass produced during the diffusion process acts as an effective trap of metal contaminants.


The safety of our food and water may arguably hold the greatest socioeconomic impact compared to other threats to national and international security, while at the same time being the most vulnerable. While the complex strategy to manage food and water safety is being debated anddefined, it is universally agreed that one critical ingredient is information. Real-time, comprehensive data on the state of our food and water supply will allow shortened times for assessment of damage, comprehension of causal relationships and traceability, determination of actions for remediation, and notification of the affected populations. In order to obtain the information needed to achieve these objectives, an extensive monitoring system integrated throughout the food chain would be ideal. Yet, how close we are to achieving such a system is unclear. In recent years, the numbers of papers related to food and water sensors (FWSs) have exploded, covering a vast amalgamation of multidisciplinary technologies. However, shared trends among current FWS development appear to be the capitalization of nanotechnology and emerging nanomaterials. By considering key issues such as the delivery of complex food samples to the sensor with minimal preparation, operation in adverse field conditions, overcoming nonspecific responses, understanding recognition transducer communication, and understanding the ramifications of incorporating nanotechnology (Figure 1), we aim to focus on the critical issues common to all types of FWS. Therefore, no effort is made in reviewing the vast numbers of current sensor technologies per se. The Role of Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a common thread in a majority of the newdevelopments inFWS. Predominantnanomaterials used in biosensors are nanoparticles (gold, silicon, magnetic composite, polymer), nanowires (gold, polymer, composite), nanoporous surfaces, 7 carbon allotropes (notably nanotubes), and quantum dots. Naturally small or downscaled systems with various geometries offer several unique advantages in FWS: (1) high surface-to-volume ratios,which allowgreater effective functionalized sensing surface area in a compact form; 11 (2) high sensitivity due to their small size; 14 (3) unique optical and electrical properties; (4) fast response due to high elastic (spring) constants; and (5) highly localized detection of entities of comparable size. However, each of these advantages is intertwined with a set of challenges. For example, high sensitivity due to a small transducer surface produces challenges such as significantly reduced probability of interacting with the analyte. * Address correspondence to email@example.com.


We observe experimentally half-charge vortex light beams in a self-focusing medium. They break up into parts due to azimuthal instability, confirmed by our analysis. We find a way to stabilize them to form vector solitons.


The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a reevaluation of global health capabilities, highlighting the importance of prioritizing the welfare of frontline healthcare workers. These individuals encountered difficult circumstances on a global scale, including longer work hours, heightened risk of virus exposure, and substantial strain on their mental and physical well-being. Healthcare professionals in China faced similar challenges. This article discusses systemic issues that have been exacerbated by the pandemic and argues for a sustained emphasis on the well-being of healthcare workers, rather than solely addressing it as a crisis response. Given the increasing likelihood of future global pandemics, it is crucial to emphasize the establishment of a durable support system that can enhance resilience and crisis management capabilities. This study examines the systemic challenges of the Chinese healthcare system, with a particular focus on the difficulties encountered during the pandemic. We advocate for a paradigm shift that acknowledges healthcare workers as essential stakeholders within healthcare systems. The objective is to encourage a worldwide conversation for implementing initiatives that transcend national boundaries, with the goal of consistently incorporating a culture of compassion and assistance into healthcare systems. We propose the implementation of a comprehensive support system that encompasses all facets of healthcare, going beyond the mere management of crises. Our vision is for health systems to prioritize the well-being of healthcare workers and the communities they serve, with a focus on resilience.


Six cultivars, namely, LD 327, LH 1556, Ganga Kaveri-151, Ankur 651, Dbaval-2 and LHH 144 were e,'aluated for testing efficacy of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii. T. chilonis was released 13 times during July to September at weekly interval @ 1,50,000 per ha. Four sprays of compatible insecticides were given during this period. The lowest bollworm incidence among intact fruiting bodies was recorded in LD327 (1.40%) which was on par with Ankur 651 (2.06%) and LHH144 (2.10%) but significantly lower than other cultivars. There was no significant difference in mean bollworm incidence among green bolls, parasitization, and seed cotton yield in various cultivars.


A new technology of oil containing liquid radioactive waste conditioning has been developed at SIA 'Radon'. A porous concrete matrix is placed into special containers and impregnated with oil containing liquid radioactive waste. The waste is effectively fixed in the porous cement matrix. The final product has all the regulated properties. The content of oils in the cement compound can be up to 40 %wt. The technology excludes negative influence of oils on hydration of cement which usually occurs at co-cementation of oils with salt liquid radioactive waste. (authors)


The development of low-carbon alkali-activated binders based on production waste is one of the most sought-after areas of development of building materials science. The article examines the results of studies of the structures of cupola dust and the assessment of its ability to hydrate when exposed to alkaline activation. Technological preparation of dust by sifting it through a 0.16 mm sieve and subsequent mechanical activation for 120 s to a specific surface area of 733 m2/kg is proposed. The best results were shown by the composition of cupola dust with an alkaline activator of 50 wt.% 8.3 M NaOH and 50 wt.% Na2SiO3. After 28 days of natural hardening for this composition, the bending strength was 12.7 MPa and the compressive strength was 68.3 MPa. The analysis of the influence of hardening conditions showed that the temperature–humidity treatment of concrete at a temperature of 90 °C for 12 h accelerates the process of curing to 80–90% of natural conditions. The porosity of the samples after heating was established, which is 24–25%. The mineralogical composition of the products of the cement matrix structure's formation, which is represented by minerals of the zeolite group, was specified.


YSZ/NiO composite powders were successfully synthesized by chemical liquid phase co-precipitation process. YSZ/NiO composite ceramic bodies were prepared by gel casting. Three different types and amounts of pore-formers were added into the YSZ/NiO suspension. The results show that the YSZ/NiO composite with the best properties and optimal porosity of 42.18% was obtained when the 7wt.% corn meal was used as pore-former.


Ultrasound backscatter microscope (UBM) imaging systems operating above 20 MHz are capable of achieving the axial and lateral resolutions needed for applications in ophthalmology and dermatology. Unfortunately these systems rely upon mechanically scanned single element transducers and suffer from a fixed focus, low frame rate and cumbersome scanning hardware. High frequency arrays are therefore desirable for several reasons, including the ability to dynamically focus the sound beam, increase frame rates and clinical convenience. This study investigates the design tradeoffs involved in the development of a high frequency (35 MHz) 64-element linear array. This array was designed primarily for human eye and skin imaging, and features monolithic elements mechanically diced out of a fine grain high density PZT-5H ceramic. Array elements were spaced with a 50 /spl mu/m pitch, interconnected via a flexible circuit and matched to the 50 /spl Omega/ system electronics via a 85 /spl Omega/ transmission line coaxial cable. Several prototype arrays were constructed with promising results. An average center frequency of 34 MHz with a -6 dB bandwidth of at least 45% per element was achieved. The maximum combined electrical and acoustical crosstalk for nearest and next nearest elements was less than -29 dB, and the average 40 dB pulse length was 105 ns.


The film《The Banquet》and zweig,stefan's nonvle《Letter An Unknown Womam》are talking about the common ground of two women's love story.They have female spiritual and meaning.


The invention discloses a furnace temperature displaying coating, which is characterized in that each furnace temperature displaying coating is prepared by mixing and grinding the following components by weight: 2.0 milligrams of phthalocyanine green, 10.0 milligrams of cadmium red, 5.0 milligrams of grass green, 10.0 milligrams of neutral aluminum carbonate, 19.2 milligrams of HW-28 resin and proper amount of solvent. The furnace temperature displaying coating is coated to temperature monitoring points to be detected in a furnace to display a plurality of colors with temperature change, namely blackish green red at the temperature of 400 DEG C, erythrine at the temperature of 450 DEG C, dark reddish purple at the temperature of 500 DEG C, celandine green at the temperature of 550 DEG C and lime green at the temperature of 600 DEG C. The change of temperature in the furnace is reflected by coating the furnace temperature displaying coating to the temperature monitoring points to be detected in the furnace to remind users of the changing condition of the temperature in the furnace, so that corresponding adjustment is performed aiming at the condition, and the condition of damaging equipment due to furnace temperature is reduced.


3D finite element model of rail foundation of Rheda 2000 ballastless track on bridge is established through finite element analysis to conduct dynamic modal analysis.The first ten natural frequency and main vibration mode of rail foundation are obtained.The influence of elastic modulus on natural frequency of different bridges is also analyzed.It is indicated that larger elastic modulus causes higher natural frequency.


This paper introduced a method to determine the optimum dose of cement to substitute for a part of mineral dust in SMA mixture. Six samples,which have different cement contents,have been made Marshall test and immersion Marshall test and Rutting test. According to conic section and liner regression analysis,we attained the relationship between the Marshall stability,the residual Marshal stability,dynamic stability and the cement content,and then confirm the certain optimum cement content.


ABSTRACT Rooted in Pestoff's third-sector organisation and undergirded by extensive empirical research, this paper considers how different public, private and civic actors interact and cogovern urban development projects. Public actors do not necessarily forego on value generation and capture despite public, private and civic partnerships frequently being analysed in terms of a rise in private values at the expense of public values. In fact, the article finds that differences in goals and priorities among public, private and civic actors may lead to differences in ownership and organisational roles without infringing on the public actors' ability to generate and capture value.


The linearity-elasticity method, the moment-adjusting method and the plasticity limit analyzing method for calculating the bending moment of two-way slabs are studied and summed up in this paper, on the basis of which a new quick and precise quadratic regression method for the calculation of parameters for the linearity-elasticity method is put forward. The economic effects of all the three calculation methods are compared through a practical example. Some tips on the calculation and design of slabs are also presented in the paper.


Functionally graded mullite coatings have been deposited on flat SiC substrates and on SiC fibers by chemical vapor deposition. The composition of the coating was varied from near-stoichiometric mullite (3Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 )at the coating/substrate interface to approximately i-Al 2 O 3 , a derivative of the mullite structure in which all Si had been replaced by Al, at the coating surface. These mullite coatings were adherent on thermal cycling and exhibited excellent high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion resistance. Mullite has a close CTE match with SiC, accounting for superior coating adhesion, while the coating surface in contact with aggressive environments was virtually Si-free, accounting for improved hot-corrosion resistance.


Thermal tomography is a computational method for heat diffusion-based imaging of solids, which provides 3D visualization of data from flash thermography measurements. We investigate thermal tomography imaging and nondestructive evaluation of stainless steel and nickel super alloy metallic structures produced with the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM) process. Metallic structures produced with LPBF contain defects, and there are limited capabilities to evaluate these structures non-destructively. Thermal tomography reconstruction of 3D apparent spatial effusivity provides information about AM structure geometry and internal material flaws. We study performance of thermal tomography in imaging of metallic structures through COMSOL computer simulations of transient heat transfer and through reconstruction of data obtained from experimental measurements. Thermal tomography reconstructions of structure shape and dimensions are shown for the Inconel 718 AM structure which has variations in the horizontal plane but is uniform along the depth dimension. Reconstruction of internal defects is investigated using a stainless steel 316L specimen with flat bottom hole (FBH) indentations, and the Inconel 718 plate is produced with the LPBF method, which contains imprinted hemispherical shape low density regions containing non-sintered metallic powder. The FBHs have the same sizes as the imprinted defects in the LPBF specimens but offer better imaging contrast. Thermal tomography reconstructions provide visualizations of internal defects and allow for estimation of their sizes and locations. Results of this study demonstrate that thermal tomography can be used for visualization and quality control in AM.


Hydraulic conductivity modelling has been carried out using various conventional laboratory 1g tests and centrifuge tests for different compaction states of a silty soil. It has been shown that hyd...


Consider the 13-beam channel array shown in Figure 1. It is asserted that, under mathematically ideal assumptions, a pure quadrupole field is centered in each of the 13 beam channel boxes. An identical quadrupole field (for {bar H}, not {bar B}) is also centered in each of the 4 boxes containing 4 magnetic wedges located near the center of the system. An iron yoke ({mu} = {infinity}) with the displayed zig-zag shape provides a boundary condition (H{sub {parallel}} = 0) that makes the 13 channels equivalent to a portion of an infinite array. A similar array can be readily drawn for any number of beams. The quadrupole gradient in the beam channels is B{prime} = M{sub o}/2b, where M{sub o} is the remnant field of the magnetic wedges, and the channel diameter (wedge-to-wedge) is 2b. Note that a unit cell of the array, containing one beam, has diameter 2{radical}2 b (viewed from 45{degree} tilt) so its area is 8 b{sup 2}. A significant advantage of this design over those using dipolar blocks is the large fraction of cross section devoted to beam channels (50% vs 25%). Application to a heavy ion fusion driver is discussed.


We have examined the axial displacement, Dh, and maxi- varying the thickness of the metal end cap and/or the diameter mum axial pressure, Pmax, of flextensional transducers such of the piezoelectric disk, axial displacements as high as 8% of as the moonies and the rainbows with both scaling and the thickness of the metal end cap have been achieved at the mechanical analyses. For a constant electric field E across center of the metal end cap. 3 The rainbow is an oxide piezoelecthe transducer, Dh/t ~ E/t 2 where t is the thickness of the tric disk such as lead-lanthanum-zirconate-titanate (PLZT) with rainbow or the thickness of the metal end cap of the moonie one of the two faces of the disk reduced. The cross-section view and Dh/t, the relative axial displacement. Thus, for a con- of a rainbow is schematically shown in Fig. 1(b). 2 An axial disstant voltage V across the transducer, Dh/t ~ V/t 3 .A s for placement is generated when an electric field is applied across the maximum pressure, Pmax ~ t 2 for the rainbows and the thickness of the rainbow. By varying the thickness and/or Pmax ~ wt for the moonies where t is the thickness of the the diameter of the disk, axial displacements as high as 600% rainbow or the thickness of the metal end cap of the moonie have been achieved. 2 The axial displacements of both the moonand w the thickness of the piezoelectric disk of the moonie. ies and the rainbows are orders of magnitude larger than those These predictions agree well with the experimental results of the traditional direct extensional devices. In addition, they found in the rainbows and the moonies. Our analysis exhibit strong size dependence. showed that although the rainbows and the moonies differ In view of the large axial displacements displayed by the in design and processing, the underlying physics for the two new actuators, it is of fundamental as well as practical enhancement in the axial displacement are essentially the importance to understand the underlying mechanism for the same: The nonuniform distribution of d31 through the thick- enhancement. The objective of this paper is to analyze and ness of the transducer causes the transducer to arch or compare the axial displacement and maximum axial pressure of flatten with an applied electrical field, which leads to the both the rainbows and the moonies. Our approach is to use enhancement in the axial displacement. The only difference scaling as well as mechanical analyses. Although finite-element is that, for the transducer to arch, the applied field is in the analyses have been performed for the moonies for their hydroopposite direction to the polarization in the rainbows but in phone application, 4 so far there has been no theory that analyzes the same direction as the polarization in the moonies. and compares the two devices as actuators. Our analyses show that although the moonies and the rainbows differ in design and processing, the underlying physics for the enhancement in the


The benefits and limitations of using embedded piezoelectric active sensors for structural identification at ultrasonic frequency are highlighted. An analytical model based on structural vibration theory and theory of piezoelectricity was developed and used to predict the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance response, as it would be measured at the piezoelectric active sensor's terminals. The model considers one-dimension structures and accounts for both axial and flexural vibrations. Experiments were conducted on simple specimens in support of the theoretical investigation, and on realistic turbine blade specimen to illustrate the method's potential. It was shown that E/M impedance spectrum recorded by the piezoelectric active sensor accurately represents the mechanical response of a structure. It was further proved that the response of the structure is not modified by the presence of the sensor, thus validating the latter's noninvasive characteristics. It is shown that such sensors, of negligible mass, can be permanently applied to the structure creating a nonintrusive sensor array adequate for on-line automatic structural identification and health monitoring. The sensor calibration procedure is outlined. Numerical estimation of the noninvasive properties of the proposed active sensors in comparison with conventional sensors is presented. Self-diagnostics capabilities of the proposed sensors were also investigated and methods for automatic self-test implementation are discussed. The paper underlines that the use of piezoelectric wafer active sensors is not only advantageous, but, in certain situations, may be the sole investigative option, as in the case of precision machinery, small but critical turbine-engine parts, and computer industry components.


Insects such as mosquitos, ticks, cockroaches and bedbugs are commonly thought of as pests for travellers and recreationists as well as for those who manage tourism or recreation destinations. Whil...


The compatibility among nonpolar thermoplastics like polypropylene (PP) and carbon fibers (CF) having traditional sizing or coating is challenging. In this study, facile and effective surface functionalization of CF and its subsequent coating with functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were carried out to obtain improved interfacial shear strength (IFSS) which was validated by the single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT). Functional groups, -COOH, -OH, and -NH2, were separately grafted on the CF surface using different chemical routes. Additionally, ultrasonic assisted electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was used to coat -COOH, -OH, and -NH2 functionalized CNTs on the sized and surface functionalized CFs. Attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images confirmed the successful surface functionalization and coating on CF. Neat PP and a blend of PP and maleic anhydride-grafted-styrene ethylene butylene styrene (MA-g-SEBS) were used as two different base polymer matrixes in preparing a total of 26 different SFFT samples. Silane functionalized CF coated with amine functionalized CNTs using ultrasonic assisted EPD process showed IFSS of ∼29 MPa which was an impressive ∼758% higher than pristine CF and highest among all the surface modified CFs. Interestingly, this translated into useful increase of ∼13% in single fiber tensile strength of functionalized and treated CF over and above that of as received CF.


Successfully implement SOA governance using Oracle SOA Governance Suite 11g with the help of practical examples and real-world use cases Overview Understand SOA governance including its key concepts, goals, and objectives, and how to implement these using the Oracle SOA Governance Suite Execute an SOA maturity assessment in order to capture the SOA governance challenges specific to your organization Implement Oracle Enterprise Repository (OER) and Oracle Service Registry (OSR) to address your organizations SOA governance design-time and runtime requirements In Detail Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural style created to address the challenges posed by todays highly distributed, fast-paced computing. This goal is achieved by constructing business-focused software systems from loosely coupled, interoperable building blocks called Services. Organizations often fail to successfully implement SOA due to a lack of effective governance. Oracle SOA Governance is a comprehensive, service-orientated architecture governance solution that is designed to make the transition to SOA easier. "Oracle SOA Governance 11g Implementation" illustrates how to successfully implement SOA governance in your organization. To achieve this, we describe how goals and objectives need to be clearly laid out and used to align governance processes with governance tools, governance tools with people, and people with the different roles and responsibilities that are required to implement effective governance. "Oracle SOA Governance 11g Implementation" begins with a short but concise overview of SOA governance. We then go to explore real world examples, based on previous experiences and working solutions, in order to learn the concepts of Oracle SOA Governance Suite. We will also learn how to implement an OER-centric SDLC process to address your organizations design-time governance requirements. Next, we will explore OSR, and discover how to use it to expose service implementations to consumers based on UDDI concepts. We will explore the features available within Web Service Manager (WSM), Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM), and Business Transaction Manager (BTM). Finally, we discover how OER can be extended to govern Oracle Application Integration Architecture (AIA) implementations. Discover and learn how to use Oracle SOA Governance Suite to address your specific design-time and runtime governance challenges. What you will learn from this book Define the key goals and objectives for SOA governance and assess the current SOA maturity level within your organization Understand the key challenges faced by organizations prior to implementing SOA governance, and learn the benefits of a successful implementation Discover Oracle Enterprise Repository product architecture and understand its key features, components, and constraints Work with the Asset Editor, categorize Assets, and create Asset Types Make use of OER IDE plugins, OER policies, and OER registration workflows to enforce quality gates and governance policies Explore Oracle Service Registry product architecture and understand its key features, components, and constraints, and how to deploy it and use it effectively with OER Promote services between different environments using the OER and OSR integration capabilities and expose available services to both internal and external parties Implement basic runtime governance with Web Service Manager and Oracle Enterprise Manager


Effect of the experimental process on surface oxide layer of Ni42Cr6Fe alloy has been studied. The results show that the surface oxide layer of Ni42Cr6Fe alloy mainly consists of Cr2O3 and FeCr2 O4. Metal surface polished by sander and the oxidation temperature are the main cause of the oxide film,and the microcosmic crystal defaults are propitious to atoms diffusion in the oxidation process.


Weighting of pregnant women during each prenatal visit is a routine process, with is even supported by recommendations of local professional Gynecologic and Obstetric Society. We have analyzed the published data and tried to answer the question, whether this practice is still justified. According to the available data, we conclude that there is no supporting evidence to weigh pregnant women during regular checkups in pregnancy.


An assemblage of architectural glazed tiles from Huangwa Kiln, Haicheng in Liaoning Province, was analysed using XRF, XRD, and petrography. Microstructure and chemistry indicated the mixing of multiple components. Two potential rawmaterials for the tile body, a red argillaceous component and a white metamorphic component, were identified and analysed. Experimental replicas were prepared with varying recipes, investigating firing, refinement, and proportions of material, and compared with archaeological compositions. One of the proposed recipes offers a technological justification for the use of two raw materials. This work has clear implications for restoration work on two World Cultural Heritage sites in Liaoning Province.