The present invention belongs to the technical field of chemical looping combustion, particularly relates to a novel iron-based oxygen carrier and preparation method on the fly based porous ceramic membrane. In the present invention as an active ingredient Fe2O3, fly ash based porous ceramic membrane as the carrier, to obtain a film embedded in the supported iron-based oxygen carrier; the oxygen carrier, the carrier mass percent Fe2O3, and from 5% to 50%, respectively, and 50% to 95%. Fly ash based porous ceramic membrane prepared carrier is an iron-based oxygen carrier, having a great porosity and large specific surface area can be made highly dispersed Fe2O3, increases the reaction area, and avoids Fe2O3 caused by high temperature sintering fly ash based porous inert ceramic membrane stabilizing properties at high temperatures, the reaction does not occur with Fe2O3, Fe2O3 avoid losses, to ensure the thermal stability of the new iron-based oxygen carrier; wide sources of raw materials preparation, price inexpensive, environmentally friendly, etc., suitable for large-scale promotion.


Should legal documents be fully justified or use left justification with a ragged right margin? This piece presents the arguments for both choices.


Pregnant women living with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection are at risk of transmitting HIV to their babies. Most of this transmission occurs during pregnancy, labour and delivery and during breast feeding. The nurse/midwife as a change agent has an important role to play in ensuring prevention of mother to child transmission. Effective and efficient performance of this role by nurses is predicated on their adequate knowledge, attitude and practices. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in State Specialist Hospital Maiduguri towards the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. This is a descriptive cross sectional survey. A total sample of 50 nurses participated in the study and data was collected through a self-developed and validated questionnaire. Analysis was done manually; descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages was used to answer research questions. The mean age of respondents was 40 ± 6.2 years. Many of the nurses had multiple sources of information on PMTCT; unfortunately multiple sources of information did not translate significantly to improved knowledge of the participants as shown by their low knowledge on PMTCT of HIV (65.7%). The study further reveals a general negativism in the attitudes (41.8%) of respondents towards prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Greater percentage of the respondents showed a discriminatory attitude towards pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS. The practice of PMTCT was generally very low (56.9%). This study demonstrates that nurses in State Specialist Hospital Maiduguri are inadequately informed on practical issues in the prevention of MTCT of HIV. They are therefore handicapped to play an effective role in this important aspect of prevention of HIV. Sensitization, capacity building and appropriate clinical settings remain indispensable assets for meaningful intervention results.

 Key words: Prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT), knowledge, attitude, practice, Maiduguri.


Abstract While the profession has made progress over the past several years, internal auditing is still questioned and sometimes even dismissed. Auditors must clearly demonstrate the value that can be brought to organizations; ten targets for achieving this are suggested.


A new dictionary of modern Danish The Danish Dictionary (Den Danske Ordbog) is the newest dictionary project carried out by The Society for Danish Language and Literature. The Society is an institution under the Danish Ministry of Culture funded by the Danish Government. The aim of the Society is to make scholarly editions of Denmark's literature as well as bibliographies and dictionaries. Work on The Danish Dictionary began in 1991, and the dictionary will be published in six volumes by Gyldendal Publishers in 1998-99. The Danish Dictionary aims at a comprehensive description of contemporary Danish from about 1950 until today, focusing its attention on the decade from 1983 to 1992. The dictionary will cover the written language and also pay attention to the spoken. It will be a broad common language dictionary including commonly used technical language. It will contain approximately 100,000 entries and give information on orthography, word class, inflection, pronunciation, meaning, phraseology, etymology. Authentic quotations will illustrate the use of the words. The dictionary will be as descriptive as possible — but still guide the user, no matter whether he is a native speaker or a learner of Danish. The dictionary will cater for both professional and general users of Danish.


From Arles, Bibliotheque Nationale and fontana to sanctus, Joinville-le-Pont and Notre-Damedes-Champs, this work is an alphabetical dictionary of over 4000 placenames in both France and Corsica. Natural features such as rivers, mountains and islands; administrative regions such as historical provinces and modern departments; and inhabited centers such as cities, towns and villages are all listed here. When possible, entries include examples of the early forms of the names and cross-references are provided as appropriate. The text concludes with four appendices: "Key Elements in French Placenames," "Revolutionary Placenames," "Names of Paris Metro Stations" and "Names of Major Features in Paris."


In this paper, a wireless power transfer model through the example of inductively-coupled coils of irregular shape in software package COMSOL Multiphysics is studied. Circuit parameters, such as inductance, coil resistance and self-capacitance were defined through electromagnetic energy by the finite-element method. The study was carried out according to Helmholtz equation. Spatial distribution of current per unit depending on frequency and the coupling coefficient for analysis of resonant frequency and spatial distribution of the vector magnetic potential at different distances between coils were presented. The resulting algorithm allows simulating the wireless power transfer between the inductively coupled coils of irregular shape with the assessment of the optimal parameters.


This research shows that the wage structure of market economies is invariant and that different wages belonging to the structure show a direct and positive relationship between them. The model proposed here predicts that in economies where workers-manufacturing contribute with higher variations to the product or the state of the engineering is more advanced, the wage inequality must be less in relation to an economy in which workersmanufacturing contribute with less variations to the product or their state of engineering is less development


A numerical model is described which simulates bank erosion in a straight channel composed of noncohesive sediment. The model predicts the distribution of boundary shear stress, cross-channel sediment transport rates and the evolution of the bed topography. When erosion produces a bank slope which exceeds the angle of repose, widening occurs by a planar bank failure. Equilibrium channels produced by the model have flat beds and curved bank regions which are similar to the classical cosine stable bank profile. Equilibrium values of dimensionless depth are inversely proportional to the slope, as suggested by previous studies. The model also reproduces the exponential cross sections created during laboratory experiments. However, as the computations proceed, the exponential profiles slowly develop a flat bed and a curved bank region, suggesting that past flume experiments of channel widening may have frequently been terminated before a stable equilibrium form had evolved.


"On the Quai at Smyrna" exemplifies Hemingway's skill in fictionalizing events he did not witness. The magnitude and particularities of the Smyrna catastrophe are now largely forgotten. Using his iceberg principle, Hemingway creates a remarkable but ultimately puzzling narrative voice. Laying open the story's diplomatic and military context and revealing the horrific events that the speaker witnessed helps to elucidate the speaker's frame of mind, his manner of speaking and the story's tone. The speaker's self-protective irony is generated by self-disgust resulting from an enforced and prolonged powerlessness in the face of inhumane behavior, itself the byproduct of duplicitous politics.


The half-lives of deformed nuclei are reported. We consider an angle-dependent potential which yields multipole approximations. We see that the results are in better agreement with the experimental data when the multipole approximation is solely considered for the daughter nuclei.


Contents: Preface The science and philosophy of human-machine systems Teleology for technology Convergent technological evolution The future of function allocation The sheepdog and the Japanese garden On the future of work Men without machines Life, liberty, and the design of happiness Mind, machine and morality References Index.


Simpler design of control system is the key advantage of DC motor. In recent decade, however use of dc motor in battery-operated electric vehicles (BEV) are declined spectacularly. Without significant improvement of efficiency of such system the use of dc motor in BEV will be objectionable. Regenerative braking is the possible way to improve the efficiency. In this paper a novel regenerative braking mechanism for electric vehicles based on DC motor is proposed. The performance of the proposed braking system has been evaluated experimentally for different motor armature voltage. For this a prototype model of BEV has been used. Simulation results show that the proposed regenerative braking technique is feasible and effective. Also this research provides a new possibility of cost effective equipments and simplest system for regenerative braking to improve the drive distance of electric vehicles.


The performance of different IIR adaptive algorithms are compared. Due to the non-quadratic nature of the performance surface and to potential instability, the IIR algorithms have design problems not encountered with FIR adaptive algorithms. We present simple two-pole adaptive algorithms whose performance, based on experimental results, appears to represent an improvement over the existing RLMS (Recursive Least Mean Squares) algorithm.


Three-body correlations in the dissociation of Borromean halo nuclei are explored for the first time using a technique based on intensity interferometry and Dalitz plots. As an example, the breakup of $^{14}$Be into $^{12}$Be+n+n by Pb and C targets is analysed. The combined treatment of n-n and core-n correlations permitted the halo n-n separation to be deduced together with the characteristics $(E,\tau)$ of resonances formed in $^{13}$Be.


Recent progress in chemical protein synthesis has provided access to many small to medium-sized proteins. However, the highly important class of membrane proteins comprising multimembrane-spanning receptors and ion channels as well as integral membrane enzymes remains elusive with regard to chemical synthesis. Only certain moderately sized membrane proteins have been generated by chemical protein synthesis or semisynthesis. Synthesis of the constituent hydrophobic membrane-spanning peptide segments remains challenging owing to incomplete amino acid coupling steps and subsequent purification problems. Herein we report the chemical synthesis of Escherichia coli diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK), an integral membrane enzyme consisting of monomers with 121 amino acids each that form a homotrimer in a membrane environment as well as in detergent micelles. These homotrimers catalyze the conversion of diacylglycerol into phosphatidic acid and play a vital role in the lipid metabolism of Gram-negative bacteria, especially under conditions of environmental stress. DAGK is the smallest kinase described to date and is not related to other members of the large family of phosphotransferases. DAGK has served as a model system for the study of enzymatic processes in membranes, for stability testing, and for membrane-protein folding. A highresolution structure determined recently by NMR spectroscopy is in good agreement with previous predictions of DAGK topology with respect to its three transmembrane domains (TMs) and the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain. This structure also revealed some specific features of the DAGK trimer, such as the high susceptibility of this integral membrane enzyme to point mutations that either affect its catalytic activity or lead to misfolding of the protein. The DAGK homotrimer (molar mass of 40 kDa) contains three active sites that are created by swapping TM3 between subunits (Scheme 1). Even though much is known about the


We report on two patients with Type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) treated with simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation. Following this procedure, both patients developed symptomatic cheiroarthropathy. SPK has previously been shown to slow or even reverse microvascular complications, but these cases suggest that such an improvement does not occur in cheiroarthropathy. Patient 1 was a 37-year-old Caucasian male with a 12-year history of TIDM, complicated by end-stage renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and significant diabetic retinopathy. The second patient was a 51-year-old Caucasian male with a 38-year history of TIDM with associated nephropathy and retinopathy. Both underwent SPK transplantation using alemtuzumab at induction followed by maintenance with tacrolimus (trough levels 8–12 nm) and mycophenolate mofetil (500 mg twice daily). Both achieved good renal and pancreatic graft function (creatinine 135–156 mm, HbA1c 5.0–5.5) but at 2 and 3 months respectively, noticed significant thickening of the skin on the dorsum of their hands and a restriction in extension, consistent with a diagnosis of cheiroarthropathy (Fig. 1). Furthermore, prior to transplantation, both patients did not complain of any such symptoms pertaining to their hands whatsoever. Over the next 17 months, with intensive physiotherapy and maintenance of good glycaemic control their condition stabilized but showed no objective evidence of improvement with respect to total range of motion and resting contractures. Microvascular complications (nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy) are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in patients with TIDM and their development is closely linked to glycaemic control [1]. SPK transplantation provides a means of normalizing blood glucose, thus limiting the progression of these complications; Pancreas transplantation prevents the recurrence of diabetic nephropathy in a simultaneously transplanted kidney prolonging graft survival [2]. Retinal lesions, which may be advanced at time of SPK transplantation, usually stabilize in the post-transplant period [3]. Neuropathy can show a marked recovery post-SPK transplantation with measurable improvements in both nerve conduction velocities, sensory action potentials and in autonomic dysfunction in the longer term [4]. Diabetic cheiroarthropathy (DCA), also known as diabetic hand syndrome, occurs in up to half of patients with TIDM, typically those with a long history of disease. It is characterized by palmar fasciitis and a Figure 1 'The prayer sign' demonstrating fixed flexion of fingers in a patient with cheiroarthropathy, which developed post simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.


Literary writing is not simple narration of events and knowledge,which is anotyer different reflection of feelings,writer is in a creative condition of inspiration breaking iout It makes writers,narrator and readers form a relation chain of people ,scenery and reason.Mr.Lin Fei probed into a series of great problems with Sime in his historic prose "Inquiring Sima Qian


A modern obstetrician-gynecologist often faces the problem of correcting the negative changes that occur in the female body in the perimenopausal period. According to the WHO, by 2025 the number of women over the age of 60 will reach 1 billion, which undoubtedly makes the topic of menopausal syndrome therapy discussed by the authors of the article relevant. Since 2020, the global community has been living in a pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. And this undoubtedly affects the tactics of treating patients with other pathologies when this infection is attached. A certain alertness is caused by the influence of menopausal hormonal therapy on the hemostasis system. The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) also activates a wide range of pathological links, affecting many body systems, including the hemostasis system. The authors reviewed a modern approach to the correction of menopausal changes in women using menopausal hormone therapy, the main indications and contraindications for its appointment, including in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the recommendations of international communities on menopause.


TÜBA East Anatolian Fault Line Earthquakes Evaluation Meeting" that we organized at Hacettepe University on February 22, 2023, discussed earthquakes from a multidimensional and multidisciplinary perspective. In the evaluation meeting consisted of three main sessions under the titles of "Analysis of Past Earthquakes in Turkey and Due Diligence of Current Earthquakes", "Problems Caused by the 2023 East Anatolian Fault Line Earthquakes and their Interaction" and "Possible Earthquakes Awaiting Turkey and Suggestions from Different Scientific Disciplines", nearly 50 scientists from 23 universities and over 20 different scientific disciplines came together and shared their views. In this meeting, earth sciences and technical analyzes for the earthquakes were discussed as well as the fact that multidimensional presentations were delivered on disaster management, education, ecology and environment, agriculture and livestock, crisis management and communication, urban planning, psychology, law, and public health taking into account the situations before and after the earthquakes. This report in your hand has been prepared through a compilation of research, examination, observation, opinions and suggestions of the participants of the meeting within the scope of the presentations made at the meeting. The earthquake disaster has shown us once again that the response to disasters starts with risk reduction studies and making the necessary preparations before the disaster happens, not after it happens. For this reason, it has become quite essential to prepare a national disaster response plan that is comprehensive and in line with the requirements of the age, as well as providing a good zoning planning and correct construction conditions, and especially to make the training and practice stages work. We can reduce losses and damage and build resilience against earthquakes with a sustainable disaster management system where the post-earthquake is planned in advance, individuals receive the necessary training, and social preparedness, sensitivity and awareness are at the highest level.


This research studies the fairness of the agreed compensation property nominal value for the victims of the Sidoarjo mudflow. This research was performed by comparing the agreed nominal amount of compensation with the estimated values based on the property price model. The model was developed based on the market property (lands and houses) prices at the region in normal condition before disaster. The market property price is then adjusted based on the principal of time value of money. Property in this research is limited to losses of lands and houses. Analysis tool which was used for estimating property value in normal condition is multiple linear regression using theOrdinary Least Square. The significance of one-sample tests of hypothesis using testing for a population mean was utilized to examine the fairness of compensation determination by PT. Lapindo Brantas, Inc. compared to the real property price. Results of analyses show that the variables of land area, house area, road width in front of houses and lands, transaction time, house quality affect significantly and positively with the R2 value of 0.904033. Analysis results also confirm that the property compensationet property compensation. Results of the population mean significance test shows that nominal compensation price agreed on December 4 2006 is higher than the calculated real price on normal condition (over assessment). determined by PT.Lapindo Brantas, Inc. is statistically different from the mark


Introduction: Bacteremia and bile duct infection following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) are severe complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors of mortality and to evaluate the differences between blood and biliary drainage culture positive patients after PTBD.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 90 patients without any signs of infection prior to the PTBD procedures. Of these patients, we further divided them into three groups based on culture results: 1) first group was only bacteremic, 2) second group was only bile drainage culture-positive, and 3) third group was both bacteremic and bile drainage culture-positive. We compared clinical and laboratory parameters between these three groups and also evaluated the culture results in a high-resistance setting.
Results:  There were 90 patients who developed bacteremia, bile duct infections or both. In the laboratory findings, bacteremic patients showed significantly higher serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p=0.001). Elevated neutrophil counts, lipase levels and carbapenem-resistant isolates were found to be the independent risk factors for 30-day mortality after PTBD. (p=0.01, p=0.01, and p=0.04, respectively). Gram-negative organisms were present in 71.2% of the cases; Escherichia coli was the most common species (28.1%) followed by Enterococcus faecium (18.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.9%). 51 (41.8%) of the cultured gram-negative bacteria were extended spectrum beta-lactamases positive and carbapenem resistance was found in 27 (15.8%) isolates.
Conclusion: Elevated ALT level was only difference between three groups. Therefore, bacteremic and bile culture positive patients should be treated with the same care. Elevated neutrophil counts, lipase levels and carbapenem-resistant isolates were the independent risk factors for mortality. Finally, the choice of antibiotic prophylaxis should be reviewed according to the antimicrobial resistance profiles.


This paper investigates the role of print culture in the British Abolitionist movement. The paper will focus on the role of James Phillips as both activist and as the publisher of the greatest number of tracts and publications in the period. the Quaker's official printer, James Phillips worked closely with the first association formed in Britain in 1783 to work for the abolition of slavery and the slave trade, and was a founding member of the London Abolition Committee in 1787. An active member of the Committee until his death in 1799, Phillips hosted meetings in his home above his business, acted as a key contact with individuals within the movement within the UK, and was the Committee's liaison with abolitionists in France. Phillips also played an important role as printer for the Committee of its own publications and an increasing number of other works sought out to promote the abolitionist cause. Research for the project concentrates on Phillips as printer, publisher and bookseller and the output of his publishing and printing work for the Abolitionist movement, within a framework of understanding print cultures of the period.


Over the last fifteen years a number of articles have appeared on the use of probabilistic simulations in schools (1, 4, 3) and recently Watson has produced a more comprehensive treatment of the topic (5). Up until now, however, little has been written on student responses to such work. This article is an attempt to fill that gap. It describes an experimental programme of study for a group of sixth formers which I taught in 1981 using some of the pupil material from Watson's book together with some of my own.


This article introduces the concept of pop-up usability labs as a practical and cost-effective solution for conducting usability testing in real-world learning experience design (LXD) contexts. Various configurations of pop-up usability labs are presented, including budget-friendly, portable, semi-permanent, and mobile setups, along with recommendations for hardware and software requirements. The importance of selecting appropriate software packages for usability data analysis is emphasized, with suggestions for low-cost, no-cost, and open-source options for quantitative and qualitative data analyses. Pop-up usability labs offer numerous advantages, such as accommodating limited funding and reaching participants in rural areas. However, they also present challenges that require LXD professionals to become familiar with the equipment and data analysis methods. Despite these limitations, pop-up usability labs provide a viable, resource-efficient approach for LXD professionals to conduct usability testing in real-world settings, identify and address design flaws related to usability, and embrace more human-centered design practices in the development of educational and learning technology products, systems, or services.


ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of women living in rural NSW with depression, their beliefs about its causes, their treatment, and ways in which they sought to recover. Method: As the basis of a qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 women who identified as living with depression. Data were collected and analysed from 2011 to 2013 and were coded using thematic data analysis. Results: Women had a multiplicity of points of view on living with depression, its causes, and on the assistance and support they required. A large number of participants described adverse life experiences, including adverse childhood experiences. Many women demonstrated an internal understanding of the interconnectedness of their various adverse life experiences and their depression (loss, childhood abuse, violence). Despite most of these women also suffering from low self-worth, few attributed their self-processes either to their adverse childhood experiences or to their experience of depression. Taking a feminist perspective, this paper discusses the women's understandings and explanations of depression, issues of adverse childhood experiences and grief and loss, and the ways in which the women sought help and support. Discussion: The flow-on effects of negative life experiences are known to be contributing factors in depression, and the women themselves identified them as causal. However, these factors appeared to be muted in diagnosis and treatment owing to the biomedical focus of Australia's preferred depression treatment strategy.


Glacial freshwater discharge to the Atlantic Ocean during de- glaciation may have inhibited oceanic thermohaline circulation, and is often postulated to have driven climatic fluctuations. Yet attributing meltwater-discharge events to particular climate oscil- lations is problematic, because the location, timing, and amount of meltwater discharge are often poorly constrained. We present ev- idence from the Hudson Valley and the northeastern U.S. conti- nental margin that establishes the timing of the catastrophic drain- ing of Glacial Lake Iroquois, which breached the moraine dam at the Narrows in New York City, eroded glacial lake sediments in the Hudson Valley, and deposited large sediment lobes on the New York and New Jersey continental shelf ca. 13,350 yr B.P. Excess 14 C in Cariaco Basin sediments indicates a slowing in thermohaline circulation and heat transport to the North Atlantic at that time, and both marine and terrestrial paleoclimate proxy records around the North Atlantic show a short-lived (,400 yr) cold event (Intra- Allerod cold period) that began ca. 13,350 yr B.P. The meltwater discharge out the Hudson Valley may have played an important role in triggering the Intra-Allerod cold period by diminishing thermohaline circulation.


CONTEXT
A few of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs) would have skip metastasis (SLNM), but the risk factors remain controversial and the prognosis is unclear.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the incidence, lymph node metastasis (LNM) patterns, risk factors, and prognosis of SLNM in PTMCs.

METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of PTMC patients underwent thyroid surgery in our institution. Analyses of risk factors were performed for SLNM. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) of SLNM, central lymph node metastasis (CLNM), and continuous metastasis (central and lateral lymph node metastasis, CLNM+LLNM) were compared after propensity score matching (PSM).

RESULTS
SLNM was detected in 1.7% (50/3923) and frequently involved level III (66.7%). Compared with CLNM+LLNM, SLNM had more LNM at a single level (p<0.01) and less LNM at two levels (p<0.05). A tumor size of 0.5-1 cm (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.27-4.00) and location in the upper pole (OR: 3.30, 95% CI: 2.02-5.40) were independent risk factors for SLNM. 910 (23.2%) PTMCs with LNM were included in the prognostic analysis. At a median follow-up of 60 months, the RFS of SLNM did not differ from that of CLNM (p =0.10) but was significantly higher than that of CLNM+LLNM (p<0.01) after using PSM.

CONCLUSIONS
When the tumor size is 0.5-1 cm or its location is in the upper pole, we must remain vigilant to SLNM in PTMC. Since its prognosis is comparable to that of only CLNM and better than that of CLNM+LLNM, less intensive treatment should be considered.


【Objective】A sea surface scattering model was established in order to agree well with measurement data for SWIM(Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring).【Methods】The forward transfer function from sea surface directional wave spectrum to normalized radar cross section(NRCS,σ°)was developed based on Kirchhoff approximation and quasi-specular reflection theory.Precipitation radar(PR)on the Tropical Rainfall Mapping Mission(TRMM)provides NRCS at low incidence angles.The model is tested using measurements from PR.【Results】By using the quasi-specular scattering theory,combined with Gram-Charlier expansion of probability density function of wave slopes to the forth order,the modeled NRCS agrees well with radar measurements from nadir to 18°.【Conclusion】For SWIM,the sea surface scattering can be presented by quasi-specular scattering theory,combined with Gram-Charlier expansion of probability density function of wave slopes to the forth order.


RADIOLOGY FINDINGS Frontal upright radiographs (Figs. 1A, B) of the abdomen demonstrate a relative paucity of bowel gas and a small amount of free intraperitoneal gas/air beneath the hemidiaphragm within the left upper quadrant. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast (Figs. 2A-C) demonstrates a large amount of ascites/ free fluid and moderate pneumoperitoneum/free air throughout the abdomen and pelvis, associated with a pocket of extraluminal gas adjacent to the first portion of the duodenum.


Platooning unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) are envisioned as a green and effective paradigm to enhance transportation performance. However, limited computing, communication, and energy resources hinder the development of platooning UGVs. To overcome these issues, we introduce heterogeneous computing (HC) resource and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Specifically, we build a novel UAV-aided integrated platooning (VIP) vehicle network for energy consumption minimization based resource management. First, joint optimization problem is considered with HC allocation, power control, and platoon control. Second, a two-phase federated learning (FL) based solution is proposed to solve the nonconvex problem. The solution consists of one phase called dynamic parameter server selection and the other phase called federated resource management. Third, the effectiveness and superiority of the propose approach is validated by the numerical simulations with several benchmarks.


The design process of modern high speed permanent magnet (PM) generators for microturbines has bee discussed. The following design issues and requirements have been emphasized: volume and mass, power losses and efficiency, stator core, stator winding, cooling, PM excitation, rotor mechanical stresses, shaft dynamics, consequences of higher time harmonics and role of inductance in A.C. generator circuit. The paper is ended with a case study: design specifications and performance characteristics of a 90-kW, 27,000-rpm PM brushless generator.


Higher education, as well as other levels of education, face a major problem: the focus, and sometimes interest, of students during classes. Increasingly, students' focus time is shorter and the COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated this problem. Currently, keeping a student attentive and motivated throughout the class is not an easy task. The problem worsens when the theoretical classes are too long. In this sense, it is urgent to change the teaching methods in order to make, not only, the class more pleasant but also to keep the student and professor motivated. Thus, the article aims to present a more dynamic way of teaching a theoretical subject in order to increase student involvement and interaction during class.


From the curriculum name, instructional ideology, structure system of curriculum and time arrangement for class, the paper analyzes the new changes of physical education and health teaching outline for primary and mid- dle school promulgated by education bureau in 2000. In addition, the elective teaching material and its change and the changes of physical education and health teaching outline for senior high school and its test and evaluation are also elucidated here.


The crystals of pure and L-Proline doped Potassium nitrate and Sodium nitrate were grown in solution by slow evaporation technique using supersaturated solution of the salts. Characterization studies of the crystals have been done to find the impact of the L-Proline on the regular lattice arrangement of the pure crystal. The Powder XRD spectrum reveals that the pure and doped KNO3 crystals belong to orthorhombic structure; and pure and doped NaNO3 are rhombohedral in nature. This is a unit cell with parameters a = b = c; α = β = γ ≠ 90°. There are small changes in the unit cell dimensions but the structure of the pure and doped crystals remain to be orthorhombic in nature. The FTIR spectrum shows the functional group analysis of the samples. The various decomposition process of the crystals with respect to temperature have been carried out in thermal analysis. The dielectric properties exhibit the variation of dielectric constant, and capacitance with frequency at various temperatures for pure and doped crystals. The doped crystals found to have considerable effect on the optical, thermal and dielectric properties.
HIGHLIGHTS

Effect of dopant L-Proline on the growth of Potassium nitrate and Sodium nitrate crystals by solution growth was carried out for the first time
The studies based on dielectric properties and thermal analysis gives a broad understanding about the influence of the dopant on the pure crystals
Variation of dielectric constant, resistance, and capacitance with respect to frequency at various temperatures reveals that the dopant L-Proline has a significant effect

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


In recent years, many bridges were deformed or collapsed due to flood, lack of maintenance, design flaws, external loads caused by wind, overloading due to vehicle weight, piling work near the bridges, construction error. These loads induce the exciting vibration in the bridge, if the exciting vibration reaches the natural frequency of the bridge, it leads to resonance. At resonance the bridge will vibrate which causes deformation and collapse. To avoid the collapse, the exciting frequency does not affect the bridge. Aim of this project is to reduce the exciting frequency with short period of time duration by adding the external damping system in it. In this project, the simple and compound tuned mass damping system are used to reduce the bridge exciting vibration and find the deformation at the bridges with and without damping system. Both the analysis results and experimental results shows the reduction in the vibration when the system contains the damping system. By this experiments, the exciting vibration is expected to carried by the damping system without deforming the bridge. The modal analysis has prepared for finding the natural frequency of the bridges. The bridge model has prepared by the Catia V5R15. KeywordsVibration, bridge collapse, pendulum type tuned mass damping system, modal analysis, algadoo's software. TMD-Tuned Mass Damping System, PTMD-Pendulum Type Tuned Mass Damping System. 1. INTRODUCTON In recent years, many bridge collapse happens in India such as Majerhat Bridge Collapse at Kolkata in 2018, Vivekananda flyover at Kolkata 2016, pedestrian bridge collapses Mumbai in 2017, Varanasi Bridge Collapsed at Varanasi in 2018. These bridges were deformed or collapsed due to flood, lack of maintenance, design flaws, external loads caused by wind, overloading due to vehicle weight, piling work near the bridges, construction error. These induce the exciting vibration of the bridge which leads to deformation of the bridge at resonance condition. In the present work, the pendulum type tuned mass damping system (PTMD) will be used to reduce the vibration happens in the bridges. These exciting vibration will be observed by the damping system in short period of time without damage the bridge. A tuned mass damper (TMD), also known as a harmonic absorber or seismic damper, is a device mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude of mechanical vibrations. Their application can prevent discomfort, damage, or outright structural failure. They are frequently used in power transmission, automobiles, and buildings. The two types of tuned mass damping system are spring-mass tuned mass damping, pendulum type tuned mass damping. A tuned pendulum mass damper was included in the early phase of the design to decrease the wind-induced motion of the building by about 50%. A tuned mass damper (TMD), also known as a harmonic absorber or seismic damper, is a device mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude of mechanical vibrations. Their application can prevent discomfort, damage, or outright structural failure. They are frequently used in power transmission, automobiles, and buildings. Tuned mass dampers stabilize against violent motion caused by harmonic vibration. The practical systems are tuned to either move the main mode away from a troubling excitation frequency, or to add damping to a resonance that is difficult or expensive to damp directly. Examples of this type of vibration are pulling a child back on a swing and letting it go, or hitting a tuning fork and letting it ring. Forced vibration is when a time-varying disturbance (load, displacement or velocity) is applied to a mechanical system. The disturbance can be a periodic and steady-state input, a transient input, or a random input. The periodic input can be a harmonic or a non-harmonic disturbance. simple pendulum type tuned mass is used with the bearings which can be eliminated by supporting the mass with cables which allow the system to behave as a simple pendulum attached to a floor. Movement of the floor excites the pendulum. The relative motion of the pendulum produces a horizontal force that opposes the floor motion. The rigid link moves in phase with the damper and has the same displacement amplitude. The equivalent stiffness is Wd /2L, and it follows that the effective length is equal to 2L. Each additional link increases the effective length by L. The tower, located in Osaka, Japan, is 157 m high and 28 m by 67 m in plan, weighs 44000 metric tons, and has a fundamental period of approximately 4 s in the north south direction and 3 s in the east-west direction. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 http://www.ijert.org IJERTV9IS050469 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : www.ijert.org Vol. 9 Issue 05, May-2020


In order to improve performance of halfpipe players,this paper used the method of literature,expert interview,logic analysis and other methods to study the most associated with sport achievement of athletic ability.The results show that skill is the leading factor of competitive ability,and elite athlete's technical characteristics,high stability,gone with the wind,difficult,diversity.The three elements of the athlete physical is the fitness.Lower limbs of elite athletes and waist muscles strength developed,to balance the good coordination ability,lower extremity and trunk flexibility is better.Psychological characteristics of athletes showed excitatory dare and confidence.The factor of competitive ability is mutual influence,mutual promotion and common development,only,in order to improve athletic performance of athletes.


14 new taxa (13 species and 1 variety) of the genera Marasmius, Gloiocephala and Setulipes (Basidiomycetes, Tricholomataceae) from tropical Africa are published. Two described species belong to the genus Gloiocephala (G.mucrocystidiata, G. tezae), two to Marasmius sect. Chordales (M. mvumae, M. schreursii), one species and one variety to sect. Globulares (M. latepileatus, M. staudtii var. magnisporus), one to sect. Hygrometrici (M. mulanjensis), three to sect. Marasmius (M. colorimarginatus, M. lovedalensis, M. somalomoensis) and four to the genus Setulipes (S. afibulatus, S. brevistipitatus, S. curvistipitatus, S. rhizomorphicola). Two new combinations are proposed: Setulipes kisangensis and S. hakgalensis. A new name, M. davidii, is proposed for M. brunneolus (Berk. & Broome) Pegler [non M. brunneolus (Beeli) Singer]. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic descriptions, drawings and a short discussion are given for each species. These studies represent a part of larger taxonomic project dealing with African Marasmii.


We analyzed the relative abundance of the large fritillaries Euptoieta claudia (Cramer) (immigrant), Speyeria cybele (Fabricius) and S. atlantis (Edwards) (generalists), S. aphrodite (Fabricius) (grassland species), and S. idalia (Drury) (prairie specialist) in transect surveys at grasslands and pine barrens during 1990-2006 for variation and correlation over time (measured both as chronological year and as years since last management treatment) among six subregions in central and northern Wisconsin. Population trends (correlations of abundance with chronological year) were few and not significantly skewed toward either negative or positive trends. Spatial synchrony between pairs of subregions was significantly different among species, and these differences ordinated by ecological classification, with the strongest positive correlations for the immigrant species and lowest for the grassland species, with the only analyzable generalist (S. cybele) in between. The specialist was represented by only one correlation that fell between the generalist and grassland species. Little variation in this spatial synchrony was apparent across the range of distances in this study (19-388 km), but the relationship to distance was negative, as expected. Immigrants (non-resident vagrants) appear more affected by landscape scale factors, and so are more spatially synchronized, while less vagile species appear more affected by local conditions and less spatially synchronized by population exchange. Covariance in abundance between the subset of localities surveyed every year and all localities in the subregion surveyed per year suggests that results for a large sample of all surveyed areas, although varying from year to year, approximates the results of more rigorous methods of population monitoring. Differences in abundance by management type showed a pattern of more statistical differentiation with increasing specialization of the species, consistent with previous analyses of these species in other midwestern regions. Results at Buena Vista Grassland were more divergent from previous studies. For both S. idalia and S. aphrodite, mow+burn and burn were relatively more favorable and graze less favorable than elsewhere; the highest abundances of both species were found in graze+burn. Furthermore, years since burning and years since grazing were remarkably similar to each other for both S. aphrodite and S. idalia, and these were similar between the two species, especially for years 0-3. But in both this study and previous analyses, year 0 after burning (and relatively heavy season-long cattle-grazing at Buena Vista) had very low abundances. Contrasts of management results at Buena Vista with results at prairies and barrens may be due to differences in vegetation (old field at Buena Vista vs. native vegetation) and/or due to lower treatment frequency and size (relative to site size) at Buena Vista than elsewhere. Thus, degree of habitat specificity and dispersal tendency both strongly affect patterns of fritillary population abundance. ____________________ 122 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 42, Nos. 3 & 4 Five large fritillary species regularly occur in the midwestern U.S.A., including Wisconsin, in grasslands, savannas, and forest edges (Ebner 1970, Opler and Krizek 1984, Sedman and Hess 1985; Scott 1986, Heitzman and Heitzman 1987, Iftner et al. 1992, Schlicht et al. 2007). The variegated fritillary, Euptoieta claudia (Cramer), has multiple generations per year. Adults of the large fritillaries, great spangled Speyeria cybele (Fabricius), Aphrodite S. aphrodite (Fabricius), regal S. idalia (Drury), and Atlantis S. atlantis (Edwards), occur in a single annual generation timed broadly in mid-summer. These Speyeria species are resident year round in Wisconsin. Euptoieta does not since it cannot survive freezing weather, but regularly disperses here as a vagrant during the growing season. All these fritillaries feed on violets (Viola, Violaceae) as larvae, with E. claudia also consuming many other unrelated plants. E. claudia and S. cybele may be found in almost any open area. S. aphrodite is more restricted to upland brush, fields, prairie, and oak woods. S. idalia primarily inhabits prairie, especially tallgrass, but outside the prairie region occurs in damp meadows and upland pastures. The most northerly species, S. atlantis, lives in forest openings and meadows. This paper presents analyses of these fritillaries' abundance patterns relative to spatial synchrony and management among subregions in Wisconsin in transect surveys in grasslands and pine barrens during 1990-2006. Such information is useful for devising monitoring protocols, interpreting survey data, and understanding the biogeography and ecology of these species. Surveying and monitoring are necessary components of conservation programs for rare or declining butterfly species (Dennis 1992, Pollard and Yates 1993); the assessment of a butterfly's status and population trend is confounded by large variability among generations attributable to fluctuations in abundance due to climate and land use, among other factors. The most immediate application of this information relates to conserving S. idalia, which has experienced the most widespread decline and marked range contraction of the study species (Johnson 1986; Swengel 1993). As Hammond and McCorkle (1984) asserted, this butterfly is characteristic of undegraded tallgrass prairie and is likely to have been common in the formerly vast prairie expanse, yet in the primary region where tallgrass prairie naturally occurred (central North America) is now confined to remnant patches that escaped conversion to agriculture. S. aphrodite is of local or regional conservation interest (Panzer et al. 1995, Schlicht et al. 2007).


A symbolic matrix system and a $\lambda$-graph system for a subshift are generalizations of a symbolic matrix and a $\lambda$-graph (= finite symbolic matrix); for a sofic shift respectively. In [K. Matsumoto. (Presentations of subshifts and their topological conjugacy invariants. Doc. Math. 4 (1999), 285–340)], two equivalence relations between symbolic matrix systems were formulated, properly strong shift equivalence and strong shift equivalence, which are related to topological conjugacy of subshifts. In this paper, we first prove that these two equivalence relations are equivalent to each other for a large class of symbolic matrix systems. State splitting of a $\lambda$-graph system is introduced as a generalization of state splitting of a finite directed graph. State splitting gives rise to a strong shift equivalence for the corresponding symbolic matrix systems. We prove that two subshifts are topologically conjugate if and only if the canonical $\lambda$-graph system for one subshift is obtained by a finite sequence of merged state splittings and merged state amalgamations from the canonical $\lambda$-graph system for the other subshift.


Abstract In the literature on professional international consulting, the use of a foreign language (such as English) is typically cast as problematic and as an obstacle to successful intervention. In this article, we present evidence to the contrary, showing that conducting a specific form of professional consulting called 'supervision' in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) can be beneficial rather than detrimental to the outcome. We analyze data of one international supervision event using the ethnographic framework of 'nexus analysis' (Scollon and Scollon 2004). Nexus analysis operates by investigating how macro-level societal discourses (e.g. professional discourses of supervision) and cultural tools (e.g. the use of ELF) interplay in and mediate local moments of interaction. In our case, using ELF in international supervision can slow down the process, which in turn is actually an important intervention strategy in supervision because it facilitates reflection work and is thus conducive to positive outcomes. We argue that nexus analysis is well poised to investigate the effects of such interplay of ELF use and societal (professional) discourses on the ground. Further, conducting studies that show the benefits of ELF use in supervision can ultimately engender more positive attitudes among professionals in this regard.


Reactor design optimization is a challenging task that requires significant resources in terms of time, labor, and iteration. As advanced reactors continue to be developed, the design requirements and constraints may become more challenging, including economic, safety, and transportation considerations. Meeting these constraints and efficiently designing a reasonable reactor optimization solution within a short timeframe based on existing design experience is a significant challenge. In this paper, a combination of structure optimization and the characteristic statistical algorithm (CSA) is proposed to obtain reactor core optimization based on the existing limit of physics and thermal design. Neutronic design codes RMC/MCNTRANS are used to calculate neutronic performance, such as reactivity, power distribution, and fuel burnup. The thermal sub-channel code KMC-SUB is used to calculate coolant temperature. With the assistance of the Shenzhen Supercomputer Center, a large-scale computation was carried out, and a set of optimized core schemes meeting the constraints of nuclear design were found. Data analysis was then used to determine key design variables to guide the direction of continuous core optimization. The results show the feasibility of using CSA for core design optimization and provide insight into the importance of different design variables.


In a recent paper (Abazari R. Application of ( G ' G )-expansion method to travel- ling wave solutions of three nonlinear evolution equation. Computers & Fluids 2010;39:1957-1963), the (G ' /G )-expansion method was used to find travelling-wave solutions to three nonlinear evolution equations that arise in the mathematical mod- elling of fluids. The author claimed that the method delivers more general forms of solution than other methods. In this note we point out that not only is this claim false but that the delivered solutions are cumbersome and misleading. The extended tanh-function expansion method, for example, is not only entirely equiv- alent to the (G ' /G )-expansion method but is more efficient and user-friendly, and delivers solutions in a compact and elegant form.


Interactive systems are usually evaluated in terms of both accuracy and speed. This trade-off between speed and accuracy, in which the user tries to maximize both quantities, has been extensively studied in psychology[4] and HCI. Instead of such a max-max tradeoff, one can also see the problem as a min-min tradeoff between time and error. Time, e.g. reaction or execution time, is often seen as a quantity that should tend towards zero. However, the notion of "time" is quite broad and not every time measurement should be a quantity to nullify or minimize. In this paper, I will discuss different definitions of time and highlight a global time trade-off in which some quantities should be minimized and other maximized in order to improve the engagement time of users in a game.


5154 Background: Although the efficacy of CAB in advanced prostate cancer (PC) has been demonstrated by the PCTCG and others, more evidence is required in locally advanced (Stage C) PC. The results of a Japanese P III study of bicalutamide in Stage C/D PC suggested the efficacy of CAB was better than monotherapy. When time to progression (TTP) was evaluated in Stage C and D separately, CAB had significant benefits in both stages and results in stage D were consistent with PCTCG data. Thus, this exploratory analysis was conducted to evaluate more thoroughly the efficacy of CAB in Stage C. Methods: 205 untreated PC patients with Stage C/D were randomized to CAB (goserelin 3.6 mg/4 weeks or leuprorelin 3.75 mg/4 weeks + bicalutamide 80 mg/day) or LHRHa monotherapy (same LHRHa + placebo). Among these patients, 99 had Stage C (52/47 on CAB/monotherapy). The median of the following parameters were calculated, and log-rank tests performed: TTP in all Stage C patients; TTP in Stage C patients by age, PSA value at...


We present a detailed study of the external-cavity modes (ECMs) of a semiconductor laser with phase-conjugate feedback. Mathematically, lasers with feedback are modeled by delay differential equations (DDEs) with an infinite-dimensional phase space. We employ new numerical bifurcation tools for DDEs to continue steady states and periodic orbits, irrespective of their stability. In this way, we show that the periodic orbits corresponding to the ECMs are connected to the steady state solution associated with the locking range of the laser. We also identify symmetric and nonsymmetric homoclinic orbits and hysteresis in the system.


Dehumidification and heating of electric vehicle heat pump systems are of significance in ensuring comfort and safety in winter. This study purposes to investigate the dehumidification and heating performances of a new-designed heat pump system. A numerical model is established and serves for analyzing the ventilation conditions for dew or fog removal of the windshield. Both ventilation conditions of the heat pump and the inner surface temperature of the windshield were investigated as per experimental measurements. Meanwhile, dehumidification rates, effective heating capacity, and coefficients of performance were analyzed under different operating conditions. It is shown that the heat-pump's air outlet conditions are within the range of suitable ventilation conditions meeting the needs of dew or fog removal. At the same compressor speed, the inlet air humidity of the evaporator inlet decreases, the dew or fog removal is more effective, and the coefficient of performance for heating increases but the coefficient of performance for dehumidification decreases. In the case of the same inlet air humidity, the dew or fog removal effect is better with increasing compressor speed; Meantime, the coefficient of performance for heating and dehumidification both decrease. The lower compressor speed and lower inlet air humidity for the evaporator enable the heat pump system to meet the demand for dew or fog removal of the windshield and ensure thermal comfort in the cabin. This study verifies the effectiveness of heat pump systems for dehumidification and heating and would be valuable to promote heat pump systems.


Visual inertial odometry has become an increasingly popular method of obtaining a state estimate on board smaller robots like micro aerial vehicles (MAVs). While VIO has demonstrated impressive results in certain environments, there is still work to be done in improving the robustness of these algorithms. In this work we present a novel multi-camera VIO framework which aims to improve the robustness of a robot's state estimate during aggressive motion and in visually challenging environments. Our system uses a fixed-lag smoother which jointly optimizes for poses and landmarks across all stereo pairs. We propose a 1-point RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm which is able to perform outlier rejection across features from multiple cameras. To handle the problem of noisy extrinsics, we account for uncertainty in the calibration of each stereo pair and model it in both our front-end and back-end. The result is a VIO system which is able to maintain an accurate state estimate under conditions that have typically proven to be challenging for traditional state-of-the-art VIO systems. We demonstrate the benefits of our proposed multistereo algorithm by evaluating it with both simulated and real world data. We show that our proposed algorithm is able to maintain a state estimate in scenarios where traditional VIO algorithms fail.


A vehicle such as a riding lawn care vehicle may include a frame and a steering assembly. Wheels of the vehicle may be attachable to the frame. The steering assembly may include a steering apparatus operably coupled to at least one of the wheels of the vehicle to provide steering inputs to the at least one of the wheels based on a position of the steering apparatus. The steering assembly may further include a steering column, a pinion assembly and a rack assembly. The steering column may extend from the steering apparatus to rotate responsive to movement of the steering apparatus. The pinion assembly may be disposed along the steering column and include at least two pinions of different sizes. The rack assembly may be operably coupled to the frame and the at least one wheel of the vehicle to translate steering inputs from the steering apparatus to the at least one wheel via the pinion assembly. The rack assembly may include at least two rack portions of different sizes.


Abstract Systemic default risk is due to multiple private and/or public entities' simultaneous default. This risk has caused great concern in the recent past and its assessment is not a trivial subject. We have provided a model for systemic risk attribution in order to disentangle its different components. We have applied it to a selection of EU countries consistent with previous research. We have extracted a common EU factor and analysed the residual components related to an individual country's banking system, to the interaction between banking system and government, and to the country's and banking idiosyncratic components, as well.For this purpose, we have introduced a multivariate distribution for all the countries and the relative banks, also providing an integrated analysis. We have applied the multivariate Marshall–Olkin distribution, where the marginal probability of default for any country or bank depends on its default intensity. Risk attribution has been performed using weekly market data referred to sovereign and bank CDSs over the period 2009–2015. Our results have highlighted relevant differences between Northern and Southern EU countries, as far as risk decomposition is concerned. In Southern countries, risk is mainly concentrated in a country-banking system shock at each level. In Northern countries, the prevailing components of risk are the systemic EU shock at country level, and the idiosyncratic component at banking system level and individual bank level.


The structure of single crystal of the polyoxotungstate salt Na_(10){(PW_9O_(34))_2Ni_4(H_2O)2}·26H_2O ( Na_(10)Ni4O96P2W18H56, Mr=5371.96) has been determined by X-ray diffraction (MoK(). Crystal data: P21/n, a=11.898(2), b=16.629(4), c=21.413(4) ?, ( = 100.59(1)o, V= 4164.5(1) ?3, Z=2, Dc = 4.284g/cm3, F(000) = 4704, ( =2.5847cm-1, final R = 0.0344, and wR= 0.0804 for 5830 independent reflections. Two B-(-PW_9O_(34)9- units in the compound are linked via a set of four coplanar Ni2+ atoms, which also carry H_2O ligands. The NiO6 octahedra in each centrosymmetric anion are all tetragonally elongated with their long axes parallel.


This paper studies the adsorption properties in wet and dry conditions of a potential support material for toluene biofiltration. The material was able to retain 2.5 times less toluene when the contaminated airflow was fed either water-saturated or devoid of moisture, which is an indication of the relative exposed surface area accessible for adsorption. The correlation coefficients between Freundlich-modelled and experimental values (R 2 = 0.98) suggest that, within the tested range of toluene concentrations, this model is valid to describe adsorption equilibrium and that n exponent is near 1 when natural material is used as adsorption bed. In addition, the air-liquid partitioning constant values of toluene in water and in a nutrient solution used for biomass acclimation were determined. The constant obtained for the nutrient solution ranged from 0.167 to 0.224 for liquid toluene mass concentration (γ L ) values ranging from 10.3 to 36.2 g m -3 at 298 K. By contrast, the constants in water varied from 0.221 to 0.277 for γ L values ranging from 7.86 to 27.6 g m -3 .


The invention Mach-Zehnder bidirectional modulation of the light modulator to be on the non-contact displacement sensor using the same, the present invention is a light source, sseokyul for outputting light to be input is connected to the light source to a different path radar, the input light and outputting the laser light collimator provided to the optical modulator for outputting the RF modulation, converts the modulated light received from the sub-optical modulator with a large area and outputting the measured object, and receives the light reflected from the measured object light modulator, the light receives the modulated light received from the light modulator switching / jeonbyeon for converting an optical signal into an electrical signal; And applying an RF signal to an optical modulator, and comprising parts of analysis of analyzing the spectrum of the electrical signal input from the switching optical / jeonbyeon, the optical modulation unit to forward the light inputted from the circulator RF modulated and output to the collimator, the collimator non-contact displacement using a bidirectional modulation of Zehnder light modulator Mach, characterized in that for measuring the displacement of the to-be-measured object by the reverse RF modulating light that is input using the downlink RF-modulated light and the uplink RF-modulated light time difference from It relates to a sensor.


This paper attempts to explore a new avenue of urban small-regional population estimation by remote sensing technology, creatively and comprehensively for the first time using a residence count method, area (density) method and model method, incorporating the application experience of American scholars in the light of the state of our country. Firstly, the author proposes theoretical basis for population estimation by remote sensing, on the basis of analysing and evaluating the history and state quo of application of methods of population estimation by remote sens-ing. Secondly, two original types of mathematical models of population estimation are developed on the basis of remote sensing data, taking Tianjin City as an example. By both of the mathematical models the regional population may be estimated from remote sensing variable values with high accuracy. The number of the independent variables in the lat-ter model is somewhat smaller and the collection of remote sensing data is somewhat easier, but the deviation is a little larger. Finally, some viewpoints on the principled problems about the practical application of remote sensing to popu-lation estimation are put forward.


The traditional practices of genital mutilation1 of young girls and women, hereinafter called FC (female circumcision) have in recent times generated incessant controversy in political and academic circles. The campaign against the practice has similarly captured the interest of sociologists, interest groups and, until recent times, the law.2 Because of the medical dangers of FC, proposals to eradicate the activity have been suggestive of an outright ban; but others hold the view that the necessity for legislation to prohibit the practice will be unrealistic.3 As will be seen below, a few jurisdictions who have in the past partially legislated against it, met with little or no success. Paradoxically, the problem exists.4


The problem of determination of the diagram of the dissipation and diagrams of the inverse dissipation of layer with rough border is solving.


Taking a chemical relocation plot in Shandong Province as an example, the investigation of trichloromethane concentration in soil was carried out by the systematic zonal distribution method, and the interpolation simulation of trichloromethane concentration in soil was carried out by the radial base model, IDW model and Tyson polygon model interpolation method respectively through statistical analysis of the survey sampling and detection results, comparing the simulation prediction accuracy of each interpolation model and different parameters, and the spatial distribution of trichloromethane concentration obtained by different calculation methods. The spatial distribution characteristics of contaminated soil volume and trichloromethane concentration obtained by different calculation methods were compared, and on this basis, the optimal model was selected for the spatial distribution simulation study of trichloromethane. The results showed that: the concentration of trichloromethane in soil was correlated with the depth of soil layer, and the concentration decreased gradually with increasing depth, the highest value of detected concentration was 5.96 mg/kg, and the average concentrations of trichloromethane in soil layer from top to bottom at three depths were 5.96, 1.67 and 1.18 mg/kg, respectively; there was a certain spatial correlation of trichloromethane concentration in soil, and by comparing the IDW (inverse distance weight) model can better simulate the spatial distribution characteristics of trichloromethane.


Description of basic types of transport logistic is presented in the article. As basic signs of classification of transport logistic of chosen: scale of activity, management character, character of executable functions, character of dominant aims, character of areas of activity, character of resources of influence. On every classification sign maintenance of transport logistic is resulted. Working out in detail of separate classification signs allows to do the process of research of transport logistic more deep, scalene, scientifically grounded.


Plan S: what does it mean for authors and researchers? P S is an Open Access (OA) publishing initiative launched by Science Europe in September 2018. It is currently supported by a consortium of fifteen research agencies and funders in Europe. Adding heft to the movement is support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust, as well as government funders from India and China. Under Plan S, scientists who receive financial support from participating funders would have to publish their work in fully OA journals starting on January 1, 2020. When the proponents of Plan S stated, "there is no valid reason to maintain any kind of subscriptionbased business model for scientific publishing in the digital world", the resulting raised eyebrows were understandable. In some quarters there was panic, and the publishing message boards lit up with opinions both grounded and specious. Recent developments on Plan S have included organized feedback from numerous publishers (Wiley, Springer Nature, and Taylor & Francis but interestingly not Elsevier); an opinion statement from the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers (STM; https ://bit.ly/2UUuFiR); and the hiring of a consultant by the Plan S group to study implementation challenges. All parties acknowledge that OA is the future but how we get there is not clear. Achieving the ultimate goal – making all publicly funded research immediately available, and open, to the public – is likely many years in the future. The consensus seems to be that Plan S is too restrictive. STM encourages a more moderate approach, their concern being that under the initial recommendations, researchers would be prevented from publishing in journals with paywalls, even those with hybrid OA options. Publishers have expressed support for OA publishing, but they want to maintain the hybrid option, which supports the association publishing model. Many professional associations rely on income from publishing operations to fund their advocacy and education programs. Some associations – like the ESA – offer grants to members to publish their articles. This type of funding could disappear in a Plan S world. Funding models also differ among disciplines: publishing in the humanities and social sciences would likely become much tougher due to less robust funding. Implementation has proven to be problematic, with publishers, societies, researchers, and other organizations voicing concerns about this onesizefitsall approach to scientific publishing. A major debate has involved pricing. Initial pricing estimates for the Plan S OA fees were quickly dismissed as unrealistic. The threat to professional societies – which serve a crucial role in advocating for their members professionally and in the political arena – should concern all scientists who rely on these organizations to be their voice. The staff at the ESA and our publisher Wiley are closely following the developments on Plan S, which have hit some speed bumps recently. Germany and Sweden have limited their support for the initiative, which is not promising. RobertJan Smits, the architect of Plan S, may have forecasted that Plan S would include 30% of the world's research output, but the actual number is closer to 3%. During 2014–2018, the ESA published 284 articles that were supported by Plan S signatories, out of a total of 4,419 articles published during that same period, representing 6% of ESA journal output. Researchers themselves have mixed views, with some advocating for the revolution and others calling Plan S unethical and authoritarian. And so the debate rages. The reality is that researchers and authors benefit from a portfolio of publishing options – from gold OA to hybrid to green OA, as well as the traditional pagecharge and freetopublish models. We believe that authors want, and should have, choices in terms of the types of journals in which to publish. Everyone benefits from a multifaceted publishing environment, one where authors can choose where to publish, on what type of platform, and under which licensing agreement. Fortunately, at the ESA we have a Plan Scompliant OA journal, Ecosphere, which has seen dramatic growth over the past decade. Our other journals – Ecology, Ecological Monographs, Ecological Applications, and Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment – are hybrid publications, offering an OA option to all authors. While the hybrid model is not considered compliant, we hope that this model will gain acceptance under Plan S in the future. We don't believe Plan S is the death knell for subscription or hybrid journals, but we acknowledge that universal OA will be an increasingly important model for the future. How quickly that future arrives remains to be seen. STEVE SAYRE Director of Publishing,


The low-temperature magnetic properties of the amorphous invar alloys Fe x B 100-x (x=79-85 at.%) are investigated. It is shown that, as in the case of the classical FeNi invar alloys, they have an asperomagnetic spin structure in the ground magnetic state


Objectives: Apocynaceae Family plants in India had wide array of traditional uses and practised since years ago. This review aims to report selected plants of this possessing anticancer activity. Selected literature compiled from the search of electronic journals, books and encyclopedias etc. using search engines viz. Google, PubMed, Sciencedirect, GoogleScholar and SciFinder for all periods. The Dogbane family is includes atleast 150 genera and 1700 species. Around 25 genera and 50 species of the family reviewed here possess anticancer activity. The reason for this potential is due to: a) phytoconstituents b) poisonous constituents c) antimalarial activity and d) abundance of literature in traditional medicinal use.  Folk medicinal uses and reported anticancer potential suggests that the Apocynaceae plants can be formulated or developed into lead compounds or novel drugs or multidrug complex for treatment of cancer. Detailed screening of each species has to be performed in 64 pannel cell lines, mechanistic study performed clearly and effectiveness of extracts, fractions or pure isolated compounds is to be compared.
Keywords:  Apocynaceae; Traditional Medicines; cancer; anticancer plants.


This article is a case study of how one firm unwillingly violated Section 2(d) of the Robinson-Patman Act by merely participating in a cooperative advertising plan. It shows that the Federal Trade Commission's strict interpretation of the law's language can frustrate innovation in marketing strategy.


six participating institutions: Argonne National Laboratory, the California Institute of Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Rice University, Syracuse University, and the University of Tennessee. The CRPC is committed to a program of research that will make parallel computer systems truly usable-at least as usable as sequential computer systems are today. Once they are usable, the tremendous potential offered by parallel computers will be realized through practical scientific application. Basic research at the CRPC sites in


This paper reports a novel oscillator circuit topology based on a transformer‐coupled π‐network. As a case study, the proposed oscillator topology has been designed and studied for 60 GHz applications in the frame of the emerging fifth generation wireless communications. The analytical expression of the oscillation frequency is derived and validated through circuit simulations. The root‐locus analysis shows that oscillations occur only at that resonant frequency of the LC tank. Moreover, a closed‐form expression for the quality factor (Q) of the LC tank is derived which shows the enhancement of the equivalent quality factor of the LC tank due to the transformer‐coupling. Last, a phase noise analysis is reported and the analytical expressions of phase noise due to flicker and thermal noise sources are derived and validated by the results obtained through SpectreRF simulations in the Cadence design environment with a 28 nm CMOS process design kit commercially available. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An HIV-positive prisoner, who attempted to escape from what he believed were inferior medical conditions, was not justified in his escape, a Louisiana appeals court ruled. [Name removed] tried to escape a Louisiana prison because he expected to be returned to a Nevada prison, where he believed HIV medical treatment was inferior. Once caught, [name removed] was convicted of simple escape, which was upheld by the Court of Appeal despite [name removed]'s claim that his escape was justified. The court ruled that [name removed] did not face an immediate threat of harm, made no complaints in Nevada about the quality of care while he was there, nor sought legal means to stop his return there. These factors did not comply with the circumstances required for inmates to claim that an escape is justifiable.


After October 1917, the remnants of the tsarist legal system collapsed. Spontaneous people's courts emerged in working-class areas of major cities, deliberately eschewing "bourgeois" forms of justice in favour of elected judges, public trials and an emphasis on "revolutionary consciousness" when judging cases. These courts usually covered petty crimes. A commission under the Military Revolutionary Committee in Petrograd dealt with more serious threats to the regime, such as revolts, strikes or sabotage, and imprisoned some offenders on an ad hoc basis. Yet despite some Bolsheviks believing that a "proletarian" revolution had little need for official forms of law and justice, it soon became clear to the leadership that something more formal was required if the regime was to deal with the general lawlessness that undermined popular support for its predecessor, the Provisional Government, and to combat serious threats to the revolution powerfully and consistently.


In this paper, we propose methodologies to analyze data derived from retroviral insertional mutagenesis screens. The data has been generated by analyzing virally induced tumors in mice. The goal is to find the Common Insertion Sites (CISs), i.e. regions in the genome that have a significantly increased viral insertion rate across multiple tumors. Ideally, significance estimates of CISs should be established taking into account both the noise, arising from the random nature of the insertion process, as well as the bias, stemming from preferential insertion sites present in the genome and the data retrieval methodology. We propose a novel method that finds CISs in a noisy and biased environment using a predefined significance level. We show that the proposed Gaussian Kernel Convolution method is flexible enough to incorporate corrections for the effects of noise and bias while maintaining the predefined significance level. Since the locus of a CIS is frequently in the vicinity of, or within a cancer gene, detecting CISs allows for the discovery of candidate cancer genes. For this purpose a specialized MATLAB GUI visualizing the data is developed.


While it is commonly assumed that parliamentary opposition is on the wane in Western democracies, we argue that evidence supporting this established proposition is lacking. Therefore, drawing on unique data from the Swedish parliament (the Riksdag), between 1970 and 2014, this article breaks new ground by systematically testing the 'waning-of-opposition thesis'. First, we explore patterns of cross-partisan cooperation by gauging the extent to which governments seek to accommodate the position of the opposition. Second, we study the degree of partisan conflict over time by mapping the degree to which the opposition politicizes and rejects government policies. Our findings directly contradict the waning-of-opposition thesis. In contrast to theoretical expectations, including the influential 'cartel-party thesis', the article finds that partisan struggles in general have intensified significantly over time. Therefore, the article casts significant doubt over the influential idea that parliamentary opposition is waning.


A phase-shifting holography system for recording 3D color images is developed with a color CCD, and red (R), green (G), and blue (B) lasers. The phase of reference lights in this recording system is precisely shifted by changing fringe patterns displayed on a high-resolution reflective LCD panel. RGB interference fringe patterns are able to be recorded at the same time for a practical color object by adopting a high-resolution color CCD. Color images in the wide visual field are recorded by adopting a multi-channel CCD and are reconstructed from the recorded hologram by adopting a multi-channel LCD modulator. Holograms for reconstruction of RGB images are obtained from recorded fringe patterns by the phase-shifting holography, and fine color images with high quality are reconstructed from recorded phase-shifting holograms by using the developed holographic color display system. The visual field of the holographic system is enlarged by adopting a multi-channel color CCD for recording of the image and a multi-channel LCD panel for reconstruction of the image.


Black carbon nanoparticles BCNP were prepared from H2O/kerosene by a flame method using a specific chamber homemade which designed to provide specific conditions. Methanol alcohol was used as a source for producing CO gas to reduce the oxygen on the reaction and to provide the atmospheric conditions. All the ratios of water 5.26%, 11.11%, 17.64%, 25% and 42.85% were succeeded to reduce the size of carbon black nanoparticles when mixed with kerosene. The diameter of carbon black nanoparticles was 67.61 nm with pristine kerosene which reduces to 33% (45.33 nm) when used 42.85% of DI water in mixture. The particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy which supplied with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and surface area.


Sea surface temperature (SST) over the western North Pacific (WNP) exhibits strong decadal to multidecadal variability and in this region, warm waters fuel the tropical cyclones (TCs). Observational records show pronounced decadal variations in WNP TC metrics during 1950–2018. Statistical analysis of the various TC metrics suggests that the annual average intensity of WNP TCs is closely linked to the AMO (r = 0.86 at decadal timescales, p < 0.05). Observations and coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations show that the decadal WNP SST variations regarded as the primary driver of TC intensity, are remotely controlled by the AMO. Corresponding to the WNP SST warming, the local SLP gets lower and the tropospheric air becomes warmer and moister, enhancing atmospheric instability and the generation of convective available potential energy. These favorable changes in the background environment provide more "fuel" to the development of deep convection and intensify the WNP TCs. The footprints of AMO in WNP SST and atmospheric states through trans-basin interaction eventually exert a significant impact on the TC intensity over the WNP region.


Abstract : Volume IV includes the logic used to develop software for generating the tables in Volume III, user instructions, and a complete listing of programs that were executed to arrive at the tables.


The imaging information and feature for the infrared image and optical image are investigated firstly, and fuzzy feature extraction of image is presented in this paper. Then the relationship between two images is described. Through analyzing the images, a description-based fuzzy feature matching algorithm is proposed. Experiment results using infrared image and optical CCD image are presented.


This study is considered to be the first on this sector of Tigris River after 2003, to evaluate the effect of Tharthar Arm on the composition and diversity of Copepoda in Tigris River. Six sampling sites were selected; two on the Tharthar Arm and four sites along the Tigris River, one before the confluence as a control site and the others downstream the confluence; thirty-five copepod taxa were recorded, 34 taxa in the Tigris River and 25 taxa in the Tharthar Arm. The highest density of Copepoda was 265584.2 Ind./m3 in the site 2 at Tharthar Arm lead to an increasing in Copepoda density in the Tigris River from 63878.2 Ind./m3 in site 1 before the confluence to 127198.3 Ind./m3 in site 4 immediately downstream the confluence. Also, the mean values of richness index and diversity index increased from 1.71 and 0.98 bit/Ind. in site 1 before the confluence to 2.08 and 1.00 bit/Ind. in site 4 below the confluence, respectively. Moreover, the highest similarity percentage was between sites 3 and 4 reached 87.83% while, the lowest percentage was between the sites 1 and 2 recorded 65.41%. For constancy index the highest value was 9 at the site 6 whereas the lowest value was 2 at site3.


Study Design. The results of MRI study of 10 children with acute stiff-neck who were treated in the Department of Spine Surgery in Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy. Objectives. To demonstrate the MRI findings in children with acute stiff neck and suggest other explanations to this findings. Summary of Background Data. The etiology of child's acute stiff-neck has been debated in the published data. Most authors supported the basic role of atlantoaxial fixation in this condition. But modern investigations using MRI and CT show another explanations. Methods. A total of 10 patients aged 5 to 14 years with typical stiff neck with acute onset were studied by MRI in first 12 hours. Results. In all 10 investigations typical changes that disappeared in a few days were found. There were triangle or oblong high intensity zone near the external edges of backbone discs C2–C3 or C3–C4. The zones were always on the side where the patients felt pain. Conclusion. In our opinion, the main reason of the child's acute stiff-neck is a rapid or gradual strangulation of the vascularized tissue in uncovertebral zones in C2–C3, C3–C4 caused by a head movement or a neck's prolonged incurvationed position during a profound sleep. It causes a "wedge" of hydropic tissues that irritate the back longitudinal ligaments. As the result, a head has antalgic position and, in the most severe cases, is blocked.


This article presents the look and vision of a major player in building peace in Central America: Oscar Arias Sanchez, Nobel Peace Prize in 1987, who shared with the academic community experience allowing a glimpse of the main challenges faced by countries in the period of negotiation and post-conflict stage.


The article defines the criteria and principles of sustainable development titanium industry, we show that the criteria of sustainable development of the country and the industry are one. They are: – a decent standard of living and ensuring social security; – reduction of environmental stress; – economic efficiency, which is implemented in the industry based on the principles of environmental management and the development of economic ties. Considered and structured factors and trends that identify ways to implement the sustainable development of titanium industry through the establishment and operation of Regional I ndustrial Cluster "Titanium valley" special economic zone (SEZ).


In a previous article, we reviewed some of the key factors that postdoctoral candidates should do and avoid to secure an interview in a laboratory for a postdoctoral position (1). In this follow-up article, we asked successful Clinical Chemistry fellows and Commission on Accreditation in Clinical Chemistry (ComACC)3 program directors questions to supplement common-sense approaches to handling phone and in-person interviews for fellowship candidates and early-career professionals seeking their first "real" job.

The interviews consisted of 11 open-ended questions that were intended to capture the expectations of potential employers, the preparation necessary for an interview, and some questions that interviewees might expect to encounter. The ComACC program directors included the 2003 AACC president, Dr. Thomas Moyer; the 2010 AACC president, Dr. Catherine Hammett-Stabler; the 2011 AACC president, Dr. Ann Gronowski; and recently elected AACC board member Dr. David Grenache. Dr. Nader Rifai, Editor-in-Chief of Clinical Chemistry , also offered some helpful advice. Successful interviewees included SYCL (Society for Young Clinical Laboratorians) members Dr. Steven Cotten, Dr. Mark Cervinski, and Dr. Laura Parnas. The questions were divided into 4 categories: preparation, during the interview, postinterview follow-up, and faux pas to avoid (Table 1).

View this table:

Table 1. Words of wisdom from program directors and successful interviewees.

To prepare, successful interviewees all indicated that job seekers should know as much as they can about the place where they are interviewing and the people interviewing them. Applicants should read the job description thoroughly; if it indicates that a particularly specialty is required, then this specialty will indeed be required. Dr. Hammett-Stabler, Director of Clinical Chemistry, University of North Carolina, advises when applying for a job to "go to department's or business's web site and learn about it. Make sure you are going to be interested in doing the described job. Most importantly, do this before applying. Don't waste your time or theirs if you …


This paper discusses the efiect of measurement errors on the fault detection, fault isolation and control law reconflguration algorithms that Honeywell has been researching and developing together with NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) under NASA's Aviation Safety and Security Program. In our previous papers, we developed fault detection, fault isolation, pilot cueing and control law reconflguration algorithms for a civil transport aircraft, and evaluated the performance of our algorithms in piloted simulation in the Integration Flight Deck facility at NASA LaRC. However, we did not explicitly evaluate the efiect of measurement errors (that is, sensor noise, bias, and dynamics) on the performance of our algorithms. In this paper, we add sensor models to LaRC's simulation model and evaluate the performance of our algorithms in the presence of measurement errors. Each algorithm is analyzed separately, and is enhanced by redesigning and/or re-tuned as necessary. The key contribution is that we provide theoretical justiflcation for the architecture of our fault detection algorithm and discuss a systematic procedure for tuning its gains, and we adapt and re-tune our fault isolation algorithm so that it can cope with measurement errors. We also provide results from batch simulations that are representative of the achieved performance in the presence of imperfect measurements.


Oral English is always a weak point in adults' English learning.Reading aloud can help adult students remem- ber words,improve pronunciation,overcome their shyness as well as create real English atmosphere in their study.It is a good way for them to improve their oral English.Therefore,apart from proper training methods,reading aloud should be widely used in adults' English teaching and learning.


*Corresponding author: Safila Naveed, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan. Tel: 00923002621917 E-mails: email@example.com, email@example.com The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members.


Peat soils in the UK represent a significant long-term carbon store. Despite this the annual imbalance between uptake and release is small and susceptible to change in response to land management, atmospheric deposition and climate change. The shallow marginal peatlands of Exmoor, southwest England, have historically been subject to extensive drainage and are known to be vulnerable to future changes in climate as they lie at the southern edge of the ombrotrophic peatland climatic envelope. However little is known about the processes that drive CO2 fluxes from degraded Molinia caerulea dominated upland mires or the potential effect that restoration through drainage blocking will have. The Mires-on-the-Moors project (www.upstreamthinking.org), funded by South West Water aims to restore the eco-hydrological functionality to over 2000 hectares of drained mire by April 2015. We hypothesised that such mire restoration will return these upland mires to peat forming/carbon sequestering systems.


This paper describes the past and present status of nuclear (safeguards) education and training activities undertaken jointly in the European Commission's Research Centre. Starting from the original training requests formulated in the EURATOM Treaty, it is explained how the Joint Nuclear Research Centre (JRC) originally started to develop nuclear courses. Whereas nuclear safety is a national issue, safeguards are a supranational one. The JRC contributed to nuclear safety training seminars in collaboration with national organisms while providing its major expertise on reactor design safety and nuclear fuel safety. Contrary to the national training and education on nuclear safety, safeguards training remained a niche for the JRC in Europe and even with limited competition worldwide. The JRC has more than 30 years of experience in providing nuclear safeguards courses to inspectors. Moreover, the lack of safeguards in the academic curriculum of nuclear students has recently been tackled by the European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA) and filled with a course hosted at the JRC. Fostering a twofold technical-juridical education in the European Union (EU) is compliant with one of the original roles of the JRC described in the EURATOM Treaty and fits with the current view of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).


THIS IS THE PRINCIPAL VOLUME IN A SERIES OF FIVE GENERATED BY THE STUDY ENTITLED "A SURVEY OF COURT PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING PROBLEM DRINKERS CONVICTED OF DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED." IT COMPRISES A SERIES OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE USE OF ALL COURT PERSONNEL AND TREATMENT AGENCIES INTERESTED IN DEVISING IMPROVED METHODS OF HANDLING DRINKING DRIVERS. IT DEALS WITH ALL PHASES OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN DRINKING DRIVERS, COURTS, AND TREATMENT AGENCIES: PRE-ADJUDICATION, PROSECUTION, ARRAIGNMENT, TRAIL, PRE-SENTENCE INVESTIGATION, CHOICE OF PENALTY, IMPOSITION OF SANCTION, REFERRAL TO TREATMENT, MONITORING, FOLLOW-UP, AND EVALUATION OF TREATMENT REFERRALS. ITS OBJECTIVE IS TO ESTABLISH BASIC PRINCIPLES AND OUTLINE ALTERNATIVE CHOICES BY MEANS OF WHICH COURTS MAY DESIGN EFFECTIVE PROCEDURES SUITED TO THEIR OWN NEEDS AND RESOURCES. THE RECOMMENDATIONS ARE MADE ON THE BASIS OF INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THE FOUR ACCOMPANYING REFERENCE VOLUMES.


Considering that wastewater from camed food processing is highly concentrated organic wastewater,which can be biodegraded easily,the acid hydrolysis-anaerobic-aerobic process is adopted to treat it.It is indicated by the practical operation project that the process has high efficiency of treatment and stable water quality of effluent.The removal rates of COD,BOD,SS,colourity are up to 95.6%,98.6%,93.3%,94.6% respectively All indexes of effluent can meet the secondary standard in"Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard"(GB8978-1996).


This paper proposes a Local Energy Market using a P2P blockchain-powered marketplace where agents bilaterally trade energy after the consumption and production period, and not before, as usual in electricity market design. The EU and MIBEL regulatory framework for Renewable Energy Communities potentially creates space for such a market, but some improvements in the settlement procedures and agent's participation must be met.


Due to its high yield, resistance to drought,waterlodgging and saline-alkali soil, and multiple utilizations of its stalks and ears, sorghum is the leading crop for people in northern China. Since the beginning of 20th century, sorghum production in China has passed three stages of natural variety utilization, hybrids utilization and transformation of cultivation purposes. Sorghum breeding started at the beginning of 20th century when sorghum variety's collection, reservation and research conducted only in several research and education institutions. Since the 50s hybrid breeding was popular and many new varieties have been developed and widely applied in production. During 80s sorghum breeding came to a all-around development stage and started a new stage of transformation. The breeding emphysis turn into special purpose like brewing and feeding and corespondent purposes sorghum have been bred which plays an important role to brewing industry and animal farming.


This study analyses the oral production, specifically classroom presentations, of undergraduate university students of Portuguese in the state of Massachusetts, USA. The study is of particular relevance for several reasons. With a long history of immigration from continental and insular Portugal, Cape Verde, and more recently, Brazil, Massachusetts today boasts the second-largest number of Portuguese descendants in the U. S. (Castanho, 2009, p. 57). This makes Portuguese the second most widely spoken foreign language in the state after Spanish, and consequently, a language commonly taught in colleges and universities throughout the state.

Students embarking on university study of a foreign language in the U. S., especially in the intermediate to advanced levels, face an array of obstacles, many of them linked to using language in new ways. This is particularly relevant in the case of Portuguese. Biber refers to a "slew of requirements and other expectations that students must figure out," i.e., language functions associated with situations that occur in educational institutions and settings and "course requirements as specified in syllabi or describe in class sessions" (2006, p. 1). In the foreign language classroom, perhaps the most obvious of these is academic discourse, i.e., the language of academic research and books as well as course lectures and classroom presentations.

Existing research on the use of Portuguese for academic purposes in the U. S. is relatively scant. While Portuguese for specific purposes has been an area of pedagogical concern (see Kelm & Risner, 2007), such research focuses primarily on the use of business Portuguese in university courses and not on Portuguese academic discourse per se. One may speculate that, due to its limited distribution, American university students of Portuguese arrive in the classroom with little prior academic exposure to the language. However, much like Spanish, the most widely spoken minority language in the U. S., one soon discovers a dichotomy between heritage learners and non-heritage learners of Portuguese in Massachusetts. It is hoped that this description of academic language among these two seemingly diverse groups of learners will generate further research in the growing field of Portuguese language pedagogy in the U. S.