Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is one of the most commonly performed procedures in orthopaedic sports medicine. Despite developments in understanding the anatomy and biomechanics of the knee joint, a fairly large subset of patients has ACLR failure. Outcomes after revision ACLR are historically inferior to primary ACLR. Thus, a systematic approach is necessary to identify all potential causes of failure and addressing them in conjunction with a revision ACLR to mitigate the risk of revision failure and to maximise improved patient outcomes.


Increasing concerns over the release of mercury into the environment call for a cleaner production process in the chlor-alkali industry. Conventional discounted cash flow (DCF) appraisal does not account for the inherent strategic value of the project. Based on real optiontheory, this paper develops an evaluation model for estimating the threshold and timing that trigger a process retrofit project under environmental uncertainty. After conducting numerical and sensitivity analyses on significant factors that affect corporate process retrofit behavior, we have demonstrated that in the current environment and under current regulations, there are insufficient incentives to encourage firms to retrofit the mercury cell process, other than a significant increase in the environmental costs and/or strict enforcement of the current environmental policy. For a process that persistently emits toxic pollutants, it would be hoped that companies took a more socially responsible approach when considering the option of a process retrofdit.


In clinical practice there are endocrine diseases with symptoms of dysfunction of multiple endocrine glands. The most common cause of multiple pathology is an autoimmune disorder of two or more endocrine glands. This paper focuses on basic genetic, immunological and clinical manifestations of polyglandular autoimmune syndromes, based on the experience of native and foreign authors with the aim of improving the diagnosis of this pathology.


Teenage pregnancy in South African communities is on the increase and poses serious socio-economic and health problems. Several factors contribute to teenagers engaging in sexual activities at school. Thus, the aim of the study was to explore the psychosocial effects of teenage pregnancy on high school learners in the Vryheid District, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province. To achieve this, a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was used to conduct the study. Naturalist paradigm that was adopted by the researcher is naturalist as participants were sharing their experiences and their realities were interpreted to find the underlying meaning of the events and activities. The study was conducted at two high schools at eMondlo township in Vryheid District. The selected population of this was grade 12, female high school learners. The study employed both purposive and snowballing sampling techniques. Semi - structured interviews were used to collect data from learners who are currently pregnant and those that were pregnant previously. The sample consisted of 18 learners who were interviewed for the study and data was analysed by using thematic analysis. Themes that emerged from the study are lack of support and stigma, self-judgement, mental health well-being, physical health, interruption of education, resilience and training, skills, and support. Teenage pregnancy is one of the psychosocial problems that teenagers experience and poses many challenges in their well-being. Furthermore, these challenges contributed to drop-out and poor performance at school. Physical health is a threatening concern amongst pregnant learners as well as access to health care services. Thus, schools, the Department of Education, parents, and communities must play a critical role in ensuring that interventions and prevention strategies are put in place to address teenage pregnancy in schools.


Hyperspectral remote sensing images for "mixed pixel" issue,on the basis of previous studies,we propose a combination of blind source separation techniques blind separation of mixed pixel model.The model's core algorithm is based on negative entropy HFC algorithm and improved FastICA algorithm,the advantage is the ability to very little prior knowledge can be carried unmixing complete feature extraction work,and fast convergence and high precision.Simulated data using hyperspectral data processing noise were tested blind separation of mixed pixel model validity and stability,the experimental results showed that:Million by the end of the model to extract the influence of the number of Gaussian white noise and less impact on the feature extraction of hyperspectral remote sensing data validity and stability.


During the years 1999 and 2000, the Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), managed a competition and a selection process for a new speech coding standard for CDMA applications. The new speech coding standard, which is coined Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV), will become a service option in CDMA systems such as IS-95 and cdma2000, providing a higher quality, flexibility, and capacity over the existing speech coding service options, IS-96C, IS-127, and IS-733. Eight companies submitted candidates to selection phase. For all of the 36 test conditions, the Conexant SMV candidate was ranked at the top, or was statistically equivalent to other top-ranking candidates. The Conexant SMV candidate was chosen as the core speech coding technology for the SMV system. This paper describes the SMV algorithm developed by Conexant.


PURPOSE: To obtain an inexpensive, this and light-weight thin-film package for a semiconductor device. CONSTITUTION: A semiconductor device 10 is held between two upper and lower resin thin films 12, 13, and airtight seal is formed by ultrasonic bonding so that an external connection lead 11 extrudes.


Rogier studied medicine in Leiden. As a research student he visited Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, Department of Neuropathology (Prof. C.S. Raine), working on the project 'Oligodendrocyte proliferation and remyelination in chronic relapsing autoimmune encephalomyelitis'. After his training in medicine, he performed his PhD training at the Department of Clinical (Viro-) Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Blood Transfusion Service (CLB, now Sanquin), at the University of Amsterdam. He finished his PhD cum laude in 1994 with his thesis: 'CD27: Marker and Mediator of T-cell activation. Studies in healthy individuals and MS patients'. In 1994, he started his residency in Neurology at the Department of Neurology at Leiden Academic Hospital and later at the Free University Hospital in Amsterdam for special training in multiple sclerosis (MS). In 1995, he was registered as an immunologist. He attended a postdoctoral fellowship at the Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Prof. D. Paty) in 1997.


With warmth index,coldness index,humidity index,mean annual precipitation,minimum temperature in January,and maximum temperature in July as environmental variables,and by using a GIS-based Logistic regression model,this paper simulated the potential distribution of the forest in northern China and their responses to climate change.The accuracy of the simulation is evaluated by sensitivity,specificity,the percentage of correctness.The sensitivity of the species changed from 81%to 92%,the specificity changed from 82%to 92%and the percentage of correctness changed from 82%to 92%.The results showed that, in the future climate conditions(2071-2100),there is a wide range of transfer to the distribution of the forest in northern China.The coverage of evergreen needle-leaved forest increased 15.2%.The coverage of deciduous needle-leaved forest,mixed leaf forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest decreased 71.7%,32.1%, 86.7%,respectively.


This paper proposed an approach for analyzing surface modification of nanoparticles based on atomic force microscopy (AFM). The work was carried out on unmodified gold nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles coated with a protein shell (a conjugate of gold
nanoparticles and immunoglobulin G). The proposed analysis of surface modification of gold nanoparticles consists of the registration of force curves, which reflect the dependences of the deflection of the beam of the AFM probe when interacting with the surface from moving the cantilever in the vertical direction. The elastic modulus and the force of the interaction between the probe and the modified or unmodified surface of the nanoparticles are proposed as the parameters characterizing the modification. Significant differences were obtained between the unmodified and modified gold nanoparticles using the AFM method in the spectroscopy mode.


Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women and the leading cause of female deaths from cancer worldwide. Microcalcifications, small crystals of calcium apatites, are considered the first sign of breast cancer. Since microcalcifications are small and have different shapes and low contrast, they can be easily missed or misinterpreted by radiologists. For these reasons, automatic image processing systems are being developed to make the diagnostic process easier for radiologists. In this work, we present a computer-based automated approach for segmentation and classification of breast microcalcifications in mammograms using discrete wavelet transform and random forest (DWT-RF). The proposed approach was tested on 966 images (322 benign, 322, malignant, and 322 normal) from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography. The results indicate that DWT-RF achieves a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 97%, a false positive rate of 3%, an accuracy of 95%, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.92, which are comparable in terms of accuracy to state-of-the-art methods and other existing classifiers.


Machine learning components are essential for today's software systems, causing a need to adapt traditional software engineering practices when developing machine-learning-based systems. This need is pronounced due to many development-related challenges of machine learning components such as asset, experiment, and dependency management. Recently, many asset management tools addressing these challenges have become available. It is essential to understand the support such tools offer to facilitate research and practice on building new management tools with native supports for machine learning and software engineering assets. This article positions machine learning asset management as a discipline that provides improved methods and tools for performing operations on machine learning assets. We present a feature-based survey of 18 state-of-practice and 12 state-of-research tools supporting machine-learning asset management. We overview their features for managing the types of assets used in machine learning experiments. Most state-of-research tools focus on tracking, exploring, and retrieving assets to address development concerns such as reproducibility, while the state-of-practice tools also offer collaboration and workflow-execution-related operations. In addition, assets are primarily tracked intrusively from the source code through APIs and managed via web dashboards or command-line interfaces (CLIs). We identify asynchronous collaboration and asset reusability as directions for new tools and techniques.


SPECTRAL CONVERSION OF LIGHT USING CADMIUM SELENIUM ZINC SULFIDE CORE SHELL QUANTUM DOTS TO INCREASE THE EFFICENCY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS By Dan Madrid Marrujo Photovoltaics harness energy emitted from the sun. When the sun's energy is absorbed by a photovoltaic cell array, photons of light are converted into current. The amount of current produced by a photovoltaic cell is calculated by the difference between the energy of the incoming photon and the energy required for an electron to travel across the band gap of the photovoltaic cell. Traditional solar cells are commonly manufactured from silicon, which have a bandgap energy of 1.1 eV. If the photon's energy is equal to or greater than the band gap of silicon, electrons are excited from the valence band to the conduction band. Electron excitation between these respective bands enables current flow within the photovoltaic cell. Increasing the number ofphotons energies equal to the bandgap of the photovoltaic material will increase the amount of current produced. The objective of this research was to explore the utilization of quantum dots to increase the amount oflight collected by a silicon-based photovoltaic cell. Although the electromagnetic spectrum of the sun is broadband, only a finite portion of the spectrum can be harnessed by current solar cell technology. For example, the excess energy ofultraviolet light, when compared to the bandgap of silicon, is generally lost to thermalization; which prevents current production. Therefore the range of the electromagnetic spectrum that is available to a solar cell for electric current is limited. One mechanism to increase the efficiency of solar cells is to increase the electromagnetic spectrum collected.


This paper proposes SOPSys, a decentralized, self-organizing peer-to-peer architecture. The overlay network is extremely scalable being organized as a well balanced multi-way tree according to the trust value of each peer. The root is only responsible for maintaining and publishing a list of existing nodes and does not take part into the joining or routing process. The joining algorithm preserves the balance of the tree, guaranteeing a reduced join and discovery cost. The number of exchanged messages for these phases is logarithmic time: O(log_k(N)), where k represents the branching factor of the overlay tree, and N represents the total number of nodes. The conducted experiments have proven that the joining algorithm assures that the overlay tree is well balanced and thus offers high scalability.


Digital media technology has become an increasing part of daily life. The paper suggested on the efficient e-book design and application. The purpose of the study was to design and test interactive e-book for academic language learning on language minority (LM) students. The researcher conducted an experiment with a total of 54 third-grade LM students (age 8-9). The experimental classroom had 28 LM students who learned by using the interactive e-book. The control classroom had 26 LM students who learned by using the printed book. Testing took place over a period of 4 weeks. The interactive e-book had two primary modes including the automatic and manual mode. Each mode consisted of options and interactive features according to natural approach principles. Results of testing showed that the LM students' improvement after learning with interactive e-book. The experimental group performed significantly better in story comprehension skill than the control group. Based on the results, further study of interactive e-book enhanced language learning is also suggested and discussed.


Based on the definition and the mechanism of dried layer of soil. It analyzed the mechanism from four aspects including climate, soil, vegetation and mankind. In addition, some fields were suggested to be study in the future.


Vatarakta is a disease which is encountered in the population leading to a sedentary lifestyle. The change in lifestyle is the main cause of many diseases, Vatrakta being one of these. Based on the causes, signs and symptoms, Vatarakta may be correlated to gouty arthritis in modern medicine. Gout is an abnormality of purine metabolism that causes hyperuricemia and deposition of monosodium urate crystal. Its prevalence has increased across the globe.2.1 million people are affected with gout worldwide. In India, it has been reported that the prevalence of gout is 2-6 per 1000. It is a potential signal for unrecognized co- morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and renal diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore and find out an effective, inexpensive, easily available and well accepted drug with minimal or no complications for this dreadful condition. 30 patients who were diagnosed with Vatarakta w.s.r Gouty Arthritis were allocated randomly into 2 groups. The test drug i.e., Bodhi vriksh twak kashaya 50ml B.I.D with Madhu was given to 15 patients of group A. The standard drug Amritaadikwath 50ml B.I.D, which was given to 15 patients of group B. The course of treatment was 60 days. Subjective parameters were assessed before and after the treatment as per the grade score. Serum uric acid was done before trial and on completion of trial i.e., 60th day. Data obtained during the trial was tabulated and statistically analyzed.


The problem of torsional harmonic vibration of circular surface and embedded foundations on cross‐anisotropic elastic half space is considered. Solution is achieved by proper transformations involving geometric and material parameters, similar to that used in studying seepage through hydraulically anisotropic soils. Parametric results for dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients are presented in the form of formulas and graphs which may be readily used in practical applications.


For more than a decade the Regents of the State of New York have recommended that public and association libraries in the state become public library districts with independent taxing authority. The Regents contend that such districts are preferable for several reasons, in particular for more reliable and higher per capita funding for library services. This study, using data provided by the New York State Education Department, examined the funding of all public libraries in New York during a ten-year period. The study found that while public library districts did demonstrate more reliable funding over time, they did not see improved per capita funding as compared to other library types found in the state.


Introducing the concept 'New Slovak Documentarism', the study examines contemporary Slovak docufictions, with its direct foundations laid by the so-called 'Generation '90' (Generácia 90). Firstly, the essay argues that the era of change of Slovak cinema did not begin in 1989, and as a next step it contextualizes ''New Slovak Documentarism' in a broader international film historical context. Subsequently, the paper keeps track of the transformation of non-fiction documentary into fiction film through Môj pes Killer and Eva Nová. Finally, it examines the capacity of contemporary Slovak cinema for international dialogue through the possibility of adapting postcolonial (film) theory, and tests it on Slovak Roma-themed films in Zvonky šťastia and Cigáni idú do volieb. The author concludes that the movement regenerated Slovak cinema, so it can be called the 'Second Slovak New Wave'.


Change in the carrying angle of the elbow after supracondylar fractures of the humerus is caused by medial or lateral angulation of the distal fragment.
The angulation may be obscured on roentgenograms, but it is obvious to inspection of the posterior surface of the elbow in the flexed position.
The angulation at the fracture site is easily observed, corrected, and controlled when the fracture is treated by means of skeletal traction with the arm over the body.


Ozone pollution is currently a serious environmental issue in China. Most of studies have attributed the surface ozone pollution over China to the strong photochemical production from anthropogenic sources. As another important source of tropospheric ozone, the stratospheric intrusion (SI), however, has been less concerned. This study investigates the SI events over the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China using the newest ERA5 (the fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis) meteorological and ozone data, the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) ozone profiles and the station-based ground-level ozone measurements. Results indicate that SI plays important roles in spring and summer ozone pollution episodes over the Yangtze River Delta, eastern China. Based on CAM-Chem (the Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry) and LPDM (Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Modeling) model simulations, we found that deep SIs contribute ~15 ppbv in spring and ~10 ppbv in summer to surface ozone variations in eastern China. A deep SI event occurred in 2018 spring associated with a strong horizontal-trough, which brought ozone-rich air from the stratosphere to the troposphere and resulted in severe surface ozone pollution over the Yangtze River Delta. From 7-year statistics, we found that strong SI events during summer are associated with a cyclonic valley between the South Asian High and the Subtropical High, accompanied by downward fast transport of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere. Our results provide important information for surface ozone prediction and control in eastern China.


A nitrogen producing apparatus equipped in a marine structure and a nitrogen producing method in the marine structure by using the same are provided to utilize the nitrogen producing apparatus in the marine structure having a narrow space by using LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas) as a refrigerant for the nitrogen producing apparatus, by bypassing LNG and to secure the small volume and a simple process. A nitrogen producing apparatus is installed in a floating type marine structure having LNG regasification equipment for compressing LNG contained in a storing tank, by a high pressure pump(13), vaporizing the LNG by the natural gas in a vaporizer(14), and then supplying the vaporized LNG to each place. The nitrogen producing apparatus produces nitrogen to be mixed in the natural gas regasified and supplied to each place. The nitrogen producing apparatus secures cold heat needed to produce nitrogen, by using LNG fed from the storing tank.


Satellite passive microwave observations can provide unique mesoscale (25 km) information on snowpack properties; however, the mountainous terrain of the upper Colorado River basin compounds the difficulty of the problem. Nevertheless, observations of this region from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) have provided unique, synoptic, mesoscale snowpack information from 1979 to 1987 on the snowpack extent. For this nine-year period, the SMMR 18 and 37 GHz brightness temperature observations, combined to form a parameter called NGR, show the average maximum snowpack extent covers 70% of the basin and occurs on water year day 130 (mid-February). The minimum snowpack extent took place in 1981 and covered 35% of the basin. The maximum snowpack extent took place in 1979 and covered 99% of the basin. Summation of the NGR values from each SMMR mesoscale pixel within the basin provides an index of the regional snowpack properties on both an intra- and inter-annual basis and exhibits behavior similar to the snowpack extent. When compared to the nine-year average, 1981 is the minimum year and 1979 is the maximum year. Furthermore, the sum over the basin of the annual maximum NGR from each pixel correlates with the annual discharge, r = 0.6. This correlation increases to 0.8 when digital elevation data are used to characterize each SMMR pixel and only the April through July discharge is used in the regression. Hence, this study combines the small scale elevation data with the mesoscale SMMR observations to investigate the basin-wide or regional snowpack characteristics and its hydrology.


A compact laser opto-electronic correlator for pattern recognition has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Specifically it is a translation sensitivity adjustable compact optical correlator (TSACOC) utilizing convergent laser beams for the holographic filter. Its properties and performance, including the location of the correlation peak and the effects of lateral and longitudinal displacements for both filters and input images, are systematically analyzed based on the nonparaxial approximation for the reference beam. The theoretical analyses have been verified in experiments. In applying the TSACOC to important practical problems including fingerprint identification, we have found that the tolerance of the system to the input lateral displacement can be conveniently increased by changing a geometric factor of the system. The system can be compactly packaged using the miniature laser diode sources and can be used in space by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and ground commercial applications which include robotic vision, and industrial inspection of automated quality control operations. The personnel of Standard International will work closely with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to transfer the technology to the commercial market. Prototype systems will be fabricated to test the market and perfect the product. Large production will follow after successful results are achieved.


The configurational properties of polymer chains in dilute solution and at an interface are treated in terms of the three independent orthogonal components of the radius of gyration. The distribution functions used are found to satisfactorily represent the dilute solution behavior and are in appropriate form for dealing with the interface. Although the general case cannot be solved, the treatment includes thermodynamically good solvents and solvents at the θ temperature as well as strong and weak polymer—surface interactions.


Abstract. The populations of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), which were vulnerable until the early 20th century, have recently recovered. However, this recovery process has rarely been hailed as a conservation success, because it has triggered serious conflicts between people and the macaques. The key exacerbating causes of the conflicts have been the drastic changes in the interrelations between the people, forests, and macaques, as well as the unprecedented social changes in modern Japan (i.e., nationwide depopulation). The aim of this review was to illustrate the bigger picture of these conflicts, by untangling the key root causes, and presenting the outcomes of previous macaque management efforts, which have rarely been presented to the global scientific community. Although recently acquired knowledge regarding macaque management has the potential to support the development of future solutions for the human-macaque conflicts, inadequate responses to the key causes of the physical and psychological hollowing-out of communities across Japan, should be understood as a limiting factor for conflict resolution. This review demonstrates the significance of seeking a resolution for this problem under a wider framework, in order to restructure community designs to be appropriate for the new era of shrinking communities.


The impact on economic entity by the stock market is increasingly apparent,in which transmit money policy is one. This paper,from the two aspects of intermediate target and terminal target in the monetary policy,explicated the mechanism of the monetary conduction policy theoretically,followed by the detailed analysis the functional effect that China stock market had had on money supply,credit channel,investment and consumption.A complete illustration of the monetary conduction policy and the relevant effectiveness are reached and find the latter is low.Based on the above,the author puts forward his relevant proposals.


Single-mother students on welfare are a small, unique demographic in insti-tutions of higher education. My preliminary research shows that, more often then not, social service caseworkers use discretion to impede, rather than support, single-mother students in pursuit of higher education—especially in the post Welfare Reform Act era. In recent years, a plethora of scholarly literature has been conducted on the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 [1, 2, 4] that highlights Temporary Aid for Needy Families' (TANF) disallowance for welfare-to-work plans to incorporate higher education [3]. However, much of this work has focused on the mainland, thus creating a dearth of literature on Hawai'i's ad-justment to welfare reform policies. My project fills this gap by asking how TANF guidelines are being implemented in Hawai'i, specifically on the island of Maui. In my Interdisciplinary Studies Field Major (ISF) thesis, I combine my own research with previous data in order to conduct a qualitative study of the academic trajectory of single mother students on welfare pursuing higher education on Maui. My research question is: how are single-mothers supported or discouraged throughout their experiences as students and welfare recipients? By critically assessing the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 as the legal framing of the contemporary "welfare to workfare" [4] ideology, I investigate how imple-mentations of this statutory law create bureaucratic controlling processes and moralist state gatekeepers. This project ethnographically illustrates (1) the his-toric defederalization of the welfare system, (2) the feminization of poverty, and (3) the ethos of discretionary practices from a postcolonial perspective.


Black Swan is a psychological horror movie by Darren Aronofsky. This movie tells of a ballerina named Nina Sayers, who desires to be a perfect ballerina. On her way to achieving her desire, Nina experiences psychological problems where she often hallucinates and even hurts herself. It results from Nina's anxiety that causes her to be afraid that her desire will not be fulfilled. This article aims to examine Nina's psychological state during the process of achieving her dreams. To reveal the psychological issues experienced by Nina, a characteristic analysis was carried out using Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the theory of human defense mechanisms, and the cinematographic aspects of this film. The results showed that uncontrolled desires could cause psychological disorders that influence a person's characteristics.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) HCG18 on cell multiplication and invasion of osteosarcoma.

METHODS
MTT assay and transwell assay were used for cell multiplication and invasion, respectively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot were used to determine transcriptional and translational expression. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the specific target relationships.

RESULTS
The expression of LncRNA HCG18 was dramatically increased in osteosarcoma cells compared to the normal tissues. LncRNA-HCG18 accelerated cell multiplication and invasion in vitro, which was achieved by down-regulating the overexpression of miR-148b, and down-regulating ETV5, indicating combination of ETV5 and miR-148b in osteosarcoma. Overexpression of ETV5 could reverse the inhibitory effect of knockout of lncRNA HCG18 on cell multiplication and invasion.

CONCLUSION
LncRNA HCG18 acted as a sponge of miR-148b and played an oncogenic role in osteosarcoma, providing therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.


In this paper, Microstrip Ring Resonators are designed on different substrates and evaluated. For designing a microstrip ring resonator it is very important to figure out the radius of the resonator and its mean, the length and feed lines width at a certain operating frequency. The designing of the microstrip ring resonator is done using HFSS and result is obtained on the basis of S-parameter studies. The effect of substrate material on s-parameters of the ring resonator has been evaluated.


The utilization of coproducts is a strategy that can be applied to increase the economic and environmental performance of industrial processes and thus reach an objective targeted in several environmental policies. In multi-output production processes, allocation needs to be performed to assess the products' environmental and economic performance. It is crucial to choose an adequate allocation method, because this choice has been shown to strongly influence overall outcomes. Consequently, rash choices can lead to poor decision-making. Various ways to apply and combine allocation methods can be found in the academic literature, but it is often difficult to find sufficient guidance on how to choose an allocation method for a specific context. This study explores practitioners' perceptions of the cost and environmental impact allocation methods used in biorefinery development (lignin, fiber fines) by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Results indicate that professional background represents a major factor influencing individual preferences and, thus, the selection of specific allocation methods. Policy makers should be aware that practitioners with different professional backgrounds have varying preferences for different allocation methods and that this influences the overall assessments. These factors, in turn, affect the interpretation of results, further decision-making and, ultimately, the realization of environmentally sound and economically viable biorefinery projects. This issue deserves more attention in biorefineries, but also in other multi-output production processes. The findings indicate a need to consider multidisciplinary, diverse views and knowledge when conducting such assessments and to display the underlying approaches transparently.


Songzi River is the main tributary that distributes Jingjiang to Dongting Lake.Because there are many forks which disperse the flow,the river channel is silting,and the flood situation is becoming worse.Thus blocking forks combined with dredging is one option of river regulation measures.By using visualized sediment transport model of river networks,the plan to block the middle reach forks combined with dredging the middle fork is studied in this paper.The research result reveals that the plan will not raise the upstream water level and keep the down stream water level nearly the same,the dredged river channel can be maintained for a long time,and the blocking and dredging measure is feasible.


This Second Phase of the Infrastructure and Local Development Project of Gabon aims to improve sustainable access to infrastructure for the people of nine (9) cities, including residents of disadvantaged and/or insecure neighborhoods; to improve the business and financial environment for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by strengthening their technical and management skills; and to strengthen and reform municipalities to improve their operational capacity, and governance to better prepare them for decentralization. However, the completion of urban infrastructure and services in disadvantaged areas of target cities, although very important for the people and for the country, is likely to lead to negative social impacts in terms of land acquisition leading to physical or economic displacement of persons, and/or the loss of homes, crops and/or loss of income sources or restrictions on access to resources and therefore require the enforcement of some measures, triggering operational procedures and guidelines for the protection of people. To anticipate any possible negative impacts resulting from the project implementation, the preparation of a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) was required in order to clarify the rules applicable to the identification and compensation/compensation of people who might be affected by the implementation of the project activities. The potential negative social impacts of the project will result mainly from the rehabilitation of access and urban mobility infrastructure and micro-equipment (paving of main streets and side streets); construction of basic community service infrastructure (schools, health center, market, bus station etc.); construction of sanitation, water and electricity supply networks, and establishing erosion control mechanisms , and related accidents prevention systems in the context of controlling degradation factors of the living environment. Negative social impacts mainly relate to loss of land, crops, fruit trees and/or forest, income sources and livelihoods (drainage, sanitation, water, electricity and health and education facilities in specific low-income neighborhoods, while also improving land erosion control, markets and collective facilities for the broader population) because the targeted sites are in urban or suburban areas. Overall, the risks of physical displacement of people are relatively considerable. These potential impacts will be permanent and will be minimized through appropriate choice of sites.


In this article, the author conducts an empirical diagnosis of managers' views and perceptions in the context of use of information obtained from marketing research in decision-making processes. It is argued that decision makers who take charge of management, despite their strong declarations and beliefs about the potential and usefulness of information in decisions, in reality prefer solutions based on intuition and irrational thinking. Therefore, the objective of the conducted study is to explore mechanisms of such paradoxes. However, through empirical research, the author endeavored to find the answers associated with the specific factors that are likely to favor such an unreasonable thinking and activities undertaken by managers in decision-making processes. Based on the sample (N = 213), which contained mainly information users, it was confirmed that managers, faced with a difficulty of information processing (e.g., due to information overloading problems and requirements of analytical thinking), or narrow cognitive capacities, limited memory, and strong reliance on personal experience, look for much simpler solutions in decision making. They preferably move toward the irrational sphere of making choices. Thus, the information, obtained from research, that is available to managers is rather neglected instead of being closely inspected (scrutinized). Moreover, the greater the surprise in information derived from marketing research (i.e., the wider is the discrepancy between the value of information provided by analysts and managers' expectations), the greater their inclination to reject any information and much greater exposure toward irrational thinking in decision making. As a matter of fact, the problems associated with information adaptation in decisions, as well as the problems of analytical thinking, put the question mark over the entire usefulness of information and further deliberate conducting of the marketing research.


Over the last two decades, researchers have placed increasing attention on understanding how food allergy affects the health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and psychosocial well‐being of children and teens. In response, a number of reviews have been published that aim at synthesizing the literature. However, many of these papers focus narrowly on HRQL or suffer from methodological limitations.


Monocytes are recruited to the material surface of an implanted biomedical device recognizing it as a foreign body. Differentiation into macrophages subsequently occurs followed by fusion to form foreign body giant cells (FBGCs). Consequently, implants can become degraded, cause chronic inflammation or become isolated by fibrous encapsulation. In this study, a relationship between material surface chemistry and the FBGC response was demonstrated by seeding mature monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) on polycarbonate‐based polyurethanes that differed in their chemical structures (synthesized with poly(1,6‐hexyl 1,2‐ethyl carbonate) diol, and either 14C‐hexane diisocyanate and butanediol (BD) (referred to as HDI) or 4,4′‐methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate and 14C‐BD (referred to as MDI)) and material degradation assessed. At 48 h of cell‐material interaction, the FBGC attached to HDI were more multinucleated (73%) compared to MDI or the polystyrene (PS) control (21 and 36%, respectively). There was a fivefold increase in the synthesis and secretion of a protein with an approximate molecular weight of 48 kDa and a pI of 6.1 (determined by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis) only from cells seeded on HDI. Immunoprecipitation confirmed that MSE and CE were synthesized and secreted de novo. Immunoblotting also showed an increase in secreted monocyte‐specific esterase (MSE) and cholesterol esterase (CE) from cells seeded on HDI relative to PS and MDI. Significantly more radiolabel (14C) release and esterase activity were elicited by MDMs on HDI than MDI (P < 0.05). The material that was more degradable (HDI), elicited greater protein synthesis and esterase secretion as well as more multinucleated MDMs than MDI, suggesting that the material surface chemistry modulates the function of MDM at the site of an inflammatory response to an implanted device. J. Cell. Physiol. 199: 8–19, 2004© 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This paper reports on two cases of incarcerated congenital diaphragmatic hernia presenting as intestinal obstruction without any signs or symptoms or respiratory tract illness.


1Mtech. Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore, Karnataka, India 2Associate Professor of Department for Computer Science and Engineering, Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT The fast increment of autos the need to discover accessible parking spot in the most productive way, to dodge activity clog in a stopping territory, is turning into a need in auto stop administration. ADAS structure offers assistance to the driver and makes progress driving foundation. Current auto stop administration is subject to either human work force monitoring the accessible auto stop spaces or a sensor based framework the establishment and support cost of a sensor construct framework is reliant with respect to the quantity of sensors utilized as a part of an auto stop. The picture division calculation utilized with the expectation of complimentary space identification. Vision based framework that can distinguish and demonstrate the accessible parking spots by utilizing camera in vehicle.


High-status outgroups tend to be stereotyped as competent, while low-status groups tend to be stereotyped as incompetent. These stereotypes provide legitimacy to hierarchical social systems. However, research to date has tended to focus on the socio-structural correlates and cross-cultural stability of these stereotypes, emphasising universality over malleability. The current research demonstrates that, although strong, the association between status and competence, but not status and warmth, is moderated by ideological beliefs and attitudes towards inequality. In two studies, participants high in belief in a just world (BJW) or social dominance orientation (SDO) were more likely than those low in BJW or SDO to view a high-status target as more competent than a low-status target. Findings support the view that status stereotypes justify social inequalities, and demonstrate that they are sensitive to ideological orientations. Implications for theory and research on status and power stereotypes are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The possibility to refurbish and modernize older steam power plants by in-line connection of gas turbines, creates additional and cost-favourable capacities. These combined gas/steam turbine processes excell by high thermodynamic efficiencies and conversion rates. Higher turbine inlet temperatures, pressure conditions and sequential combustion have in the last years made it possible to further increase the efficiencies and conversion rates for electricity and heat generation. In the meantime, also small-size combined cycle plants and plants with heat extraction are in a position to increasingly penetrate the deregulated European electricity and heat market. The paper will outline the optimization potential of combined process and put it up for discussion.


Objective: To explore the standard of nursing records of critical patients. Methods: 362 nursing records of critical patients have been investigated. Results: the reasons for deficiencies have been found and countermeasures have been proposed. Conclusion: The quality control of nursing records of critical patients should be strengthen in order to standardize nursing record and prevent nursing dispute.


An initial study of manipulated electric motor design to produce one axis thrust force without rotation was conducted. A cylindrical electromagnetic propulsion system has a diameter of 75 mm and a height of 90 mm made of ST 60 steel was tested. The system has a coil as conductor carrying current to produce thrust force and a coil to produce magnetic flux in its inner part. There were three windings of coils producing forces have effective diameter of 32 mm that were varied in their loops distance. The coil producing magnetic flux has 148 windings of 1 mm isolated cable on ferrite core. The thrust forces produced by the specimen were tested by measuring its weight change when one of or both of the coils were opened and/or closed circuit.


SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) was a scanning nadir and limb spectrometer covering the wavelength range from 212 nm to 2386 nm in 8 channels. It is a joint project of Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium and was launched in February 2002 on the ESA's ENVISAT platform. After the platform failure in April 2012, the space Agencies continue to support the operational product evolution in the frame of the SCIAMACHY Quality Working Group and Expert Support Laboratory.. Note that SCIAMACHYs originally specified in-orbit lifetime was twice the planned lifetime. The instrument was designed to measure column densities and vertical profiles of trace gas species in the troposphere, in the stratosphere and in the mesosphere (Bovensmann et al., 1999). It can detect a wide range of trace gases and can provide information about aerosols and clouds.
For the next Level 1 processor several improvements that concern the SWIR products CH4 and CO are planned like a better dark correction, an improved spectral calibration and a better bad pixel mask. Using the BIRRA (the Beer InfraRed Retrieval Algorithm)retrieval scheme which is also the basis of the operational processing, we will analyse the impact of the various Level 1 improvements on the CH4 and CO products. The results of this sensitivity study will be shown in this contribution.


The invention provides a three-dimensional road surface detecting system. The three-dimensional road surface detecting system comprises a linear laser scanning sensor, an acceleration sensor, a data acquisition card, a position sensing system and a computer unit, which are all arranged on a vehicle, wherein the computer unit is connected with the linear laser scanning sensor, the data acquisition card and the position sensing system respectively, the acceleration sensor is connected with the data acquisition card, the linear laser scanning sensor acquires elevation information of the cross section of a road surface preliminarily and continuously, the acceleration sensor acquires three-dimensional acceleration information of the vehicle in all directions during running and transmits the information to the computer unit through a data interface, and the computer unit acquires the acceleration information measured by the acceleration sensor through the data acquisition card. The three-dimensional road surface detecting system has the characteristics of high road surface recognition precision, high system precision, automation and high efficiency.


At present,the optimization algorithm used in system static voltage stability margin calculation can't meet the real-time requirements very well.For this reason,a new method of static voltage stability margin calculation based on immune/tabu search hybrid algorithm is proposed in this paper.This method combines adaptive immune algorithm and tabu search algorithm.Through improved continuation power flow,the maximum static voltage stability margin of system can be quickly and accurately achieved by the hybrid algorithm.To a certain extent,the proposed method has higher efficiency than traditional optimization algorithms.The performance of the hybrid algorithm is evaluated by simulations on IEEE 30-bus system.Comparing the simulation results with genetic/tabu search hybrid algorithm and immune algorithm show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.


Objective To investigate the clinical application of amniotic sac in predicting the pregnancy outcome of early pregnancy.Methods Patients in our hospital and Guangdong Tongjiang Hospital from June 2012 to March 2014 were examined by transvaginal ultrasonography and who choose to continue pregnancy pregnant as the object of study.The epidemiology of nested case-control study method would be used to study.The pregnancy with 6-28 weeks used with ultrasound examination embryo or spontaneous abortion of pregnant women as abnormal pregnancy group.The others with ultrasonography of normal embryonic development of pregnant women were as normal pregnancy group.We use the retrospective study to analyse pregnant women at 6-10 weeks occurred during ultrasound examination of the amniotic sac,yolk sac,the gestational sac,crown-rump length abnormal rate,to explore the amniotic sac,yolk sac,the gestational sac,crown-rump length and embryonic development,so as to evaluate the amniotic sac in early pregnancy outcome prediction in.Results With the history of menopause group,the gestational sac size of normal pregnancy,gestational sac full,round or oval,the amniotic sac diameter close to the CRL,and the average diameter of yolk sac in 3-8 mm.Abnormal pregnancy gestational sac size does not meet the menopause history,gestational sac larger,smaller,irregular or jagged,yolk sac abnormality,after 8 weeks,no fetal heart,inevitable abortion,embryonic development stops.Conclusion The detection of amniotic sac has important clinical value in predicting pregnancy outcome in early pregnancy.


The characteristics of electronic devices can often be divided into few regions of operation which may be described with a simplefunction of the input variables. This is taken into account in the approach presented in this papel: Based on a square root function, which is used for one-dimensional section-wise modelling, one can derive a global smooth function valid for all regions of operation of the device with differentiable transistions between the regions. This function is then fitted to the measured device characteristics by numerical optimization algorithms, i. e. Evolution Strategies which are suitable for large numbers of variables as may occur in multi-dimensional functions.


The evaluation of the Sommerfeld integrals (SIs) has been considered by the quasi-analytical formulas simulating electromagnetic field propagating along the planar surface over a dielectric-coated conductor. The lateral wave and trapped surface wave are resulted from the branch-cut integration and contribution of pole-residue by complex integration, respectively. As a simple but efficient approach, we derive the complex determination equation for poles into a set of equations with real numbers. This technique would eradicate the redundancy roots arose from numerical root finding algorithm, and also provide with some help in extending previous studies into thick-dielectriccoating case.


A simple accelerated method for determining «self/non-self» microorganisms by using the agglutination reaction (RA) and therapeutic/prophylactic serum (Immunoglobulin complex preparation, lyophilized IgG, IgA, IgM immunoglobulins, developed by CSC Immuno-Gem, Moscow) is proposed to test for pathogenic, opportunistic and dominant probiotic Bifidobacteria spp. In parallel, all the microbial cell cultures examined were registered in the databases of Russia-wide and international collections and tested by the intermicrobial "self/non-self" recognition method, previously developed by us. 16 collection strains of various microorganisms were assessed by the RA with relevant therapeutic and prophylactic serum. Biological samples were obtained from the collection bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, Escherichia coli LEGM-18, Klebsiella pneumoniae 278, Lactobacillus fermentum 90T-C4, Bifidobacterium longum MC-42, Escherichia coli M-17, Shigella sonnei 177b, Shigella flexneri 170, Escherichia coli 157, Staphylococcus aureus 209, Candida albicans 10231 and Salmonella serovar Enteritidis ATCC 10708. In addition, cell cultures obtained from the Museum of the Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UB RAS such as Bifidobacterium longum ICIS-505, Lactobacillus acidophilus ICIS-1127, Bifidobacterium bifidum ICIS-202, Bifidobacterium bifidum ICIS-310 were also included into the study. To assess microbial peptidoglycan foreignness, the intermicrobial "self/non-self" recognition method was also used based on inducing metabolites produced by the "dominant" test strain Bifidobacterium longum MC-42 after pre-incubation with metabolites collected from the studied cell cultures ("associates") followed by established "dominant-associate" feedback loop. The data were evaluated by assessing change-fold in reproduction (growth/replication) and adaptation (biofilm formation and anti-lysozyme test) of microbial cultures in accordance with the described technique followed by comparing these two methods for intermicrobial "self/non-self" recognition. All the RA data were found to fully agree with those obtained after previous studies by using intermicrobial "self/non-self" recognition method coupled to "dominant-associate" system. Moreover, compared to analogous "intermicrobial recognition" method (5 days), ease of use and test timeframe (24 hours) allow to consider RA attractive for screening studies to select strains for scientific and industrial purposes.


The Godzilla automatic test data generator is an integrated collection of tools that implements a relatively new test data generation method, constraint-based testing, that is based on mutation analysis. Constraint-based testing integrates mutation analysis with several other testing techniques, including statement c o verage, branch c o verage, domain perturbation and symbolic evaluation. Because Godzilla uses a rule-based approach to generate test data, it is easily extendible to allow new testing techniques to be integrated into the current system. This paper describes the system that has been built to implement constraint-based testing. Godzilla's design emphasizes orthogonality and modularity, allowing relatively easy extensions. Godzilla's internal structure and algorithms are described with emphasis on internal structures of the system, and the engineering problems that were solved during the implementation.


In the process of medical education, there are three essential principles of knowledge that trainees must learn: know, know how, and know to be [1]. These pillars allow the development of communication skills, professional attitude, medical judgment, clinical Utility of medical simulation in neurovascular critical care education Sandra Mass-Ramírez, MS; Hernán Vergara-Burgos, MS; Carmen Sierra-Ochoa, MS; Ivan David Lozada-Martinez, MS; Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, MD, PhD(c); Tariq Janjua, MD; Md Moshiur Rahman, MD; Sabrina Rahman, BSc, MPH; Yelson Alejandro Picón-Jaimes, MD, MSc Medical and Surgical Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia Colombian Clinical Research Group in Neurocritical Care, School of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia Latin American Council of Neurocritical Care, Cartagena, Colombia Department of Intensive Care, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA Department of Neurosurgery, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh Department of Public Health, Independent University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh Medical and Surgical Research Center, Valencian International University, Santiago de Chile, Chile REVIEW ARTICLE


Background. Cancer patients who lose weight have low treatment tolerance and poor outcomes compared to cancer patients without weight loss, termed cachexia. Despite the clear increased risk for patients, diagnosing cachexia still primarily relies on self-reported weight loss. A reliable biomarker to identify patients with cancer cachexia would be a valuable tool to improve clinical decision making and identification of patients at risk of adverse outcomes. Methods. Targeted metabolomics, including panels of amino acids, tricarboxylic acids, fatty acids, acylcarnitines, and sphingolipids, were conducted on plasma samples from patients with confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with and without cachexia and control patients without cancer. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was undertaken to establish if any metabolite could effectively serve as a biomarker of cachexia. Results. Targeted profiling revealed that cachectic patients had decreased circulating levels of three sphingolipids compared to either non-cachectic PDAC patients or patients without cancer. The ratio of C18-ceramide to C24-ceramide (C18:C24) outperformed a number of other previously proposed biomarkers of cachexia (area under ROC = 0.810). It was notable that some biomarkers, including C18:C24, were only elevated in cachectic males. Conclusion. Our findings identify C18:C24 as a potentially new biomarker of PDAC-induced cachexia that also highlight a previously unappreciated sexual dimorphism in cancer cachexia. Trial registration. None. Funding. Support was provided through a pilot grant from U24DK100469 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (The Mayo Clinic), National Cancer Institute P30CA016058 (The Ohio State University), National Cancer Institute R01CA180057 (DCG), and a Weiss Postdoctoral Fellowship (EET).


The aim of this study was to accomplish a systematic review of the researches which approach teaching professional development, especially in Physical Education. Two sources of information were utilized: searches based on electronic data (LILACS, SCIELO, SCOPUS, SPORT DISCUS, WEB of SCIENCE, ERIC) from describers and searches in referential lists from the studies which were found, which resulted in the inclusion of other types of scientific production. Only studies accomplished between 1990 and 2007 were considered. From 65 investigations that met the inclusion criteria, 40 were national studies and 25 were international ones. Results indicate that the majority of studies were performed with teachers who teach in elementary school, the most frequent collecting data instrument is the interview, and the methodological approach which predominated was teaching life stories. Studies revealed that teaching profession choice is as much influenced by intrinsic and altruistic reasons as by extrinsic, in addition, career entering varies between discovery and surviving feelings. Diversity of professional trajectories confirms that the evolution in teaching career is not linear, occurring some advances and retreats. It is also shown that teaching dispel can be either serene or bitter, depending on the teacher's intervention context.


The current financial crisis has brought a big step up in the importance of proper liquidity management in banking. Starting with the fall of the British lender Northern Rock due to a temporal liquidity shortage, we have seen often wholesalemarket disruptions as well as a strong reduction in the interbank market, being bothof them fundamental pieces in banking liquidity management. As a consequence it appear the need for the European Central Bank to intervene with extraordinary and decisive funding mechanisms, as well as the requirements from the Basel Committee to increase sharply the amount of high quality liquid assets in the balance sheet ofbanks to overcome any potential crisis. The implementation of the later due January 2013 has been recently postponed to 2015 to give enough room for banks to be readyto comply with it. On the other hand, this new requirements that imply the need to have a bigger percentage of liquid assets in the balance sheet, together with the needto reduce the total balance sheet size to comply with the new capital requirementsof Basel, will have as a collateral effect the reduction of funding to individuals and companies.


Department of Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Service. University Hospital of Valme, Seville, Spain Background and Goal of the Study: One of the most important activities at an acute pain service is to review the costs and effectiveness of their postoperative pain treatments (1). The current study was designed to compare costs and effectiveness of two different administration systems for an intravenous postoperative analgesia with tramadol and metamizol: PCA and Elastomeric Pumps. Material and Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 50 patients, ASA I or II undergoing scheduled gynaecological mayor surgery. Two grams of metamizol and 100 mg of tramadol were administrated intravenous as loading dose, followed by 8 g of metamizol and 400 mg of tramadol diluted in 100 ml of physiologic serum as maintenance. Patients were randomised located in two groups of treatment: Group 1 PCA with 1.5 ml/h as continuous rate, 1 ml bolus and 20 minutes lockout interval. Group 2 Elastomeric pump with a continuous rate of 2 ml/h. Analgesic effectiveness was analysed in the first 48 hours after surgery as well as adverse effect events, patients satisfaction and direct and indirect costs of each system. Results: Both groups were homogeneous at demographic evaluated data. Analgesic effectiveness was similar in the 27 patients in group 1 and the 23 in group 2, measured by VAS 0 to 10. However Elastomeric pump group required iv morphine in 61% of patients versus 33% in PCA group (p 0.05). Postoperative nausea and vomiting incidence was similar in both groups (about 50%). In PCA group 81% of patients would repeat the analgesic treatment versus 56% in Elastomeric group (p 0.05). The average number of nurse staff interventions was 15.6 for PCA group and 19 for Elastomeric group, with an average spent time of 51 and 57 minutes respectively. Costs frommaterial (not including the PCA pumps, provided by the brand) were higher than costs from staff analgesic interventions and altogether were in average 40.06€ per patient in PCA group and 53.83€ in Elastomeric group (measured in 2004 values). Conclusions: Both groups had a similar analgesic effectiveness but the PCA resulted to be more satisfactory and a 37% cheaper. At our hospital, where we carried the study out the PCA amounted to be better comparing costs and effectiveness than the Elastomeric Pump. References: 1 Rawal N. Anesthesiol Clin North America 2005 Mar;23(1):211–25. Review. 2 Choiniere M, Rittenhouse B, Perreault S, et al. Anesthesiology 1998;89:1377–88.


i RESUME iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES xi NOMENCLATURE xii FORMAT OF THESIS xiii CONTRIBUTION OF AUTHORS xv I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.


The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of industrial activities on the heavy metal con- tamination of irrigation water, soils, and plants in Kafr El-Dawar district, Egypt. An environmental monitoring of the pollution sources carried out in the study area through collection and analyses of water, soils, and plant samples in the representative locations. The results revealed that: (a) The qualities of all measured parameters of the fresh Mahmoudia canal water were within the recom- mended limits; (b) The amounts of heavy metals in Kafr El-Dawar drain water before receiving the outlet effluents of industrial companies ranged from 3 to 4 times higher than those in Mahmoudia canal; (c) The concentrations of heavy metals in the industrial outlet waste effluents for all studied companies were much higher than the permissible limits; (d) The concentrations of heavy metals at the mixing points between the industrial waste effluents and Kafr El-Dawar drain water were relatively low than that of the industrial outlet waste effluents, but still very high compared to that of Kafr El-Dawar drain water and permissible limits; (e) Heavy metals contents in soils adjacent to industrial companies were very high compared with that irrigated from Mahmoudia canal; (f) Soils adjacent to Textile and Spinning Company had toxic level of Cd, while the soils adjacent to Tinting and Chemicals, Industrial Silk Egyptian, and Al-Bayda Dyers Companies had toxic level of Pb, Cd, and Zn; g) The grown plants in Textile and Spinning soil had toxic level of Ni, plants grown in Tinting and Chemicals and Al-Bayda Dyers soils suffer from Pb, Ni, and Co toxicity, while the growing plants in industrial Silk soil suffer from Pb and Ni toxicity.


Abstract The leaf, stem, calyx, and corolla indumentum of seven endemic taxa belonging to Stachys subsect. Fragiles, growing in Turkey, were micromorphologically and anatomically analyzed under scanning electron and light microscopes with the use of cluster analysis and Principal Component Analysis. We detected 10 trichome types on the leaf, seven trichome types on the stem and calyx, and eight trichome types on the corolla. Especially, the type and distribution of the trichomes on the calyx and corolla surfaces were quite different. The calyx and corolla had seven and eight trichome types, including glandular or non-glandular, in the examined taxa, respectively. The most common type observed was a short clavate glandular trichome; however, conical thin-walled unicellular hairs were specific for the studied taxa. No branched trichomes were observed. In the examined taxa, the indumentum indicated variations and some important similarities. The indumentum types have a high taxonomical value for the species of the genus. A key has been offered for the identification of the studied taxa based on the trichome characters, by comparing the key of classic taxonomic characters.


Optimization problems with rank constraints appear in many diverse fields such as control, machine learning, and image analysis. Since the rank constraint is nonconvex, these problems are often app...


Purpose: The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on cancer pain in patients with solid metastatic tumors receiving palliative radiotherapy. Methods: Thirty-six patients from both genders were included in this study. Their ages were ≥ 18 years. They were randomly divided into two groups equal in number (each 18 patients). Procedures: Group Ι (Study group) received the program of aerobic exercise using the bicycle ergometer (30 minute per session) 5 sessions per week for 2 weeks in parallel with the palliative radiotherapy and Group II (control group) received the palliative radiotherapy protocol only. Pain was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the blood Cortisol level was assessed before and after the program (2 weeks). Results: Post treatment comparison between both groups revealed a significant reduction in cortisol level and VAS of the study group in comparison with that of the control group. There was a significant reduction in cortisol level and VAS post-treatment compared with that of pretreatment in the study group (p > 0.001). The correlation between VAS and cortisol level was a positive and statistically significant correlation (r = 0.68, p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Short term moderate intensity aerobic exercise led to a significant decrease in cancer pain and blood cortisol (stress hormone) level in solid metastatic tumors patients receiving palliative radiotherapy.


Abstract

Employee involvement in various work programs and comfort in the work environment has great potential in improving employee work performance due to the emergence of inner and outer satisfaction in the employee. To prove the statement above, this study aims to determine how much influence employee involvement and work environment have on employee performance and indirectly with satisfaction as a moderating variable. This research is a quantitative research using techniques purposive sampling. The research sample consisted of BSI bank employees in Jakarta. The population in this study was 200 BSI KCP Jakarta bank employees with a minimum criteria of having worked for 1 year using a questionnaire and data were analyzed usingPath Anaylisis.

Keywords: "Employee Performance, Employee Engagement, Work Environment, Satisfaction"


Welding defect constitute a great danger to the safe usage of petroleum pipelines. In addition, manual welding defect detection has numerous deficiencies, such as subjectivity and inaccurate estimation of geometric parameters. Thus, we proposed an automatic welding defect detection system for X-ray images. In the system, five typical defects (cracks, lack of penetration, lack of fusion, round defects, and stripy defects) and non-defects were chosen for recognition. There are three stages in the system: defect extraction, defect detection, and defect recognition. In the first stage, background subtraction with an adaptive thresholding method was adopted to identify the potential defects. In the second stage, to extract real defects from the massive number of potential defects, the adaptive cascade boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm was employed for binary classification. Grayscale features and geometric properties of the defects were extracted for the classification. In the third stage, the AdaBoost algorithm was extended for multi-classification. In the process of distinguishing defects from non-defects, a high detection rate is necessary. To ensure the high true positive rate (TPR) and the low false positive rate (FPR), we proposed the cascade AdaBoost algorithm with penalty term. The accuracy of the defect detection was 85.5%, and the TPR was 91.66%. Moreover, three comparison tests of support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and random forest (RF) were employed to validate the superiority of AdaBoost. The experimental results indicate that the proposed detection system can be effective for defect detection.


The relationships between gender, gender role attitudes, and participants' anticipation of future life roles (career, marriage, family, and homecare) were examined. Participants consisted of 297 single college students between the ages of 17-29 years (M = 20). Females reported significantly (p< .01) more egalitarian gender role attitudes than males. Significant results were found for the relationship between gender and anticipated life roles (p< .01) as well as between gender role attitudes and anticipated life roles (career role value, r = .14 and marital role value, r = - .18). The study findings suggest a possible gender conflict for females with more egalitarian gender role attitudes and behavior intentions and their male counterparts.


This contribution emphasizes the relevance of Prof. Vittorio Rizzoli's works on stability and phase-noise analysis and describes how they have impacted more recent investigations. Regarding the stability analysis, in 1985 he developed a frequency-domain formulation that provided unvaluable insight into the way how the perturbed system should be described and analyzed. This formulation enabled the application, for the first time, of the Nyquist criterion to circuits simulated with harmonic balance (HB). In 1994, he derived a HB formulation for phase-noise analysis, which considered both the frequency modulation, associated with the timing noise, and the frequency conversion effects; it provided a complete prediction of the noisy oscillator spectrum at small and large offset frequencies from the carrier. Departing from these relevant contributions, more recent advances in the two topics will be described.


Understanding limitation of simulation for Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height in mesoscale meteorological model is important for accurate meteorological variable and diffusion of air pollution. This study examined the accuracy for simulated PBL heights using two different PBL schemes (MYJ, YSU) in Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model during the radiosonde observation period. The simulated PBL height were verified using atmospheric sounding data obtained from radiosonde observations that were conducted during 5 months from August to December 2014 over the Gumi weir in Nakdong river. Four Dimensional Data Assimilation (FDDA) using radiosonde observation data were conducted to reduce error of PBL height in WRF model. The assessment result of PBL height showed that RMSE with YSU scheme were lower than that with MYJ scheme in the day and night time, respectively. Especially, the WRF model with YSU scheme produced lower PBL height than with the MYJ scheme during night time. The YSU scheme showed lower RMSE than the MYJ scheme on sunny, cloudy and rainy day, too. The experiment result of FDDA showed that PBL height error were reduced by FDDA and PBL height at the nudging coefficient of 3.0 × 10 − 1 (YSU_FDDA_2) were similar to observation compared to the nudging coefficient of 3.0 × 10 − 4 (YSU_FDDA_1).


ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 3, May-June 2013. MS No. S-2011-220 received July 12, 2011, and reviewed under Institute publication policies. Copyright © 2013, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved, including the making of copies unless permission is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Pertinent discussion including author's closure, if any, will be published in the March-April 2014 ACI Structural Journal if the discussion is received by November 1, 2013. Experimental Evaluation of Disproportionate Collapse Resistance in Reinforced Concrete Frames


Reactions of 5-{(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino} isophthalic acid (H2L1) with copper(II), zinc(II), and cadmium(II) were studied, and the obtained metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [{Cu(L1)(DMF)}·DMF·H2O]n (1), [Zn(L1)(H2O)]n (2), and [Cd(L1)]n (3) were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. As shown by X-ray crystallography, novel hybrid organic–inorganic coordination-driven assemblies were obtained which exhibit different two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) polymeric architectures. Compounds 1 and 2 have 2D structures, whereas compound 3 features a 3D network type polymer with a dimetallic core acting as a secondary building unit. These frameworks act as heterogeneous polymeric solid catalysts (the most effective one being the copper MOF 1) for solvent-free microwave assisted peroxidative oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. They also effectively catalyze the nitroaldol (Henry) reaction of different aldehydes with nitroalkan...


In this article I provide a perspective on the current state of modern business cycle theory. This theory has developed from an application of the Arrow-Debreu general equilibrium framework to the neoclassical growth model. On the positive side, this approach is able to accommodate various sources of heterogeneity in preferences and production within its complete markets framework. On the negative side, this approach has to rely on persistent exogenous shocks to account for business cycles since its internal propagation mechanism is weak. I discuss the implications of three important extensions of the basic framework. The first two extensions, noncompetitive pricing and frictional labor markets, do not overcome the basic weakness of limited propagation. The third extension, limited insurance and exogenous credit constraints, shows promise to account for the amplification and propagation of exogenous shocks.


Objective To study the anti-tumor of Radix Aconiti preliminarily.MethodsIn vivo,the model of H22liver cancer was established to observe anti-tumor by measuring the volume,weight of in situ tumor and immune organs index after ig of Radix Aconiti medicinal liquor.In vitro,the effects of Radix Aconiti medicinal liquor on Lewis cells by MTT assay.Results In vivo,compared with the model group,the tumor in Radix Aconiti group was smaller, the tumor inhibitory rate was 32.05%,both of thymus index and spleen index increased.In vitro,Radix Aconiti medicinal liquor at used doses inhibited proliferation of lewis lung cancer cells.Conclusion Radix Aconiti medicinal liquor has beneficial effects on tumor treatment.


Willi Hennig's work has had a profound impact on how we conceive biological systematics and evolution today (Wheeler et al., 2013; Williams et al., 2016). In attempt to establish a novel philosophical and theoretical foundation for systematics, as well as improving its scientific standing, Hennig created new concepts (e.g., autapomorphy, synapomorphy, symplesiomorphy, and semaphoront) and redefined old ones (e.g., monophyly, phylogeny, and relationship) (Rieppel, 2003). Regarding, therefore, the theoretical and practical significance of these concepts and the biological patterns related to them, my main purpose in this letter is eliminating redundancy and increasing precision in the description of the patterns of character evolution in phylogenies, i.e., apomorphy and plesiomorphy. In this way, I (1) endorse the need of a conceptual distinction among autapomorphy, synapomorphy, metapomorphy, and homoplasy, and symplesiomorphy and metaplesiomorphy; (2) introduce the concepts of metapomorphy and metaplesiomorphy within the language of phylogenetic systematics; (3) reinterpret the concept of hemiplasy; and (4) justify why that conceptual distinction is necessary by taking into account its general applicability in theoretical and practical issues of systematics and evolution.


High quality time scale modification of signals is important in many applications. The difficulty is to achieve the necessary time scale modification yet maintaining the pitch information presented in the input signal. We presented a new, computationally efficient algorithm called SOLA (synchronized overlap and add) based on zero-crossing point. It is a time domain algorithm. The algorithm can provide a high quality output signal, and provides an order of magnitude improvement in processing speed when compared to the most popular method, SOLA (Roucos and Wilgus, 1985)


Wassily Kandinsky's abstract stage composition Der gelbe Klang (The Yellow Sound) has long been regarded as the artist's principal theatrical contribution. In its own time, The Yellow Sound was admired by such individuals as Arnold Schonberg and Hugo Ball, and its influence can still be felt today in the work of John Cage and Merce Cunningham. Kandinsky himself distinguished The Yellow Sound from his other works in this genre: it was the only stage composition published in full during the artist's lifetime.


8y MARY KATHERINE BURN feat of Minnesota back in 1929. ing off to Iowa after the Gopher took the offensive in the hardyards and points were desperately excellent examples of his value al;Jle in to drop-kick the goal and The amazing fou',lh quarter de"We are rooting tar you. Beat touchdown which made the scan. fought battle. needed. to the team in a tight spot. Iowa won, 7 to 6. From W·thi feat 01 Minnesota's Gophers by the Minnesota. You can remember. 9 to O. And it was not long afterwards The situation really was a Late ill the fourth quarter of In 1929, Iowa traUing 7 to 3 I n Iowa Hawkeyes last Saturday was "Mrs. Oran Nanny Pape" Then Bill Seiler, WSUI sports that Iowa started the now-famous strange one. Pape never started the 1928 l\I[jnnesota game-the last with 2 minutes to go. The HawkIPveQ. possible impetus by a 10· Mrs. Pape was listening to tho announcer, sent the ~essage ~ passing aUack which led to two a game, often he played l~ss than ~omecomjng contest ~~ old Iowa word telegram received at the WSUI radio report of the game Bill SeneI' on the stadium public Iowa touchdowns and a Hawkeye one quarter. But so etfechve was field-Iowa was trailing 6 to 0 eyes had the ball on Minnesota's station's stadiul;Jl broadcasting in bee home at Mt. Vernon. She adctcess system. Sener read the victory over the northern invaders. he at his :specialty-d l' i vi n g after a 90-yard return of a punt six-yard line. Pape raced around booth just after the start ot the held a faith in the Iowa team message soon after it had gom Technically, Oran Pape was n throUJh slight openings, or getfor a touchdown by Hovde of leU end for the winning touchsecond halt of the game and read stronger than the 50000 Iowa fans over the air and, while members substitute hallback; actually he ttng loose around end through Minnesota. down. to the radio audience ond the present at the ga~e. She could of the Iowa team contended that was more valuable than many sosheer speed-that for bis two seaPape was sent into the game. Pape, who joined the Iowa 30,000 fans when the SCOTe was remember when the late "Nanny" none of them heard the telegram called first team players. son's of play he was Iowa's leadSoon he broke loose on an oUHighway patrol after his gl'aduaMinnesota 9, Iowa O. Pape had starred on the Iowa read, there must have been a ·For Pape was tile "pinch-hit· ing scorer. tackle play and raced 67 yarda tion from the univenity, was kilThe message was from Mrs. team in 1929 to defeat the Goform of mental telepathy which ter" of the Ur.iversity of Icwa's Much of Pape's fame resulted for a touchdown to tie the score. led in the performance of duty in Oran Pape, wife of the former phers, 9 to 7. went out into the Iow.a squad befootball teams of 1928 and 1929, from his sensational performances No Minnesota man touched him April, 1937, neat Muscatine. Iowa football star who was reThe telegram was read ova' the cause it wa~ from that point on, the 3peedy and smart ball-carrier again,t Minnesota at Iowa City on his downfield journey. Then But the spirit of Oran Pape sponsible for the last Iowa deradio just as Minnesota was kickaccO'rding to Seiler, that Iowa who was sent into the game when in 1928 and 1929. These plays are Irvin Nelson, another substitute, was in Iowa stadium Saturday.


The author proposes the view that there exist four simple decomposition patterns for one image based on wavelet basis when the 1-D decomposition algorithm is independently applied in two dimensions.


Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a family of nerve disorders with progressive loss of nerve function in 15% of diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects. Two-point discrimination (TPD) is one method of quantitatively testing for loss of nerve function. The law of mobility for TPD is known for normal subjects in earlier studies but has not been studied for diabetic subjects. This is a pilot study to evaluate and plot the law of mobility for TPD among DM subjects.


Men and women share the same space geographically, yet women are accorded a lower status than men. In reality, there exists inequality in women's access to education, health care, physical and financial resources and opportunities in the political, economic, social and cultural field. It may be possible to accept totally Simone de Beauvoir's view as argued in "The Second Sex" (1949) that "one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman" in a society controlled by men. Gender consciousness is a socially given notion and sex roles are defined by society. Given this constraint, it stands to reason 'how women writers and women characters define freedom and relate to power structure differently.' George Orwell in his essay "Inside the Whale" (1956) stated that "Novel is a protestant form of art; it is the product of the free mind, of the autonomous individual". Taking this definition in its full implications, one is compelled to examine the nature of this freedom, of the kind of freedom available to women, who are also cultural constructs, a culture which is dominantly male despite the feminist positions. Women's discourse is a serious subject one fraught with complexities and contradictions and with a long history, one as long as mankind. It is imperative to pay attention to women writers, who might well be considered as the most privileged among women in the historical terms. In the writings of the postcolonial women writers such as Anita Desai, Arundhati Roy, and Margaret Laurence, the quest for identity is enacted as a journey of the woman protagonist, whereas traditional literature has been concerned chiefly with the adventure journeys of men. This journey of the female protagonist is more psychological than physical, and the journey in space is also a journey in time. In fact, there is a parallel between the female protagonist's journey and her psychological journey in time. The present study attempts to highlight the socio-psychological implications of the prevailing gender discourse as reflected in literature, social and cultural discourse, depicting the stereo-type of gender roles. It puts forward an important question, 'Is there no space beyond that of being a daughter, a wife or a mother that a woman can occupy in the society?' It attempts to expose the hypocrisy of the affluent patriarchal society and show how female protagonists, in search of their meaning of life, undergo a journey in isolation by withdrawing and alienating themselves from it.


Abstract : This report describes the development of cushioning models for the AIRCAP cushioning material. The development models have been statistically validated and are available for use on the HP-9815A desktop calculator, or on a FORTRAN language computer. The temperature range of applicability is 32 F to 160 F and a static stress range of 0.03 to 0.80 psi. (Author)


Fired refractory zirconium product, whose structure a) consists of ≥ 94% by mass of ZrSiO b) a bulk density of> 3.8 g / cm c) has an open porosity of 2-25 vol .-% being d) more than half of the open porosity consists of pores having a maximum diameter is 10 microns and the pores lie within a pore size interval whose maximum value is less than or equal to 10 times the minimum value.


Radio frequency (RF) induced power deposition near bare rods with different implant pathways was investigated. 3-D electromagnetic (EM) simulations were used to obtain implant models as well as RF-induced power depositions calculated as the integral of power loss density. For the investigated setups up to 50% discrepancy between the implant model predictions and EM simulation values was observed.


An analysis is made of the statistical errors in solar neutrino detection by radiochemical detectors at different times of exposure. It is shown that short exposures (tau/sub e/ = one-half to one half-life) give minimal one-year error. The possibility is considered of the detection of the solar neutrino flux variation due to annual changes of the Earth-Sun distance. The integral method of treatment of the experimental data is described. Results are given of the statistical treatment of computer simulated data.


A survey of the relevant literature finds that no really satisfactory answer is yet available on the issue of how important foreign trade really is for labour market developments. European studies have (with some exceptions) arrived at the conclusion that foreign trade has little impact on wages; yet actual findings were very much dependent on the methods used and periods observed. At the current state of discussions, no rule of thumb of the sort "foreign trade has increased wage differentials by x percent" can be given. Similarly, no secure findings can be obtained for unemployment and job rates. Available results of empirical studies need to be considered in the light of the dispute between foreign trade economists and labour economists over the proper method to measure foreign trade effects on wages. This dispute revolves around three major issues: 1. Which reference model should be used for analysis: a labour market model based on partial equilibrium analysis or a general equilibrium model based on foreign trade theory? The latter describes long-term relationships and assumes free intersectoral mobility of the labour force. Import pressure in one sector causes redundant labour to move into another sector. Any change in the labour supply is thus fully absorbed by output shifts between sectors. Wages remain unchanged for as long as such output shifts do not cause any change in domestic prices for the goods, such as would be the case in a small open economy (which acts as a pure price taker on the global market). 2. Does foreign trade impact on domestic wages through the trade volume or through price shifts? While labour market approaches usually start out from import and export volumes, such an assumption is not valid from the point of view of the Heckscher-Ohlin foreign trade theory. Even when import and export volumes are very small, they may critically affect the labour market if firms scale down their prices to the global market price in consequence of trade liberalisation. 3. How can results be checked for other possible factors influencing the wage differential between high- and low-skilled workers (technological progress, shortcoming in the education system, etc.)? Available studies in Austria are based on the labour market theory and have arrived on – occasionally – highly divergent results, which are summarised in the survey. No empirical studies based on foreign trade theory have so far been carried out.


The article presents the results of empirical research of the interrelation between teenagers' psychological features and professional self-determination. It is revealed that the high level of motivation to success and low level of motivation to avoiding failures most probably defines the choice of "enterprise" professions. While the low level of motivation to success and high level to avoiding of failures mean that "intellectual" profession will be chosen. The author states that there is certain correlation between different values of personal orientations and motives of choosing a profession. The dominating value remembering about a person's own shortcomings and the drawbacks of other people defines the motive choosing a career which be in compliance with personal opportunities.


Using economic and historical yield data models in this paper we outline the socio-economic and ecological conditions for sustainable use of fish resources in commercial lake fisheries in Finland, in the context of fragmented private ownership and owner-based management. Interlocked use refers to area greater than the typical current area on one or two lakes, and that could be used as a joint resource by the fishers in the area. The results of the economic model show that the management of the interlocked fishery, in particular by encouraging mobility of fishers, can produce higher sustainable economic benefits from the fishery. The yield data analysis shows that an interlocked resource may considerably decrease fluctuations of yield in commercial vendace fisheries. This implies that the interlocked use approach would increase the cost-effectiveness and decrease the interannual variability in income to the fishers, thus promoting sustainability in the fishery and making it potentially a more viable livelihood in rural areas.


Cervical remodeling (CR) is the active process where the birth canal prepares for parturition. CR is divided into four distinct yet overlapping phases, with the first three phases taking place during gestation and parturition, whereas the fourth and final phase, postpartum repair, ensures proper healing and recovery of the cervix back to a non-pregnant state. Postpartum repair is the least studied phase of CR, and to date, this is the only study of which we are aware that focuses exclusively on postpartum repair. Here, we examined the ultra-morphological changes taking place in the cervix during the first 48h postpartum, the expression profiles of four key proteins: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1a), and two VEGF receptors (KDR and Flt-1), and using quantitative proteomics, we sought to determine the genome-wide protein expression patterns taking place in the cervix during the least studied phase of cervical remodeling. From these studies, we demonstrate 1) the cervix undergoes vast morphological changes during the first 48h postpartum, 2) HIF-1a, VEGF, and its receptors are readily expressed at both the gene and protein levels, and 3) quantitative proteomics revealed dynamic changes in several cytoskeletal elements as well as immune-related proteins.


Objective: The short biological half-life (2-3 h) and low bioavailability (50 %) of ranitidine (RAN) following oral administration favor the development of a controlled release system. This study was aimed to develop and in vitro evaluate oral sustained-release RAN delivery system based on the bacterial nanocellulose material (BNM) produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus (K. xylinus) from selected culture media. Methods: BNMs are biosynthesized by K. xylinus in the standard medium (SM) and coconut water (CW). RAN was loaded in BNMs by the absorption method. The structural and physicochemical properties of BNMs and BNMs-RAN were evaluated via swelling behavior, FTIR, and FESEM techniques. Moreover, the effect of BNMs on RAN release profile and release kinetics was analyzed and evaluated. Results: The amount of loaded RAN or entrapment efficacy for BNM-CW is higher than for BNM-SM. The BNM-SM-RAN and BNM-CW-RAN exhibited a decreased initial burst release system followed by a prolonged RAN release up to 24 h in relation to the commercial tablets containing RAN. The RAN release from these formulations was found higher in the SGF medium than that of in SIF medium. RAN released from these formulations was found to follow the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and diffusion sustained drug release mechanism. The sustained release of RAN from BNM-SM-RAN was slower than for RAN from BNM-CW-RAN, but the mechanism of sustained RAN release was the same. Conclusion: Oral sustained-release RAN delivery system based on BNMs was successfully prepared and evaluated for various in vitro parameters. The biopolymers like BNM-SM and BNM-CW could be utilized to develop oral sustained RAN release dosage form.


Absolute values of cross sections for electron production in collisions of neutral hydrogen atoms of 20--150 keV energy with water vapor molecules have been measured as a function of the ejection energy and angle. The range of angles was 10/sup 0/ to 160/sup 0/ and the electron energy range was 1--300 eV. The doubly differential cross sections were integrated over angle and/or energy to obtain singly differential cross sections, total electron production cross sections, and average energies of ejection. The angular distribution of the electron loss peak was found to have some features in common with the cross section for elastic scattering of electrons.


In the last two decades of the 20th century, we witnessed a dramatic growth in social inequalities within and among countries. This has had a most negative impact on the health and quality of life of large sectors of the populations in the developed and underdeveloped world. This volume analyzes the reasons for this increase in inequalities and its consequences for the well being of populations. Scholars from a variety of disciplines and countries analyze the different dimensions of this topic.


This paper discusses the interrelationship between ideological work and company cul-ture building and believes that there exist some similarities and differences therefrom.Further-more,the author indicates that ideological work and culture building in an enterprise are a part of social culture,reflecting our national culture and modern mindset.To better build up an enterprise culture is undoubtedly a means of improving ideological work.


The investment in railway fixed assets is a powerful guarantee for continuous development of railway construction.In order to forecast the scale and variation tendency of investment in railway fixed assets accurately,the authors combined model GM(1,1) and radial basis function(RBF) neural network together effectively,gave full scope to their double-edged advantages that the grey system can construct forecasting model with poor information and neural network was capable of highly non-linear mapping uniquely,and established a new kind of non-linear combined forecasting model.Then,based on the true data of Chinese railway investment scale from 1998 to 2007,the authors forecasted the investment scale of railway fixed assets in the latter half of the "11th five-year plan" period,and analyzed the reasonableness of forecast results.The case study shows that the combined model is superior to any single grey model,can reflect change law of railway investment scale perfectly;and still get the accurate forecasting results,even if under the terms of little sample and poor information.


Many cultures and traditions are endangered and have been extinct. One of them is the Ba'usung tradition. The Ba'usung tradition is one of the traditions in the marriage ceremony of the Banjar tribe that is no longer much done by the younger generation. This research is aimed to elucidate the procession of Ba'usung tradition in the Banjar tribe marriage ceremony in sub-district of Tembilahan Hulu of Indragiri Hilir District. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. In-depth observation and interviews with informants was used to collect the data. The result of the research can be concluded as follows: Ba'usung tradition is held when the groom arrives at the bride's house, precisely before the bride and the groom sit side by side at the wedding dais, which, in the Banjar tribe, is called batatai. When the groom arrives at the bride's house, the bride and the groom are carried over the shoulder (Usung means carry) by two people who are trusted as the carrier. While carrying the bride and the groom over their shoulder, these two carriers perform silat (traditional martial art forms). After this procession, the bride and the groom are welcome to the wedding dais. The meaning of Ba'usung traditional ceremony is as a test for the groom before facing household affairs and his responsibilities towards his family, wife and children in the future. Keywords—Tradition, Banjar, Procession, Meaning, Wedding Ceremonies


The purpose of this study is to analyze the content or problems presented in a student's book in accordance with the criteria as teaching materials with high-level skills in elementary school. The study uses content analysis methods with stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Data collection is done by rubrics then presented in graphical form. The data source in this study is the 2013 thematic integrated curriculum book for elementary / MI class V theme 6 "Heat and Displacement". Based on the results of this study it can be seen that in the student book there is a LOTS load of 36%, HOTS content gets a percentage of 64%. The percentage of each cognitive level (C-4) is 35%, Evaluation (C-5) is 33% and Creation (C-6) is 32%. The results of the analysis of these data indicate that in the book students have presented content that contains HOTS and is feasible to be implemented in learning.