The material is the humanity dependence survival and the development material base, is primary factor which in the industrial design the entity forms. The modern material development speed is rapid, the material use, cannot leave the production craft. The designer wants to do, what and not only the understanding material, is essential, the designer must carry on the communication continuously with the material, at the right moment development each kind of material function situation, as well as examination material in this situation whether is excavated in a big way has dived the nature. This article elaborated in the industrial design the utilization, the transformation, found the new use and the processing method transforms the material the instance, the union present age environment question, and draws the conclusion, the change material characteristic or the behavior causes it to change usefully, now at last is the materials science core.


Wood drying chamber is the most conventional equipment used for drying wood, within the wood drying chamber on fan airflow guiding device for optimization design research, making the heat air supply uniform, and improve the drying efficiency, reduce drying costs. This paper through improving the airflow guiding device, add the designed device for uniform flow to flow distribution. Finally through the SC-Tetra simulation showing that improved fan airflow guiding device can achieve the purpose of different thickness of wood drying at the same time, improve the economic benefic.


Intelligent vehicle-infrastructure system (IVIS) uses advanced wireless communications and the new generation of Internet technology to enable comprehensive real-time dynamic information exchange between different vehicles and between vehicles and roads. It also provides active vehicle safety control and collaborative road management based on omnidirectional acquisition and fusion of traffic information, so as to fully realize effective coordination among people, vehicles and roads. This ensures traffic safety and improves traffic efficiency. In light of the urgent need to evaluate IVIS and the technology bottleneck in current testing, a flexible, reliable method for evaluating IVIS is implemented in this paper. First, an industrial camera with quick response and low delay is used to acquire video warning signals from on-board IVIS equipment in real time. The collected images are then accurately time-aligned through a synchronous acquisition scheme based on BeiDou Pulse Per Second (PPS). After that, different grayscale template matching algorithms are used to identify video warning signals. Then these algorithms are quantitatively evaluated and compared based on the accuracy and timeliness of recognition so as to select the optimal template matching algorithm.


Self-driving cars have become a trending subject with a significant improvement in the technologies in the last decade. The project purpose is to train a convolutional neural network to drive an autonomous car agent on the tracks of Udacity's Car Simulator environment. Udacity has released the simulator as an open source software. Driving a car in an autonomous manner requires learning to control steering angle, throttle and brakes. Behavioral cloning technique is used to mimic human driving behavior in the training mode on the track. That means a dataset is generated in the simulator by a user driven car in training mode, and the NVIDIA's convolutional neural network model then drives the car in autonomous mode. Augmentation and image pre-processing are used to increase the accuracy of CNN model.


To the Editor: In the January issue of the American Journal of Human Genetics, Grupe and colleagues1 published evidence suggesting genetic association between SNP rs498055 on chromosome 10q24, located in a putative homologue of ribosomal protein S3a (RPS3A [MIM 180478]), and risk for Alzheimer disease (AD [MIM 104300]) in four of six independent case-control samples. The authors reached this conclusion after testing nearly 1,400 SNPs, using an exploratory case-control sample, followed by assessments of a number of independent data sets of different size, origin, and ascertainment. Although three of the replication samples showed significant risk effects for the G allele of rs498055, this effect was not confirmed in two smaller series of neuropathologically confirmed AD cases and controls. None of the other 68 "hits" uncovered in the first pass received the same degree of consistent replication as did rs498055. Overall, the effect of the putative risk allele was modest (yielding odds ratios [ORs] between ∼1.3 and 1.4) and—according to the authors' conclusion—likely reflects linkage disequilibrium (LD) with another genetic variant nearby. Here, we have set out to independently assess the association between rs498055 and AD risk in two large and carefully characterized samples of AD-affected families comprising nearly 1,900 subjects from 654 pedigrees. However, in contrast to the findings of Grupe and colleagues, we observed no evidence of association between rs498055 and AD in any of our analyses.

Using high-efficiency fluorescence polarization (HEFP) technology, we genotyped this SNP in two family-based AD samples: (1) 1,439 subjects from 437 multiplex AD-affected families recruited as part of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Genetics Initiative AD Study Sample (average age at onset [±SD] of affected individuals was 72.4±7.7 years) and (2) 489 subjects from 217 independent families, mostly consisting of discordant sibships, recruited as part of the Consortium on Alzheimer's Genetics (CAG) (average age at onset was 71.2±9.1 years). These samples, as well as the genotyping procedures, are described in detail in the work of Bertram et al.2; PCR and HEFP primer sequences for rs498055 are available on request. Average genotyping efficiency across both samples was 98.4%, with a genotyping error rate <1% (on the basis of ∼10% duplicated samples). Power analyses (fig. 1) in the combined sample showed that, at a disease-allele frequency of 0.47 (i.e., the average frequency of the G allele in U.S. controls reported by Grupe et al.) and α=.05, power was 64% for an OR of 1.3 and was 83% for an OR of 1.4 (see fig. 1 for more details). Naturally, power was lower for the two samples considered separately, but it was still 40%–60% for the NIMH sample alone, comparable to the power of the replication samples in the study by Grupe et al.

Figure 1.

Power to detect a range of effect sizes in the family samples analyzed. Power estimates were done with PBAT (v3.1).12 Estimates are based on approximation and are calculated for an additive disease model based on parameters published by Grupe et al.1 ...

In contrast to the findings of Grupe et al., we did not observe any significant evidence of association between rs498055 and AD risk, neither in the two samples individually nor after combining both data sets (table 1), overall or when stratified by age at onset (with age 65 years as cutoff) or apolipoprotein E (APOE [MIM 107741]) ɛ4-carrier status. Interestingly, and in contrast to the overtransmission of the G allele noted by Grupe et al., in our two samples, this allele was generally undertransmitted to affected individuals, which approached statistical significance in two of our stratified analyses in the combined sample (P=.09 in "late-onset" families, and P=.06 in "APOE ɛ4-positive" families [table 1]). Finally, we also tested for association between rs498055 and age at onset of AD (age at last examination of unaffected individuals), using FBAT-LOGRANK, FBAT-Wilcoxon, and FBAT-Flemington-Harrington3,4 in the unstratified samples. However, none of these tests showed even marginally significant P values (data not shown). Since quantitative trait analyses are expected to be more powerful than analyses of binary traits if the underlying association is true,3 these results strengthen our overall negative conclusion.

Table 1.

Association Analyses of rs498055 in Two Independent Family Samples[Note]

Our study is the first to independently assess the potential association between rs498055 and AD that had emerged from a semisystematic screen of 1,397 SNPs on chromosome 10.1 The fact that we failed to replicate the previous findings is noteworthy for several reasons. First, rs498055 is located within the chromosome 10q24 linkage peak reported elsewhere for this collection of NIMH families.5 Thus, our sample should be particularly well suited to detect disease associations underlying this linkage signal. Second, our study is the first to analyze this SNP with use of family-based methodologies in which affected subjects are compared with related unaffected subjects from the same family. Results from such analyses are more robust to bias due to population admixture or other sources of skewed genotype distributions in cases or controls; this is of particular note, given the differences in allele frequencies reported for the two control populations from the St. Louis area in the work of Grupe et al. (see below). Despite the strengths of our approach, it is possible that we have missed a putative risk effect at rs498055 because of insufficient power, especially when aiming to detect minor effects with ORs of ⩽1.3 (fig. 1). However, the differences between our findings and those of Grupe et al. are unlikely to result from lack of power alone, since we see under- rather than overtransmission of the G allele in both samples. It is unclear whether these discrepancies are caused by chance or by differential patterns of LD across the various samples.

The long arm of chromosome 10 has been a focus of work for many AD genetics laboratories since the discovery of significant linkage with AD phenotypes by three independent groups, including ours (AD6 [MIM 605526]).5–7 These publications were followed by two additional studies suggesting the presence of an AD risk and/or age-at-onset–modifying gene on this chromosome.8,9 Although nearly 30 positional candidate genes have since been assessed as potential AD risk factors underlying these linkage signals and several positive association findings have been published, no gene has received consistent support from independent follow-up studies,10 and none shows evidence of conclusive and significant summary effects in systematic meta-analyses of all published and available genotype data (AlzGene).

Unfortunately, the present failure to replicate the promising results of Grupe and colleagues is consistent with this overall pattern. There are several possible reasons for the differences between our findings and theirs. First, the difference might be due to chance, because the initial finding is a false-positive result. The 69 hits among 1,397 SNPs in the exploratory data set is close to the expected value by chance alone, as is the confirmation of 5 of these 69 signals in at least one of the two direct follow-up samples. However, we agree with the authors that a significant overrepresentation of the same allele in three of five confirmation samples, as observed for rs498055, may be unlikely to occur by chance alone. Second, the difference might have arisen by chance because our finding is a false-negative result. Although this is possible, it should be noted that our sample is as large or larger than many replication samples in the field. In addition, the difference is unlikely to result from insufficient power alone, because the putative risk allele, if anything, is undertransmitted in our samples. Third, the differences may relate to our use of family-based methods, which are more robust to bias due to population admixture. Although the degree to which admixture may lead to spurious association findings in case-control samples is controversial,11 the issue is a concern here, given the marked difference in allele frequencies across the two independent Washington University control samples (47% for the case-control sample—similar to the other U.S. control sample—and 44% for the controls used in comparison with the linkage sample), a difference substantial enough that the allelic association between rs498055 and AD in the linkage sample (49.8% risk-allele frequency) would not have been significant had the other Washington University control set (or the University of California–San Diego controls) been used. Finally, the differences across studies may be due to differences in patterns of LD across the various samples, which are impossible to assess as long as the precise nature of the putative risk allele at this locus remains unknown.

Clearly, additional analyses of sufficiently powered and independent samples are needed to assert whether rs498055, or a polymorphism in LD with it, makes a relevant contribution to AD risk. At least in the two family samples investigated here—one of which shows linkage to the same chromosomal interval as rs498055—this SNP is not a major determinant of AD risk.


In order to compare the new generation of oral contraceptive pills containing Norgestimate (NGM) with currently available pills containing levonorgestrel (LNG) a clinical trial was conducted. 413 women (age 18-35 years) with no contrainindication to pill use entered the study and randomly received one type of pills. Premenstrual syndrome and depression were significantly decreased in NGM group (P=0.00016, P=0.005), on the other hand, breast tenderness, mood changes and hair loss were significantly increased in LNG group (P=0.001, P=0.042, P=0.011). Comparing two groups with each other, following variables were significantly lower in NGM group: headache (P<0.05), vertigo (P<0.05), cloasma (P<0.05), acne (P<0.04), depression (P<0.05), appetite change (P<0.03). Overall patient satisfaction was similar in two groups.


Based on introducing the research background of the utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of economy and society and mutual relationship between the utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of economy and society,this paper analyzes some problems faced by the utilization of water resources in China and the reasons,and puts forward some countermeasures for increasing the utilization ratio of water resources.


Certain types of compost materials have fibrous characteristics that exhibit moisture affinity suggesting that they could be used to stabilize expansive soils to control desiccation cracks. In order to understand shrinkage cracking control mechanisms of compost amended soils, a field study was designed with two compost types, dairy manure compost (DMC) and biosolids compost (BSC). Composts were mixed with topsoil at different proportions to form four types of compost manufactured topsoils (CMTs). Seventeen CMT test plots of different treatment widths and thicknesses including a control plot with no CMT cover material were constructed at Stephenville, Tex. and these sections were heavily instrumented with moisture and temperature sensors. Data from sensors, digital image based surface cracking studies, visual observations of shoulder cracking, and surficial erosion surveys of all test sections were collected and statistically analyzed and these results indicated that the BSC amendments provided the best subsoil enhancements by controlling moisture and temperature fluctuations from the high temperature environment, thereby reducing shrinkage cracks in subsoils and in the adjacent paved highway shoulders. The DMCs were less effective in mitigating shrinkage cracking due to low amounts of fibrous or organic matter. Both design and construction specifications for CMTs were also developed. This application will enhance recycling efforts by converting wastes into usable compost, mitigate future pavement cracking, and lessen premature maintenance costs.


GUR-Efficacy of centpropazine, a new antidepressant, hasbeen evaluated in fortytwo patientsof'endogenous depression. The 4 week open trial was carried out in a dose-range of 40 to 120mgper day. A significant lowering of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score was observed in 34 patient. The antidepressant effect could be detected in 9 patients within one week, in 28 cases in two weeks and in all the 34 patients by third week. Giddiness, headache, dryness of mouth and weakness were reported by 11 patients. ^^^^^^ Centpropazine [1-propionyl-phenoxy)-3-(r<r-phenyl-piperazinyl)propane-2-01] is a new antidepressant with minimal autonomic effects in animals (Prasad et al., 1969). This compound counteracts reserpine induced hypothermia, ptosis and sedation and potentiates amphetamine induced hyperactivity in mice. Centpropazine does not antagonize the pilocarpine induced salivation and its an-titremorine activity is weaker than that of im-ipramine. The receptor binding studies have shown that centpropazine decreases S-HT receptor density in cortical region (Hussain et al., 1988). The study on noradrenergic receptors has shown it to have a greater affinity with alpha receptors and modulatory effect on second messanger system (Dikshit et al., 1992). It has been found to be safe in chronic toxicological evaluation including teratogenicity and mutagenicity studies (unpublished data). Phase I clinical trial with this potential drug were undertaken succesfully in normal male subjects and was found to be safe upto a dose of 200mg in single dose studies and upto 80mg per day in multiple dose studies (Gupta et al., 1989). The aim of phase II clinical trial was to evaluate centpropazine for antidepressant effect and nature of side effectes in patients suffering from depression. METHODS The trial was conducted at the following centres in collaboration with. Central Drug Research Institute,Xucknow. Deptt, of Seth G.S. Medical College, Psychiatry Bombay. " Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi. " K,G.'s Medical College, Lucknow. " Govt. Medical College, Patiala. Patients of either sex suffering from major depressive disorder (endogenous depression) were recruited for the study. The diagnosis was made in accordance with Research Diagnostic Criteria (Spitzer et al., 1978). All patients were admitted in the hospital and were subjected to a thorough clinical examination and biochemical laboratory investigations to rule out any hepatic, renal, cardiac or organic brain disease. An informed consent was obtained from the patients or his/her guardians. The initial dose was 40 mg per day and it was increased upto 120 mg in two weeks and continued on this dose upto 4 weeks. Patients receiving any other psychotropic drugs before


In view of the complex aero vane gauge has the characteristic in the fitter assembly and the main technical difficulty,several kind of typical good assembly techniques are analyzed,and great effects on these techniques are introduced.To a certain extent,these assembly techniques had guaranteed that the vane gauge has the high grade fitting quality and the delivery on time,and improved the assembly efficiency,and these techniques to the fitter have certain model function and the reference value.


There is scarce information about how plants are used in rural communities within the Sierra del Laurel State Wild Area, Aguascalientes, Mexico. This work aims to know how plants are used in the area of interest through an ethnobotanical study, as well as to record general patterns of the species and their uses (botanical families, number of uses, growth habits) and use-value. Five rural communities located within the study area were visited to apply semi-structured interviews to local people. Plants mentioned by the interviewees were collected, identified, and deposited in the herbarium HUAA. We obtained information from 83 species, distributed in 37 families. The families with the highest number of useful species were Asteraceae, Solanaceae, and Fabaceae. Twelve use categories were recognized: aromatic, artisan, living fences, ceremonial, coloring, fuel, edible, construction, forage, insecticide, medicinal, and toxic; medicinal, edible, and toxic uses were the most common, in agreement with other ethnobotanical studies carried out in Mexico. The plants were grouped by their growth habits; herbaceous plants were the most used, followed by trees, and finally shrubs. The plants were grouped by their growth habits, management, and origin, being the herbaceous plants the most used by the interviewees, followed by the trees, and finally the shrubs; plant-collecting was the predominant form of management and native plants were the most widely used. The use value for each species was calculated to know its quantitative importance, where Litsea glaucescens (laurel), Opuntia ficus-indica (nopal), and Psidium guajava (guayaba) were the plants with the highest values.


In this paper we represent 50 cases of brain infarct patients whose sense and/or motor disability appear on one side of the body, and CT indicates that the infarction situated in the same side of the cerebral hernisphere, contrary to the usual concept of crossed herniplegia. The possible causes of these phenomena were also discussed.


The Raspberry PI device is used for various projects anything from general computing to detailed ventures. These ventures include SmartHome projects, Home Entertainment solutions, and home and personal security, along with configurations for hacking both tools and applications. These small computers have been used for numerous and diverse applications and can be integrated within networks, which has lead to questions regarding security weaknesses. An assessment was completed to determine the security of the Raspberry PI device and if major security risks or vulnerabilities exist. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication (SP) series was utilized as the assessment tool for this process since NIST is accepted as an industry standard and is implemented by most influential agencies for assessment and authorization, including the United Stated Department of Defense (DoD). This risk assessment (RA) incorporates the Risk Management Framework (RMF) and uses the NIST SP Guide for Conducting Risk Assessments (NIST SP 800-30), the Guide for Applying the Risk Management Framework to Federal Information Systems (NIST SP 800-37) and other NIST standards and federal publications. Using these guidelines to conduct this security assessment allows the Raspberry PI to be uniformly evaluated for overall security posture; this is a standard procedure that can be followed for future assessment and research.


This study is a literary research on local wisdom of Javanese community as the context. Local wisdom is a proven knowledges owned by the society for sustaining their existence. It influences people's state of mind that relates to human capacity for exploring, discovering and developing human potentiality. This study proposes that in Indonesian context, education as an enhancement process for a better quality of life should make its source on local wisdom. Local wisdom is the "experience" of reality and knowledge is its "expression". The purposes of this research are: (1) describing the experience of reality consists of the cosmic and the metacosmic perspectives; and (2) understanding the existing local wisdoms as a local knowledge has its value for constructing a new theory on the Indonesian Philosophy of Education.


The objective was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical blood parameters and performance of Colossoma macropomum submitted to BFT maturation and under different feeding regimes. BFT maturation was carried out for 60 days (Phase 1). Feeding on six or seven days a week and feeding rates of 4% or 6% of biomass were tested (Phase 2). The water quality parameters were monitored throughout the experimental period. At the end of Phases 1 and 2, blood samples and zootechnical performance were evaluated. In Phase 1, total ammonia was higher on the 17th day (1.25 mg TAN L−1) and stabilized from the 21st day onwards. Nitrite reached a peak (9.67 mg L−1) on the 26th day. There was an increase in nitrate between the 25th and 60th day (1.79 ± 0.01 vs. 5.45 ± 0.01 mg N-NO3− L−1, respectively). FCR (1.90 ± 0.21), weight gain (9.81 ± 1.08 g), and SGR (1.26 ± 0.12%) were highest at 30 days of phase 1. The glucose level (118.23 ± 26.30 mg dL−1) was highest on the 30th day. The plasmatic protein (5.36 ± 0.30 g dL−1) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (27.58 ± 6.58 UI mL−1) were highest after 60 days. The hemoglobin level (5.77 ± 0.74 g dL−1) was lowest after 30 days. In Phase 2, the triglycerides, ALT, and hematocrit levels were different at the end of the experiment under all feeding regimes. Histological analysis of gills showed a normal condition for fish under BFT. It was possible to apply a feeding regime of six days a week and 4% biomass for juveniles, with 43 g on average.


Edge Computing is a distributed computing architecture where the computing process takes place near the user's physical location or at the source where the data originates. By placing the edge servers (ES) closer to the user's location, the services received are faster and more reliable while benefiting from edge computing. Various Internet of Vehicle (IoV) applications in smart cities including assisted and autonomous driving, real-time accidents monitoring require huge data processing and low-latency communication. Since the user's devices are resource constrained, an effective approach to address this constraint is to offload their tasks to nearby ES. So, an adaptive placements (to respond continuously changing environment) of these edge computing devices play a major role in the performance of various IoV applications. So, an efficient placement of ES is considered a critical issue in vehicular edge computing (VEC). To address the efficient and cost aware dynamic ES placement problem (CADEP), we developed two greedy algorithms. First, is cost aware and vehicle density based deployment of ES (static) that ensures that each vehicle's demand is covered by at least by one ES (coverage constraint), called Greedy_static. Second, is based on vehicle density and is dynamic as per changing environment, called Greedy_dynamic which updates ES locations periodically based on change in the environment. To minimize the relocation cost, we formulated an optimization problem and used Hungarian matching to find optimal cost. For various vehicle densities, we found that our algorithms outperform uniform strategies in terms of cost-effectiveness and ES utilization. Further, for dynamic relocation of ES, we have shown that the cost required to relocate ES randomly is more as compared to our proposed algorithm Greedy_dynamic.


Abstract— Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) is a stress-inducible protein capable of protecting a variety of cells from toxins, thermal stress, and ischemic injury. The cytoprotective role and mechanism of action of HSP72 in renal cell ischemic injury remain unclear. To study this, HSP72 was introduced (liposomal transfer) or induced (thermal stress, 43°C×1 hour) in renal tubular cells (LLC-PK1) with Western blot confirmation. Cells were subjected to simulated ischemia 24 hours after liposomal HSP72 transfer or thermal stress, and the effect of HSP72 on nuclear factor-&kgr;B (NF-&kgr;B) activation (electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunohistochemistry), I&kgr;B&agr; production (Western blot), postischemic tumor necrosis factor-&agr; (TNF-&agr;) production (RT-PCR), and apoptosis (TUNEL assay) were determined. In separate experiments, the role of TNF-&agr; in apoptosis was determined (anti-TNF-&agr; neutralizing antibody). Results demonstrated that both liposomal transfer of HSP72 and thermal induction of HSP72 prevented NF-&kgr;B activation and translocation, TNF-&agr; gene transcription, and subsequent ischemia-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis. Furthermore, TNF-&agr; neutralization also inhibited ischemia-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis. These results indicate that liposomal delivery of HSP72 inhibits ischemia-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis by preventing NF-&kgr;B activation and subsequent TNF-&agr; production. Further elucidation of the mechanisms of HSP-induced cytoprotection may result in therapeutic strategies that limit or prevent ischemia-induced renal damage.


Web crawling is the foremost step to perform the effective and efficient web content search so that the user will get the specific web pages initially in an indexed form. Web crawling is not only used for searching a webpage over the web but also to order them according to user interest. There are number of available search engines and the crawlers that accept the user query and provide the page search. But, there is still the requirement and scope to improve the search mechanism. In this present work, dynamic and user interest evolution based parametric approach is defined to perform the web crawling and to arrange the web pages in more definite way. In this work a layered approach is defined, in which the initial indexing will be performed based on the keyword oriented content match and later on the indexing will be modified based on user recommendation. The presented work will provide an recommendation based web page indexing so that effective web crawling will be performed.


Little is known about fraud in the financial services sector. Using a rich supervisory dataset, this study dissects fraud at large U.S. banking organizations. We examine the different categories of fraud and their materiality, the recovery from fraud, the time from fraud occurrence to fraud discovery and accounting. We quantify exposure to fraud and study the determinants of fraud at the banking organization level. Lastly, we document a significant effect of fraud on bank credit intermediation. Overall, our analysis provides new, detailed evidence on fraud in the U.S. financial services industry, and its costs and consequences.


To discuss the chemical rationale for the stability of certain functional groups within drug molecules against reaction such as hydrolytic degradation and consider the methods used to maximize their stability on storage.


Emotional health is of huge importance to our quality of life. However, monitoring emotional wellbeing is challenging. AffectAura is an emotional prosthetic that allows users to reflect on their emotional states over long periods of time. The system continuously predicts user's valence, arousal and engagement based on information gathered from a multimodal sensor setup. The interface combines these predictions with rich contextual information and allows the user to explore the data. AffectAura has been validated on 100's of hours of data recorded from multiple people who found the system allowed them to reason forward and backward in time about their emotional experiences. This project illustrates the first longitudinally evaluated emotional memory system.


Using three datasets of French manufacturing firms, this paper studies the role of trade openness, in relation with the cycle, as a determinant of company margin rate. Margin rates increase as capacity utilization tightens (and vice versa), reflecting the procyclicality of margin rates. However, high import rates are limiting this procyclicality: when capacities are tight, domestic producers may not be able to serve demand, but foreign producers may substitute for them if they are already present on the market as reflected by the level of import rates.


We consider dynamic routing and power allocation for a wireless network with time varying channels. The network consists of power constrained nodes which transmit over wireless links with adaptive transmission rates. Packets randomly enter the system at each node and wait in output queues to be transmitted through the network to their destinations. We establish the capacity region of all rate matrices (/spl lambda//sub ij/) that the system can stably support - where (/spl lambda//sub ij/) represents the rate of traffic originating at node i and destined for node j. A joint routing and power allocation policy is developed which stabilizes the system and provides bounded average delay guarantees whenever the input rates are within this capacity region. Such performance holds for general arrival and channel state processes, even if these processes are unknown to the network controller. We then apply this control algorithm to an ad-hoc wireless network where channel variations are due to user mobility, and compare its performance with the Grossglauser-Tse (2001) relay model.


n engl j med 377;3 nejm.org July 20, 2017 300 2. Mutter TC, Ruth CA, Dart AB. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) versus other fluid therapies: effects on kidney function. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 7: CD007594. 3. Crystalloid versus Hydroxyethyl Starch Trial (CHEST) Management Committee. The Crystalloid versus Hydroxyethyl Starch Trial: protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial of fluid resuscitation with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) compared to 0.9% sodium chloride (saline) in intensive care patients on mortality. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 816-23. 4. ICH Harmonised tripartite guideline: statistical principles for clinical trials E9. February 1998 (http://www .ich .org/ fileadmin/ Public_Web_Site/ ICH_Products/ Guidelines/ Efficacy/ E9/ Step4/ E9 _Guideline .pdf). DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1703337


In the boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere, time series of tree-ring width (TRW) and maximum density in the latewood (MXD) are highly correlated to local instrumental summer-temperature data ...


Somatic cell hybrids have been instrumental in the recognition of specific chromosomes containing genes capable of suppressing the malignant phenotype. As a first step towards the identification of possible suppressor genes in prostate cells, we created hybrids by fusing normal prostate cells with malignant HeLa cells. Similar to hybrids made with other combinations of normal and malignant cells, the normal phenotype was dominant and the malignant phenotype was suppressed. The phenotype of the nontumorigenic hybrids after injection into nude mice resembled that of normal keratinocyte X HeLa hybrids, and tiny, nonprogressive keratinized nodules were produced. One hybrid clone was tumorigenic, possibly due to the loss of a normal suppressor gene, and displayed glandular as well as squamous elements. Further characterization of these hybrids should permit isolation of specific suppressor genes, as well as promote recognition of elements that regulate the glandular phenotype.


As more and more high-performance imagers are flying in geostationary orbits, there has been growing interest in how to utilize the imager-derived products and how accurate those products are. Although researchers and forecasters have already been provided with very accurate data from the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model or hyperspectral sounders onboard the polar orbiters, both type of data are provided in lower temporal and spatial resolution when compared to that from high-resolution imagers such as the Advance Himawari Imager (AHI) on board Himawari-8 that is operating on orbit or the Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) on board Korea's 2 generation geostationary satellite, Geo-KOMPSAT-2A, scheduled to launch in 2018. Furthermore, NWP model accuracy decreases in the presence of clouds or in data sparse areas. This study focuses on this aspect, emphasizing the advantage of using high-resolution products, particularly moisture related products, retrieved from the AHI through a couple of case studies and suggests the potential benefits of using those products for short-range severe weather forecasting. Product accuracy is evaluated using radiosonde measurements, NWP model analysis, and Radio-Occultation measurements. Presentation will cover a brief introduction to the retrieval algorithm, which is based on an optimal estimation method with the unified model forecast as the first guess to produce clear-sky vertical profiles of temperature and moisture and other atmospheric parameters such as total precipitable water and instability indices. Algorithm characteristics and validation results will be also presented during the conference.


Map collections often include reproductions to preserve their originals or because they do not have the original that the reproduction represents. As more and more institutions catalog their map collections, they will encounter the issue of cataloging copies of maps and will need to know how to identify different types of reproductions for the purpose of describing the item in hand according to established standards and conventions. This paper provides criteria for identifying different types of map reproductions, particularly photoreproductions. In addition, it reviews standards and conventions for cataloging them, and provides examples of records that indicate when to use the 533 or 534 fields, in addition to providing some discussion and examples of records for reproductions, including facsimiles, reprints, tracings, and "in the style of" maps.


The Chinese Room paradox is about the role of intentionality and consciousness in human decision making. Here I reflect on the possibilities opened up by this paradox in the world of design and its continuous computerization.


In this study, the levels of Diuron, Irgarol 1051, and the latter's degradation product M1 were investigated in the sediment from Hiroshima Bay. Concentrations of Diuron, Irgarol 1051 and M1 in sediment samples were in the range of ND-73 ng/g, ND-28 ng/g, ND-9 ng/g, respectively.Over the study period, the detection rate percentage and the average concentration level of Irgarol for each year was 33.3 % and 2.5 ng/g in 2002, 71.4 % and 2.8 ng/g in 2003, 70.0 % and 4.0 ng/g in 2004 and 81.8 % and 6.0 ng/g in 2005.The figures for M1 were 66.6 % and 3.3 ng/g in 2002, 85.7 % and 3.6 ng/g in 2003, 70.0 % and 2.7 ng/g in 2004 and 100 % and 4.8 ng/g in 2005. Diuron's figures were 83.3 % and 12 ng/g in 2002, 50.0 % and 10.8 ng/g in 2003, 83.3 % and 14.8 ng/g in 2004 and 72.7 % and 19.6 ng/g in 2005.The detection rates percentages didn't show an upward tendency in any of the investigated materials. But the average concentration levels of the investigated materials did show an upward tendency. Especially, Diuron which had the highest average concentration levels of the three materials. So, it was shown that Diuron's concentration levels in the sediment accumulated significantly over the study period.The concentration levels were higher at the ports and dock while at the environmental standard points they were lower. It was determined that the sources of the chemicals were the ports and dock.


Recently the tough solders melting at the low temperature are becoming more and more necessary in order to diminish the bad effects on the base metals brazed in high temperature soldering operation.The authors studied the binary or ternary alloys composed of Cd-Zn and Cd-Zn-Ag. The results obtained are as follows.Among the binary alloys melting in the range of 250-450°C, the eutectic solder composed of Cd-Zn containing about 17.4% Zn possesses the best toughness and highest strength of all the other alloys. The mechanical properties are influenced adversely by the deviation of Zn% from the eutectic points. Moreover, Ag as the third element is alloyed into the Cd-Zn eutectic solders for the purpose of obtaining the higher strength. The solid solution limit 3% Ag and 6% Ag corresponding to the compound Ag Zn give the best toughness and the highest tensile strength respectively.


Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a chronic rheumatic disease associated with reduced quality of life. Obesity is an important clinical problem which may interfere with loss of functioning and quality of life. Obesity is usually an overlooked entity in patients with PsA. Several studies were invastigated prevalence and the impact of obesity on disease activity in patients with PsA, however relationship between psychological status and quality of life have not been evaluated comparatively. Objectives: To assess the impact of obesity on quality of life, psychological status and clinical parameters in patients with PsA. Methods: Patients with PsA were recruited who met CASPAR classification criteria enrolled by Turkish League Against Rheumatism-NETWORK (TLAR-NETWORK) derived from 24 different centers of our country.Patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 were considered obese. Differences among patients with or without obesity were assessed.VAS fatigue, psychological status and health related quality of life measures [SF-36; HAQ; Psoriatic arthritis quality of life (PsAQoL); Hospital Anxiety and Depresson Scale], FACIT-Fatigue, DAS28, BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, Maastrich Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES) and Psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scores were compered between this groups. Results: A total 1130 patients with PsA (36.0% male, 64.0% female) included in this study. In this cohort 37.6% obese and 62.4% non-obese. The presence of peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, uveitis and spine involvement, PASI scores as well as MASES scores were quite similar between patients with and without obesity. Obese patients had significantly higher scores in VAS fatigue and disease activity, poorer QoL and physical functions compared to non-obese patients (p<0.05). Obese patients had high risk for anxiety and depression (p <0.05). Conclusion: Obesity associated with the risk of depression and anxiety, fatigue, poorer QoL and higher disease activity.These findings suggest that obesity should be considered while assessing patients with PsA. References [1] Li W,Han J,Qureshi AA.Obesity and risk of incident psoriatic arthritis in US women.Ann Rheum Dis.2012Aug;71(8):1267-72. [2] Klingberg E,Bilberg A,Björkman S, et al.Weight loss improves disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity:an interventional study.Arthritis Res Ther.2019Jan11;21(1):17 Disclosure of Interests: Kevser Gok: None declared, Kemal Nas: None declared, Erkan Kilic: None declared, Betul Sargin: None declared, Sevtap Acer Kasman: None declared, Hakan Alkan: None declared, Nilay Sahin: None declared, Gizem Cengiz: None declared, Nihan Cuzdan: None declared, Ilknur Albayrak Gezer: None declared, Dilek Keskin: None declared, Cevriye Mülkoğlu: None declared, Hatice Resorku: None declared, İsmihan Sunar: None declared, Ajda Bal Hasturk: None declared, Mehmet Tuncay Duruöz Grant/research support from: Abvie, Speakers bureau: Novartis, AMGEN, Abdi İbrahim, İlko, Okan Kucukakkas: None declared, Ozan Volkan Yurdakul: None declared, Meltem Alkan Melikoglu: None declared, Yildiray Aydin: None declared, Figen Ayhan: None declared, Hatice Bodur: None declared, Mustafa Calis: None declared, Erhan Capkin: None declared, Gul Devrimsel: None declared, SAMI HIZMETLI: None declared, Ayhan Kamanli: None declared, Yasar Keskin: None declared, Hilal Kocabas: None declared, Oznur Kutluk: None declared, Nesrin Şen: None declared, Omer Faruk Sendur: None declared, ibrahim tekeoğlu: None declared, Murat Toprak: None declared, Sena Tolu: None declared, Tiraje Tuncer: None declared


One of the hobbies that many people are interested in and can also make money is keeping fish. There are two types of fish that are commonly kept, namely predatory ornamental fish and ornamental fish. With a selling price that is different from consumption fish, where ornamental fish have different qualities even though they have the same type and size. For lovers of Palmas senegalus albino fish, the more unique the Palmas senegalus albino fish they have, the greater the sense of pride they will have. For most palmas senegalus albino fish hobbyists, keeping fish is not only about money but about the satisfaction of seeing palmas ISSN (p): 1693-590x, ISSN (e): 2686-4711  GO INFOTECH: JURNAL ILMIAH STMIK AUB Vol. 27, No. 1, Juni 2021: 43-49 44 senegalus albino fish grow and develop properly by paying attention to aquarium conditions and also consuming palmas senegalus albino fish on a regular basis according to the needs of palmas senegalus albino fish. The purpose of this study is to facilitate feeding and turn off the aquarium lights so as to minimize the possibility of stressed fish and dead plants in the aquarium. The addition of an interface on a smartphone makes it easier for fish hobbyists to feed fish and monitor aquarium lights whether they are on or off in the Blynk application on fish hobbyist smartphones. The method used is the Waterfall method and the design method where the meaning is to combine, the authors analyze the needs and through the Waterfall method the authors design the stages to be carried out. By using Arduino IDE as a program development environment and using the C programming language. The results achieved are Palmas senegalus albino fish get a portion of food that suits their needs and plants in the aquarium get enough light so they don't die and become toxic and also moss doesn't developing rapidly. The conclusion is that this tool provides the appropriate portion of palmas senegalus albino fish feed as well as 8 hours of light so that the plants in the aquarium live and develop well and the moss does not spread quickly. Keywords— Palmas Senegalus albino fish, Light, Aquairum


Development of ornamental plant industry in Indonesia having good prospect. Anthurium is one of ornamental plant commodity which laboured many ornamental plant farmers to the effort business. In its bearing with activity business, ornamental plant farmers have to keep abreast of business always acces information in arround ornamental plant business of anthurium. In accesing information concerning anthurium, ornamental plant farmers can chosen and use various communication channel either though interpersonal channel and also mass media channel. The purpose ofthis research is to know communication channel any kind of exploited by ornamental plant business prospect anthurium, how level use o fcommunication channel by ornamental plant farmers to acces information about anthurium business prospect, how ornamental plant farmers attitude about anthurium business prospect, and how ornamental plant farmers attitude distribution about anthurium business prospect to the each type use communication channel. This research used descriptive method with survey technique. Research location is chosen intentionally in Ngargoyoso sub district Karanganyar regency. Consider that this sub district representing area broadly biggest anthurium development in Karanganyar regency. This sampling used random sampling that amount of80 respondents. To know the type and level use communications channel is used analysis the tables offrequency distribution. To measure attitude by using likert scale and to know attitude distribution to the each type use communications channel is used analysis tabulation traverse. The result ofthis research that used communications channel type is interpersonal channel and mass media channel. Level use of interpersonal communications channel many in the form of exploiting 3 source of information namely: friend, neighbour and farmer. Use of a/iance communications channel using many interpersonal channel with magazine. Ornamental plant farmer attitude in looking at anthurium business prospect that is most is positive. Farmer using interpersonal channel aliance and mass media which more behave compared to positive ofthem using just interpersonal communications channel.


SUMMARY A case of Whipple's disease in which there were some unusual features, although the results of histological in vestigation were characteristic of the disease, is reported. , This is followed by a brief review of the literature con cerning this rare condition.


As China′s economic reform continues, foreign trade with China has expanded rapidly in the past several years. During this period, export advertising has played an increasingly important role in promoting the export of Chinese products and services. Since export advertising as a marketing tool in China′s foreign trade is still in its formative stage, evaluates its past development and examines its prospects in the future. Argues that, although Chinese export advertising has developed rapidly in the past decade, foreign participation in China′s advertising is very limited. However, the tremendous market potential in China means that Western businesses need to be part of China′s economic long march. To this end, pinpoints for Western businesses some managerial implications arising from the discussion of China′s export advertising.


This paper proposes the semantic generalization. This generalization makes it possible for a shape graph, which corresponds to a relation schema in the relational data model, to have elements by considering the semantics of the elements of the original shape graphs even if there is no common element in the original shape graphs. For this purpose, viewpoints and relationship trees are introduced. A viewpoint is a sub graph of a schema graph, and plays a role of a kind of hierarchy of concepts. A relationship tree is a hierarchy of relationships. The semantic generalization is informally and formally described. It is shown that the conventional generalization could be realized by using the semantic generalization.


Since the premiere of the first version of King Kong in 1933, one of the most widely accepted theses in specialized literature is that the film has a racist content. However, recently some authors ...


To assist the study of pion resonances and their effects, the Born amplitudes for the exchange of one scalar or vector meson are given and a partial wave decomposition is made. (auth)


Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances in medical, surgical, and critical care, the mortality rate for Aspergillus endocarditis remains dismal (approaching 100%). We report a case of a 49 year old immunocompetent woman with recent aortic valve prosthesis who presents with fever, chills, sweats, left facial droop, left arm weakness, petechial rash and cyanotic toes. Initial trans-esophageal echo was normal but a repeat study revealed a 9 × 5 mm vegetation abutting the aortic prosthesis. Microbiological correlation could not be documented despite the presence of persistent fever through serial blood cultures, and the diagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis was ultimately made on embolectomy specimen when she developed an ischemic right leg. Aggressive medical treatment was initiated with intravenous voraconazole, liposomal amphotericin-B and heparin. The timing of surgical intervention was contemplated, but was precluded by multiple comorbidities. She succumbed to her illness after developing cerebral herniation following intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The effectiveness of combined medical intervention and surgical valve replacement for Aspergillus endocarditis is therefore contingent on high diagnostic suspicion and early echocardiographic detection in a high risk individual with features of culture-negative endocarditis.


Infested: How the Bed Bug Infiltrated Our Bedrooms and Took Over the World . By Brooke Borel. 2015. University of Chicago Press (ISBN 978-0226041933). 224 pages. Hardcover, $26.

This is a delightful read (for the non-entomophobe) about one woman's journey to discover all she can about the biology, history, sociology, and resurgence of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius . The interest of the author to embark on writing this small treatise – part travelogue, part science journalism, and part nonfiction mystery – arose from her long-undiagnosed bites that originated within her New York City apartment in 2004. After discovering what the bites were, the author obsessively learned all she could about these nighttime mini-vampires. Clearly, the bed bugs chose the wrong woman to bite – a skilled science writer. Ms. Borel may, through her journalism, help change public misunderstanding of bed bugs. She has been privileged to hob-nob with the …


Based on the need to monitor the failures that occur in the nodes of a network topology, in this article we propose a tool for the analysis of latency and packet loss using classification algorithms supported in decision trees. The tool uses in the background the linux MTR library for data capture and the weka API for data analysis. key words: classification algorithms, decision trees, J48, network failures.


The invention discloses a data mining method: A. Pre-set rules for data extraction and extract modeling data and appraisal data from a data source as per the rules; B. Select arithmetic to realize the modeling of the modeling data; C. Appraise the appraisal data with the established model; D. Output appraisal result. Besides, the invention also discloses a modeling method, a modeling system and a data mining system. Therefore, by setting and executing the data extraction rules, the invention is able to set and execute the workflow for data modeling to realize the modeling of dynamic and varied data.


Lane departure crashes (LDC) have the capability of causing very serious injuries or even death. The costs associated with LDC can be difficult to compute, which might impede future benefit-cost analysis or decision-making. The objective of this research was to quantify the injury outcomes and develop reliable and comprehensive injury costs for median-entry crashes (MEC) and run-off-the-road crashes (ROTR) and compare with costs of cross-median crashes (CMC) and median-barrier crashes (MBC). A three-step methodology was used to quantify the crash costs for each crash severity and type. MEC and ROTR crashes in 2006 and 2007, in addition to CMC and MBC crashes between 2001 and 2007 in Wisconsin, were identified and used in this analysis. The Wisconsin Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) database provided comprehensive injury costs based on the injury types and severities suffered by participants in study crashes. As expected, multi-vehicle CMC result in more total injuries and more severe injuries than single-vehicle CMC, MEC, ROTR and MBC. Costs by crash severity vary significantly between different crash types. On average, injury crashes could cost between $115,516 for MBC and $586,933 for multi-vehicle CMC. Results indicate that using one set of crash costs for all crash types may bias any evaluation. Using crash specific costs can lead to a more realistic benefit-cost analysis and enable better decision-making.


A regeneration system was established with sessile cotyledon,cotyledon,petiole and hypocotyl of Brassica juncea var.multiceps as explants in the different mediums.The experimental results showed cotyledon had the highest shoot regeneration ratio among the 4 explants.The optimum differentiation mediums for sessile cotyledon and cotyledon were MS+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.4 mg/L NAA+5 mg/L AgNO3 and MS+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+5 mg/L AgNO3,respectively.The best seedling ages of sessile cotyledon and cotyledon were 5 d.AgNO3 could significantly increase the percentage of shoot regeneration,and 5 mg/L AgNO3 was the optimal concentration.Different genotypes had inconspicuous effects on cotyledon regeneration,but they had obvious effects on sessile cotyledon differentiation.The best medium for root regeneration was MS+0.2 mg/L NAA.


OBJECTIVE
To provide a unified description of an adolescent's experience of living with and dying of cancer.

DESIGN
Qualitative analysis using phenomenological methods.

SETTING
Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

PATIENT
A 15-year-old boy who was diagnosed as having osteosarcoma in 2003 and died of his disease 1 year later.

INTERVENTION
Analysis of his 90-page journal that spanned 3 months just before his death.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Identification and clustering of key themes to capture the essence of his experience.

RESULTS
Five main themes that surfaced during analysis of the journal were adolescent development, escape from illness, changing relationships, symptoms, and spirituality.

CONCLUSION
A single case study can provide valuable information in a field such as pediatric palliative care in which the patient's perspective may be difficult to access or ascertain.


Developing laminar and turbulent flows have been measured in two diffusers with S- and C-shaped center-lines, small divergence angle and moderate curvature. The square inlet cross-section expanded in the plane of curvature to a rectangle with an exit-to-inlet area ratio of 1.5. Laser-Doppler anemometry was used to measure three velocity components and, in turbulent flow, the associated fluctuations and cross-correlations. Wall static pressure measurements are also reported. Flow visualization did not reveal the presence of any recirculation regions. Pressure-driven secondary flows are present in both ducts, but are generally smaller than those measured in similar ducts of uniform cross-section area.


The data of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and molar conductivity prove that there is a molecule-ion interaction between α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and sodium arsenite (SA), and the interaction site is different from that between β-CD and SA. The packing mode of α-CD molecules after adduct with SA is changed from cage to channel type. Several experimental phenomena from thermogravimetric analyses and gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry measurements reveal that the presence of SA has led to a large change of thermal decomposition behavior of α-CD, and vice versa. The current work reveals the particularity of the interaction between SA and α-CD, which would provide new insight into the understanding of molecule-ion interactions.


Problems related to image matching, such as processing time, performance, and changes in rotation and scale are widely studied. However, creating simple solutions for image matching that can be implemented in an embedded system has been overlooked. Therefore, this paper proposes a modified Normalized Cross-Correlation algorithm for embedded systems aimed at creating a low-cost solution for a cement tile application. The algorithm relies on the concept of template matching and it makes use of cross-correlation, zero-mean normalization, and thresholding for its implementation. Experimental results show that the algorithm is suitable for a cement tile application and appropriate to detect defective cement tiles during an on-site installation or manufacturing process. Finally, it is shown that the algorithm can act as a discriminator to identify quality non-conformance issues.


Taking the tea industry as the case,the issues of path dependence and the policy of institution innovation in the development of characteristic industry of South Shaanxi were analyzed.Utilizing the DEMATEL model as the tool and summarizing literatures,the institutions of the region were encapsulated.Then the degree of interaction between these institutions was analyzed.The key institutions affecting the development of characteristic industry of South Shaanxi were put forward.The innovation policies for the breakthrough of characteristic industry of South Shaanxi were probed.


This paper presents the results of a parametric and frequency analysis of discourse structuring devices in written texts. We present a typology of organisational metadiscourse markers and examine one specific category of these markers – sequencers in more detail (Jackiewicz 2002, 2003). A manual corpus analysis, allying descriptive and quantitative analyses, gives a detailed picture of how sequencers are used in the specific genre of academic writing by native authors of French and English.


—Quantitative methods for assessing the health of a natural history collection are of paramount importance for prioritizing the investment of time and resources and ensuring the longterm stability and usability of a collection's invaluable specimens. Proposed profiling methods have provided institutions with important data on the condition of their collections, but to date, no method has been implemented to permit comparisons across multiple, unrelated collections at the same institution. Presented here is a profiling method developed to allow comparisons among the ten natural history collections at the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS). The method employs eight profiling indicators, conservation status, processing state, container condition, label condition, identification level, arrangement level, data quality, and computerization level, each graded on a scale of 1 to 4 (''problematic'' to ''ideal''), with 3, across all collections and all indicators, being considered ''acceptable.'' A database was developed for profiling data entry and analysis. Finally, in order to elucidate the value of collection profiling, the results of pilot studies in the insect and mollusk collections at the INHS are presented.


Magnetic pulse welding (MPW) is a promising technology to join dissimilar metals and to produce multi-material structures, e.g. to fulfill lightweight requirements. During this impact welding process, proper collision conditions between both joining partners are essential for a sound weld formation. Controlling these conditions is difficult due to a huge number of influencing and interacting factors. Many of them are related to the pulse welding setup and the material properties of the moving part, the so-called flyer. In this paper, a new measurement system is applied that takes advantage of the high velocity impact flash. The flash is a side effect of the MPW process and its intensity depends on the impact velocity of the flyer. Thus, the intensity level can be used as a welding criterion. A procedure is described that enables the user to realize a fast parameter development with only a few experiments. The minimum energy level and the optimum distance between the parts to be joined can be identified. This is of importance since a low energy input decreases the thermal and mechanical shock loading on the tool coil and thus increases its lifetime. In a second step, the axial position of the flyer in the tool coil is adjusted to ensure a proper collision angle and a circumferential weld seam.


The aim of this study is to examine history teachers' using status of worksheets by determining their perceptions and opinions about them. In this study, descriptive method was used. In this case, the study was conducted with 90 history teachers who were working in high schools in Trabzon and Akcaabat city centers. In this study, questionnaire called "Evaluation of History Teachers' Perceptions about Worksheets" was used as a data collection instrument. As a result of this study, it has seen that majority of history teachers have positive attitudes to worksheets, but they have no enough information about worksheets in terms of theory and practice and they don't use them effectively in their courses.


The gyroscope free strap-down INS is composed only of accelerometers. Any gyroscope free INS navigation error is deeply affected by the accuracy of the sensor bias, scale factor, orientation and location error. However these parameters can be found by calibration. There is an important research issue about a multi-position calibration method in this paper. It provides a novel method to find the error parameters for the six-accelerometer INS. A superior simulation is shown that the multi-position calibration can find the specifications of a six- accelerometer INS in laboratory. From these parameters the six-accelerometer INS could apply in realistic navigation.


Data from the 1983-84 Cebu Health and Nutritional Survey and follow-ups were used in this study of time allocation by family type in the Philippines. The data pertain to Cebu City and surrounding provincial areas. The sample included 3080 mothers with a live birth in nuclear families. Time allocation data were available at baseline and 2 6 and 14 months postnatally. The baseline sample included 282 households with no children prior to the birth of the sample child 790 households with only young children prior to the birth 775 households with both young and older children prior to the birth and 138 households with only older children prior to the birth. Mothers provided 84% of the total time spent on child care. The average total hours worked per week for first-time mothers more than doubled after the birth. Labor market hours declined after the birth and increased as the child aged but not to the same level as prenatally by 14 months postnatally. Housework time remained stable over the four time periods. Average total work hours for mothers with children prior to the birth of the sample child were about the same as for first-time mothers after the birth. Average time spent in child care increased for mothers with small children by 10 hours/week and leisure time and work time each decreased by 5 hours/week. Mothers with small children worked more hours than first-time mothers. Differences between mothers with small children and first-time mothers were greatest before the birth and at 14 months postnatally. Fathers did not increase their work time after the childs birth to compensate for mothers loss of work time. Fathers time spent on child care increased if there were other small children. Older daughters spent a significant amount of time on child care and the time spent complemented mothers time spent. Additional time spent in child care differed by household type. Economies of scale were affected by birth spacing.


Seronegative arthritis , Rheumatoid arthritis and such disorders causing chronic pain and swelling of Joints and tendon sheaths  represent the consequences of a deranged immune mechanism that selectively targets the synovial membrane. Any joint or tissue with a synovial lining can be affected by an inflammatory response which has the potential to persist indefinitely in some cases. The bedrock on which management rests is therefore on drugs such as DMARDS ('disease modifying drugs') and almost all modern regimens include Methotrexate (MTX) as a single or part of a multiple drug therapeutic armamentarium. However, our options of management are severely compromised in renal failure when MTX and NSAIDS (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are contraindicated. We describe such a case and results following a therapeutic Arthroscopic total synovectomy .


The precise estimation of the gravitational acceleration is important for various disciplines. We consider making such an estimation using quantum optics. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer in an "optical fountain" type arrangement is considered and used to define a standard quantum limit for estimating the gravitational acceleration. We use an approach based on quantum field theory on a curved, Schwarzschild metric background to calculate the coupling between the gravitational field and the optical signal. The analysis is extended to include the injection of a squeezed vacuum to the Mach-Zehnder arrangement and also to consider an active, two-mode SU(1,1) interferometer in a similar arrangement. When detection loss is larger than 8%, the SU(1,1) interferometer shows an advantage over the MZ interferometer with single-mode squeezing input. The proposed system is based on current technology and could be used to examine the intersection of quantum theory and general relativity as well as for possible applications.


Can reading " bye " influence how much someone will pay to " buy " a product? Can reading " wait " influence perceptions of an object's " weight " ? We investigate conditions where one homophone – words that sounds the same as another but has different spelling and meaning –primes perceptions and behaviors related to the complementary homophone.


Supraventricular arrhythmias continue to complicate the postoperative course of patients following coronary artery bypass grafting. In a randomized, open, controlled trial we assessed the value of two different beta-blocking agents in the prevention and treatment of these arrhythmias. Of 151 consecutive pa tients undergoing coronary artery surgery, 39 were treated with metoprolol and 41 were treated with sotalol (a beta blocker with class III antiarrhythmic prop erties). Fifty patients served as a control group and received no prophylactic therapy. Twenty-one patients were eliminated from the study for various rea sons, making a final total of 130 in the study group. In the metoprolol group 15.3% of patients developed supraventricular tachycardia SVT after coronary artery surgery, which was significantly less (p < 0.05) than the incidence observed in the control group. However, in the group of patients receiving sotalol, 2.4% developed SVT (p < 0.01 compared with the control group). Of 18 patients in the control group who developed SVT after randomization, 10 received sotalol and 4 metoprolol to terminate the arrhythmia. The mean time of termination of SVT after drug administration was 2.4±1.8 hours for treatment with sotalol and 13.6±9.8 hours for treatment with metoprolol. We conclude that sotalol significantly reduces the incidence of supraventric ular tachycardia in the early period after coronary artery bypass surgery.


This thesis presents extensive research about the behaviour and mechanical properties of compressed earth block,CEB. One of the main problems for the development of new earth building has been the lack of standard criteria that could inform an accurate evaluation of the material. Therefore, in order to fully characterize the compressed earth block, suitable test procedures for compressive strength tests of the CEB have been studied. Specifically, we analyzed the effect of specimen size and the conditioning of the contact surfaces between the platens of the testing machine and the specimen. Furthermore, we searched for the most appropriate method to characterize the behaviour and to determine the tensile strength of CEB. Finally, the application of CEB in the concepts of fracture mechanics by adapting standard tests in concrete have been proposed, in order to know the ductility of this material. This research may help to understand the characteristics and mechanical behaviour of four types of CEB manufactured in different cities in Spain.


The paper describes the questionnaire study that was designed to unfold the relationship between different body back discomfort levels over time. One hundred and four anonymous self administered questionnaires were completed at Schipol International Airport, the Netherlands from October through November 2008. Long haul economy class aircraft passengers are at risk of uncomfortable for long hour sitting and experience significant uncomfortable at different body back parts such as arm, neck and lower leg.


In this experiment,commercial white pepper as raw materials extracted by Soxhlet extraction of white pepper oil resin,and the choice of solvent,refluxing time,solid to liquid ratio,particle fragmentation,four factors on the extraction yield of pepper oil resin,the impact of the test.The results show that:the use of chloroform extract of white pepper oil resin with the highest rate,but because it has some toxicity of ethanol taken into account as the best solvent,Soxhlet extraction of various factors on the yield of white pepper oleoresin effect relationship between the primary and secondary the order:ACB,that the reflux timefragmentationliquid ratio,and extraction time on the pepper resin yield a very significant impact,solid to liquid ratio on the yield had significant effects,fragmentation of the yield of relatively significant.Extracted by Soxhlet extraction white pepper oleoresin optimal extraction condition was A3B1C3,distillation,extraction time 5h,solid to liquid ratio of 15:100,80 mesh particle fragmentation,under these conditions,white pepper oleoresin yield was 12.06%,better than the other conditions combined.


A COMPARISON OF TWO ULTRASOUND METHODS FOR PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS IN SANTA INES SHEEP Sheep production is a promising alternative to cattle production. Therefore, the growing demand for productivity requires animals of high genetic and zootechnical qualities. To increase the number of such animals, it is necessary to use appropriate reproductive techniques and effective diagnostic methods as well as to monitor pregnancies. A failure in diagnosis may lead to great economic losses. This study assesses two methods for early diagnosis in sheep: transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound. The ultrasound exam is a safe method that provides fast and accurate pregnancy diagnosis in small ruminants. A total of 14 non-pregnant Santa Ines ewes were submitted to an estrus synchronization program and were naturally bred during heat cycles. Ultrasound exams were performed after 15, 22, and 30 days of pregnancy. The transrectal approach was efficient for pregnancy diagnosis up to day 30. After this period, the transabdominal approach was regarded as a better diagnosing technique due to its greater convenience.


Though the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 extends public and private insurance to 32 million individuals in the USA, it expressly excludes unauthorised adult immigrants from participating in the federally-subsidised state health exchanges and the Medicaid expansion. In this article, we show that the ACA has deepened the 'brightness' of unauthorised immigrants' symbolic and social exclusion within the US health care system via a significant boundary expansion for US citizens and long-term legal immigrants that has no parallel for unauthorised immigrants. As an alternative model, we highlight two subnational jurisdictions—one city/county (San Francisco) and one state (Massachusetts)—to show how they have played more promising roles to reframe and unfreeze this 'frozen-out' population. While we demonstrate commonalities in how San Francisco and Massachusetts have successfully 'blurred' unauthorised immigrants' symbolic exclusion and reduced their barriers to health care at the subnational level, we also highlight their mutual limitations, which signal an ongoing need for federal inclusion currently out of sight. Our findings speak to contemporary debates about whether immigrant incorporation is best achieved at the supranational, national or subnational levels.


A gas generator assembly and method of operation. A plurality of gas laterally adjacent and laterally and axially supported sheet stack occurs housed within the housing. Ignition of the gas generating material is placed between the sheet and the initiator. When ignited by an ignition material initiator, the gas generant wafer stack is ignited and combusted, thereby producing a gas, when the pressure within the housing to achieve sufficient pressure exceeding ambient pressure outside of the gas outlet opening and closing the exhaust gas released into the emission structure, the structure of the gas through the exhaust gas heat dissipating material, such that exhaust gases before use for structures intended to cool the gas.


Aerospace vehicles are vulnerable to hardware and software faults that lead to mission-critical failures. Advances in onboard fault protection capability are necessary as both terrestrial and space...


The positivity ratio reflects the ratio of positive affect to negative affect. In two studies, the authors investigated the relationship between positivity ratio and functioning under stress. Study 1 examined gastric cancer patients (N = 123) and Study 2 explored hospital personnel exposed to missile attacks (N = 84). In both studies, there was a curvilinear relationship between positivity ratio and functioning. As the positivity ratio increased there was a steep decrease in maladaptive functioning. The decrease in maladaptive functioning leveled at around a ratio of three, from which point maladaptive functioning stayed the same, or even started to mildly ascend, till the maximum positivity ratio score. Taken together, this finding indicates that a moderate positivity ratio is sufficient for optimal functioning at the midst of stress. Implications for the role of affect in coping with stress are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Test fauna, Lumbricus terrestis, were obtained from two oil spillage-prone sites in Rivers State, Nigeria and were treated with varying concentrations of Bonny Light crude oil with known physico-chemical properties to determine the "all or none" response of the Lumbricus terrestis to lethal doses of the test compound.
Data based on quantal response (mortality) were subjected to probit analysis using the Standard Probability Scale of three-cycle logarithm (AP-0573-GT). Toxicity Index, LC50 (median lethal concentration) of 74.14ml/L and 17.82ml/L of Bonny Light were obtained after 48 and 96 hours respectively for animals from Ogbodo-Isiokpo while 70.79ml/L and 16.98ml/L of Bonny Light were obtained after 48 and 96 hours respectively for animals from Eneka. These results imply that such concentrations of Bonny Light crude oil would be lethal to 50% of the population density of Lumbricus terrestis within the fixed periods of 48 and 96 hours respectively. One of its major highlights is the decrease in the values of LC50 with time of exposure (24 hours - 96 hours). Expectedly, higher exposure periods to the crude oil might have induced more toxicity. LC50 after 24 hours was not possibly determined because no mortality was recorded for animals exposed to the test compound within the fixed period of 24 hours.
Key words: crude oil, test fauna, toxicity index, quantal response, oil spillage –prone sites.
[Global Jnl Environ Sci Vol.1(1) 2002: 59-64]


This paper proposes guided-colorization-based image coding that utilizes a guide image for encoding chroma components. Up to now, several colorization-based image coding techniques have been proposed. In those techniques, the luma component is encoded by a standard encoder, while the two chroma components by colorization. Namely, the encoder selects representative chroma samples and the decoder recovers the entire chroma components from the representative chroma samples and the luma samples by solving optimization. The colorization relies on the assumption that chroma samples in a local region have a similar distribution that the corresponding luminance samples have. However, since the assumption often fails for many color images, it cannot recover the chroma components accurately. In this work, we utilize guide chroma components of a similar color image for recovering the chroma components. Such image can be found from, for example, users' photo storages. For more efficient guided colorization, we introduce global kernels which enable accurate chroma recovery from fewer representative chroma samples required in conventional methods. We perform an evaluation in lossy color image coding and show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Since the discovery of the role of female hormones in breast cancer (BC) pathophysiology, in vivo detection of oestrogen receptor (ER) distribution has been one of the major goals of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging [...].


The inhibitory effect of aspirin (ASA) on platelet function has been well known, but the inhibitory mechanism has not been known yet. In this study, the effects of ASA on the aggregation and release reaction of rabbit platelets and the inhibitory site of ASA were investigated, and the following results were obtained : 1) In a series of in vitro experiment, the addition of 10-6 M of ASA to normal citrated platelet-rich plasma prolonged_ lag time and suppressed the maximum rate of the platelet aggregation induced by collagen. The addition of more than 10-4 M of ASA completely inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. No significant inhibition of primary aggregation induced by ADP was observed.2) ASA inhibited collagen-or ADP-induced release of both platelet factor 3 and serotonin from platelets.3) Significant inhibition of the collagen-induced platelet aggregation become evident as early as 1 to 2 hrs and was maintained till 48 hrs, following the single dose of more than 0.05g of ASA. Increase in oral dose of ASA ingested to 1.0g did not enhance the inhibitory effect. Ingestion of 0.01g of ASA resulted in lesser and transient inhibition in the collagen-induced platelet aggregation.4) Coagulation parameters were not influenced by ingestion of ASA except for a slight decrease in plasma concentration of fibrinogen.5) In vitro study with washed or gel-filtered platelet revealed that the inhibitory effect of ASA on collagen-induced aggregation of platelets is mainly due to the direct modification of the platelet itself rather than to change of a plasma cofactor.


Spatially programmable surface properties are important building blocks for future microfluidic and biosensor devices. We demonstrate switching of a photochromic surface with a blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) suitable as an integrated on-chip light source. The surface of a positive polydimethylsiloxane replica of a fresh lotus leaf is covalently functionalized with a photoswitchable azobenzene self-assembled monolayer employing "click chemistry." 80% of the azobenzene molecules are switched from cis to trans state within 4 min of OLED irradiation. A spatially resolved study of the azobenzene switching properties on the naturally inhomogeneous lotus surface is conducted evaluating the transmission of a 355-nm laser beam. In the area of the leaf veins the highest change in the relative transmission of 100% is obtained upon switching from trans form to cis form under UV illumination. In comparison, an azobenzene-functionalized flat glass surface exhibits only a 0.5% change in the relative transmission.


By comprehensive chemical analysis of samples taken from 520 heats for three steel grades(steel Q235,20,rail steel)which were collected from eight plants,the content of residual trace elements brought by iron ores into steels is given It shows that by using local iron ore resources some trace elements in those iron ores are brougth into steels and make them particular with local characteristics


There is a large amount of writing on cinema in French contemporary philosophy. Here we try to analyze the most important theories, especially those by Gilles Deleuze and Jacques Ranciere, in order to rethink the relationship between aesthetics and politics.


This article analyzes home invasion robberies committed by Asian suspects on Asian victims. The characteristics of Asian home invasion robbery suspects and their modus operandi are discussed in detail. Investigative techniques are outlined for law enforcement officers, and home invasion robberies are considered from multiple perspectives, including that of the victim. This article is of considerable interest to law enforcement investigators, criminal justice instructors, criminologists, and potential victims in the Asian community.


Motivation is a fairly complex and very important factor in second language teaching and learning. Discussing the definition and classification of motivation, analyzing the causes of losing motivation and putting out some effective ways to arouse students' motivation can promote teaching of the second language.


Objective To observe hormone-inhale's Immuno-regulation effect on thc serum level of IgA IgG IgM in asthmatic children.Methods The levels of immunoglobulinA,immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A in the serum of 67 cases of asthmatics children (Asthma group )before and after inhaling hormone and 29cases of healthy children ( Control Group) were measured with Immunoturbidimetry.Results Levels of IgG and IgM in Asthma Group before and after inhaling hormone were significantly higher than in Healthy Group,They were lower after inhaling hormone than before inhaling hormone.IgA in serum in Asthma Group before inhaling hormone was markedly lower than in Control Group and Asthma Group after inhaling hormone ( P <0.01 ),there was no diffierence between Asthma Group after inhaling hormone and Control Group.Conclusion Our result shows that IgA IgG IgM play an very important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.Hormone-inhale can regulate the imblance of immunoglobulins of Serum in children witn asthma

Key words:
Hormone-inhale;  Children;  Asthma;  Immunoglobulin


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This chapter describes the development and operation of a knowledge system to support learning of organizational knowledge at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It describes in detail requirements generation, implementation, and rollout of the system and presents results from performance and usage data collected over 19 weeks of operation. Although the underlying technology was relatively straightforward, the development process had to address concerns from multiple stakeholders, support a broad user base, and incorporate a cost-effective approach to knowledge validation. These, in turn, impacted requirements, design, and maintenance of the system and how it was deployed within the organization. This case demonstrates that a relatively "simple" system can effectively support learning or organizational knowledge, while still presenting a variety of challenges during the implementation process.


The current study examined whether infants use previous encounters for maintaining expectations for adults'
 contingent responding. An unfamiliar adult responded contingently or non-contingently to infant signaling during an initial play
 situation and 10 min later presented an ambiguous toy while providing positive information (Experiment 1; forty-two
 12-month-olds). The infants in the contingent group looked more at the adult during toy presentation and played more with the toy
 during the concluding free-play situation than the infants in the non-contingent group. When the parent had responded contingently
 or non-contingently to infant bids (Experiment 2; forty 12-month-olds), the infants in the contingent group tended to look more at
 the parent and tended to play more with the toy than did the infants in the non-contingent group. The results indicate that from
 just a brief exposure, infants form expectations about adults' responsiveness and maintain these expectations of
 contingent/non-contingent responding from one situation to another.


In order to explore how to improve the aroma of geographical indications products in Yunnan-Pu'er Tea Using Electronic Nose System, the aroma components of Five-star Pu'er ripe tea of Fuyuanchang (2005 vintage) was defected, which treated by different High voltage Pulsed Electric Field (HPEF). And Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and loadings analysis (Loading) were take on by Winmuster software, then combining response curve peak transuded comparison, the orthogonal test of the results from the experiment was done. The result proved that the content of aroma composition changed prominently after HPEF processing. The three kind of aroma component which include alcohol, organic sulfide and short-chain alkane increased significantly. In the condition of 18 kV/180 Hz/30 min, the three kinds of aroma composition increased the most and the average increase was 12.5%; and under the condition of 12kV/150Hz/45 min, the increase come secondly with the average of 11.1%. In addition, the other promoted condition of HPEF included 18 kV/120 Hz/60 min, 12 kV/120 Hz/60 min and 18 kV/120 Hz/30 min and the first condition was better than the others. The electric field voltage was the essential determinant which effected the content of aroma composition.


Early treatment of schizophrenia improves outcomes. Clozapine appears to have unique benefit when other antipsychotic medication has failed. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to assess clozapine's superiority over alternative antipsychotic medication and examine whether earlier use is associated with additional benefit.


Effect of sewage sludge on germination, growth and biomass yield of sorghum crop was studied utilizing three calcareous soils and the sewage sludge at the rate of 0, 25, 50 and 75 Mg haG in a pot experiment. The mean crop germination ranged between 77.5-97.5 percent and there was no significant reduction in germination due to sewage sludge application. Mean plant height ranged between 33.98-77.60 cm and the mean biomass ranged bgtween 0.075-0.525 kg per pot in different sewage sludge treatments. The plant height and the biomass yield increased significantly with an increase in sewage sludge application. There was an increasing trend in plant height and total biomass yield in heavy textured soil than other soils. There was no significant effect of varying CaCO3 contents of soils on crop germination, plant height and biomass yield receiving different rates of sewage sludge. In conclusion, there exists an excellent potential for the use of sewage sludge not only as organic matter but also a promising source of plant nutrition for increasing the productivity of sandy calcareous soils in an arid environment. The research findings also highlighted the usefulness of sewage sludge and sewage waste for its utilization as organic matter for reasonable forage production as well as to minimize the expected environmental hazards from land disposal of these sewage wastes.


Notwithstanding the historically significant role of the states in regulating charities, the duty of loyalty owed by trustees of charitable trusts and directors of charitable corporations under state law is now largely eclipsed by federal tax laws that effectively regulate fiduciary behavior. This Article describes, analyzes, and evaluates this federalization of the duty of loyalty embodied in the federal tax regime. After briefly summarizing the nature of the duty of loyalty under state law, this Article discusses the federalization of the duty of loyalty inherent in (1) fundamental requirements for obtaining and maintaining exemption from federal income taxation as a charitable entity, and (2) the federal excise tax regime governing charities. This Article further explains that numerous disparate standards and rules pertaining to the duty of loyalty emerge from the federal excise tax regime, and then identifies and articulates important assumptions that appear to underlie the federalization of the duty of loyalty under United States tax law. This Article next assesses the current federalized duty of loyalty.


Programmed teaching is a part of modern teaching systems made in the middle of the twentieth century in order to make the teaching more effective, more intensive and more individual. The idea of programmed teaching as a specific way of organizing and structuring the teaching has come up from two American psychologists Scinner and Holland and it has provoked us to check its methodological and didactics values such as its effects when it comes to Physical Education. This research has the experimental nature and it has been done in order to determine the differences between the levels of mobile abilities concerning the gymnastics element of somersault inside the two groups: the first one was an experimental group where the teaching was created and realized according to the programmed methods, and the other one, the control group, was realized with standard teaching methods. Positive effects of the experimental treatment have confirmed the assumption that it is possible and desirable to apply the programmed teaching on the classes of Physical Education.


Male and female strobilus production and seed production were measured in multiple years in three natural populations of Taxus cuspidata in Japan. Our goal was to record variation in these parameters among individuals, among populations, and from year to year in this species, which is defined as dioecious. We also wished to determine whether cosexual individuals occurred in the sampled T. cuspidata populations. Male and female strobilus production varied significantly among male and female individuals, respectively, and individuals had significant annual variation in male and female strobilus production. Significant variation in male and female strobilus production was also recorded in comparisons among T. cuspidata populations. In some populations, males were significantly larger than females, but this result was not consistently observed. No cosexual individuals were recorded in any of the populations studied. Correlations among reproductive variables and measured vegetative characters were generally non-significant at all sites and in most years, with a few exceptions. When compared with other Taxus species, strobilus ratios in T. cuspidata were less male biased (2.3 male strobili per female strobilus in T. cuspidata versus 8.7 and 7.0 male strobili per female strobilus in Taxus brevifolia and Taxus canadensis, respectively). Seed production efficiency was comparable to T. brevifolia, but less than half of that recorded for T. canadensis, the only species of the genus that has individuals that are typically cosexual.


Aimed at muddy water polluting separated coal in dirty pool,The arch sieve is applied to deal with muddy water in order not to pollute separated coal.The separating machine has been improved.The quality and rate of products are increased.


We develop a formal model to understand the selection and influence effects of social proximity between business partners. Consistent with the model's predictions, we find that US venture capitalists (VCs) are more likely to select startups with coethnic executives for investment, particularly when the probability of the startups' success appears low. Ethnic proximity between VCs and the startups they invest in is positively related to performance, measured by the probability of the companies' successful exit through acquisitions and initial public offerings (IPOs), and net income after IPO. Two-stage regression estimates suggest that these positive performance outcomes are largely due to influence, that is, superior communication and coordination between coethnic VCs and startup executives after the investment. To the extent that VCs expect to work better with coethnic startups, they invest in coethnic ventures that are of lower observable quality than non-coethnic ventures.


Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human placenta hydrolysate (HPH) Laennec® in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a clinical trial.Material and methods. The study involved hospitalized NAFLD patients (with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis) (n=34, mean age 53±14 years). In the therapy group (n=17), patients received Laennec® HPH (4 ml intravenous drip infusion in a solution of 5% glucose 5 times a week for 2 weeks). In the control group (n=17), patients hospitalized in other departments of the clinic did not receive any therapy for NAFLD. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed after 2 and 3 weeks by subjective NAFLD symptoms (fatigue, anorexia, bloating, constipation, nausea, and pain in hypochondrium) and biochemical indicators of liver function: levels of blood serum aspartate aminotrans-ferase (AST), alanine notransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT).Results. At the start of the study, there were no significant differences between the groups in the values of the studied indicators of liver function: blood levels of AST, ALT, GGT, etc. By the end of Week 1, a significant decrease in AST levels was registered in the group receiving Laennec® (–35 U/l; control: –8 U/l; p<0.001), ALT (–45 U/l; control: –10 U/l; p<0.001), and GGT (–23 U/l; control: –8 U/l; p=0.084; trend). At the end of the study (Week 3), the decrease in AST, ALT and GGT levels towards the normal range was even more pronounced for all three biomarkers: AST (–62 U/l; control: –23 U/l; p<0.001), ALT (–78 U/l; control: –20 U/l; p<0.001), GGT (–40 U/l; control: –15 U/l; p=0.005). Subjective NAFLD symptoms significantly improved after 3 weeks. No adverse effects were identified with the use of HPH. Conclusion. Laennec® is an effective and safe treatment for NAFLD.


Epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me) has been reported to inhibit type I allergy better than epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L). We examined the effects of extraction and sterilization on the catechin content and histamine release from mast cells, as a representative reaction of early phase allergy, in the manufacture of 'Benifuuki' green tea beverage. Among various varieties of tea, the cultivar 'Benifuuki' contains approximately 2% of EGCG3″Me. Ester-type catechins and their epimers increased with the increased extraction temperature of the tea. A tea infusion, extracted at 90 °C, strongly inhibited histamine release from mast cells. Furthermore, sterilization affected the catechin content in the manufactured green tea beverage. Sterilization at high temperature promoted the isomerization of catechins and the sterilized green tea beverage had a strong inhibitory effect. When EGCG3″Me, EGCG, epicatechin-3-O-gallate (ECG) and their epimers, GCG3″Me (gallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate), GCG (gallocatechin-3-O-gallate) and CG (catechin-3-O-gallate) were compared, the anti-allergic effect of GCG3″Me was strongest, and the order of activity was GCG3″Me > EGCG3″Me > GCG > EGCG. We consequently suggest that it was necessary to extract components from tea at the highest temperature possible, and to pasteurize under retort conditions (118.1 °C, 20 min), to manufacture functional green tea beverage with an anti-allergic action. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry


We apply inverse weak value amplification to an integrated Sagnac interferometer gyroscope. We demonstrate rotation measurement with the weak value gyroscope.


The paper deals with dynamic tensile tests on Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer – CFRP laminates. As a result of their viscoelastic nature, plastics exhibit rate dependence in their stress-strain response. The need to develop failure criteria to determine the dynamic failure stress for composite material under dynamic loading conditions is a current challenge for the research community. The main goal of such paper is to assess the efficiency of the analytical models provided by literature to predict the strain-rate effects on composite coupons tensile strength. Moreover, experimental tests have been performed in order to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of different stacking sequences at different strain rate.


Hydrothermal experiments on synthetic Ca-Mg.-Fe pyroxenes at 810°C and Pfluid = Ptotal = 15 kbar show that augites coexisting with orthopyroxene range in CaSiO3 content from 43 ± 1 mole percent (Fe/Fe+Mg = 0.18) to 38±1 mole percent (Fe/Fe+Mg = 0.75). Experimentally determined distribution coefficients KD = (XMgHyp · XFeAug)/(XFeHyp · XMgAug) are compatible with a constant value 0.690, but probably increase with increasing bulk Fe/Fe+Mg.

If the CaSiO3 content of augites is insensitive to total pressure, these data may be used to estimate temperatures of equilibration for coexisting natural pyroxenes that are low in "non-quadrilateral" components such as Al, Ti, Mn, and Cr. In particular, many lunar metamorphic rocks appear to have equilibrated to temperatures of 800°C and lower. These results support the view that there has been profound thermal metamorphism of the lunar crust in the interval 4.6 to approximately 4.0 G.y.