Clifford R. Barnett is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Stanford University. He notes that all of his professional publications are cited in this presentation. Of the 23 articles and books listed, only five of the citations (including his doctoral dissertation) have only one person named as a single author. The co-authors listed with him for nearly 80 percent of his publications include: sociologists, anthropologists, pediatricians, psychologists, psychiatrists, geneticists, economists, political scientists, retired military officers and professional writers. Given the cultural emphasis we have on the individual, it is understandable that in the social sciences particularly, group projects are not a significant part of the educational experience at the university level. When he had his first university appointment in 1964 at Stanford University he encouraged students to work in small groups on their term projects. Readers may wonder whether every team member contributes significantly to the end produ...


OBJECTIVE
To model the benefit of an innovative measure to manage patients with diabetes and a foot ulcer, or at high risk of ulceration, using a soft-heel casting, which can be applied by a podiatrist or other trained staff member and used in the hospital or community setting.

METHOD
An audit of the patient outcomes associated with the casting at NHS Borders was undertaken for inpatients with ulcers. These data were combined with other published data and expert opinion to model the benefit of the casting for prevention and curative purposes compared to standard practice. Cost of healed and unhealed ulcers in various settings was estimated based on the treatment pathways adopted.

RESULTS
The data from the economic model suggest that soft-heel castings could reduce the costs of managing these patients by approximately 10%; about £500 per inpatient and £425 per outpatient with an ulcer, and £205 per high-risk patient, when used for prevention.

CONCLUSION
This cost-consequence analysis suggests the intervention could save about 10% of costs for managing patients with an active ulcer in inpatients or outpatients and offers potential savings if used as a preventive measure. Further studies are required to confirm the estimated clinical benefit and reduced resource use.


Decomposed into Gauβlets (Gaussian beamlets or "fat rays"), a diffracting wavefield can be propagated through an optical system by simple ray tracing. As an update to a 1990 ILDC presentation, the method's progress since then is covered along with new comparisons against more precise solutions.


In the mining industry there is the problem of the formation of oversize blocks rocks, which require secondary crushing. Using the combined method of electric crushing oversized to accelerate compared with the technologies using today, and automate this process. The main task in this method is a shift from the source industrial frequency power supply to the pulse of electrical energy. An important component is the switching time is necessary take into account the direction of the current flowing through the rocks. For these purposes the controller Arduino Uno, which allows to configure the switching power sources. Introduction In the mining industry there is the issue of the secondary crushing oversized rocks. Secondary crushing the destruction of oversize rock mass in open pit and underground mining. At the blasting is not possible to achieve a uniform splitting of the rock, due to rock inhomogeneities formed oversized pieces. A particularly acute problem in underground mining. transportation of oversized rocks on the surface impossible. There are methods for crushing oversized. Conventionally are using mechanical or detonation of the explosive methods. But also to develop new methods of crushing, based on the principle of electrical breakdown in a solid. Combined splitting method is based on the impact on the rock power frequency current, upon reaching a certain value is made the supply of high-voltage pulse. Which creates electrodynamic effects inside the rock, leading to destruction. For this method, a device that allows for the achievement of the required parameters turn off the power frequency current, and apply a high voltage pulse. Methods In the combined method of crushing the Communist Party. Which, initiates the formation of a conductive channel due to the release of energy by Joule-Lenz. Then, formed on the conductive channel filled with a mass of molten rock, is supplied a high voltage pulse which generates electrodynamic effects on the rock, leading to its destruction [1]. By using this technology, the fundamental is the time when the high-voltage pulse is fed. When the flow of power frequency current, the current does not vary linearly. Figure 1. Graph of change of current according to time. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 I


Panelists: • Chair: Jack Bostelman, President of KM/JD Consulting LLC (former partner of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP), San Francisco, CA. Chair of Knowledge Strategy Interest Group, Law Practice Division. Member of Section of Business Law. • Nasym Korloo, Knowledge Management Attorney (former associate in Mergers & Acquisitions and Private Equity Groups), Paul Hastings LLP, Los Angeles, CA. Member of Law Practice Division, Young Lawyers Division and Section of Business Law. • Michael Spekter, Law Firm of Michael Spekter, Esq. (Adjunct Professor of Law, University of Baltimore Law School), Washington, D.C. Vice Chair of Solo/Small Firm Interest Group, Law Practice Division.


The response to antiviral therapy is lower in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with genotype 1 than in those with genotype 2. Overexpression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene in liver tissue is associated with a poorer treatment outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C viral genotype 1. Also, insulin resistance has been implicated in nonresponse to an anti‐HCV treatment. To understand why HCV genotype 1 patients respond differently, we investigated SOCS3 gene expression, metabolic syndrome (MS), and the response to therapy in a cohort of patients with HCV‐related hepatitis. A total of 198 patients (108 with genotype 1 and 90 with genotype 2) treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin were consecutively enrolled in the study. We measured SOCS3 expression in Epstein‐Barr virus–transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from peripheral lymphocytes of a subset of 130 patients. MS was more frequent in genotype 1 patients than in genotype 2 patients (P < 0.01). Nonresponders (P < 0.01), MS (P < 0.001), and genotype 1 (P < 0.001) were significantly related to SOCS3 overexpression. However, SOCS3 levels were higher in nonresponders also, regardless of the genotype (P < 0.01). In a univariate analysis, the genotype (P < 0.001), age (P < 0.001), SOCS3 (P < 0.001), and MS (P < 0.001) were significantly related to the response to therapy. However, in a multivariate analysis, SOCS3 was the only independent predictor of the response (odds ratio = 6.7; P < 0.005). Conclusion: We speculate that SOCS3 expression per se may influence the response to antiviral therapy and that the genotype 1b virus might induce its up‐regulation. This may account for the different responses to therapy between genotype 1–infected and genotype 2–infected patients. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)


* Introduction Simon Caney, David George, and Peter Jones. * National Identity and National Self-Determination D. George. * What Place for Nationalism in the Modern World? Neil MacCormick. * What Is Nationality and Is There a Right to National Self-Determination? John Charvet. * The Skeleton in the Cupboard: Nationhood, Patriotism and Limited Loyalties Margaret Canovan. * Reconstructing the Landscape of Imagination Yael Tamir. * National Obligations: Political, Cultural or Societal? Paul Gilbert. * Individuals, Nations and Obligations S. Caney. * Territorial Justice Hillel Steiner. * Environmental Rights and National Sovereignty Helen Batty and Tim Gray. * Cultural Pluralism, Universal Principles, and International Relations Theory Chris Brown. * International Human Rights: Philosophical or Political? P. Jones.


1 It is known that solar energy for glucose synthesis is transmitted as work. Here it is shown for the first time that there are pigments which reemit solar photons without energy conversion in form of heat dissipation and work production. We found that this antenna pig� ments make 77% of all pigment molecules in a photo� system. Their existence and participation in energy transfer allow chloroplasts to overcome the efficiency threshold for working pigments as classic heat engine and reach 71% efficiency for light and dark photosyn� thesis reactions. Formula for efficiency calculation take into account differences of photosynthesis in spe� cific cells. We are also able to find the efficiency of gly� colysis, Calvin and Krebs cycles in different organ� isms. The Sun supplies plants with energy. Only 0.001 of the solar energy reaching the Earth surface is used for


Diacetoxyscirpenol, the principal toxic metabolic product of Fusarium scirpi, is shown to possess structure (Ia) by transformation to a derivative (IIId) of verrucarol.


A new sensing approach, employing diffraction gratings of hydrogel functionalized with glucose oxidase (GOx), was developed for quantitative glucose detection.


In this study, the control of post-motion residual vibrations of a two-link flexible manipulator is investigated. The manipulator is modeled in ANSYS by using APDL (Ansys Parametric Design Language). The post-motion vibration signals are simulated by transient analysis which is performed in ANSYS based on the finite element theory. Experimental results are also presented and compared with simulation results. Trapezoidal velocity profiles are used for the motors. The acceleration, constant velocity and deceleration time intervals of the trapezoidal velocity profile are determined by considering the lowest natural frequency of the manipulator structure at the stopping position. Various starting and stopping positions are considered. The root mean square (RMS) acceleration values of the vibration signals after stopping are calculated. It is observed that the residual vibration is sensitive to the deceleration time.  The RMS values are lowest if the inverse of the deceleration time is equal to the first natural frequency.  It is highest if the inverse of the deceleration time is equal to the half of the first natural frequency. It is observed that simulation and experimental results are in good agreement.


A multi-level system which utilizes both an evidential and a qualitative model for diagnosing fault symptoms in complex electro-mechanical systems is presented. The operation of both models, enhancement by a historical database, and the global control strategy are all discussed. In addition, the constraining of qualitative reasoning with information from the evidential session and the enhancement of the evidential model with information from the qualitative model is demonstrated.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the sphere of electric engineering, to electrical machines with magnets on a stator, and can be used in electrical drives of machines and mechanisms, as well as in electrical power generators. The brushless machine comprises a rotor with a shaft and at least one gear ring on it with teeth placed around the gap circle. The stator comprises a toothed magnet core, a winding, which coils are placed to grooves of the stator magnet core. The multipole magnet system is made of hard-magnetic material and placed between the rotor and stator magnet core, fixed at the stator and magnetised so that at surfaces of the stator teeth faced towards the gap there is an equal quantity of alternating opposite poles along rotation direction of the rotor. The stator is made as a body of rotation with several teeth placed along the rotor axis of rotation. Each coil of the winding is placed to one stator groove. Over each stator tooth there are only teeth of one toothed fragment of the rotor. The number of teeth at each gear ring is equal to a half of poles placed at one stator tooth. EFFECT: increase of the electric machine specific power and reduction of active material weight. 18 cl, 13 dwg


Object To isolate the chemical constituents from fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes from Scleroderma citrinum Pers. Methods The constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, and the structures were elucidated by spectrum analysis (IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR). Results Eight compounds were identified as: (22E, 24R)-ergosta-5, 7, 22-triene-3β-ol (Ⅰ), 5α-lanosta-8 (Ⅸ), 23-diene-3β, 25-diol-22-acetate ester (Ⅱ), 5α, 8α-epidioxy-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-6, 22-diene-3β-ol (Ⅲ), (2S, 3S, 4R, 2′R)-2-(2′-hydroxytetracosanoylamino) octadecane-1, 3, 4-triol (Ⅳ), adenosine (Ⅴ), N. N-dimethylphenylalanine (Ⅵ), N-methylphenylalanine (Ⅶ), D-allitol (Ⅷ). respectively. Conclusion Compounds Ⅵ and Ⅶ are obtained from higher fungi for the first time.


TbCo amorphous perpendicular magnetized film is prepared on glass substrat by way of magnetron sputtering and sample vibration magnetometer and magnetic torque instrument are used to determine film's magnetic property and torque curve.The result shows that Cr base,TbCo magnetic structure,sputtering pressure,substrat bias,annealing temperature and TbCo thickness all have great influence upon the film's magnetic anisotropy property.


Let the generalized function (tempered distribution) f on R be a p-periodic eigenfunction of the Fourier transform operator F , i.e., f(x+ p) = f(x), Ff = λf for some λ ∈ C. We show that λ = 1,−i,−1, or + i, that p = √ N for some N = 1, 2, . . . , and that f has the representation


Abstract A hydrodynamic vortex separator (HDVS) has been studied under laboratory conditions by using a specifically designed rig. Pressure tapping points placed at eight locations, six external and two internal, have revealed an even radial pressure distribution on the outer walls and central shaft. The ability of the HDVS to separate particulates has been studied. The particulates have been characterized by measurements of particle diameter and settling velocity, which have allowed efficiency cusps to be plotted against dimensionless groups used by other researchers. Owing to an unsatisfactory reduction of the data to a single curve by plotting the efficiency against dimensionless groups, an efficiency law has been determined based on the logistic equation and describes the separation efficiency in terms of the inlet flowrate, volume of the separator, and particle diameter and density.


Choledochal cysts are congenital or acquired disproportionate dilatations of any portion of the bile ducts, more commonly found to occur in the extrahepatic bile ducts. The incidence of choledochal cysts is rare, estimated to lie between 1 in 100,000 or 150,000 people in Western countries. However, the incidence is reported to be higher in Asian population. They are found to occur more frequently in females with a 4:1 female to male preponderance. Although most cases are usually diagnosed in infancy and childhood, up to 25% of cases are diagnosed in adulthood. In this pictorial review, we present cases from our institute that have been diagnosed and classified according to the Todani's classification.


Several educational researches focus on monitoring: being aware of one's learning, analyzing learning tasks, reviewing learners' progress and making appropriate decisions according to monitoring. Two extremely different approaches from cognitive science and computer science deal with this complex and multi-faced task. This study discuss the importance of both approaches, metacognition, developing humans' ability to monitor learning, and adaptation , developing systems ability to monitor learning by drawing upon the insights within the literature.


GIESE, D. N. Compactação Dinâmica em solo coesivo friccional. 2019. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, UFRGS, Porto Alegre. Soil is a great material for civil construction and its use demands an evaluation of its geotechnical properties, in many cases the material does not match the requirements of a specific project. In order to overcome this problem, it is possible to improve the geotechnical characteristics by using ground improvement techniques. Dynamic compaction (also known as heavy tamping) is one of these techniques, it consists on dropping heavy weights (5 to 20 tons) from heights up to 40 m repeatedly on the ground allowing the densification of the soil. The international practice is most related to granular deposits and rubble material, which exhibit a high void ratio. The dynamic compaction on lightly bonded material, such as highly pervious bonded weathered clays from tropical regions, has never been performed. The aim of this dissertation is to study the use of dynamic compaction on a lightly bonded soil from Passo Fundo, situated in Southern Brazil. The MCT methodology for soil classification identified the soil as a lateritic clay. The technique was applied on the experimental field of the Passo Fundo University, using a free fall system (no friction losses). The steel block (5,5 tons) was dropped from 3,0 meters up to 12,0 meters, the number of blows varied from 1 to 16 in a single point of compaction. The soil behavior was evaluated by the crater depth and size, lateral displacements, Standard Penetration Tests, plate load tests and triaxial laboratory tests from undisturbed samples from the bottom of the craters after the compaction. The results show that the behavior of the lightly bonded material is somehow different from the usual granular results. The crater formed is very big, with depths up to 2,0 meters, there is a lateral displacement, but very small compared to the crater depth. The SPT shows a similar result after treatment, independent of the number of blows. The mechanical behavior was changed, the friction angle increased from 30,5° to 35,9° while the cohesion intercept did not change (about 10 kPa). The plate load test indicated a reduction of initial stiffness and an increase in bearing capacity for large displacements.


We report the remarkable observation of strong room‐temperature excitonic features in the absorption spectra of GaAs‐AlxGa1−xAs quantum wells (QWs) for values of x as low as 0.02. This has important implications for high‐power modulators, since saturation intensities have been shown to be higher in QW modulators with low barriers. In addition, very shallow QWs have enhanced electroabsorption at small biases because of ease of ionization. In our p‐i(multi‐QW)‐n device with x=0.02, we obtain a transmission change from 29% to 47% for a voltage change from +1 to −3 V.


Mae Ngai has written an ambitious, innovative, and important book that deserves to be read widely. Social and cultural analyses have long dominated in the study of U.S. immigration, and this is especially the case among historians who specialize in the years before 1 930 (the era of the so-called mass migrations) and social scientists more interested in the years of massive postcolonial or Third World migrations after 1965. Ngai's focus is instead on American public policy and law during the years of immigration restriction between 1924 and 1965. In her rich and complex study of the era, Ngai does demonstrate the new perspectives that emerge when we bring the state (and somewhat more indirectly) politics closer to the center of migration studies. Her title, Impossible Subjects, also alerts readers to an important thesis that will be of interest to all who seek to interpret the United States as a multiethnic "nation of immigrants" from a critical perspective. By focusing on mobile persons, Ngai offers, first, a study of the juridical and legal categories created by the United States to govern those it claims as subjects or as citizens. Since all national states define themselves and establish their sovereignty by drawing physical boundaries or borders around themselves, they inevitably regard mobility across those boundaries as somewhat worrisome and unsettling a fact that celebrations of the United States as an exceptionalist nation of immigrant settlers too easily obscure and that analysts of nativism misunderstand if they treat it as a specifically American phenom-


The paper reports about the results of a study of mechanical, surface, and electrical properties of polymeric insulators. Silicone rubber, ethylenepropylene-diene monomer (EPDM) and alloys of silicon-EPDM are known polymers for use as high voltage insulators. The blends of silicone-EPDM show good breakdown voltage strength compare to silicone rubber. They have also higher hydrophobicity in comparison to EPDM. Mechanical properties of EPDM such as tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break are improved by silicone content. The surface and volume resistance of silicone rubber increase by EPDM content in blends.


The study investigates the parameter tolerances of the batteries of an electric vehicle. The article submits the main properties of the lithium-polymer batteries. It also demonstrates the empirical and the theoretical operational parameters. The authors checked the operational parameters with fuzzy logic, which helps to find one type of operational parameters that determines if the batteries can be used with good safety.


All human beings are related, and some are more closely related than others. In medical and demographic literature, consanguineous marriage is usually defined as marriage between a man and a woman who are related as second cousins or closer. 1 Firstcousin marriage is supposed to be the most prevalent form globally. Effects on disease and death have been demonstrated primarily among children of parents who are related as first cousins or closer, whereas it is not clear that similar effects are seen among children of parents who are second cousins or more distant relatives. Recent studies on the frequency of consanguinity have shown that it is not rare and declining in human populations, but prevalent and perhaps increasing globally. To date, studies on the effects of consanguinity at a population level have not been successful in establishing consensus about the kinds and sizes of these effects. However, as other causes of disease and death are declining in many regions of the world where consanguinity is prevalent, the relative importance of consanguinity as a risk factor for disease and death increases. 2–4 A project to determine the global burden of disease due to consanguinity has been established under the leadership of Alan H Bittles, and the results of this project will be important for evaluating the public health impact of consanguinity worldwide (Alan H Bittles, personal communication).


When testing the interconnect structures on a board, test programmers sometimes ask, How can I control the test pattern generation process to avoid ground bounce problems during Extest mode? Those wishing to satisfy a simultaneously-switching-outputs constraint will find several new solutions in this article.


Recently,lots of experiments help us to know more about the prevention and care of coronary heart disease,with which treatment guidelines update times and become more clear. However,a major part of the population is not achieving the recommended LDL cholesterol target levels. This fact is more prominent among high-risk populations in which the majority of patients are untreated or under-treated. The review will present the new changes of the treatment guidelines,elaborate on the current situation of lipid-lowering therapy of coronary heart disease and its key influencing factors: patient compliance,drug efficacy,cost-benefit,and physician quality of care. A programme aimed at improving control of hyperlipidemia should address all these four issues.


Objective Survey the clinic therapeutic effect of partly minimally invasive treatment used needle-knife in neuralgia resided from herpes zoster. Methods Thirty patients with neuralgia resided from herpes zoste, according to the site and area of neuralgia,point to point, plate to plate, with multy-centre to get in. After partly blocking, cut transversally in the skin, below the skin and in the superficial fascia, take radiatiform solution and invasive treatment around. Take Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) to evaluate therapeutic effect before the treatment, six months and one year after the treatment. Results After three to five times'treatments with one course, all the 30 patients were cured, and no recurrence after one year. Conclusion Partly minimally invasive treatment used needle-knife in neuralgia resided from herpes zoster is safe and dependable, with positive effect; it is a useful treatment that is worthy to generalize.


Herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV) or varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with Meniere's disease (one of 28 patients for HSV‐1,2 of 28 patients for VZV) during acute illness (within 5 days after onset). On the other hand, neither HSV‐1 DNA or VZV DNA was detected in PBMCs of 50 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals and 50 pregnant women. These findings may imply that reactivation of HSV‐1 or VZV may be associated with the development of some cases of Meniere's disease.


Single shot infrared images of different patterns obtained, both by reflection and transmission, with a near infrared random laser source and a narrowband laser are analyzed under similar experimental conditions. The Nd-based crystal powder random laser provides speckle-free transmission and reflection infrared images with higher values of contrast to noise ratio than those obtained with the narrowband laser. These results open up new possibilities to enhance the field of high resolution imaging for optoelectronic and biomedical applications.


An improved time domain method (ITDM) is proposed for moving force identification using bridge responses, which aims at an acceptable solution to the ill-conditioning problem that often exists in the inverse problem of moving force identification. Based on the method of moments (MOM) and the theory of moving force identification, the moving forces were described as a combination of whole basis functions, such as orthogonal Legendre polynomials or Fourier series, and were then estimated by solving the new system equations developed based on the basis functions. Under a number of response combination cases, the moving vehicle loads are identified using the ITDM and compared with the existing time domain method (TDM). Further a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various parameters on the ITDM. Those parameters include basis function number, mode number, number of measured stations, and CPU executive time of the ITDM. Simulation and experiment results show that the ITDM has higher identification accuracy and robust noise immunity as well as being able to generate an acceptable solution to the ill-conditioning problem to some extent when it is used to identify the moving forces from bridge responses. Meanwhile, the ITDM can lessen the executive CPU time as well as being more flexible when compared with the TDM. This is beneficial to real time analysis of moving force identification in field.


The present investigation was carried to assess the genetic variability, trait relationship, path analysis, D2 analysis and principal component analysis in thirty eight genotypes. All the traits under this study shown the significant difference for ANOVA and high GCV and PCV is observed for Panicle exertion and seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean was observed for seed yield per plant and tillers per plant. All the characters except test weight showed the positive and significant correlation with seed yield at phenotypic level. Path analysis revealed that filled grains per panicle and spikelet fertility showed positive direct effect on seed yield. Diversity studies indicated that inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster II and VII followed by cluster II and VI & cluster I and VII. Principle component analysis indicated that first five principal components contributed to 85.81% of the total diversity is contributed by plant height, seed yield per plant, spikelet fertility, panicle exertion, panicle length, filled grains per panicle and tillers per plant. Selection based on the results of the present study could be exploited in designing future plant breeding programmes for development of high yielding cold tolerant rice varieties.


Optimal psychopharmacotherapy is based upon the results of many different factors. One of the main factors is therapeutic alliance. The role of psychodynamic is very important in the context of good therapeutic alliance. Lack of mentalizing capacity implies disturbed view of psychopharmacotherapy. Therapeutic relationship and optimal alliance offers the frame for acceptance of psychiatric drugs as positive and useful for psychological growth. Our literature search of a recent papers relating psychopharmacology and psychodynamic have revealed progress in psychoanalytic theory related to medication.


The study of word-order was a life-long interest of Professor Vilem M A T H E S I U S (1882—1945), the founder of the Prague Linguistic School. At the beginning of his academic career, he took it up in a series of articles (Slvdie), pursuing it later in a number of further papers (see Soupis), the last of which appealed three years before his death. It presented a summary of his researches into the word order of English as compared with that of Czech. It is this last paper of Prof. M . , entitled Ze srovndvacich sludii slovoslednych (From Comparative Word-Order Studies), that will be the starting point of the present discussion. (1) Endeavouring to continue in Prof. M.'s word-order studies, wc propose to examine the solutions and suggestions offered by it. We should like to do so in the light of our own researches as well as of those of others, and in this way to survey the field that has been covered by these researches since the publication of the paper almost a quarter of a century ago. We do not, however, intend to submit an exhaustive treatment of all the problems touched upon'by Prof. M . It is the general conception of his paper, not the details, that we shall be concerned with here. (2) Nor can we discuss the place Prof. M.'s word-order studies occupy in the development of linguistic research. (3) Let us only briefly remark that Prof. M.'s views on word order had been considerably influenced by Henri W E I L ' S book Ordre. This monograph, published as far back as in 1844, suggested to Prof. M . the idea of functional sentence perspective [= FSP].


The main weakness of Elastic Optical Networks (EON) stems from spectrum fragmentation. An analysis of periodic defragmentation in EONs under dynamic traffic conditions is carried out. The effects of different defragmentation parameters on the EON performance are evaluated, and appropriate values, guaranteeing suitable network performance while keeping the network control complexity at a reasonable point, are obtained through simulations. Different network topologies as well as traffic conditions are simulated to assess the validity of the obtained results.


Formation and development of glacial lakes in mountain regions is one of the consequences of glacier recession. Such lakes may drain partially or completely when the stability of their dam is disturbed or as a consequence of impacts. We presented a case study from Central-Asian mountain range of Tien Shan, a north-oriented tributary Adygine valley, where a the retreat of a polythermal glacier surrounded by permafrostglacier retreat resulted in the formation of several generations of lakes. The aim of this study iwas to analyse the past development of different types of glacial lakes influenced by the same glacier, to project site's future development, and to evaluate the hazard outburst susceptibility of individual lakes with an outlook for expected future change. We addressed the problem with a combination of methods, namely bathymetric, geodetic, and geophysical on-site survey, satellite image and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis, and modelling of glacier development. Based on the case of glacial lakes of varied age and type, we demonstrate the significance of glacier ice in lake's development. Lake 3, which is in contact with glacier terminus, has changed rapidly over the last decade, expanding both in area and depth and increasing its volume more than 13 times (7 800 m to 106 000 m). Hydrological connections and routing of glacier meltwater proved to be an important factor as well, since most lakes in the region are drained by subsurface channels. As the site is at the boundary between continuous and discontinuous permafrost, the subsurface water flow is strongly governed by distribution of non-frozen zones above, within or beneath the perennially frozen ground. Within the hazard evaluation of lakes' outburst susceptibility, we highlighted the importance of field data which can provide crucial information on lake stability. In our case, the understanding of thesite's hydrological system at the site and its regime helped to categorise Lake 2 into low outburst hazardsusceptibility, while Lake 1 and Lake 3 were labelled as lakes with medium outburst susceptibilityhazard lakes. Further development of the site will be driven mainly by rising air temperature and increasingly negative glacier mass balance. All three scenarios predict a significant glacier area decrease by 2050, specifically leaving 73.2 % (A1B), 62.3 % (A2), and 55.6 % (B1) of the 2012 glacier extent. The glacier retreat will be accompanied by changes in glacier runoff with first peak expected around the year 2020 and the formation of additional lakes.


The objective: to analyze the course of pregnancy and labor in women with prenatally diagnosed congenital malformations of the lungs, thorax and diaphragm in the fetus, the condition of the fetuses and newborns with this pathology. Materials and methods. In-patient and out-patient medical records of pregnant women, the medical records of the newborns of 30 patients who gave birth to children with congenital malformations of the lung, diaphragm and thorax in the obstetric clinics of «I PAG named by O.M. Lukyanova of NAMSU» (main group) and of 250 women with normal fetal development, which were followed at the women's consultation clinic №5 of Shevchenkivskyi district of Kiev during the period of 2011–2013 (control group). Results. A significantly higher rate of pregnant women younger than 19 years of age, pregnant women with burdened obstetric and gynecological anamnesis, as well as a high incidence of infectious gynecological and extragenital diseases, other extragenital pathology was found among the patients in the main group compared to controls. The rate of threatened abortion in the 1 trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher in the main group (30%) compared with the control (9.2%). Polyhydramnios was registered significantly more often in the main group (33.3%) than in the control group (1.6%), Oligohydramnios was found group in a small part of the patients from the main group (6.7%). In main group delivery was more often performed by cesarean section (53.3% vs. 12,4% in the control group, p<0.01), partly as a consequence of the standard delivery plan for the congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the fetus. Despite the more gentle way of delivery, children from the main group after birth were in most cases in severe condition: 46.6% after birth had an Apgar score of 4–6 points, 46.6% – less than 4 points, and only 6,6% newborns received score of more than 6 points. In the control group, a score of <7 points after birth hada significantly lower number of children – 4.4% (p<0.01). Conclusions. The high incidence of infectious diseases in pregnant women from the main group gives grounds to suggest the influence of the factors associated with the infection and/or systems of inflammatory reactions, on the formation of congenital malformations of the lungs, diaphragm and thorax in the fetus; The influence of these factors may also be the cause of the risk threatened abortion in the I trimester. In the overwhelming majority of cases children with congenital malformations of the lungs, diaphragm and thorax were in a severe condition immediately after birth, which should be taken into account when planning specialized care for the newborn. Key words: congenital malformations, lungs, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, extragenital diseases, TORCH-infections, pregnancy, labor.


Life searching is an important thing in the emergent rescue in seismic damaged site.Since the time of rescue is urgent.The condition of earthquake disaster is worse.So the advanced technologies and equipment take the key effects to increase the rate of success and reduce the rate of death.Based on the relative mature technology,the optic,acoustic wave or vibratory,infrared ray image instruments to search life are researched.These instruments of life searching and positioning are light and easy to use in the site of earthquake disaster area.At the same times,we use the principle of systematic engineering and modern management theories to research the system of life searching and rescue supporting used in the earthquake disaster site and to establish the foundation of life searching and positioning technologies system.


The students in the vocational education of architecture design in Taiwan often face many learning obstacles, such as no problem solving ability and lack of creativity. Therefore, this study used a social learning model as a learning strategy in the architecture design learning process to solve related learning difficulties. Firstly, this study used cognitive development teaching activities and a learning process based on analogical thinking and analogical reasoning to build the social learning model. Secondly, the social learning model of this study was implemented in the teaching of a required course of architecture design for 120 freshmen in China University of Technology. The questionnaire survey results were then statically analyzed and compared to measure the differences in the students' knowledge about architecture designs before and after the teaching in this study. In this study, the social learning model is proven helpful in inspiring the students' creativity by converting new knowledge of architecture design into schemas and hence retaining the new knowledge for future application. The social learning model can be applied in the teaching of architecture design in other schools, while more research can be conducted in the future to further confirm its feasibility to promote effective learning.


Islamic education and existential learning is directed at purifying the self (nafs) and the cultivation of certitude (yaqin). A central aspiration in the learning process is to become an intimate friend of Allah (a wali), who embodies the prophetic presence (istihdâr al-nur almuhammadiyya) and who by that presence directs other people to Islam. This article uncovers life and learning in a leading Islamic institution of learning and analyzes the processes of selftransformation and education that constitute the foundation for the rise of a wali. It is based on my work on the Bâ´Alawi tradition, one of the most influential Islamic traditions of learning and self-cultivation in the present age, since 2006 and in particular on my visit to the Islamic university Dar al-Mustafa in Yemen during the summer and the fall of 2011. The paradoxical tension between Sufism's ideal of ascetic seclusion on one hand, and the extremely hectic and much courted social lifestyle of leading Sufis on the other, is discussed. It is suggested that the cultivation of a prophetic will to direct others to Islam is the key to understanding this tension.


A noncyanide gold bath is used for plating components that require an electrically conductive hard surface with a high coefficient of friction. The arsenic hardened gold bath used, has the required properties when fresh with a concentration of Au of 12.3 g/L. As the bath ages, the hardness, as well as the coefficient of friction, decrease. With the expense of gold, it is necessary to mitigate this decrease and get the preferred properties throughout the bath life. Mitigation begins by analyzing the bath as it ages and determining the changes in crystallographic orientation and grain size. These can then be correlated to the declining hardness and coefficient of friction. Nucleation modeling was performed to analyze the applied potential's effect on the crystallographic orientation and grain size as the concentration of Au was depleted. Current transients were obtained using a potential step method . These were normalized and compared to model curves for instantaneous and progressive nucleation as seen in figure 2. Nucleation modeling showed a trend toward instantaneous nucleation as the potential was increased cathodically. Samples were electrodeposited at 10% depleted increments and the measured potential for a constant applied current was recorded as the bath was aged to 50% of the original concentration of Au. The changes in potential and current efficiency were then correlated to the nucleation modeling and the degradation of the hardness and coefficient of friction. XRD was performed on the samples and a shift from a (111) crystallographic orientation to a (200) orientation in the aged bath can be seen in figure 1. The lattice parameter was calculated for each sample and all were within 0.003Ǻ of the expected value of 4.079Ǻ for Au. The effect of using a gold strike, as well as the additive sodium thiosulfate, was investigated following the same experimental process. This process allowed for the quantification of the change in hardness, the coefficient of friction, and their correlation to the changes in grain size and crystallographic orientation as the bath was aged.


In Germany, about 320.000 people suffer from chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is associated with chronic diarrhea, fever, pain and psychological stress. The two most common representatives for IBD are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). One common therapy for IBD is treatment with antibodies against immune components that slow down and control inflammation. However, these drugs, which are used for biologic therapies, do not affect all patients equally, as in some patients the symptoms persist. Compared to the intestinal microbiome of healthy people, IBD patients have a smaller variety of microorganisms in their intestinal flora.


Special arrangements were made by the European Union for decision-making on the possible accession of Romania and Bulgaria. A regime of extra procedures was added to the arrangements used for the Eastern European countries which joined the Union in 2004. This paper examines how the process worked out in the Romanian justice sector, which had been identified as a key area for reform to meet minimum EU requirements. We examine the discourses at policy and program levels and in three selected projects, including at design stage, interim report stage, and final report stage. Our discourse analysis of project documents pays special attention to the key structuring device used in the EU's project and program planning: the "logical framework" or "project matrix". Intended as a key discipline on project design, implementation and evaluation, its inherent limitations and typical biases in usage can lead to major divergences between project and design. A technocratic language of planning can then in various ways serve as a cover that justifies whatever happened. We examine the language use and associated behaviour, as a contribution to the understanding both of Romanian accession in the face of sceptical European public opinion and of a methodology in worldwide use.


Background: This study determined the effect of adding grape skin extract (Vitis vinifera L.) to the diet of Wistar rats fed with high cholesterol on levels of SGPT and SGOT and the structure of liver tissue.
Methods: This study used 5 groups, namely control (standard diet), P1 (high cholesterol diet), P2 (high cholesterol diet and extract of grape skin as much as 100 mg/200 gBW/day), P3 (high cholesterol diet and extract of grape skin as much as 250 mg/200 gBW/day) and P4 (high cholesterol diet and extract of grape skin 500 mg/200 gBW/day). The study began with the production of extracts, the extracts dosage determination, high cholesterol diet preparation, sample (animals) preparation, extract addition to animals, SGPT and SGOT levels measurement, rat liver histopathology preparation and histopathological features observation, then ended with data analysis.
Results: The results showed that administration of grape skin extract in Wistar rats fed a high-cholesterol diet affected the levels of SGPT and SGOT, as well as parenchymatous degeneration of hepatocytes. Administration of grape skin extract as much as 500 mg/200 g BW/day had the lowest mean levels of SGPT and SGOT and the lowest parenchymatous degeneration of hepatocytes.
Conclusion: Thus, the extract of grape skin (Vitis vinifera L.) has the potential of hepatoprotector because it contains anthocyanin, which functions as an antioxidant and protects against liver damage.


Objectives : This study analyzed the managerial efficiency of hospitals and identified the productivity trends for three years. Methods : Data were collected from 44 tertiary hospitals and 32 university hospitals from 2009 to 2011. Efficiency scores and productivity trends were evaluated with the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method. The input variables were the numbers of beds, doctors, nurses, and health personnel, and the medical costs. The output variables were the numbers of outpatients, and inpatients, and the medical revenues. Along with the traditional input-oriented DEA analysis, the Malmquist Productivity Index(MPI) was calculated. Results : First, the mean values of the study variables showed gradual increases in all the variables for all the study years. Second, technical efficiency scores varied depending on the study year. Third, MPI decreased from 2009 to 2010 (MPI=0.986), and then increased from 2010 to 2011(MPI=1.011). The contributions of the Efficiency Change Index and Technical Change Index on the MPI varied depending on the study year. Conclusions : This study provides information to hospital managers about changes in hospital performances. External environments had more influence on hospital performances, and hospital managers will need to manage these influences from factors surrounding the hospitals.


Background: Glycosylation can significantly improve physicochemical or biological properties of small molecules such as vitamins, fragrances and antibiotics. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are carbohydrate-active enzymes that can efficiently catalyse such reactions. We recently discovered a promising biocatalyst (GT-1) for the glycosylation of a wide variety of compounds, but its thermostability will be crucial for industrial applications.
Materials and Methods: GT-1 was recombinantly expressed and purified via Ni-NTA chromatography. Thermal half-life time (t50(50°C)) at 50 °C was assessed by sampling at fixed intervals until the residual activity had dropped to 50%, while the melting temperature (Tm) was determined via differential scanning fluorimetry. The bio-informatic tools YASARA and 3DM were used to select target positions for engineering.
Results: GT-1 was succesfully expressed and yields up to 40 mg purified protein per liter culture were obtained. Further, t50(50°C) and Tm values of respectively 90 min and 56 °C were found.
Discussion: The kinetic stability of GT-1 was rather low. Indeed, after 1 min of incubation at 50 °C, residual activity already dropped to 70%. Clearly, enzyme engineering strategies need to be developed. Therefore, a homology model was constructed and structural analysis revealed a strikingly large amount of open spaces. Filling these cavities with larger amino acids should increase hydrophobic packing, yielding a more stable enzyme.
Conclusion: The kinetic and thermal stability of GT-1 was assessed. Engineering the enzyme's stability by a combination of smart (sequence-based) and rational (structure-based) mutagenesis will be key to biocatalyst development.


A 45-year-old man was referred to the rheumatology outpatient clinic in 2008 because of subcutaneous sarcoidosis and arthralgias. Both the tuberculin skin test (TST) and acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-stain on the skin biopsy specimen were negative. In 2009, the patient deve loped arthritis of the left knee. Treatment with methotrexate 20 mg/week, folic acid 10 mg/week and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day for 2 years did not result in resolution of the arthritis. A conventional radiograph of the left knee showed minimal joint space narrowing. Synovial biopsies of the left knee (sampling in 2009 and 2011) showed histological evidence of non-caseating granulomas, consistent with sarcoid arthritis. Both the Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) test and AFB-stains on all biopsy specimens were negative. Because of persistent arthritis of the left knee, adalimumab 40 mg every other week was initiat ed, resulting in complete remission of disease. One year later (2012), the patient developed erythematous cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules (Figure 1), metacarpophalangeal joint arthritis and general malaise. A chest radiograph was normal. A complete blood cell count was within normal limits; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 31 mm/1st hr. The TST was negative and a new skin biopsy specimen only revealed evidence of sarcoidosis (negative AFB-stain). Intensification of antirheumatic therapy including addition of glucocorticoids only provided short-term symptom relief. The condition of the patient gradually deteriorated. A new biopsy of a skin lesion was performed (sampling 2013). The AFB-stain on this last biopsy specimen revealed several acid-fast bacilli, and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium species identified Mycobacterium haemophilum. The mycobacterial culture using heme-supplemented media incubated at 30° Celsius also showed growth of mycobacteria. The National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM) confirmed our identification of M haemophi lum. All slides of biopsy specimens obtained earlier (2008, 2009, 2011, 2012) were revised. In retrospect, also the AFB-stain on the first biopsy specimen obtai ned in Van Onna M 1, Potters D2, Posthouwer D3


Objective:To investigate the method for isolation and amplification of the bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) in vitro and to identified it.Methods:Male SD rats around 100g,the bone marrow cells were obtained from hind femur and tibia,whole bone marrow primary culture,purified by repeated passage in vitro amplification.Cell morphology was observed,and expressions of CD34,CD90,CD105 cell factors were examined by flow cytometry,to identify whether it's the BMSCs.Results:Cells appeared spin-dle-shaped and showed characteristic swirling growth.The surface marker CD34 was negative,CD90,CD105 were positive.Conclusion:We successfully isolated the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) by the whole bone marrow culture method,and found that cells had high purity and good activity within 10th generation.The whole bone marrow culture was simple and easy.


Mesta is an important fibre crop and is affected by several biotic and abiotic factors. Among the different biotic factors, mesta leaf curl disease is new emerging threat for the production of mesta. The incidence of the disease varied from 20 to 80 per cent in southern India with highest disease incidence of 81.66 per cent observed in Raichur district of Karnataka state. The infected plants showed vein clearing, vein thickening, upward curling of leaves with twisting of petioles, leathery and small sized leaves and further the infected plants showed stunted growth. The samples were collected from the adjoining talukas of Raichur and subjected to amplification. All the samples failed to give amplification for DNA-B component. So the disease is considered as a monopartite begomovirus.


Although an etiologic agent has not been isolated and identified, infectious mononucleosis has long been suspected to be an infectious disease, presumably of viral etiology. This concept is further supported by certain epidemiological features of the disease and by the nature of the acute illness. Recently, cytomegalovirus,l myxovirus,2 and the herpeslike virus (HLV)3 have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease in man. In ultrastructural studies of circulating atypical lymphocytes from patients with infectious mononucleosis4 and of lymphoblastoid cells derived from bone marrow cultures of infectious mononucleosis patients,5 viral particles could not be demonstrated. Recent reports from several laboratories have revealed that circulating cells from the peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis have the potential for long-term proliferation in vitro.6 In this laboratory, 16 suspension cultures from nine patients with heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis have been obtained in continuous culture. These established cell lines have been shown to synthesize immunoglobulin,7 to produce interferon,8 and to have chromosomal abnormalities similar to those consistently found in cultured cells derived from Burkitt's lymphoma.9 In the course of studying the fine structural features of these cell lines, viruslike particles have been detected and identified. In the present communication the results of these findings will be reported. Materials and Methods.-Sixteen continuous suspension cultures were established from nine patients with heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis (Table 1) by means of techniques which have been described previously.6 Samples of cell suspensions were examined periodically for the presence of microbial agents.?0 In each instance, cell lines were found to be free of detectable viruses, bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, and endotoxins. From nine patients with infectious mononucleosis, 14 cultures were processed for electron microscopy (Table 2). As controls, other continuous cultures from peripheral blood were processed collaterally-one from a patient with lymphoblastic leukemia and another from a patient with leukocytosis of unknown etiology. In addition, thoracic duct and peripheral blood cultures from. a patient with hyperglobulinemia of unknown etiology, buffy coats from the peripheral blood of six patients with infectious mononucleosis, and those from three clinically healthy individuals were also examined. Four of the contin-


ABSTRACT The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons requires that states which join the treaty while hosting nuclear weapons, "shall ensure the prompt removal of such weapons, as soon as possible but not later than a deadline to be determined by the first meeting of States Parties". This article offers a basis for setting the weapon removal deadline under the new treaty. It describes briefly the experience of past removals of nuclear weapons from deployment in Cuba, East Germany, Taiwan, Hungary, South Korea, and Greece. It then outlines a plausible process of nuclear weapon removal from the current five nuclear weapon host countries, all holding nuclear weapons belonging to the United States, that reflects existing US nuclear weapon transport practices and capabilities. The analysis suggests the parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons could set a 90 day deadline for the safe and secure removal of nuclear weapons from host states.


In India, 85% of existing buildings are unreinforced masonry and 5-7% are reinforced concrete and 5-7% are traditional buildings. And most buildings do not qualify to resist earthquakes, technically it can be said that they would not be able to resist earthquake loads. In the past, it is seen at the time of the earthquake, millions of lives and the economy of that region is affected. Demolition of ageing building mass is not only harmful to the environment but also it is not viable economically to rebuild all vulnerable buildings. Such buildings are recommended to be retrofitted. Recent earthquakes have demonstrated the need to identify and improve the performance of the existing seismic deficient buildings. For this reason, Seismic vulnerability assessment is considered a part of a better strategy to mitigate the risk and improve the resiliency of the country and its infrastructure. Due to the high volume of building archetypes in our country, for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment at a huge scale, a rapid, simplified method is being adopted that can facilitate the assessment procedure in a lesser computational time period. This paper was primarily engrossed in the analysis of some simplified methods proposed in the literature for assessing the simplified seismic vulnerability. A hypothetical building is analyzed using structural software (Etabs) by Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Procedure. Using Etabs software, various structural parameters like Story Response Drift, Displacement (max) and Base Shear are considered and discussed. By proper interpretation of the result, a suitable measure to minimize vulnerability and ensure sustainability and cost-effectiveness, retrofitting strategies is recommended. Keywords: Seismic vulnerability, Existing Building, Simplified Analytical Method, Rapid Visual Screening, Detailed vulnerability assessment, Etabs, Non-linear Dynamic Analysis, Retrofitting Strategies


Robots can be considered as the most advanced automatic systems and robotics, as a technique and scientific discipline, can be considered as the evolution of automation with interdisciplinary integration with other technological fields. A robot can be defined as a system which is able to perform several manipulative tasks with objects, tools, and even its extremity (end-effector) with the capability of being reprogrammed for several types of operations. There is an integration of mechanical and control counterparts, but it even includes additional equipment and components, concerned with sensorial capabilities and artificial intelligence. Therefore, the simultaneous operation and design integration of all the above-mentioned systems will provide a robotic system, as illustrated in Fig. 1, (Ceccarelli 2004). In fact, more than in automatic systems, robots can be characterized as having simultaneously mechanical and re-programming capabilities. The mechanical capability is concerned with versatile characteristics in manipulative tasks due to the mechanical counterparts, and re-programming capabilities concerned with flexible characteristics in control abilities due to the electric-electronics-informatics counterparts. Therefore, a robot can be considered as a complex system that is composed of several systems and devices to give: • mechanical capabilities (motion and force); • sensorial capabilities (similar to human beings and/or specific others); • intellectual capabilities (for control, decision, and memory). Initially, industrial robots were developed in order to facilitate industrial processes by substituting human operators in dangerous and repetitive operations, and in unhealthy environments. Today, additional needs motivate further use of robots, even from pure technical viewpoints, such as productivity increase and product quality improvements. Thus, the first robots have been evolved to complex systems with additional capabilities. Nevertheless, referring to Fig. 1, an industrial robot can be thought of as composed of: • a mechanical system or manipulator arm (mechanical structure), whose purpose consists of performing manipulative operation and/or interactions with the environment; • sensorial equipment (internal and external sensors) that is inside or outside the mechanical system, and whose aim is to obtain information on the robot state and scenario, which is in the robot area;


When compared to other states of the EU, Poland is a country in which rural areas play special role. 38.1 % of the population live in the country and rural areas cover 93.4 % of the country's territory. People employed in agriculture make more than 20% of the whole workforce, so a few times more when compared to the EU. Simultaneously, farms are significantly smaller than in the "old'' membership countries. A historical feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU has been presented in this work. The scope of the CAP reforms, as well as their influence on formation of the agricultural policy in Poland have been discussed. Both sources and the level of subsidy costs to agriculture have been presented. Aid programmes for farms have been analysed, both the already executed and those which undergo implementation. The considerations were based on analysis of the most recent documents and articles related to the above-mentioned issues.


The scientific relevance of distinguishing between "globalization" and "westernization" is due to the political requirement for the implementation of the "world economic order" in the liberal version of the "economic paradigm" (J. Agamben) of the social. Methodologically, one should distinguish between scientific/disciplinary analysis and philosophical interpretation of globalization; "Distinction" ("drawing boundaries") is the exclusive prerogative of philosophy (M. Heidegger) and presupposes the presence of the concept of globalization ("radical metaphysical concept") as "the unity of reality and meaning" the condition for the possibility of a «radical concept» is the ordering of perspectives/points of view in the horizon of a certain paradigm of the social; the dominance of the "economic paradigm" in Western European social science determines the formulation of the question regarding the subject of research, the way of its thematization and the area in which the distinction between "globalization" and "Westernization" is important: Westernization is a necessary aspect of globalization as a world order, along with "excluded localities" defined as a result of interpretation as "bipolar"; the distinction between "material" and "cosmological" values (in the terminology of D. Lala) presupposes the homogenization of the world order and the interpretation of "features" in terms of culture; the "remnant" not reduced to culture is interpreted as "absolutely different" and "locked up" in locality as a "prison" (Z. Bauman); sustainability is provided as a "balancing equilibrium" of the Westernized ("universal") and "other" ("locality") levels of the world order; the redistribution of power between the main actors/competitors of a single world order does not have a significant impact and is not relevant for distinguishing between "globalization" and "westernization" in terms of philosophical interpretation; "Civilizational paradigm" (S. Huntington) and "planetarism" (existential-historical thinking of M. Heidegger) are marginal for the approach to the study of globalization prevailing in the "positive sciences", but they are of fundamental importance for its philosophical interpretation.


End-to-end methods based on deep learning have gradually shown their convenience and advantages in non-uniform motion deblur. However, current deep models for deblurring still have some problems, which ignore the non-uniform deformation of motion blur kernel or global information, causing inadequately deblurring or artifacts. In this paper, we propose an enhanced network based on the four-layer multi-path hierarchy structure which divides image into multi-patches instead of down-sampling or other lossy way. Our network is combined with the self-attention module, and replace part of ordinary convolutions with deformable convolutions in the encoder-decoder backbone. For fewer artifacts and more deep feature details, perceptual loss is also applied in the training process. Compared with the results of prior frameworks, our method has improved nearly 0.4dB PSNR on the quantitative performance on GoPro testing data set, and also achieved clearer visual effect on several scenes.


In this paper, we propose a new criterion for the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) analysis in the spectrum-overlapped resource management (SORM) for a broadband single carrier transmission. In the SORM technique, each user can ideally obtain a maximum channel gain by allowing overlapped allocation, assuming the soft canceller with minimum mean square error (SC/MMSE) turbo equalization for multi-user detection. When the interference is not completely removed by SC/MMSE turbo equalization, frame error rate (FER) remarkably degrades. To solve this problem, we proposed a new criterion which is used for design of error correcting code in order to improve convergence property of SC/MMSE turbo equalization without large redundancy of channel code. In the proposed criterion, we design the decoder so that the decoder's EXIT property is fitted to the upper bound of equalizer's property and the channel code sharply improves mutual information (MI) in the lower amount of input MI. This paper evaluates FER performance with the irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes designed based on this criterion. As a result, this paper shows that the irregular LDPC code designed based on the proposed criterion for the SORM outperforms conventional codes.


During the synthesis of [Ru(O2CNiPr2)2(PPh3)2] (1), the [RuCl2(PPh3)3]/NHiPr2/CO2 system produces the intermediates [NH2iPr2][Ru2Cl2(μ-Cl)3(PPh3)4] (2) and [RuCl(O2CNiPr2)(PPh3)3] (3) which have been isolated and fully characterised. Compound 2 contains the dinuclear anionic triply chloride-bridged ruthenium(II) species. Compound 3 is mononuclear, the octahedral ruthenium centre being coordinated to the bidentate carbamato ligand. The reactions of compounds 1 and 3 with dihydrogen have been studied at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with respect to their catalytic hydrogenation of 1-octene. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)


We describe an operation which modifies a Lagrangian submanifold $L$ in a symplectic manifold $(M, \omega)$ such as to produce a new immersed Lagrangian submanifold $L'$, which as a smooth manifold is obtained by surgery along a framed sphere in $L$. Intuitively, this can be described as collapsing an isotropic disc with boundary on $L$ to a point. The inverse operation generalizes classical Lagrangian surgery. We also describe corresponding immersed Lagrangian cobordisms between $L$ and $L'$ . After removal of their singular locus, we obtain examples of embedded Lagrangian cobordisms with precisely two ends. As an application, we use this construction to produce interesting examples of Lagrangian cobordisms between Clifford and Chekanov tori.


Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast are rare and are reported to comprise less than 1% of all invasive breast tumors. The range of age at diagnosis as well as clinical symptoms does not differ from that of conventional invasive ductal breast cancer. The tumor can be composed of a variety of different cells making it difficult to correctly diagnose this type of growth due to the unknown origin of the cancer. Metaplastic carcinomas can be classified into purely epithelial or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal carcinomas. Features of an adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma can be seen along with mesenchymal components ranging from chondroid or osseus metaplasia to chondroor osteosarcoma. (1) In this report we follow a case of metaplastic carcinoma with a immunohistochemistry study that shows positivity for CD117 and the potential consideration for effective treatment in such positivity with a current review of the literature.


Contemporary society provides people with various ways of personality development. Young people are most susceptible to changes that occur in economics, politics, and technology. Different types of life strategies are formed and realized by young women and men, and they eventually transform public consciousness in general. The article is devoted to the analysis of life strategies and scenarios of female students living in Russia and European countries. For this purpose, a series of in-depth interviews with girls was conducted, as well as a visual analysis of the accounts of young women on the social network Instagram. Today, the process of westernization is observable – the adoption of Western European structures, practices, and lifestyles by non-European societies and countries has become a significant cultural phenomenon. Thus, based on the data obtained, it is possible to define a life strategy as a system of ideas and guidelines of the individual, aimed at the conscious design of the future. It determines and directs the behavior of individuals, reflecting the idea of the future and life path. A life strategy includes not only orientations, but also ways to achieve and realize certain goals and expectations.


Background of developing tilting train in China is briefed. Probing is made into the developing mode of tilting train in foreign countries regarding tilting mechanism, actuator type, detection method of line information, traction mode and truck etc. Developing mode of tilting train in China is proposed counting the actual railway situation.


The understanding of code smells have exerted profound influence in the quality and the performance of programming codes. There are various type of code smells require various solutions. In order to interpret the solutions available in code smells, this research uses NLP (natural language programming) techniques to comprehend contents of messages from Technical Debt Dataset. Based on phrase structure rules, semantic patterns were extracted from the Dataset to build connection between trigger words and dependency tree. Verb Phrases are considered as the actions taken by programmers encountering code smells.


The key of mobile robot fault diagnosis is to model the spatial–temporal correlations from multisensor data. However, the majority of existing deep learning (DL)-based studies only focus on extracting either temporal or spatial information. In addition, the data imbalance problem, which seriously affects models' generalization performance, cannot be ignored in robot fault diagnosis. To address these issues, a novel spatial–temporal graph attention network (STGATN) is proposed, which has three primary characteristics: 1) the feature-enhanced spatial–temporal graph is constructed based on robot multisensor data; 2) an attention-based spatial–temporal feature extraction module (A-STFEM) is designed to mine spatial–temporal correlation information among multisensors; and 3) a regulatory cross-entropy loss function is developed to enhance the model robustness under imbalanced data scenario. The effectiveness of STGATN is verified by fault diagnosis experiments for a wheeled mobile robot and the results show that STGATN can achieve outstanding diagnosis performance and robustness.


Unlike most excitable cells, certain syncytial smooth muscle cells are known to exhibit spontaneous action potentials of varying shapes and sizes. These differences in shape are observed even in electrophysiological recordings obtained from a single cell. The origin and physiological relevance of this phenomenon are currently unclear. The study presented here aims to test the hypothesis that the syncytial nature of the detrusor smooth muscle tissue contributes to the variations in the action potential profile by influencing the superposition of the passive and active signals. Data extracted from experimental recordings have been compared with those obtained through simulations. The feature correlation studies on action potentials obtained from the experimental recordings suggest the underlying presence of passive signals, called spontaneous excitatory junction potentials (sEJPs). Through simulations, we are able to demonstrate that the syncytial organization of the cells, and the variable superposition of the sEJPs with the "native action potential", contribute to the diversity in the action potential profiles exhibited. It could also be inferred that the fraction of the propagated action potentials is very low in the detrusor. It is proposed that objective measurements of spontaneous action potential profiles can lead to a better understanding of bladder physiology and pathology.


"Life is a struggle, not against sin, not against the Money Power, not against malicious animal magnetism, but against hydrogen ions"1. These words, written by H.L. Mencken about the meaning of lif...


The study presented by Carinci et al highlights ongoing research endeavors investigating the use of osteoprogenitor cell populations in skeletal tissue engineering. Increasing attention is being turned to the field of regenerative medicine as a potential source of answers to clinical conundrums faced daily by reconstructive surgeons. Skeletal deficits, whether traumatic, postsurgical, or congenital in nature, continue to pose a myriad of vexing problems that can leave patients with poor functional and aesthetic outcomes. In recent years, skeletal-related procedures have exceeded 1 million annually, including 12,700 craniotomies and craniectomies, more than 20,000 procedures to treat craniofacial deficits secondary to trauma, and 25,000 interventions for fracture malunion and nonunion. The resultant biomedical burden is significant and engenders considerable enthusiasm for the development of cell-based tissue engineering strategies. Currently, implemented therapeutic modalities continue to yield suboptimal results secondary to the inherent disadvantages of autogeneous grafts, allogeneic bone substitutes, and alloplastic materials. The convergence of advances in materials science, molecular biology, developmental biology, and stem cell biology has propelled regenerative medicine into the forefront as a promising alternative to current treatment strategies. For skeletal tissue engineering, the identification of competent sources of osteoprogenitor cells, which are easily procured and expand without difficulty, is central to this paradigm shift. As mentioned by the authors, many tissues are being investigated as potential sources of progenitor cells, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, placenta, periodontal tissue, and dental pulp. Harnessing an understanding of similarities and differences between progenitor cells derived from differing tissues will be integral toward identifying an ideal cell source. Our laboratory has specific interest in adiposederived stem cells (ASC) and the mechanisms controlling their differentiation along an osteogenic linage. Since the first description of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) by Urist, a plethora of BMP applications for skeletal tissue engineering have been explored. It is known that skeletal regeneration and healing can be enhanced with exogenous BMP. Recent work in our laboratory has been directed at developing an understanding of the mechanisms of BMP signaling underlying osteogenic differentiation of ASC. Wan and colleagues10 described the necessity of BMP receptor type IB (BMPR-IB) signaling for the osteogenic differentiation of mouse ASC. Of interest, a greater than 700% increase in BMPRIB transcripts was observed during the process of in vitro osteogenic differentiation of ASC. This is in contrast to a 90% decrease in the receptor isoform during adipogenic differentiation. These findings together suggested the importance of BMPR-IB signaling to osteogenic differentiation of mouse ASC. Wan and colleagues subsequently proved the necessity of BMPR-IB signaling for the osteogenic differentiation of mouse ASC by suppressing BMPR-IB expression using RNA interference. Although these findings represent stimulating progress in the study of osteoprogenitor cells, the approach focuses on 1 signaling pathway. As such, the use of microarray as described by Carinci et al represents an opportunity to expand this focus by providing a source of novel genes that may control the process of differentiation. In the same vein, efforts aimed at elucidating molecular mechanisms controlling differentiation of progenitor cells into lineagespecific cells are equally important. Since the inception of microarray technology by Schena and colleagues in 1995, microarray analysis has played a critical role in expanding our understanding of these processes by allowing for a genomic-wide survey of gene expression. The technology implements the use of solid surface chips, commonly composed of glass, plastic, or silicon, to which short segments of DNA are bound to in a known arrangement. The DNA segments bound to each spot are representative of a single gene. Subsequent evaluation of gene expression is based upon fluorescent labeling of complementary DNA (cDNA) from the specimens of interest. Fluorescently labeled cDNA is then hybridized to the array, and fluorescence of each spot on the array can be scanned. Fluorescence can then be quantified as a measure of gene expression, and the use of differing fluorophores for each specimen of interest confers the ability to glean data from studies regarding differences in relative expression of genes between specimens.


The results of distributor valve fault tree analysis are presented in this paper. A brief description and procedure of fault tree analysis are given in the first two parts. The reliability of the distributor valve is extremely important for the functioning of the air brake system. For this reason, reliability analysis of distributor valve based on the time to failure is shown in this paper. The distributor valve should react to changes in brake pipe pressure and provide the corresponding pressure in the brake cylinder.


We investigate whether the common envelope (CE) ejection e(cid:14)ciency is a func- tion of the binary parameters by reconstructing the CE phase for the observed sample of post-common envelope binaries (PCEBs). We (cid:12)nd evidence that the ejection e(cid:14)ciency increases for increasing orbital period immediately after the CE phase, and decreases for increasing white dwarf mass. Our results also show that an energy source in addition to gravitational energy is exploited during the ejection process, which is not accounted for by the standard energy budget formulation.


Decreased amyloid β (Aβ) clearance from the brain to blood might play a key role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is normally bound to and transported by albumin in blood, thus possibly maintaining constant concentration of free Aβ in the blood. We therefore hypothesized that decreased blood levels of albumin‐Aβ complexes could be associated with decreased Aβ removal from the brain to blood, resulting in Aβ accumulation in the brain.


Energy efficiency and energy-proportional computing have become a central focus in modern supercomputers. With the exascale computing throughput purported to be bound by the 20 MW power wall, there is an urgent need for power efficiency in modern computing systems. Apart from processor cores and DRAM, the other chip components (typically collectively denoted as uncore) become increasingly important contributors to the total system power. In this paper, the uncore frequency scaling (UFS) is explored with respect to its effect on latencies and bandwidths. Next, UFS and core dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) are compared as to their energy-saving potential through experiments on a 20-core Haswell-EP machine using the quantum chemistry application GAMESS. Results depict that UFS is comparable to DVFS in terms of power saving capability and when used in conjunction with DVFS, it can save energy up to 21% for GAMESS execution.


Purpose: Respiratory muscles play a dual role in breathing and trunk stability during activities. The relationship between respiratory muscle functions and trunk stability has not yet been clarified. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of respiratory muscle functions on trunk muscle endurance in healthy young adults.

Methods: McGill's trunk muscle endurance tests, which consist of trunk flexion endurance test (FE), Sorensen test (ST) and Side Bridge test (SB), were used to evaluate the participants' trunk muscle endurance. Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated by measuring intraoral maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures using an intraoral pressure meter device. The respiratory muscle endurance test was performed with the incremental threshold load protocol using a threshold IMT device.

Results: A total of 51 healthy young adults, with a mean age of 21.8 ± 3.2 years, were evaluated. The results of the linear regression models were significantly explained 46% of the variance in the SB and 38% in the FE, (for SB Adj R2=0.46, F=21.40, p< 0.001 and for FE Adj R2=0.38, F=15.65, p< 0.001). Respiratory muscle endurance contributed 30% to the endurance of the trunk flexor muscles, while respiratory muscle strength contributed only 8%. Similarly, respiratory muscle endurance contributed 38% to the endurance of the trunk lateral flexor muscles, while respiratory muscle strength contributed only 8%.

Conclusion: Although respiratory muscle strength and respiratory muscle endurance were independent contributors to trunk muscle endurance, respiratory muscle endurance more affected trunk muscle endurance than respiratory muscle strength in healthy young adults.


Objective To explore the application of clinical pathway in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients received transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate. Methods 60 cases of benign prostatic hyperpla- sia patients received transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate were randomly divided into obser- vation group (n=30) and control group (n=30). In the observation group the patients received pre-designed clinical nursing pathway and in the control group the patients received traditional nursing. Results The hospitalization stays, costs and complications in observation group were lower than those in the controlgroup (P0.01); the satisfaction and health knowledge of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P0.05, P0.01). Conclusion The clinical pathway applied on the patients received transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate can shorten hospitalization stays, decrease medical costs, advance the recovery of patient's self-care ability, ensure the quality of nursing, improve the efficiency and satisfaction of patients.


In this paper, a link between poly-quadratic stability and stability of arbitrary switching systems is established. Polyquadratic stability aims to check asymptotic stability of a polytopic system by means of polytopic quadratic Lyapunov functions. The necessary and sufficient condition of poly-quadratic stability proposed in Daafouz and Bernussou (2001) is shown to be immediately applicable to a class of switched control and observer design problems. Chaos synchronization for which the transmitter is described by a piecewise linear map is presented as an application.


This paper evaluated the effects of indigenous innovation policies changes in 1996 and 2002 on the S&T outputs in the Chinese higher education system. I used interrupted time series design with yearly measures of number of SCI articles, average citation per item in 5 years, number of invention patent application accepted and invention patent granted from 1980 to 2008. The results showed statistically significant increases in the four output measures after the 1996 and 2002 innovation policies were adopted by the Chinese universities. In terms of effect size, the increases were 133% and 82% in number of SCI articles and 41% and 37% in citation impact for the two policy changes. The effect sizes are more noteworthy with 177% and 202% increases in patent applied 146% and 256% increase in patent granted for the two policy changes. The results supported all hypotheses and are basically consisted with prior research done by other scholars. However, small size sample and no control group are the two limitations of this research and future research could consider about the possibility to combine time series data and cross-sector data.


Efficient mixing conditions for similar fluids in T-Jets mixers have been well-established. This paper extends the characterization of the mixing of dissimilar fluids. Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence images were captured using fluids with a viscosity ratio between 1.2 and 3. Flow visualizations showed that best mixing conditions are achieved when the jets are well-balanced, and the onset of a chaotic flow regime is determined by the Reynolds number of the more viscous fluid ( Re !"#$ > 100 ). CFD simulations were also performed to get deeper insight into the flow field and mixing dynamics, enabling the prediction of the impingement point position. An analytical model based on jets' kinetic energy rate balance is proposed as a design tool to predict the impingement point position.


On the basis of analysis of research status on IMS network security, this paper categorizes and analyzes possible abnormal events in IMS network. Combined with mature detection theories, we present corresponding strategy of detection from application layer to provide theoretical and decisive support for warning and further network process measurements to reduce the loss brought by abnormal events and improve the security of the whole IMS network.


Against the background of the extensive use of language corpora in the dictionary-making industri of today, the paper stresses the importance of including set phrases in future lexicographic undertakings. A distinction is made between idioms and collocations, and it is argued that while the significance of the former category has long been recognised, the latter has only recently come to attract the attention of lexicographers. To gauge the relative importance of the two categories in modern English, a few experiments were undertaken, the results of which indicated clearly that collocations are greatly superior to idioms in frequency and can be said to make up the backbone of language. Consequently a plea is finally made for the inclusion of larger quantities of collocations in dictionaries of the future.


The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the federal agency charged with setting and enforcing standards under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHAct). 1 The typical response available to OSHA for the vast majority of violations of the Act is the post-hoc civil citation and fine. Both the framers of the OSHAct and subsequent critics, however, have realized that in some situations extraordinary measures are necessary. It is upon those extraordinary measures that this Note focuses. The Note argues that the most severe sanctions and remedies established in the OSHAct, and the circumstances under which they are imposed, are poorly suited to affecting the behavior of the most dangerous employers. The primary failures of the Act addressed here are 1) that the criminal sanction, included in the Act as the supposed "big gun" of the enforcement arsenal, is inherently ineffective in this regulatory context; 2) that the Act's civil enforcement provisions are too weak and narrow to effect OSHA's statutory mandate; and 3) that the emphasis in the Act on "willful" and lethal violations as the most seriously sanctioned violations is inappropriate. In response to these problems, the Note advocates giving OSHA the power to issue broad orders imposing prospective safety programs on particularly recidivous employers.


China's external investment will no doubt make it more aware of the security situation in the participating countries. China has concerns not only about how developments in the Central and South As...


Phase and intensity scintillation measurements have been made at low latitudes in the equatorial anomaly region, and at high latitudes in the auroral oval and the polar cap regions, using phase coherent transmissions at 250 MHz from stationary and near stationary satellites. The observations pertain to periods of high solar activity when intense scintillation activity is recorded at each of the above observing sites. This data set has been utilized to study the reduction of coherence times of intensity and complex amplitude scintillation with increasing strength of scattering. Estimates of coherence scales of intensity and complex amplitude scintillation at 250 MHz are provided which indicate that coherent scales of scintillation are typically of the order of hundreds of meters at high latitudes but approach values as small as tens of meters in the equatorial anomaly region. The phase spectral index in the nightside auroral oval is observed to be much steeper (p sub psi = .4) than those typically observed in the equatorial (p sub psi = 2.4) or polar cap regions (p sub psi approx. -2.3). It shows the importance of large scale phase variations in the nightside auroral oval. Under strong scatter conditions, the coherence times of complexmore » amplitude scintillation are shown to asymptotically approach a value which is 1.4 times the coherence time of intensity scintillation. This result is consistent with the theoretical predictions for Rayleigh statistics.« less


In this article, larval stages of the oceanic skip-jack, Katsuwonus pelamis
(Linnaeus) collected from the Laccadive Sea during the cruises on board the
Research Vessel Kalava are described. Though the adults of this species
are caught only rarely from the coastal waters of the mainland of India, it
is found in appreciable numbers around the islands of the Laccadive Archipelago
and forms a very important fishery in the Southern Island of Minicoy
(Jones and Kumaran, 1959).


Sitagliptin (Januvia), the first dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor, has been introduced for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in combination with metformin or a glitazone when either agent plus exercise and diet fail to control blood glucose.


: A high time resolution synchronous sampling method along with determination of stable 23 carbon isotopes of gaseous water-soluble organic carbon (WSOCg) and particulate water-soluble 24 organic carbon (WSOCp) was realized in this research through equipment modification and method 25 improvement. It was found that WSOCg has significant higher concentration than WSOCp and a 26 more depleted δ 13 C. Both concentrations of WSOCp and WSOCg have the seasonal variation 27 characteristics of high in winter (WSOCp=15.7±3.9μg/m 3 ; WSOCg=42.4±6.0μg/m 3 ) and low in 28 summer (WSOCp=5.9±1.8μg/m 3 ; WSOCg=25.2±5.2μg/m 3 ), with greater increase in WSOCp 29 (167%) than that in WSOCg (68%). During wintertime, WSOCp and WSOCg had similar daily 30 variation characteristics of concentration, and opposite daily variation characteristics of δ 13 C. 31 WSOCp had a bimodal distribution with obvious low value at sunrise and sunset, while δ 13 C- 32 WSOCp had a unimodal distribution with low in daytime (-24.6±1.1‰) and high in nighttime (- 33 22.3±1.7‰). WSOCg and δ 13 C-WSOCg had same distribution with high in daytime and 34 (49.3±8.8μg/m 3 ; -27.9±1.1‰) low in nighttime (38.3±4.6μg/m 3 ; -29.9±0.4‰). Combining the δ 13 C 35 variation characteristics with the synchronous observation results of meteorological conditions, 36 gaseous precursor pollutants, gaseous oxidants, gaseous acids and fine particle components, the 37 restriction factors of WSOC gas-particle distribution mechanism were discussed. The presence of 38 radiation rather than its intensity decided whether generations process of WSOCp and WSOCg are 39 divided, for δ 13 C-WSOC of two phases showed significant correlation only during daytime. Meteorological conditions, gaseous precursor pollutants, gaseous oxidants and gaseous acids restrict 41 the gas particle distribution of WSOC by affecting the aging process of WSOCp and WSOCg, gas- 42 particle conversion ratio of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) and the gas phase and liquid 43 phase generation ratio of WSOCp. At the same time, the gas-particle distribution process of WSOC 44 is strongly related to the formation of secondary inorganic ions (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium), and 45 the gas-particle distribution between gaseous nitrous acid and nitrite.


There is a crescent need to improve well‐known processes to environmentally friendly options, and NH3 production is not an exception. Herein, we describe the photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction under a carbon nitride, the poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) using mild conditions for NH3 synthesis. For this purpose, PHI was combined with Nb2O5 nanotubes, leading to a new photocathode with a charge transfer process in a Z‐scheme structure. The photoelectrocatalytic N2 reduction was carried out in Nb2O5Nt/PHI using solar‐simulated radiation and with an applied bias of −0.3 VAg/AgCl. The PHI presence in the photocathode showed not only superior stability compared to bare Nb2O5, but also an ammonia generation rate of 0.156 mmol L−1 h−1 cm−2, which is about 10‐fold higher than the amount obtained with niobium oxide alone. The mild and green conditions employed for ammonia generation place the obtained photocathode as a promising option for the currently used Haber‐Bosch process.


This paper presents a concept of a warning system to prevent rollover of heavy vehicles. The system consists of several sensors which measure the heavy vehicle dynamics. Initially, these dynamics states are observed using observers, and then, knowing the infrastructure characteristics, the risk of rollover is predicted and assessed using the lateral acceleration of the vehicle, the height of the centre of gravity, and the Load Transfer Ratio (LTR). This coefficient is calculated using the estimated load on each wheel.


Because the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry has to be anomalous to solve the strong CP puzzle, some colored and chiral fermions have to transform non-trivially under this symmetry. But when the SM fermions are charged, as in the PQ or DFSZ models, this symmetry ends up entangled with the SM global symmetries, baryon (B) and lepton (L) numbers. This raises several questions addressed in this paper. First, the compatibility of axion models with some explicit B and/or L violating effects is analyzed, including those arising from seesaw mechanisms, electroweak instanton interactions, or explicit B and L violating effective operators. Second, how many of these effects can be simultaneously present is quantified, along with the consequences for the axion mass and vacuum alignment if too many of them are introduced. Finally, large classes of B and/or L violating interactions without impact on axion phenomenology are identified, like for example the various implementations of the type I and II seesaw mechanisms in the DFSZ context.


The GRACE gravity satellite mission has provided monthly gravity field solutions for about 15 years enabling a unique opportunity to monitor large scale mass variation processes. By the end of the GRACE, the GRACE-FO mission was launched in order to continue the time series of monthly gravity fields. The two missions are similar in most aspects apart from the improved intersatellite range rate measurements, which is performed with lasers in addition to microwaves. An obvious demand for the geoscientific applications of the monthly gravity field models is to understand the consistency of the models provided by the two missions. This study provides a case-study related consistency investigation of GRACE and GRACE-FO monthly solutions for the Aral Sea region. As the closeness of the Caspian Sea may influence the monthly mass variations of the Aral Sea, it has also been involved in the investigations. According to the results, GRACE-FO models seem to continue the mass variations of the GRACE period properly, therefore their use jointly with GRACE is suggested. Based on the justified characteristics of the gravity anomaly by water volume variations in the case of the Aral Sea, GRACE models for the period March−June 2017 are suggested to be neglected. Though the correlation between water volume and monthly gravity field variations is convincing in the case of the Aral Sea, no such a correlation for the Caspian Sea could have been detected, which suggests to be the consequence of other mass varying processes, may be related to the seismicity of the Caspian Sea area.


It feels familiar to us with one of the Arabic subjects. Moreover, Arabic learning has existed at the school level from elementary to tertiary education. Arabic learning must stand and cannot be separated from several kinds of language skills, such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. However, apart from the four language skills, we must pay attention to one of the important aspects of language and this is also not separated because without this aspect, language will not be organized. These important aspects are the nahwu rules that we must learn and cannot be separated from the four skills of Arabic. The purpose of this study was to determine how effective the use of the spinning wheel media was in learning Arabic, especially in the subject of qawaid nahwu. Data collection methods used observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The approach used is quantitative with the type of research Quasi Experimental One Group Pretest Posttest. The result of this research is that the use of the spnning wheel media can improve the qawaid nahwu learning process in the seventh grade training of the students of the Darul Qur'an Wal Islamic Boarding School, Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta.


In Working Knowledge: Making the Human Sciences from Parsons to Kuhn, Joel Isaac (2012) explains how from roughly 1920 to 1960 there was the development of an "interstitial academy" at Harvard University. Operating alongside but also apart from traditional departments, a diffuse collection of scholars at the time was problem solving thematic issues that lay at the amorphous boundaries and unfinished seams of traditional disciplines. This informal academy provided the theoretical and methodological milieu for dozens of subdisciplines and programs within and among the social sciences to coalesce. Notably, there were seachanging developments in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and the history of science during the era of this interstitial academy at Harvard: it is on the fringes and among like minds that significant shifts and transformations of knowledge often occur. Today's interstitial academic spaces have a greater institutional presence and are readily seen in the social sciences as valid pursuits. Programs such as archaeology, linguistics, ethnobotany, organizational psychology, behavioral economics, media studies, musicology, etc., offer a rich and interdisciplinary environment that facilitates novel theory building and creative thought. It is precisely because of this that such programs are an especially good fit for the gifted