The high production potential of the Daqing oilfield in China is recognized for seismically thin sand bodies that usually are not resolved with conventional seismic data. The present study assesses the usefulness of applying seismic multi-attribute analysis to bandwidth extended data in resolving and making inferences about these thin layers. In thin layers, tuning can obscure relationships between seismic amplitude and rock properties. In such cases, the seismic phase varies with the layer impedance and may hence aid in reservoir characterization. A seismically derived relative geologic age may also be a useful attribute in predicting rock properties because it helps define the stratigraphic position of a layer. When utilized in multi-attribute analysis in the Daqing field, spectral decomposition amplitude, phase, and a relative geological age attribute to improved prediction of well log effective porosity from seismic data and are preferentially selected by stepwise regression. The study follows standard methodology by implementing seismic multi-attribute analysis and discusses the improvement of applying it to bandwidth extended data. This will include a combination of attributes such as relative geologic age, phase, amplitude, and the magnitude components of spectrally decomposed data.


The etiology and pathology of puerperal eclampsia is an unset tled question at present. A few years since it was generally con sidered due to uremia; now most writers agree that it is a toxemia. As to how and where the toxic material is developed there is difference of opinion and various theories. From clinical experience we learn that death of the fetus mate rially lessens the danger of eclampsia, which is certainly strong presumptive evidence that the living fetus elaborates a toxic ma terial which is a factor in the production of eclamptic seizures. We also learn that emptying the uterus in most cases helps to relieve the patient. As soon after labor as nature can adjust herself to the changed conditions, a process of elimination is instituted and a return to the normal established, provided none of the vital organs are so seriously impaired that they cannot perform their functions. It is claimed by some of late that the physiological hyperplasia of the thyroid gland during pregnancy acts as a kind of safety valve in the destruction of the toxins developed by the uterine metabolism during pregnancy, thereby preventing eclampsia and serious impairment of the kidneys and other organs. If this be true, clinical experience in the future will demon strate the utility of administering thyroid extract to these cases, at least as a prophylactic measure.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the signifi cant diff erences of the marginal bone loss (MBL) between screw retained versus cemented prosthesis. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive electronic searching in PubMed and Cochrane databases up to July 2015 with language restriction to English only. We include any randomized controlled trials compare between screw retained versus cemented retained implant prosthesis regarding MBL. In addition, a manual searching was performed for related journals from January 2011 to May 2015. A meta-analysis was performed on all included studies by using a random eff ect model (mean, 95% confi dence intervals [CI]) to pool the eff ect size as a heterogeneity among studies was high (P < 0.0001 and I² = 88%). Result: Initial screening and manual searching result in 199 articles from which only 4 articles compatible with our inclusion criteria. No statistical signifi cance was found between screw retained and cemented retained prosthesis regarding MBL (confi dence interval CI = 95 and P = 0.26). Conclusion: No strong evidence to support the diff erence between screw retained and cemented retained implant prosthesis in the amount of MBL as a measure for periimplantitis.


The management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection presents us with many challenges. Disease prevention, as well as supervision of chronic carriers of the infection, remains a key concern. Despite a rapid increase in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) coverage, the global disease burden remains high. It is estimated that around 2 billion individuals worldwide have evidence of present or past infection with HBV. 1 Of these, approximately 350 million are chronic carriers of the virus, 1 and it is expected that between 15% and 25% of them will die as a result of HBV. 2 Disease progression can take up to 30 years; therefore an estimated 1 million individuals will die each year from chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. 2


In 1990, I visited four utility companies that own and operate pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants in different countries. The purpose of my visits and associated research was to compare nuclear power plant operator and technician training programs. The companies were: Duke Power Company (DUKE) in the United States, Electricite de France (EDF) in France, Kansai Electric Power Company (KEPCO) in Japan, and RWE Energie AG (RWE) in Germany. The purpose of this paper is to highlight selected aspects of the comparison. First, comparisons of the four subject utilities and four typical nuclear power stations operated by each company, McGuire, Paluel, Ohi, and Biblis, are provided. Then comparisons of new employee demographics and training program specific content are provided. Finally, some general observations are drawn from the comparisons. The comparisons are based on information obtained from documents, interviews, and visits to stations and training centers. However, some interpretation of the information was necessary in order to enable a comparison. For example, categorization of training modules requires judgement, interpretation, and translation. In all cases, the information is intended to be representative or typical, rather than statistically precise.


The present study aimed at studying parent and peer attachment and psychological well-being of rural and urban adolescents (age range: 16-20) of Varanasi District. The sample comprised of 200 adolescents, 100 rural and 100 urban of both sex (boys and girls). For the purpose of data collection Inventory of parent and peer attachment (IPPA) developed by Armsden and Greenberg (1987) and scale of psychological well-being constructed by Ryff (1989) were used. Result reveals that locale play an Important role in parent and peer attachment and psychological well-being. COM and AL dimension of peer attachment was found to be significant among rural and urban adolescents whereas all dimension of parental attachment viz COM, TR, and over all parental attachment were found to be significant in rural and urban adolescents except AL dimension of parental attachment. Further research is required to determine whether parenting and the quality of parent peer relationship play a role in determining how other factor such as peer influences and family environment contribute to determining adolescents psychological well being.


• Part I introduces the Qur'an, Sunnah and Hadith, as well as the relationship between the three sources of Islamic law. This part will also introduce the concept of the authenticity of Hadith. The objective is to provide readers with a better understanding of the history of Sunnah and Hadith, along with their intricacies and complexities. This part of the booklet also discusses how certain factors such as politics, traditional outlook and misogyny have shaped the Hadith and provided support for popularising some Hadith while suppressing others.


Modification of DNA, namely 5- methylcytosine, has been recognized to be one of the dominant phenomenon in the field of epigenetics. Fluctuations in global DNA methylation levels have implications in development, cancer, and aging. Therefore methods for precise quantification of global DNA methylation (i.e. - HPLC and LC/MS) are powerful tools to gain a better understanding in these areas. To address the need for a rapid and convenient sample preparation method for global methylation quantitation, we have developed a one hour, one-step enzymatic procedure for DNA degradation with DNA Degradase™ and DNA Degradase Plus™. DNA Degradase™ and DNA Degradase Plus™ degrade DNA to single nucleotides and nucleosides, respectively. Nucleotides are easily quantitated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while nucleosides (lacking a charged phosphate) are ideal for quantitation by mass spectrometry (LC/MS).


The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover.) had four peaks during the first season and three peaks during the second season, the cotton thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman had two peaks during both seasons, the sweet potato white fly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) had two peaks during the first season and four peaks in the second season and Empoasca spp. exhibited three peaks during the first season and two peaks in the second season. Also, the lady bird beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. had seven peaks during both seasons. Whereas the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea ( Steph.) had seven peaks during 2018 season and eight peaks during 2019 season. The parasitoid, A. colemani had three peaks during 2018 season and five peaks during 2019 season on the cotton aphid.There was a correlation between insect pests and the natural enemies, insignificant positive correlation was observed between C. undecimpunctata and both of A. gossypii and T. tabaci in both seasons. However, C. undecimpunctata has highly significant positive correlation with B. tabaci in the first season only, but it has a significant positive correlation with Empoasca spp. in the first season only . C. carnea, has a highly positive significant correlation with the aphid and the whitefly numbers in the season 2018, whereas during the second season 2019 the correlation was highly positive significant with the whitefly and the green leafhoppers only. The correlation between the parasitoids A. colemani and the aphid was highly significant during both seasons.


Passion fruit (Passifloraceae) was derived from tropical South America. Kind of passion fruit that widely cultivated in South Sulawesi is purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). This study aimed to observe the activity of Passiflora edulis chromosome at different stages of cell division and observed active mitosis time. The study was conducted by using exploratory descriptive study and obtained results a mitotic on Passiflora edulis occurs at 09.00 until 15.00 pm. Prophase seen in 5 minute after observation, prometaphase in 80 minute after the first observation, metaphase in 154 minutes after the first observation, anaphase in 227 minutes after the first observation, and telophase in 317 minutes after the first observation. Keywords: Chromosome, Mitosis, Passiflora edulis, Purple Passion Fruit


The study has been organized to evaluate the focus on interdisciplinary criteria in the higher education curriculum in the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution of Iran via qualitative and documentary analysis with inferential and conceptual analysis. As a result, in Supplementary ratification No. 679 of Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution, attention has been paid to curriculum components that are clearly visible in this movement. In conclusion, interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary criteria have been used in the current and distinct sense of term, such as interdisciplinary tendencies in humanities, and intradisciplinary humanities with other sciences.


The new original egg laying lines T, P and N selected at the Institute of
 Agriculture - Stara Zagora were used. Hybrid Т♂ × Р♀, Р♂ × Т♀ crosses were
 obtained and used for paternal line. Thereafter, the following breeding
 schedule of paternal and maternal lines was applied: Group I - (Р♂×Т♀)♂ ×N♀;
 group ІІ - (Т♂×Р♀)♂ ×N♀; group ІІІ - Т♂×N♀; and group ІV - Р♂×N♀. The
 production traits of original and hybrid birds were recorded: live weight at
 the age of 8 and 18 weeks, age of sexual maturity in days, 150 days egg
 production, average egg weight - at 2-week intervals until end of lay;
 livability, heterosis effect. The live weights of hybrids at 8 and 18 weeks
 of age were statistically significantly lower compared to original lines. The
 values of heterosis for this parameter were negative for all four hybrid
 combinations. The earliest beginning of egg lay occurred in (Т♂×Р♀) ♂ ×N♀
 (162.08 days of age) and Р♂×N♀ (163.11 days of age). The relative (%)
 heterosis for age of sexual maturity of studied hybrid combinations had
 moderate to low negative values. Average egg weights of hybrids were higher
 and the values of heterosis - positive for all four groups varying from 0.97%
 to 1.63%. The average 150 days egg production was lower in purebred lines
 compared to hybrids. The highest average 150 days egg production was
 determined in Р♂×N♀ hybrids - 142 eggs. The heterosis effect for egg
 production in hybrids was significant.


The heats of solution in orthodichlorobenzene were measured as a function of temperature for both as‐reprecipitated and quenched atactic polymethylmethacrylate. The as‐reprecipitated curve decreases linearly with a slope of 0.096 cal/g°C from room temperature to 90°C, and above 110°C has a constant value of +1.5 cal/g. The quenched material data decreases linearly with a slope of 0.12 cal/g°C from room temperature to 55°C, jumps +2 cal/g at 55°C, and continues the linear decrease with a slope of 0.096 cal/g°C from 55 to 90°C. The data suggests that isotactic stereochemical impurities in the atactic material are able to crystallize at 55°C which is the Tg of i‐PMMA, and therefore must be associated as i‐PMMA islands in a rigid atactic‐syndiotactic PMMA matrix. This also suggests that the β transition in PMMA may be associated with the isotactic impurities


In order to quantitatively describe the effect of microfractures on the stress sensitivity features of ultra low permeability reservoir,the stress sensitivity features of ultralow permeability fracture media from the mechanism of fracture medium deformation were analyzed by introducing a permeability stress sensitive theoretical model of single fracture. Then the experiment of stress sensitivity was conducted with microfracture cores fabricated by Brazil experiment and the features of permeability stress sensitivity were analyzed. Finally,the experimental data were contrasted with the theoretical curves. Results indicate that:(1) The theoretical curves quantitatively reveal the stress sensitivity features and the relationships with the microfracture content and roughness;the curves have the stress sensitivity features of fracture media reservoir.(2) The fabricated microfractures can proximately simulate the real situations of microfracture media reservoir and be used in the experiment.(3) The evaluation of stress-dependent permeability of cores should begin with the in-situ stress,or it would be overestimated;the permeability hysteresis loss of tensile-stress microfracture core is smaller and the permeability recovery degree is high so the permeability stress sensitivity is not strong;(4) The theoretical curve accords with the experimental data well,which indicates that the theoretical model can reveal the stress sensitivity characteristics of ultralow permeability fracture media accurately.


Forms and trends of national social education have a long tradition . In pre-revolutionary Russia are based on Christian charity and philanthropy. In the Soviet period it was manifested in the socialist paradigm of care. In the 90 ies of XX century, these trends in light of the need of social protection were issued in the area of special education , " social education ".


nephrosis, because as the distending pelvis has followed the line of least resistance, it has bulged forward, dragging the ureter with it over the inferior vessel, which now compresses it against the pelvis. There is no doubt that this complication has added considerably to the original cause of the retention. As in many cases of hydronephrosis, in this particular case one cannot be certain what was the actual cause. The point of common interest in these two specimens is that it was the lower pelvis in each case which was the seat of the dilatation.


The uncertainty principle is shown to be simply a condition for the geometricaloptic; approximation to be valid, so it fails when wave effects are involved. Usingordina,~, scientific evidence. the uncertainty principle is shown to fail by orders of magnitudeforJ:J. explicit empirical examples:a light microscope, the hydrogen atom, a pocket radio,ascar.· ninglight microscope, betadecay, and Wienerfringes. The altemative causal quantum theo~, that yields precise wave effects without any uncertainties is discussed.


An Object-Based Analysis/Synthesis Audio Coder designed for bit rates between 4 and 16 kbit/s is presented. The coding is based on the decomposition of the input signal into audio objects which are described by appropriate source models and represented by model parameters. Object models for sinusoids, harmonic tones, and noise are utilised.


I think we may go further and add that the powers of cognition, discrimination and comparison which it possesses, exist only for the sake of something beyond themselves, namely, Selection. Whoever studies consciousness, from any point of view whatever, is brought up against the mystery of interest and selective attention. There are many things which consciousness is in a passive and receptive way by its cognitive and registrative powers. But there is one thing which it does, sud sponte, and which seems an original peculiarity of its own; and that is, always to choose out of the manifold experiences present to it at a given time some one for particular accentuation and to ignore the rest. And I shall show how, from its simplest to its most complicated forms, it exerts this function with unremitting industry. [1]


The liquid crystalline (LC) order appears in a variety of polymer systems, such as solutions of rod-like molecules (DNA, TMV), solutions of semi-flexible molecules (long fragements of DNA) block-copolymer melts, main-chain and side-chain liquid crystalline polymers melts etc. Many LC phases have been observed in these system; the most common being: the nematic, cholesteric, smectic or lamellar, hexagonal, and double gyroid (in block copolymers) phases. We will discus in detail some of them and give their quantitative description in terms of order parameters. We will also present various theoretical models used to study LC ordering in the systems. The model discussed in this papers are as follows: Onsager model ans its extension within the Density Functional Theories (DFT), Khohlov-Semenov model for semiflexible polymers, Kratky-Porod model, combination of the Kratky-Porod model and Maier-Saupe model, self consistent field theoretical model and finaly the Landau-Ginzburg models and their connection with the Edwards model for polymer systems. We will also briefly discuss the elasticity of polymer systems in the case of nematic ordering. We present in a pedagogical manner the general ideas which are behind various models and give references to the papers which contain the technical details.


Copyright © 2018 The Korean Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Society This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Novel Bioactive Glass Putty (S53P4) as Bone Graft Expander in Minimally Invasive Lumbosacral Interbody Fusion


With respect to climate change, free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments provide the opportunity to investigate effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on plants and ecosystems grown under natural conditions. The aim of this thesis is the determination of (i) lipid turnover, (ii) changes in lipid distribution patterns and (iii) changes in water-use-efficiency in a deciduous forest under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. Sampling was conducted in a ca. 35 m tall, ca. 100 years old deciduous forest at the Swiss Canopy Crane Project-site (SCCP, Hofstetten close to Basel, Switzerland). Plant lipids from Acer, Carpinus, Prunus and Quercus under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (550 ppm) were investigated, respectively. Samples were taken from leaves, branches, roots and soil horizons. Lipids were gained with Soxhlet-Extraction, while chromatographic separation yielded the fractions of fatty acids and n-alkanes. Samples from trees kept under ambient and elevated CO2 were then compared in their lipid distribution patterns by gas chromatographic analysis. Isotopic analysis revealed δC-values of fatty acids and organic carbon, combined with determination of soil organic carbon content. For fatty acids, also δD-values were determined. Analysis offered a decrease of soil organic carbon content, accompanied by a slight increase of soil lipid content. The average chain length of fatty acids and nalkanes often declined under elevated CO2, with particular similarities between Carpinus and Quercus. Both belong to the same order and showed analogue behavior also in changes of the carboxylic acid ratio. In the majority of cases, an increment of the carbon preference index was observed. Consistently higher δD-values were found, especially in leaves and branches, which indicate an improved water-use-efficiency of the trees under elevated CO2 on a molecular level. They were combined with a decrease of δC-values. Turnover times determined for soil organic carbon and fatty acids showed similar trends within the soil profiles. Turnover time ranged between 5 and 200, respectively 350 years.


The effects of revascularization extent (RE) on the long‐term prognosis of patients with stable angina pectoris and 3‐vessel disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were unknown.


The Antarctic mantle, bounded between the core and the Mohorovičić discontinuity, is one of the most difficult targets of study on Earth because of ice cover and rare outcrop. A multidisciplinary approach is adopted in this volume, using petrology, geochemistry, remote sensed data and geodesy, to characterise the Antarctic mantle. This characterisation has application to rates of glacial isostatic adjustment, heat flow, sea level rise and tectonics. It places the Antarctic mantle domain in a global framework on a scale not attempted before. In this chapter we review the historical development of mantle studies in Antarctica, outline current research directions, introduce the volume chapters and provide a summary and outlook.


DURING THE MONTH of June, 1955, while measurements were being made of the depth of penetration of moonlight into the sea off the Kona Coast (S. W. coast) of the island of Oahu in the Hawaiian gtoup, some information was obtained on bioluminescence in deep water in this region and on the effect of moonlight on the vertical distribution of luminescent organisms. Observations of bioluminescence were also made off San Diego, California, during the month of January, 1956. An underwater photometer (Kampa, 1955; Snodgrass et al., 1957 in press) designed for work in the deep sonic-scattering layers was used for these measurements. This was ,equipped with a depth-indicator (Boden et al., 1955) so that a precise knowledge of the depth of the instrument was available at all times. The instrument utilizes a 931-A photomultiplier tube oriented with the sensitive surface facing up. In front of this is a collimating tube at the base of which is a filterholder for interference filters. The collimator ensures that the 5° useful angle of the filters


The economic production quantity model is widely used as a decision making tool. However, climate change and energy supply instability have raised the transport costs of raw materials, thereby affecting production costs. Therefore, this paper presents a new model that considers the holding costs of raw materials under conditions of two-level trade credit and limited storage capacity. Four theorems are developed to characterize the optimal solutions according to a cost-minimization strategy. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is executed to investigate the effects of the various parameters on ordering policies and the annual total relevant costs.


The importance of the police in British India has seldom been fully recognised, but, as this book shows, they were vital to the maintenance of colonial rule. Focusing on the period between the rebellion of 1857-8 and Independence ninety years later, it is a powerful reminder of the impact of colonialism and its enduring political and institutional legacies.


By 2004, the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)b had developed the United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Resources (UNFC) and submitted it to the United Nations Economic and Social Council for its consideration.


The manuscript presents an analysis of the evaporation-minus-precipitation (E-P) signature along atmospheric river (AR) trajectories of hydrological relevance to various sectors of west Europe. The detection of AR is based on an existing method introduced in Lavers et al. (2012) with refinements to facilitate applications to different geographical sectors. Analysis of AR trajectories is based on a Lagrangian dataset produced by a global simulation of the FLEXPART model widely used in the community. The ERA-Interim reanalysis is used for the detection of ARs, and for forcing the FLEXPART model. The methods used are reasonable, and the results represent a useful contribution to the ongoing understanding (sometimes debate) of the moisture sources and transport associated with ARs.


Geometric reconstruction from image collections is a classical computer vision problem. The problem essentially consists of two steps; First, the identification of matches and assembling of point tracks, and second, multiple view geometry computations. In this paper we address the problem of constructing point tracks using graph theoretical algorithms. From standard descriptor matches between all pairs of images we construct a graph representing all image points and all possible matches. Using Gomory-Hu trees we make cuts in the graph to construct the individual point tracks. We present both theoretical and experimental results (on real datasets) that clearly demonstrates the benefits of using our approach.


Recent advances in high-parameter spatial biology have yielded a rapidly growing new class of biological data, allowing researchers to more comprehensively characterize cellular state and morphology in native tissue context. However, spatial biology lacks a cohesive data abstraction on which to build novel computational tools and algorithms, making it difficult to fully leverage these emergent data. Here, we present emObject, a domain-specific data abstraction for spatial biology data and experiments. We demonstrate the simplicity, flexibility, and extensibility of emObject for a range of spatial omics data types, including the analysis of Visium, MIBI, and CODEX data, as well as for integrated spatial multiomic experiments. The development of emObject is an essential step towards building a unified data science ecosystem for spatial biology and accelerating the pace of scientific discovery.


This paper describes the key technology necessary to be solved to intercept the tactic ballistic missile by the improved air defense missile and to establish the future anti tactic ballistic missile (ATBM) system. It also introduces and analyzes the features of the anti tactic ballistic missile defense systems of America and Russia. The analysis result shows the anti tactic ballistic missile defense should mainly depend on and develop the base interception system.


Chop and Grp78 genes are key genes in endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS). To explore the gene alteration of Chop and Grp78 in embryo with spina bifida, we studied Chop and Grp78 gene expression by qRT-PCR in neural tube of rat with spina bifida in E12 and primary cultured neuroepithelial stem cells(NEP). We found higher expression of both Chop and Grp78 in neural tube of rat with spina bifida than normal rats.While Chop and Grp78 genes were up-regulated after NEP differentiated into neuron.The up-regulation of Chop and Grp78 genes in neural tube of rat and NEP might be involved in the abnormal apoptosis in spina bifida related with ERS.And we found the primary culture of NEP provided a good model for embryo early development research.

Key words:
spina bifida; Chop; Grp78; Neuroepithelial stem cell


We have investigated martensitic transformation behavior in a sensitized SUS304 austenitic stainless steel to know the stability of the austenitic phase at cryogenic temperatures. We found that the sensitized specimen exhibits an isothermal martensitic transformation when the specimen is held in the temperature range between 60 and 260K. The time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram corresponding to the formation of 0.5 vol% of α'-martensite shows a double-C curve with two noses located at about 100 and 200 K. An in-situ optical microscope observation has revealed that the double C-curve is due to two different transformation sequences. That is, the upper part of the C-curve is attributed to the direct γ (fcc) → α' (bcc) martensitic transformation and the lower part of the C-curve is due to the successive γ (fcc) → e' (hcp) → α' (bcc) martensitic transformation. The direct γ → α' transformation occurs in the vicinity of grain boundaries, while the successive γ → e' → α' transformation occurs near the center of each grain. The reason for appearing two types of isothermal transformation sequence in the sensitized SUS304 stainless steel will be due to the difference in concentration by sensitization heat-treatment.


This paper presents a critique and development of a previous paper by Laughlin and Puxty. It argues that their worldview perspective is an advance on the established self-interest perspective, but is critical of its abstraction of worldviews from their formation within institutional contexts. An alternative interpretation of accounting regulation is offered which relates accounting regulations and standards to the location and investment of the providers and users of accounting information within existing politico-economic institutional arrangements.


INTRODUCTION
Active aging is the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security, aiming to improve quality of life as people age. A series of studies had demonstrated that a lower prevalence of depression is found among more active elderly.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between indicators of active aging and depressive symptoms among the elderly (aged 60 years or more).

METHOD
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,006 elderly people (aged 60 years or over) from a small-sized Brazilian municipality. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale - 15, with cutoff point ≥ 6 symptoms. Active aging was evaluated using indicators such as: active occupational situation, manual work, reading and physical activities. Data analyses used modified Poisson regression to obtain crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR).

RESULTS
Most of the elderly people were: white, women and aged between 60 and 74 years. All the indicators of active aging were associated with the outcome. After controlling for socioeconomic, demographic and health variables, elderly people who worked, participated in groups, did manual work and maintained interests such as reading and talking to friends had lower prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to those not doing these activities.

CONCLUSIONS
Active aging approaches may serve as a valuable mental health promotion strategy aimed at the elderly.


When the USA space agency NASA requested standards for food safety at the time of planning the first moon landing, little did they know how that managerial advance would benefit the food industry.


This is the first in a series of short articles, Commercializing Ada, which is devoted to the subject on how to increase the use of Aria in the commercial world. For those of you who are interested in scholarly articles on Ada and/or Software engineering, please accept my apologies for wasting your time and do not waste any more of it by reading further. My focus is on what needs to be done to transfer Aria, which is an elegant and useful technology, from predominantly military uses to civilian commerce.


This article utilizes the experimental method to investigate the thermal performance of heat sinks with one and two pairs of embedded heat pipes. A heat sink with embedded heat pipes transfers the total heat capacity from the heat source to both the base plate and heat pipes, and then disperses heat into the surrounding air via the forced convection. The heat transference from base plate to fins can be conducted through the examined results of the heat sink with and without the function of heat pipes. The heat capacity from heat pipes to fins is equal to the total heat minus the heat from base plate to fins. Therefore, the heat carried by embedded heat pipes can be found using the thermal resistance analytical approach stated in this article. The results show that two and four heat pipes embedded in the base plate carry 36% and 48% of the total dissipated heat respectively; in addition, when the total heating power of the heat sink with two embedded heat pipes is 140W, the total thermal resistance reaches its minimum value of 0.27oC/W, while for the heat sink with four embedded heat pipes, when the total heating power is between 40W and 240W, the total thermal resistance is 0.24oC/W, meaning that the thermal performance is better than that of heat sink with two embedded heat pipes.


Provided is a novel method for treating soil-contaminating water, the method using a photocatalytic material capable of efficiently removing volatile organic compounds and heavy metals, which are causing soil contamination, by irradiation of light alone. A method for treating soil-contaminating water that detoxifies volatile organic compounds contained in soil-contaminating water using a photocatalytic material, the method being characterized in comprising (1) a process for obtaining a gas phase by gas-liquid separation of the soil-contaminating water, and (2) a process for degrading the volatile organic compounds contained in the gas phase obtained in Process (1) using the photocatalytic material. A method for treating soil-contaminating water that removes heavy metals contained in soil-contaminating water using a photocatalytic material, the method being characterized in comprising (1) a process for obtaining a liquid phase by gas-liquid separation of the soil-contaminating water, and (2) a process for removing the heavy metals contained in the liquid phase obtained in Process (1) using the photocatalytic material.


Abstract Building complex structures from simple starting materials is important for effective organic synthesis. In this context, domino reactions comprising hydrozirconation of alkenes, their subsequent utilization in a copper-catalyzed conjugate addition to enones, followed by electrophilic trapping of the formed zirconium enolates with activated alkene and carbocations are described. Reactivity of metal enolates was studied by DFT calculations.


The title compound, [Ag2Cu(CN)4(C10H8N2)2]n, contains a three-dimensional doubly penetrating framework structure composed of copper(II) bridged by 4,4′-bipyridine and dicyanoargentate groups. The Cu atom is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by six N atoms in a distorted tetragonal–bipyramidal geometry as a result of a significant Jahn–Teller distortion. The equatorial plane of Cu is coordinated by two bridging bipyridine ligands and two N-bound dicyanoargentate anions, while the axial positions are occupied by two N atoms from bridging dicyanoargentate anions. A three-coordinate Ag atom is present, due to two Ag—C bonds and one longer Ag—N interaction.


The constitutive model due to Kocks, Mecking and Estrin, the so‐called One Internal Variable Model, which was developed to describe quasi‐static stress‐strain behaviour of metallic materials, has been extended to provide modular modelling of the material behaviour under strain rates relevant for automotive applications (10−3/s to 250/s). The extended description applies to particle strengthened, fine grained and lamellar microstructures and also accounts for the effect of deformation induced heat release. Strain rate dependence of the yield stress in ferritic steels has been included. A first application of the extended model to the response to dynamic loading of a deep drawing quality (DC06) and a microalloyed steel grade (HX420LAD) is presented. Other possibilities of modular modelling mentioned are the prediction of work hardening behaviour at high strains, extension of model to cyclic behaviour and the prediction of deformation instabilities.


After the 2009 Urumqi Riot, heavy measures to maintain stability have dominated China's ethnic policy; the authority has also provided wide-range social welfare for acquiring loyalty. In September 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping laid out his ethnic policy, including insistence on the Ethnic Regional Autonomy, a multi-culturalist outlook, equal access to public services, stronger local governance, rule of law and nurturing of new ethnic elites. Many follow-up policies have been publicised, but challenges remain.


The rate and volume of generation of waste material in the developing societies has increased significantly. Correspondingly the demand of energy has increased many folds. One of the options in this situation is to recover the energy value of the waste material for production of power and heat through gasification. Gasification of materials is a proven concept and its environmental benefits are known. The characteristic behavior and scope of gasification of four waste materials namely steam treated Food Waste (FW), Poultry Waste (PW), steam treated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Used Tyres (UT) have been studied in a 10kg/hr hybrid gasification plant. This pilot plant consists of a fixed bed gasifier followed by a two in one cyclone scrubber for gas cleaning and a flare system. Various laboratory tests of these materials through proximate, ultimate analysis and stove test were conducted to establish their fuel characteristics. These materials were gasified to generate synthesis gas. It was observed that FW and UT offer sustainable potential for energy recovery. MSW on the other hand had considerable ash and had difficulties during gasification. PW could only be gasified when mixed with charcoal or high CV UT in order to balance against its high moisture. The gas analysis of the waste indicated significant quantities of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.


Little research has examined the effects of stakeholder theory on employees, including how firm emphasis on creating value for multiple stakeholders (versus maximizing profits for shareholders) aff...


In recent years, the Muslim population in Europe has increased in a significant way due to the large inflow of immigrants from Muslim countries caused by the war in Syria and the activity of the Islamic State. In the long history of Christian-Muslim relations, these two religions, with their respective political powers, were involved in many conflicts. Europe has become very secular and lost some of her Christian values. It would be interesting to see if the influx of Muslims with strong religious values creates an opportunity for Christians to co-operate in some areas and to strengthen common beliefs. The aim of this article is to identify possible areas of co-operation between Christians and Muslims in the secular Europe and the basic conditions that must be met to make this co-operation possible. The answer is given through the analysis of the following issues: main disputes between Christian churches and liberal legislation regarding marriage, family values and the protection of human life; analysis of the world wide Muslim beliefs and attitude to family and protection of life; analysis of the co-operation of Christians and Muslims at the UN, in different States or NGOs in the area of legislation protection as well as the co-operation of Christians and Muslims in Great Britain at the basic level. At the end of the article, the main results and conclusions are presented.


Despite advances in knowledge about COVID-19, little is known about the course of the disease and its long-term outcomes. Therefore, post-pandemic research has focused on the sequelae and complications caused by the Coronavirus. Thus, the objective was to investigate symptomatological remains and their duration of discharged patients hospitalized for COVID-19 from three regional hospitals in Ceará. This is a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out from August to October 2021 through telesurvey. The final sample consisted of 49 patients in the first wave of the pandemic and 153 in the second, totaling 202 participants. Data were tabulated in an Excel® spreadsheet and analyzed according to descriptive statistics. There is a prevalence of male patients, 31 (63.3%) in the first period investigated, and 86 (56.2%) in the second wave. In the investigation of physical symptoms, fatigue/tiredness stood out, identified in 23 (46.9%) and 69 (45.1%) individuals according to the wave, followed by a lack of appetite in 13 (26.5%) and (40.5%). Shortness of breath was highlighted in the second period among 39 (25.5%) individuals. Symptoms such as memory loss, cough, and chest pain appear to be the most lasting, and were prevalent for up to 4 months after hospital discharge. While in the 2nd wave chest pain was cited lasting up to 6 months. In this context, this study exposes the main symptoms reported, pointing to the imminent need for public strategies for monitoring and intervention services with these patients. © 2022 Centro Universitario Sao Camilo. All rights reserved.


We show that cryogenically cooled, photon counting superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs) can be used to simultaneously record the optical spectra from multiple biological fluorochromes. Measurements with a single-pixel tantalum STJ with a wavelength resolving power R=λ/Δλ of about 10 confirm the expected sensitivity advantage with respect to the photomultiplier-based detectors commonly used to record signals from microarrays and other fluorescent biological systems.


The present invention relates to a method for preparing fish sauce seasoning, the method comprising: (a) a liquid fish sauce decolorization and deodorization; fish sauce (b) from said concentrating step (a) is contained in the fish sauce and the the salt crystals; (c) separating the fish sauce concentrate (b) and a crystalline salt; and (d) repeating said steps (b) and (c) at least once, the present invention also relates to a fish sauce seasoning prepared by the method products. Fish sauce seasoning of the present invention has a high total nitrogen content, and since neither the chemical additives contained in the raw material is not added seasoning fish sauce seasoning of the present invention is therefore the chemical additives in the process for its native flavoring material, and a suitable salinity and the savory taste seasoning as it is used as substitute material and MMG additive synthesis of nucleic acids.


The 2015-2016 academic year has been productive on multiple fronts. For example, in the area of basic science/translational research, the Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research has continued to employ its molecular genetics approach to determine optimal treatment programs for patients with


Child labor has obtained increasing interest as a research subject since the mid-1990s. One of thefactors for this is the growing concern over reducing poverty among those who are the most vulnerable toexogenous shock, particularly working children. Another factor is the recognition of the importance ofhuman capital accumulation as a source of development, and the incidence child labor as a majorimpediment to economic development.In their seminal paper, Basu and Van [1998] proposed the "Luxury Axiom," which states thatpoverty is the fundamental determinant of child labor, and a number of subsequent studies support thishypothesis (Basu and Tzannatos [2003]).On the other hand, there is a study that failed to uncover a positive relationship between povertyand child labor (Nielsen [1998] in Zambia, Ray [2000] in Pakistan).Other counter examples are proposed by Bhalotra and Heady [2003], Canagarajah and Coulombe[1997], Edmonds and Turk [2002], and Kanbargi and Kulkarni [1991].Using data from Pakistan and Ghana, the study by Bhalotra and Heady [2003] on the "WealthParadox" found that greater poverty does not lead to greater child labor. They proposed an interestinganalysis of the Wealth Paradox as the mere effects of farm size on child labor. The hypothesis was based ontheir remarkable observation that children from land rich households are more often found in work thanchildren from land poor households. We term this phenomenon the Wealth Paradox. Its basic theoreticalmodel is derived from the example of a peasant household in an economy with imperfect markets for labor,land, and credit, which allows two periods to capture the impact of child work in period 1 on productivityin period 2. This model simply signifies that the ownership of productive assets, especially land, can affectchild labor in various ways: (i) the effect arrives through both the gain in work experience and the possibledecrease in educational attainment because this can have negative wealth effects, with large land holdingsgenerating a higher income, making it easier for households to forgo the income that child labor yields, and(ii) the capital market imperfection that results in lower interest rates for households, which can offer landas collateral and reinforce the wealth effect, allowing large landowners to borrow more to meet insuranceneeds or finance their children's education.On the contrary, Basu et al. [2007] argue that the missing ingredient is an explicit modeling of thelabor market and develop a model that suggests an inverted-U relationship between land holdings and childlabor. Moreover, they find empirical evidence to support the hypothesis derived from the theoretical model.Edmonds and Turk [2002], and Canarajah and Coulombe [1997] found that households that startedtheir own business were more likely to send their children to work in Vietnam and Ghana, respectively.


Abstract : The report presents graphs of local hour angle vs solar depression angles from 0 to 32 degrees for latitudes 0 to 90 degrees. Similar graphs are given in the Air Almanac for solar depression angles to 12 degrees, allowing computations of sunrise to sunset and twilight phenomena up to altitudes of approximately 100 kilometers. The graphs given in this report extend the altitude range of such computations to approximately 1000 kilometers. The tables can also be used for planets and stars, but for the moon considerable error will arise unless corrections for parallax are applied. (Author)


LBL-13769 Volume Production of Negative Ions in the Reflex-Type Ion Source Kouichi Jinbo (Ph.D. Thesis) Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 June 1982 LBL--13769 DE82 018513 i b This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Fusion Energy, Development and Technology Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.


Indigenous over-representation in the criminal justice system is a longstanding and well documented characteristic of the Australian penal landscape. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, approximately two percent of the Australian adult population in 2018 identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. In sharp contrast, the proportion of the national prison population that identifies as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander is 28 percent (ABS 2018).


Abstract : It is shown that for quasi-linear hyperbolic systems of the conservation form W sub t = -(F sub x) = -A(W sub x), it is possible to build up relatively simple finite difference numerical schemes accurate to 3rd and 4th order provided that the matrix A satisfies commutativity relations with its partial-derivative-matrices. This requirement is not fulfilled by any known physical systems of equations. These schemes generalize the Lax-Wendroff 2nd order one, and are written down explicitly. As found by Strang, odd order schemes are linearly unstable unless modified by adding a term containing the next higher space derivative. Thus stabilized, the schemes, both odd and even, can be made to meet the C.F.L. (Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy) criterion. Numerical calculations were made with a 3rd order and a 4th order scheme for scalar equations with continuous and discontinuous solutions. The results are compared with analytic solutions and the predicted improvement is verified.


The Quality of Service (QoS) of the MANET is affected by the security, routing scheme and power consumption of the network. The presence of malicious node in the network is also affect the Quality of Service (QoS) of the MANET. This paper aims to route the data packets through only good or normal nodes in the network. The nodes in the network are classified as good or bad node by using the iterative classification algorithm. For each and route discovery to the destination, the source node initiate the execution of the iterative classification algorithm. So, the proposed Confide based Path Discovery (CPD) scheme avoid the degradation in the QoS of MANET due to the presence of malicious node in the route to reach the destination.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply an exact finite strip (F‐a FSM) for the buckling and initial post‐buckling analyses of box section struts.Design/methodology/approach – The Von‐Karman's equilibrium equation is solved exactly to obtain the buckling loads and deflection modes for the struts. The investigation is then extended to an initial post‐buckling study with the assumption that the deflected form immediately after the buckling is the same as that obtained for the buckling. Through the solution of the Von‐Karman's compatibility equation, the in‐plane displacement functions are developed in terms of the unknown coefficient. These in‐plane and out‐of‐plane deflected functions are then substituted in the total strain energy expressions and the theorem of minimum total potential energy is applied to solve for the unknown coefficient.Findings – The F‐a FSM is applied to analyze the buckling and initial post‐buckling behavior of some representative box sections for which the result...


ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify patient and clinical factors most strongly associated with a spinal cord injury patient's risk for developing a pressure ulcer (PU) during rehabilitation. DesignThis is a prospective observational cohort study conducted at an urban rehabilitation hospital-based specialized spinal cord injury center. The main outcome measure was the onset of a stage 2 or higher PU. ResultsStudy patients (N = 159) with new (n = 66) and patients with earlier (n = 99) spinal injuries had identical rates at which they acquired a new PU (stage ≥2) in rehabilitation—13.1%. The patients who came to rehabilitation with a PU or myocutaneous flap exhibited a higher rate of developing yet another PU while in rehabilitation (30.2%) than those who came to rehabilitation without an existing PU or flap (6.9%). Logistic regression analysis identified two variables that best predicted a patient's risk at admission for developing a PU during rehabilitation (c = 0.77)—entering rehabilitation with a PU and admission Functional Independence Measure transfers score of less than 3.5. ConclusionsThe greatest risk of developing a new PU in rehabilitation is being admitted with an existing PU followed by admission Functional Independence Measure transfers score of less than 3.5. Using these two variables, one can develop a patient PU risk algorithm at admission that can alert clinicians for the need to enhance vigilance, skin monitoring, and early patient education.


A mathematical model capable of estimating the temperature and stress distribution in a devolatilizing cylindrical wood particle is proposed. The model assumes wood as orthotropic and comprises a thermal submodel and a stress submodel. It takes into account the contributions to stress by the temperature rise, shrinkage during drying and devolatilization, and mechanosorption. The thermal submodel estimates the temperature distribution and shrinkage as a function of space and time to be used as inputs to the stress submodel. Calculations have been carried out for cylindrical wood particles of aspect ratio l/d = 1 and with dimensions of 10, 20, and 30 mm. The model predictions compared with the results of an available drying model are found to be satisfactory. During devolatilization of the wood particle, the model predicts high compressive stresses at the center while those at the surface are tensile in nature and moderate in magnitude. A modified von Mises criterion predicts failure at the axial center of ...


According to the invention, the rotation speed of the drum of an ore mill is variably controlled over time. By the drum is rotated during a first time interval at high speed, particularly hard or dense particles are broken by falling. Simultaneously, during the first time interval the discharge behavior of the mill is impaired. In the first time interval, a second time interval during which the drum is rotated at a lower speed follows. In the second time interval, the material is effectively issued during the tumbling motion within the mill can not be achieved. The combination of these different modes of operation within small periods of time during operation improved means for both the crushing by plunging movement of the material and the discharge of the ground material. By controlling the speed with different setpoints within a short time frame, different demands on the movement behavior of the material to be ground and the discharge behavior of the ground material can be optimized simultaneously. This has the advantage that a higher throughput can be achieved for the mill.


In two-dimensional and three-dimensional statements, a generalization of the pursuit problem is considered, when the object being pursued moves in a circle (plane case) or in a helical line (three-dimensional case), and various cases of dependence of object velocities in the problem are considered. Conditions are analytically obtained for the stability of the trajectories of motion of objects in the problem. Possible realization of this problem - the pursuit of one drone by another one as flying objects.


Interaction of copper chlorides with radicals is a key step of single electron transfer reactions and is responsible for high selectivity of copper-catalyzed radical processes. In the present article reactions of binuclear copper(II) chlorides with methyl radical were studied in the scope of density functional theory. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of potential energy surfaces allow proposing that there are at least two reasons for the lower activity of binuclear complexes Cu2Cl62– in comparison with CuCl42–. First, the radicals react with binuclear chlorocuprates via an atom transfer mechanism through an activation barrier, in contrast to the barrierless character of such reactions with partition of CuCl42–. Second, only in the systems with binuclear copper chloro complexes may an alternative path of spontaneous formation of chloroorganocuprates be realized. These intermediates may be dormant species in radical reactions.


why particular systems change or endure. In other words it is the latter interpretation of his question he wishes to discuss. But to answer this question demands not simply a treatise on the internal mechanics of political systems but also the consideration of why (in his terms) the authoritative allocation of values in society is always necessary. The societal sources of politics are of at least equal importance to the explanation of the persistence of political systems as the activities of the authorities. Easton is in the position Pareto would have been if, having listed the variables of the political system, instead of going on to try to demonstrate their usefulness in explaining political changes, he had assumed he had answered the Spencerian problem of the functions of political systems for society. (3) But this raises the further issue of the usefulness of Easton's conception of systems analysis for political scientists. The most successful sections of the book, conceptual discussions of authority and community, owe nothing to it, and some of the claims he makes for it, that it is operational, or that empirical generalizations emerge as by-products, are extraordinary. For the terminology of inputoutput-feedback does not derive from political analysis but from a language developed to describe any adaptive system whatsoever. In consequence it tells us nothing about politics, but can only be applied to what is already known. Any empirical generalizations stem not from systems analysis but from quite independent research into politics. The usefulness of this language can be demonstrated if it is successful in


The present dissertation examined the potential of FB to enhance students' motivation to participate in the pre-writing stage and change their pre-writing skills. For the purpose of this study, the researcher created a class group on Facebook page and organized five lessons. The five lessons that were taught in that class had students use FB as a means of sharing ideas and interacting. Before these lessons took place, the teacher had gathered some necessary data whose collection was based on mixed method approaches. The results of the current research were positive enough for the implementation of Facebook in an EFL class.


The research issues of hyperplane arrangement is an important topic of combinatorial geometry,in this paper we give another proof of ideas for hyperplane configuration parameters and related indicators of the counting by double induction.


We propose the nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) as an effective global interconnect method that offers capabilities of rise/fall edge sharpening, signal shaping/amplification, and impedance matching. Interconnect line characteristics of NLTLs implemented with the MIT Lincoln Lab 0.18/spl mu/m FDSOI (fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator) CMOS process are investigated up to 35GHz using S-parameters. The excellent return and insertion loss properties in a broadband illustrate the advantage of the NLTL interconnect. NLTL also provides a convenient way to tune the transmission-line characteristic impedance at microwave frequencies.


BACKGROUND
Drug-resistant infections kill hundreds of thousands of people globally every year. In previous work, we found that tri-methoxy- and pyridine-substituted imidazoles show strong antibacterial activities.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial activities and bacterial resistances of imidazoles bearing an aromatic heterocyclic, alkoxy, or polycyclic moiety on the central ring.

METHODS
Three series of 2-cyclopropyl-5-(5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-2-substituted-1H-imidazol-4- yl)-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles (13a-e, 14a-d, and 15a-f) were synthesized and their antibacterial activity was evaluated. The structures were confirmed by their 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. All the synthesized compounds were screened against Gram-positive, Gramnegative, and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.

RESULTS
More than half of the compounds showed moderate or strong antibacterial activity. Among them, compound 13e (MICs = 1-4 μg/mL) showed the strongest activity against Gram-positive and drug-resistant bacteria as well as high selectivity against Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, it showed no cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, even at 100 μM, and no hemolysis at 20 μM.

CONCLUSION
These results indicate that compound 13e is excellent candicate for further study as a potential antibacterial agent.


The present study represents report on bioactive constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three cultivars of wax apple fruit. Results revealed that fruits of both Masam manis (pink) and Jambu madu (red) cultivars are the ultimate sources of anthocyanin, carotene and vitamin-C. On the contrary, chlorophyll and titratable acidity content were higher in fruits of Giant green (green) cultivar. The amount of trace elements was high in pink followed by red and green cultivars. The highest amounts of total phenols and flavonoids were in methanol extracts compared to ethanol fruit extracts and these polyphenolic compounds were correlated with antioxidant activities (R2 = 0.98). In addition, ethanol extracts of leaf, bark and fruit showed good antioxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 283-358 μg mL-1 and antimicrobial activity as compared to methanol extracts.
Among the cultivars, red cultivar performed the best antimicrobial activity. Bark and fruit extracts of green cultivar showed the highest antioxidant activity as measured by rabbit erythrocytes haemolysis. LC-MS/MS analysis showed several peaks with fragmentation patterns corresponding to the high antioxidant activity of the water extracted fraction. This current study has shown that wax apple cultivars are ultimate source of bioactive constituents, trace elements and metabolites that have the potential to serve as antioxidant and antibacterial compounds beneficial for human health and may serve as a lead to the development of new pharmaceutical products.


Magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) were prepared by controlling some chemical reaction parameters through partial reduction-precipitation method with ferric chloride aqueous solutions as precursor material.The surface of particles were modified by Z-6020,Z-6030 and Z-6040 silane-coupling agents,respectively.The function groups of the surface,magnetic susceptibility and the stability of MNPs were characterized by infrared spectrum,the Gouy magnetic balance and visible light spectrophotometer etc. The infrared spectrum analysis indicates that the MNPs modified by Z-6020,Z-6030,Z-6040 silane-coupling angents respectively couple with different active organic function groups. They all couple with —?OH species,besides,the magnetic nanoparticles modified by Z-6020 couple with —NH 2 and —NH; by Z-6030 couple with —?CO and —CC; by Z-6040 couple with —C—?O,—C—?O?—C and —C—?OH.In addition,MNPs modified by Z-6020 have the highest ratio of magnetization and the worse stability; by Z-6040 the higher ratio of magnetization and the best stability;by Z-6030 the lowest ratio of magnetization and the worst stability.


Purpose – Reliability is a major quality characteristic which has grown in importance as products/systems have become ever more sophisticated. Neglecting it could spell great losses in terms of patronage, revenue, and even lives. The purpose of this paper is to present a multi‐criteria optimisation model and methodology for the Pareto optimal assignment of reliability to the components of a series‐parallel system in order to maximise its reliability.Design/methodology/approach – The subsystems' reliabilities are maximised independently but simultaneously in order to maximise the overall system reliability, while a penalty function modelling cost of reliability improvement is minimised. The resultant continuous and nonlinear optimisation problem is scalarised by a convex combination of the criteria and the MATLAB Optimisation Toolbox is used to generate the solutions.Findings – The results for an illustrative example problem extracted from the literature show that: higher reliabilities could be assigned to...


The effect of such medium properties as magnetic unit size, film thickness, and strength of anisotropy, dipolar, and exchange interactions on the storage capacity limit of a thin‐film recording medium is investigated. Relationships are derived for media with different properties that have equivalent capacity. The physically realizable range of material properties and their effect on the capacity bound are explored. Results on edge effects for capacity bound computations are presented. The results indicate that media for which anisotropy is the dominant source of magnetic energy have the greatest potential for information storage.


During the last several years Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been investigating the decay of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer during the transition from afternoon convection to evening stable stratification. As part of that study we have worked to extract the dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy from a 915 MHz wind profiling radar. Our approach has followed the methods of Gossard et al. (1998) and White et al. (1999) for relating the width of the wind peak in the radar range-gate spectra to dissipation. Because we are interested in the turbulence decay process, it is important to resolve temporal changes of the turbulence as finely as possible. Ideally, we wish to obtain credible dissipation measurements from individual beam cycles. This requires both accuracy and automation in the algorithm that resolves the profiler Doppler spectral peaks. This motivated our use of the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR's) Improved Moment Algorithm (NIMA) to extract moments from wind profiler data (Cornman et al. 1998; Morse et al. 2002; Goodrich et al. 2002). To verify our calculations of dissipation from the profiler, we sought opportunities for intercomparison with dissipation measured by other platforms. As an initial effort, PNNL carried out a brief pilot study by operating a profiler near a sonic anemometer mounted on a tower. As a second comparison, we have used profiler and aircraft data collected during the 1997 Cooperative Atmosphere Surface Exchange Study (CASES-97). In this paper we summarize our calculations of dissipation from the wind profilers, and we compare profiler-derived dissipation measurements with in situ measurements from the tower and aircraft.


Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is continuing evolving. More than one hundred works related to EUS were presented this year at DDW 2017. The main purpose of this article is to share results of different papers from a particular point of view. Selection was made taking in account clinical applicability or impact. Three topics are mentioned: a) EUS in choledocholithiasis and colecystitis, b) EUS and pancreatic fluid collections drainage and c) EUS liver guided biopsies.


The Baltic Sea is severely affected by eutrophication. One source to this problem is the ship's discharges of sewage containing nutrients, which contributes to algal bloom and eventually a dead seabed. The nutritional supply coming from the marine sewage spill is a relatively small part of the eutrophication problem but can have a significant local influence. It is still legal to discharge sewage in the Baltic Sea today, but during the year 2019/2021, the emissions will be regulated for passenger ships. The upcoming legal requirement will leave the ships with two options which involve either investing in their own treatment onboard or leave all sewage in port. Counted from a number of international cruise ships visiting the Baltic Sea during the summer season, approximately 30 % are leaving their sewage in port (HELCOM, 2014).
The purpose of this report is to examine the eventual challenges with sewage treatment within the cruise industry for the upcoming regulations in the Baltic Sea. Both current limitation factors and possible improvements are being investigated. The method chosen to answer the questions was carried out by sending online questionnaires to ports and shipping companies, qualitative interviews with five different representatives from the industry and lastly an analysis of collected information.
The result of the study has proven that many different limitation factors within the sewage treatment are existing today. A big gap prevails between the port's capacity and the setting of costs against what the cruise ships consider to be adequate. The upcoming regulations are not only expected to set requirements on ships and their onboard systems, but also the port and its reception capacity. Ports with a larger amount of cruise calls are more likely to possess fixed facilities and an indirectly cost model. Therefore, more cruise ships tend to leave their sewage in these ports. All respondents agree on the fact that the communication between ships and ports should be improved.


In this paper, the use of a centralized server to assist cognitive radio users in accessing bands in licensed spectrums is proposed. Typical cognitive radios are opportunistic users of spectrum bands. Therefore, they must scan the spectrum to detect existing users in order to avoid interference. The use of a centralized server can remove the need for spectrum scanning if all users inform the server about their presence. The server will coordinate and distribute channels to cognitive radio users using auctioning mechanisms. Our approach removes the need for cognitive radio users to spectrum scan. Scanning can be costly in terms of time and power consumption. In addition, collisions between users due to hidden node problem can be removed. The use of a centralized server allows for higher layer solution that would allow users of different wireless technologies to communicate. Due to its flexibility of use across different wireless networks, SIP is adopted as the communication protocol between the central server and the primary and secondary users of the licensed spectrum. Using a SIP server to coordinate channel allocation through auctioning approach can generate revenue for the incumbent network. Results show that revenue can be generated while still meeting the goal of efficient spectrum utilization.


The effects of different application ratios of P and K fertilizer on the physiological property,economic characters,chemical composition,aroma content and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco variety Jiyan No.9 were studied under the condition of applying the equal N fertilizer(75 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen).The results showed that with the increase of the ratio of P and K fertilizer,the leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,SOD and CAT activity,economic characters,and aroma content all increased first and then decreased,while the content of MDA appeared the opposite trend.The optimum ratio of N,P and K was 1∶1.5∶3,and it had the best effect on the improvement of the physiological property,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.


In the article the concept of the historiography of psychology's history is revealed. The author analyses the experience of studying of historiography problems in the world and Russian historical and psychological thought, its current state and development prospects.


We apply input allocation to a redundantly actuated platform driven by tilting aerodynamic propulsion units: the ROtor graSPing Omnidirectional (ROSPO). This platform represents a novel testbed for redundancy allocation designs in propeller-driven platforms. The control solution is based on a hierarchical architecture, made of a high-level controller for trajectory tracking, and a nonlinear input allocation algorithm. The algorithm exploits the input redundancy to take into account soft constraints associated with physical saturation limits of the actuators, and also induce reduced energy consumption. The actuator dynamics is fully taken into account in the framework and a rigorous proof of asymptotic tracking of time-varying references is guaranteed despite the impossibility of an instantaneous force execution. The experiments on the ROSPO platform clearly show the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach, as well as its scalability with different degrees of overactuation levels.


Research, along with narrative, is presented as an educational principle which can transform the reality in environmental teacher education. The research exercise described in this paper was developed by a discussion group - GDP - about research in environmental teacher education at the IV EPEA, a seminar on research in Environmental Education. We believe that narrative may transform environmental educators in their learning process.


The article investigates the risks of transforming labour relations in Ukraine under the influence of digitalization processes. The relationship of the digital economy with the processes taking place in the social and labour sphere is substantiated, its impact on the state of the labor market is assessed. Positive effects of automation application are affected, and the negative consequences of digitalization in the HR sphere. The risks of rotors and employees are addressed by the issues of the impact of digital technologies and automation on social and labour relations. It is argued that in the context of increasing remote, remote work, the work rings to comply with the principle of permanence. Works become inherent in the principles of episodicity, individualism. It is determined that the result of episodic labour relations may be the risk of non-payment of taxes on the income of workers, non-receipt of funds to the budget, loss of a significant part of taxes received from the incomes of the population, and therefore - a decrease in the base of financing social functions of the state.


: 18 Background : Countries with strict lockdown had a spike on the number of deaths. A recent 19 mathematical model has suggested that staying at home did not play a dominant role in reducing 20 COVID-19 transmission. Comparison between number of deaths and social mobility is difficult 21 due to the non-stationary nature of the COVID-19 data. 22 Objective : To propose a novel approach to assess the association between staying at home 23 values and the reduction/increase in the number of deaths due to COVID-19 in several regions 24 around the world. 25 Methods : In this ecological study, data from www.google.com/covid19/mobility/, 26 ourworldindata.org and covid.saude.gov.br were combined. Countries with >100 deaths and with 27 a Healthcare Access and Quality Index of ≥ 67 were included. Data were preprocessed and 28 analyzed using the difference between number of deaths/million between 2 regions and the 29 difference between the percentage of staying at home. Analysis was performed using linear 30 regression and residual analysis Results : After preprocessing the data, 87 regions around the world were included, yielding 3,741 32 pairwise comparisons for linear regression analysis. Only 63 (1.6%) comparisons were 33 significant. Discussion : With our results, we were not able to explain if COVID-19 mortality is reduced by 35 staying as home in ~98% of the comparisons after epidemiological weeks 9 to 34.


The organic sector has been subject to great attention for long time, both from a regulatory point of view as well as from a research one. More recently, starting to think about the territorial connotation of organic farming and the benefits it can generate, the opportunity of organic districts emerged. The main objective of this paper is to discuss what should be the goals of an organic district, how to geographically characterize it and what are the conditions so that it can effectively contribute to promote organic farming, local development and the territory. In order to create a real added value, in the broadest sense of the term, it should be created a brand that is able to translate the identity of the area in an image, which is clearly perceived by the target audience. This result requires a governance model and a strategic approach, which is well exemplified by the Marche region case, where a process of identification of potential districts and activation of local partnerships for the establishment and management of the areas has been carried out


Background: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of closed suction drains in inguinal hernia surgery inserted up to the base of the scrotum as compared to those in which the drain is limited to the inguinal region. Methods: Data of all lichtenstein hernioplasty from January 2012 to December 2014 in M. S. Ramaiah Medical Hospital were collected retrospectively. A total of 992 patients underwent hernia repair and only 133 patients were subjected to closed suction drain. In 133 patients data were collected regarding the type of presentation, age, gender, presence of coexisting diseases, type of hernia, type of anesthesia, postoperative general complications, data was collected regarding the presentation of the hernia, type of sac encountered, amount of dissection, location of the inserted drain, complications, and length of hospital stay. These patients were followed up for 6 months. Local wound complications, duration of operation, and length of hospitalization, recurrence and mortality were compared between the groups of patients with drains versus without drains. Results: Average amount of drain fluid was higher (58.5 ml) in the group where the drain was inserted to the bottom of the scrotum as compared to (22.4 ml) the group with the drain limited to the inguinal region. Furthermore, there was significant difference in the incidence of scrotal edema in the two groups (6 vs. 23). Hence, by positioning the drain to reach the bottom of the scrotum; it will lead to a better drainage of the collection and in turn lead to fewer associated complications such as scrotal hematomas, infections, and scrotal edema. Conclusion: In our study, placement of drain extending into the bottom of scrotum significantly reduced scrotal edemas a result alleviates immediate post-operative patient anxiety and morbidity in the reduction of scrotal size to normal. However, it requires a larger series to confirm our early observations.


The purpose of this study is to examine the environment friendliness through the analysis on passive environmental control methods of Korean traditional architecture especially the residences of Joseon Dynasty. As the industrialization progressed, the importance of study in environment issues has increased. This study redefines environmentally friendly architecture and the definition results from the study of the environmental control methods of the traditional architecture formed over the long periods of time. The research focused on the Joseon Dynasty since the existing architecture was mostly formed after the mid Joseon Dynasty. The preliminary method of study was literature analyses of the environmental friendliness and environmental control methods of the korean traditional architecture. The study explores the supplementary passive environmental methods to control the environment. In addition, the supplemental analysis is set up with a basic model of traditional architecture and analyzed the light and heat environment side of passive environmental control methods through simulation and proved the environment friendliness of passive environmental control method of traditional architecture through scientific verification. When using the supplemented eave, the inflow of direct sunlight decreased from 14.15% to 10.05%, so that it was possible to maintain a comfortable environment in thermal environment and it showed a uniform illuminance distribution of approximately 150lux in the indoor illumination analysis and proved to create a pleasant light environment. This study could be the practical reference data for environmentally friendly architecture with using passive environmental control methods which may be built in the future.


Sacrificial activities in the thought of Confucius are a a kind of humanized education.The divinity sacrificed by people is not an outward one but a real divinity in people's mind.The process of sacrifice is actually to pursue human's sublime in nature,and sacrifice is only a style for this pursuit.Modern people lack this kind of sacrifice in our mind,and this is where the value of of Confucius' thought about sacrifice exists.


Abstract : This is a report of an occupational survey of the Airborne Communications Systems Operator (AFSC 1A3X1) and Airborne Command and Control Communications Equipment (AFSC 1A5X2) career ladders conducted by the Occupational Analysis Flight, Air Force Occupational Measurement Squadron (AFOMS). These career ladders are currently undergoing a merger. This survey will ensure current data for use in updating career ladder documents and training programs associated with the pending merger.


Halo-1,3-butadiene derivatives are a series of important building blocks in organic synthesis, especially in the construction,of cyclic compounds. Synthetic methods of halo 1,3-butadiene derivatives have attracted more and more attention for the potential applications in functional materials and organic synthesis. The development of synthetic methodologies of halo 1,3-butadienes is briefly reviewed.


This paper describes the characteristics of a coal-fired coupled to biomass power generation technology on a 300 MW unit boiler, the characteristics of the coal-fired coupled to biomass fuel, and the problems and solutions that may occur in the process of coal-fired coupled biomass power generation, as well as the boiler technology transformation plan on the coal-fired coupled to biomass power generation. In terms of study on the characteristics of coal-burning coupled to biomass fuel, the main characteristics of the coal-burning coupled to biomass fuel, such as the combustion characteristics, the ignition characteristics, the burnout characteristics, the slagging characteristics, and the explosion characteristics of the coal-burning coupled to biomass fuel are described. The paper mainly describes the explosion prone problem of the pulverizing system, the pulverized coal hardening problem of the raw coal bunker and the boiler corrosion, and coking problem of the heating surface of the boiler. The explosion-proof transformation of the pulverizing system is described, and the technology transformation of the pulverizing system is carried out. After adopting the technical transformation scheme of sludge, the problems caused by sludge blending and burning are solved, and the power generation by sludge blending and burning is realized.


Thank you very much for reading infections in the abnormal host. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this infections in the abnormal host, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their laptop. infections in the abnormal host is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the infections in the abnormal host is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Two kinds of unusual behavior in the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity has been observed. One is the anomaly that the resistance begins to increase remarkably with the rise in the temperature around 64°C; the other is a bending-phenomenon in the linear temperature-dependence of the resistance about 54°C. The observed activation energies for conduction are 3.0–3.3 eV below and 4.5–4.8 eV above the anomaly, the energies of which are almost compatible with the intrinsic band-gap energies for conduction, 3.5 and 4.6 eV, estimated, respectively, from the optical absorption and from the values of the ionization potential and the electron affinity. As for below the bending-phenomenon, the observed activation energy is 1.4–1.6 eV, which is quite small compared with the intrinsic band-gap energies estimated. The anomaly beginning around 64°C is interpreted as due to the crystal-phase transition of a higher-order at 60–70°C; the remarkable increase in resistance may be connected with the changes in ...


Each year, we look to recognise the best and brightest young talent of the ICAS membership. Young CAs who excel in their field, who have pursued new and innovative career paths or who have dedicated their time and passion to a worthy cause have a chance to raise their profile and showcase their work to fellow CAs and beyond.


To evaluate the hypothesis that inhalation of low levels of nitrous oxide-oxygen produces an altered state of consciousness similar to hypnosis, 20 subjects were given three suggestions (analgesia, compulsive behavior, and amnesia) during double-blind administration of either nitrous oxide-oxygen or oxygen. Results suggest that administration of nitrous oxide-oxygen may be of increased clinical usefulness if it is combined with careful use of suggestion.


Analysis of the nature and variations of investigative characteristics can shed new light on the improvement of evaluation theory and practice.


Pomegranate fruit is edible and has been used on leukemia cell lines and protecting DNA damage known antioxidant efficacy the aim of the current work is to explore the potential benefit of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract as antioxidant and cytotoxic to leukemia cell line. Methanol was used to extract pomegranate fruit so that to test its antioxidant and cytotoxicity on two cell lines (Hepatic cell line WRL68 and Leukemia cell line HL60). This assay was classified as determining antioxidant effect using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl) 2,5diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay on two cell lines (Hepatic cell line WRL68 and Leukemia cell line HL60) for different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg mL-1). These examine the efficacy of the phenol extract on HL60 cell apoptosis, morphology, viability of cells, total nuclear intensity, cell membrane potential, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome C release were evaluated by High Content Screening (HCS) assay. The current results revealed that the methanol extract of pomegranate fruit had the strongest antioxidant activity, which increased when concentrations were raised (28.27 and 61.57%). The results demonstrated that phenol can inhibit HL60 cell line from growing, with increased concentrations. The inhibition become stronger at 400 µg mL-1 of phenol extract.


Robotic systems are essentially dynamical systems. In the cases of slow motion and mechanical configuration with weakly coupled subsystems, it is not necessary to solve the control task dynamically[1]. However, in the cases of faster motion and mechanical configuration with strongly coupled sub-systems, the dynamic effects such as inertia, coriolis, centrifugal and gravity moments are not negligible. In the other hand the performance of a manipulator is related to both its speed in executing tasks, as well as its precision and reliability, hence driving robotic manipulators as fast as possible is highly desirable. In this paper the problem of the adaptive optimal time control of a six degrees of freedom manipulator is considered, it is shown that the opimal time control is essentially of the bang-bang type in the acceleration work zone. In the uniform work zone the optimal control is given for the singular arcs by considering an extention of the Kelly optimal singular arcs control [5]. This type of control, however is too sensitive to frequent switchs of the actuators between their limits leading to deviations exeeding the tolerance desired in the final speed and position precisions. In the other hand this scheme of control is not adaptable to the environment (sensor and workspace) evolution, a fact which is important to the robot versatility and reliability.


The influences of plasma weld conditions together with heat treatments on the corrosion behavior of titanium in sulfuric acid were analyzed. Several tests were conducted by means of electrochemical polarization and immersion experiments to determine the corrosion rate of titanium materials. The rate of corrosion was then evaluated in terms of the values of corrosion potential, passivation current density and weight loss of the materials, respectively. Six types of specimen were used in the test. As shown in the results, the most effective weld conditions including processing time and value of current with heat treatment could be determined in sulfuric acid environment.


Businesses in the United States are being ravaged internally for a total of up to $400 billion yearly by white-collar crime (Martin, 1998).   Fraud, the culprit, is defined as, "deceit; trickery; cheating" (Webster's New World dictionary, 1978).  This phenomenon knows no bounds, has no feelings, respects no one; and its perpetrators are described as the "greatest threat to businesses of all sizes" by Mark Simmons, a New York-based auditor with 20 years' experience of fighting fraud (Applegate, 1998).  This exploratory study is aimed at gaining a greater understanding of the psychological consistency of these perpetrators, who remain a constant threat to business education.


As the main Chinese traditional ethics, Confucian ethics is that we can learn from today and take advantage of valuable resources. With the rapid development of modern society, especially the establishment of China's socialist market economic system, diversification of the market economy led to a diversification component orientation and moral values, moral concepts of university students has also been an unprecedented impact on college students ideological and political education has also suffered unprecedented challenges. On the basis of Confucian ethics dig a rich educational resources, combined with the ideological and political problems in the field of contemporary college students, based on the principle of inheritance critically discusses the Confucian ethics of contemporary ideological and political education of college students in the modern value.


In our daily life verify our identities or to decide who somebody is extremely essential. Reliable identification makes life go more smoothly. Automated authentication makes the human recognition achievable. Brain wave signals based biometry is a rising research focus and that it may open novel research directions and applications in the future. The strengths and challenges of electroencephalography (EEG) based biometric system and the mixing of the offered iris modality are described in this paper and the possibilities of deploying powerful multi-modality for real-time biometric systems is proposed.


A controlled thermonuclear fusion reaction of the Sun appears to be a remarkable evidence of the existence of a planet in the outer space. A microwave background of radiation of a planet in the outer space subjected to white dwarf plasma becomes relevant to the case of a temperature at 0⁰c. Since singularity collapse concerning a Hot Big Bang, the edge of space- time fails. Irregular change of galaxies deals with a vacuum to exhibit spiral radio galaxies permeated by magnetic pressure. The expansion of universe can be extended rigorously to raise its temperature with the growing of a magnetic field as the singularity collapses at the point at infinity and the universe will become fall into ice as the temperature becomes true. Indeed, the configuration of the Sun leads to supernova explosion concerning the abundance of helium to become a neutron star.


Introduced the inside structure,working principle and application in two-phase hybrid step motor subdivision driver of the pulse width modulation control circuit TL494.


Julia Arnsten, M.D., M.P.H., chief of the Division of General Internal Medicine in the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City, practices at Montefiore in the Bronx. She told a gathering of the New York Society of Addiction Medicine (NYSAM) members Feb. 7 how cannabis (marijuana) treatment should work.


This study analyzed fire-resistant stability of high performance concrete according to the change of hybrid organic fiber. Firstly, from the flowing characteristics of the fresh concrete, all mixing conditions satisfied target range, the fluidity due to the increase of fiber was lowered to 20%, air content generally had no variation as the hybrid organic fiber contents is increased. From the characteristic of hardened concrete, the compressive strength showed the different tendencies, respectively according to fiber contents, in case of mixing with PP 0.025%, it was appeared to be increased by about 6.5% than plain. From the fire-resistant characteristic, it was over 0.1% in case of using PP alone and over 0.075% in case of using NY alone. But, in case of PP+NY, if it was over 0.05(0.025+0.025)%, spalling was appeared to be prevented, the smallest mass loss rate was appeared and the residual compressive strength rate also was appeared to be most excellent. Synthetically, considering the characteristic of the fresh concrete the mechanical characteristic and further the economical efficiency, the case of PP 0.025%+NY0.025% mixing is judged as the most efficient spalling prevention engineering method of high performance concrete.


The subject of the Descent from the Cross appeared in Rubens' work from the start in a mature, accomplished form.1 His first picture devoted to this subject forms the central part of the large triptych of Antwerp cathedral, one of the artist's most famous masterpieces (Fig. 1). The triptych was ordered on September 7, 1611, by the Confraternity of the Arquebusiers. Its central part was delivered to the cathedral before the middle of September of the following year. It was only in February and March of 1614 that the wings were also transported from the studio of Rubens to the church.2


Thank you very much for reading untold histories of the middle east recovering voices from the 19th and 20th centuries. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this untold histories of the middle east recovering voices from the 19th and 20th centuries, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Considering the moisture-proof factors affecting structural durability,there are four main moisture sources for light timber building,including rain water,condensed water,moisture content of material and foundation moisture.Concrete moisture-proof and waterproof technical engineering measures are adopted for structural systems,such as foundation,wall and roof of light timber structure,to provide excellent design methods for moisture-proof of timber building.These technical measures have significant meanings for improving the waterproof and moisture-proof performance of timber building and ensuring structural durability.


Abstract This study used the bibliometric method to examine the field of second language acquisition (SLA) between 1997 and 2018 to provide a systematic overview of the field and to discover major trends in SLA. Based on citation/cocitation information and keywords retrieved from Web of Science, this study performed three types of bibliometric analyses to identify the prominent scholarly documents, authors, research institutions, geographic regions, and research topics that have been highly influential in the field of SLA over the last two decades. The scientific network maps and the keyword analysis revealed a number of significant changes as well as new trends in the field.


By dividing at random 14 normal persons into 7 pairs of
two individuals each, lymphocytes were isolated from their peripheral blood and taking one of the pairs as stimulating cells or antigens and the others as responding cells, mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) was carried out. As for the method of MLC we used our MLC method of unidirectional mixed culture with a small amount of lymphocytes in additition of 1% (v /v) PHA.M and cultured for three days, and a widely used conventional method in which 3H.thymidine uptake was the parameter of the blastformation rate and cultured for seven days. In comparing the results of these two groups of MLC the data in six experiments out of the seven coincided. Namely, with 5x 104 cells each of stimulating cell group and responding cell group, it is possible to achieve satisfactory MLC, the culture can be done only for three
days without requiring any special technique and the results can be readily evaluated. Therefore, MLC by our simple method would yield satisfactory results in clinics.


The wave-recording fault indicators widely used in distribution network provide a large amount of raw data which is used to judge the operation state of the distribution network. It is significant to improve the handling level of grounding fault. Firstly, This paper analyzes the invalid data of the existing transient wave-recording fault indicator. A preprocessing method of recording data, based on the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of recording start, was proposed. Then the tripping adaptability index is proposed which includes the probability of fault expansion, the loss of outage and the risk of personal injury. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to evaluate the tripping adaptability of the current fault. Finally, based on the importance of load, an adaptive trip protection strategy for single-phase grounding fault in non-solidly grounding network is proposed.


Let T � n denote the set of trees of order n, in which the degree of each vertex is bounded by some integer �. Suppose that every tree in T � n is equally likely. We show that the number of vertices of degree j in T �