This paper sets forth a framework for thinking about growth volatility which is general enough to incorporate the important structural, institutional, and policy variations among countries which might account for differences in their macroeconomic performance. The paper focuses particularly on the role of the financial sector. The paper discusses the importance of short run dynamic effects in determining long run outcomes, and the role of the financial sector, elements which to date, have not been sufficiently incorporated in traditional macroeconomic analysis. The authors investigate the data, which reveal aspects of the determinants of volatility, namely the importance of the financial sector.


A new planar leaky-wave antenna (LWA) design that utilizes surface waves (SWs) for leaky wave excitation is presented. Specifically, a directive surface-wave launcher source is employed as the antenna feed generating cylindrical SW field distributions on a grounded dielectric slab. By the addition of a radial configuration of width-modulated printed strips along the azimuth, SW power can be gradually transformed into radiative power. Measured gain values are greater than 10 dBi with the first beam maximum observed at 18.7 GHz in the backward direction 38° from broadside. Frequency beam scanning is also realized over a 4.5 GHz radiating bandwidth from 17.7 to 22.2 GHz. Simulations and measurements are in agreement and results suggest that this LWA structure can offer continuous one-sided beam scanning through broadside from backfire to forward-fire. In addition, the presented radial configuration of width-modulated striplines may also be useful for new guidance structures, printed circuits, and other novel LWA designs operating at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies.


Case Studies of the Literacy Interactions of Preschool Deaf Children with Their Parents in the Home by Laura West Wise In the field of deaf education, a long-standing and still unanswered question is why are the reading levels and academic achievement levels of deaf and hard of hearing children inferior to their hearing peers. Teachers and parents continue to look for reasons to explain the gap and strategies they can use to narrow this gap between the reading achievement of children who are deaf and children who hear. For all children, literacy learning begins at birth. During the early years, children listen to and learn from the language their parents speak to them. The children are affected by the family interactions and experiences of daily life both inside and outside the family. Examination of literacy interactions of deaf children and their parents may provide answers to help us understand the literacy achievement gap deaf children experience. For this research dissertation, my focus was on: (a) How does the communication method of the deaf child affect language learning?; (b) How can the parent-child literacy interactions of deaf children be described?, and (c) How can preschool-age deaf children's emergent literacy behaviors be described? This naturalistic study looked at the early literacy interactions of preschool deaf children of hearing parents. From an initial group of ten families, three families from an early intervention program were selected. The researcher identified the literacy histories of the deaf children, described the parent-child literacy interactions, and explored emergent literacy behaviors occurring in the home. Data sources included parent questionnaires, parent interviews, literacy logs, and observations of parent-child literacy interactions, including storybook reading. Findings reveal that overall family support, the definitive personality of the parents, and the early diagnosis and amplification of the deaf child defined the difference between the deaf child that excelled as an emergent reader and those who did not. Family support assisted in making each child a successful emergent reader. Parents who made an early decision and commitment to a communication mode, whether manual or oral, allowed their child to progress in areas beyond simple vocabulary. Lastly, the early diagnosis of deafness and early amplification aided the deaf child in emergent literacy achievements. CASE STUDIES OF THE LITERACY INTERACTIONS OF PRESCHOOL DEAF CHILDREN WITH THEIR PARENTS IN THE HOME by Laura West Wise


France has called for a Europe-wide change in how later generation oral contraceptives are prescribed, because of the risk of side effects, but the European Medicines Agency has said that so far there is no new evidence to justify additional regulations.

At a press conference on Friday France's health minister, Marisol Touraine, said that she would ask the agency to "modify" its market authorisation for third and fourth generation contraceptive pills. She also called for clearer warnings to be provided about the risks of venous embolism associated with the newer pills.

"The objective is that these pills are no longer …


Recommendations:
1-Strict monitoring of the quality of the housing being provided by the native government's Hajj missions and the tour operators.
2-Adequacy of the public and the private transport to and from the housing and to and from the Masha'er needs to be ensured.
3-Some monitoring mechanism of the high taxi charges needs to be devised.
4-Crowdedness on the train platform and the areas outside the train station needs to be managed, and if possible the number of train stations need to be increased.
5-Among the amenities in Masha'er, attention needs to be given to the provision of more toilets and eateries, and to the overcrowded tents.
6-For communication with the pilgrims and for the diffusion of relevant and practical information to the pilgrims and for persuasion and positive attitudes, greater reliance is needed on such community organization resources like the reception and information counters, tour operators, and the Hajj mission officials, the dars organizers in the neighborhood mosques. Community organizations and interpersonal resources hold greater promise and can be more efficiently deployed for message communication and for improving the overall satisfaction of the pilgrims.
7-The mediated channels are either having no effect (like the Saudi mainstream media) on the satisfaction levels of the Pakistani pilgrims or producing dissatisfaction (like the Urdu language newspapers and the digital screens). Hence the quality of information and the text display on the digital billboards needs to be improved.
8-Also, the content of the Urdu language newspapers need to be examined and harnessed in a manner that the pilgrims' level of satisfaction with the quality of services being offered by various agencies is increased.


This study investigated the linkage between the effects of yield slope and the performance of stocks for the period, 2006-2012. The paper found a significant link between the two variables. The sharp increase of yield slope positively affected stock market performance of small, mid and big cap stocks examined. When 12 month lagging effects were considered, the linkage was statistically significant at 2% level of 2-tailed test for all sample groups of stocks.


624 Background: P27kip1 is a nuclear protein that controls the cell cycle by inhibiting cyclin dependent kinases. In breast cancer cell lines, both estrogen and her-2/neu degrade p27 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. T1N0M0 breast cancers with high p27 expression have excellent long-term survival (Loda et al, Cancer Research 1998), now we examine the association of low p27 and other prognostic factors in these patients.

METHODS
122 T1N0M0 infiltrating ductal carcinoma were examined using immunohistochemistry. Specific monoclonal antibodies were used against estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her-2/neu, p53 and p27. Percentage of cells stained were considered negative (or low for p27) if: ER <10%, PR <10%, p53<40%, her-2/neu DAKO score ≤ 1+, p27 (nuclear stain) <50%.

RESULTS
In T1a/bN0M0 tumors, 4/5 (80%) of low p27 tumors were also hormone receptor negative, while only 5/63 (8%) of the high p27 tumors were hormone receptor negative (P< 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Although T1cN0M0 tumors showed a similar trend [4/12 (33%) of low p27 vs. 7/42 (17%) of high p27 tumors were hormone receptor negative], the difference was not statistically significant. No correlation was seen between low p27, her-2/neu, or p53 mutation.

CONCLUSION
There is an association of low p27 and loss of hormone receptors in T1a/bN0M0 breast cancers, which may identify a subset of patients with a worse prognosis. Exploring the causes of p27 dysregulation (e.g., ubiquitin ligase overexpression) may shed further light on the significance of these associations. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.


AIM: To explore the risk factors of prolonged mechanical ventilation( MV) following coronary artery bypass grafting in intensive care unit( ICU). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case/control study for independent risk factors using multivariable logistic regression analysis in 68 patients treated with or without prolonged MV in ICU following coronary artery bypass grafting( CABG).RESULTS: Of the 68 patients,15 patients were treated with prolonged MV following CABG and 53cases without prolonged MV; the morbidity rate was 22. 05%. Univariate analysis showed that risk factors of prolonged MV following CABG were postoperative low cardiac output syndrome,postoperative circulation failure,postoperative renal failure,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD),diabetes and prolonged postoperative stay in ICU. Compared with those in control patients,the independent risk factors of prolonged MV following CABG were postoperative low cardiac output syndrome( OR 33. 854,95%CI: 1. 61- 711. 35),postoperative renal failure( OR 6. 98,95% CI: 1. 00-48. 56),and COPD( OR12. 35,95% CI: 1. 09- 139. 35)( P 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The independent risk factors of prolonged MV following CABG are postoperative low cardiac output syndrome,postoperative renal failure and COPD.


In this paper, we present EatingTrak, an AI-powered sensing system using a wrist-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) to recognize eating moments in a near-free-living semi-wild setup. It significantly improves the SOTA in time resolution using similar hardware on identifying eating moments, from over five minutes to three seconds. Different from prior work which directly learns from raw IMU data, it proposes intelligent algorithms which can estimate the arm posture in 3D in the wild and then learns the detailed eating moments from the series of estimated arm postures. To evaluate the system, we collected eating activity data from 9 participants in semi-wild scenarios for over 113 hours. Results showed that it was able to recognize eating moments at three time-resolutions: 3 seconds and 15 minutes with F-1 scores of 73.7% and 83.8%, respectively. EatingTrak would introduce new opportunities in sensing detailed eating behavior information requiring high time resolution, such as eating frequency, snack-taking, on-site behavior intervention. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges in deploying EatingTrak on commodity devices at scale. Fine-grained Eating Wild Using a Wrist-mounted moment detection metric as used in the semi-wild experiment. Results show that F-1 score was 96.8% and 96.0% and consistent across different participants (SD=1.77% and 2.53%) using UD and UI setups, respectively. We then calculate the classification accuracy of 7 food types and 4 utensil types, defined as the percent of intakes correctly classified among those successfully detected. Results show that EatingTrak obtained 67.1% and 86.5% in classifying 7 food and 4 utensil types in the UD setting. In UI setting, the classification accuracy was 56.8% and 78.9%.


Integrating theoretical knowledge within teacher education has often been portrayed as difficult, with previous studies reporting student teachers' ambivalence, or even scepticism, about the value of research findings and theory to classroom practice. Moreover, the nature of teachers' professional knowledge is itself uncertain and highly complex. This paper reports on the developing conceptions held by a group of postgraduate student teachers about the relationship of theory to classroom practice in learning to teach. The data are drawn from a small-scale longitudinal case study. They capture participants' preconceptions about theory before beginning training and subsequent developments through the course and into the first teaching post. The research finds these students to be far from naïve at the outset, entering training open to a range of forms of learning, with a positive view of the potential contribution of theory to practice. Alongside a growing appreciation of the complex, situated and contested nature of theory, the data suggest that theory comes to be increasingly valued over time. As newly qualified teachers, the participants not only see theory as integral to their practice, but recognise the important, largely unanticipated, role of the university in this process. As a result of these insights, potential considerations for course design are offered, at a time when teacher education in many countries is becoming more school-based and new forms of partnership are being developed.


The solution of the problems of increasing energy efficiency at the enterprises of the energy industry is largely due to the competent organization of modern methods of water treatment, which are one of the main units in the technological chain in the production of thermal and electrical energy. Improvement of water treatment technology can be considered as one of the directions of implementation of energy-saving measures at energy facilities. An important task is the introduction of energy-efficient methods of water treatment at thermal stations, including the method of desalination of water. There are the methods of water treatment using instant boiling evaporators, which make it possible to obtain desalinated water for steam boilers in this paper. The efficiency of the proposed water treatment system at a thermal station is shown.


Organic light-emitting diodes were prepared by coevaporating 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazolylbiphenyl (CBP) host material, tris(2-phenylpyridinate) iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] dopant material, and their vinyl derivatives for the emissive layer. It was found that the emission spectrum changes with time during device operation when both the host and the dopant molecules have vinyl groups. This spectral change corresponded to the transition of emission from vinyl-modified Ir(ppy)3 to nonmodified Ir(ppy)3. The spectral transition was more prominent when an acrylate derivative was used in place of a vinyl derivative of CBP. A similar change in luminescence spectrum was observed when the film was polymerized by thermal annealing or electron-assisted deposition. It is speculated that the spectral transition is caused by the copolymerization of host and dopant molecules during device operation. Such a current-induced polymerization can be a novel and convenient method of preparing polymeric thin films by the physical vapor deposition of functional monomers.


Drawing on the work of the theologian Karl Rahner, this article considers what it means to be human in relation to people with profound disabilities. Also discusses issues raised in Reinders, Hans (2008): Receiving the Gift of Friendship: profound disability, theological anthropology, and ethics. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B Eerdmans


Introduction: Assessment of cardiac mechanics in relation to left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) structural (shape and volume) changes represent a foundation for assessing cardiac remodeling in heart failure (HF) patients. We tested the feasibility of assessing simultaneous LA and LV volumes and deformation within an index cardiac cycle as a marker of total left heart structural and functional remodeling in HF. Methods: Echocardiography was performed in total 101 patients, which included 77 patients with HF (50 had normal EF (HFNEF) and 27 had reduced EF (HFREF)) and 24 young subjects with no structural heart disease (controls) (table 1). Two-dimensional speckle tracking was performed in apical 2- and 4- chamber views for simultaneous measurement of LV and LA volumes and deformation. Peak longitudinal average atrio-ventricular strain (AVS) and early diastolic strain rate (AVSR-E), in addition to the total left heart volume (TLV) during LV systole and diastole (TLVsystole, TLVdiastole), were measured. Occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was defined during follow up. Results: In comparison with younger controls, patient with HF showed higher TLV and nearly 50% reduction in AVS and AVSR-E (table 1). These differences persisted even after adjusting for age. During a median follow up of 7 months, MACE occurred in 15 patients (5 hospitalization for heart failure, 1 cerebrovascular stroke, and 9 cardiac deaths). AVS and AVSR-E were predictors for MACE after adjusting for age (HR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.99, p=0.038; HR= 0.14, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.89, p=0.037; respectively). AVS and AVSR-E had similar diagnostic values in predicting MACE (AUC= 0.77 and 0.79; p=0.001 and 14.5%, and AVSR-E>0.92 s-1 (Figure 1). Conclusion: Single beat combined assessments of LA-LV strain and strain rates may be useful integrated markers of total left heart function.


This paper presents a set of algorithmic approaches to the calibration of a tower top
deployment of an adaptive antenna array. The adaptive antenna system deploys base
station electronics to the tower top. The motivation behind relocating the base station
electronics is to provide a versatile system that provides savings on space and reduced
capital cost due to reduced feeder cables.


The configurations of biliverdin-IXγ and -IXδ dimethyl esters 1 and 2 in solutions, have been studied using Nuclear-Overhauser-Effect (NOE) experiments. Irradiation (500-700 nm) of biliverdin IXδ gave syn-Z anti-E isomerization of the central methine bridge and in aerated polar solutions, four new cyclized pigments were isolated for which structures 3, 4, 5 and 6 are proposed. Neobiliverdin IXδ 3 is also formed in degassed solution (Φ=4.10−5) but pigments 4, 5 and 6 arise from photo-oxidation with O2. Biliverdin IXδ appears to be a good model for the study of photo-reactions occurring on the vinyl groups of the natural biliverdin IXγ (pterobilin).


In recent years with the rapid development of wireless communication technologies, positioning the person inside a building and providing various indoor location-based services have gradually penetrated in our daily life. Radio frequency (RF) based positioning techniques such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Bluetooth and Wi-Fi plays a major role in indoors as GPS is unreliable in interior spaces because of the attenuation faced by the satellite signals. But RF based solutions require additional devices to position the user which in-turn increases the infrastructure cost. Among the optical Wireless Communication (OWC) technologies, Visible Light Communication (VLC) can be an alternative to RF based positioning with little modification in existing lighting infrastructure. VLC combines illumination and communication thereby saving energy and cost. Unlike RF based positioning systems, VLC based positioning requires Line of Sight (LoS) to establish communication between transmitter and receiver which may create user discomfort. A novel user comfort enabled solution using Non-line of Sight approach has been developed to position the user in an indoor environment using VLC. This paper explains the challenges existing in LoS based positioning approach, our proposed system and presents the results of experimental analysis.


We present the cross section for production of a Z boson in association with four jets at the Large Hadron Collider, at next-to-leading order in the QCD coupling. When the Z decays to neutrinos, this process is a key irreducible background to many searches for new physics. Its computation has been made feasible through the development of the on-shell approach to perturbative quantum field theory. We present the total cross section for pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV, after folding in the decay of the Z boson, or virtual photon, to a charged-lepton pair. We also provide distributions of the transverse momenta of the four jets, and we compare cross sections and distributions to the corresponding ones for the production of a W boson with accompanying jets.


The bacterial flagellum is a complex molecular system with multiple components required for functional motility. Such systems are sometimes proposed as puzzles for evolutionary theory on the assumption that selection would have no function to act on until all components are in place. Previous work (Thornhill and Ussery, 2000, A classification of possible routes of Darwinian evolution. J Theor Biol. 203 (2), 111-116) has outlined the general pathways by which Darwinian mechanisms can produce multi-component systems. However, published attempts to explain flagellar origins suffer from vagueness and are inconsistent with recent discoveries and the constraints imposed by Brownian motion. A new model is proposed based on two major arguments. First, analysis of dispersal at low Reynolds numbers indicates that even very crude motility can be beneficial for large bacteria. Second, homologies between flagellar and nonflagellar proteins suggest ancestral systems with functions other than motility. The model consists of six major stages: export apparatus, secretion system, adhesion system, pilus, undirected motility, and taxis-enabled motility. The selectability of each stage is documented using analogies with present-day systems. Conclusions include: (1) There is a strong possibility, previously unrecognized, of further homologies between the type III export apparatus and F1F0-ATP synthetase. (2) Much of the flagellum's complexity evolved after crude motility was in place, via internal gene duplications and subfunctionalization. (3) Only one major system-level change of function, and four minor shifts of function, need be invoked to explain the origin of the flagellum; this involves five subsystem-level cooption events. (4) The transition between each stage is bridgeable by the evolution of a single new binding site, coupling two pre-existing subsystems, followed by coevolutionary optimization of components. Therefore, like the eye contemplated by Darwin, careful analysis shows that there are no major obstacles to gradual evolution of the flagellum.


Electric distribution systems are currently undergoing a transition from passive entities to smart infrastructures, thanks to the advances in communication and automation technologies. However, the integration of new concepts in distribution networks, such as microgrids, distributed generation, energy storage etc., introduces various challenges regarding the energy management procedures. This paper proposes an optimal coordination model of multiple microgrids in smart distribution networks, based on a two-level optimization scheme. The upper-level of the proposed model optimizes the distribution network operation, while the economic dispatch is calculated in each microgrid in the lower-level of the methodology. Two scheduling modes are analyzed for the microgrids operation: independent grid-connected scheduling and coordinated scheduling mode. The influence of the microgrids scheduling on the distribution network operation is investigated using the test IEEE 33-bus system, modified with three microgrids, each including loads, controllable generators, renewable sources, and energy storage systems.


Alzheimer's disease Excessive accumulation of lipofuscin mayduring the progression of alzheimer's [ 1 ] Learning Lipofuscin may impair learning ability [ 2 ] Memory Lipofuscin may cause memory impairment [ 3 ] Hippocampus Lipofuscin may accumulate in and damage the Hippocampus.


Purpose
Global climate change is a serious threat to the survival and development of mankind. Reducing carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality are the keys to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable human development. For many countries, taking China as an example, the electric power sector is the main contributor to the country's carbon emissions, as well as a key sector for reducing carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. The low-carbon transition of the power sector is of great significance to the long-term low-carbon development of the economy. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to improve the energy supply structure on the supply side and increase the proportion of new energy in the total power supply. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve energy utilization efficiency on the demand side and control the total primary energy consumption by improving energy efficiency, which is the most direct and effective way to reduce emissions. Improving the utilization efficiency of electric energy and realizing the low-carbon transition of the electric power industry requires synergies between the government and the market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the individual and synergistic effects of China's low-carbon policy and the opening of urban high-speed railways (HSRs) on the urban electricity consumption efficiency, measured as electricity consumption per unit of gross domestic product (GDP).

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a panel of 289 Chinese prefecture-level cities from the years 1999–2019 as the sample and uses the time-varying difference-in-difference method to test the relationship between HSR, low-carbon pilot cities and urban electricity consumption efficiency. In addition, the instrumental variable method is adopted to make a robustness check.

Findings
Empirical results show that the low-carbon pilot policy and the HSR operation in cities would reduce the energy consumption per unit of GDP, and synergies occur in both HSR operated and low-carbon pilot cities.

Research limitations/implications
This study has limitations that would provide possible starting points for future studies. The first limitation is the choice of the proxy variable of government and market factors. The second limitation is that the existing data is only about whether the high-speed rail is opened or not and whether it is a low-carbon pilot city, and there is no more informative data to combine the two aspects.

Practical implications
The findings of this study can inform policymakers and regulators about the effects of low-carbon pilot city policies. In addition, the government should consider market-level factors in addition to policy factors. Only by combining various influencing factors can the efficient use of energy be more effectively achieved so as to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.

Social implications
From the social perspective, the findings indicate that improving energy utilization is dependent on the joint efforts of the government and market.

Originality/value
The study provides quantitative evidence to assess the synergic effect between government and the market in the low-carbon transition of the electric power industry. Particularly, to the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first to comprehend the role of the city low-carbon pilot policy and the construction of HSR in improving electricity efficiency.


The aim of this paper is to explore the value of Spanish through the study of the ideologies and subjectivities represented in the discursive practices of some transnational Latin American families that underwent processes of diaspora to Italy. In particular, the goal is to focus on their family language policies by exploring the relationship between linguistic uses, identities, and ideologies. In the current context of neoliberalism, many scholars have highlighted how language has become a commodity (Holborow, 2007; Block, Gray, and Holborow, 2012; Heller and Duchêne, 2012) or, in terms of Bourdieu (1991), a symbolic capital, i.e., a system of values that social actors associate with a particular linguistic use in a specific economic and political context, determined by certain power relations. In global contemporary diasporas, in line with the colonial era (Mignolo, 1992; Heller and McElhinny, 2017), the perceptual and evaluation schemes of linguistic practices continue to be strongly determined by the centre-periphery relationship. This same language regime is reflected in the social value of Spanish that emerges in the discursive practices of Hispanic families in Italy. The data, in effect, demonstrate a clear perceptual inequality between the Spanish of the diaspora, marginalised by its condition of minority language and delegitimised for representing a deviation from the monoglossic norm (Silverstein, 1996), and the central languages ('standard' varieties of Spanish and Italian), understood as convertible resources in the global linguistic market and more desirable in terms of social mobility.


Polymeric membranes for electrodialysis, fuel cells, and other purposes with specific characteristics have been the focus of innumerable researches. The aim of this work was to evaluate membranes of the sulfonated polyaniline and polyurethane, obtained in the presence of the former, regarding its mechanical and electrical properties. Polyurethane (PU) was prepared from castor oil and 4–4-diciclohexilmethane isocyanate (HMDI). Polyaniline was synthesized by chemical oxidation, as described in the literature, and was sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid in dichloroethane. Solution membranes were prepared by mixing sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) and polyaniline doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid (PAniTSA) with castor oil and further HMDI. The obtained products were characterized by FTIR, TGA, and DMA. The membrane FTIR brought out the characteristic peaks of PU and polyanilines (TSA e sulfonated), and TGA curve showed a maximum decomposition rate at 350°C, quite different of the polyaniline ones. Nevertheless the SPAN/PU membrane showed very good stability until 250°C. The loss modulus curves show that there was an increase in the PU glass transition temperature with the addition of PAni and SPAN due to the their interaction with the PU chains. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1485–1489, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.


In the wake of the global financial crisis of late 2008 many have argued that stronger regulatory reforms should have been done especially in the area of the over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives market. Accordingly, G20 leaders, including Korean government, have agreed since the G20 Pittsburgh Summit in 2009 to reform their financial regulatory framework of the OTC derivatives market so that it would promote increased transparency and reduce counterparty risk and systemic risk in the global OTC derivatives markets. One of the distinctive changes in the OTC derivatives markets that have been agreed by the G20 leaders was that standardised OTC derivatives transactions should be cleared through central counterparties("CCPs") in each of the jurisdictions by the end of 2012. The Financial Services Commission of Korea submitted a "Proposed Amendment to the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act"("Proposed Amendment") to National Assembly in June 2012 which mandated that the standardised OTC derivatives transactions be cleared through clearing institutions (i.e., CCPs) to meet its G20 commitments on the OTC derivatives. However, the Proposed Amendment is still pending at the National Assembly as of August 2012 and thus any detailed regulations that are required to be drafted pursuant to the Proposed Amendment are yet to come. This paper explores regulatory frameworks in other jurisdictions in Part II that are related to the implementation of CCPs for OTC derivatives and potential legal issues in Part III that may arise when the CCPs are implemented for the OTC derivatives transactions under the proposed legal structure in Korea. In particular, I argue that concept that enables the CCP to become the counterparty in the OTC derivatives transactions should be one that is similar to "novation" as opposed to the "assumption of obligation" while both of the methods are allowed in the Proposed Amendment. I also argue that in order to ensure the settlement finality for the OTC transactions between the CCP and its clearing members, clearing business rules of the clearing institution should clearly address that the close-out netting is allowed and the current Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act should be amended in a way that the settlement finality of the OTC transactions between the CCP and its clearing members is ensured in the case of the CCP"s default.


AIM: To observe the influence of nifedipine controlled release tablet on insulin resistance (IR) in elderly patients with hypertension. METHODS: The levels of blood pressure, fasting and 2 h post prandial blood glucose (BG), serum insulin (IS) in sixty elderly patients with hypertension (M 45, F 15; age 74 a± s 5 a) were measured before and after treatment (30-60 mg, po , qd×8 wk) with nifedipine controlled release tablet. The insulin sensitive index (ISI) was calculated. RESULTS: The blood pressure of these patients was significantly controlled after treatment with nifedipine controlled release tablet for 8 wk. The systolic pressure decreased 5.0 kPa±2.1kPa, the diastolic pressure decreased 4.9 kPa±1.8 kPa( P 0.01). The fasting IS decreased 5 mU·L -1 ±7 mU·L -1 , the ISI decreased 0.3±0.4 ( P 0.01). CONCLUSION: To elderly patients with hypertension, nifedipine controlled release tablet can not only decease blood pressure but also improve IR.


Summary

Understanding social processes (trajectories of relationships among stakeholders), political constraints, cultural aspects and public opinions is essential for efficient design, sustainability and evaluation of restoration operations. However, few restoration projects involve the participation of social sciences.
The ecological restoration of the Rhone River involved increasing flow below dams and better connecting floodplain channels at multiple sites along the river. Therefore, it provided a unique opportunity to identify the commonalities and differences among social processes associated with ecological restoration.
We used qualitative analyses of speeches and interviews with stakeholders to understand their relationship to the Rhone. These analyses revealed that social values, relating local residents to the river, played a major role throughout the restoration projects.
The comparison of social processes among three sites of the Rhone shows that they generally followed three stages: managing a crisis, transforming the relationship to the river and valuing the local social space (the territory).
Consistent patterns emerging across sites included the following: (i) the role of a local public figure able to mobilise stakeholders in supporting the restoration project; (ii) the importance of the organisation of the stakeholder community and its commitment to the project; and (iii) the major role of interactions between local and national levels. Variation across sites also occurred and may be related to unforeseen events such as political changes and natural hazards (e.g. floods and pollution).
Involving social science in restoration projects requires taking into account commonalities in social processes as well as the diversity of local experiences.


A modified Wicke-Kallenbach diffusion cell has been employed to measure the effective diffusivities of gases present in steam reforming in porous catalyst pellets within the temperature range of 293–873 K and at pressures from 1 to 10 bars. The temperature and pressure dependencies of the effective diffusivities of these gases have been evaluated and the tortuosities of the pellets estimated by the parallel path pore model. The experimental results demonstrated that diffusion in the present system occurs mainly in the bulk region at pressures up to 10 bars for the gases measured and, contrary to the usual predictions, the inverse proportionality of the effective diffusivity to the first power of the pressure is not always obeyed.


ABSTRACT This article seeks to show how the ethnographic peace research agenda can benefit from long-standing discussions in the anthropological literature. It sets out by arguing that the 'anthropological imagination' apparent in recent debates in peace and conflict studies is informed by an empiricist positivism that conceives of ethnography as a data-gathering tool. By drawing insights from the 'writing culture' and 'Third World feminism' debates, I will show how such empiricism was challenged and partly done away with in favour of new dialogical and collaborative approaches to knowledge production. In the second part, focussed on the context of the Kyrgyz Republic in Central Asia, I will illustrate the limits and blind spots of the prevalent empiricist approach to studying peace and conflict by showing how discourses and imaginaries of a 'culture of peace', tolerance and multiculturalism conceal forms of exclusion, marginalization and hidden conflict. I will show how my own collaborative research sheds light on community security practitioners' efforts to understand and tackle security challenges. This practico-discursive analysis exemplifies how critical ethnographic peace research can help to uncover patterns of conflict management, post-conflict governmentality, and the construction and 'othering' of group identities.


To better handle human action data of text type, an accurate and fast human action recognition scheme is proposed in this paper. The scheme fine-tunes two classical deep neural network (DNN) models (ResNet-50, EfficientNet-B3) to recognize different actions by processing text-type data of 19 human actions. The method's feasibility is demonstrated by several sets of experimental data showing that the highest 98.98% Top-l ACC is achieved on the noise-free validation set. The dataset containing Gaussian noise achieved 97.81% and 97.50% Top-l ACC on the validation and test sets, respectively, proving the excellent generalization performance of the method. Applying dropout techniques with different ratios to the fully connected layer of the model, the method is proved to have an excellent ability to prevent overfitting through diverse experiments introduced on the Gaussian noise validation set and test set.


Through the analysis of China's GDP per capita of the last twenty years by the Theil index method,the paper reveals that the economic growth is unbalance between provinces.From 1985 to 1990,the differences became convergence;after 1990,the differences between provinces became divergence.The differences between the three regions consists of the most part of the differences between provinces,and the differences among the east provinces far outweigh the differences among the central region and the west region.


Quantitative trading plays a significant role in stock selection due to its great flexibility and operability. A stock selection strategy was introduced based on the K-means clustering model in machine learning. Some technical indicators, such as MA, KDJ, and MACD with short and long periods, were taken into consideration in our strategy. The United States market stocks were divided into several clusters. And stocks close to the center of the best cluster were chosen to construct a portfolio. Experimental results showed that the investment strategy has a higher excess return rate during the bull market and decreases synchronously with the market trend during the bear market. This strategy, however, is superior to the performance of the S&P500 index at any time. This paper proposes a feasible strategy, which could get a considerable rate of return, to solve the problem of US stock selection.


Surface temperature for calcareous and sandstone rock art shelters have been modeled for the West Kimberley region of Western Australia during both wet and dry seasons. The best correlations between the surface and predicted values were still air conditions. The model correctly predicts the timing but not the magnitude of dips and bumps in the surface temperatures when drying or moisture bearing winds affect the sites. -- SCMRE


The present study analyzes the heat release and combustion characteristics of diesel, pure biodiesel (B100) obtained from Jatropha oil and its 80% blending with Ethanol (BD80E20) and Acetone (BD80AC20) as fuels in a single cylinder four stroke direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The analyses of experimental results indicate that the pressure of the in-cylinder gases rise early in case of B100, BD80E20 and BD80AC20. Early rate of pressure rise causes the cylinder pressure to rise early in case of the alternate fuels with a resulting low peak rate of pressure rise and peak pressure. The Net Heat Release Rate (NHRR) analysis shows lower rate of heat release with B100, BD80AC20 during the premixed phase of combustion. However, the rate of heat release is higher for these fuels in the diffusion combustion phase. As a result, the cumulative heat release (CHR) is higher for B100 and BD80AC20 as compared to that of normal diesel. The pressure in the fuel line was remarkably higher for B100, while the biodiesel ethanol blend shows almost the same trend and the fuel pressure is slightly lower for BD80AC20 when compared with diesel fuel pressure. Ignition delay in case of B100, BD80E20 and BD80AC20 is less compared to normal diesel; however, there was slight increase in delay period with addition of ethanol and acetone in B100. Combustion durations are longer for all these alternate fuels as compared to that of conventional diesel.


— Kraits are a species of extremely venomous snakes that can be found throughout tropical Asia, from Borneo's tropics to Iran and the Indian subcontinent. 8 of the 16 recognized species are present in India, with several others classified as subspecies. While the banded krait has been sighted in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Northeast India, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Bengal, the Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider, 1801) is prevalent across the nation. The present report describes the first sighting of the Banded Krait in the Korapuzha estuary basin of the Kozhikode Shoreline in India. This indicates the immediate need for a holistic evaluation of the herpetology of the site.


In this paper a controller for flexible joint robots (FJR) in presence of actuator saturation is proposed, its robust stability is analyzed, and it is implemented on a laboratory FJR. This controller consists of a composite structure, with a PD controller on the fast dynamics and a PID controller on slow dynamics. The need of powerful actuator is released through decrease of fast controller bandwidth at critical occasions. This is done by means of a fuzzy logic supervisory loop. The stability analysis of the overall system is then analyzed by Lyapunov theory. It is proven that UUB stability of the overall system in presence of uncertainties is guaranteed, provided that the PD and the PID gains are tuned to satisfy certain conditions. Experimental studies are forwarded to verify the effectiveness and the performance of the proposed controller


Three dithioesters with different Z-moieties were used as chain transfer agents in the reversible addition-fraction chain transfer(RAFT)radical polymerization of dimethacrylates in order to investigate the effect of dithioester structure on the kinetics,gelation and network structure.The polymerization rate was monitored with differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),the gelation and the network structure was measured by solvent extraction/swelling and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA).The polymerization rate increased due to the increased propagating radical concentration when phenyl Z-group in benzyl dithiobenzoate(BDB)was replaced by benzyl in benzyl phenyldithioacetate(BPDA)or cyclohexyl group in benzyl cyclohexanedithiocarboxylate(BCDC).The stabilizing effect of phenyl in BDB induced a certain extent of irreversible termination between intermediate radicals,resulting in an earlier gelation and higher crosslinking density.The RAFT mediated by BCDC with cyclohexyl as Z-group showed weaker controlling capability over the reaction,generating a polymer with less homogenous network.


Background. There have been a number of developments in the assessment of dynamic risk in the criminological literature. The dynamic risk assessment and management system (DRAMS) has been developed to facilitate the measurement of dynamic factors of risk for offenders with intellectual disability.

Method. The study was designed to assess the construct validity, reliability and predictive utility of the DRAMS in 23 male forensic patients in a high secure setting. Predictions were made against independently collected incident data. Concurrent validity was assessed against the Ward Anger Rating Scale (WARS).

Results. A reformulation of the individual section variables according to convergent and discriminant correlational analysis revealed Cronbach's alpha levels of >.8 for all sections apart from mood (alpha .750) and items retained to facilitate clinical information (alpha −.017). Two hundred pairs of WARS and DRAMS assessments revealed orderly sectional correlations. The sections of mood, antisocial behaviour, and intolerance/agreeableness predicted incidents with a medium effect size as did total DRAMS score. There were highly significant differences between assessments taken 1 or 2 days prior to an incident and control assessments conducted at least 7 days from an incident.

Conclusions. The reformulated DRAMS has good construct and concurrent validity. It appears to be a reliable assessment tool and informs on risk levels relating to stable and acute proximal factors. It appears as an important addition to the utility of risk assessments for this population.


Treatments were applied to plots of eight trees, each a different cultivar. Plots were replicated three timas in a randomized complete block design. Most treatments were applied at pink, 2 May, petal fall, 22, 23 May, and in six cover sprays, 6, 21 Jun., 6, 21 Jul., 3 Aug., and 17 Aug. Advantage was applied with 2% oil on 12 Apr. and by itself in cover sprays directed at San Jose Scale crawlers on 21 Jun., 6 Jul., 3 Aug., and 17 Aug., Imidan was applied on the other dates. Larvin 3.2F was applied at 10.0 and 20.0 oz form./lOO gal as the 4th and 5th treatments at pink, 2 May, while all Larvin treatments were omitted from the 21 Jul. cover spray. Bay Sir 8514 was applied at pink, 2 May and again on 21 Jun and 6 Jul., Guthion being used on the remaining dates. FMC 54800 and FCR 1272 were applied in the 2 May pink spray. Orthene was only applied 2 May, 23 May, and 6 Jun., Guthion being used on the remaining dates. Imidan, FMC 54800, and Larvin were all applied 22 May, and again on 23 May, following a rainstorm the night of the 22nd. Treatments were all applied dialute to runoff by high-pressure handgun sprayer at 400 lb/in2 delivering 4.2 gal spray/tree (403 gal/acre) except for the final two applications using 5.2 gal spray/tree (500 gal/acre). Trees were 19-yr-old, 12 ft high, on the EM2 rootstock, and spaced 15 by 30 ft. Plictran 50WP, 4 to 6 oz/100 gal was the primary miticide used, although Carzol 92SP 6 oz (AD/100 gal was applied to FCR 1272 and Penncap + Pydrin plots on 3 Aug. while Kelthane 4F 1 pt (AD/100 gal was applied to Larvin plots on the same date. Fungicide applications over all plots include: Bravo 500 3 qt (AD/100 gal, 12 Apr.; Vangard 10WP 2 oz/100 gal, 10, 17 Jun., and 13 Jul.; Captan 50WP 0.4 lb (AD/100 gal, 10 and 17 Jun.; and Polyram 80WP 1.13 lb(AD/100 gal, 13 Jul. All trees wee thinned with 10 ppm naphthaleneacitic acid on 2 Jun. April and May were unusually cold and wet, while July and August were much hotter and dryer than normal. Insect population densities were normal throughout the season. Insect damage was assessed at harvest by examining 100 fruit/cultivar per plot from 'McIntosh' 7 Sep., 'Cortland' 23 Sep., 'Golden Delicious' 3 Oct., and 'Red Delicious' 10 Oct.


Objective:To summarize the various major vascular surgery in cardiopulmonary bypass(extracorporeal circulation,ECC) methods and management experience.Methods:21 cases including all kinds of large vessels were completed under cardiopulmonary bypass surgery,aortic artificial vascular replacement,Bentall surgery,total aortic arch replacement(elephant trunk technique) with stent implantation,21 patients with modified myocardial preservation perfusion,were deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with antegrade cerebral perfusion or retrograde perfusion method.Results:21 surgical treatment patients with aortic dissection,of which 7 cases were Bentall procedure,3 cases ascending aorta replacement with aortic valve plasty and full aortic replacement surgery plus elephant trunk technique,1 case replacement of ascending aorta,10 cases Bentall procedure and full aortic replacement surgery plus elephant trunk technique with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA) plus selective cerebral perfusion in 21 cases of aortic dissection surgery.ECC time was 129~414(182.3±51.9) min in this group,the main artery occlusion time was 83~258 min,the average was(132.3±52.8) min.Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time was 8~53 min,the average was(29.10±18.30) min,selective cerebral perfusion time was 8~58 min,the average was(33.4±18.5) min.Lowest nasopharyngeal temperature was 13.8~20.1(17.8±3.5) ℃ during circulatory arrest,and bypass urine output was 450~4 900(2 326.1±1 061.2) mL,ultrafiltration volume was 1 000~5 000(2 783.9±1 246.6) mL,postoperative ventilation time was 11~192(37.8±22.3) h,chest drainage at operation 24 h after was 120~1 850(523.2±353.1) mL.There was no operative death,postoperative low cardiac output and multiple organ failure,and discharged without permanent brain damage occurred.21 patients were cured.Conclusion:Different major vascular surgery choose a different ECC methods and strengthen the management of perioperative ECC can significantly reduce complications and improve the success rate of surgery.


A volumenometer is described which utilizes the linear expansion of an oil-filled metal bellows to measure the volume expansion of solid materials.


Climate change is having a significant impact on water resources globally; more so in developing countries due to lower resilience and weakened coping mechanisms. Water resource and supply management systems need to be adaptive to the uncertainty and unpredictability posed by this challenge. The current water crisis is mainly that of governance within the water sector. On this premise, this chapter seeks to explore the adaptiveness of water management institutions and systems to climate change impacts, with a focus on Kenya's case. Kenya continues to face numerous challenges relating to water supply, which are further exacerbated by climate change. Prior to the development of key legislative and institutional frameworks, through adoption of the Water Act 2002, the water sector grappled with gross mismanagement, manifested via inefficiency in water service provision and resource degradation. Deploying the conceptual model of adaptive (co)-management institutional prescription of polycentric governance, experimentation, public participation, and management of bioregional scale, this chapter stands to contribute novel insights into designing sustainable, adaptive water governance regimes.


Background: Urticaria is considered to be caused by infections, emotions, and also allergy to common substances in the environment, particularly drugs. The relation of active dental infection to chronic urticaria is sought frequently, yet there are few detailed reports of the incidence and importance of such a relationship. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental infection occurring in chronic urticaria patients attending Dermatology, Venerealogy and Leprosy (DVL) OPD at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from August 2018 to May 2019 on 100 patients of age group between 16 to 60 years with chronic urticaria attending DVL OPD at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad. They have been referred to the dental department and were reviewed to determine the incidence of dental infections. Results: Out of 100 cases ,  66 were males and 34 were females. Youngest patient seen was 17 years and the oldest was 60 years. Peak incidence was seen in 31 to 40 years (36 cases of 36%), followed by 21 to 30 years (30 cases of 30%), 41 to 50 years (16 cases of 16%), 51 to 60 years (14 case of 14%) and 16 to 20 years (4 cases of 4%). Evidence of dental infections was found in 42 cases of which 26 cases (18 males, 8 females) were having dental caries, 58 (58%) patients had no evidence of dental infection. Conclusions: Urticaria may be considered to be a pattern of reaction to many different stimuli, as suggested by unpredictable remissions and exacerbations. Many of the dental infections go unnoticed in chronic urticaria, we have found a high prevalence (42%) of these infections in our study.


This dissertation adds insights in two research areas: human resource management (HRM) and customer relationship management (CRM). In the HRM research area employees influencing organizations are usually described using the label participation. The CRM research area focuses on how to improve customer relationships. This dissertation describes the research on why employee participation influences the effectiveness of CRM implementations.


Aiming at the fault phenomenon in shock response spectrum trial of space born equipment, the stress mechanism is analyzed. Then through finite element simulating calculation, this paper find the cause of this unusual plastic deformation, and gives a measure to solve the problem, thus puts forward the problems should be noticed with the space born equipment when doing the shock resistance.


Provided the number of matter fields is limited, the structure analysis of the gauge-field propagator results in superconvergence relations which provide a link between long- and short-distance properties of the theory. The information contained in these relations is combined with specific consequences of the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin algebra in order to argue for the confinement of transverse gauge-field excitations (gluons) if the number of flavors is less than ten for quantum chromodynamics. With a larger number of matter fields (between ten and sixteen flavors in QCD), confinement is not required. Hence there could be a phase transition. The question of quark confinement is considered only briefly.


In this paper , based on MES application in manufacturing ,aimed at the different data type ,capture and display method in different workshop of enterprise, a kind of embedded multi-functional intelligent data collection terminal software design method is proposed . This method can get better availability and decrease the RD time .It is also very convenient for the daily maintenance and software's update.


Dairy farmers might be over-feeding a large proportion of lactating cows when they feed the same ration to a large group of animals. Diets are normally formulated to provide enough nutrients to the most productive animals, which in turn gives extra nutrients to the less productive animals. Therefore, splitting lactating cows in smaller groups and offering group-specific feeding rations provides more precise nutrient requirements, increases herd's income over feed cost, and decreases nutrient excretion to the environment. Depending on the farm facilities and extra management costs, considering additional grouping for feeding purposes could be a profitable decision in modern dairy farming.


Abstract Both an abnormal lipid profile (elevated serum total cholesterol and/or reduced serum HDL-C) and cigarette smoking increase the risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Since these risk factors may occur together, a question has arisen as to whether their joint effects are greater than would be anticipated from the extensive research on their individual effects. Thus, we have reviewed the epidemiological and clinical studies that have quantified this potential interaction. Although some studies, including a recent large meta-ana lysis, have found some degree of synergism between these risk factors, there is no consensus in the results. It seems that any interaction that there may be is small in magnitude and of little clinical relevance.


This report aims to introduce social characteristics of East Timor and outlines research findings carried out in East Timor from July to December 2000. The purpose of this fieldwork was to explore humanitarian operations in East Timor. 2 The author engaged in several surveys to understand reconciliation attempts in the District Liquiça as a part of project assessments in a non-governmental organisation based in Dili. Thus, this report presents certain aspects of the author's findings about militia, circumstances of reconciliation between the East Timorese militia and the populous, and future settings of reconciliation. The information presented here is based primarily on interviews carried out in East Timor, particularly in the District Liquiça. To achieve the research aims, the author extensively interviewed workers in International Organisations and NGOs in Dili and the District Liquiça, as well as the local people. The report also made use of the available secondary and tertiary resources on the subject, such as printed documents, books, articles, journals, newspapers and Internet sources. Recent information is based largely on the printed documents and interviews.


The search of the improvement of teaching and learning processes forces the education community to being kept worried in order to get the best way of presenting contents in the classroom, using the suitable materials and with a prepared organization. In order to obtain it, ideas can arise at any moment or place. One way to do it is using the nearest environment in order to work mathematics contents with activities of different levels. An example is presented, with suggestions for it application in the classroom. Nevertheless, every teacher should only act in this way if he/she thinks that it is the best way to get his/her teaching-learning aims.


This article analyses detecting fault line method based on electric current waving in arc coil grounding system,expounds theoretical principle about the detecting fault line method,specifies the merits and defects of the method,and assists the improvement of the method.


Qaboos Universilv Hospital. Environmental Objectives: The study was undertaken to temperature has some influene on virus determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection in transmission but not relative humidity. children with gastroenteritis, and to correlate this


In this paper, Adaptive Step-Size Recursive Least Biphase Errors Algorithm (ARBEA) is proposed, employing a new "biphase function." Results of analysis and experiments demonstrate its effectiveness in making adaptive filters fast convergent and robust against impulsive observation noise.


There are controversial data about the effects of sun exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD). We evaluated the association between solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and AD symptoms in children.


The invention discloses a VDMOS (Vertical double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor) and a manufacturing method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the length and precision of a channel formed between a P-type body region and a polycrystalline silicon layer are uncontrollable as cumulative departure exists when the polycrystalline silicon layer and the P-type body region are manufactured in the prior art. The manufacturing method comprises steps: an oxidation layer is formed on an epitaxial layer; an anti-oxidation layer is formed on the oxidation layer, etching is carried out on a preset region of the anti-oxidation layer, and a P-type body region window is formed; three groups of elements are injected to the epitaxial layer via the P-type body region window to form a P-type body region; drive-in of the P-type body region is carried out, and growth of the oxidation layer is continuously carried out in the P-type body region window; the anti-oxidation layer and the oxidation layer are removed, and steps are formed on the surface of the epitaxial layer; a gate oxidation layer is formed on the epitaxial layer after the anti-oxidation layer and the oxidation layer are removed, the surface of the gate oxidation layer has the same shape as that of the epitaxial layer, and the steps on the surface of the epitaxial layer serve as registration Marks to manufacture polycrystalline silicon windows in the gate oxidation layer.


Abstract A new, simple and selective reversed-phase HPLC assay is developed for the determination of the clinically undesirable artemisitene in the antimalarial agent artemisinin (qinghaosu). It involves the use of an internal standard (santonin) and the determination time is less than 5 minutes. Detection was accomplished using a UV detector set at 216 nm and limits were as low as 15ng for a 10μl injection. Being simple and selective this method is particularly useful for the routine analysis of artemisinin to check its purity. In addition, the method can be used for preparative scale purification of these compounds. It has been applied for the evaluation of crystalline samples of artemisinin without prior preparation.


In December 2017, two suspected outbreaks of Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 were notified in Finland. We analyzed the surveillance and outbreak investigation data and genotyped Y. enterocolitica strains in order to understand Y. enterocolitica epidemiology in Finland and to find out whether the notified outbreaks were related. A total of 13,344 Y. enterocolitica cases were reported in 1995-2018 to the National Infectious Diseases Register. The mean annual incidence ranged from 7.9 to 15.9/100,000 inhabitants. The highest incidence was observed in young adults (14/100,000). Incidence varied geographically. The incidence was higher in spring compared to other seasons. The most common pathogenic bioserotype was 4/O:3 but the information on bio/serotype was missing in 64% of the surveillance cases. For most of the cases, 87%, no travel history was reported. In the YE 4/O:3 outbreak investigation, whole genome sequencing was performed for isolates from 29/69 (42%) of the outbreak cases. The sequencing results showed that cases consisted of six independent clusters with 2 - 6 isolates in each cluster, and 5 sporadic isolates. No food item was found to be common to all of the clusters. In order to improve monitoring and facilitate the detection and investigation of Y. enterocolitica outbreaks, more comprehensive information on bio/serotype and on travel history is required in the surveillance.


Dengue fever virus is an infectious disease that can infect others if bitten by Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus has the potential to attack cells in the hepar organs so that the hepar is inflamed, swollen, and liver function is disrupted, and there is severe bleeding. The increase in transaminase enzymes as well as hepatomegaly is a frequent sign in dbd sufferers, thus reinforcing the notion that the course of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) disease can affect hepar or liver organs. The presence of such events will increase the level of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) in dengue fever patients. The purpose of this study is to find out the epidemiological study of Dengue dengue fever with the increase in SGPT and SGOT levels in dengue fever patients at Aura Syifa Kediri Hospital. This research method uses descriptive research design and total sampling technique for 1 month. Samples obtained for 1 month amounted to 15 samples. The results showed that from a sample of 15 respondents as many as 3 samples (20%) for high SGPT levels above normal and normal results as many as 12 samples (80%). The conclusion of this study shows that the value of SGPT levels has increased by 20% and is still above normal, but still have to be alert to small values.


"Double shoulder task" mode is very common nowadays among the cadres in higher education institutions in China.This mode plays a very important role in teaching and researching in universities and is an important part of the administrators in university.However,there exist some unavoidable contradictions and problems in this mode.This article aims to analyze both the function and the existing problems of this mode,and finally provides some constructive solutions to these problems.


The technological and market forces that drive forward the development of the semiconductor industry in the next twenty five years are examined and discussed. In light of the rapid global development of information industries and the Internet, projections are made of shifting position in the industry due to technology, market, or manufacturing innovations. The development of macro and micro-intelligent robotics is envisioned as the next large scale application of semiconductors in the next quarter century.


Encyclia is monophyletic after removal of a number of species to Euchile, Microepidendrum, Oestlundia, and Prosthechea . However, phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences indicated that Encyclia kienastii belongs to a separate, strongly supported sister group of Alamania , from which it differs markedly in vegetative and floral morphology. Here we transfer Encyclia kienastii to a new genus, Amoana . It is easily distinguished from other genera of Laeliinae by the following combination of characters: pseudobulbs narrowly cylindrical, leaves lanceolate, callus with two conspicuous, divergent, digitiform processes at the base of the midlobe of the labellum, and column reflexed in the middle. We also propose a second species in the genus, Amoana latipetala , which is easy to distinguish from A. kienastii because of its much wider sepals and petals. Amoana is endemic to intermediate elevations in south-central Mexico. A key to the species of the genus is presented. The conservation status of the two species is assessed using the IUCN and MER criteria.


Delivering Services to a Diverse Aging Population: Challenges for the Future Barbara A. Hawkins & Daniel Mclean To cite this article: Barbara A. Hawkins & Daniel Mclean (1993) Delivering Services to a Diverse Aging Population: Challenges for the Future, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 64:4, 31-34, DOI: 10.1080/07303084.1993.10606753 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1993.10606753


A kinetic study of the solvolysis and rearrangement of p-methoxybenzyl arenesulfinates was made. In contrast to the sulfur-oxygen bond fission mechanism which prevails for benzyl arenesulfinates, a carbon-oxygen bond fission by an ionization mechanism was found for the corresponding p-methoxybenzyl esters.


Purpose: To evaluate a new measure assessing excellent, or exemplary, informal care—an aspect of caregiving that has received little attention. The Exemplary Care Scale (ECS) was developed on the basis of insights from previous research with items generated by the authors in consultation with a multidisciplinary research team. Design: 310 informal caregivers and 283 of their elderly care recipients completed the ECS and other measures pertaining to quality of care and its presumed correlates. Results: Factor analyses indicated that the ECS consists of 2 factors reflecting provision of exceptional care (Provide) and respect for care recipient autonomy, wishes, and the like (Respect). The ECS factor structure was equivalent among caregivers and care recipients. Both factors were empirically distinct from existing measures of poor quality and adequate care. Each ECS factor was associated with other care-related constructs in predictable ways, implying construct validity. Conclusions: The ECS, in conjunction with existing measures, provides a more comprehensive assessment of the quality-of-care continuum and should prove useful to researchers and practitioners interested in quality of informal care provided to chronically ill or disabled people.


The article is devoted to the unconscious self-identity in the process of socialization. The modern person, as a rule, is deprived of the choice of the line of conduct, as the defining factor of intention in favour of human cruelty or positive self-realization are the social conditions, social environment. The text reveals the mechanisms of the development or suppression of its own destruction.


It is described a nailer staple gun that allows to drive staples of different lengths of branches. The housing (12) of the staple gun has a front end of staple driver (14) and a support (22). A staple discharge opening (53) formed in the support (22). A staple separator guide (50) is slidably mounted on the staple driving end (14) of the housing (12) and has a free end (70) extending beyond the opening of discharge staple (53) and the support (22) of the staple gun. Cooperating means are provided on the separator guide (50) and on the housing (12) to allow the blade (50) guides to be retracted along the housing (12) relative to the support.


The texture of food is one of the important factors contributing to subconscious perception of quality sensory properties. Based on this we see that the education of consumer is an important factor in the acceptance or refusal of food products. If the prior education determine the consumer to anticipate the food product by sensors induced by subconscious, the product will be accepted by the consumer without anyobjections from the sensors but if the contrary, the feeling is not in conformity with the confort induced by subconscious, the product will not go unnoticed and may even lead to a denial of food product. The properties of texture can make a difference on quality in terms of processing technologies and food categories such as organic, traditional and conventional food


Interfaces between biomaterials and living system are critical in regulating their interactions. Poor biocontact properties always limited the performance of biomaterials in biological environment. Surface engineering aims to control the interface interaction to further enhance the desired behavior of biomaterials. Upon implantation of biomaterials into the biological environment, a series of host responses are initiated. Non-specific protein adsorption on biomaterials is the essential stage of all biological reactions that associated with implants failure, device-related infections and blood-coagulation. In this review, we first focused on surface modification techniques to eliminate protein adsorption by emphasizing PEGylation of both macroscopic surface and nanoparticle system. Next, recent developments in surface engineering of biomaterials to optimize interactions between biomaterials and specific host tissue and organs are discussed. Optimizing the biocontact property of blood-contact devices can improve their hemocompatibility and maintain vascular homeostasis. Surface modifications of orthopedic and dental implants confer improved osteointegration and tribology performance. Controlling the surface chemistry and topography, and immobilizing biomolecules can aid the expansion and direct the differentiation of stem cells.


The paper is focused on the use of Biomos and Micosorb probiotics in feeding Broiler chicks. It is pointed out that the above supplements have a positive effect on the chicks growth and development, their slaughter indices and meat qualities. It is stressed that the highest values have been obtained in the group of chicks fed Micosorb probiotic in the dose of 1,5kg/t added to the mixed feeds ration.


The dissociation of screw dislocations on planes in a b.c.c. metal can lead to unequal shear stresses for glide in opposite directions, while dissociation on planes cannot. Glide will occur in the former configuration only if the radius of the core of a partial dislocation exceeds of the radius of a symmetrically dissociated dislocation. If this condition is not satisfied, one partial dislocation runs to infinity before the remaining two coalesce.


It aims to apply the idea of multidisciplinary design optimization to the optional pesign of cylinder helix compression spring. The multidisciplinary design optimization model is established according to the characteristics of multi-objective and multi-constraints exist in the optional design of cylinder helix compression spring. The optimization model is solved by using collaborative optimization algorithm. The numerical results indicate that the collaborative optimization can be successfully applied to dealing with the optional design of cylinder helix compression spring,and lay a foundation to solve more complex mechanical system.


Introduction:
 Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is one of the leading causes of congestive heart failure (CHF) in Latin America and carries a high morbidity and mortality burden. Previously, it was believed that there was no epidemiological and clinical evidence of a gender-associated risk of death in patients with CCC.

 Hypothesis:
 to analyze the mortality of congestive heart failure due to CCC in women and men.

 Methods:
 From February 2017 to September 2020, we followed a cohort of patients with CHF due to CCC in a single-center outpatient clinic. Serologic tests defined Chagas disease. Baseline data included clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings. Statistical analyses were performed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards methods.

 Results:
 We studied 733 patients, mean of 61.4 ± 12.3 years, and 381 (52%) males. At baseline, women were older (63.0±11.9 vs. 60±12.4 years; p=0.01), had a higher prevalence of CKD (9.7 vs. 5.1%; p=0.002), higher mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (44.5±14.6% vs. 37.3±14.8%; p<0.001), and a lower left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD) (56.7±8.9 vs. 62.4±9.4 mm; p<0.001). Over a 3-years follow-up period, 294 patients died being 168 (57%) men and 126 (43%) women (log-rank; p=0.002). Women had more implantable pacemakers (26.1% vs. 16.5%; p=0.002) and men more implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (20.7% vs. 12.5%; p=0.003). Heart transplants occurred in 10.8% of men and 7.4% of women (p=NS). Cox regression for death adjusted for age, sex, previous myocardial infarction, diabetes, previous stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD), atrial fibrillation, and LVEF showed men (HR=1.4; 95%CL:1.1-1.8), previous stroke (HR=2.4; 95%CL:1.5-3.6), diabetes (HR=2.0; 95%CL: 1.3-3.1), and CKD (HR=1.8; 95%CL:1.3-2.6) as the main predictors of death.

 Conclusions:
 women had a better prognosis than men. Treatment of comorbidities will significantly reduce the death rate in CHF due to CCC.


This paper applies panel unit root tests and nonlinear mean-reversion model to study price convergence in China. We found strong evidence in support of price convergence in the Chinese domestic market based on a balanced panel data of monthly price indexes across 36 major Chinese cities and over seven year period. Since price liberalization is the necessary mean to establish a full market system, this result provides direct empirical evidence on how successful the market economic reform is in China. Moreover, we find that the half-life of price index convergence in China is only about 3 to 4 months, which is substantially lower than those found in the received literature. We believe such a result is largely due to the fact that we use high frequency time series data that fits better with the time needed for price convergence in domestic market, a point raised and proved theoretically by Taylor (2001). Hence, the paper also sheds light on the recent debate over PPP and law of price.


We analyze the effects of the Fermi surface (FS) shape on magnetotransport properties, especially the Hall effect in the MnAs compound. Inspired by previous measurements of MnAs on GaAs substrates which show simultaneously electron and hole conduction, we develop a model based on the semiclassical equations of magnetotransport. In our model, we take into account both, the applied magnetic field as well as the Fermi surface shape. By means of density functional theory, we obtain the FS sheets where there is a clear dominance of the hyperboloid shape. We prove that this shape of the FS is the cause of the simultaneous electron/hole conduction. Our model is corroborated by performing measurements of MnAs epitaxially grown on GaAs(001) and GaAs(111), both substrates allow us to study the magnetoresistance, the magnetization, and the Hall resistance for different crystal direction of the compound. Our study provides guidelines for clarifying the magnetotransport properties in a broad range of materials with similar Fermi surfaces


【Abstract】AMR-WB+ is the newest audio compression standard which is used in 3G mobile communication systems. This paper analyzes the frame error concealment algorithm for pitch delay parameter in AMR-WB+, and gives the scheme of optimization. Experimental results show that, on average, the objective test score of the optimized algorithm is higher than the original algorithm, and the subjective test score of the optimized algorithm is equal to the original algorithm. 【Key words】AMR-WB+ standard; audio encoder; error concealment; algorithm optimization


The continuous directional solidification technique of five kinds of special ZA alloys with eutectic, peritectic and eutectoid transformation under the condition of continuous casting by heated mold was studies. The mechanism of surface defects appearing in ZA alloy line was discussed and the structure of some defects were analyzed by SEM. The results show that only when the fitting of various technique factors, pressure head, outlet temperature, pulling speed and cooling condition is reasonable under a certain range, can the ZA alloy smooth line be continuously pulled out. Unreasonable technique will result in hot tear, rough surface, mush outlet, leaking and other defects. The shape and location of solid liquid zone have the importance influence on the forming of above defects. When the solid liquid zone is located in the mould outlet or inner mould, the surface of solidification will protrude into the inner mould. If the left liquid can not counteract the solidification contract, the rough surface will appear. If the solidification surface further into the mould, the ingot in mould will have a big friction force when pulling and form hot tear. When the solid liquid zone is moved out of mould, the solidification surface will turn into a plane, which made it easy to form leaking. The vibration or unstable operation will make the ingot winding during pulling.


According to Heywood (1988), the combustion reactions from those engines are characterized by a very rapid detonation, with the following characteristics: high pressure, due to the compression phase; a reaction zone extremely thin; the lack of chemical balance because of a very short residence time; a drop in temperature next to the gas valves outlets, due to expansion in the exhaust and then to the environment.


In this paper,the author analyzed the mode and traits of korfball development in the world using export interview,mathematics statistics,and questionnaires and finally,argued the development plan"as students a main target,schools a flat,schools drive the whole society and China drive the Asia" in according to the current situation in China and combing the enlightenment of the development in other countries.


We compute explicitly the Chow motive of any generalized Kummer variety associated to any abelian surface. In fact, it lies in the rigid tensor subcategory of the category of Chow motives generated by the Chow motive of the underlying abelian surface. One application of this calculation is to show that the Hodge conjecture holds for arbitrary products of generalized Kummer varieties. As another application, all numerically trivial 1-cycles on arbitrary products of generalized Kummer varieties are smash-nipotent.


A pot study was performed under greenhouse condition to check the possibility that using Trichoderma harzianum could improve the growth, production and quality of watermelon genotype. Plant growth medium inoculated with T. harzianum at 1 × 104 cfu, 1.25 × 104 cfu and 1.50 × 104 cfu respectively, while un-inoculated with fungi used as control treatment. Plant growth medium inoculated with higher concentration (1.50 × 104 cfu) of T. harzianum significantly increased plant root and shoot length and brings early flowering. The higher values of plant fresh and dry weight, leaf area, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis rate and number of fruit per plant of watermelon was obtained with 1.50 × 104 cfu. However, T. harzianum levels of 1.50 × 104 cfu and 1.25 x 104 cfu produced statistically similar results for carbohydrate content, total soluble solids, vitamin A content and ?-carotene of watermelon. It was observed that plant grown in growth medium inoculated with T. harzianum has direct relation with growth and quality of watermelon. Compared to all tested levels, the higher level of T. harzianum 1.5 × 104 cfu is the most effective in improving growth, yield and quality of watermelon genotype (cv. Sugar baby).


The salt tolerance of three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars (Dorado, Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113) and their responses to shoot spraying with 25 ppm IAA were studied. Salinity stress induced substantial differences between the three sorghum cultivars in the leaf area, dry mass, relative water content and tolerance index of the leaves. Dorado and Hagen Shandawil tolerated salinity up to 88 and 44 mM NaCl, respectively, but above this level, and at all salinity levels in Giza 113, a significant reduction in these parameters was recorded. The rate of reduction was lower in Dorado than in Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113, allowing the sequence Dorado ? Hagen Shandawil ? Giza 113 to be established for the tolerance of these cultivars to salinity. The differences in the tolerance of the sorghum cultivars were associated with large differences in K+ rather than in Na+, which was found to be similar in the whole plant. The youngest leaf was able to maintain a higher K+ content than the oldest leaf. Consequentl...


The fusion of a wankel engine and a fuel cell gives a wonderful new dimension. The net output given by the engine is both mechanical and electrical. The requirement of an engine is paramount which voids the conversion of mechanical power to electrical power, due to the losses in energy. It would be thrilling to note that a major space occupier and trouble maker like a battery can be done away with. When compared to an IC engine the power given by this engine is large and with hydrogen being used as the fuel, it turns into a zero emission engine. The vibration factor is also cut down, as a Wankel engine has far less number of moving parts when compared to an IC engine.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Pantograph-catenary system is the most important component for transmitting the electric energy to the train. If the faults have not detected in an early stage, energy can disrupt the energy and this leads to more serious faults. The arcs occurred in the contact point is the first step of a fault. When they are detected in an early stage, catastrophic faults and accidents can be avoided. In this study, a new approach has been proposed to detect arcs in pantograph-catenary system. The proposed method applies a threshold value to each video frame and the rate of sudden glares are converted to time series. The phase space of the obtained time series is constructed and the arc event is found by using particle swarm optimization. The proposed method is analyzed by using real pantograph-videos and good result have been obtained.


Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (pequi) has been popularly used in Northeastern Brazil in the treatment of inflammation, pain and respiratory affections. This study evaluated the topical anti-inflammatory activity of C. coriaceum hydroethanolic extract (CCHE) and methanolic fraction (CCMF) from pequi tree leaves against different skin sensitizer agents (arachidonic acid, croton oil, phenol and histamine), as well their antioxidant activity and phenolic compound profile. High performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis pointed the presence of chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin and lower concentrations of caffeic and gallic acids. Both CCHE and CCMF 1 mg/ear demonstrated significant topical anti-inflammatory effect against arachidonic acid, phenol and histamine single application (antiedematous effect ranging from 48 to 69% for CCHE and 36 to 64% for CCMF; P 0.05). Additionally, both extracts exhibited strong DPPH• free radical scavenging activity in vitro (EC50 = 5.02 ± 4.37 μg/ml for CCMF and 6.06 ± 4.03 μg/ml for CCHE). Together, the results give important support that CCHE and CCMF (and their phenolic compounds, according to previous data from literature) could exert topical anti-inflammatory activity by possibly modulate the local production of inflammatory mediators including histamine, arachidonic acid metabolites and reactive oxygen species.

 Key words: Topical anti-inflammatory activity, mouse ear edema, dermatitis, Caryocar coriaceum, polyphenols, skin disorders.


Physical educators seek ways to motivate students to engage in lifelong physical activity. Research demonstrates that autonomy-supportive climates improve motor skills and competence in children. Although substantial research exists on the benefits of autonomy-supportive climates on children's motor skills, little is known regarding the perceptions of the teachers and the children. We implemented two instructional climates—an autonomy-supportive climate (ASC) and a teacher-centered controlled (TCC) climate, both designed for learning motor skills—and asked children and teachers about their perceptions of the instructional approaches. Twenty-four children and four teachers participated. Data were collected qualitatively through informal interviews with children, in-depth interviews with teachers, and field observations. All researchers engaged in inductive data analysis and triangulation. The results suggest that children preferred the ASC over the TCC, found the ASC challenging, and thought the ASC facilitated independence and choice. These findings suggest an explanation for why earlier studies found positive learning outcomes in ASC. Subscribe to TPE


Parameters associated with the performance of countermovement jumps were identified from vertical ground reaction force recordings during fatigue and resting conditions. Fourteen variables were defined, dividing the vertical ground reaction force into negative and positive external working times and times in which the vertical ground reaction force values were lower and higher than the participant's body weight. We attempted to explain parameter variations by considering the relationship between the set of contractile and elastic components of the lower limbs. We determined that jumping performance is based on impulsion optimization and not on instantaneous ground reaction force value: the time in which the ground reaction force was lower than the body weight, and negative external work time was lower under fatigue. The results suggest that, during fatigue, there is less contribution from elastic energy and from overall active state. However, the participation of contractile elements could partially compensate for the worsening of jumping performance.


The rate of penetration of a liquid hydrocarbon or an alcohol into a glass capillary is more rapid if the capillary has been outgassed, than if its surface is covered with a duplex film of the liquid. The increase in rate is as large as 10%. If the pore walls are covered by an adsorbed film, the thickness of which is comparable to the pore radius, this leads to an accelerated rate of penetration in comparison to systems in which the pore radii are large. In the systems studied, there was a notable difference between hydrocarbons and octyl alcohol, which appeared when the glass was outgassed at 200°C under vacuum.


The goals of this work were to combine crystal and particle engineering in a singlestep using spray drying and improve particle properties that can potentially minimizethe need for coating agents. Specific aim was to prepare and characterize theophyllinecocrystal particles intended for inhalation using by spray drying.Theophylline is a bronchodilator used in the treatment of asthma and is used as amodel drug in this study. Theophylline cocrystals with citric acid, flufenamic acid andsaccharin were chosen as model systems. The solubilities of different components ofcocrystals in different solvents were determined to get an idea of the stabilitylandscape of cocrystals. Thereafter, the cocrystals were prepared by slurrycrystallization method. The cocrystal particles from similar solutions were preparedusing spray drying. The processing variables are carefully chosen for optimal particleengineering. The resulting solids were subjected to different characterizations such asparticle size analysis, tap density and bulk density analysis and new generationimpactor studies.Theophylline cocrystals were successfully obtained by both slurry crystallization andspray drying methods. Despite rapid drying, spray dried particles were predominantlycrystalline with a particle size and other attributes suitable for inhalation. However,the process yields were low due to adhesion to cyclone walls. The impactor resultsindicated a decent aerosolization performance of the spray dried particles in pure andwhen blended with lactose.The cocrystal particles with interesting properties suitable for inhalation applicationcan be prepared in one step using spray drying. The mechanisms behind reasons foradhesion of cocrystal particles should be further elucidated.Key words: spray drying, cocrystals, cocrystallization, coformers, particle engineering,design of experiments, inhalation, theophylline, citric acid, flufenamic acid, saccharin.


"Is It Safe for Me to Go to Work?" A strategy to protect at-risk workers requires a framework for counseling patients about the risks posed by continuing to work, policy changes to ensure financial...


Objective:
To identify factors associated with susceptibility, tobacco use and addiction in young people from 13 to 15 years of age, to determine conditions of risk and identify possible correlates to the development of public policies on smoking in Costa Rica.

Materials and methods:
Information available from the four rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Costa Rica was used. It was based on a sample size of 11 540 youngsters from public and private schools. Indicators of interest and logistic regression models for smoking, susceptibility and addiction were estimated.

Results:
The prevalence of current consumption shows a significant decrease over the 14 years of the study (17.3% in 1999 and 5.0% in 2013) and, to a lesser intensity, in the index of smoking susceptibility (19.3% in 1999 and 12.4% in 2013). The proportion of young people with addiction has shown a significant increase in the same period.

Conclusions:
The conditions that explained the significant reduction in smoking prevalence and less susceptibility must be maintained and deepened to achieve full compliance of the MPower measures.


We present the first enantioselective catalysis of the Friedel−Crafts reaction via activation of electron-rich multiple bonds by a chiral Bronsted acid. The reaction of various indole derivatives with a broad range of substituted enecarbamates affords the corresponding Friedel−Crafts products in high yield and enantioselectivity.


The striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) is one of the most important rice pests in Asia. The objective of this study was to identify rice lines resistant to striped stem borer and to determine plant characteristics associated with resistance. A total of 42 rice lines were evaluated in the field under natural infestation conditions in 2008. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used for the experiment. The lines exhibited considerable variation for plant height (77.00-149.66 cm), number of tiller (11-29), leaf length (27.0-52.0 cm), leaf width (4.6-11.0 mm) and stem diameter (2.70-9.01 mm). The infestation percent was significantly correlated with leaf width and stem diameter. Also white head was significantly correlated with plant height, stem diameter and infestation percent. The results showed that the decrease of grain yield was correlated with high stem diameter, high infestation and white head was correlated. Four resistant lines (IRRI-2×Hassani-3, Tarom×Deylamani-3, (IR58025A×IR-19R)/Sepidrod-3 and (IR58025A×IR-19R)/Neda-3) with infestation percentage less than 10% and percentage of white head of 0% were identified. These might be useful sources of resistance for rice breeding programmers in Iran.


The technical research paper presented here is paying attention on optimizing the drill process factors in the hole making the process of Glass Fiber Centered Polymer Composite (GFCPC) laminates. Drill spindle speed, drill feed rate, and drill diameter are the three input process factors considered, with three levels of each factor. The drill flank wear and the surface roughness of the drilled hole are considered to be the two response factors to be analyzed and optimized. Taguchi's design of experiments concept is adopted to set up the optimized experimental design. The combination of Taguchi Analysis and Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) is employed to the multi response experimental data collected for drill flank wear as well as surface roughness. The GRA converted multi-response characteristic into single performance characteristic by generating Grey Relation Grades (GRG). The analysis showed that, a spindle speed of 1200rpm, drill feed of 0. 2mm/rev, and 6mm drill diameter will minimize both drill flank wear and surface roughness. Post analysis of GRG with respect to the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique applied to the average GRG values inferred that drill diameter has highest significance (46.97%), trailed by the drill feed rate (20.37%) and drill spindle speed (16.10%) on GRG. Confirmation tests performed to verify the validity of the optimization of GRG showed an improvement of 6.9% in the experimental GRG values.


This paper focuses on identifying the economic impacts of the Loma Prieta earthquake, for the regional economy as a whole and for small businesses operating in the heart of the impacted areas. The paper looks both at aggregate impacts, through an analysis of published economic data, and individual experiences, through a survey of small businesses in the cities of Oakland and Santa Cruz. Aggregate effects are covered through a discussion of the damage in the context of total economic activity, identification of areas and sectors where economic impacts are evident, measurement of the magnitude and duration of impacts, and analysis of the effects on the housing market. Disaggregated effects and individual experiences are examined through the survey of Oakland and Santa Cruz small businesses. The paper concludes with a discussion of the broader implications of the Loma Prieta earthquake experience for the long term vulnerability of the region's economy to earthquakes.


Studies to establish bioequivalence (BE) of a drug are important elements in support of drug applications. A typical BE study is conducted as a single dose, randomized, 2‐period crossover design. For drugs with long half lives (≥ 48 hours) and evaluation of multiple BE objectives in 1 trial, this design may not be adequate. A parallel design may then be a more appropriate choice. However, parallel designs require increased sample size, which can become substantial.


Behavioral Outcomes of the BOSS Teaching Program With Adults With Intellectual Disabilities by Mick Needham MS, Johns Hopkins University, 2009 MA, Western Michigan University, 2002 BS, Central Michigan University, 2000 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education


There is substantial consensus among today's manufacturers that integration between design and manufacturing is a prerequisite for competing in a global economy. Whereas industry is often responsive to the changing dynamics of commerce and industry resulting in the adoption of new methods and strategies for competitive advantage, design education is often rigid and non-responsive to these hard realities. Traditional teaching methods are not suitable for imparting such real-life design concepts. This paper discusses how Design for Production was simulated in an academic setting, using 'competitive tendering' concept as a catalyst variable to accelerate the learning process, preliminary study results, lessons learned and the way forward.


We study the mass-radius relations of finite temperature white dwarfs modified by the quadratic generalized uncertainty principle (QGUP), a prediction that arises from quantum gravity phenomenology. This QGUP approach extends the Heisenberg uncertainty principle by a quadratic term in momenta, which then modifies the phase space volume in the Chandrasekhar equation of state (EoS). This EoS was first calculated by treating the GUP parameter β as perturbative. This perturbative EoS exhibits the expected thermal deviation for low pressures, while showing conflicting behaviors in the high pressure regime dependent on the sign of the j th order of approximation, ( O ( β j )). To explore the effects of QGUP further, we proceed with a full numerical simulation, and showed that in general, finite temperatures cause the EoS at low pressures to soften, while QGUP stiffens the EOS at high pressures. This modified EoS was then applied to the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations and its classical approximation to obtain the modified mass-radius relations for general relativistic and Newtonian white dwarfs. The relations for both cases were found to exhibit the expected thermal deviations 2 Tu˜nacao, Abac are no longer mutually exclusive.