Potato and vegetable processing is becoming more common on agricultural farms in Finland. Fresh peeling waste is valuable feed and it can be fed to production or game animals. Wastewaters from vegetable peeling processes cause serious environmental pollution when discharged untreated because of their high concentrations and organic matter contents. The large amounts of different types of compounds and the high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD7) in these waters make it complicated to treat. Different kinds of treatment methods were evaluated in this study. Sequencing batch reactors are one of the most competent means of treating wastewaters on farms. Biological-chemical wastewater treatment systems are able to attain high nutrient removal efficiencies. Composting is complicated in waste peels with high water content. Compost made from peeling waste and peeling waste incorporated with other materials has good nutrient content for soil enrichment and fertilization. INTRODUCTION There are some hundreds of vegetable and potato peeling farms in Finland. Disposal of untreated wastes generated through vegetable and potato can have a significant effect on the environment. One of the aims of the IPPC directive (96/61/EC) is to minimize waste discharges and pollution from farms to soils, waters, and air. Vegetables and potato processing enterprises in Finland are usually small and their resources are modest, for this reason they have inadequate systems to treat the complicated wastes and wastewaters generated by their operations. Furthermore, treatment of these wastes and wastewaters has to be on-farm-scale as the farms are usually situated far from each other. Another difficulty is with the use of biological processes due to cold climatic conditions in Finland. During the peeling process, 30–40% of the potatoes and vegetables become waste. In addition to this, some of the vegetables and potatoes are rejected during sorting. Waste generated by peeling commonly called peeling waste is very wet, with about 90% water content. There are different methods of handling wastewater generated during the peeling process. These include conveying of wastewaters to communal wastewater treatment plants, use of sequencing batch reactors, and the use of different kinds of filtration or sedimentation systems. Wastewaters can also be spread on agricultural fields. Peeling waste can be composted or anaerobically digested, or fed to production or game animals. Composting of peels is difficult because the waste is very wet and therefore it needs a large amount of bulking material. There are also some treatment methods that separate solid matter and water from the peel waste, and then the dryer solid Information and Technology for Sustainable Fruit and Vegetable Production FRUTIC 05, 12 – 16 September 2005, Montpel l ier France Post Harvest Technology 92 matter is easier to compost. The peels can be composted in drums or in compost piles. Drum composting has many advantages as the moisture, temperature, and oxygen conditions can be controlled. Composting in piles is a cheaper alternative but the method has problems as changing weather conditions affect the process. There is also the need for machines like a front loader to turn the compost. Before end-use, peel waste must be treated in order to destroy plant pests. The processes at composting facilities should be managed in such a way that the thermophilic temperature ranges are reached and a high level of biological activity are maintained over the composting period. This can be achieved when conditions are favourable with regard to humidity and nutrients, as well as with a suitable structure, which guarantees optimum air conductions. The water content should be 40-60%, the pH value about 7, and the carbon/nitrogen-ratio near 30. In the course of the composting process, the entire quantity of material treated must be exposed to a temperature of at least 40 C during the period, or alternatively to a temperature of 70 C for a period of one week (Hoitink and Poole 1980). Plant pathogens like Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor cause scleretonia disease of carrot and this is one of the most harmful storage diseases in vegetable farming. Plasmodiophora brassicae, which causes clubroot to the brassicas, is spread through the soil. The dormant spores of pest plants can survive in the soil for many years and may germinate when they find the right host plant. High temperature ranges in composting can destroy microbe-spreading pest of plants. Wetlands can also by used for treating potato wastes. Kadlec et al.(1997) and Burgoon et.al.(1999) have studied wetland treatment of potato processing waters in Washington and Oregon. In this study we evaluate the different kinds of methods used in treating wastes and wastewaters from vegetables and peeling plants. The aim is to find the most suitable method that can be used on farms. The study is still in progress. We present the preliminary results here. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed case studies on some farms in Finland. The major points of interest were the peeling processes used, the volume of water used, the quality of the wastewater, the wastewater treatment method, the efficiency of the purification systems, and the kind of peeling waste and its handling methods. Wastewater Wastewaters are generated from washing of the vegetables, peeling, and washing of the peeling machines. There are two main methods of peeling vegetables, dry peeling and wet peeling with water. There are big differences as to how these processes use water. The amount, concentration, nutrient, and organic matter content of the wastewater generated are very different depending on the method. The machines used are carborundum peeling machines and knife peeling machines. When vegetables are peeled with karborundum machines, the abrasive rollers generate fine and wet waste. The vacuolar fluid, which is very concentrated with organic matter and nutrients, gets into the wastewater. In the dry processes where knife peeling is used, wastes and wastewaters are easier to handle because wastewaters and solid materials are separated in the process. The most important principle in environmental protection is to minimize the use of water. To be able to recycle the wastewater generated from the peeling process, the dry matter should be separated from the water when possible. Hygienic factors must be taken into account at every stage of the process, especially when water usage is minimised. Information and Technology for Sustainable Fruit and Vegetable Production FRUTIC 05, 12 – 16 September 2005, Montpel l ier France Post Harvest Technology 93 The volume of water generated from the peeling process fluctuates a lot, usually the volume ranges between 1 and 50 m per day depending on the production volume. The concentrations of BOD7 (biochemical oxygen demand) of these wastewaters are usually very high, with BOD7 of 1000–7000 mgO2/L. The concentration of total nitrogen is usually 50–100 mg/L and that of total phosphorus 50–80 mg/L. Table 1. Wastewaters may also be spread on fields but according to the nitrate directive (91/676/EEC) this is prohibited during the wintertime as the soil is frozen. To be able to spread all the wastewater generated over the whole year on fields, the farms must have large containers to store the wastewaters half of the year during which the ground is frozen. The best way to handle wastewaters from the peeling process on a farm is to convey these waters to a communal wastewater treatment plant. A potential method of treating wastewaters on farm is by conveying them to biological-chemical wastewater treatment plants. These treatment plants usually achieve good removal efficiencies with respect to organic matter and nutrients. We studied two different on-farm-scale biological plants and one system where the wastewater is conveyed into an artificial pond. We grouped them into cases. Case A: This plant is on a farm where about 10 tonnes of carrots is peeled per week. In addition to this, other vegetables like onions and red beets are also peeled. About 10 tonnes of carrots are washed and bagged per week. About 7.5 m per day or 37.5 m per week of wastewater is generated from this production. The wastewater is piped through three sedimentation basins into an aeration reactor. The volume of this concrete reactor is 35 m and it is placed below ground level. A warm cubby is built above the reactor. Phosphorous is precipitated with ferrosulphate during the aeration. In addition, there is filtration field for the post-treatment of the wastewater. Fig 1 and 2. Case B: The farm generates 12 tonnes potato peels per week in addition to peels from carrots and other vegetables. About 7 m of wastewater per day is generated by the peeling process. Dry peeling is used. The wastewater is first transported to a sedimentation basin, after that to a 10 m container, in which a sedimentation chemical, Al2SO4, is added to precipitate particles in the wastewater. After sedimentation, the water is piped into a trickling filter, a container filled with plastic particles. The wastewater is trickled through plastic material. The micro-organisms in the wastewater attach themselves to the plastic particles, which are covered with bacteria. The bacteria breaks down the organic waste and remove pollutants from the wastewater. The containers are placed in a warm room in the same building where the vegetables are peeled. Fig. 3 and 4. Case C. On this farm, 8 tonnes of potatoes are peeled per week. The peeling method is dry and for that reason about 3 m of wastewater is produced per day. The wastewater is then conveyed to a sedimentation basin where phosphorous is precipitated by an aluminous polymer. The wastewater is acidic, and therefore the pH is adjusted with liquid lime. The wastewater is conveyed to a 60 m artificial pond (sedimentation pond). The wastewater remains in the pond for about 20 days.


The flow of oil‐in‐water emulsions through a constricted capillary tube was analyzed by experiments and theory. The experiments consisted of flow visualization and pressure drop measurements of the flow. A number of different emulsions were prepared using synthetic oils and deionized water. The average drop size varied from smaller to larger than the neck radius. Fluid mobility, defined as flow rate over pressure drop, was used to quantify the magnitude of the pore‐blocking caused by drops larger than the constriction radius. The effect of the interfacial tension and viscosity ratio between the two phases on the changes of the local mobility was determined by solving the free surface flow of an infinite oil drop immersed in water flowing through a constricted capillary tube by Finite Element Method.


Density function theory has been applied to alkyl radical reaction to get helpful data for its geometric parameters, energy, and vibrational frequency compared with results obtained by ab initio methods and experimental values. The geometry optimization of the transition state, the precursor complex and the successor complex were performed at the 6-311G* basis set level. The transition state of the CH4Cl system of the reaction computed was in agreement with the prediction of Benson. From analysis of the vibration frequency and the net charge on the atom of the precursor complex, transition state, successor complex and the isolated state, the reaction mechanism was derived which we complicated with the bond-rupture electron-transfer theory. The atom H in molecule HCl attacks the atom C, forming a transition state via the precursor complex and the electron transfer happens in the precursor complex. The reaction rate of the electron transfer determines the rate of the whole reaction to a certain extent, and active energy, electronic coupling matrix element, and reorganization energy were obtained. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001


This study aimed to determine the effect of learning methods and critical thinking skills toward the students' outcomes in the learning of history. This research is quantitative research using treatment design by level 2x2. The research data was taken from the observation, tests and questionnaires. The results showed that (1) learning of the history's outcomes of students using investigative group learning are better than learning of the history's outcomes using conventional teaching methods, (2) there is interaction between learning method and critical thinking ability toward learning of the history's outcomes of students; (3) learning of the history's outcomes of students using learning methods investigation group with high critical thinking skills are better than learners who learn using conventional learning methods, (4) learning of the history's outcomes of students using conventional teaching methods with low critical thinking skills are better than students using the investigative group learning method with the ability to think critically low. Theoretically, the results of this study can be used as a reference for developing teaching methods in teaching history in the high school. Furthermore, there is research that is expected to use different teaching methods with other independent variables that influence student learning of history's outcomes.


A high performance CMOS current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) is presented in this paper. The proposed circuit operates with the power supplies of ±0.75 V and consumes low power. HSPICE simulations show that the proposed CDBA provides better performance in nearly all parameters than the previous ones. As an application example, a second-order notch filter is chosen from the literature to demonstrate the performance of the proposed circuit.


The invention relates to a touch screen technology and discloses a production process for a capacitive touch screen. The production process comprises the following steps of S301 cutting; S302 covering a dry film; S303 exposing and curing a dry film layer; S304 developing a copper film pattern in a non-touch area; S305 etching a copper film layer; S306 cleaning the dry film; S307 covering the dry film again; S308 transferring circuit line diagrams; S309 developing circuit patterns; and S310 etching circuit lines. According to the capacitive touch screen prepared by the production process, a minimum width of a space between the circuit lines of the copper film layer reaches 0.05 mm, and in comparison with the existing space between the circuit lines, the space is greatly reduced, so that the touch screen with a narrow frame can be produced; meanwhile, the circuit line diagrams on the copper film layer and the indium-tin-oxide film layer are transferred at one time and are synchronously etched, the lines of the non-touch area and electrode patterns of a touch area are subjected to chemical etching twice without interference on each other, so that the yield of products is improved, the production process is simplified and the production efficiency is greatly improved.


Objective
To determine the effect of willed movement on the expression of Nogo-A and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) in adult rats with cerebral ischemia.

Methods
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h, followed by a 24 h reperfusion in 54 adult rats and the degree of their neurological deficit was evaluated using Longa scale. They were then divided randomly into 3 groups, namely the MCAO group, the environmental modification (EM) group, and the willed movement (WM) group. The rats of MCAO group were raised in a regular breeding box, where they could get food and water freely. Meanwhile, those of the other two groups were raised in a homemade box. For the WM group, the water bottle and food were located on the roof of the homemade box. In each group, six rats were killed on day 3, 7 and 15 after reperfusion and their neurological deficits were evaluated respectively. Immunohistochemistry assay was employed to examine the expression of Nogo-A and ROCK in the brain tissue around the ischemic foci.

Results
The rats of the WM group showed lessened neurological deficits on day 15 compared with the model and EM group. Their expression of Nogo-A decreases from(28.92±2.17)/hpf on day 7 to (24.38±2.29)/hpf on day 15 and that of ROCK did from (40.03±2.14)/hpf to (38.08±2.07)/ hpf, lower than those of the model and EM group. However, no significant differences were found in the expression of Nogo-A and ROCK between the model group and EM group at any time points.

Conclusion
Willed movement could promote the functional recovery of neurological deficits in rats with ischemia after reperfusion, which is probably in relation to restrained expression of Nogo-A and Rho-associated in the tissue around the brain ischemic foci.

Key words:
Willed movement; Cerebral ischemia; Nogo-A; Rho-associated kinase


Non-governmental organizations, especially non-profit organizations, have a very important
role in society. These organizations are an integral part of all developed democratic societies, being a
kind of institutionalized form of civil society and fulfilling important social, economic and political tasks in
society by means of providing services. The mission of social work is provision of social services to
individuals, families, groups or communities. This paper illustrates significance, methods of fundraising
and funding in non-profit organizations of social services. The theoretical part is focused on the terms
regarding to non-profit organizations of social services, fundraising and funding of the non-profit
organizations. In the research part are evaluated the used methods of fundraising and financial sources
of non-governmental unprofitable organizations engaged in the social work in the district of Moravian-
Silesian.


: Dicyandiamide is a dimer of cyanamide that generally isomerizes into imino and amino forms. The behaviors of tautomeric dicyandiamide adsorbed on gold surface were studied by the density functional theory method combined with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). By using DFT method the energies, molecular orbital, vibration spectral information of imino and amino forms of dicyandiamide and the SERS spectra of tautomeric dicyandiamide adsorbed on Au clusters were given. The results show that both tautomeric dicyandiamides form stable complexes with Au 3 clusters, and the N(2) atom preferentially adsorbs on Au clusters. The experimental results are consistent with the calculated results, which show that the tautomeric dicyandiamides coexist on the Au substrate, are adsorbed vertically on the gold surface through the N(2) atom, and the SERS enhancement factors conform to electromagnetic-field enhancement mechanism.


This paper proposes a stochastic traffic capacity estimation model developed by applying a macroscopic traffic flow model which is obtained from a generalized car following equation, i.e., GM model. The proposed model can estimate the covariance among the traffic capacities that has not been addressed in the literature as well as the distribution of the traffic capacity. The sources of the stochastic capacity addressed in the model are unknown parameters that are not introduced into the car following equation model, and the randomness of the calibration parameters that are introduced in the model. Then, the stochastic traffic capacities in summer and winter seasons are actually estimated by using the traffic data that have been collected by video camera set along Route 230 in Hokkaido, Japan. The estimated stochastic traffic capacities are finally applied to a user equilibrium assignment model under stochastic traffic capacity that has been proposed in Uchida (23) for examining the effect of the stochastic traffic capacity on the network travel time.


The Project of Thesis, Proposed for the execution of an Integral Self-sufficient Farm, which optimizes the Agricultural production of The Estate "Las Palmas", has as principal aim of elaborating an administrative and economic offer, for the implementation of an integral self-sufficient and profitable farm of the estate, to optimize the managing of the resources of the agricultural production of the same one and to treat of that he is a model for the majority of productive agricultural existing units in the way. Stimulating a culture of planning and structure of sustainable strategies in the sector, generating this way profitable UPAS in a harmonious environment between actors and his ecosystem.
The techniques used in this study was the direct observation, interview and signingalso variables to assess used was to conduct a SWOT diagnosis, to know the strengths, weaknesses and the opportunities and Threats, as well as to apply the financial diagnosis, to know across the static and dynamic analysis his financial current position a financial plan to present identical future to his activities. Information that after being systematized, allowed to realize the future projection of the estate, taking in counts the best alternatives of development and the current reality of the same one, his possibilities of debt and profitability, improving and extending the production in the most priority fields, since it will be possible demonstrate in the different results of the work.
The results demonstrate the need of changes in the productivity of the Estate, of an integral way, since there is verified that the income is not good, which podris to get improved with improvements in his production.
One concludes that the offer and execution of integral estates need a meticulous analysis of all the resources of the estate; hereby to project the actions that allow the integration and for ende better production.
There is recommended the execution of this offer since it is focused on the reality of the Estate and in whose intentions were canalizing the different aspects in the managing of the productivity, which guarantees in the future his sustainability of an integral and efficient way.


In many college students′ psychological problems,the most outstanding is human relation problem.The causes of their personal relationship problems are analyzed,such as the inconformity of physical and mental development,cognitive impairment,self adjusting confusion and the lack of family and school education.Based on these,the corresponding solutions are put forward,and so as to guide students better handling interpersonal relationships and promote their mental health development,then for their future career development laying good foundation.


Lock-in thermography (LIT), which is a standard tool in nondestructive testing (NDT), is also very advantageous for electronic device testing (EDT). In this contribution the special points of view of LIT applied in EDT are reviewed. For example, in EDT the power generation is usually not sinusoidal but square-shaped (on / off), and the lock-in correlation is gegerally synchronized to the frame rate of the IR camera. As for NDT the display of the phase image suppresses the emissivity contrast, but in EDT also the display of the 0° image or the -90° image may be advantageous. A novel kind of the realization of synchroneous undersampling is described.


Why computers are not yet used in the early phases of architectural design? This question requires a closer examination of the sketching process itself. Looking it from the hermeneutical point of view, it becomes quite obvious that sketching really is and probably should remain the last fortress resisting the computerization of design. Sketching is an intimate dialogue between drawings and language. It is a dynamic and circular process of understanding. Also its intrinsic methods to search solutions cause wicked problems for computer programming. Nevertheless, computers could be used more for assisting sketching. Their proper role would be in validating tentative solutions.


ABSTRACT Objectives : Ontology is a good tool to represent the knowledge and has developed for Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) in Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. There are a lot of TKM terms, which have a complex meaning, especially major indication terms of medicinal treatment and terms of symptom and disease. These complex meaning terms result in the low linkage between major indication terms of medicinal treatment and terms of symptom and disease in TKM ontology. We studied to enhance the percentage of the linkage among those data in TKM ontology. Methods : We disassembled major indication terms of medicinal treatment into minimum meaning units and then linked them to enhance the percentage of the linkage among medicinal material, formula and disease ontology based on Traditional Korean Medicine. To retain objectivity, several experts of Korean Medicine used a web- based tool that supports users in refining terms and disassembling them into the minimum meaning efficiently. Results : The outcome shows that the percentage of the linkage among medicinal material, formula and disease ontology increased. By linking disassembled major indication terms to symptoms and diseases, the amount of


A fragile watermarking algorithm based on a chaotic system is proposed for color image authentication,it divides the image into non-overlapped blocks,calculates the luminance of each block to decide the embedding depth and the length of chaotic sequence.For each pixel,an initial value is determined based on its prominent chrominance value,the position index,and the image protection key.Watermarking sequence is embedded into the embedding space of R,G,B respectively.Then it detects the temper by comparing the extracted watermarking and the produced one,so the error image is attained.Theoretical analysis and experiment result show that this algorithm to be in high quality and locate the tamper position exactly.


Information and communication technology is used in all areas of human life, including in a company. Utilization of technology aims to improve employee performance. In addition, employee performance is believed to be related to their ability to carry out interpersonal communication activities. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the use of information technology and interpersonal communication skills on employee performance . This analysis is used to test the relationship between independent variables namely the use of information technology (X1), interpersonal communication skills (X2) with the dependent variable namely employee performance (Y). Likert scale as the assessment scale used. The number of samples used was 58 respondents with saturated sampling techniques. This research method uses multiple regression analysis. Data obtained by distributing questionnaires. Based on the results of this study indicate that the variable use of information technology and interpersonal communication skills have a positive  effect on employee performance.


Caracas, Venezuela: The recent protests in Venezuela have made international headlines. Much of the foreign media coverage has distorted the reality of my country and the facts surrounding the events.


Two production methods of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets were compared, and the effect of heat treatment (НТ) regimes on magnetic properties of these magnets was studied. Sintered (Nd,Dy)-Fe-В magnets with ~3 wt.% Dy were prepared using method of single alloy and method of "mixtures" which means the mixing of powders of a basic alloy whose composition is close to the Nd2Fe14B composition and additional low-melting Dy/Cobased alloy. Two types of post-sintering HT were used. The HT1 consists in the cooling from 950 o C to the aging temperature (Tag), 5-min aging at Tag and cooling to RT. The HT2 consists in the cooling from 950 o C to RT, repeated heating up to Tag, 5-min aging and cooling to RT. It was shown that the HT regimes affect substantially the coercive force of both types of magnets. It was also found that the aging-temperature dependences Hci(Tag) corresponding to regimes of HT1 and HT2 differ markedly. An analysis of these dependences has revealed some phase microstructure transformations occurring in magnets in a temperature range of 400 – 600 o C.


Gait phase estimation is important technology in controlling the exoskeleton robot to assist elderly walking. Several kinds of Gait estimation methods have been proposed, however, the previously proposed methods were mainly aiming at one kind of walking task, e.g., level ground walking. There are only a few studies aiming at continuous gait phase estimation during continuous multilocomotion tasks. In this article, we design a continuous gait phase estimator based on adaptive oscillator (AO) network. In order to overcome the problem that the traditional AO does not converge or converges slowly when the gait task is switching, a new structure of gait phase estimator, including a gait tasks classifier, an AO reset, a peak detector, and a model-based (MB) transition gait phase estimator is designed to improve the performance of AOs network. The switching unit is designed to reorganize the output gait phase. Considering the stabilization of the sensors in continuous multilocomotion tasks, the gait tasks classifier only utilizes the angle of hip joints. The results show that the constructed classifier has similar performance to other gait tasks classifiers and requires minimum sensing sources. The continuous gait phase estimation results during continuous multilocomotion tasks show that the proposed method has better performance than the traditional AO and the AO network with self-designed reset.


By sampling 7 norms of the physical shape of 840 elderly Uygurs South Xinjiang,the papers reveals the dynamics of the physical shape of the elderly Uygours in terms of chanses,develping trends, difference,and their reasons,this study may supply the scientific data on the changes and the criteria for physical shape measurement of the elderly Uygur of Xinjiang constitutions in Uygour adults.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how and why teachers use historical fiction in their classroom (e.g. selection and instruction) through the lenses of their pedagogical content knowledge (Shulman, 1986) and pedagogical tools (Grossman et al., 1999).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors explored the following questions: In what ways do elementary school teachers, more specifically fifth grade teachers responsible for early US history as part of their social studies curriculum, use historical fiction in their classrooms? and What factors do elementary school teachers consider when they select historical fiction to use in their classrooms? In order to explore these questions, the authors interviewed eight fifth grade teachers. The authors describe the ways in which these teachers use historical fiction as part of their social studies instruction by employing collective case study (Stake, 1994).

Findings
This study has reified this notion that historical fiction is widely used by fifth grade teachers. The authors identified that these teachers are choosing texts that allow them to integrate their language arts and social studies instruction in effective and engaging ways. Many participants described choosing the texts purposefully to address social studies standards during their language arts time. Despite many of these teachers using prescribed curricula for language arts instruction and following state standards for social studies, the teachers in this study felt free to make curricular decisions related to integration. Most importantly, when given this freedom, they chose to integrate purposefully with quality texts.

Research limitations/implications
The primary limitation of this research study is the small sample size (n=8). However among the eight teacher participants, there are two states are represented, varied teaching contexts (e.g. departmentalized, self-contained classrooms), and many years of classroom social studies teaching experience.

Originality/value
The Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts (CCSS) (Council of Chief State School Officers and the National Governors Association, 2010) have prompted teachers to present both informational text and literature in equal balance in upper elementary grades. Little research has been done in the last decade about the ways in which historical fiction addresses these standards.


The field of logistics and transport operates with large amounts of data. The transformation of such arrays into knowledge and processing using machine learning methods will help to find additional reserves for optimizing transport and logistics processes and supply chains. This article analyses the possibilities and prospects for the application of machine learning and geospatial knowledge in the field of logistics and transport using specific examples. The long-term impact of geospatial-based artificial intelligence systems on such processes as procurement, delivery, inventory management, maintenance, customer interaction is considered.


The aim of this article is to summarize the experience of higher education governancereforms in Slovakia, which were taking place along with the processes of social and politicaltransitions of the country, its integration paths towards the European Union anddevelopment of the European Higher Education Area, which is highly important in thecontext of reforming of the national system of higher education. We analyzed the legalframework in higher education in Slovakia and ways of decentralization and democratizationin governance for 15 years (1990-2015). The main characteristics of the CzechoslovakiaLaw on Higher Education adopted in 1990 are the following: demonopolization, decentralization of governance, and particularly on the university level, i.e. guarantyingof the academic freedoms and rights, increasing the autonomy and legal entity rights forthe faculty, etc. We analyzed complex process of further reforms held during the 1990-2002, which was culminated by the adoption of the new Law on Higher Education in 2002.Key changes were implemented in the system and institutions, including granting biggerfinancial autonomy to universities (immovable property ownership rights) and the participationof external board in the university management (Board of Trustees). The studyis based on the authentic sources: the legal framework of higher education and researchesof Slovak academics. Author described the system of governance in higher education: authorityof the state (Government, Ministry) and their influence on the university performance.The participation and the role of academic stakeholders is revealed in highereducation governance and development of educational policy in the Slovak Republic. Slovakia'sexperience is considered to be a good practice in higher education governance,particularly temporary measures in the transformation and democratization period.


Hepatitis B and C viruses, although in their genomic structure are very different, share several characteristics. Both can induce acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and progression to cirrhosis having oncogenic capacity related to the development of hepatocellular cancer, both are associated with systemic autoimmune manifestations and, both B virus (genome DNA) and C virus (genome RNA) have the ability to avoid immune response of the infected host [1,2].


The quantitative numerical model developed previously for studying the double-front detonation (DFD) structure is used to analyze the influence of various parameters on the occurrence of DFD in two-phase mixtures of a detonable gas with aluminium particles in suspension. The role played by the gaseous composition, the losses to the tube walls, and the mechanism of aluminium burning are particularly examined. Results of computations confirm the experimental observations and the theoretical predictions.


Lack of motivation and interest among dental clinic employees is a frequent problem facing the dental health professional who heads it. The present article proposes some techniques aimed at integrating personnel and improving their performance.


As the number of devices which could be potentially connected to the Internet scales up, as the amount of traffic generated by these devices will explode, it is necessary to reconsider the underlying protocols which will support the Internet of Things. The request/response semantics of CCN are well suited to the retrieving data from a set of sensors and we consider here the deployment of CCN to retrieve missing objects in a distributed environment. We developed a demonstrator of it as a proof-of-concept. We then consider the scalability of such system and demonstrate how the combination of a Bloom Filter mechanism in addition to the CCN primitives allow for a very scalable deployment of an object retrieval function.


Hydroponically grown loquat seedlings were subjected to increasing NaCl concentrations (0, 12, 24, and 48 mM) for 42 d. At the whole plant level, Na+ and Cl- accumulated proportionally to the salt treatments; however, Na+ accumulated prevalently in leaves whilst Cl- accumulated prevalently in stems. Reduction of leaf biomass was only observed in seedlings grown with 48 mM NaCl, whereas net photosynthesis declined along with increasing NaCl concentration and salinity led to general accumulation of glucose, reduction of mannitol and sorbitol, and changes in pigment composition in loquat leaves. Increasing level of salinity induced accumulations of both proline and H2O2 but not of malondialdehyde byproducts. Dramatic alteration of sugar patterns in the leaves poses serious concerns about possible effects of salinity to fruit production. Further research is necessary to investigate the concentration at which NaCl significantly compromises the yield of this economically important fruit species.


The structure and the load-carrying capability of the front board of injection molding machine are more complex. The error of the approximation algorithm employed in engineering is larger so that the board may become invalid in the process of using, The finite element analysis can obtain the stress distribution in the parts so as to improve the accuracy of calculation and the quality of design; through The topology optimization analysis will take the initiative to find the optimal plan, which provides the theoretical basis for the improvement of the load-carrying capability and the structure design of board. This paper have conducted a parametric design, finite element analysis and the topology optimization design for a motional board of the injection molding machine using "Advanced simulation" of NX8.0, and get a quantitative conclusion of that the motional board volume is reduced and its stiffness is significantly enhanced.


. High School is a key period for students to form their outlook on life, world view and values. The integration of curriculum ideological and political education into high school English class can enable students to understand different cultures, strengthen cultural self-confidence, export excellent Chinese culture, and improve cross-cultural communication skills while learning knowledge. Therefore, this paper summed the strategies of integrating curriculum ideological and political education into high school English classrooms so as to realize the educational function of English subjects.


What would the criminal law look like if we took retributivist principles very seriously? In this engagingly written, lively, philosophically astute book, the authors-Larry Alexander and Kimberly Kessler Ferzan, with contributions by Stephen J. Morse-provide a controversial set of answers. Whether a criminal act does or does not result in harm should not affect the actor's punishment (p 171). Only the last act of risk creation should suffice for liability (p 197). Conscious awareness of risk should always be necessary (pp 70-71). And all of criminal law, every category of mens rea and actus reus, should be reduced to the following single idea: Do not be reckless; do not knowingly take risks that are clearly unjustifiable in light of your reasons for taking those risks (p 263). Few scholars and even fewer legislators will be persuaded, but that is of no moment. The authors have developed a set of arguments of remarkable breadth, depth, and originality. The arguments are fleshed out with terrific, vivid illustrations. The analysis is subtle and penetrating but leavened with playful humor. The authors are also brutally honest about the extreme implications of their positions. Indeed, they seem to relish these contrarian and radical repercussions, as we will see. I have no doubt that the book will be grist for the mill of criminal law theorists for many years to come. In Part I of this Review, I briefly summarize the authors' most controversial claims, and also flag a few of their many intriguing secondary assertions. In Part II, I step back to examine the wider picture and ask whether, and to what extent, the authors are consequentialists in retributivist clothing. Part III turns to the authors' analysis of recklessness, and investigates two critical questions: Can recklessness real-


Open government data offers great potential for innovation and growth in various sectors of societal life. The use of open data is expected to power the development of new or enhanced services and ...


In this paper, a new electronic hardware and algorithms enabling discrimination between neutron and gamma in plastic scintillators together with the first associated experimental results, are presented. This electronic platform is mainly based onto a quad 200 MHz ADCs. Using phase rotating, it is possible to sample the signal up to 800 MHz equivalent, with 8 bits precision. This sampling frequency allows a real time signal processing. Despite all previous work, we have shown during this study that it is possible to discriminate neutron from gamma in plastic scintillators even for low energy neutrons (less than 10 MeV). Two patents have been accepted and registered; the first deals with the intrinsic signal processing and the second with thermal stabilization methods of photomultiplier tubes. The system could be used up to 100 000 events per second (both gamma and neutron). This system is currently dedicated to homeland security devices; this is due to its response time (in the order of 1 up to 3 seconds). The next step is to implement the thermal stabilization algorithm in the FPGA and microcontroller to obtain a global system free from any trouble caused by the environment thermal variations. This aspect of the research is crucial for measurements in the field. The time response should also be improved to make it a reliable alternative to Helium-3 shortage for neutron detection at borders checkpoint.


Please cite this article as: Ibarra A., Olli K., Pasman W., Hendriks H., Alhoniemi E., Raza G.S., Herzig K.-H. & Tiihonen K., Effects of polydextrose with breakfast or with a midmorning preload on food intake and other appetite-related parameters in healthy normal-weight and overweight females: An acute, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover study, Appetite (2017), doi: 10.1016/ j.appet.2016.12.002.


This article introduces the application of enhanced heat transfer technology in cracking heater,and takes coils with twisted tape inserts as an example to analyze the principle of enhanced heat transfer.The actual operating data of cracking heaters in the ethylene plants at SINOPEC Tianjin Branch and SINOPEC Yanshan Company demonstrates the superiorities and international competitive power of domestic enhanced heat transfer technology.


The present monograph on psychophysiological aspects of cancer follows three years after the previous, and first, monograph on this topic, and in many ways serves as its continuation. The first conference succeeded in bringing together evidence from many quarters demonstrating unequivocally that malignant processes are related to certain psychosocial conditions and psychodynamic states. However, the physiological processes mediating among experiential, affective, and coping processes on the one hand, and the physiological, biochemical, and immunological processes related to the malignant development, on the other, were not clearly elucidated. In brief, the first work demonstrated that an empirical relationship does exist between psychological states and malignancies, but did not investigate how these relationships are mediated. That is the task of the present conference. Here, we wish to initiate a careful mapping of the physiological, biochemical, hormonal, immunological, and other processes that may mediate the psychological states that have been observed to antecede onset of clinical cancer. The search for cross-relationships between different levels of investigation inevitably raises basic theoretical questions. One of these questions is whether it is possible to conceptualize somatic and psychological phenomena within one model, relating them to each other in a meaningful way. Although the mind-body problem is as old as science itself, and would require several conferences just to be properly presented, it was obvious at the end of our first conference that the participants were able to work with somatic and psychological concepts within a single theoretical construct without feeling too uncomfortable. There was a reasonable amount of agreement that the old-fashioned dualistic, or multifactorial, interactive concepts were too narrow and rigid for our purpose, and that in general, a monistic approach such as Grinker's field theory would be required as an effective working model. Grinker himself expressed it thusly: "We have, I hope, abandoned the convenient but restricted and artificial twofoci correlations linking single factors in causality of disease processes. Hence, we need no longer argue whether a disease is caused by heredity, constitution, disordered chemistry or physiology, infection, trauma or repressed pathogenic emotions. We are no longer concerned with such either-or single-factor polarities but currently attempt to map out the widest possible ranges of conditions, all of which in some way and at some time, seem to be implicated in a dynamic chain of causes and effects." (1966a, p. 876) Other participants in the first conference (1966), such as Reiser, Margolin, Rakoff, and I, also addressed ourselves to basic psychosomatic issues, and introduced encompassing working models that will allow for heuristic psychosomatic formulations. Now I shall


To estimate the effort of agile development projects effectively,the effort estimation model is proposed based on artificial neural network.There are some noise data and error data during the dataset after processing and analyzing.And there is the complex nonlinear relationship between effort and effort estimation factors,so the suited effort estimation model is built based on artificial neural network,and it is proved that the model has good performance.


Lecturers adapt to technology rises because the industries have improved business practices and implemented process changes to become more sustainable. The technological innovations can be generated by research projects that can yield useful innovations in industry. Lecture's research in higher education becomes a fundamental need that must be managed sustainability. The policy and strategy in research between higher education and industry will enhance the quality and sustainability of higher education. The concept of research management in virtual organization adopted from a triangular model that related to higher education, industry, and government. The relationship can serve as a model that can adapt technology in industries and develope lecture's knowledge. The research management in virtual organization used in this research is employing direct observation for problem identification and assigning the Internet service requirement and the availability of hardware and software resources. Developing lecture's knowledge by considering polytechnic's lecture becomes the main objective. The implementation of research management in virtual organization allows (1) industry'publish project themes, (2) lecturers can download the project themes as idea, and (3) lecturers submit proposal documents. The data survey are processed with the correlation, scale reliability, and validity analysis by using SPSS 16.0. Based on data survey result, the all indicators of lectiure's knowledge development have positive values and significant correlations.


As an academic researcher, I found the relative lack of references a bit frustrating but this is perhaps a minor quibble. That said, many interesting and important data analysis issues are discussed, such as descriptive analysis as the necessary start of the process, effect sizes over p-values, and the importance of theory, and of theory-building in quantitative research. There are so many things that could be covered in such a book, that it is unsurprising that some things are left untouched – for example, it would have been interesting to see a consideration of the sample versus population arguments that some argue render statistical hypothesis testing irrelevant when using administrative datasets where the whole population has been "sampled" (Gibbs, Shafer, and Miles 2017). Another issue that could have been considered would be the potential contribution of mixed methods to a quantitative secondary data analysis, and the issues that might then arise. This would certainly be a useful book to support an introductory undergraduate quantitative analysis course for any social science discipline, including in education, even though the examples are not generally focussed on education-specific datasets. The book dips into a number of important issues that could be used to open up meaningful discussion of key issues in quantitative data analysis and to help teach the strengths and pitfalls of using secondary data sets in research. Its unique approach, focussing on secondary data and related issues, certainly complements other well-known, perhaps more methods-focussed, SPSS-based books such as those of Andy Field (2013) and Julie Pallant (2010).


Abstract The concept of a composed product for univariate polynomials has been explored oextensively by Brawley, Brown, Carlitz, Gao, Mills et al. Starting with these fundamental ideas and using fractional power series representation of bivariate polynomials, the current authors Mills and Neuerburg [Mills, D., Neuerburg, K. M. A bivariate analogue to the composed product of polynomials. Algebra Colloquium (to appear)] generalize the univariate results by defining and investigating a bivariate composed sum, composed multiplication, and composed product (based on function composition) for certain classes of bivariate polynomials. In this, the sequel, we extend the generalizations to certain classes of multivariate polynomials, written as f(x 1,…,x n ), over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In particular, we consider a composed sum and composed multiplication defined on the class of quasiordinary polynomials. We then consider what algebraic structure is imposed by these operations. Next, we consider a generalization of the geometry associated with the class of ν-quasiordinary polynomials. Finally, we utilize this geometry to show that an algorithm given by Gao and Lauder [Gao, S., Lauder, A. G. B. (2001). Decomposition of polytopes and polynomials. Discrete Comput. Geom. 26(1):89–104] to determine whether a given bivariate polynomial is absolutely irreducible over a given field can be used to ascertain whether a given trivariate polynomial that factors completely in one variable decomposes according to the composed multiplication operation.


This chapter gives an account of what unifies the diverse list of instances of incoherence. In so doing, it defends a biconditional test for when a combination of attitudinal mental states is incoherent. On the view defended, roughly, a set of states is incoherent iff it's constitutive of these states that any agent who has them together necessarily has some disposition, when conditions of full transparency are met, to revise them. The chapter also relates the view it defends to constitutivism, according to which mental states are (at least partly) constituted by the norms that govern them, and to the view that rationality is a precondition of interpretation. It also explains how, even on the account offered, it is possible to be incoherent, and defends the contention that instances of incoherence in the sense identified are thereby instances of (structural) irrationality.


A system has been developed allowing the direct storage on disc of size data from the X-ray scanning settling tube SediGraph 5000ET. Processing of the cumulative percentage data output to produce smooth frequency curves is described. This allows rapid (15 min) and precise (±M 0.1o) discrimination of size modes, peak heights, median and silt and clay percentages of fine-grained sediments. An example of a mud turbidite is given showing systematic changes in bulk and modal properties, not visible by eye. Lack of size segregation in the > 1 m thickness of this turbidite shows that it may have been deposited from a highly concentrated flow, rather than from a dilute, waning turbidity current. Such flows may explain ungraded/poorly graded, muddy sediments also known as homogenites, unifites or megaturbidites by other authors.


X ray source GX341-6 with soft spectrum detected in Aras constellation by Aerobee rocket, including neighboring X ray sources in determining galactic coordinates, positions and fluxes


ment in their interpretation of a Gospel incident. When this is so, do we have the right to go beyond the plain clues they give, and see many occult allusions to Old Testament passages which they in no way point out are in their mind? It is hard for this reviewer to believe that the Gospel of Mark is as artificially symbolic as this work suggests, with words, numbers, relationships conveying intricate meanings which seem to turn it into a theological crossword puzzle or artificial theological mystery story. If the interpretation of Mark given in this book is correct, then Mark seems to me to be placed in a similar category with works like Alice in Wonderland, save that the Holy Spirit rather than Lewis Carroll has given it its pattern. I had the impression again and again that the book was worked out rather like one works out patterns in the clouds by lying on his back and imagining forms and shapes which the ever shifting fleecy travellers across the sky suggest to the imagination. This is all very interesting, but does it have any relationship to reality? The work smacks, too, of the high church sacramentarianism which is increasingly coloring the interpretation of the Bible. Is this trend suggested by the Bible, or does one find what he looks for? Is this work a significant harbinger of something new in the interpretation of the Bible? Or is it the artificial allegorism of ancient Alexandria in modern dress? The reviewer suspects the latter, but cannot be sure enough to dogmatize. The reader must read this amazing book, and decide for himself. It will assuredly be no waste of his time. -^ p u DONALD G. MILLER


Turbulent flows over a forward-facing ramp (FFR) were investigated using numerical methods. The present direct numerical simulations (DNS) were conducted under conditions with approaching wind directions from 0◦ to 45◦ in 15◦ increments in order to examine flow features and the effect of inflow yaw angle. A spatially developed turbulent inflow was generated by applying a recycle boundary condition. Reynolds number was 2000, based on ramp height and bulk mean velocity of the oncoming flow. The 45◦ ramp is assumed to be infinitely extended in the spanwise direction. DNS results show quantitative turbulence statistics and structures of boundary layer flows over a FFR. Introduction The study of a flow separating from the surface of a solid body, and characteristics of flow fields that develop as a result of the separation, are among the most fundamental and difficult problems of fluid dynamics. Flow separation is always expected at the salient edge of a bluff body, regardless of whether the boundary layer is laminar or turbulent. In the past there have been numerous studies [3, 12, 4, 10, 8, 11] dealing with separated-reattached flow over a forward-facing step (FFS). Despite the significant efforts made to understand such flows, very little effort has been directed towards a yawed flow over a forward-facing ramp (FFR). The proposed research is an investigation of turbulent flow over a FFR using direct numerical simulation. The engineering motivation of this work is to understand the topographical effects on underlying mechanism and detailed near-wall turbulent statistics, thus aiding the wind energy industry in establishing guidelines for turbine siting on escarpments. An equally important aspect is to investigate yaw effects on turbulence structure downstream of the flow separation zone. Method The governing equation used in the DNS is the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation without buoyancy terms is, ∇ ·u∗ = 0,∂tu+(u ·∇)u∗ =− 1 ρ ∇p∗+ν∇2u∗+ f, (1) where u∗ = [u,v,w]T is the velocity vector, ρ is density, p∗ is pressure, ν is kinematic viscosity and f is body force per unit mass of the flow. f is introduced so that average flow rate will be constant. By prescribing a spanwise f we could introduce a spanwise flow rate, thus achieving a yawed inflow. With the non-dimensional case, new variables are achieved using the free-stream velocity U∞, and escarpment height H: ∂tu+(u.∇)u =−∇p+Re−1 H ∇ 2u+ f, (2) where ReH=U∞H/ν is the Reynolds number, p = p∗/ρU∞2 is static pressure. The present DNS based on the spectral element method is carried out under conditions of constant Reynolds numbers based on the free stream bulk velocity, U∞ and the height of the ramp, H. The ramp height is set to 1/5 of the boundary layer thickness. The detailed computational conditions are indicated in Table 1, which includes the Reynolds number and domain information. ReH 2000 ramp slope 45◦ domain size (x× y× z) 62H×5H×4πH yaw angles(α) 0◦, 15◦, 30◦, 45◦ Table 1. Computational conditions. The flow with a moderate yaw angle, i.e. β 6 45◦, over an escarpment is sketched in Figure 1. When f has a spanwise component, a considerable cross flow can develop over time, resulting in a skewed mean velocity profile. The boundary conditions for the velocity field are the non-slip conditions on the walls, and free-slip on the upper boundary. A special kind of boundary condition is prescribed at the inlet of the main simulation part to generate a spatially developed turbulent inflow, where the velocity field is duplicated at location 27H downstream of the inlet. This section was initialized from a turbulent open channel flow with the same size, known as the development part. It is a variation of the method for generation of turbulent inflows proposed by [6], here is referred to as recycled boundary condition. Periodicity is applied in the spanwise direction. Domain length and width are tested using two-point correlations, the correlation curves fall off towards zero indicating convergence is achieved. Therefore, current dimensions are considered to be adequate for the objectives of the present work. recycle Development part Main simulation part y


During his stay in Haiti, the land of Voodoo and a painters' retreat, Alejo Carpentier was inspired by a feeling of marvellous reality. J. S. Alexis' style of baroque alchemy gave rise to the so-called marvellous realism. But within the context of a didactic social realism, this type of perception is obscured by a dazzling symbolic transfiguration. Only the function of seeing matters, as it has the power to create a national literary space and to devote the encounter with the other to a shared vision. If the haitian sensibility can be defined as the cross between the supernatural and humour, the haitian writer nevertheless must face the difficulty of describing a land in which the fairy-like enchantement cannot match the political and economic tragedy of everyday life. The diversity of the Haitian novel originates in the permanent questioning of mimesis, and the exploration of visual processes gives evidence of a specular writing that is as much about the subject's visibility as about the inscribing of the island in a poetics of hybridity.


Historians of Reconstruction agree that comprehension of this pivotal era is crucial to understanding the history of the United States. These authors are no exception, reminding us how firmly we remain fixed in Reconstruction's arc. These books address issues that remain germane to the ongoing journey set in motion by the revolution of emancipation. Chief among these legacies are the significance of and connections between violence, democracy, race, and federal power. The influence that African Americans wielded over these questions informs each investigation. These books intervene in the dominant interpretations of the past halfcentury. Was Reconstruction a failure? Has emphasis on Reconstruction's manifold democratic limitations and its portrayal as tragic obscured the accomplishments of freedpeople and their allies? Should Reconstruction instead be regarded as America's first progressive era, defined by a crusade for democracy? Should we emphasize a "long Reconstruction" in the tradition of the "unfinished revolution" paradigm, rather than a "long civil rights movement"? Periodization is also up for grabs. When and why did Reconstruction end? Were Redemption and Jim Crow radical breaks from Reconstruction


The potential usage of neem seeds as an agent for control of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) was investigated under semi-field conditions. Evaluation was based on the systemic growth regulatory, antifeedant and lethal actions of the neem seed. The study showed that the neem seeds, which were tested using two different doses (0.25 and 0.50 g) have a considerable effect on the immature stage of desert locust when applied as seed dressing and dusting of soil inversely treated with the increase of the dose. The study also showed that neem seeds have the potentiality to suppress feeding of the locusts (2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5 Instar). The response was dose related and the effect surpassed that induced by the standard systemic insecticide


Gravitational instabilities (GIs) are spiral distortions in a self-gravitating disk that appear wherever the local surface density and temperature become favorable for their growth. The restructuring of the disk as it becomes unstable, the thermal processes that sustain the instabilities, and their effect on the long-term evolution of the disk are the studied using 3-D hydrodynamic simulations. These show that the cooling and heating processes balance each other, and as a result the disk asymptotes to quasi-equilibrium within a few orbital periods after the GI onset. The final values of the internal energy and the Toomre Q are independent of cooling time, while the asymptotic mass transport rates are inversely proportional to the cooling time. The formation of dense rings is common in these simulations. GIs fragment into clumps when the cooling time is on the order of the local orbital time, but the clumps are short-lived. External radiation can affect the evolution considerably. GIs are an effective angular momentum and mass transport mechanism, and during their onset, they can reproduce the mass transport rates necessary to trigger FU Ori outbursts.


This paper presents an overview of projects carried out in Albania for the construction of new highways, where the use of steel products and geosynthetic materials has been successfully applied. It gives full details on the design criteria adopted for the use of reinforcements with different mechanical properties for the construction of two important road infrastructures: the Albania Motorway Project, from Rreshen to Kalimash across difficult mountainous terrain, where 30 walls were constructed by combining double twist steel wire mesh gabion facia with its tail extended as secondary reinforcement and high strength polyester geogrids as primary soil reinforcement, with a Hmax=37 m, and the Tirana‐Elbasan Highway, which provides Albania with access to Pan European Corridor VIII – in this project the combination of steel wire mesh and geogrid reinforcements is used for the construction of several walls with a maximum height of 28 m. In both projects, rockfall protection measures were incorporated on the slopes either to protect the new motorway or other existing infrastructures.


Abstract: The reactions of Co(OAc)2 with two equivalents of 1-hydroxy-2-[(octylimino)methyl-pyrene L, performed in air, lead to the formation of the cobalt(III) complex, tris[2-[(octylimino)methyl]-1-pyrenolato-N,O] cobalt(III) CoL3, accommodating three chelating pyrene-based salicylaldiminato-type ligands. The complex CoL3 and the referent tris(salicylaldiminato) cobalt(III) 1'(CoIII) were obtained in excellent yields, and their characterisation by 1H NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction revealed that they were of diamagnetic nature, octahedral geometry with the cobalt centre and meridional configuration. The redox behaviour of these complexes shows an irreversible reduction wave with a peak potential in the range -1.9 to -1.2 V. Upon reduction, the complexes decompose, giving rise to a redox pattern compatible with the formation of bis[2-[(octylimino)methyl]-1-pyrenolato-N,O] cobalt(II).
Keywords: Coordination chemistry, Cobalt, Pyrene, π-Expanded ligand, Salicylaldimine.
References:
[1] Luong Xuan Dien, Ken-ichi Yamashita, Motoko S. Asano, Ken-ichi Sugiura, Synthesis of a pyrene-based π-expanded ligand and the corresponding platinum(II) complex, Bis[2-[(octylimino)methyl]-1-pyrenolato-N,O] platinum(II), Inorganica Chimica Acta, 432 (2015) 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica. 2015.03.038.[2] Luong Xuan Dien, Ken-ichi Yamashita, Ken-ichi Sugiura, Metal Complexes of π-Expanded Ligands (2): Synthesis and characterizations of bis[2-[(octylimino)methyl]-1-pyrenolato-N,O] palladium(II) and the stabilized vacant dx2-y2 orbital, Polyhedron, 102 (2015) 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2015.07.043.[3] Luong Xuan Dien, Nguyen Xuan Truong, Ngo Duc Quan, Ken-ichi Yamashita, Ken-ichi Sugiura, Syntheses and structures of Ni(II) complexes containing 2 alkyliminomethyl pyrene ligands, VNU Journal of Science, 34 (4) (2018) 16-20. https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4809.[4] Robert D. Jones, David A. Summerville, Fred. Basolo, Synthetic oxygen carriers related to biological systems, Chem. Rev., 79 (1979) 139-179. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60318a002.[5] Kuninobu Kasuga, Takeo Nagahara, Akira Tsuge, Kunihisa Sogabe, Yasuo Yamamoto, The preparation and some properties of cobalt(II) schiff base complexes and their molecular oxygen adducts, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 56 (1983) 95-98. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.56.95.[6] H. Pellissier, H. Clavier, Enantioselective cobalt-catalyzed transformations, Chem. Rev., 114 (2014) 2775-2823. https://doi.org/10.1021/ cr4004055.[7] R. H. Crabtree, Energy Production and Storage: Inorganic Chemical Strategies for a Warming World, first ed., John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, 2010.[8] P. Sravanthi, C. Chandrakala, KS. Nagaraja, B. Jeyaraj, Development of cobalt Schiff base precursors for nanocrystalline cobalt oxide thin film by thermal CVD method, International journal of pharmaceutical, chemical and biological sciences, 5(1) (2015) 112-125. http:/ /www.ijpcbs.com/files/volume5-1-2015/12.pdf.[9] B. O. West, Complexes of tervalent cobalt with N-substituted salicylideneimines, J. Chem. Soc., 0 (1960) 4944-4947. https://doi.org/10. 1039/JR9600004944.[10] A. Ourari, Y. Ouennoughi, S. Bouacida, Tris(2-{[2-(4-meth¬oxy¬phen¬yl)eth¬yl]imino-meth¬yl}phenolato-κ2N,O1)cobalt(III), Acta Cryst., E68 (2012) m803-m804. https://doi.org/10.1107/ S1600536812023033.[11] A. Chakravorty , R. H. Holm, Identification of the geometrical isomers of some tris-chelate cobalt(III) complexes by nuclear resonance, Inorg. Chem., 3 (1964) 1521-1524. https://doi. org/10.1021/ic50021a010.[12] S. Li, S.-B. Wang, K. Tang, Y.-F. Ma, Tris [2-(propyliminomethyl)phenolato-κ2 N,O]cobalt(III), Acta Cryst., E64 (2008) m823. https://doi.org/ 10.1107/S1600536808014074.


Objective: Mitral valve repair improves symptoms and reduces myocardial remodeling, however in patients with significantly impaired left ventricle systolic function its impact on long term prognosis remains controversial. The aim of the study was to determine the predictors of long term survival in patients with concomitant systolic heart failure and mitral insufficiency undergoing mitral valve repair.

Patients and methods: We included 39 patients (aged 63±12 years, 12 women) with LVEF≤40% (mean 32.3±5.7%, ranged: 15-40%) undergoing mitral valve repair. Patients scheduled for concomitant aortic valve surgery, surgical ventricle restoration or operation due to infective endocarditis were excluded from the analysis. Most patients (n=31, 79%) were significantly symptomatic (NYHA class III or IV), although only one required inotropic support as well as IABP before surgery. In 26 cases (67%) mitral insufficiency had an ischemic etiology. Predicted 30-days mortality as estimated by EuroSCORE II or STS risk models was 3.25 and 4.85% (median), respectively. All patients underwent mitral valve repair (restrictive annuloplasty was done in all cases and an additional intervention on mitral valve, e.g. chordal transfer, posterior leaflet quadrangular resection in 6 cases). Moreover, 18 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, 9 - tricuspidal valve repair and 3 - surgical ablation of atrial arrhythmia. 34 demographic, clinical and echocardiographic parameters were analyzed to identify the independent risk factors for late mortality.

Results: During median 3.3 years (IQR: 2-5 years) of follow up 13 patients died. There was one intrahospital death (30-days mortality was 2.5%). The 2- and 5- years cumulative survival was 77 and 66%. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the independent predictors for death was COPD (HR 7.95, 95% CI 6.66-9.25) and the need of intense postoperative inotropic support (at least two inotropes for at least 48 hours; HR 7.76, 95% CI 6.52-9.0). Surprisingly, according to the univariate analysis, none of the parameters analyzed (including i.e. left ventricle diameter, renal function, concomitant surgical procedure) except for the mentioned above and the length of stay at the ICU (which in fact is strongly correlated with the postoperative heart failure) differed between survivors and non-survivors.

Conclusions: Severe postoperative heart failure that could represent poor reserve of impaired left ventricle predicted worse long term prognosis after mitral valve repair. COPD increased late mortality independently of pulmonary hypertension.


This study investigates the determinants of venture capital (VC) performance in China. We focus on the impact of VC reputation, political connections, and managing partner/founder's experience on the performance of domestic and foreign VC investments. After controlling for VC age, portfolio firm age, syndicate size, VC industry competition, and a number of other factors, we find little correlation between VC reputation and investment performance in the Chinese market. In contrast, we find that the institutional characteristics such as political connections of VC firms and managing partner/founder's prior experience as managers and investment bankers are crucial to domestic VC success, but these have little impact on foreign VC performance. In particular, if a domestic VC firm is politically connected, or a managing partner/founder has more management experience or has previously worked as an investment banker, a portfolio firm is more likely to have an IPO exit through the Chinese mainland stock markets, and these VCs are also likely to speed up a portfolio firm's exit through IPOs in China.


Reflective journals are used as a technique of self-reflection in the learning process. By integrating the process of metacognition, a reflective journal guideline was developed to knowing students' metacognition growth in writing. The reflective journal guidelines are designed in the form of self-questioning to make it easier for students to express their metacognition processes during their writing assignments. The metacognition process consists of three, namely awareness, evaluation, and regulation. The reflective journal guidelines that were compiled was given to 50 students. Before writing a reflective journal, students are asked to work on the task of writing explanatory texts. Students monitor the metacognition growth of while writing the explanatory text using reflective journal guidelines. Research findings show that reflective journal guidelines can be used to monitor the growth of students' metacognition in writing. Both students who are used to writing and who are not accustomed to writing can express their writing experience by answering questions in the reflective journal guidelines. This finding also shows that teachers must always encourage students to always write reflective journals in order to monitor metacognition growth in writing, ranging from raising awareness about knowledge and task completion efforts, monitoring the quality of the results obtained, and fostering the habit of planning, setting goals, and apply certain strategies in completing tasks. Students who are used to writing reflective journals in the learning process will be able to develop their writing skills and will become independent learners.


The emittance preservation in the Beam Delivery System (BDS) is one of the major challenges in CLIC. The fast detuning of the final focus optics requires an on-line tuning procedure in order to keep luminosity close to the maximum. Different tuning techniques have been applied to the CLIC BDS and in particular to the Final Focus System (FFS) in order to mitigate static and dynamic imperfections. Some of them require a fast luminosity measurement. Here we study the possibility to use beam-beam backgrounds processes at CLIC 3 TeV CM energy as fast luminosity signal. In particular the hadrons multiplicity in the detector region is investigated.


Elscherichia coti produces two distiniet forrmis of glutamine synthetase, depenldinig on the manner in which the organism is grown;1' 2 these forms have been designated synthetases I and HI for convenience. A preparation containing mostly synthetase I was obtained from log-phase cells grown on glucose and NH4C1, and a preparation containing mostly synthetase II from stationary-phase cells grown on glycerol and glutamate.3 The two enzymes are identical in amino acid composition and in sedimentation behavior,4 but synthetase II contains covalently bound AMP which synthetase I lacks.5 This paper describes an enzyme (ATP: glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase) derived from E. coli W that catalyzes the conversion of synthetase I to synthetase II in the presence of ATP and Mg++. During this conversiorn the labeled moiety of C14-ATP or a-P32-ATP is converted into a proteinbound form. The enzyme was partially purified by a procedure identical to that used by Mecke et at. for the isolation of a "glutamine synthetase-inactivating enzyme" from E. coli B,6 and it is possible that the adenylyltransferase is analogous to, if not identical with, their "inactivating" enzyme. However, contrary to their results, the biosynthetic activity of the glutamine synthetase from E. coli W is not completely lost as a result of the adenylylation reaction, but its specificity for divalent cation activation is greatly altered. These and other properties of the adenylylation reaction and its relationship to the reaction described by Mecke et al.6 are described. Materials and Methods.-Materials: a-P12-ATP and 8-C'4-ATP were obtained from Schwartz BioResearch, Inc., Orangeburg, New York. Preparations of glutamine synthetases I and II were obtained by the procedure of Woolfolk et al.7 from E. coli W, grown as previously described.2 The adernylyltransferase was prepared from E. coli W by the procedure which Mecke et al. used in preparing their E. coli B inactivating enzyme.6 The E. coli W cells used for this purpose were grown on glycerol and glutamate in the samne manner used for the production of glutamine synthetase II.2 Enzyme assays: Glutamine synthetase was assayed by three methods: (a) the MIg++ biosynthetic assay which involves measuring the release of phosphate from ATP in the presence of glutamate, ammonia, and 50 mM MgCl2 ;7 (b) the Mn++ biosynthetic assay which is the same as (a), except that 5 mM MnCl2 is substituted for the M9gC2; and (C) the y-glutamyl transfer assay which was previously described.2 Radioactivity: Protein-bound radioactivity was determined by precipitation of the radioactive proteini on filter-paper disks as described by Mans anld Novelli,8 excep-t thcat the wCashes with hot trichloracetic acid and ohot ethanol-ether were 011 iittetd.


The author suggests that chain supermarkets should adopt new business pattern,new business ideas and new operation mode to develop further.Specifically speaking,there are6things to be seriously considered.First,correctly select-ing the target market and performing differentiated marketing.Second,rationally selecting addresses and doing the overall arrangement well.Third,properly selecting business patterns and working out scientific developing strategies.Forth,taping potentials to keep competitive advantages.Fifth,establish a good system of personnel placement,a good incentive mecha-nism,and a good system of personnel training.Sixth,standardizing the management and operation.


Introduction: Pharmacological methods using variety of drugs like pethidine, morhine, tramadol, clonidine, doxapram, ketansarine, nefopam, neostigmine, magnesium sulfate have been tried in post spinal shivering. Aim of the present study was to compare the two drugs pethidine and dexmedetomidine for the control of intraoperative shivering under spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized study where total 80 patients of either gender aged between 20-60 years, ASA grade of I -II and patients who develop shivering of grade 2-3 (Crossley and Mahajan scale) after spinal anaesthesia were enclosed within the study after getting informed consent. The patients were randomized into two groups of 40 patients each. Group DDexmedetomidine group received single intravenous bolus dose of dexmeditomidine 0.5mcg/kg over 5 min. Group P -Pethidine group patients received 0.5mg/kg Pethidine IV over 5 min. The time was accurately noted in seconds from drug administration to the disappearance of shiv ering. Patients were monitored at intervals of 1 minute, 3min, 5min and thenceforth 10, 20 and 30 minutes until finish of surgery. Patients were intently monitored for failure of the drug, recurrence of shivering and side effects such as nausea, vomiting, bradycardia (<50/min), hypotension (>20% of baseline), giddiness and sedation score will be recorded. Chi-square test was accustomed to evaluate categorical factors. Results: Dexmedetomidine group had significant reduction in time needed to control shivering and disappearance of shivering after drug administration. Conclusion: Through this study we tend to found that the time taken for control of shivering was shorter with Dexmedetomidine as compared to Pethidine. Side effects were less with Dexmedetomidine as compared to Pethidine. Introduction Spinal anaesthesia is widely used as a safe anaesthetic technique for both elective and emergency surgeries. Shivering is understood to be a frequent complication, reportable in 40 to 70% of patients undergoing surgery underneath regional anaesthesia. Shivering besides being physiologically stressful to the patient also causes unpleasant to the anesthesiologists and surgeons. Shivering can occur in patients receiving regional anaesthesia as well as those patients recovering from general anaesthesia. It causes several undesirable physiologic consequences including increase in oxygen consumption, hypercarbia and increase in minute ventilation. It induces arterial hypoxemia, lactic acidosis, increased intra-ocular pressure, intracranial pressure and interfere with patient monitoring. Shivering may negate orthopedic procedures like fractures and dislocations and may also cause damage to dental prosthesis. Various non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods are available for the control of shivering during anaesthesia. Fluid warmers, ambient operation theater temperature, space blankets, surgical drapes and active circulating water mattress are some of the non pharmacological methods. Pharmacological methods using various drugs like Tramadol Clonidine, Doxapram, Dexmedetomidine, Pethidine, Nefopam, Neostigmine, Magnesium sulphate have been tried. In the pursue a lot of safe and efficacious drug we tend to compared 2 effective and safe drugs Dexmedetomidine and Pethidine, intravenously administered for treating shivering in patients who received spinal anaesthesia for numerous surgical procedures. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of two drugs 0.5mcg/kg of Dexmedetomidine and 0.5mg/kg of Pethidine with respect to study time from drug administration to control of shivering, Recurrence of shivering after Article Info Received: 29th May, 2019 Accepted: 18th June, 2019 Published Online: 22nd August, 2019


Water level system of boiler drum is a typical controlled process with parameter-varying and force disturbance.Due to these characteristics,good control quality can't be gained when using the normal PID-PID cascade scheme.In this paper,an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is proposed.The controller is based on sliding mode controller with integral compensation.The uncertainties were fuzzed based on fuzzy theory.The stability of the proposed controller is shown using Lyapunov method.The proposed AFSMC-PID cascade method is applied to water level system of boiler drum.PID controller is used in inner loop to stable the controlled plant and to overcome the disturbance of water-feed quantity quickly.In order to overcome steam flux disturbance,AFSMC controller is adopted in outer loop,which takes the PID controller and controlled plant as a generalized controlled object.Simulation results indicate that the control approach is robust and improves tracking accuracy considerably.


ABSTRACT A proper ideal of a commutative ring is called pseudo-irreducible if it cannot be written as a product of two comaximal proper ideals. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for every proper ideal of a commutative ring to be a product of pairwise comaximal pseudo-irreducible ideals. Examples of such rings include Laskerian rings, or more generally J-Noetherian rings and ZD-rings. We study when certain classes of rings satisfy this condition.


We propose a fiber coupler to generate up to ten orbital angular momentum modes, which can be generated with 20-dB extinction ratio and mode purity of >99% using a 2-mm-long fiber. The fiber design can be extended to enable all-fiber spatial mode (de)multiplexing.


Cytomixis is known as transmigration of chromatin from one cell to another and was first described by Kornicke (1901) in Crocus sativus and later the term was coined by Gates (1911). The origin, development and function of cytomixis during microsporogenesis have been reported and discussed by various workers in several families including normal plants, hybrids, mutants, triploids and apomicts. In addition, such migration of chromatin has also been reported in somatic tissue (Jacob 1941, Brown 1947, Sarvella 1958, Tarkowska 1960, 1965, Bowes 1973, Bobak and Herich 1978). During the course of meiotic studies in the family Papaveraceae cytomixis was observed in Papaver dubium L. The present communication deals with the detailed analysis of this phenomenon and its significance in the production of aneuploids and polyploids.


Given a free group $F_n$, a fully irreducible automorphism $f \in \aut$, and a generic element $x \in F_n$, the elements $f^k(x)$ converge in the appropriate sense to an object called an attracting lamination of $f$. When the action of $f$ on $\frac{F_n}{[F_n, F_n]}$ has finite order, we introduce a homological version of this convergence, in which the attracting object is a convex polytope with rational vertices, together with a measure supported at a point with algebraic coordinates.


Users usually have to collect information by hand and then entry the data into computer for the second time in traditional information collection and dissemination in farm produce process,resulting in waste of resources;users are distracted their attention when using interface software based on old WIMP interaction paradigm,it may increase their cognitive load.In order to solve this problem,this paper designs and implements a farm produce information collection and dissemination system based on PGIS paradigm in pen interaction technology and pen-based form technology.The system combines the advantage of the pen interaction nature and efficiency feature with computer's strong ability of information processing,so it is of a good future.


The traditional rolling stock maintenance model based on planned repairs and fault repairs cannot meet the needs of the rolling stock operation and maintenance for superlarge-scaled networks. There is an urgent need to establish a highly automated and information-based rolling stock intelligent operation and maintenance system based on online monitoring. This paper introduces the composition, main functions and application situations for the Shanghai rail transit intelligent rolling stock operation and maintenance system as well as suggestions for further work related thereto so as to provide references for the development of the rolling stock intelligent operation and maintenance system of the rail transit industry.


An inverse association was observed between the use of barbed suture for vaginal cuff closure during laparoscopic hysterectomy and the presence of postoperative vaginal bleeding.


A tunable helical bandpass filter with high selectivity designed for 30-88 MHz operation is presented. The two-pole tunable filter is discretely tuned by connecting PIN switched capacitor banks at the terminal ends of the helix. The filter schematic provides two finite transmission zeros located in the lower and upper stopbands, respectively. The experimental filter has an insertion loss between 1.65 and 2.75 dB with its return loss better than 13 dB. The 3-dB fractional bandwidth of the filter is 3.3%-3.7% and the shape factor (BW 30 dB /BW 3 dB ) is smaller than 5.5 over the entire tuning range. The input power handling capability is greater than 45 dBm. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones.


Seasonal autoregressive models with a polynomial trend of higher degee are treated. In the unit root case, the limiting distribution of the normalized least squares estimator for the autoregressive parameter and that of the corresponding t-statistic are discussed as the length of the sample period tends to infinity. In the case where the polynomial trend has the second or third degree, the joint moment generating functions associated with these limiting distributions are derived, and some simulation results are reported. The asymptotic behavior of these limiting distributions is discussed when the polynomial degree or the number of seasons tends to infinity.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method of respiratory and eye protection against aerosols and a protection device for implementation thereof refers to prevention medicinal products and aims at considerably decreasing the probability of harmful aerosol ingress (bacteria, viruses, allergens in the various form, including in the form of liquid drops, as well as various dust) in a body while breathing. The protection device represents a portable power unit and a pump generating air-curtain air flows in front of the respiratory inlets (nostrils and mouth) with a flow velocity vector being parallel to the inlet planes. The flow velocity (more than 10 m/s) is sufficient to capture aerosol particles trying to penetrate into the respiratory inlets and to carry them out together with air flow from the respiratory apparatus. The pump generates air flows directly from the ambient air containing aerosol particles, however due to the gained velocity the flows holds these particles inside which pass by the respiratory inlet as being enabled by inertia. EFFECT: decreased power consumption, dimensions and weight, as well as prevention of electrical safety problems and toxic effect of a air-cleaning system. 20 cl, 3 dwg


COURSE DESCRIPTION: Social scientists use quantitative methods to explore and test hypotheses, describe patterns in survey and census data, analyze experimental findings, and dynamically model social relations among individuals and groups. This course is third part of the quantitative methods sequence for graduate students in sociology. In this course, we will focus on regression-like methods for categorical outcomes, notably binary outcomes, ordered outcomes, nominal outcomes, as well as, hopefully, event and count outcomes. Additionally, we will cover many of the practical issues in performing a statistical analysis of secondary data where the outcome of interest is a categorical variable. Our close consideration of modeling strategies for categorical outcomes and related practical issues is designed to help cultivate an understanding of the fundamental principles of statistical inference, data analysis, and modeling that extend beyond any specific set of techniques (i.e., a foundation). In building this foundation, our intent is to advance your capacity to be an independent social scientist who can learn new methods, perform analyses, and communicate results with others in the scientific community. CLASS STRUCTURE/INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUE: Although the traditional method of teaching statistical methods is lectures and/or proofs, we will use an alternative teaching style for this course. Specifically, we will employ a collaborative design characterized by minilectures (~1 hour) each course, problem based discussion (~1 hour), application demonstrations, as well as independent research, problem solving and application outside of class. This collaborative pedagogy is designed to facilitate a hands-on understanding of the respective methods, and impart and reinforce the skill of independently learning/applying advanced quantitative methods. To this end, students can expect to research methods, the related benefits and drawbacks, and apply, interpret and present them to others in the class. COURSE GOALS: The major goals of the course for students are: 1. Advance your understanding of the basic logic, flexibility and elegance of maximum


Objective: This research aimed to fractionate the ethyl acetate extract from secondary metabolites of S treptomyces sp. GMY01 and to identify which fraction contains cytotoxic active compounds against human breast cancer MCF7 cell lines. Methods: Secondary metabolites were obtained from fermentation of Streptomyces Sp. GMY01 for 15 d. The supernatant containing these secondary metabolites was extracted through partition using ethyl acetate as the solvent. Fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract was conducted via column chromatography using silica gel as the solid phase while the gradient mobile phase consisted of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The cytotoxicity of each fraction was calculated using MTT-assay. Results: The ethyl acetate extract could be separated into 9 fractions using column chromatography. The cytotoxic effect of each fraction differed from each other. The smallest IC 50 value was obtained from fraction 4. Further investigation should be conducted to discover the active anticancer compound. The active compound with cytotoxic effect was found in fraction 4 because of the highest IC 50 value. Conclusion: This fraction is potential to be investigated more deeply as anticancer, especially for breast cancer.


Transmission of knowledge present in the information by teachers does not guarantee an effective understanding of the student in a large class room which has been a greatest challenge. Linear integrated circuit (LIC) is analysis of solid state analog and digital devices which is characterized by infinite and finite number of possible operating states respectively. Integrated circuits play an important role in electronics. As a felicitator we have to strengthen the theoretical concepts by providing the platform for the students to model, analyze and design various applications using integrated circuits. At undergraduate level, for a large class room it is a great challenge to impart this knowledge. In this paper an activity is discussed which enhances the interest of the students towards the course and depth of gaining knowledge. An effective activity called self study component was introduced at the 4th semester level for developing the model to cater real time signal acquiring and monitoring the physical parameters. This course encouraged us to develop undergraduate level activity with the applications of data acquisition models. Findings showed that there was a significant positive difference in student's academic achievement and attitude towards learning the subject through the activity.


ObjectiveTo observe the role of platelet derived growth factor B (PDGF B) in the regeneration of peripheral nerve by studying its expression on injured rat sciatic nerves. MethodsThe rat sciatic nerves cut and crush injured models were established, the expressions of PDGF B on both injured nerves were detected by immunohistochemistry technique. ResultsThe expressions of PDGF B were increased in proximal nerve segments and regenerating axons in both models. Soon after both types of injury, considerable amounts of PDGF B accumulated in Schwann cells in distal segments of both models. With restoration of the axon Schwann cells relationship in the crush model, levels of PDGF B tended to decrease, eventually returned to normal. In the cut model the relationship can not be restored, the PDGF B was decreased to a very low level. ConclusionThe increased expression of PDGF B after sciatic nerve injury may contribute to peripheral nerve regeneration.


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Best management practices (BMPs) are tools commonly used to mitigate negative impacts of agriculture on water quality; however, the relationship between BMPs and aquatic ecological function is unknown. Our research goal was to determine the association between both stream ecosystem metabolism and water quality, and the abundance and location of four different BMPs in agricultural catchments. Dissolved oxygen was measured over a two-week period in mid-June and used to estimate ecosystem metabolism of 13 headwater streams representing a gradient of BMP implementation in Southern Ontario, Canada. Stepwise regression analyses were used to associate stream metabolism and water quality with metrics describing the abundance and location of BMPs within each catchment. Studied streams exhibited rates of metabolism comparable to catchments from other agricultural regions. However, metrics of BMP implementation were not associated with either stream metabolism or water quality. Our results suggest that BMPs in the studied agricultural catchments are not improving water quality or mitigating water quality impacts on stream metabolism during the summer season. We propose that seasonality of catchment hydrology and time lag effects associated with past agricultural land use may be masking the mitigation benefits of BMPs on stream ecosystem conditions during the summer season.


We make a conjecture about mean curvature flow of Lagrangian submanifolds of Calabi-Yau manifolds, expanding on \cite{Th}. We give new results about the stability condition, and propose a Jordan-Holder-type decomposition of (special) Lagrangians. The main results are the uniqueness of special Lagrangians in hamiltonian deformation classes of Lagrangians, under mild conditions, and a proof of the conjecture in some cases with symmetry: mean curvature flow converging to Shapere-Vafa's examples of SLags.


Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have been reported after autologous transplantation (AT) for lymphoma. It is not clear whether myeloablative therapy used in conjunction with autologous transplantation contributes to the development of MDS/AML or whether the conventional chemotherapy preceding the transplant, and administered over a prolonged period, causes these secondary malignancies. To address this issue, we examined 188 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who had received AT. 71 patients with no more than one cycle of standard chemotherapy were enrolled in our Total Therapy program, designed to avoid exposure to alkylating agents prior to peripheral blood stem cell mobilization (group 1). The median duration of pre‐transplant therapy in group 1 was 7.6 months and significantly shorter than the 24 months of 117 patients (group 2) with more prolonged conventional therapy (P = 0.0001). All seven patients developing MDS post‐transplantation belonged to group 2 (P = 0.02); the median durations from initial therapy and first transplant were 66 months (range 38–86) and 24 months (range 9–39), respectively. Our findings provide evidence that prolonged standard‐dose alkylating agent therapy prior to transplantation, rather than autotransplant‐supported myeloablative treatment, is associated with development of MDS/AML. Stem cell damaging alkylator treatment should be avoided, not to compromise PBSC collection, but also to reduce the risk of treatment‐related MDS/AML.


The effects of tempering temperature and tempering times on microstructure and hardness of SKD61 steel were studied. The results show that when the SKD61 steel was tempered after quenched at 1040 ℃, the main microstructure of SKD61 is tempered martensite and at the same time the hardness of SKD61 steel increases with tempering temperature going up, when the tempering temperature is lower than 400 ℃, but the microstructure of SKD61 steel turns into tempered troostite and the hardness of SKD61 steel reduces with the increase of tempering temperature, when the tempering temperature is higher than 400 ℃; the microstructure and performance of SKD61 steel after tempering twice are better than tempering once.