Rats fed ad libitum, a ration comprising fresh foods (F ration) for 10 days, were switched over to another ration consisting of processed foods (P ration) for a similar period. Thereafter, the animals were subjected to a 50 per cent diet restriction for a period of 10 days and rehabilitated either on F ration or P ration for an equal period. The results showed a decline in growth rate, food consumption and food efficiency ratio in the group fed ad libitum on P ration compared to that on F ration. Fifty per cent diet, restriction induced loss of body weight due to depletion of body fat. A fall in the gross weight of liver,kidney and epididymal fat pad along with a reduction in the contentsof lipid in liver and fat pad were also observed. Refeeding ofdiet-restricted rats induced hyperphagia and super-normal weight gainwith both rations. The data on liver triglycerides appeared to show anage-related rise which could be controlled by diet restriction to someextent. Feeding of P ration tended to predisperse to higher adiposetissue cholesterol attributable to higher fat content of this ration.


Most conventional field cages are bulky and difficult to handle, even when they can be partially disassembled. Consequently, a cage that has little weight and is easily collapsed and rolled into a small bundle would be advantageous. This paper describes such a cage that weighs only three pounds and is easily rolled into a bundle about four inches in diameter.


That the Supreme Court upheld the Affordable Care Act bodes well for the generic drug market, which is already growing by leaps and bounds annually. Industry consultants expect ACA implementation to notably benefit retail pharmacists, PBMs, and drug wholesalers.


AbstractIn Singapore, sudden changes of bedrock depth and highly variable weathering degrees in residual soils are commonly observed. This study employed the dispersive characteristics of Rayleigh-...


An apparatus and method thereof to display a logo on a screen of an optical disc playback apparatus includes a storage unit storing logo data, wherein the storage unit is removable from the optical disc playback apparatus. A controller checks whether the storage unit is installed in the optical disc playback apparatus when the optical disc playback apparatus is turned on, and outputs the logo data stored in the storage unit when the storage unit is installed. An image processor performs image processing on the logo data stored in the storage unit controlled by the controller.


How conservative is Judith Shklar's skeptical liberalism? One interpretation views her "barebones" or "survivalist" approach as representative of a conservative liberalism typical of the Cold War era. Another interpretation stresses the progressive and even radical nature of her thought, with Shklar's self-ascribed skepticism central to both strands. This paper analyzes Shklar's writings between 1955 and the mid-1960s. It argues that the critical engagement with conservative liberalism indeed shaped Shklar's skeptical political theory, especially in her first monograph After Utopia. It compares After Utopia, first, to Shklar's doctoral thesis Fate and Futility, and second, to the so-called end-of-ideology debate. This double comparison carves out the reasons for the liberalism of fear's resonance with conservative thought patterns, but also helps to better estimate Shklar's distance from conservative liberalism. Finally, the paper questions the impression of a conservative turn from After Utopia to Legalism which recent interpreters have suggested.


This paper documents our experience with the development of an educational plan designed to satisfy the requirements of ABET 2000. The paper first presents the overall structure of the plan which includes both a process loop and a product loop, with assessment and feedback at multiple levels. Our progress on the initial pass through the process loop is then described. This description begins with a procedure developed and used for definition of learning outcomes in the form of attributes and competencies. Also documented are the methods used for successfully promoting faculty involvement in and ownership for the process. Mastery levels have been defined in order to quantify the relative importance of individual competencies. Based on these levels, a core set of outcomes targeted for mastery by all graduating students was identified. These core outcomes will impact the structure of our curriculum and influence instruction and evaluation at all levels.


Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1 © 2020 The Authors The authors have stated the following conflict of interest: The authors lead and/or provide allied health services and student placements through the University Departments of Rural Health referred to in this paper. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.13035


Abstract : Time series of currents and temperatures taken by fixed arrays of self-recording instruments moored on the Oregon continental shelf are presented in graphical form. The data represent the periods from 6 May - 14 June 1967 and 1 April - 30 June 1968. Also included in this report are the observed and geostrophic winds for the same period of time. (Author)


Sarah Churchwell, Behold, America: A History of America First and the American Dream Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018. Pp. 356. ISBN 978-1-4088-9477-4 Wayne E. Arnold If there is one overarching point to be learned in Behold, America: A History of America First and the American Dream it is that American political history tends to repeat itself. Sarah Churchwell aptly demonstrates this propensity through a systematic chronology of the politically charged terms "America First" and the "American Drea...


The verification of calculated neutron fluence onto the VVER-440/230 pressure vessel is a very timely task, especially considering that some of these reactors have been operating for the major part of the reactor design lifetime. Since the induced activity from the neutron irradiation onto the elements is a simple response of neutron flux, the neutron fluence verification usually is done using the measured activity of radionuclides produced during reactor operation. Calculational and experimental results are presented for 54 Mn-induced activity of scraps from the inner wall of the Unit I reactor pressure vessel after the 18th cycle and from detectors irradiated behind the vessel during the 18th cycle of Unit I at Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant as well as activity attenuation through the VVER-440/230 pressure vessel. Neutron cross-section libraries generated on the basis of ENDF/B-IV and ENDF/B-VI have been used in the calculations. The comparative analysis of evaluated activities and the attenuation coefficient demonstrates that the neutronfluence calculations by the libraries based on ENDF/B-VI are more reliable than ones based on ENDF/B-IV. The extreme rarity of data for the activity of scraps from the VVER-440 reactor vessel and its combination with the data for the detectors irradiated behind the vessel makes them especially attractive for verification of calculational methods of neutron fluence onto the VVER-440 vessel with dummy cassette loading.


Abstract FLYING WAFER was a joint European project funded in the 6th Framework of the European Commission. The objective was to provide a methodology for interlinking European R&D centres in micro- and nanotechnologies to a distributed 300 mm CMOS R&D line. The FLYING WAFER project was carried out as a feasibility study. Therefore, the results provided a model and concept which has the potential of guaranteeing a safe and fast exchange of wafers and data between European R&D nodes to allow multi-site processing.


The structure, electronic, and magnetic properties of the Mo-doped perovskite La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xMoxO3 (x < 0.1) have been studied. A significant increase in resistivity and lattice parameters were observed with Mo doping. A marginal decrease in the Curie temperature Tc and the associated metal-insulator transition Tp were observed. Magnetization data reveal that long-range ferromagnetic ordering persists in all samples studied and the saturation moment decreases linearly as x increases. Enhancement in magnetoresistance at near Tc in the Mo-doped compounds with an optimum doping value x = 0.05 was observed. The overall experimental results can be explained by considering the induced Mn2+ ions with Mo6+ in the Mo-doped systems, with the strong FM coupling between Mn4+/2+- O - Mn3+.


The Shanmen deposit, located in the Siping area of Jilin Province, is one of large‐scale silver deposits in Northeast (NE) China. Due to its high Ag grade, associated gold resources and special tectonic location, this deposit has important theoretical and ore‐prospecting significance. To present new data on the ore genesis, mineralization time and tectonic settings, the relationship between silver mineralization and intrusions in this deposit has been studied and some analyses have been carried out, including LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dating, whole‐rock major and trace element analysis and Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotope analysis of the granitoids associated with silver mineralization. Studies on deposit geology indicate that the ore‐hosting granodiorite and monzogranite have intimate genetic relationships with silver mineralization. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dating results of the both intrusions are 167.6 ± 1.9 Ma and 167.0 ± 1.5 Ma, respectively, implying that the two intrusions and associated silver mineralization in the Shanmen deposit formed during the Middle Jurassic. Major element analytical data suggest that the two intrusions are high‐K calc–alkaline series I‐type granites and belong to metaluminous and peraluminous rocks. Both intrusions have similar REE characteristics with regard to the relative enrichment of LREEs, depletion of HREEs, obvious fractionation of LREEs and HREEs (ΣLREE/ΣHREE = 8.68–14.09, (La/Yb)N = 12.51–21.96), moderately negative Eu anomalies as well as weakly negative Ce anomalies (δEu = 0.56–0.71, δCe = 0.93–1.09). Moreover, the samples are generally enriched in LILEs and depleted in HFSEs. The rock assemblages and geochemical characteristics of granitoids in the Shanmen deposit suggest that they formed in an active continental margin associated with the Paleo‐Pacific plate subduction. The Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotope compositions show that both the granodiorite and monzogranite have low Sr initial ratios and high Sm/Nd initial ratios. The εNd(t) values and young Nd‐model ages are –3.2 to –1.7 and 990 Ma to 1110 Ma, respectively. Considering the Sr‐Nd isotope compositions, in conjunction with the relatively high 206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb, alongside the relatively low 204Pb, it can be concluded that the Middle Jurassic intermediate‐acidic magma represented by the studied monzogranite and granodiorite in the Shanmen deposit, was derived from the partial melting of juvenile lower crust enriched in mantle‐derived materials and affected by the mixing of ancient crustal materials during the ascension and intrusion processes.


ANY speaker who attempted to predict even the immediate future with reference to almost any angle of the war program would be exceedingly bold and foolish, and any statement of current facts would be quite likely to be relatively useless within a short time of utterance. The one thing of which we can be reasonably sure is that the pattern of our war program will be subject to many sudden and extensive changes frustrating forecast and altering the facts. This implies no slightest criticism of the administration of our prewar effort. On the contrary, it is a realistic appraisal of a situation inevitable in a democracy.


At present, the intersection and fusion of different disciplines need to tackle a joint research. By the cooperation of different disciplines, knowledge innovation has become the important element of innovation in research organization. Communication management of knowledge innovation is one of the most essential management systems, which is beneficial for members in research organization to share information. It is of great significance for knowledge innovation and research innovation with communication management. This paper discusses the effect of specific communication means in knowledge innovation systems and precisely explores the dynamic relationship among the communication management's elements and knowledge innovation, and at last constructs knowledge innovation models of communication management in research organization.


This study documents the scale and intensity of drying over the last half century in the Kenai Lowlands of south-central Alaska. Using historical aerial photos and field sampling of wetlands, including muskegs, kettle ponds, and closed and open basin lakes, we present data on drying and successional changes in woody vegetation between 1950 and 1996. The results of this study suggest that the Kenai Peninsula is becoming both woodier in its vegetation and drier. A regional analysis of 1113 random points indicated increased forest cover and decreased open and wet areas in both burned and unburned areas between 1950 and 1996. A census of water bodies in three subregions indicates that almost two-thirds of water bodies visited show some level of decrease in spatial area. Over 80% of field sites visited have experienced some level of drying, where vegetation transects indicate substantial invasion into former lake beds by facultative upland plants. These results are consistent with a regional change in climate ...


Summary form only given, as follows. Systems maintenance consumes a major proportion of the resources of information systems departments in most organisations. It is often argued that these resource requirements can be reduced by the adoption of particular technologies or methodologies, such as structured analysis or more recently object oriented technologies. The paper reviews these claims by examining some of the more basic issues of systems maintenance such as: (1) the basic definition of maintenance and the various types that can be identified; (2) the methods required for the effective management of maintenance; (3) design issues that favour maintainability; and (4) issues of measurement. Consideration of these issues leads to the conclusion that the most significant impact on systems maintenance costs are more likely to be derived from general improvements in the management tools rather than in the technical tools. Some progress towards evaluating these issues is then discussed.


Plants store triacylglycerols in the form of oil bodies (OBs) as an energy source for germination and subsequent seedling growth. The interfacial biomaterials from these OBs are called OB membrane materials (OBMMs) and have several applications in foods, e.g., as emulsifiers. OBMMs are preferred, compared with their synthetic counterparts, in food applications as emulsifiers because they are natural, i.e., suitable for clean label, and may stabilize bioactive components during storage. This review focuses mainly on the extraction technologies for plant OBMMs, the functionality of these materials, and the interaction of OB membranes with other food components. Different sources of OBs are evaluated and the challenges during the extraction and use of these OBMMs for food applications are addressed.


Cloud computing technologies and infrastructure facilities are coming up in a big way making it cost effective for the users to implement their IT based solutions to run business in most cost-effective and economical way. Many intricate issues however, have cropped-up which must be addressed to be able to use clouds the purpose for which they are designed and implemented. Among all, fault tolerance and securing the data stored on the clouds takes most of the importance. Continuous availability of the services is dependent on many factors. Faults bound to happen within a network, software, and platform or within the infrastructure which are all used for establishing the cloud. The network that connects various servers, devices, peripherals etc., have to be fault tolerant to start-with so that intended and un-interrupted services to the user can be made available. A novel network design method that leads to achieve high availability of the network and thereby the cloud itself has been presented in this paper


Vision is one of the fundamental human senses and does the most significant job. People with visual disability often experience physical barriers that restrict their accessibility and mobility. Defect in the vision makes people to depend on other for indoor and outdoor movements. Lot of companies try to develop electric equipment and gadgets for visually challenged people in order to overcome their mobility problem without any sort of dependence. To overcome this challenge, a navigation system is proposed for visually impaired people to guide them in a smart manner. The proposed system performs simultaneous object observation and detection actions. The surrounding environment can be captured and given as a voice command. The heart beat sensor measures the heart rate of the people. If any obstacles are detected or heart rate is higher, then the message will be send to the guardians of the people along with their location. The proposed system effectively performs live tracking of visually impaired people and allows the visually impaired people to move anywhere without any assistance. The proposed system is tested on visually impaired people in real time at different locations to prove the system effectiveness.


Issues of time and change are foregrounded in qualitative longitudinal research (QLL1) and are considered here in the context of contemporary fatherhood. From a wider sample of 46 men interviewed as part of the QLL Timescapes network, we draw on two case studies of men who became fathers for the first time in 2000. This paper considers the men's relationship to involvement and the linked concepts of exclusion and redundancy, terms which emerged from the data and changed over time in the men's accounts. We seek to emphasise the value of QLL methods for providing a more complex understanding of the lived experience of life transitions and their longer‐term implications, contrasting this with existing studies offering a 'snapshot' approach.


From 1808 to 1908 a succession of explorers and adventurers set out into the Himalayas and Tibet to discover the sources of the four great rivers of the Indian sub-continent: the Indus, Sutlej, Ganga and Brahmaputra. This is an account of that "last great adventure".


A high surface area, highly mesoporous carbon xerogel was synthesised and used as a support in the preparation of platinum–ruthenium catalysts by different synthetic routes. The platinum–ruthenium carbon xerogel catalysts were physico‐chemically characterised and used for the chemical electro‐oxidation of methanol. The synthetic routes pursued included: 1) impregnation with metal chloride precursors and reduction with two different reducing agents: sodium borohydride and formic acid; 2) a microemulsion‐based method and 3) a sulfite complex method, which led to catalysts with different physico‐chemical features that strongly influence their catalytic behaviour towards methanol oxidation. The electro‐oxidation of methanol was found to depend on both the crystal size and the extent of active phase reduction as well as on the platinum concentration on the catalyst surface, which were maximised for the impregnation method and reduction with formic acid.


To the Editor: W e read with interest the excellent work of Manassero et al concerning a new approach of ultrasound-guided interfascial obturator nerve block. Although injections of local anesthetic between the planes of the adductor muscles is a very successful technique for blocking the obturator nerve, it is of great importance for the operator to clearly describe the intrafascial course of the vessels at this anatomic region. This possibility of vascular puncture occurring could have also been discussed. In the inguinal-femoral region, vascular structures must be recognized during ultrasound scanning, in particular, the medial circumflex femoral artery and vein. These vessels arise from the medial and posterior aspect of the profunda femoris vessels or sometimes directly from the femoral vessels and run intrafascially between the pectineus and iliopsoas muscles and then between the obturator externusYadductor magnus and the adductor brevis muscles. Because of the close relationship of the medial circumflex femoral artery and vein with the obturator nerve divisions and subdivisions, it is important to detect sonographically the vascular components of the region before needle advancement. Manipulation of the ultrasound transducer may visualize the exact anatomic course of these vessels and thus avoid puncture or intravascular local anesthetic injection (Fig. 1). In conclusion, the inguinal-femoral anatomic region is a highly vascularized area, and it is crucial for the anesthesiologist to identify major vascular components before the implementation of any obturator nerve block.


The aim of the SPECS project is to implement a speech-driven environmental control (EC) system for elderly and disabled people. This type of assistive technology (AT) enables users to control electronic and electrical devices in their homes in situations when using conventional means of access, such as remote controls or out-of-reach light switches, is not possible or desirable. Some commercial voice-operated EC systems exists alongside more traditional switch-operated systems. However, they are only supporting very limited command-style speech, and in general, commercial systems employing speech technology (for both the non-AT and AT market) are all designed for users with typical speech[1]. Unfortunately, users in need of AT often have physical disabilities associated with motor control and such conditions (e.g. cerebral palsy) will also likely to affect the musculature surrounding the articulatory system resulting in slurred and less clear speech; known as dysarthric speech. Research into the use of natural language enabled interfaces have demonstrated their power, and new projects like the recently funded UK programme grant: Natural Speech Technology 1 plan to apply state-of-the-art speech research to the assistive technology domain for both typical and dysarthric speakers. Dysarthric speakers' recognition performance, when using commercial ASR systems, can be very poor because of the increased variability of the speech coupled with the often very limited amount of training material available. The SPECS project focuses on building high-performance ASR systems for dysarthric users, as well as devising a framework for ensuring an EC system which is tailored to the needs of the individual[2, 3]. In SPECS, we build on experience from a previous AT related project in Sheffield, Stardust. One of the major outcomes of that project was the demonstration that the conventional enrolment phase, where the users are asked to record a number of examples of each command word, can be boosted by adding a user training phase[4, 5]. In this phase the user practises how to pronounce the command words in a game-like environment; the outcome is two-fold: i) the user will over time learn which pronunciations are preferred by the underlying acoustic models, and ii) as all the speech commands are recorded, a substantial amount of additional audio is collected. Another main focus of the SPECS work has been to devise a plan for how best to incrementally improve the whole system


Franz Kafka derives from an assimilated Jewish family that lived in the multicultural and multilingual Austro-Ugrian Empire. Father and Son are in the center of Kafka's writing, a symbolic duo evocating old and new power, and relations of both writers with their fathers. Kafka's father, lusty and very successful man was a home tyrant who despised culture and spiritual values, inclusive Judaism and his son's literal creativeness. For Kafka and his literal aspirations he was a perfect medium. In this paper we elaborate Kafka's affection for pornography and prostitutes. Our epistemological method refers to combination and synthesis of casuistic and psycho-biographic methodology. Separated psychopathological phenomena need not a priori mean an ill person in toto. Focusing on some individual psychopathologic phenomena within the personality indicates only pars pro toto definition. Therefore Kafka's affection for pornography and prostitutes identify only one kind of exclusivity and eccentricity which do not define the totality of Franz Kafka's bios. According to our estimation these 'artificialities' could certainly note have influenced the quality and esthetic of Kafka's prose. But one thing is sure: no matter weather he remains remembered as the representative of a magical realism or the author of a new literal style or the famous writer with a locked shelf where pornography was found, Franz Kafka is an artist having neither precedents nor followers. Not until now at least.


When all strategies received conventional market prices, 4-year cropping sequences had greater net returns than 2-year sequences, and the organic input, 4-year strategy had the highest net return. Adding 50% of the estimated organic premium, the 4-year, organic strategy dominated all low- and high-purchased input strategies.


There is an ongoing technological revolution in the field of biomedical instruments. Consequently, high performance healthcare devices have led to remarkable economic developments in the medical ha...


ABSTRACT:During the past few decades, scholarly interest in the history of witchcraft beliefs, and especially of those associated with the early modern witch trials, has increased greatly. The resulting publications, however, have not manifested any consensus over the meaning of the words "witchcraft" or (indeed) "witch." Some authors have used them to describe only harmful magic, some all kinds of magic, destructive and beneficial, and some have used them by turns to mean both, or accepted both while in practice privileging one. The argument of this article is that such confusion goes to the roots of the English language, in the Anglo-Saxon period. However, by the early modern period certainly, and before then possibly, use of these words was determined largely by a person's place in the social order. All used the words pejoratively, but educated elites did so to describe magic in general, while the bulk of the population reserved them for malevolent magic. The article proceeds to explore the semantic fields thus created, through different genres, and the understanding of early modern cultural norms and tensions thus provided.


As the Judgments Regulation ('the Regulation') gains increasing infl uence2 and importance within Europe, certain key questions arise as regards its interpretation. In the course of this article, it is proposed to explore one of these in some detail, namely the interpretation of Article 23 and whether it can or should act as an absolute standard when interpreting exclusive jurisdiction clauses. Although the question does not seem to have been subject to much consideration by academics and practitioners, it is clear that two different opinions on this question have arisen. Firstly, there are those who argue that Article 23 leaves no scope for the application of national laws or canons of interpretation.3 Secondly, there are those who argue that there is scope for the application of national laws in certain, limited, circumstances.4 The recent Commission Proposals5 concerning, among other things, this subject seem to fall into the latter category (although amendment to the substance of Article 23, in the opinion of the Commission, will be needed to recognise this fact fully), as does the argument in this article.


The estimation of the mammary blood flow (MBF) is an important component of studies of the utilization of metabolites by the mammary gland of lactating animals. Although there are several flow meters available to measure MBF by direct contact with the vessels perfusing the mammary gland, their use is limited mainly by the surgical preparation required for their implantation. For that reason, the application of the Fick principle was assessed as a mean to estimate MBF as part of a study on amino acid utilization by the mammary gland in three pasture-fed dairy cows at either ad libitum or restricted dry matter intakes. Two methods based on the Fick principle were assessed, namely, arterio-venous differences of amino acids (methionine: Met or phenylalanine+tyrosine: Phe + Tyr) and tritiated water (TOH). The estimated MBF was not significantly different for the Met and Phe + Tyr methods (average of 8.1 and 8.8 L min–1, respectively). The TOH method yielded a significantly lower (P < 0.05) estimate of blood fl...


Mode matching based software has been developed to analyze dual band polarizers in a circular waveguide with corrugations in a rectangular guide, and its convergency checked. Two of the parameters affecting the convergency of the method are: number of integration samples and number of eigenmodes. The more important parameter affecting the convergency is the number of eigenmodes, since from n=40 (6400 integration cells), the convergency is reached for any number of eigenfunctions used within a range of 0.03% of error. The meaningful number of eigenmodes to perform predesigns is 28, 45 eigenmodes are necessary to reach an accuracy better than 0.01% and then to get a very accurate definitive design.


[1] Fine structures of surface fronts during winter-spring in the Taiwan Strait and their evolution over time are studied using satellite and in situ data. At times, different water masses are interleaved into each other. The northward intruding warm water bifurcates into several branches, causing complicated multiple cross strait fronts with maximum surface temperature gradients at the fronts to be greater than 2°C/km. The mean surface velocity of the fronts estimated from a sequence of satellite images is between 0.15 and 0.3 m/s during the February–March 2001 frontal event. The speed appears to have accelerated during the latter stages from 0.2 m/s during March 2–4 to 0.3 m/s during March 4–6. The total northward transport associated with the passage of the fronts is estimated to be 0.6–1 Sv between February 16 and March 6, 2001. The timescale of the passage of the fronts through the entire Taiwan Strait is therefore at least four weeks. Hydrographic observations in February–March of 1998 and 2000 also demonstrate similar frontal events with strong vertical gradients of water temperature and salinity on the western side of the strait. The 1998 data also show clearly that the low temperature and low salinity Zhemin Coastal Current separates from the coast and enters into the middle of the strait, a feature consistent with the satellite observations.


Recently, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has become a highly sought-after topic for its wide applications in target recognition, detection, and tracking. However, SAR automatic target recognition (ATR) models based on deep neural networks (DNN) are suffering from adversarial examples. Generally, non-cooperators rarely disclose any SAR-ATR model information, making adversarial attacks challenging. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel attack method called Transferable Adversarial Network (TAN). It can craft highly transferable adversarial examples in real time and attack SAR-ATR models without any prior knowledge, which is of great significance for real-world black-box attacks. The proposed method improves the transferability via a two-player game, in which we simultaneously train two encoder–decoder models: a generator that crafts malicious samples through a one-step forward mapping from original data, and an attenuator that weakens the effectiveness of malicious samples by capturing the most harmful deformations. Particularly, compared to traditional iterative methods, the encoder–decoder model can one-step map original samples to adversarial examples, thus enabling real-time attacks. Experimental results indicate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art transferability with acceptable adversarial perturbations and minimum time costs compared to existing attack methods, making real-time black-box attacks without any prior knowledge a reality.


This qualitative study investigates the ways in which Muslim minority youth experience Islamophobia in south-west Sydney primary schools. Islamophobia has occupied the Australian discursive context since the September 11 attacks and the ensuing War on Terror in 2001, and was amplified in the recent decade following the rise of Daesh and events of home-grown terrorism. In schools, minority Muslim students in Australia have been considered a problem for some time. Since the early phases of migration in the 1970s, Muslims have been constructed as a pedagogical challenge. More recently, this has adopted political overtones, and concerns regarding educational attainment have moved towards issues of national security and socio-political integration. To understand the ways in which the wider discursive context filters to schools, the study is underpinned by critical theory, combined with a critical ethnographic case study methodology. Drawing on the voices of Muslim students aged 10–12 across three schools, the critical discourse analysis found that Islamophobia was experienced by Muslim students in primary schools drawing on visible and physical cultural markers of being Muslim including the Arabic language, the hijab and Islamic practices. This paper contends that Islamophobia should be formally recognised as a form of cultural racism in schools.


Chris Reed, Ph.D. URS Corporation Tallahassee, FL The updating of Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) for the Big Bend Region of Florida (i.e., Franklin, Wakulla, and Jefferson Counties) requires the validation of wave and storm surge models to be used in the production runs to demonstrate the suitability of the models. Previous articles in this journal issue have demonstrated this suitability. An additional input to the production runs is a set of storms that represents the hurricane and tropical-storm climatology in the study region. These storms are then run through the wave and storm surge models, and the results from these calculations are used to define the flood plains associated with recurrence intervals of interest (e.g., the 100-year return period) and for the mapping of the FIRMs. In addition, the outputs from the production runs are used for overland wave height propagation analysis and wave runup estimations. The Joint-Probability Method (JPM) uses synthetic storms, with characteristics derived from a statistical analysis of historical hurricanes and tropical storms in the region. Because each run of the wave and surge models requires large computational resources, the number of synthetic storms must be kept to a minimum while providing an adequate representation of the storm climatology. This is done by using techniques that have come to be known as JPM with Optimal Sampling or JPM-OS. This paper briefly describes a probabilistic model to represent the occurrence rate and characteristics of future hurricanes and tropical storms capable of producing significant surge inundation in the Big Bend Region of Florida. This paper also describes the use of this model to generate of a suite of synthetic storms and associated recurrence rates that provide an efficient representation of the population of possible future hurricanes and their characteristics. These synthetic storms are used as inputs to numerical wind, wave, and surge models. Details are also provided on the production runs with emphasis placed on discussion of the results.


Traditionally, proteomics is the high‐throughput characterization of the global complement of proteins in a biological system using cutting‐edge technologies (robotics and mass spectrometry) and bioinformatics tools (Internet‐based search engines and databases). As the field of proteomics has matured, a diverse range of strategies have evolved to answer specific problems. Chemical proteomics is one such direction that provides the means to enrich and detect less abundant proteins (the 'hidden' proteome) from complex mixtures of wide dynamic range (the 'deep' proteome). In pharmacology, chemical proteomics has been utilized to determine the specificity of drugs and their analogues, for anticipated known targets, only to discover other proteins that bind and could account for side effects observed in preclinical and clinical trials. As a consequence, chemical proteomics provides a valuable accessory in refinement of second‐ and third‐generation drug design for treatment of many diseases. However, determining definitive affinity capture of proteins by a drug immobilized on soft gel chromatography matrices has highlighted some of the challenges that remain to be addressed. Examples of the different strategies that have emerged using well‐established drugs against pharmaceutically important enzymes, such as protein kinases, metalloproteases, PDEs, cytochrome P450s, etc., indicate the potential opportunity to employ chemical proteomics as an early‐stage screening approach in the identification of new targets.


Fire in a typical car park is capable to induce large Heat Release Rate. The heat release rate in car park can be ranged from 500 kW to 20 MW depends on the ventilation condition of the car - park and the car itself. When fire occurs in poor ventilated car, i.e. the window is closed, fire will immediately burn out. Otherwise, fire will rapidly spreads and consume adjacent car. This condition can result in wide spread of fire involving all of the available car in the parking lot considering the availability of ventilation in underground car - park which strongly affect the fire and smoke spread. In this paper, a typical large underground car - park is being considered by varying the aspect ratio of the parking lot shape with constant floor to ceiling height. The effect of horizontal ventilation system and its thrust direction on the spread of smoke, its flow pattern, and overall CO distribution will be covered. In addition, the impact of additional building structure, basement aspect ratio, and ceiling beam will be discussed by considering it effect on smoke flow pattern and extraction effectiveness. Furthermore, based on the simulation which had been carried out the dilution of smoke by the air from the horizontal ventilation system is significantly increasing the CO concentration at 2 m height as it disturbed the smoke concentration stratification.


Corresponding Author: Jinhua Yi Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering, Hunan Communication Polytechnic, Changsha 410132, China Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: The article uses three types of Bisphenol A polyether polyols BEO, BPO-6 and BPO-10 as raw materials, reacts with epichlorohydrin under the action of a catalyst and synthesizes a hydrophilic epoxy resin. The molecular structure of the product is analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and the results show that the synthesis of the hydrophilic epoxy resin BEOGE conforms to the results of the experimental design. The research results show that the hydrophilicity, epoxy value, tensile strength and elongation rate of cured product of BEOGE synthesized from BEO are better than those synthesized by BPO-6 and BPO-10 and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of BEOGE is 6.531, which is between epoxy resin and water-based epoxy resin. It facilitates its adsorption at the oil-water interface and meets the synthesis requirements of hydrophilic epoxy resin. When tetra ethylene pen amine is used as the curing agent, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the cured product are tested. The results show that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the cured product of BEOGE are far better than those of BPOGE-6 and BPOGE-10. Among them, the BEOGE cured product has the highest tensile strength value of 0.59 MPa, which is 1.79 times that of BPOGE-6 and 4.92 times that of BPOGE-10. The elongation at break of the cured product of BEOGE is the largest at 9.9%, which is 1.87 times of that of BPOGE-6 and 1.46 times of that of BPOGE-10.


In this paper, we present a CUDA based solver for the Helmholtz equation ∆u + λu = f in three dimensional rectangular area. This solver follows the algorithm of FISHPACK – A Fortran package for solving elliptical equations. It uses DFT and its variants such as DST and DCT to efficiently find the numerical solution. It is able to solve five different kinds of boundary conditions for each coordinate direction. The experiments show that it can achieve a speedup of up to around 30 compared to the solver in FISHPACK. The source code can be downloaded from https://github.com/rmingming/cudahelmholtz/.


The present invention provides a water jet surgical instrument comprising a plurality of supply cylinders capable of storing a working fluid that can be ejected into the pressure line through the discharge port by the piston. At least one drive device for driving the piston of the supply cylinder is provided. The switching device for switching the piston driving force of a separate feed cylinder from one piston of the supply cylinder, the supply cylinder're done (by switching to a different supply cylinder) ejected continuously working fluid to the pressure conduit be is guaranteed. As a result, a device having a small structure that is achieved by the simple method is disclosed.


experiences long afterwards, that an arms race had caused that war. His judgment has not been universally accepted, but it is one view of the question. It virtually founded an important offshoot of the study of international relations. Moreover, nobody disputes the existence of a naval arms race between Britain and Germany during those years. The British attitude was clearly stated by Winston Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, in a speech he made in 1912:


The Geroch group is an infinite dimensional transitive group of symmetries of cylindrically symmetric gravitational waves which acts by non-canonical transformations on the phase space of these waves. The unique Poisson bracket on the Geroch group which makes this action Lie-Poisson is obtained. A quantization of the Geroch group is proposed, at a formal level, that is very similar to an $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ Yangian, and a certain action of this quantum Geroch group on gravitational observables is shown to preserve the commutation relations of Korotkin and Samtleben's quantization of cylindrically symmetric gravitational waves. The action also preserves three of the four additional conditions that define their quantization. It is conjectured that the action preserves the remaining condition as well and is, in fact, a symmetry of their model.


This chapter explores how Darwin's theory of sexual selection has structured research on primate coloration. Darwin was fascinated by the conspicuous colors displayed by many animals and pointed to primates as a particularly colorful and interesting group. The chapter provides an overview of Darwin's theory of sexual selection, highlighting how different selective mechanisms can lead to the extravagant colors found in many primate species. The chapter then overviews both modern and historical studies of primate coloration, emphasizing how methodological advances and a resurgence of interest in sexual selection has led to a modern revival of Darwin's ideas regarding primate coloration. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of future questions and possible directions of this research. Darwin's collected works clearly show that he was captivated by the bright colors displayed by many primates, and his theory of sexual selection remains the key to understanding the evolution of many of these impressive traits.


The Chonmachong (Tumulus No. 155 in Whangnam-dong, Kyungju, Korea), which was unearthed in 1973, is an ancient tomb built in the Shilla Era between the 5th-6th centuries by the method of Juksuk-mok-gwak. With the excavation of this tomb more than 11,500 articles of luxurious and splendid relics including gold and silver ornaments, weaponry and horse gears were obtained. Among the excavated articles, the saddle flap with a drawing of flying horse on it is the first relic of its kind from the Shilla Era, and `Chonma` (a flying horse), the name of the tomb, was named after this drawing. The saddle flap is highly valuable in that it provides the idea of how good the people of Shilla were at drawing. Although a lot of researches have been released about the relics from the Chonmachong, this study is to focus on the fabrics from the excavation, all of which are in the Kyongju Museum`s collection. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The subject of this study is mainly on the fabrics used in horse gears, the pieces of cloth that were used to spread on a saddle or to underlay beneath a saddle. As the Shilla Dynasty tried to restrict excessive ornamentation on horses and it is assumed that the fabrics used are different, according to the social status. 2. The subject articles are four plain fabrics, three fabrics of combined -construction and one braid, the warp-faced compound woven silk [:經錦] of combined-construction was found for the first time in Korea, and is the typical quality silk with patterns woven with dyed threads in different colors. 3. It is ascertained by the Chonmachong excavation that polychrome woven silk[:錦] was used not only for the clothes of the upper classes but also for the ornaments of their horses in the Era of the Three Kingdoms.


In this article the authors explain how a new system has been designed to work in conjunction with existing databases to ensure a consistency of approach to retention scheduling across a variety of media and formats. The system allows for the whole life‐cycle of a record to be pre‐defined at both record series and file level. The reports produced by the system enhance a retention schedule programme that not only meets the needs of the records manager, but also serves as a 'user‐friendly' point of contact between himself and the users he serves. The authors will briefly explain the existing approach taken to retention scheduling at Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich and will demonstrate how this new 'Electronic Retention Schedule' (ERS) will enhance the current system of publishing advisory 'guidelines' for users and implementing 'annual reviews' of record holdings held in a number of different storage formats.


The industrially important fungus Aspergillus niger feeds naturally on decomposing plant material, for which it is equipped with a range of enzyme systems. A significant proportion of plant material are lipids that might be available either as for energy storage or as membrane building blocks. With 63 potential lipase-encoding genes in its genome, A. niger has the tools to degrade these extracellular lipids. In contrast to polysaccharide-degrading enzyme networks not much is known about the signalling and regulatory processes that control lipase expression and activity in fungi both under laboratory and natural occurring conditions.


Richard Hovannisian completes his definitive history of the first independent Armenian state in modern times and provides the basis for comparison with the new Armenian republic established in 1991 after seven decades of Soviet rule. Based on Armenian, Russian, Turkish, German, Italian, French, and English-language archival materials, these volumes provide the first comprehensive, multidimensional analysis of this critical turning point in Armenian history—a period clouded in misinformation and controversy


This paper,taling cultivation of qualified vocational students as its goal,discusses the importance of students′ educational management,i.e.emphasis should be place on professionalism and professional ethice,career planning,specialty studying guidance and employment guidance,in order to cultivate students′ professional qualities.


Abstract In response to varied needs from Education students, faculty and researchers, UBC librarians and library students repurposed problematic books from Indigenous children's literature collections into Critical Literacy Kits. By repackaging these problematic books, along with librarian-created learning materials and activity guides, these kits mediate access to problematic books and become a new tool for pedagogy. This article explores the intersection between critical literacy and the development of children's literature collections in academic libraries, proposing that the creation of kits like this increases the learning potential of problematic books, and prevents the erasure of critical engagement with these materials.


In this paper, we propose a Wavelet-based prediction method of the Internet traffic volume. By introducing maximal overlap formulation of the Haar wavelet, the proposed method is free from so-called boundary condition, which arises from processing delay of analysis filters of the wavelet transform and refrains from full utilization of information on recent input signals. The proposed method is based on a vector autoregressive model so as to introduce inter-scale correlation of Wavelet coefficient series at different scales.


A plate (1202) for fixing system fracture adapted to be secured to a surface of a huesocon an articulation surface having a convex shape in which the plate comprises: a head portion (1234) arranged to be secured to a bone surface and provided with seishuecos pole arranged to receive posts comprising similar to shaft insurers, two of deposte holes (1236a, 1236C) are above, two of the hollow post (1236b, 1236d) are later and two loshuecos pole (1237th, 1237b) are in the middle between the front and the back, one of the holes postemedio are hollow nearest post (1237th) and the other of the hollow half pole are a hollow Postema distant (1237b), wherein the axis of each slot anterior and posterior pole (1236a, 1236b, 1236C, 1236d) sefija, and the shaft portion (1230) includes a plurality of hollow bone screw and adapted to be secured to the surface of the bone shaft, wherein the axis of each slot anterior and posterior pole (1236a, 1236b, 1236C, 1236d) diverges the Axis each other of hollow post anterior and posterior (1236a, 1236b, 1236C, 1236d) and the axes of the half huecosde post (1237th, 1237b) are converging towards each other.


After a brief intro duction to causal proba bilistic networks and the HUG IN approach, the problem of conflicting data is discussed. A measure of conflict is defined, and it is used in the medical diagnostic system MUNIN. Finally it is discussed how to dis tinguish between conflicting data and a rare case. quacy of the model and the reliability of data used. Therefore, no expert will blindly accept what the system comes up with. At least there will be kept a critical eye on the data, and mainly one will look for conflicts in the data or conflicts with the model. In this paper we present a way of building such a critical eye into a system with a CPN model. Our suggestion requires an easy way of calculating probabilities for specific configurations. We start with a brief introduction to the HUGIN approach. In section 3 we discuss CPN's and data conflict. In section 4 a measure of conflict is defined, and it is shown that this measure is easy to calculate in HUGIN and that it supports a decomposition of global conflict into local conflicts .. Section 5 reports on experience with a large CPN, and in section 6 we discuss how to distinguish between conflicts in data and data originating from a rare case.


After hundreds of flights,cracks were found on the shoe plate of the abutment.Cracks are along the intersection of welded seam and shoe plate and penetrate the shoe plate.Cracks were found in batches.In this article,based on the macro and micro inspection of the fracture surface,metallographic structure inspection of heat affecting zone(HAZ)and hardness test,Mode and reason of the fracture are analyzed combined with the stress analysis of the abutment.The results show that the fracture mode of the abutment is fatigue fracture.The main cause of the fatigue fracture is the insufficiency of the load-carrying ability of the shoe plate because its thickness is too small.The thickness of the shoe plate is increased and no fatigue crack is found any more.


Introduction To a certain extent, the transition processes in the countries of Eastern Europe are unique. These countries have a common history of dictatorships which were based upon the principle of democratic centralism, i.e. leadership by the communist parties. The whole society was subjugated to one single political party, which exerted tight control over trade unions, the educational system, the media, churches, businesses and interest groups. In other words, there was no civil society but a party society. The transition process towards democracy in Eastern Europe thus implies a complete overturn of society. It is often referred to as a transformation process. Instead of organizing society from above, the society has to rearrange itself from below. Initiative should now come from citizens, no longer from the authorities only. Needless to say, such a fundamental transition takes a long time and is a most complicated process. The seventeen years that have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall are much too short to expect this fundamental change to have been completed. In fact, since the transition is to a large extent a change of mentality, it may take generations before the remnants of the party society have vanished. In order to support the transformation of East European societies, many international cooperation programmes were established. Various funding schemes


Modern radio engineering systems are characterized by the use of radio waves with a complex internal structure as information carriers. Such radio waves are characterized by an increased transmission spectrum width and programmed pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency. Along with this, signals with an increased transmission spectrum width are related in their characteristics to white noise signals, which reduces their electromagnetic availability of electronic intelligence systems. So, the article presents an improved methodology for assessing the secrecy of the functioning of radio technical means of a military communications system, built on radio communications, which use a complex structure of a transmission signal as an information message. The main criterion for assessing the secrecy of the functioning of radio technical means was chosen the indicator of the energy secrecy of transmission signals, namely, the indicator of electromagnetic availability. Taking into account the indicator of the electromagnetic availability of radio emission sources with complex signals makes it possible to more realistically assess the secrecy of the functioning of radio equipment of the military communications system, in turn, determines the factors for making informed decisions regarding the choice of operating modes of radio communications in order to conceal the functioning of the elements of the military communications system.


One of the main requirements for ensuring a high level of safety and economic efficiency of nuclear power units at all stages of the life cycle - designing new ones, operating existing power units and decommissioning them - is a probabilistic safety analysis of nuclear power units. The most widely used method for probabilistic safety analysis is the fault tree method. NPP power units are a complex system consisting of a large number of units of equipment, systems and units that are interconnected functionally and affect each other. In addition, to increase the adequacy of the developed probabilistic model of a power unit, it is necessary to take into account equipment failures for general reasons and the human factor. The resulting in-depth probabilistic models of power units can contain tens of thousands of fault trees and, as a result, hundreds or more of thousands of minimum sections and require lengthy calculations to obtain acceptable accuracy of the results. This complicates the application of this method, especially when monitoring risk in real time, when it is necessary to promptly make changes to the model and assess the impact of these changes on the current risk. The novelty of the project is the use of a modified modularization method, which significantly accelerates the generation of many minimal sections.


Implementing debug logic in the SoC plays an important role before the product goes on sale. There are some design flaws and verification errors that can be found with advanced verification techniques. Because of this, it is important to add debug logic to the SoC to help with debugging. Debugging is the process of finding and fixing system errors. When silicon came out, the visibility was greatly reduced. As a result, the debug component becomes important. This task is intended to implement debug logic in the SoC. The debug infrastructure consists of debug hosts like JTAG input/output pins (TDI, TMS, TCK, TRST, TDO), protocol conversions like JTAG2APB/JTAG2AHB, and debug targets like cores. Many such protocols are needed in the VLSI industry to compete with the rapid growth of IC technology. In this work, we used the JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) protocol as the debug input pins to send the data and address to the debug target. The APB (Advanced Peripheral Bus) and AHB (Advanced High-performance Bus) protocols are used to communicate and program the debug components. JTAG2APB and JTAG2AHB act as a bridge to convert the serial communication protocol to a parallel communication protocol. As a result, we can communicate and debug any of the core. This method saves a lot of complexity in the SoC.


Medicine is one of the most important contributors of life expectance. Essential medicine is the foremost cause of death and disability in developing countries can be prevented, cured and improved with costeffective essential medicine. But besides this thousands of people don't have access to essential medicine. Majority of the people spent their huge share of income on medicine which traps them into a vicious circle of poverty. The huge prescription of medicine is a main cause of treatment delay. Essential medicines save lives and enhance the health of population but only when they are accessible in an inexpensive, reasonable and affordable cost, and when they are use in an appropriate way. Besides certain police measures and programs a huge chunk of population doesn't have access to essential medicine and this remain the pivotal public health issue in India. Availability of harmless, effective, affordable and quality medicines for all is one of the most important targets of Sustainable Development Goals. For acquiring universal health coverage access to safe, effective and affordable essential medicine is a paramount aspect. The main aim of this paper is to examine the burden of medicine cost and its socio-economic impact on households. This paper is based on secondary date. It is estimated that by improving access to existing essential medicines and vaccines, about 10 million lives per year could be saved. The studies revealed that as much as 25%–70% of overall health expenditure in developing countries is spent on medicines whereas, around 10% of health expenditure in most high-income countries is consumed by medicines. In India medicine consumed higher share of total health expenditure over 43%. Several studies depict that more than three lakh crore rupees that households spent on health, and about 42% of the total out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP) went in procurement of medicines. Households spent around 28% of the OOP spending in private hospitals and this constitutes 62.6% of the total OOP health spending in India both government and private source.


A dissertation submitted to the Department of Economics & Industrial Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Master of Arts Degree in Industrial Management, 2000


with chronic diseases take prescribed medications regularly. As a direct result, nonadherent patients experience a reduced quality of life, higher rates of morbidity and death, and consume more health care resources compared to adherent patients. Considering the magnitude of the problem and the fact that community pharmacists are considered well positioned to influence nonadherent patients, it would seem logical that adherencesupport activities would be prioritized in community pharmacy practice. However, in the era of pharmaceutical care, community pharmacists are required to respond to all types of drugrelated-problems and it is not known whether adherence support ranks highly compared to the various activities that community pharmacists are expected to perform. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which pharmacists prioritize adherence support activities compared to other clinical responsibilities. To address this aim, we conducted a survey of Saskatchewan community pharmacists as part of an ongoing clinical practice research study.


In the present study, two nanoformulations of pretilachlor: microemulsion (ME) and encapsulated monolithic dispersion (MD) have been developed. Both the formulations were tested for their stability and found to be stable at different temperature regimes. Characterization of these nanoformulations was performed by using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique. The average particle size of both nano formulations was in the nano range (1-100 nm). Bio-efficacy of nano formulations as weed control agents was studied at the field level against the weed Echinochloa crus-galli in rice fields where weed control was evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplantation (DAT). Both the tested nano formulations were found to perform better than that of the commercially available formulation of pretilachlor (Rifit 50 EC). Harvest time residues of pretilachlor in rice grain and soil were also determined in the present study.


In a prospective study we assessed 440 patients, sequentially admitted to the trauma unit with hip fracture. The superficial infection rate was 7.7% and the deep infection was 1.8%. The commonest organism responsible for surgical site infection was MRSA (47.6%). 45.2% of the patients with SSI and 50 % of the patients with MRSA wound infection were admitted from institutional care or other hospital. The high prevalence of MRSA wound infection and increased mortality rate in this subgroup highlights the need for a good surveillance programme in place, to monitor trends and identify risk factors with an emphasize on minimising infection rates. Using the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) to make surveillance for surgical site infection a routine part of hip fracture care would be best practice in monitoring the trend and comparing care and outcomes against national benchmarks and quality standards. We recommend a close surveillance of wound in this vulnerable group.


Allen Carlson has argued that a science-based model of appreciation is most appropriate in the aesthetic appreciation of nature. While I find his model of appreciation coherent and valuable, I reject his argument that this model ought to be preferred to others, such as an emotion-based or a formalist model of appreciation. Carlson's rejection of these other models is exclusionary and runs counter to pragmatist ideals. I argue for an alternative model, one which accommodates both cognitive (e.g., science-based) and noncognitive (e.g., emotion-based and formalist) models of appreciation, which I call the aesthetic-attention model of appreciation.


We are developing teleoperation approach to timedelayed remote driving. This paper presents a complementary technique based on Virtual Reality for teleoperation with the communication delay between the Moon and the Earth. A realistic virtual environment and manual driving system was built with displaying and driving device. Combining the 3D terrain and telemetry, the full scene of rover mission can be generated virtually. Up on that, using driving device, the rover path can be planned on the virtual system directly and sent to the vehicle. When the rover moves on the ground or probes some interesting stone using this manipulator system, we can monitor the whole process in real time. The intervention order can be transmitted to the rover at any time if it is necessary to change the control plan. Using this manual controlling method, we can control the rover on the Moon just like playing a car race game. This online control platform can greatly improve our efficiency and emergency controlling ability.


The difficulties experienced in studying staphylococcus food poisoning when the only available subject for experimentation was the human volunteer have been in part overcome by the observation that monkeys can be fed staphylococcus filtrates in such a way as to insure a certain proportion of definite and characteristic gastrointestinal reactions. 1 Utilizing monkey feeding as a crude method of determining the presence or absence of the significant principle, some data bearing on the nature of this principle have been obtained. In all the tests here reported only animals showing actual vomiting have been set down as yielding a positive reaction; other symptoms such as pallor, diarrhea, and evident distress have been noted but not recorded as indicating an unmistakable positive result. Not all monkeys react to the active principle inducing vomiting and consequently, before using an animal for experiment we have fed it with a filtrate of known potency. Negative results were controlled by subsequent feeding with potent filtrate. The possible development of tolerance has also been controlled. The following results have been obtained: 1. The active principle will not distill. 2. It is not readily dialyzable. 3. It is markedly unstable to N/100 NaOH. 4. It is unstable to heat in N/100 HCl solution. 5. It is not identical with the hemolytic substance present in many staphylococcus filtrates nor does it produce a skin reaction. 6. It is completely removed from acid aqueous solution by extraction with ethyl ether or chloroform as judged by our method of assay. 7. It may be extracted from alkaline solution with ethyl ether or chloroform but the deleterious effect of alkali tends to mask such removal. Feeding with a neutral saline or aqueous solution of the ether or chloroform extracts from which all traces of the solvent had been removed by warming in vacuo caused typical vomiting in monkeys.


Microsclerotia of three melanin-deficient mutants of Verticillium dahliae formed malanin from (+)-scytalone, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene, catechol, and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. The melanins formed from (+)-scytalone or 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene resembled wild-type melanin chemically and ultrastructurally, whereas the melanins formed from catechol and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenlalanine were different. This suggests that scytalone and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene but no catechol or L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine are natural intermediates of melanin biosynthesis in V. dahliae.


We investigate the impact of charm mixing on a model-independent gamma measurement using the Dalitz plot analysis of the three-body D decay from the B+ -> DK+ process, and show that ignoring the mixing at all stages of the analysis is safe up to a sub-degree level of precision. We also find that in the coherent production of the D-0(D) over bar*(0) system in e(+)e(-) collisions, the effect of charm mixing is enhanced, and propose a model-independent method to measure charm mixing parameters in time-integrated Dalitz plot analysis at charm factories.


Okra is an important vegetable, and it is subject to heavy yield losses by insect pests, of which the shoot and fruit borer Earias spp. is serious. Insecticides are used against this pest, leading to insecticide residues. This study evaluates Milkoid, an LAB formulation spray in field by spraying in tandem with flubendiamide and bleaching powder (calcium hypochlorite). The results indicate that the population of epiphytic LAB density was maximum on plants sprayed with Milkoid with or without flubendiamide. The pest damage was significantly reduced after spraying flubendiamide with or without bleaching powder (3.76- 5.30%). Milkoid accelerated the degradation of flubendiamide with the dissipation rate of 70.07% on 15th day after spray. The efficacy of Milkoid in reducing the toxicity and the potential of calcium hypochlorite as an antimicrobial agent and the shoot and fruit borer management are discussed.


Cutting stock problems have been deeply investigated in the last thirty years due to their wide range of applications as well as to their nice structure. The one dimensional problem (CSP) consists in cutting out of the minumum number of standard lengths the required number of pieces for each demand length. An ILP formulation, known as the multicut model, where there is a variable for each feasible way of cutting a standard length and a constraint for each demand length, has been the model of reference since the column generation problem was formulated as a knapsack in 1965 by Gilmore and Gomory. Further investigations studied the gap between the multicut model objective function and its linear relaxation 11], which gave theorical foundations to the many rounding heuristics for the standard case, while a remarkable number of heuristics have been proposed to tackle particular cases arising in production processes. Nevertheless, the problem structure has never been exploited in order to devise alternative ways of solving the linear relaxation other than classical linear programming. To our knowledge, the only attempt was the one cut model described in 2], where no computational results are given. In this paper, we propose a new formulation of the linear relaxation of CSP in terms of min cost hyperrows on a particular class of hypergraphs, whose properties allow the tailoring of a min cost hyperrow algorithm derived by the one proposed in 1], and the decomposition of the problem according to a "divide et impera" strategy. A C++ implementation of the algorithm has been tested on a wide range of problems generated via the standard generator CUTGEN1 7], comparing its performance with the classical Gilmore and Gomory's approach. Computational results show that our algorithm outperforms the classical approach in almost all the generated instances.


In this paper, three different base-station antenna (BSA) configurations are compared in terms of inter-user spatial correlation in a two dimensional (2D) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environment. The three configurations are: (i) a regular uniform linear array (ULA); (ii) a periodic sparse array; and (iii) an aperiodic sparse array. Electromagnetic modeling of the NLoS channel is proposed where scatterers are considered as resonant dipoles confined in clusters of scatterers (CoSs). While the probability of facing highly correlated user-equipments (UEs) in a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system is decreasing as the richness of mutipath increases, the sparsity (increased inter-element spacing) is seen to be capable of reducing this probability as well. This is due to the larger spatial variations experienced by the sparse array. Moreover, the results show that further improvement can be achieved by deploying an aperiodic distribution of antenna elements into the sparse antenna aperture.


Baclofen has been proposed for few years to help treating alcohol dependence at higher doses than those used in neurology. Baclofen pharmacokinetics has been previously well described at low oral or intravenous doses but remains poorly investigated with such high oral doses. We here describe dose regimens of baclofen in 143 alcohol‐dependent patients treated with steady‐state oral doses of baclofen. Plasma baclofen levels were measured in blood samples using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. One hundred and forty‐nine baclofen concentrations were sampled 30 min to 15 h after the last dose, and baclofen pharmacokinetics was determined using population pharmacokinetics approach. Our population, whose average age and BMI were 51.5 years and 25.5 kg/m2, respectively, was composed of two‐thirds of men. Daily baclofen doses ranged from 15 to 250 mg and 26% were higher than 120 mg. A one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination allowed to determine mean values for clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (V/F) and absorption rate constant at 8.0 L/h, 44.5 L and 2.23 h−1, respectively. Inter‐individual variability on CL/F and V/F was 27.4 and 86% for the parameters. None of the demographic and biological covariates significantly decreased inter‐individual variability. A proportional relationship between oral dose and plasma baclofen exposure indicated a linear pharmacokinetics of baclofen even at doses over 120 mg/day. Our large population study evidenced a linear pharmacokinetics of oral baclofen even at high daily doses with an inter‐individual variability of baclofen exposure that could not be explained by demographic and biological data.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Last year, the Society for Claustrum Research held its annual meeting in conjunction with The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, as part of The Salk's celebration of the centenary of Francis Crick's birth. Over 140 registrants took part in an exceptional program of talks and poster presentations presided over by Professor Terrence Sejnowski, the Francis Crick Chair and Head of the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory at the Salk Institute, and Professor Patricia Churchland, Presidential Chair of Philosophy at the University of California, San Diego. Presentations at this year's conference were organized around the theme of 'The Undiscovered Claustrum', with the express intent of addressing Francis Crick's challenging final question about pursuing research on the claustrum: 'What could be more important, so why wait?' [1]. The invited speakers addressed the issue of the undetermined function of the mammalian claustrum, using approaches and model systems which ranged from individual cell recordings to whole-brain imaging in awake human subjects. A key theme which has emerged from these studies is the potential role for the claustrum in selective attention and stimulus salience, as described in the summaries below.


Abstract : The aim is to precisely characterize the tackifier distribution in model pressure sensitive adhesives and correlate variations in this distribution with the adhesives properties. Work focused on investigating the mechanical properties of the model adhesives near the surface, following the aging of a phase separated model adhesive, and synthesizing and isolating a new model tackifier which is closer in structure to common commercial tackifiers derived from wood rosin. Probing of the surface mechanical properties was done on two scales. Force-distance measurements done with a spherical indenter probed the behavior averaged over lateral areas on the order of millimeters and to depths of order microns. Force-distance measurements done with an atomic force microscope were able to resolve differences in the behavior of various domains in a phase segregated model adhesive and to limit the depth with which the mechanical properties were probed to less than one aim. In the phase segregated model adhesive a viscoelastic behavior was seen in the tackifier enriched domains, an intermediate behavior in the domain interfaces, and a viscous response in the matrix. The tackifier enriched phase appears to contribute primarily to the surface adhesion. AFM images and force-distance curves were collected for model adhesives of various compositions and after aging for 3.5, 7, 10, and 12 months.


Heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop penalty in annuli with spirally fluted inner tubes were evaluated for the laminar, transition, and turbulent flow regimes for the Prandtl number range 4.37 < Pr < 10.31. Recent experimental studies that reported Nusselt number and friction factor correlations for these annuli were used as the basis for this parametric evaluation. On the basis of flow-visualization tests and tube-surface temperature-profile measurements, it is known that the fluted inner lubes induce a significant degree of swirl in the flow. In the laminar regime, friction factor enhancements relative to smooth-tube annuli are typically between 1.1 and 2.0, while enhancements of up to 10 occur in the turbulent regime. Nusselt numbers in the laminar regime are between 4 and 20 times the smooth annulus values, while turbulent enhancements are between 1.1 and 4.0. These respective enhancements are functions of the flute depth, pitch and angle, and annulus radius ratio. The enhancement efficiency of...


The forest is the main part of water conservation ecosystem in Qilian Mountains,Gansu Province,China,which plays a huge ecological service function. Changes of forest resources have significant impact on the structure and function of the forest ecosystem. Currently,quantitative methods are mainly used to study the changes of forest resources. It is vital to investigate the changes of forest resources for developing the forest protection policies and regulations,protecting effectively and using reasonably forest resources in Qilian Mountains. From 2010 to 2013,the changes of forest distribution and area in north slope of Qilian Mountains were comprehensively analyzed by applying 3S technology and collecting the previous research data. The results showed that,during the geological period from Silurian(440 Ma)to Holocene(0.01 Ma),along with the rapid uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the landform in Qilian Mountains experienced a dramatic change from ocean to mountains,then higher mountain,and the forest gradually appeared and developed to the whole mountain system but degenerated to the east area to Jiuquan City later. From the late Neolithic Age to the late Warring States Period(2 986-221 BC),the area of forest was approximate600×104hm2. In 1958,the retained area of woodland and shrubland was 12.4×104hm2and 20.3×104hm2respectively. In 1980,the area of woodland decreased by 4.8% compared with it in 1958. In 2000,the area of woodland and shrubland increased 6.0×104hm2and 12.1×104hm2respectively compared with it in 1980. In 2013,the area of woodland and shrubland increased 9 733.4 hm2 and 36. 4×104hm2compared with it in 2000. During the historical period from Han Dynasty to the early stage of New China,forest in north slope of Qilian Mountains suffered severe damage after four large-scale deforestation. From 1960 s to late 1980 s,the area of forest was decreasing constantly owing to 3 massive reclamation and deforestation. Since the 1990 s,especially scince the 21 st century,by strengthening protection,forest area have been gradually increasing. Recently,because of the intensified human disturbance,some local forest area is still in decline,and the quality of forest is decreasing. Analyzing the reasons for the changes of forest resources,the paper put forward that during geological period,changes of forest resources were completely under the restriction of the natural environment,especially climate change,and during the historical period,they were significantly influenced by human activities. In view of the existing problems,the paper suggest 6measures to solve them,which are defining the ownership of forest,building use control system of forest resources,implementing the evaluation system of goals to increase the forest resources,improving the mechanism for ecological compensation,relocating farmers and herdsmen in forest,and implementing key projects of ecological protection and restoration.


In the title compound, C22H19Br2NO3, the central oxocyclohexane ring is in a twist-boat conformation; all the substituents (one ethoxycarbonyl and two aryl groups) are located in equatorial orientations. One of the –CH2– groups and the opposite –CH– group bearing a bromobenzene substituent form the flagpoles of the twist-boat. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 76.4 (4)°. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O interactions link the molecules into C(5) chains propagating in the [010] direction. A short Br⋯O contact of 3.254 (4) Å is observed.


This article is to study the ways to put computer teaching method into practice. The purpose is to make students have the ability to analyse data and information through applying "inquiry learning" to EXCEL.


This work is presenting a highly efficient, cost-efficient and environmentally friendly method for the production of graphene materials (reduced graphene oxide, RedGO) via electron beam (EB) irradiation of aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide (GO). Our strategy here is based on a reduction of GO via EB irradiation under optimally controlled conditions, i.e. dose and dose rate, reducing species, and taking the environmental impact of educt and product into account. The preparation of highly conductive RedGO under these conditions takes only 10-20 minutes at ambient temperature. After our first approach [1], a somewhat similar study was reported by Jung et al. [2] for GO dispersions in H2O/EtOH (50:50). However, the latter route [2], although being similar in spirit, has serious drawbacks for large-scale production because of the formation of acetaldehyde, a very toxic compound, derived from the ethanol in the solvent. The advantages of the present approach compared to [2] are: (i) the use of water as a solvent with only a small content (0.03 - 2 wt.-%) of 2-PrOH allows the scaling-up, since neither 2-PrOH nor its final product acetone are of high technological or environmental concerns; (ii) a much lower dose is required for GO reduction (about 20 vs. 200 kGy, corresponding to only 1/10 of energy consumed); (iii) the conductivity of RedGO is over 60 times higher. Based on the XPS and conductivity measurements, it was established that the EB treatment is leading also to a more efficient reduction of GO compared to the hydrazine method. The highest conductivity in our systems is identical to the best known value of 3 x 104 S/m for RedGO obtained via HI / acetic acid treatment which takes, however, 40 h at 40 oC.


It seems that every few decades there is value in reviewing research and progress in studies on earlier human populations. For the emphasis within a subject may change, with new avenues being explored or new researchers with different interests appearing on the scene. While human bioarchaeological research is broadly based, some of us have been especially involved over the years with human remains from British sites, and it would therefore seem an ideal subject to discuss here.


ThecompositionalandsensoryparametersofChatoMurcianodry-curedhamatdifferentripeningtimes(14,18, 22 and 24 months of processing) were studied. A sensory consumer study of dry-cured ham with a short ripening stage (14monthsofprocessing)andasimilarhamwithalongripeningstage(22monthsofprocessing)wascarriedout.Dry-cured hams remained in theripening stage at 1820C and 70-75% relative humidity.The differentprocessing times studiedhad 5 no effect on the ash, intramuscular fat, sodium chloride and protein contents of the final ham, but significantly affected the moisture(P <0.05)andsaturated(P <0.01)andmonounsaturated(P <0.05)fattyacidcontents.Sensoryanalysisshowedthat processing time enhanced redness, fat colour, all of the odour and flavour traits studied, and all the texture traits except juiciness.Inthetasteprofile,onlysaltinessshowedasignificantincrease.However,sensorychangeswereonlysignificantup to22monthsofprocessing(formostoftheparameters),theresultinghamshowinghigherlevelofconsumerpreferenceand 10 acceptability than dry-cured ham with the shorter ripening. Based on these results, it is recommended that an appropriate processing time to obtain a high-quality Chato Murciano dry-cured ham is 22 months.


Carnosine and anserine are two imidazole dipeptides found in muscle and brain tissues of animals (anserine in birds); their dietary and nutritional significance lies in their antioxidant properties and a number of investigators are looking at other health benefits of the compounds. This volume will survey the current state of play in these and other areas of interest, including immunology, the promotion of wound healing and cellular homeostasis. Providing an up to date, interdisciplinary approach, this book will be of great interest to researchers and professionals in chemistry, food science, biochemistry, health sciences and sports sciences.


Ranch as one of the community in supporting the economy Residency Rembang has received attentionfrom the colonial government. It can be seen from one of the policies issued by the government at thattime, the effort to develop the farm. Government's attention not only on livestock assistance, but alsoanimal health itself. It can be seen from the legislation, regulations or policies issued by the governmentrelating to the health of livestock. In this study the problems will be solved are: how the developmentof Animal Husbandry in Residency Rembang from 1900-1942, how the management of livestock inRembang Residency in 1900-1942, and how the government efforts in improving the health of livestockin Residency Rembang from 1900-1942? This research uses historical method. The fi nal stage is thepreparation or compilation of historical writing that is the facts in a synthesis as a unifi ed whole. Theresults showed that the growth of ranch increased Residency Rembang. The increase is not free fromgovernment interference. In the management of livestock can not be separated from the supervision andexamination by the Department of Livestock Health. This was done to improve the quality of livestock.Prevention of disease in cattle infectious anticipated by the government passed legislation preventinginfectious diseases and quarantine cattle. Key words : Livestock, livestock management, livestock health


The COVID‐19 was first described in late 2019 that quickly became a pandemic affecting every health system as we know it. The high transmissibility among humans represents a well‐known high burden of morbidity and mortality not only for cardiovascular patients but also for a higher risk between health care professionals that must deliver high‐quality care to them in any scenario, and cardiac catheterization rooms are no exception. This creates a new dilemma, minimize exposure to patients and health care professionals to COVID‐19 while maintaining high quality in cardiovascular therapeutics. In order to achieve this, several international recommendations on treatment algorithms modifications and in safety measures in the catheterization room have been published, always aiming to solve this dilemma in the best possible way. Hereby, we present a summary of the most recent treatment algorithms in the most important cardiovascular interventions (acute coronary syndromes, structural and congenital heart diseases) as well as specific safety measures with a step‐by‐step preparedness before and after any interventional procedure during COVID‐19 outbreak. The objective of this document is to inform and to train health care professionals that works in cardiac catheterization rooms on the risks as well on the plan for containment, mitigation, and response to the global situation of COVID‐19 infection in order to apply this in their own local work environments.


solid wastes factors influencing generation rates is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the solid wastes factors influencing generation rates is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Big Data and biopolitics are two major issues currently attracting attention in public health discourse, but also in sociology of knowledge, STS Studies as well as in philosophy of science and bioethics. The paper considers big data to be a new form and instrument of biopolitics (Foucault) which addresses both the categories of body and space. It is expected to fundamentally transform health care systems, domestic environments and practices of self-observation and reflection. Accordingly the paper points out some problems and pitfalls as well as open questions that have emerged in the field of AAL, which merit more attention in future public and academic debate.


A simple, precise and accurate isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for determination of Meloxicam in bulk drug and tablets. Isocratic RP-HPLC separation was achieved on a LiChrospher RP-18 column (250 x 4.6 mm id, 5 micron particle size) using the mobile phase 'A' 0.1 M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate pH 4.0 with orthophosphoric acid and mobile phase 'B' Methanol . Mobile phase 'A': mobile phase 'B' premixed in the ratio of 65:35 v/v were used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and the column oven temperature was 35 uC good. The retention time of Meloxicam (2H-1, 2-benzothiazine3-carboxamide, 4-hydroxy-2-methy-N-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-, 1, 1-dioxide) was about 4.31 min and its known impurity-B (5methylthiazole-2ylamine) was about 2.26. The photodiode array detector was used to test the purity of the peaks, and the chromatograms were extracted at 254 nm. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, solution stability, and specificity. The method was linear in the concentration range of 150-450 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively were 5 and 50 µg/mL for Meloxicam. The accuracy (recovery) was found to be in the range of 98.57%-101.69%. The drug was subjected to the stress conditions hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and heat. Degradation products produced as a result of the stress conditions did not interfere with detection of Meloxicam; therefore, the proposed method can be considered stability-indicating.


This RFC provides a framework for transporting ANSI C12.22/IEEE 1703/
MC1222 Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Application-Layer
Messages on an IP network.


gated the influence of hormone on the glucose metabolism by determining plasma insulin using immunoassay technique. In this chapter, the plasma insulin responses to various stimuli in the normal subjects and to oral glucose in the diabetic patients were studied. 4Thormal subjects aging 18-40, without metabolic disorder and 20 diabetics aging 32-68, including 6 obese were selected in this study. 50 gm of glucose was administered orally in 20 normal subjects and 20 diabetic patients. The blood was drawn in the fasting state, and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after administration. 8 normal subjects recieved 1.0 gm tolbutamide intravenously in 2 minutes and blood was drawn in the fasting, and 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 120 minutes from the start of the injection. 9 normal subjects recieved 1.0 mg glucacon intravenously and blood was drawn in the fasting, and 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes from the start of the injection. 6 normal subjects recieved 30 gm arginine infusion in 30 minutes and blood was drawn in the fasting, and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes from the start of the infusion. Blood sugar was mesured by a Technicon Auto Analyzer, partially by a o-aminobiphenyl method. Plasma insulin was mesured by the double antibody radioimmunoassay technique of Hales and Randle. Plasma IRI rose to a peak 30 minutes after the oral administration of 50 gm glucose and the peak value was 86.4±7.0 pU 1ml in 20 normal subjects. Plasma IRI rose to a peak 5-10 minutes from the start of tolbutamide intravenous injection and the peak value was 78.8=1_213.2 pUiml in 8 normal subjects. Plasma IRI rose to a peak 5-10 minutes from the start of glucagon intravenous injection and the peak value was 59.9=1=10.3 /2U/m1 in 9 normal subjects. After the peak, plasma IRI decreased transiently and increased again 30 minutes from the start of the injection. Plasma IRI rose to a peak 15-30 minutes from the start of arginine infusion and


We continue our investigation into intersections of closed paths on a torus, to further our understanding of the commutator algebra of Wilson loop observables in 2+1 quantum gravity, when the cosmological constant is negative. We give a concise review of previous results, e.g. that signed area phases relate observables assigned to homotopic loops, and present new developments in this theory of intersecting loops on a torus. We state precise rules to be applied at intersections of both straight and crooked/rerouted paths in the covering space $\mathbb{R}^2$. Two concrete examples of combinations of different rules are presented.


Using a sample of 848 workers in France, this article aims to explain problematic smartphone dependency, a behavior considered to have negative consequences for sufferers in the context of work. It examines whether and how addictive pleasure at work is related to problematic smartphone dependency (PSD). The authors propose a model with the originality of an exploratory measure of what is conceptualized as a mobile personal information system (PIS) development. The results obtained are paradoxical in that addictive pleasure at work is negatively correlated with PSD, although it positively contributes to the development of a PIS, the latter being itself positively correlated to gratifications. However, PIS development is not positively correlated to PSD. It is plausible that, although addictive pleasure at work drives the development of mobile PIS, it also provides an escape from compulsive smartphone usage, thus mitigating PSD. These findings also highlight the protecting role of mindfulness against PSD.


The paper aims to understand the impact of corporate ownership structure on tax avoidance in Asian contexts. The ownership structure in Asia is concentrated in one group of shareholders, which enables this shareholder to have a significant influence on tax avoidance. This research mainly reviews published research articles. Search terms, such as ownership, tax avoidance, and tax aggressiveness were used in the search function in all fields of the papers from Scopus and Web of Science databases. This study captured nine pieces of empirical research after applying several filtrations (inclusion and exclusion) in the article search. Most of selected researches were conducted in China, while some in Southeast Asia. There are four review questions in this research, namely: (1) How do shareholders influence tax avoidance levels in Asia; (2) What is the best way to measure the level of ownership and tax avoidance; (3) What type of corporate owners do scholars study the most and the least; (4) What are the methodological gaps in the research topic (corporate ownership and tax avoidance) that future scholars should be aware of. The paper finds that different shareholders behave differently towards tax, and the behaviour is according to the host country's attributes, such as country settings, national tax policy, and investor protection levels. The study primarily helps governments and regulators understand the motives and techniques shareholders apply to avoid tax. Furthermore, it also provides repeatable methodological guidance in detail for future researchers to conduct a systematic literature review and for research students to formulate their hypothesis on the relationship between ownership structure and tax avoidance.


Evidence available to a party regarding a statement of fact that is contested or likely to be contested by the other party must be produced by the party making that statement of fact.


The procedures most generally recommended for rapidly determining the RhG factor of a patient's blood prior to cross matching are the "rapid tube test," the capillary tube test of Chown, and the slide test of Diamond and Abelson. In this article, a method that is similar to the Diamond slide test is described, except that, in addition, a special bromelin reagent is used. The principle of using proteolytic enzymes in Rh slide-testing technics is not new. Papain has been recommended by Stratton and by Albrey and Simmons. Bromelin would seem to offer greater convenience, however, inasmuch as the reagent is easier to prepare and remains stable for at least 2 weeks at ordinary refrigerator temperature (2 to 6 C ) , and the test itself is more rapid. The method possesses several distinct advantages over the Diamond slide test. For example, false positive results owing to rouleaux do not occur, inasmuch as the underlying principle of the test is not dependent upon a high concentration of protein (or other .macromolecule) in the reactants; the appearance of agglutination is much more sharp and clear; and the test may be performed equally well on red cells suspended in saline solution and on clotted, oxalated, or ACD-collected blood. It has proved to be very quick, simple to perform, and accurate. I t seems to be well suited for pretesting patients' blood specimens in order to select the appropriate Rh type donor blood for compatibility testing.


Up to 19% of women are being incorrectly determined as having dense or non-dense breasts due to inconsistency in measuring breast density. Moreover, supplemental breast cancer screenings for women with dense breasts are greatly increasing the chance of both true and false positive results, says research published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.


The current economic recession has resulted in a sharp increase in the numbers of managers who have become unemployed. Through the Training Services Agency these managers are being provided with the opportunity to attend courses, the aim of which is to provide them with management education and to give them skill and knowledge in job-seeking. These two factors have together led to a growth in the literature on the 'problems' of unemployed managers. Among the more recent contributors to this literature have been Page (1976, 1977), Mather (1977), Brown (1977), Beer and Swaffin-Smith (1976) and Wood (1975).