Osmotic dehydration is a process in which partial water is removed by immersion of water containing a cellular solid in a concentrated aqueous solution of high osmotic media (hypertonic media) for a specified time. It has potential advantages of less heat damage, good blanching effect, less enzymatic browning, better retention of flavor, colour, texture and energy saving because no phase change occurs. New methodologies, such as ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration, have been implemented as an alternative pretreatment associated to drying procedures. Reduction of drying time as well as processing costs have recently been reported at the experimental scale after research conducted on several horticultural commodities [1, 2]. Ultrasound has been recently studied and applied as a pretreatment to drying techniques and has shown positive effect on the mass transfer rate during drying [3]. Combination of osmotic dehydration and ultrasound process can be applied as a non-thermal pretreatment for saving energy, accelerate drying rate and reducing product quality damage. Ultrasound power produces cavitations of bubbles, causes making microscopic channels, which leads to lower resistance to water diffusion and subsequently enhancing drying rate [4], [5]. Osmotic dehydration of whole Aonla is novel phenomena to keep the fruit intact after drying helps in reduction in laborious job of cutting Aonla into slices as well as more retention of ascorbic acid by reducing oxidation losses.


A detailed experimental investigation on the dy- namic fracture of a cylindrical shell with internal and exter- nal grooves subjected to internal explosive loading was car- ried out. Distributions of fragment velocities and fragment masses were measured and analyzed for specimens with different depths of the external grooves and different ex- plosive materials, with the internal grooves of a fixed rec- tangular shape. Based on the experimental results, corre- sponding numerical simulations using the commercial soft- ware LS-DYNA were undertaken. By inspecting the frag- ments recovered from the experiments and the numerical results, the dynamic fracture of the casing led to fragments of approximately three shapes: a large cuboid fragment, a small cuboid fragment, and two irregular fragments formed by three classical fracture trajectories. The forma- tion mechanism of fragment shapes was analyzed using the fracture trajectories. A good agreement has been ob- tained between the numerical and experimental results. Fi- nally, a parametric study for the casing thickness, grid pat- terns of the grooves and explosive materials was carried out in order to investigate the effects of fracture. The re- sults showed that grid patterns of grooves and explosive materials had significant effects on the fracture mechanism of the casing. The numerical technique was used to predict the dynamic fracture of casing with internal and external grooves under internal explosive loading and for structural design in order to achieve desirable fragments with con- trolled shapes.


The quantitative relations that a person tacitly assumes to exist between the variables govern- ing an ordinary physical phenomenon constitute the intuitive law of this phenomenon. Recent data suggest that intuitive laws match the respective physical laws when one can experience these quantitative relations. People typically have experience with only part of the quantita- tive relations between the variables that govern the phenomenon of buoyancy. The intuitive law of buoyancy was accordingly found to only partially match the respective physical law.


T HE PRIMARY infection of the tubercle bacillu s rarely gives rise to clinical features. I t pas ses unnoticed unless detected during routine x-ray. In a few cases ther e is a definite febrile illness during the primary infection which last s for less than a fortnight and may be accompanied by other clini cal features of tuberculous toxaemia. In other cases, the primary infection pursues the progr essive course and complica tions ma y develop. These include pleurisy, wet or dry, collapse of a lobe or segm ent of the lung, ac u te pneumonic tuberculosis, acute miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis. These complications arise when the primary infection fails to heal and ditTuse dissemination within the lung and more widely by blood-borne spread occurs. The clinical features of post-primary tuberculosis vary grea tly from case to case. The onse t is usually insidious; the gradual development of features of toxaemia whi ch include lassitude, malaise, anorexia, loss of weight, night sweats, fever and tachycardia is followed by the local effects of tuber culosis lesions . These are of great diversity and include cough, sputum and haemoptysis, pleuritic pain, laryngeal involvement, and, in fact, involvement of any system in the body. The elinical picture of the fully de veloped case is well known. The emaciated ashen-looking patient with a productive cough spells a grave prognosis. The more widespread use of miniature mass radiography is enabling detection at an early stage, and the new chemotherapeutic agents with the recent advances in surgica l technique are of greatest value.


Through analysis on forming reasons of leakage points,the repair and revamp measures and prevention cautions are presented.Do it by that,the use life of ammonia neutralization reactor can be effectively prolonged.


This paper analises the historic evolution of the «actualist» and "catastrophist" geologic interpretations, describes posible epistemologic obstacles and considers their treatment in the Secondary School.


The article presents new Polish vocabulary concerning the names of models of family life (inter alia multifamily, monoparental, monorail, visiting, nomadic, gay, reconstructed, patchwork, DINKS, LAT), functioning in contemporary public discourse (non-specialist). In the background – after recalling the definition of the word family and reference to use in law – there are considerations about extending the meaning of the word and naming it non-traditional forms of family-marriage life. The text also drew attention to the process of re-evaluating certain expressions, such as the large family, and departing from terms that had negative connotations, such as family, incomplete, broken family, single parenting, for neutered connections, for example, multi-family reconstructed, monoparent. Such treatments are also seen in the names referring to other groups, such as the elderly (seniors, nestors) or single (single), and partly due to the fight against discrimination (political correctness), and in part from the intensification of demographic processes themselves (aging, changes in life patterns, increasing divorce and various informal relationships).


Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-supported Pt–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles with various feed molar ratios (denoted as PtxPdy/MWCNTs) are successfully prepared for the first time by a simple method of pyrolysis without any additional reducing agent. The obtained PtxPdy/MWCNTs catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results show that PtxPdy particles with an average particle size of ∼4.0 nm are dispersed quite uniformly on the surface of MWCNTs. The electrocatalytic activity of the PtxPdy/MWCNTs catalysts toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in basic


We have developed a new and powerful method to study the movement and function of upper airway muscles. Our method is to use direct electrical stimulation of individual upper airway muscles, while performing state of the art high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We have adapted a paralyzed isolated UA cat model so that positive or negative static pressure in the UA can be controlled at specific levels while electrical muscle stimulation is applied during MRI. With these techniques we can assess the effect of muscle stimulation on airway cross-sectional area compliance and soft tissue motion. We are reporting the preliminary results and MRI techniques which have enabled us to examine changes in airway dimensions which result form electrical stimulation of specific upper airway dilator muscles. The results of this study will be relevant to the development of new clinical treatments for obstructive sleep apnea by providing new information as to exactly how upper airway muscles function to dilate the upper airway and the strength of stimulation required to prevent the airway obstruction when overall muscle tone may not be sufficient to maintain regular breathing.


A certain famous linendraper, taking a day's holiday after " twice ten tedious years," was delayed at the last moment by three customers whose minds were ill to suit. More than a hundred years have passed, but the three customers continue to come in at the last moment, and the quarter of a million of shop assistants, the descendants of the apprentices of Gilpin's day, are the sufferers by reason of the long hours they have to work. For, difficult as it is to generalise on a subject so vast and complex as that of the modern conditions of shop life, it is safe to say


As cloud computing grows, the types of computational hardware available in the cloud are diversifying. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are a relatively new addition to high-performance computing in the cloud, with the ability to accelerate a range of different applications, and the flexibility to offer different cloud computing models. A new and growing configuration is to have the FPGAs directly connected to the network and thus reduce the latency in delivering data to processing elements. We survey the state of the art in FPGAs in the cloud and present the Open Cloud Testbed, a testbed for research and experimentation into new cloud platforms, which includes network-attached FPGAs in the cloud.


A theoretical scheme to evaluate the long‐time effects of hydrogen bond fluctuations on water dynamics is carefully reexamined in the light of recent experimental results of quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). A molecular dynamics computer simulation is also carried out on a fairly large (343 TIP4P molecules) sample and for a total time of ≈100 ps. at three temperatures. The length of the runs has allowed to obtain good results for a number of properties. Also the temperature dependence of the static dielectric constant agrees with the experimental data. Further, some crucial predictions of our theoretical model have been carefully checked. The prediction on the deviation from Fick's law is found to be in a satisfactory accord with the results of our computer simulation. The reasons for the less satisfactory agreement with the low‐temperature results of QENS are discussed.


In this paper, the trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance for a car-like mobile robot (CLMR) within distributed active-vision network-space system (DAVNSS) via three fuzzy variable structure decentralized controls (FVSDCs) is developed. To implement trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance, two distributed wireless CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras individually driven by two stepping motors, i.e., active CCD1 and active CCD2 (or ACCD1 and ACCD2), are constructed to capture the dynamic pose of the CLMR or obstacle. The proposed control system includes quad-processors with multiple sampling rates. One personal computer is first employed to receive the image of the CLMR or obstacle from ACCD1 or ACCD2 by wireless transmitter, and then to plan three reference commands for the CLMR, ACCD1, and ACCD2, which are individually received by three digital signal processors (DSPs). The six-step image processing and the calibration between the world coordinate and the image plane coordinate using multilayer perceptrons (MLP) are established. Finally, a sequence of experiments is carried out to confirm the performance of the proposed control system.


Fifteen different plants used in traditional Indian medicine were examined against eight fungal species viz. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium verticillioides (Synonym F. moniliforme), Fusarium solani and Penicillium sp. using the agar disc diffusion method. The alcoholic extracts of 15 plants exhibited varying degrees of inhibition activity against the above seed borne fungi. Seven of the 15 plants studied had antifungal activity against above listed fungi while the remaining had no antifungal activity. Extent of activity also differed with the part of the plant used.


procedures such as arterial blood gas analysis. Additional applications of ETC02 monitoring may include patient monitoring during conscious sedation, documentation of endotracheal tube placement during intubation, and as a means to judge the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We have found ETC02 monitoring a valuable adjunct to other monitors during sedation, both in and outside the operating room. Although the use of pulse oximetry is recommended because hypoxemia is significantly more detrimental than hypercarbia, there


The intrasubband and intersubband absorption of light by free charge carriers in a semiconductor nanowire upon scattering by polar optical phonons mediated by Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions has been studied. The dependence of the absorption coefficient on the energy of the incident photon is investigated by counting the transitions between different conduction subbands. It is shown that the spin-orbit interaction leads to an increase in the coefficient of intrasubband and intersubband absorption of light, with the peaks of the absorption coefficient being determined by the energies of the absorbed photon and the absorbed or emitted phonon. In this case, the difference between the values of the absorption coefficients with or without spin-orbit interaction has maximum in the range of the local minimum of the absorption coefficient obtained by ignoring the spin-orbit coupling.


In lieu of an abstract, here is the first paragraph of the editorial introduction: We are thrilled to introduce the inaugural edition of The Seneca Falls Dialogues Journal. This multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed, online journal grows out of the Biennial Seneca Falls Dialogues (SFD), a biennial conference launched in October 2008 to celebrate the 160th anniversary of the first women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York and the 60th anniversary of Eleanor Roosevelt's Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Disciplines English Language and Literature Comments Digital Commons @Brockport © 2015 Originally published as: LeSavoy, Barbara and Uman, Deborah (2015) "Editorial Introduction to The Seneca Falls Dialogues Journal, v. 1," The Seneca Falls Dialogues Journal: Vol. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/sfd/vol1/iss1/2 This editorial is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/english_facpub/36 The Seneca Falls Dialogues Journal Volume 1 Ecofeminism: Cultivating Place and Identity Article 2


This study investigates the use of a tendon-driven continuum robot to deform a soft object, whereas the robot body is deformed into an arbitrary shape to adapt to a constrained environment. A dynamic estimator (DE) is developed to approximate the Jacobian matrix that associates the actuator input with the deformed output of the soft object. This helps solve the singularity problem and reduce the effects of noise. Then a visual predictive controller (VPC) with a reference trajectory is developed to ensure a smooth operation. A linear extended-state observer (ESO) is further designed to measure the robot states, such that the controller can compensate for the estimation error. Simulations and experiments are performed to verify the proposed control approach. Note to Practitioners—The motivation of this article is to solve the problem of automatic deformation control of soft objects in restricted environments. The existing soft object deformation control is achieved using rigid robots in an open environment, but rigid robots are difficult to use in specific applications where the environment is restricted (e.g., natural orifice surgery). Flexible continuum robots with mechanical compliance can manipulate soft objects in narrow spaces. However, due to environmental constraints, the robot body may be deformed into any shape regardless of the input of the actuator. To solve the problem, this research provides a new visual servo control strategy that deforms soft objects using a continuum robot in a restricted environment. The proposed method can control a flexible robot to manipulate soft objects while taking into account the change in the robot configuration in a restricted environment.


Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) is used to study the decomposition kinetics of erbium hydride thin films. The TDS results presented in this report are analyzed quantitatively using Redhead's method to yield kinetic parameters (EA~54.2 kcal/mol), which are then utilized to predict hydrogen outgassing in vacuum for a variety of thermal treatments. Interestingly, it was found that the activation energy for desorption can vary by more than 7 kcal/mol (0.30 eV) for seemingly similar samples. In addition, small amounts of less-stable hydrogen were observed for all erbium dihydride films. A detailed explanation of several approaches for analyzing thermal desorption spectra to obtain kinetic information is included as an appendix.


Explicit expressions for the hypergeometric series 2F1(−n, a; 2a±j; 2) and 2F1(−n, a;−2n±j; 2) for positive integer n and arbitrary integer j are obtained with the help of generalizations of Kummer's second and third summation theorems obtained earlier by Rakha and Rathie. Results for |j| ≤ 5 derived previously using different methods are also obtained as special cases. Two applications are considered, where the first summation formula is applied to a terminating 3F2(2) series and the confluent hypergeometric function 1F1(x) .


Der p2 is a major allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the main species of house dust mite and a major inducer of asthma, inducing harmful respiratory inflammatory responses by activating cells in the respiratory tract, leading to an unstable status. We hypothesize that Der p2 may induce local inflammatory responses by directly affecting airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. In this study, we demonstrated that Der p2 raised nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation and induced a high level of proinflammatory cytokines expression in primary cultured ASM cells. Der p2 activated the MyD88 signaling pathway through toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2, not through TLR4. Notably, Der p2 stimulated ASM cells to increase phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and expression of c‐Fos, which were also important in the T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response. These results suggest that Der p2 induces asthma through the MyD88 signaling pathway in respiratory tissue. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 311–318, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The NASA Glenn Research Center was the major contributor of 2-kW-class ion thruster technology to the Deep Space 1 mission, which was successfully completed in early 2002. Recently, NASA s Office of Space Science awarded approximately $21 million to Glenn to develop higher power xenon ion propulsion systems for large flagship missions such as outer planet explorers and sample return missions. The project, referred to as NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT), is a logical follow-on to the ion propulsion system demonstrated on Deep Space 1. The propulsion system power level for NEXT is expected to be as high as 25 kW, incorporating multiple ion thrusters, each capable of being throttled over a 1- to 6-kW power range. To date, engineering model thrusters have been developed, and performance and plume diagnostics are now being documented. The project team-Glenn, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, General Dynamics, Boeing Electron Dynamic Devices, the Applied Physics Laboratory, the University of Michigan, and Colorado State University-is in the process of developing hardware for a ground demonstration of the NEXT propulsion system, which comprises a xenon feed system, controllers, multiple thrusters, and power processors. The development program also will include life assessments by tests and analyses, single-string tests of ion thrusters and power systems, and finally, multistring thruster system tests in calendar year 2005. In addition, NASA's Office of Space Science selected Glenn to lead the development of a 25-kW xenon thruster to enable NASA to conduct future missions to the outer planets of Jupiter and beyond, under the High Power Electric Propulsion (HiPEP) program. The development of a 100-kW-class ion propulsion system and power conversion systems are critical components to enable future nuclear-electric propulsion systems. In fiscal year 2003, a team composed of Glenn, the Boeing Company, General Dynamics, the Applied Physics Laboratory, the Naval Research Laboratory, the University of Wisconsin, the University of Michigan, and Colorado State University will perform a 6-month study that will result in the design of a 25-kW ion thruster, a propellant feed system, and a power processing architecture. The following 2 years will involve hardware development, wear tests, single-string tests of the thruster-power circuits and the xenon feed system, and subsystem service life analyses. The 2-kW-class ion propulsion technology developed for the Deep Space 1 mission will be used for NASA's discovery mission Dawn, which involves maneuvering a spacecraft to survey the asteroids Ceres and Vesta. The 6-kW-class ion thruster subsystem technology under NEXT is scheduled to be flight ready by calendar year 2006. The less mature 25- kW ion thruster system under HiPEP is expected to be ready for a flight advanced development program in calendar year 2006.


In contaminated sites, remediation measures mostly depend on previous high-resolution site characterization (HRSC) results. In the case of industrial sites, where there is a high pollution risk for groundwater, many hydrogeological models are often achieved using stratigraphy results of geological drilling after the monitoring network design. This approach is only sometimes possible when contaminant back diffusion from small low-permeability lenses and layers occurs within a high-permeability aquifer. This framework needs a significant resolution that can be obtained by coupling preliminary stratigraphic data with specific in situ activities. Results from these additional investigations may help to locate low-permeability layers and, consequently, to identify the most vulnerable areas towards which groundwater management must be deepened. The use of gamma rays in combination with the analysis of the pluviometric and hydrometric data and together with the time series of the concentrations of a given analyte can provide indispensable support for site characterization, the development of numerical groundwater contamination models and remediation procedures when back diffusion occurs. In this study, within an industrial site in the province of Benevento (Italy), based on stratigraphy, a 3D hydrogeological model has been set up and coupled with results of natural gamma radioactivity logs to detect the release of Chromium VI from low-permeability lenses.


The comparisons of the new offered optimum three-segment and the previously considered five-segment variants of the space vectors switching sequence are continued in values of the first three orders of the n-order integral voltage harmonics factors and in values of the first three orders of some unified indices, the so-called n-order aggregate switchings and integrated voltage harmonics factors. The corresponding dependencies on the amplitude modulation index are presented. The simulation results have proved the clear superiority of the new offered three-segment sequence in the main aggregate index values. The offered voltage source multilevel inverter space vector PWM algorithm of two delta voltages with the optimum three-segment vectors switching sequence variant can find industrial application due to its simplicity.


The research study was aimed to document the awareness of zinc importance in human health as, Zinc is involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism. Zinc is so important because it is found in every tissue in the body and is directly involved in cell division. It is a powerful antioxidant, helping to prevent cancer, but zinc also is directly involved in the maintenance of that ideal hormone levels. Zinc deficiency is characterized by growth retardation, loss of appetite, and impaired immune function. zinc deficiency causes hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, hypogonadism in males, and eye and skin lesions ,Weight loss, delayed healing of wounds, taste abnormalities, and mental lethargy can also occur.The participants was selected randomly and asked to fill a questionnaire form that presents with the symptoms related to zinc deficiency. The majority of the peoples are found to be having just a few symptoms of zinc deficiency while minority of the peoples are facing symptoms related to zinc deficiency problem and they are still unaware of this. The majority of the group of populations is unaware that they are concerned with the symptoms which are mainly caused due to the deficiency of zinc and it should not be neglected. They should readily recommend those diets or zinc supplements which could be helpful to reduce such symptoms.


The paper focuses on communication issues between forced migrants and the hosting country staff at the border crossing points and temporary camps. The research based on case studies. The paper covers general situation and its repercussions that are grounded on official statistics. The research hypothesis rested on the statement that special programs are required to facilitate communication and terminate tension between large groups of people from impoverished communities which share shelter on the current territories – all the events may lead to tension and misunderstanding. The research aim was to identify general approaches and key components to design implement training of the border and camp staff who are the forefront forces to adapt forced migrants to new living conditions. The mentioned goal required a number of steps to be undertaken. First, the forced migrants profile had to be mapped, the temporary camps population had to be studied, and the forms of their members' interaction were supposed to be explored. With regard to the relevant findings the training program components were explored and identified. Particular attention was drawn to the temporary camp staff profile and the staff features as responsibilities. Cultural differences between indigenous personnel hired in third world countries and the expatriate recruited members of IGOs, donors from outside and transnational NGOs came to the research focus, as well. The research methodology stood on literature review and empirical studies of refugee camps' staff opinions and refugees' experiences. The relevant data were taken from the media, refugees' blogs, face-to-face interviews. Totally, 34 face to face interviews were conducted with representatives of 5 ethnic groups, 58 blog posts were analyzed. The research results allowed for mapping key factors and strategies that should be taken into consideration to design a training program for the border and camp staff to effectively communicate with refugees. The research also allowed identifying those communicative skills that are a must for the border and camp staff of the hosting nation. The preliminary components of the training program were specified, as well.


Feature extraction is vital for face recognition. In this paper, we focus on the general feature extraction framework for robust face recognition. We collect about 300 papers regarding face feature extraction. While some works apply handcrafted features, other works employ statistical learning methods. We believe that a general framework for face feature extraction consists of four major components: filtering, encoding, spatial pooling, and holistic representation. We analyze each component in detail. Each component could be applied in a task with multiple levels. Then, we provide a brief review of deep learning networks, which can be seen as a hierarchical extension of the framework above. Finally, we provide a detailed performance comparison of various features on LFW and FERET face database.


From the Publisher:
Halbert examines the expansion of intellectual property rights in the information age. She critiques the theoretical foundations and current American approach to copyright law, and she suggests that we should not extend copyright law without critically assessing the impact such a move would have on the free exchange of information.


ABSTRACT Surveys of the microhabitat distribution of adult butterfly species were undertaken at three rain forest sites in North Queensland, Australia, encompassing a range of rain forest vegetation types. These surveys found little evidence for a specialist canopy fauna. Most species recorded in the canopy were often seen close to the ground. At all sites, most species were observed at the edge of the rain forest habitat; within the rain forest, more species were observed near the ground than in the canopy.


This study was designed to evaluate the clinical significance and prognostic impact of the total diameter of enlarged lymph nodes (TDL) on preoperative multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in gastric cancer (GC).


Summary Field trials in Northern Nigeria have shown that the yield of introduced varieties of maize can be economically improved with combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Three response areas have been defined. In the south, where most of the maize is grown, the initial response is to nitrogen. Further north, with the exception of one small area in which the response is almost entirely to phosphorus, phosphorus and nitrogen and equal limiting factors. Estimates of the most profitable combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus to use in each area have been obtained from quadratic response surfaces fitted to the yield data of the experiments.


The paper introduces a theory of "emosphere". It is based on Yuri Lotman's concept of semiosphere, where signs get their meanings only in the dialogue across and over their boundaries. This is also the case with the emosphere: the dialogic sphere of emotions exists before a single emotion, e.g. anger becomes anger only when it is distinguished from fear or joy. This dialogue, a continuous process of changes, a layered universe of emotions, forms a hermeneutic circle: new knowledge is filtered by the previously earned knowledge, and vice versa, new knowledge modifies earlier knowledge. The theory of emosphere aims to conceptualize some basic communicational and wider social questions (nature vs. culture, individual vs. universal, and especially their interaction) and to show that sense precedes emotions.


Lack of reliable operational methods makes it difficult for potential users to benefit from infrared survey systems which are already well tested technically. In order to develop operational routines for the use of thermography for building and district heating network applications, airborne, mobile and handheld infrared systems have been tested in two different investigation areas. Provided that perturbing factors were taken into consideration and surveys were made during stable weather conditions, with low windspeed, the infrared system tested was found to have good accuracy and low operational cost. An aircraft equipped with an infrared line scanner (8-14 μm) seems to be the best system for surveying larger areas, while helicopter and mobile thermovision systems (8 - 14 μm), are preferable for smaller investigation areas. The best way to analyze thermograms seems to be with an interactive computer-based image analysis systems.


The current research investigates how childhood wealth has perpetuating influences on directive and empowering leadership. With the data from 203 leaders at a health food company in Korea, we found that leaders from low childhood wealth, relative to those from high childhood wealth, have stronger motivation to control organizational resources in the workplace. Such motivation was related positively to directive leadership – leader behaviors that closely manage organizational resources by specifying goals, means of achieving goals, and performance standard –, but negatively to empowering leadership – leader behaviors that share the rights of controlling organizational resources (power) with employees. In addition, we found that sufficiency of organizational resources moderates the mediated relationships between childhood wealth, motivation to control organizational resources, and leadership. The motivation mediated the relationship between childhood wealth and the two leadership styles only when the organi...


The paper presents the results of the study of geopolymer composites reinforced with carbon and aramid fibers. Geopolymers were made on the basis of fly ash activated with 10 mole sodium hydroxide solution with an addition of aqueous sodium silicate solution. The fibers were introduced in the form of a roving. Carbon fibers 800 tex and aramid fibers 805 tex were used. Additionally, to compare the influence of the number of fibers on the properties of geopolymer composites for carbon fiber, 1600 tex fiber was also used. The flexural strength of composites made with the fibers was tested. Fiber reinforced geopolymer composites showed a higher value of flexural strength than unreinforced ones. The higher value was noted for carbon fiber reinforced composites (800 tex) compared to aramid fiber roving composites (805 tex). The study also showed that the application of higher fiber mass in the case of carbon fiber roving does not bring the expected increase in mechanical properties of the composites. The use of carbon fiber roving (1600 tex) resulted in a lower flexural strength than in the case of 800 tex roving. Double increase of fiber mass in the composite caused a decrease in strength parameters.


The objective of the paper is to model the effects of several policy and price scenarios between 2006 and 2021 on a few French and Italian arable farm households. It uses a multi-criteria dynamic programming model of farm households, calibrated on primary data from a survey of single farms through a questionnaire. Simulation results show that, as expected, reducing or cutting payments from 2013 onwards (Scenarios 3) have a stronger negative impact on farming activities than maintaining the payments does (Scenarios 2). However, a reduction in payments has a less pronounced impact on income from farming than a decrease in prices does. But a combination of price decrease and payment reduction may lead to abandonment by some farms. Results also highlight that adaptation of farm activities is more important than investment as a reaction to both policy and price changes.


A bidirectional cylinder-shaped rotary rice grinding and polishing device is provided to restrain rotating brown rice from being broken in bumping against a rice polishing projection, by excluding the rice polishing projection and to grind all parts of the brown rice equally by smoothly guiding the rotational motion of the brown rice through a hanging curve. In a bidirectional cylinder-shaped rotary rice grinding and polishing device, a rice polishing roll(52) is formed in the shape of an empty cylinder, rotated in one direction, and composed of a diamond coated layer formed on the outer peripheral surface and plural vent holes(54) penetrating through the inner and outer peripheral surfaces. A movable jig(78) is separated from the outer peripheral surface of the rice polishing roll at a predetermined gap, formed in a shape of an empty cylinder, and rotated in the opposite direction of the rice polishing roll. Plural fixed bars(68) are settled and attached to the inner peripheral surface of the movable jig. Plural rice polishing nets(56) are fitted between the fixed bars, respectively.


Author version. Citation: APPITA Journal 69(4), 331-338 Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Sizing Treatment and Charge Interactions in Recycled Paper AHSEN EZEL BİLDİK, MARTIN A. HUBBE, and K. BAHATTIN GÜRBOY 1* Department of Forest Products Chemistry and Technology Istanbul University, Bahcekoy, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34473, Turkey 2 Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, ABD 3 Department of Forest Products Chemistry and Technology Istanbul University, Bahcekoy, Sariyer, Istanbul 34473, Turkey Corresponding author e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


MOSFET (1) is provided with a groove formed in the main surface (10A) of the semiconductor substrate, a gate oxide film (30), a gate electrode (40) and the source interconnect (60). The semiconductor substrate (10) comprises a n-type drift layer (12) and the p-type layer (13). Grooves are such that the penetration layer (13) and the way of the drift layer (12) formed arrival. The trench surrounding an active region comprising a manner such that a two-dimensional look at the outer Zhou Bian of the positioning groove (22). From the outer Zhou Bian groove (22) See, in the active region of the side opposite to the main surface (10A) on which the layer is formed (13) fixed potential zone (1OC) exposure. Source interconnect (60) is such that, when positioned on a two-dimensional look-localizing activity. Fixed potential zone (1OC) is electrically connected to the source interconnect (60).


Similarity and difference in tradition of Tajik, Russian and some other peoples of the world giving a name from the ancient time till now is considered in this article.


DNA replication stress (DRS), i.e. the abnormal slowing or stalling of DNA replication fork (RF) progression, is recognized as an important cause of genomic instability that in turn drives cancer development (reviewed in [1]). However, DRS is also central to cancer treatment; indeed, genotoxic anti-cancer agents including platinum compounds and nucleoside analogues selectively eliminate rapidly-dividing tumour cells by inhibiting the progression of replicative DNA polymerases. In addition, certain cancer-associated genetic aberrations, e.g, BRCA1/2 mutations in breast and ovarian tumours, have been shown to compromise the integrity of stalled RF, thereby conferring sensitivity to genotoxic chemotherapeutics [2]. The above considerations have spurred considerable research on the molecular underpinnings of DRS, with the ultimate goal of developing new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for clinical management of cancer. Stalled RF are characterized by abnormally long stretches of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) which become rapidly coated by heterotrimeric Replication Protein A (RPA). RPA-bound ssDNA then stages the recruitment and activation of Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase. This triggers the "intra-S phase checkpoint" phosphorylation cascade, culminating in stabilization of stalled RF and inhibition of DNA replication origin firing. Cells defective in intra-S phase checkpoint signalling, e.g. upon treatment with ATR inhibitors, fail to restrain new origin firing upon DRS, which exacerbates the consequences of RF stalling by greatly increasing the production of ssDNA. This engenders so-called "replication catastrophe" i.e., massive generation of ssDNA-RPA complexes, which exhausts the cellular pool of RPA leading to collapse of persistently-stalled RF, formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), and cell death [3]. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes helixdestabilizing replication-blocking DNA lesions induced by a plethora of genotoxins including UV light and platinumbased chemotherapy compounds such as cisplatin (CDDP). In addition to its well-documented functions in the S phase checkpoint and DNA replication, RPA plays Editorial


It is a commonplace among those who have studied the reception of Terence that during the Middle Ages, Terence's meter was not under stood — many manuscripts, even very good ones, copied the text as prose, and some of the best scholars of this tradition occasionally imply that this was the case with nearly ali medieval manuscripts of Terence.1 The most important medieval imitators of Terence in the Middle Ages (Hrosvitha is the most obvious example) recognized the text as metrical, but could not analyze it, nor could they compose verse according to its implied rules. The wide use of Terence as a phrasebook for learning Latin (a record found in such works as Vulgaria Terentia and Udall's Floures for Latin Speaking) left no place for meter, and may well have contributed to the metrical chaos by destabilizing source texts in the interest of syntactic clarity.2 References to the difficulty of these meters are common throughout the medieval and Renaissance periods and the often-quoted statement in the tenth-century fragment Terentius et Delusor has many variants: "An


Introduction: Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) dissociates free superoxide radicals and provides protection against oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of promotor region 50 bp Indel SOD1 polymorphism with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic mellitus among Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study comprised of n=359 subjects, divided into n=178 type 2 diabetic patients and n=181 controls. Screening of SOD1 promotor 50 bp Indel polymorphism was carried out by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical interpretations were done by software SPSS® version 20.0 and SNPStats©. Results: Genotype distribution pattern of SOD1 polymorphism indicated that homozygous mutant D/D genotype frequency was two folds reduced in T2DM (0.01) in comparison to controls population (0.02). Heterozygous I/D genotype frequency was higher in T2DM subjects (0.22) as compared to controls (0.17). An insignificant association of SOD1 polymorphism was detected with predisposition of T2DM (OR=1.14, Fisher's exact=2.0, p=0.325). Genetic analysis further revealed that dominant model showed significant association against the pathogenicity of disease (OR=0.45, p<0.05). Conclusion: SOD1 50 bp Indel polymorphism inferred no significant association with susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan. However, a significant contribution of dominant SOD1 genotype was evident in a defensive response against the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus


In a smart grid, effective distributed control algorithms could be embedded in distributed controllers to properly allocate electrical power among connected buses autonomously. By selecting the incremental cost of each generation unit as the consensus variable, the Incremental Cost Consensus (ICC) algorithm can solve the economic dispatch problem in a distributed manner instead of using conventional centralized approaches. In this paper, we further decrease the requirement of the communication network by using an average consensus algorithm to acquire the system power mismatch information. The mathematical formulation of the algorithms is also presented in this paper. In addition, the results of several case studies are presented to show the convergence rate of the ICC algorithm and the comparison between the previous ICC and the new two-level ICC algorithm.


The hierarchy of color processing areas in the human brain starts from cone-opponent signals in the retina. Relayed by the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), color information arrives at the primary visual cortex (V1) and area V2, where color contrast is computed (Conway, 2009). Later visual area V4 and 'globs' of neurons in ventral occipital cortex (immediately anterior to V4) are deemed important for color constancy and for the luminance-invariant coding of individual hues. Not only electrophysiological data from non-human primate studies (Conway, Moeller, & Tsao, 2007; Kotake, Morimoto, Okazaki, Fujita, & Tamura, 2009; Kusunoki, Moutoussis, & Zeki, 2006; Matsumora, Koida, & Komatsu, 2008; Stoughton & Conway, 2008; Zeki, 1980), but also neuroimaging and lesion studies in humans implicate the 'V4 complex' in higher order color processing (Barbur & Spang, 2008; Bartels & Zeki, 2000; Bouvier & Engel, 2006; McKeefry & Zeki, 1997). It is known howev‐ er, that V4 is not a color area per se, as it is also involved in shape and form processing (e.g. Schiller, 1995).


We compare and analyse two different conceptions of market competition: the walrasian notion of perfect competition and the Classical notion of free competition: while the former may be described as an equilibrium state in which atomistic agents treat prices parametrically, the latter is a situation in which agents, endowed by market power, fix prices strategically. We show that price undercutting or outbidding are the typical phenomena that, for the Classical authors, may be observed in a market characterized by free competition. We investigate some problematic aspects of the neoclassical notion of perfect competition and we reconstruct the Classical theory of free competition, as developed, in particular, by Adam Smith and Karl Marx, in the light of the modern notion of mixed strategies equilibria.


Abstract One commonly observed response pattern in a one-factor design with ordered treatment levels is the umbrella or unimodal ordering, in which the response variable increases with an increase in the treatment level up to a point, then decreases with further increase in the treatment level. The turning point is called the peak of an umbrella ordering. In many practical settings, there are two or more different populations with umbrella orderings, and it is of interest to compare these populations. In this article, likelihood ratio tests are developed for testing whether two groups with umbrella orderings have the same peaks. Three cases are considered: variances known, variances unknown and different for each group, and variances unknown and the same for both groups. Extensions to randomized block designs and to a more general class of testing problems are discussed.


Excellent continuing professional development programs comprehensively measure their key performance results with respect to several elements: academic achievements, financial results and quality of the programs offered. Additionally, the customer and people (staff) feedback needs to be critically reviewed, and societal impacts cannot be ignored. Based on the International Association for Continuing Engineering Education Quality Program SelfAssessment Model, the Engineering and Interdisciplinary Professional Education unit at the University of Kansas Continuing Education has developed a systematic process for selfassessment, quality management and financial sustainment, and charted a path for achieving excellence. This paper will focus on people, programs and processes, and will show the approach that this unit has taken to define the organizational leadership, implement the strategies and adhere to the University and the Continuing Education Division policies.


The thermodynamic efficiency characteristics of R245fa and water as working fluids have been analyzed for the electricity generation system applying the Rankine cycle to recover the waste heat of the exhaust gas from a diesel engine for the propulsion of a large ship. The theoretical calculation results showed that the cycle, system, and total efficiencies were improved as the turbine inlet pressure was increased for R245fa at a fixed mass flow rate. In addition, the net work rate generated by the Rankine cycle was elevated with increasing turbine inlet pressure. In the case of water, however, the maximum system efficiencies were demonstrated at relatively small ratios of mass flow rate and turbine inlet pressure, respectively, compared to those of R245fa. The optimized values of the net power of the cycle, system efficiency, and total efficiency for water had relatively large values compared to those of R245fa.


A new method for time-resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy imaging, to measure the time-of-arrival of the X-ray photons, is presented. This method promises an improvement in the time resolutions achievable with normal optics filling patterns.


Abstract. 1 The aphids Uroleucon tissoti and U.nigrotuberculatum both exhibit significantly aggregated distribution patterns across clumps of their common host plant Solidago altissima, the tall goldenrod. However, U.nigrotuberculatum is significantly more aggregated than is U.tissoti. We tested the hypothesis that goldenrod genotype‐by‐U.tissoti genotype interactions for aphid performance characters could partially account for this difference. 2 Only one of the characters we measured showed a significant genotype‐bygenotype interaction; therefore it is unlikely that such interactions affect the distribution of U.tissoti across goldenrod stems. 3 In addition, we found that three environmental variables (genetic variation for resistance to herbivory, host plant morphology, and local host density) affect the degree of aggregation found in both U.tissoti and U.nigrotuberculatum populations.


Nanostructured polymer-metal oxide composites are a current research area of great importance due to its highlight applications in sensors, optics, catalysts and drug delivery. Particularly the use of thermoresponsive polymers gives more flexibilities and possibilities in the design and construction of polymer templates. In the present investigation, the structure and magnetic properties of hybrid metal oxide/DBC films composed of two kinds of polystyrene-block-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)(PS-b-PNIPAM) diblock copolymers (DBCs) with PS and PNIPAM as the major polymer domains respectively, and iron oxide were investigated. The thermoresponsive PNIPAM has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solution at 32{\deg}C, which enables the controllable volume ratio of PS and PNIPAM in the structure of PS-b-PNIPAM diblock copolymers (DBCs). Thus, a temperature and humidity controlling cell was designed and built for precisely tuning the block structure of PS-b-PNIPAM DBCs, which was investigated by in-situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements. The superparamagnetic behavior of the heat-treated hybrid iron oxide/PS-b-PNIPAM DBC films was investigated using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer.


The purpose of this paper is to show the way of the environmental improvement and the support scheme for the sustainable urban living of the elderly. We grasped the 9 types of the elderly in KITA Ward seeing from the stability of the life condition. These types were characterized by the following viewpoints, that is, the lack of human relations or chance of going out, the anxiety and the instability of local living. In addition, the serious instable living types were distributed in the areas where the large-scale housing complex was built. Thus, it is important to analyze the urban life condition in the every block and to consider the measures for each local subject.


We have recently been presented with an excellent summary of what is known of granaries in civilian contexts in Roman Britain by Miss Pat Morris in her Agricultural Buildings in Roman Britain. Most prominent in her discussion, because they are most easily recognised, are granaries with raised floors. Among a number of granaries which Miss Morris discusses under the heading 'Unclassified' is a room in the villa at Pitney in Somerset. Professor Applebaum first suggested this was a granary, largely because of what seem from the plan to have been external buttresses. The purpose of this article is to propose a new class of granaries, including the room at Pitney, on the basis of their flooring.


The utility model provides a connecting rod positioning structure of an engine. Two small locating pins are arranged beside a connecting rod connecting screw bolt, and the positioning of a connecting rod cover and the connecting rod body is realized by the two locating pins. The positioning structure overcomes the defect of the positioning of a high precision screw bolt and a sleeve barrel. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, easy fabrication, reduced precision requirement to the connecting rod screw bolt, reduced processing cost and reduced weight of the big end of the connecting rod.


This paper analyzes typical aspects of Web based software production. A case study is carried out to identify how Web applications with high user interactivity and complex functionality must be produced. The results of the case study are confronted with literature's identified aspects, resulting in a process model which shows the need of the integrated multidisciplinary development and intensive user participation. Finally, limitations of this model are discussed in relation to differents Web application domains.


In the present paper, the resistance of flow through the labyrinth packing is experimentally studied, when the clearance is larger than that of 1st report. The feature of flow through the labyrinth is also observed by photographic method. Results obtained are as follows : 1) When the clearance (s) is about 0.1∼0.2 times as large as the groove breadth (B) and the flow is in the state of turbulent, the value of resistance coefficient λ reaches maximum. When the flow is laminar, the value of λ increases with the increase of the clearance and it approaches to the theoretical value calculated for co-axial cylinder without grooves. 2) The value of λ for turbulent flow becomes maximum, when the groove depth is about one-fourth of the groove breadth, but for laminar flow, it is independent of the groove depth. 3) For laminar flow, the value of λg·Re (λg : coefficient of resistance in the groove, Re : Reynolds number) depends only on the value of s/B. 4) By using above results, profile of labyrinth for maximum value of λ is determined.


This work examines the dynamic forces that are generated in catenary mooring lines when the top part of the line is subjected to a forcing function. The forcing function consists of a sinusoidal motion of fixed amplitude but varying frequency and varying angle in the vertical plane. The effect of changes in the pretension in the chain is also examined. -- Four different areas of response are classified by the response of the line and the characteristics of the force in the line observed over time. The force in each area is examined and the mechanism that generates these forces is discussed. The change of these forces with changes in the forcing function at the top end of the line is also examined. -- The model parameters for the catenary mooring system are identified and model tests performed. From these model tests it is possible to conclude that large structures such as oil rigs and large vessels will cause mooring lines to respond in a range where dynamic forces need not be taken into account. However, smaller objects such as buoys will suffer significant dynamic forces.


The authors have unveiled a novel mutation and have presented a great therapy for combating COVID-19 in IFNAR1 negative patients. Although the work seems scientifically sound but I have some questions and comments that authors should address prior to publication.


Abstract Background Neurocognitive impairments are a core and enduring feature of psychosis that continue to persist despite pharmacological interventions. Neurocognitive interventions have emerged as a supplementary treatment option to improve cognition in early psychosis patients. Recently, focus has shifted to using social cognitive training (SCT) as evidence suggests that targeting social cognition may lead to improvements not only in cognition but also in real-world functioning (Horan et al., 2011). This improvement is thought to be mediated by restoration of functional brain activity in patients undergoing neurocognitive interventions, especially associated with medial prefrontal cortex (Hooker et al., 2014). In this study, we report our interim findings of the effects of a 10-hour SCT on cognition and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Our hypothesis was that training would improve cognition and normalize functional connectivity. Methods In this randomized-controlled study, one recent onset psychosis (ROP) patient arm (n=18) underwent a 6-week (10-hour) computerized SCT (Brain HQ, Posit Science, https://www.brainhq.com/), while another naturalistic arm (n=18) received treatment as usual (TAU). Both treatment arms were assessed on a battery of neurocognitive tests and underwent a multimodal imaging protocol, including a 10 min resting-state fMRI, at two timepoints (baseline, T0; follow-up, FU). Seed-based voxel-wise rsFC was performed and individual-level rsFC correlation maps were calculated between the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the whole brain. Results The SCT group showed significant improvements in the domain of spatial working memory (p<0.05), processing speed (p<0.05) and resilience to both immediate and delayed memory decline over 6 weeks (p<0.05), as compared to TAU. Comparison of FC between the two measurement time points, suggested increased FC between mPFC and left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), as well as increased FC between mPFC and left somatosensory area in ROP patients that underwent SCT relative to TAU. Discussion We have shown improvements in processing speed, verbal memory, and spatial working memory that agree with previous studies using computerized cognitive interventions. Moreover, the improvement in the spatial working memory domain was significant in the most demanding test condition with 10 elements - indicative of benefits from the fine-tuning of higher-level executive functions. The neuroimaging results also suggested that the improvements may have been mediated by the improvement of FC in regions typically associated with social cognition and facial recognition (Adolphs et al., 2009). These results are in line with recent studies investigating not only the feasibility of SCT as an intervention, but also the effects on cognition and underlying neural alterations resulting from intensive computerized neurocognitive interventions (Hooker et al., 2012; Nahum et al., 2014; Subramaniam et al., 2014). Future studies using machine learning methods will be necessary to determine functional biomarkers in order to personalize SCT at the individual-level.


|Randomness testing is one of the essential and eas-iest tools for the evaluation of the features and quality of cryptographic primitives. The faster we can test, the greater volumes of data can be checked and evaluated and, hence, more detailed analyses may be conducted. This paper presents a method that signi(cid:12)cantly reduces the number of distances calculated in the minimum distance, Bickel-Breiman, and m nearest points tests. By introducing a probabilistic approach with an arbitrarily low probability of failure, the number of calculated distances proportional to the number of required distances and independent of the number of points was achieved. In the well-known Diehard's minimum distance and 3D spheres tests, the quantity of computations achieved is reduced by the factors of 394 and 771, respectively.


Since the nineteenth century, a central subtext of much writing about the early modern period has been the debate about "modernization. " When, why and how did people shed their traditional superstition, fatalism, parochialism, conservatism and communitarianism and don such modern characteristics as rationalism, entrepreneurship, internationalism, adaptability and individualism? Following Marx's epoch-making contribution, three seminal works engendered wide ranging discussion: Ferdinand T?nnies's Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887), Frederick Jackson Turner's "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893) and Max Weber's "Die protestantische Ethik und der 'Geist' des Kapitalismus" (1904-5).1 Though differing fundamentally on the causation and chronology of the process, all agreed that a prerequisite of modernization was the uprooting of people from ancestral ways and places. In the words of sociologist Wilbert E. Moore: If one were to attempt a one-word summary of the institutional requirements for economic development, that word would be mobility. Property rights, consumer goods and laborers must be freed from traditional bonds and restraints, from aristocratic traditions, quasi feudal arrangements, paternalistic and other multi-bonded relations.2 After World War II interest in developing nations led historians to seek to harness the insights and methods of anthropologists, sociologists, economists and demographers to their own explorations of change in premodern mentalities. This fillip to modernization studies popularized investigations of domestic and


Research Question: The research model proposes that (a) Managers' Attitude and Organizational Culture are fundamental in using Social Media for supply chain activities, and (b) Social Media Use increases Responsiveness and Operational Efficiency. Motivation: IT professionals are continuously improving advanced software programs for business activities to leverage their activities and benefits. Beside that there are Social Media platforms which provide online presence to the company and enhance communication of people. Literature has studies regarding the use of Social Media for supply chain activities which mainly focus on enhancing marketing and customer relationships and the integration of supply chains. However, there is scarcity of research from organizational and employee perspectives. Idea: This study aims to see the influence of Managers' attitude and Organizational culture for Social Media usage of supply chain professionals in their supply chain activities. Data: In order to test the relationships, a survey is conducted among 200 employees/professionals employed across 44 BiH SMEs which are parts of existing supply chains from various sectors. Tools: Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis-CFA and regression analysis are employed by using SPSS (version 20) software program. Findings: BiH companies have high operational efficiency and positive considerations about all model components. The results also show that the model works well in all dimensions. Contribution: This research serves as a good basis/template for similar future studies especially in BiH environment. Besides that, since there is few research from organizational and employee perspectives, this study purposes to see the impact of Managers' attitude and Organizational Culture for Social Media usage of supply chain professionals in their supply chain activities.


This paper explores the representation of culture in a corpus based on fifteen OpenCourseWare (OCW) lecture transcripts available from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Yale University. The corpus is divided into three components of five lectures each from the broad disciplinary areas of humanities, soft sciences, and hard sciences, thus allowing for a contrastive analysis of cultural references across different domains of specialized knowledge. The analytical approach is based on the concept of a "cultureme", i.e., a unit of analysis for a culture-specific phenomenon and its linguistic expression. The corpus was processed with the semantic annotation tool of Wmatrix that automatically assigns lexical items in a corpus to pre-established semantic domains. The lexical items in domains associated with human cultural experiences (e.g., education, religion, history, food and drinks, sports, the media, entertainment, geographical names, proper names) were then examined to identify culturemes. Extensive follow-up cross-domain analysis was necessary to tease out culture-specific meanings across the corpus. The results indicate that, although not present in high frequencies, a number of culturemes were dispersed throughout the corpus, with most referring to the domain of education, followed by government & politics and entertainment. The paper concludes with some reflections on the pedagogical implications of the findings in the context of helping L2 learners cope with the comprehension challenges of culture-specific meanings in lecture discourse.


Abstract The post-service impact of military experiences include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, substance misuse and several other adverse outcomes that persist well into older adulthood. As such, older military veterans are at risk of developing alcohol dependency and those with existing stressors from other identities are at the highest risk of engaging in binge drinking or heavy drinking. This study used the theory of intersectionality to examine alcohol misuse by veteran status and age, veteran status and race and veteran status and sex. Data were derived from the 2016, 2017 and 2018 Brief Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The BRFSS is an annual survey conducted over the phone in all 50 states and territories. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to examine alcohol misuse among adults aged 65+ by veteran status and the intersection between age, race, and sex. Results showed no interaction between veteran status and age, and no interaction between veteran status and sex. However, there was a significant interaction between veteran status and race, in that Black/Other race veterans were more likely to engage in both binge drinking and heavy drinking compared to White veterans, White nonveterans and nonveterans of the same race. Interventions geared towards this population should therefore engage culturally sensitive approaches that consider the historical and systemic factors that contribute to these disparities in rates of alcohol misuse among older military veterans.


In this study,different enzymes were used to pre-treat P-RC APMP pulp before refining in order to find out the enzymes which can be used for enzymatic beating of P-RC APMP.The enzymes treatment conditions(including the treatment temperature,time,pH,pulp concentration and refining conditions) were optimized and the feasibility of enzymatic beating of high yield pulp was evaluated.Results showed that the enzyme cellulase with the symbol of Novozyme 476 is suitable for the enzymatic beating of P-RC APMP,and the optimal conditions are: 55℃,pH value 6.5,enzyme treatment time 1.5 h,pulp consistency 3%,PFI mill refining time 90 s.At this condition,the beating degree increases by 9°SR when the refining conditions are the same as the control sample,and energy consumption can be saved by about 22.2% compared with the same beating degree.There is no negative impact caused by enzyme treatment on the paper strength.


We analysed 10 years (2008–2017) of continuous eddy covariance (EC) CO2 flux measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in a young pedunculate oak forest in Croatia. Measured NEE was gap-filled and partitioned into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem reparation (RECO) using the online tool by Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany. Annual NEE, GPP, and RECO were correlated with main environmental drivers. Net primary productivity was estimated from EC (NPPEC), as a sum of −NEE and Rh obtained using a constant Rh:RECO ratio, and from independent periodic biometric measurements (NPPBM). For comparing the NPP at the seasonal level, we propose a simple model that aimed at accounting for late-summer and autumn carbon storage in the non-structural carbohydrate pool. Over the study period, Jastrebarsko forest acted as a carbon sink, with an average (±std. dev.) annual NEE of −319 (±94) gC m−2 year−1, GPP of 1594 (±109) gC m−2 year−1, and RECO of 1275 (±94) gC m−2 year−1. Annual NEE showed high inter-annual variability and poor correlation with annual average global radiation, air temperature, and total precipitation, but significant (R2 = 0.501, p = 0.02) correlation with the change in soil water content between May and September. Comparison of annual NPPEC and NPPBM showed a good overall agreement (R2 = 0.463, p = 0.03), although in all years NPPBM was lower than NPPEC, with averages of 680 (±88) gC m−2 year−1 and 819 (±89) gC m−2 year−1, respectively. Lower values of NPPBM indicate that fine roots and grasses contributions to NPP, which were not measured in the study period, could have an important contribution to the overall ecosystem NPP. At a seasonal level, two NPP estimates showed differences in their dynamic, but the application of the proposed model greatly improved the agreement in the second part of the growing season. Further research is needed on the respiration partitioning and mechanisms of carbon allocation.


Natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia, ranging from a minor to a greater scale, doesn't define that the government will be more responsive to the conditions. Emergency aid tents isn't according to health standard and only offers basic assistance therefore if the victims is in need of further measures, such as surgeries, should be referred to the nearest hospital. Whereas a greater-scale disasters, hospitals around the area tend to be damaged and cannot operate optimally creating an increase on the traumatized victims or deceased. To answer this phenomenon, I had the idea to design an emergency hospital as substitution or complement to the function of the damaged hospitals around the area. Design process of this emergency hospital begin with analyzing the program and ergonomic inside a hospital and producing basic module for the emergency hospital. Then analyzing prefabricated systems that can response to the problems and limitations of the site, also how to construct and storing the modules. As the result, structure design of the modules will use folded & inflatable prefabricated system with the main material using carbon fiber for bracings, aluminum for frames, and ETFE cushion as filling. This system will enable the building to be constructed in quick time, easy, lightweight, and compact when in storage to allows more transportation option. For example, using the scenario of Bantul's earthquake in 2006, the hospital will be constructed out of 315 modules weighs only 47 ton and can accommodate up to 600 persons at a time.


A comment on an article by Viem Kwok and Hayne Leland concerning the relationship between asymmetric information and the brain drain of skilled labor from developing countries is presented. A reply by Kwok and Leland (p. 535) is also included. (ANNOTATION)


Mutual aid groups often serve as informal financial organizations that don't rely on any central authority or legal framework to resolve disputes. Rotating savings and credit associations (roscas) are informal financial organizations common in settings where communities have reduced access to formal financial institutions. In a rosca, a fixed group of participants regularly contribute small sums of money to a pool. This pool is then allocated periodically typically using lotteries or auction mechanisms. Roscas are empirically well-studied in the development economics literature. Due to their dynamic nature, however, roscas have proven challenging to examine theoretically. Theoretical analyses within economics have made strong assumptions about features such as the number or homogeneity of participants, the information they possess, their value for saving across time, or the number of rounds. This work presents an algorithmic study of roscas. We use techniques from the price of anarchy in auctions to characterize their welfare properties under less restrictive assumptions than previous work. We also give a comprehensive theoretical study of the various Rosca formats. Using the smoothness framework of Syrgkanis and Tardos [46] and other techniques we show that the most common rosca formats have welfare within a constant factor of the best possible. This evidence further rationalizes these organizations' prevalence as a vehicle for mutual aid. Roscas present many further questions where algorithmic game theory may be helpful; we discuss several promising directions.


Vol. 31, No. 3, 2013 18 16. Brazier JE, Harper R, Jones NMB, et al. Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care. BMJ. 1992;305(6846):160–164. 17. Garratt A, Schmidt L, Mackintosh A, Fitzpatrick R. Quality of life measurement: bibliographic study of patient assessed health outcome measures. BMJ. 2002;324(7351):1417. 18. Tsai C, Bayliss MS, Ware JE. SF-36® Health Survey Annotated Bibliography: Second Edition (1988-1996). Boston, MA: Health Assessment Lab, New England Medical Center; 1997. 19. Tsai C, Bayliss MS, Ware JE. SF-36® Health Survey Annotated Bibliography: Second Edition (1988-1996). Boston, MA: Health Assessment Lab, New England Medical Center; 1997. 20. Garson GD. Factor analysis. Statnotes: topics in multivariate analysis. www.faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/ pa765/statnote.htm. Accessed December 15, 2011. 21. Thompson B. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: understanding concepts and applications. Washington DC: American Psychological Association; 2004. 22. Kim J, Mueller CW. Factor Analysis: Statistical Methods and Practical Issues. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1978. 23. Henrica CW, de Vet HJ, Adler CB, Pouwer F. Are factor analytical techniques used appropriately in the validation of health status questionnaires? A systematic review on the quality of factor analysis of the SF-36. Qual Life Res. 2010;14(5):1203-1218. 24. Abdi H. Factor rotations in factor analysis. In: Encyclopedia of Social Sciences Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2003. 25. Field A. Exploratory factor analysis. In: Discovering Statistics Using SPSS for Windows. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publication Inc; 2000:423-470. 26. Cella D, Yount S, Sorensen M, Chartash E, Sengupta N, Grober J. Validation of the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy fatigue scale relative to other instrumentation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(5):811-819. 27. Muszalik M, Dijkstra A, Kędziora-Kornatowska K, Zielińska-Więczkowska H, Kornatowski T, Kotkiewicz A. Independence of elderly patients with arterial hypertension in fulfilling their needs in the aspect of functional assessment and quality of life (QoL). Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;52(3):204-209. 28. Quality of Life Concepts. University of Toronto, Centre of Health Promotion. www.utornoto.ca/qol/qol_model.htm. Accessed April 14, 2012.


Since health monitoring of shield tunnels generally employs multiple sensors belonging to different types,a fine analysis on massive monitoring data,as well as further quantitative health grading,is really challenging.An optimized fuzzy clustering analysis method based on the fuzzy equivalence relation is proposed for health monitoring of shield tunnels.Clustering results are auto-generated by using fuzzy similarity-valued map.The results follow the idea of unsupervised classification.Moreover,a convenient new health index HI is proposed for a fast tunnel-health grading.A case study on Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel is presented to validate this method.Three types of indicators,namely soil pressure,pore water pressure and steel strain,are used to develop the clustering model.The clustering results are verified by analyzing the engineering geological conditions;the validity and the efficacy of the proposed method are also demonstrated.Further,the fuzzy clustering analysis also represents a potential for identifying abnormal monitoring data.This investigation indicates the fuzzy clustering analysis method is capable of characterizing the fuzziness of tunnel health,and beneficial to clarify the tunnel health evaluation uncertainties.


Striae distensae are linear dermal scars, accompanied by overlying epidermal atrophy, and can result from rapid stretching of the skin associated with rapid growth and weight fluctuations, as well as hormonal changes associated with puberty, pregnancy, body building, and hormone replacement therapy. 1,2 Typically forming perpendicular to the direction of skin tension lines, younger striae distensae may present as flat, linear lesions with or without pruritus, and have a pinkish color, which over time can turn red or purple in color, then termed striae rubra. Older, longer-standing striae distensae lesions, known as striae alba, are typically atrophic in texture, hypopigmented (white) in color, and have a scar-like quality. 2-4


This is to trace The American"s hero, Christopher Newman"s pragmatic approaches to life. The fact that William James" philosophy of pragmatism and Henry James" work have distinct similarities makes this kind of approach worthwhile. Henry James" earlier novels usually highlight action more than introspection. But James" characters do reflect William James" philosophy because they are products of their own experience. Christopher Newman, the protagonist of The American, plays a role defined by Henry James" perception of the typical American. James" protagonist is not interested in finding out the only truth, or permanent set of truths behind European society. He is instead only interested in what things are like and what he can see and experience from the things which is new to him. William James" philosophy is permeated in this book in the reality of its free character, Newman, who does not fall back on tradition or socially constructed truth.


Utilize necessary and sufficient condition about system of homogeneous liner equations in Linear Algebra have nonzero solution,to proof some identity of elementary mathematics.


Driver pedal behavior models can benefit vehicle powertrain control and intelligent driving assistance system designs. This paper proposes a novel way to describe the pedal position signal by decomposing it into a series of actions and a nonlinear stochastic driver pedal behavior model is presented under the input-output hidden Markov model (IOHMM) framework. This framework can incorporate the vehicle and road environment information as inputs. A driver model under this IOHMM framework is identified using human driver data collected on a driving simulator and the model behavior is analyzed in comparison with the human driver data. Closed-loop simulation using the model integrated with a vehicle model and a road environment model shows that the outputs of proposed pedal behavior model have similar patterns to those of human drivers.


In speech enhancement literature, the signal subspace based method gains a lot of attention because of its simplicity in analytical formulations. The original idea in this method is based on the assumption that clean speech signal occupies a certain low dimensional space, while the noise signal which is a white additive noise spread the whole observation space. In this method, accurate estimation of the noise power (or variance) is required. However, in real applications, the noise power can only be estimated with some degree of uncertainty. This uncertainty will degrade the signal subspace based speech enhancement algorithms, especially in heavy noisy situations since it does not take this uncertainty into consideration. In this study, we took the uncertainty of the estimation of noise power into consideration by using the statistical property of noise based on random matrix theory. The noise statistical property (eigenvalue distribution) was analytically formulated based on the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of the noise random matrix. Based on the statistical property of the eigenvalues of noise, we reduced the part contributed by noise from the covariance matrix of noisy speech. We tested our method for speech enhancement using AURORA-2J speech corpus. Our initial experiments showed that the proposed method performed better than the traditional signal subspace based speech enhancement method.


The effects of grain composition of quartz sand,sand-cement ratio,superplasticizer,watercement ratio,polymer powder and defoaming agent on the mechanical properties of concrete structural repair mortar were analyzed. Test results showed that the mechanical properties of repair mortar was excellent and the compressive strength,flexural strength and tensile bond strength were 51. 7 MPa,15. 1MPa and 2. 98 MPa respectively when the grain composition of quartz sand was reasonable,sand-cement ratio was 1∶ 1,water-cement ratio was 0. 266,the content of superplasticizer,polymer powder,defoaming agent and cellulose ether were 1. 4%,10%,0. 5% and 0. 06% respectively.


Currently, various approaches with several utilities are proposed to identify damage in the pipeline. The pipeline system is modeled in the form of a distributed parameter system, such that the state space related to the distributed parameter system contains infinite dimension. In this paper, a novel technique is proposed to analyze and model the flow in the pipeline. Important theorems are proposed for testing the observability as well as controllability of the proposed model.


In this article we answer a question of D. Markushevich and prove the irreducibility of the scheme of morphisms from an elliptic curve to the spinor tenfold.


/ Table of Contents.- Eroffnungssitzung / Opening Session.- Software Fault Tolerance in Safety-Critical Applications.- Vertrauenswurdige Systeme / Dependable Systems.- Biased Programming Faults - How to Overcome Them?.- Sicherheitsgerichtete speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung mit TUV-Prufung.- Verlusttolerante elektronische Brieftaschen.- Design Issues in High Performance Fault-Tolerant Multicomputers.- Hardware-Implementierte Fehlertoleranz / Hardware-Implemented Fault Tolerance.- Mutabor - An Intelligent Memory Management Unit for an Object Oriented Architecture Supporting Error Recovery.- Fault-Tolerant VLSI Processor.- Testerzeugung / Test Generation.- Fault Detection By Consumption Measurement in CMOS Circuits.- MICROPROCESSOR BOARDS: Compact Markov Models for Random Test Length Calculation.- Expertensysteme und Testerzeugung / Expert Systems and Test Generation.- NEOCRIB: An Expert Fault Finding System that Articulates the Competence of Field Engineers.- Knowledge Based Tools for Testability Checking.- Test Pattern Obtainment from Algorithmic Descriptions.- Efficient Test Generation for Register Transfer Level Descriptions.- Selbsttest / Self-Test.- Experiments with Transient Fault Upsets in Microprocessor Controllers.- Universal Test Controller Chip for Board Self Test.- Systematische Erweiterung der Selbsttestmoglichkeiten von Baugruppen mit Mikroprozessoren.- Systemdiagnose und Fehlerbehebung / System Diagnosis and Error Recovery.- Ein Diagnoseverfahren fur Systeme mit mehreren Verarbeitungseinheiten.- Investigation of Distributed Algorithms for System Self-Diagnosis.- Rollback Recovery in Multiprocessor Ring Configurations.- Fehlertolerante Kommunikationssysteme / Fault-Tolerant Communication Systems.- Modelling Interrupt Based Interprocessor Communication by Time Petri Nets.- Ein Verfahren zur Fehlerausgrenzung und Fehlertolerierung in busorientierten Rechensystemen.- Reliable Multicast Protocols for a Token Ring Architecture.- Software-Fehlertoleranz und -Zuverlassigkeit / Software Fault Tolerance and Software Reliability.- A Conceptual Model of the Effect of Diverse Methodologies on Coincident Failures in Multi-Version Software.- A System Architecture for Software Fault Tolerance.- Quantitative Assessment of Fault-Tolerant Software Architecture.- Another Software Reliability Prediction Model.- Zuverlassigkeitsbewertung / Reliability Evaluation.- The Distribution of Computer Life after Tolerable Faults.- Maximal Availability of Tree-Structured Fault-Tolerant Systems.- Fehlerbehandlung in verteilten Systemen / Error Processing in Distributed Systems.- Fehlertoleranz-Aspekte in Transaktionssystemen.- A Reliable and Efficient Synchronization Protocol for Database Sharing Systems.- Fault Tolerance based on Time-Staggered Redundancy.- Fault-Tolerant Distributed Real-Time Systems: MARS.- Anwendungen / Applications.- An Automated Material Flow Control System on a Fault-Tolerant Computer System for an Industrial Serial Manufacturer - A Report upon Practical Experience.- Konzept und Einsatzerfahrung mit Marathon/32 und RELIANCE.- Systeme I / Systems I.- LOGISIRE, a Safe Computer System for Process Automation.- Ausfallsicheres Betriebs- und Wartungszentrum BSE.- Systeme II / Systems II.- A Fault-Tolerant Multiple Processor for Front-End Process Control.- Autorenverzeichnis / Author Index.


We propose word-region alignment-guided multimodal neural machine translation (MNMT), a novel model for MNMT that links the semantic correlation between textual and visual modalities using word-region alignment (WRA). Existing studies on MNMT have mainly focused on the effect of integrating visual and textual modalities. However, they do not leverage the semantic relevance between the two modalities. We advance the semantic correlation between textual and visual modalities in MNMT by incorporating WRA as a bridge. This proposal has been implemented on two mainstream architectures of neural machine translation (NMT): the recurrent neural network (RNN) and the transformer. Experiments on two public benchmarks, English–German and English–French translation tasks using the Multi30k dataset and English–Japanese translation tasks using the Flickr30kEnt-JP dataset prove that our model has a significant improvement with respect to the competitive baselines across different evaluation metrics and outperforms most of the existing MNMT models. For example, 1.0 BLEU scores are improved for the English–German task and 1.1 BLEU scores are improved for the English–French task on the Multi30k test2016 set; and 0.7 BLEU scores are improved for the English–Japanese task on the Flickr30kEnt-JP test set. Further analysis demonstrates that our model can achieve better translation performance by integrating WRA, leading to better visual information use.


The newly proposed mimetic underpotential deposition (MUPD) technique was extended to modify Pd surfaces with Sb through immersing a Pd film electrode or dispersing Pd/C powder in a Sb(III)-containing solution blended with ascorbic acid (AA). The introduction of AA shifts down the open circuit potential of Pd substrate available to achieve suitable Sb modification. The electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability towards HCOOH electrooxidation of the Sb modified Pd surfaces (film electrode or powder catalyst) by MUPD is superior than that of unmodified Pd and Sb modified Pd surfaces by conventional UPD method. The enhancement of electrocatalytic performance is due to the third body effect and electronic effect, as well as bi-functional mechanism induced by Sb modification which result in increased resistance against CO poisoning.


In two experiments two or three subject groups—"listeners in general" (L), musicians (M), and "hi‐fi subjects" (HF)—made evaluative ratings, similarity ratings, and verbal descriptions concerning different sound‐reproductions of certain music sections. The reliabilities of the ratings were in general high. Interactions between reproductions and music sections appeared, giving different ratings/rankings of reproductions at different music sections. Some differences in ratings between the L group and the other groups were suggested. Dimension analyses revealed some dimensions as "distinctness," "brightness," and "loudness." Other possible dimensions were suggested by the verbal descriptions.


We present a noncontact method to measure ballistocardiogram (BCG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) simultaneously using a single camera. The method tracks the motion of facial features to determine displacement BCG, and extracts the corresponding velocity and acceleration BCGs by taking first and second temporal derivatives from the displacement BCG, respectively. The measured BCG waveforms are consistent with those reported in the literature and also with those recorded with an accelerometer-based reference method. The method also tracks PPG based on the reflected light from the same facial region, which makes it possible to track both BCG and PPG with the same optics. We verify the robustness and reproducibility of the noncontact method with a small pilot study with 23 subjects. The presented method is the first demonstration of simultaneous BCG and PPG monitoring without wearing any extra equipment or marker by the subject.


Virtualized servers run a diverse set of virtual machines (VMs), ranging from interactive desktops to test and development environments and even batch workloads. Hypervisors are responsible for multiplexing the underlying hardware resources among VMs while providing them the desired degree of isolation using resource management controls. Existing methods provide many knobs for allocating CPU and memory to VMs, but support for control of IO resource allocation has been quite limited. IO resource management in a hypervisor introduces significant new challenges and needs more extensive controls than in commodity operating systems.

This paper introduces a novel algorithm for IO resource allocation in a hypervisor. Our algorithm, mClock, supports proportional-share fairness subject to minimum reservations and maximum limits on the IO allocations for VMs. We present the design of mClock and a prototype implementation inside the VMware ESX server hypervisor. Our results indicate that these rich QoS controls are quite effective in isolating VM performance and providing better application latency. We also show an adaptation of mClock (called dmClock) for a distributed storage environment, where storage is jointly provided by multiple nodes.


A user interface is required to match the users perception of the system. Careful design of a system can help by influencing the users perception of the system towards a single common perception for all users. If the system is functionally simple to understand then the task is easier. With a large and complex system such as an IPSE the task is anything but easy. The author looks at how the user interface of one particular IPSE, ISTAR, has developed and how the user is helped by addressing the constraints imposed by these factors is helped.


Objective To investigate the effects of non-ionic low osmolar contrast media (LOCM) on the apoptosis and mRNA expression of Bcl-2/Bax in rat glomerular endothelial cells cultured in vitro. Methods Rat glomerular endothelial cells were exposed to ioversol with different concentrations for different time. Cell viability was then assessed by MTT method and morphological changes of cells were observed by inverted microscopy. In order to analyze cell apoptosis, DNA electrophoresis was applied. Meanwhile, the expression changes of Bcl-2/Bax at mRNA level were determined by RT-PCR. Results The viability of rat glomerular endothelial cells was inhibited by ioversol in a concentration and time dependent manner. After being exposed to ioversol(90 mL/L)for 24 h, the cells began to become crimple, round, and even floating. A typical DNA ladder determined by agarose gel electrophoresis was observed. Noticeably, the mRNA level of Bcl-2 in ioversol treated cells was down-regulated, while Bax was up-regulated, so that the ratio of Bcl-2 mRNA to Bax mRNA increased significantly. Conclusion Non-ionic LOCM can induce glomerular endothelial cells apoptosis, which may be partly due to the disturbance of Bcl-2/Bax balance. This is probably related to the pathogenesis of contrast media nephropathy.


Abstract This Piaget replication study was done in Botswana. Six tasks were completed by 554 primary school children from urban, rural, and traditional village environments. Conservation of number, length, mass and weight, seriation and classification exercises were carried out using materials commonly found in the culture. Previous studies by other investigators have compared schooled and unschooled subjects in other African countries, but often unschooled subjects were from rural areas, so the environmental effects could not be isolated. In this study comparisons were made between students in the three environments, between age groups, and between male and female subjects. Urban children completed tasks at an earlier age than those from other environments. In general, the results are similar to findings from other African countries.


Herman Melville's second novel, Omoo (1847), typical of his early works, is a somewhat unsettled blend of imaginative yarn and docu mentary materials, a loose and open kind of literary text. In the book personal anecdote and speculation, historical fact, and fictitious event co-exist in a dispersed, interactive, unanchored fashion as compo nents of an imaginative space which resists generic classification. In their assessments of Melville's account of Tahiti, a number of critics have voiced unease with this openness. Some have considered it to be a sign of a highly unartistic type of fiction. Charles Roberts Ander son, in his fine study Melville in the South Seas, locates the crossing of factual materials with fictional elements in Melville's desire to write


In addition to ground magnetic survey carried out in the study area to appraise its hydrocarbon potentials, three aeromagnetic maps on a scale 1:100,000 covering part of Ikom Embayment and Lower Benue Trough were manually digitized and analysed using computer-based programmes such as HDEP, SURFIT, MFINITE, MFFILTER, MFDESIGN, JMERGER, FRTP, PC CONTOUR, P2 GRID, OASIS MONTAJ, GEOCON AND SURFER 9.0 to determine the depth to basement as well as the configuration of the sub-basins within the study area. The average depth of the shallow and deep basins is 1.5Km and 2.5Km respectively with Nkum axis of the Ikom Embayment having the thickest sediments (about 4.0Km). The presence of few intrusives, thick pile of sediments and faults around Nkum- Edor area of Ikom Embayment indicates that they may have good prospects for hydrocarbon accumulation.


We investigate the relation between the vortex structure and the dissipation mechanism in strongly layered superconductors when a large magnetic field is applied parallel to the layers. At high enough temperatures the vortex lattice undergoes a transition to a smectic state characterized by a vanishing interlayer shear. The elastic properties of this state lead to novel conditions for Kosterlitz-Thouless-type behavior, resulting in an algebraic current-voltage characteristic down to vanishing current densities


The article discusses author's computational algorithm of social norm formation. According to this algorithm, social norm arises from a personal norm through its gradual propagation among society members. The algorithm makes it possible to represent norms explicitly and to treat them as separate objects. The long-standing interest in social norms from several social sciences, along with the growing popularity of social simulation and the lack of generally acclaimed computational models of social norm formation make this topic highly relevant. The conducted experimental calculations proved the proposed algorithm to be successful.


This article is based primarily on acoustic experiences associated with the research of sound documents, which is part of my task as an independent multimedia producer. The historical information here derives primarily from interviews I conducted, in many sessions over the period between 1986 and 1995, with the distinguished composers Toshiro Mayuzumi (1986), Makoto Moroi (1992), Minao Shibata (1986, 1987, 1989a, 1989b, 1991, 1993, 1994), Toshi Ichiyanagi (1989), Yori-Aki Matsudaira (1987, 1991), Joji Yuasa (1987), Katsuhiro Tsubono (1987, 1993, 1994), Yuji Takahashi (1987, 1993), Takehisa Kosugi (1993), Mieko Shiomi (1993), Shiuko Mizuno (1993), Keiki Okasaka (1987), Isao Tomita (1993), and Satoshi Sumitani (1992); as well as with former sound engineers at Nippon Hoso Kyokai (NHK), the national radio and television network of Japan: Hiroshi Shiotani (1988, 1990, 1992), Yoshinori Ando (1988), and Shigeru Sato (1992, 1993); and, finally, with the former director of the electronic music studio at NHK, Wataru Uenami (1986, 1988). Once collected, this information was completed and verified by consulting the documents listed in the References list, among others. It is, however, possible that errors have slipped into the article, because the stories of composers and engineers, on the one hand, and the writings of different periods, on the other hand, sometimes contradict one another, making it impossible to determine which version of the facts is correct. What is more, witnesses of this period are increasingly rare, and objections to existing historical data even more so in a society where debate, discussion, and objection are not recognized social values. Sound documents and interviews are the basis of this article. Besides the tapes preserved in the NHK Studio, few sound documents are available. I have thus kept almost exclusively to works realized in the NHK Studio.


Increased coercive and tunable exchange bias field values were registered in hybrid CoO@Fe3O4 core–shell octahedron-shaped nanoparticles of different average size. In this strained morphology, the metal cation chemical potentials at the interface between the antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic oxides become a very dynamic variable. This causes the effective magnetic anisotropy to increase and the type of interface to change after growing the magnetite shell epitaxially onto the cobalt oxide {111} surface facets and, consequently, to tune the exchange bias effect.


A newly developed weak Galerkin method is proposed to solve parabolic equations. This method allows the usage of totally discontinuous functions in approximation space and preserves the energy conservation law. Both continuous and discontinuous time weak Galerkin finite element schemes are developed and analyzed. Optimal‐order error estimates in both H1 and L2 norms are established. Numerical tests are performed and reported. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013