Purpose : Comparative analysis of the physical development features and somatotype of girls and women involved in fitness. Material : The experiment involved 95 girls and women, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 - 48 girls (36.04 ± 0.19) years, Group 2 - 47 women (43.26 ± 0.22) years, (p <0.01). Participants practiced fitness 2-3 times a week. The duration of the training was 60 minutes. It was determined the body mass and body length, wrist circumference, waist and hips circumferences. The TANITA BC 587 analyzer was applied to determine muscle and fat mass, the specific weight of fat tissue, water content, percentage of visceral fat, basal metabolism value, bone mass mineralization. It was calculated the body mass index and the waist-to-hip ratio. The results were evaluated applying the Student's t-test (t) and Rosenbaum (Q) and Wilcoxon - Mann - Whitney (U) criteria. Results : There were no significant differences in body length and body mass. The girls confirmed a less value of hip circumference (t = 2.04, p <0.05) and a tendency to less waist circumference (t = 1.97, p <0.1) in comparison with group 2. The participants of group 2 had a larger wrist circumference (U = 891, p <0.05). According to this parameter, persons with asthenic body type prevailed among participants. Their specific weight was (56.25 ± 7.16)% of group 1 and (53.19 ± 7.28)% of group 2. It was confirmed less absolute body fat content in group 1 (t = 2.09, p <0.05). All participants were characterized by larger muscle mass. There were no differences in this parameter between groups. It was determined the high concentration of specific weight of fat tissue in comparison with age standards. The content of visceral fat was within the age norm. Its content was higher in group 2 (Q = 18, p <0.01). The basal metabolic value was larger in group 2 (Q = 17, p <0.01). The values of bone mass mineralization reflect the correspondence to the body mass of the participants. This parameter did not have significant differences in the groups. The body mass index value in group 1 was within the average interval. In group 2, this index was higher than the standard one. The body mass index in group 1 was significantly lower (t = 2.18, p <0.05). The participants with a body mass index above the norm were (35.42 ± 6.90)% of group 1 and (59.57 ± 7.16)% of group 2. The prevalence of waist-to-hip ratio above the norm was (54.17 ± 7.19)% 1 group and (59.57 ± 7.17)% 2 group, (p> 0.05). Conclusions : it was determined the proximity of the main anthropometric parameters (mass and body length). The girls have lower values of the hip circumference. Persons with asthenic body type prevailed among the participants. Analysis of the indices confirmed the high prevalence of overweight and high risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The application of bio-impedance method confirmed and clarified the results of anthropometric research. The participants demonstrated the increased content of subcutaneous and visceral fat, increasing with age. The water level in the body gradually decreases with age. This is considered as a reflection of age-related physiological changes in metabolism and should be considered in fitness training organizing. Studies have confirmed the informativeness and adequacy of the bio-impedance method.


Aim: To explore the relationship of older adults' demographic information, physiological indices, and stages of frailty with their risks of falling. Methods: In the cross-sectional study, a total of 221 older adults were surveyed. Results: Results were observed in terms of the participants' physical performance, with significant differences being observed in the correlations of left-hand grip strength, (t = 5.05, p<.000), right-hand grip strength (t = 6.03, p<.000), and total grip strength (t = 5.70, p<.000), time up and go test (t = -6.25, p<.000), and 30-sec chair stand test (t = 7.19, p<.000) with the risks of falling. The stages of frailty (X2 = 9.64, p<.002) were confirmed to be significantly associated with risks of falling. According to the logistic regression analysis results, long-term medication (OR = 0.12, 95%CI = 0.02-0.62, p < .01) and right-hand grip strength (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.76-0.97, p < .01) are the main predictors of older adults' risks of falling. Conclusions: Older females with low education, history of falls, weaker grip strengths; taking longer to finish the TUG test; and standing fewer times during the 30-second chair stand test were at risk of fall. In prediction, older people using long-term medication were at lower risk of falling, and the greater the hand grip strength was, the lower the fall risk was. According to the research results, nursing personnel must develop care programs and improving older adults' risk of fall.


Abstract Neurobehavioural substrates of spelling acquisition were investigated by assessing the spelling of school-age children who received C.N.S. treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.). The central question was whether the normal acquisition of spelling skill, specifically phonologic and orthographic strategies, depends on distinct neurobehavioural substrates, each having its own maturational schedule. The relationship between error patterns and treatment age can serve as a means of inferring neuro-behavioural events occurring during specific developmental periods. We compared the spelling errors of a patient group with those of a control group matched for sex and spelling age. Spelling errors from the Wide Range Achievement Test (W.R.A.T.-R.) were classified as phonologically or orthographically accurate. Children in the patient group who were treated at younger ages committed fewer phonologically accurate errors than did those treated when older or controls. The findings are consistent w...


Summary:— Starting with atmospheric motions on a global scale, different categories of atmospheric turbulence are discussed. It is pointed out that the turbulence within the earth's boundary layer is comparatively better understood than any other type of turbulence, due to a concerted effort by meteorologists and by aircraft engineers. Clear air turbulence, turbulence in clouds and storms are subjects of active research, but we are still at the beginning of the understanding of these phenomena. The influence of atmospheric turbulence on some aspects of aircraft engineering is mentioned and the problem of the calculation or turbulence-induced loads is discussed in some detail. It is pointed out that the estimation of turbulence loads is a transposition of experience gained on one aircraft to another. The most simple technique of doing so is to assume that the atmospheric turbulence can be represented by a collection of single, isolated gusts and by making very simplifying assumptions about the dynamics of aircraft response. This technique, the discrete gust approach, in spite of serious theoretical reservations, has worked admirably well, but it appears that in many applications the limits of usefulness of the discrete gust approach have been reached. The alternative way of dealing with gusts is to treat them as a basically continuous phenomenon using the comparatively recently developed spectral technique. This technique not only permits the aircraft dynamics to be properly accounted for, but also describes the atmospheric turbulence in more realistic fashion, understandable not only to aircraft engineers but also to meteorologists and students of fluid dynamics.


Gear actuation control device (100) comprising one gear actuator (1, 2, 3, 4) per two gears (l-N-3; 7-N-5; 4-N-R; 6-N-2) of a transmission (1T-4T), each gear actuator (1-4) having a movable piston (1', 2', 3' 4') disposed between two actuation chambers (1A, B; 2A, B; 3A, B; 4A, B), an actuator valve means (5), and a switching valve means (6) controlling the activation of said pistons (1'-4') of the gear actuators (1-4) and cooperating with the actuator valve means (5), wherein the actuator valve means (5) comprises a number of actuator valves (7-10) at least equal to the number of gear actuators (1-4). ® KIPO & WIPO 2008


An experimental study of the circulation of the coolant from the thermal energy of exhaust gases of the boiler unit by converting part of it into mechanical work. The studies were conducted in a laboratory setting, representing the district heating system consisting of a source of heat recovery heat exchanger, piping network, consumer and other heat circulation of the coolant carried out of the system, patented by the authors. In this operation, the system is analyzed, detected values of the thermodynamic parameters of each characteristic point. Revealed the potential of increasing the heat transfer coefficient by means of the method as in the source, and the other heat exchange surfaces. Experimentally determined that the device is fully circulates coolant without electricity, using waste heat of exhaust gases. The productivity and the pressure generated by the system to fully provide the required flow rate of water mains.


Amorphic complexity, introduced in 2016, is a new topological invariant of discrete dynamical systems that is of particular interest for systems of entropy zero. Examples exist that show that amorphic complexity can take values 0 and 1 or more (inlcuding infinity), but it was not known if values from the interval (0,1) could be taken. This note proves that for every real nonnegative number there exists a noncomplete metric space and a map on it that has amorphic complexity equal to this number. The construction makes strong use of incompleteness of the space and the question whether these values can be realized for a map on a compact metric space remains open.


A multivariable predictor algorithm is presented which can produce multistep prediction of a stochastic time series. The algorithm is used to predict product quality in an iron-ore sintering process. The application uses a modified low-pass filtering technique involving less time lag than conventional filters.


Electrical impedance tomography is a powerful tool for lung imaging that can be employed at the bedside in multiple clinical scenarios. Diagnosing and preventing interpretation pitfalls will ensure reliable data and allow for appropriate clinical decision-making.


Ramalila accurately says "Rama's play", is a stage show of then Ramayana epic in a sequence of scenes that comprise song, portrayal of story, recital and dialogue. Ramalila is one of the story-telling forms of Odisha. Ramalila remembers the conflict between Rama and Ravana and be composed of a series of dialogues between gods, sages and faithful. The audience is requested to sing and take part in the narration. The Ramalila carries the entire population united, without distinction of caste, religion or age. In this working paper I focused the rich cultural tradition of Ramalila of Odisha.


Neurotropic viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, have the capacity to infect neurons and can cause severe diseases. This is associated with neuronal cell death, which may contribute to morbidity or even mortality if the infection is not controlled. However, the mechanistic details of HSV‐induced neuronal cell death remain enigmatic. Here, we report that lytic HSV‐2 infection of human neuron‐like SH‐SY5Y cells and primary human and murine brain cells leads to cell death mediated by gasdermin E (GSDME). HSV‐2‐induced GSDME‐mediated cell death occurs downstream of replication‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress driven by inositol‐requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α), leading to activation of caspase‐2, cleavage of the pro‐apoptotic protein BH3‐interacting domain death agonist (BID), and mitochondria‐dependent activation of caspase‐3. Finally, necrotic neurons released alarmins, which activated inflammatory responses in human iPSC‐derived microglia. In conclusion, lytic HSV infection in neurons activates an ER stress‐driven pathway to execute GSDME‐mediated cell death and promote inflammation.


AbstractThe traditionally ascribed status of women in most developing countries generally contrast strongly with their growing role in economic participation. With or without the increasing commercialisation of sectors like agriculture, women remain an active participant in the economy, perhaps more so than their counterparts in relatively more advanced societies. Programming strategies which take this pivotal role into consideration will make women's programmes more meaningful.


Raising interest rates could calm investor anxiety, stoke the broader economy, relieve retirees, and give the Fed its 'hammer' back, says investment expert Rick Ferri.


In this paper, we offer a novel class of utility functions applied to optimal portfolio selection. This class incorporates as special cases important measures such as the mean-variance, Sharpe ratio, mean-standard deviation and others. We provide an explicit solution to the problem of optimal portfolio selection based on this class. Furthermore, we show that each measure in this class generally reduces to the efficient frontier that coincides or belongs to the classical mean-variance efficient frontier. In addition, a condition is provided for the existence of the a one-to-one correspondence between the parameter of this class of utility functions and the trade-off parameter λ
 in the mean-variance utility function. This correspondence essentially provides insight into the choice of this parameter. We illustrate our results by taking a portfolio of stocks from National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDAQ).


The electronic structure and interatomic bonding of a near Σ11 α-axis tilt grain boundary in α-A12O3 are determined using first-principles calculations based on a model structure constructed by Kenway. This Σ11 boundary, which has a low grain boundary energy, has been the focus of various previous studies, including high-resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM) and pair potential based structural studies. The relaxed structure model, which contains 72 Al atoms and 108 O atoms, is periodic in two dimensions and reproduces the grain boundary structure obtained by HRTEM. To accurately identify the changes arising in the boundary, parallel calculations on the bulk supercell models containing the same number of Al and O atoms with and without surfaces were also carried out. This grain boundary does not have deep levels in the band gap, and its defect states appear mainly near the O-2p derived valence band maximum and the Al-3s derived conduction band minimum. The calculated partial densities of states for Al in the conduction band region are in good agreement with recent measurements on the near-edge energy loss spectrum and the valence electron energy loss spectrum. By means of Mulliken population analysis, the effective charges, the bond order, and the partial density of states of the grain boundary atoms are identified and elucidated. In the region of the grain boundary, there is increased charge transfer from Al to O, arising mainly from the lower coordination number of the grain boundary atoms and therefore the reduction in the covalent bond formation. In addition, it is found that as the Al-O bond lengths decrease, the Al—O charge transfer increases. For this Σ11 boundary, the structural features most associated with grain boundary electronic structure changes are undercoordination and shortened bond lengths.


We study the problem of resonant tunneling between a Fermi liquid and the edge of a $\nu=1/3$ fractional quantum Hall state. In the limit of weak coupling, the system is adequately described within the sequential tunneling approximation. At low temperatures, however, the system crosses over to a strong coupling phase, which we analyze using renormalization group techniques. We find that at low temperatures a "perfect" can be achieved by tuning two parameters. This resonance has a peak conductance $G = e^2/2h$ and is a realization of the weak backscattering limit of the $g=1/2$ Luttinger liquid, as well as the non Fermi liquid fixed point of the two channel Kondo problem. We discuss several regimes which may be experimentally accessible as well as the implications for resonances recently observed in cleaved edge overgrowth structures.


Background We previously reported that, among the asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), up to 19% of the patients with myocardial ischemia were detected by cardiovascular screening tests (CVSTs). We concluded that the CVSTs in patients with T2DM may be one of the most effective strategies to find CVD in those patients. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess the long-term clinical outcomes of CVSTs in patients with T2DM without previous histories of CVD. Methods Six hundred fifty-seven out-patients with T2DM who received CVSTs at least more than one time or not at all from April in 2014 to March in 2019 were defined as the S group or NS group, respectively. The data in 2104 and 2018 were collected from the medical records, and compared between the S and NS groups. Results This study revealed that, in the out-patients with T2DM in our hospital over those 5 years; 1) the frequency of receiving CVSTs was significantly increasing, 2) in accordance with that increase, the frequency of the internal use for CVD of statins, anti-platelets, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, which are well-known as medications for preventing CVD, was significantly increasing, 3) however, there was only a small increase in the internal use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, which are well-known to suppress cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM, 4) LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides significantly improved more in the S group than the NS group, 5) highly sensitive C-protein, which is one of the strongest predictors of CVD, was significantly suppressed by CVSTs, 6) the progression of renal dysfunction was significantly more suppressed in the S group than the NS group, 7) in an inverse proportion to the CVST increase, the frequency of acute coronary syndrome, cerebral infarctions, 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events, and admissions due to heart failure were significantly decreasing, and 8) finally, the frequency of all-cause mortality was significantly suppressed during those 5 years. Conclusions Thus, it may be important to continue CVSTs in out-patients with T2DM without a previous history of CVD for several years.


This article discusses individualized sexual addiction treatment based on an assessment of the client s developmental deficits and resulting characterlogical needs. An overview of each stage of development and identification of the needs associated with arrests in that stage is provided. Therapeutic issues for each stage as well as helping the client begin involvement in 12-step Programs are discussed.


Starting from commercially available electron poor 2-pyrones the synthesis of polyoxygenated cyclohexanes is reported via an inverse-electron demand Diels—Alder cycloaddition with tert-butyldimethylsilyl vinyl ether as key step.


THIS DOCUMENT IS Ii-4E PROPERT( OF HM. GOVERNMENT & ATTENTION IS CALLED TO THE PENALTIES ATTACHING TO ANY INFRINGEMENT OF THE OFFICIAL SECRETS ACT. 1911-1920. lt i Intended fer the use ofthe' recipient ¿nl1, nd for communication to such officers under hum as may require te be acquainted with Its contents in the course of theIr duties. The, officers exercising this power of communication are responsible that such information is imparted with due caution and reserve. Any person other chan the authorised holder, upen bbtalning possession oíthls document., b)' finding or otherwise should forward: it, togther wich his name and addrest. in a 'closed envelope to:THE SECRETARY MINISTRY OF SUPPLY. MILLBANK. LONDON. SW.I.


In this paper, a distributed capacitance model (DCM) for monolithic inductors is developed to predict the equivalent parasitical capacitances of inductor. The ratio of the self-resonant frequency (f/sub SR/) of the differentially driven symmetric inductor (f/sub SR/spl I.bar/diff/) to the f/sub SR/ of the single-ended driven inductor (f/sub SR/spl I.bar/se/) has firstly predicted and explained. Compared with an equivalent single-ended configuration, experimental data demonstrate that the differential inductor offers a 127% greater maximum quality factor (Q/sub max/) and a broader range of operating frequencies. Design guidelines have been obtained from DCM.


Social workers and other health care providers have been asked to develop and implement innovative and culturally sensitive treatment initiatives in First Nation communities. However, because of traumatization and oppression, many First Nations people face troubling psycho-social issues which have resulted in a diminished capacity to trust. If this loss of trust is not dealt with skillfully, it can impede the ability of social workers to implement initiatives. Through a process of person-centred interviewing, 36 participants identified four levels of trust that have been diminished among many First Nations people. The impact of this phenomenon on the development and implementation of community based initiatives is discussed in this article.


The sterilization of medical equipment was performed using low-pressure RF discharge plasma. Oxygen radicals as oxidizing materials for sterilization were produced from oxygen or water vapor. The generation of atomic oxygen and OH radicals was confirmed using the light emission spectra of the plasma. The pressure in the discharge region was varied periodically during inactivation in order to produce radicals effectively and to penetrate the produced radicals into tiny gaps. Medium sheets for microbial detection indicated that the decimal reduction value of active bacillus was 5 and 8 min using oxygen plasma and water vapor plasma with ne=109 cm-3, respectively. Biological indicators clarified that the sterilization of bacilli spores was successful for a treatment time of 90 min.


The work contains some achievements of higher education in Romania and perspectives of its development in the contemporary society, called the knowledge and teaching society.Efforts by state authorities and university communities in developing the Romanian Higher Education are aiming to its integration in the European Higher Education Area and to redefine and keep active its role through the development of the society. Universities should also shape their educational offer and potential of scientific research to meet the needs of this changing society


A patient with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia had discontinuous antegrade (A1‐A2, H1‐H2) and retrograde (V1‐V2, A1‐A2) conduction curves suggesting dual A‐V nodal pathways in both directions. Atrial echoes occurred with premature atrial pacing only at short A1‐A2 coupling intervals after long antegrade (A2‐H2) and retrograde (H2‐Ae) conduction intervals. Premature ventricular stimulation revealed ventricular echoes simultaneously with a sudden increase in the V2‐A2 interval. The echo zone coincided with the slow pathway curve. Following atropine the echo zone was extended over the slow and fast pathway curves. Slow pathway conduction was observed at long and short V1‐V2 coupling intervals, fast pathway conduction at intermediate V1‐V2 coupling intervals. Following isoproterenol premature ventricular stimulation initiated two cycles of ventricular echoes with relatively long retrograde (V2‐A2, Ve‐Ae) and short antegrade (A2‐He, Ac‐He) conduction times, the earliest atrial activation being observed in the low right atrium before the left atrium and the high right atrium.


Waveguide Evanescent Field Scattering (WEFS) microscopy is introduced as a new and simple tool for label‐free, high contrast imaging of bacteria and bacteria sensors. Bacterial microcolonies and single bacteria were discriminated both by their bright field images and by their evanescent scattering intensity. By comparing bright field images with WEFS images, the proportion of planktonic: sessile (i.e., "floating": attached) bacteria were measured. Bacteria were irradiated with UV light, which limited their biofilm forming capability. A quantitative decrease in attachment of individual, sessile bacteria and in attached, microcolony occupied areas was easily determined within the apparent biofilms with increasing UV dose. WEFS microscopy is an ideal tool for providing rapid quantitative data on biofilm formation. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


First harmonics of the gravity field (C21 and S21), derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and processed at different institutes, are used to determine the hydrological equatorial excitation function of polar motion. For that purpose time-variable gravity field solutions are made tidal free and free from modelled non-tidal atmospheric and oceanic effects. The residuals reflect unmodelled variations like hydrological processes, snow cover, post-glacial rebound or possibly earthquakes. They are compared to the hydrological excitation computed from hydrological models. They are also compared to the residual geodetic excitation after removing the atmospheric and oceanic effects. We find that seasonal variations of the excitation computed from gravimetric data and geodetic residuals are in good agreement. Annual signal is not well represented by hydrological models. All series show common biennial oscillations with periods of nearly 1.7 and 2.6 years.


Wide-bandgap (WBG) devices are considered to be a better alternative to silicon switches to realize high-efficiency and high-power-density power electronics converters, such as electric vehicle (EV) onboard chargers. The two major challenges of GaN devices are their relatively high cost (~5 times compared to Si) and much smaller footprint than Si, which though is preferred in the high-power-density application is preferred but brings thermal challenges. Much like SiC is paralleled with Si, and GaN could be paralleled with Si to resolve these challenges. In this article, gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are paralleled to various Si MOSFETs. Two different triggering approaches are considered: one adds a time delay between gate signals and the other uses a pulse triggering technique. Both methods ensure that the GaN endures the switching loss, while the Si switches conduct the majority of the current, thereby maximizing the advantages of both types of switches. To follow is a comprehensive study of the critical transient processes, such as the gate cross talking between Si and GaN, current commutation in the dead band, voltage spikes during the turn-off caused by parasitics, the thermal performance, and the cost analysis. Demonstrated success testing this approach at 400 V/80 A provides evidence that this is a possible approach in the onboard EV battery charger applications. The success of testing under 400 V/80 A makes it possible to an onboard EV battery charger.


Abstract In this work, nanoporous carbon material from plant-based raw materials was obtained by multiple thermochemical activation. The effect of multiple chemical activation on the morphological, porous and electrochemical properties of the obtained carbon material was investigated. The results show that chemically activated nanoporous carbon material has 4–5 times larger specific surface area (SBET = 1286 m2/g) and developed pore system. Multiple chemical activation improves the specific electrochemical characteristics of the carbon material, namely, the maximum value of specific capacitance at discharge current 1 mA reaches 183 F/g, twice as high as for the once-activated carbon material.


Regular exmination of Escherichia coli in faecal samples provided information about the outcome of competition in vivo and enabled two successful competing organisms to be selected for in vitro studies. A continuous flow culture technique was used in an attempt to reproduce the interactions that occurred between these two strains in the human gut. Some success was achieved in showing that changes in the chemostat environment, similar to those thought to be of significance in the gut, were followed by the establishment of the in vivo patterns of dominance.


In remote sensing, Hyperspectral Cameras (HSCs) are generally mounted on satellite or on airborne vehicles. Due to the high altitude of HSCs, the spatial resolution of hyperspectral images (HSI) is very poor, in order of 4m × 4m to 20m × 20m. HSC measures electromagnetic energy scattered in their instantaneous field of view (IFOV) in hundreds or thousands of spectral bands with very high spectral resolution. HSC generally captured 224 images in the spectrum 0.4μm to 2.5μm with the spectral resolution of 10nm. Due to the poor spatial resolution more than one material present in a one pixel. The process of accurate estimation of a number of material present in the scene, known as endmembers, their spectral signature, and their corresponding fractional abundance is known as Hyperspectral Unmixing (HU). Hyperspectral unmixing enables different applications like agriculture assessment, anomaly detection, manmade materials identification, environmental monitoring, target identification, and change recognition. Spectral Unmixing by Variable Splitting and Augmented Lagrangian (SUnSAL) and Collaborative SUnSAL (CLSUnSAL) approach are sparsity-based unmixing algorithms. In this paper performance analysis of SUnSAL and CSUnSAL is done with the help of publically available spectral libraries and synthetically generated hyperspectral data cubes. Simulation results shows that performance of CLSUnSAL is better SUnSAL.


International social ventures are now an increasingly common feature of the international business and social landscape in many countries worldwide. However, despite the increase in the number of social ventures and widespread interest that has resulted, theoretical development that deals specifically with international social ventures, or social ventures that operate across borders, has lagged behind, and there is little to guide potential social entrepreneurs thinking of setting up an international social venture. The aim of this article is to show how combining concepts from social exchange theory with international new venture theory can provide a useful conceptual framework that helps answer the central questions: What are the conditions for sustainable international social ventures? What difficulties are likely to arise in establishing such ventures? © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This investigation was conducted to propose an estimation method for energy dissipation in riveted lap joints. In this study, we made a simple energy dissipation model for riveted lap joint by replacing the joint part with a material that draws a hysteresis loop. This simple model does not require detailed contact analysis. Therefore, the calculation cost can be re-duced. Hysteresis loops were obtained from cyclic loading tests. Coe ffi cients were obtained by fi tting the hysteresis loop assuming that the shape of the hysteresis loop is symmetric. The coe ffi cients were applied to FEM as material properties. Then, load / displacement curves were obtained from FEM, and energy dissipation was calculated from the hysteresis loop. It was shown that the simple model in this study can reproduce the energy dissipation process with an error of less than approximately 13% in the range of the experiment.


A generic statistical model, termed Malaga, or M
 distribution has been proposed recently for the irradiance fluctuations. Based on this model, the irradiance has been written as a product of one term that model large-scale turbulent effects by a second term that represents the statistically independent small-scale turbulent effects. The distribution of the small-scale fluctuations has been derived in terms of the confluent hypergeometric function. The large-scale fluctuations is widely accepted to be a log-normal (LN) amplitude, however, to derive a closed-form expression for the probability density function of the M
 distribution, it has been modelled by Gamma distribution. It is well-known that the Gamma distribution is not a good approximation for LN distribution. Hence, in this paper, the inverse Gaussian distribution is proposed, as an alternative to the LN model. It is demonstrated that this substitution gives birth to a new statistical model, termed S
 distribution, which can be written in a closed-form expression and makes it possible to model accurately the irradiance fluctuations. To give an application, the performance of a wireless optical heterodyne communication system is investigated over S
-distributed turbulence channel and closed-form expression is derived for the average bit error rate of the system.


Drivers of heavy trucks are exposed to large amounts of vibration which can lead to serious health risks. Many suspension systems/methods can be used to isolate these transmitted vibrations, such as vehicle suspension systems, cabin suspension systems and seating suspension systems. The central idea of the work is to identify the research gaps and raise our future research questions in this specific area. The novelty of this paper is proposing a model predictive controller for active vibration control of seating suspension systems. A systematic literature review of the existing work of the vibration control of seating suspension systems has been conducted. Various control techniques that are used in the seating suspension systems have been summarized and evaluated. This paper focusses on the biodynamic model of the driver and seat for the first step needed in the design of the seating suspension system. Then, it illustrates the different types of the system vibration controls and their performance evaluation methods. At the end, the paper details several active seating suspension systems including their actuation system structures and control algorithms which are used in the heavy vehicle trucks.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this mixed-method research study was to better understand community college students' engagement in global learning. The study, supported by the Florida Consortium for International Education, was conducted during the 2015–2016 academic year in Florida across nine community colleges drawing from a 55-question survey with an 11% response rate (n = 175). Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used, with data analysis conducted using NVivo and SPSS software. An electronic survey was piloted with one institution, and a refined version was sent to select professors across nine community colleges in the state for distribution to students in the fall semester of 2015. A total of 175 students completed the survey. The majority of students responding were interested in global learning; however, they reported that this interest stemmed primarily from family encouragement and personal experiences rather than from their academic experiences. Students did report that professors were promoting global learning in their classes, although the results were not statistically significant. Students who did not express an interest in global learning felt as though it was not important because it was unrelated to their daily lives. It is the hope that this study will inform community college administrators and faculty to better understand how and why students become interested in global learning to more effectively promote their engagement both on and off campus.


Thymus saturejoides is an endemic species of the Lamiaceae family, native to Morocco and Algeria with a restricted distribution to the High Atlas, Middle Atlas, Anti-Atlas, Middle Atlantic Morocco, and the Saharan Atlas regions of Morocco, and the Aures Mountains in Algeria. This research focused on taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemical compounds, and biological and pharmacological actions of T. saturejoides. Folk medicine has documented continued use of this plant species. The review summarises the scientific literature and experimental research from the databases including Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, PubMed, and PubFacts. Finally, we have provided a complete document on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological properties fields of T. saturejoides.


Let G be a (possibly Frèchet) Lie group, g its Lie algebra and g∗ the dual of g (the space of momenta). The latter is the space of continuous linear functionals on g and as such is not naturally a Lie algebra (in the infinite dimensional case it need not even be a Frèchet space). We will see that the Lie algebra structure on g shows up geometrically on g∗ as a Poisson structure. Theorem 1. g∗ admits a Poisson bracket {, } : C∞(g∗)× C∞(g∗)→ C∞(g∗)


Objective To evaluate the effect of individualized immunosuppression regimens on chronic renal dysfunction in long-term surviving liver transplant recipients.Methods Thirty-two recipients over 18 years old were entered into the study,who underwent liver transplantation over 2 years.These recipients with normal liver function but impaired renal function,received tacrolimus(FK506) based immunosuppression regimen before study entry.Immunosuppression regimens were tailored according to the immune function and white blood cell(WBC) count,by reducing the dose of FK506 and conversion to mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) or sirolimus based immunosuppression protocol.After adjustmment for at least 1 time per month,hepatic function,renal function,blood routine examination and assessment of immune function were measured.Results After individualized immunosuppression regimens treatment,these patients were followed up for(24.3±7.6) months.Glomerular filtration rate was significantly elevated after treatment(all in P0.01),which was most significant at 1 month after regimen adjustment.No rejection occurred during follow-up.Conclusions Indivi-dualized FK506-sparing immunosuppression regimens guided according to the immune function and WBC count can ameliorate renal dysfunction in long-term surviving liver transplant patients,but not increase the risk of rejection.


A new, self-aligned contact process has been developed for a stacked capacitor dynamic random access memories (DRAM) cell. The bit line contact is three-fold, self-aligned with respect to the transistor gate, the field oxide, and the upper cell plate of the stacked capacitor. An oxide spacer technique is used to encapsulate the transistor gate. Etching of the overlapping bit line contact is self-aligned by a proper choice of deposited materials and etch selectivities and does not affect the oxide isolation of the transistor gate and the field oxide. In addition, the stacked capacitor cell plate is self-aligned and isolated from the bit line by a selective oxidation process


There is an ongoing debate whether every eligible patient suffering from muscle-invasive bladder cancer should undergo cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before definitive treatment by radical cystectomy. Supporters of this approach refer to level 1 evidence given by high quality meta-analyses indicating a survival benefit of at least 5% improvement in 5-year overall survival by NAC ( Table 1 ) (1-5). Given that most patients relapsing from bladder cancer will present with distant metastases rather than local recurrence (6,7), NAC is thought to tackle micrometastatic disease.


Abstract In an attempt to evaluate a procedure combining 2 techniques, hypnosis and biofeedback, which might effect significant changes in diastolic blood pressure in essential hypertensives, Ss were placed in 1 of 4 groups: hypnosis only, biofeedback only, hypnosis and biofeedback combined, or measurement only. The first phase-training sessions and brief follow-ups (1 week and 1 month)-of the long-term study with 6 monthly follow-up periods, was evaluated. Hypnosis only and biofeedback only procedures were both capable of providing significant lowering of diastolic pressure. However, in intergroup comparisons, the hypnosis only procedure showed the most impressive effect. Unexpectedly, the procedure of combining hypnosis and biofeedback into one technique was as ineffective as the measurement only procedure.


Superflexible robot programming reduces the profitable batch sizes of industrial robots. The paper presents a new way to determine the trajectory for welding robots based on the Intelligent Space concept. The system uses two cameras and edge detection with other image processing algorithms to find the welding path in the image. The three dimensional trajectory is obtained by stereo vision; afterwards it is transformed to the actual robot language.


Indoor localisation continues to be a topic of growing importance. Despite the advances made, several profound problems are still present. For example, estimating an accurate position from a multimodal distribution or recovering from the influence of faulty measurements. Within this work, we solve such problems with the help of Monte Carlo smoothing methods, namely forward-backward smoother and backward simulation. In contrast to normal filtering procedures like particle filtering, smoothing methods are able to incorporate future measurements instead of just using current and past data. This enables many possibilities for further improving the position estimation. Both smoothing techniques are deployed as fixed-lag and fixed-interval smoother and a novel approach for incorporating them easily within a conventional localisation system is presented. All this is evaluated on four floors within our faculty building. The results show that smoothing methods offer a great tool for improving the overall localisation. Especially fixed-lag smoothing provides a great runtime support by reducing temporal errors and improving the overall estimation with affordable costs.


Tiivistelmä-Referat-Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not a new concept, but the focus of CSR research has shifted to the public sector in recent years. There have been some studies in Estonia about enterprises and their activities in CSR, but almost nothing concerning the public sector and CSR. Therefore studying the role of the public sector in CSR should start with mapping the current situation. The aim of this thesis is to map and to analyse the current role of Estonian local authorities and county governments in CSR, as well as their interests and attitudes regarding CSR and to attempt to model Estonian politics of CSR on a local level. The focus is on the local authorities, since the local authorities have more contact with the companies than the national authorities do. There are three main research questions for the thesis. First, do local authorities (and county governments) in Estonia share a similar understanding of CSR? Second, which roles does the public sector in Estonia generally play in fostering CSR among companies? Third, what constraints do local authorities have while furthering CSR? To collect the data for the thesis, a questionnaire was sent to all Estonian local municipalities and county governments. The survey mainly addressed the current CSR policies of the public sector and the challenges they face. The study indicates that there is some awareness of CSR in both the private and the public sector in Estonia. Though the awareness in the public sector seems to be higher than among small and medium-sized enterprises, the awareness is still an obstacle for the public sector as well. There is a connection between the level of awareness of the municipality and municipality's size and dominating economic sector. Sustainable development is one of the central themes of CSR and the Estonian public sector is familiar with it. Though sustainable development is a part of municipal, as well as county and national, development plans, not all public sector actors may see the connection between sustainable development and CSR. Of the four main roles (mandating, facilitating, partnering, and endorsing) the public sector in Estonia favours partnering the most and mandating the least. There is interest among local municipalities and county governments to network with each other in promoting CSR.


Abstract Obesity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), however little is known about changes in body composition during chemotherapy and its impact on survival. The aim of this study was to examine in patients with CRC: (1) The prevalence of abnormal body composition phenotypes, (2) The impact of baseline body composition on overall survival, (3) Changes in body composition throughout treatment and its impact on overall survival. A prospective study of adult CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy between 2012–2016 was conducted. Longitudinal changes in body composition were examined using computed tomography (CT) images at two timepoints (interval 7 months, IQR: 5–9 months) using paired t-tests. Sarcopenia and low muscle attenuation (MA) were defined using published cut-offs. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios, adjusted for known prognostic covariates – stage, age, sex, performance status & systemic inflammation. In total, 268 patients were recruited (66% male, mean age 63 years) and 51% were undergoing chemotherapy with a palliative intent. At baseline, 4% were underweight (BMI < 20 kg/m2), 38% had a normal BMI, and 58% were overweight/obese. Despite this, 38% had cancer cachexia, 34% were sarcopenic and 43% had low MA. Neither sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity nor cachexia at baseline predicted survival. Over 100 days, 68% were muscle stable (± 1 kg), while 25% lost > 1 kg and 7% gained > 1 kg. Fat mass remained stable ± 1 kg in 49%, while 28% lost > 1 kg and 23% gained > 1 kg. When adjusted for known prognostic covariates, baseline BMI (20–25 kg/m2) in those having palliative chemotherapy was independently associated with reduced survival compared to those with BMI indicating overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) [HR: 1.80 (95% CI: 1.04–3.14), p = 0.037]. In those undergoing chemotherapy with palliative intent, a loss of > 6.4% subcutaneous fat (Q1 SAT) over 100 days was predictive of poor survival versus those with small losses, remaining stable or gaining SAT (Q2-4), independent of changes in muscle mass [HR: 2.22 (95% CI: 1.07–4.62), p = 0.033]. Patients with CRC, particularly those treated with a palliative intent, experience significant losses in muscle and fat mass during chemotherapy. Loss of SAT mass during palliative chemotherapy is prognostic of poor survival, independent of changes in muscle mass. Baseline BMI in the overweight range confers a survival advantage. Nutritional strategies to prevent or attenuate weight loss during chemotherapy are advisable especially in the context of advanced CRC.


Contents Preface * Introduction: Feminist Double Visions * Section 1: Historical Antecedents * Saying the Truth: Leta Stetter Hollingworth and Equal-Rights Feminisms * Female From the Start: Karen Horney and Maternal Feminisms * Section 2: Contemporary Feminist Research * Gender and Math: What Makes a Difference? * Moralities of Care and Justice * Section 3: Political Applications * Partial Visions: Changing Science From Within and Without * Care and the Paradox of Resistance * Conclusions: Choices in Contexts * Index


Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in the post-polio era, which is characterized clinically by rapidly progressing paralysis, areflexia, and albumino-cytological dissociation in cerebral-spinal fluids. Based on the electroneurophysiologic and pathologic characteristics, this disorder could be classified into four different patterns such as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute motor axonal neuropathy, acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, and the Miller-Fisher syndrome. It was commonly considered that GBS is an organ specific immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy, both cell-mediated and humoral immune pathways variably contribute to the pathogenesis of each pattern. Typical clinical manifestations and nerve conduction studies may help in correct diagnosis and classification of suspected GBS patients. Treatment with immunomodulation can effectively ameliorate nerve damage and accelerate recovery of patients. This review emphasizes the recent advances in understanding of the subtyping, pathogenesis, etiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, electrophysiological diagnostic criteria and treatment of GBS.


As we all know cloud computing is one of the fast spreading technologies for providing IT based Services to its User. We have established large-scale virtualized data-center to meet this requirement. To provide efficient and reliable services to all its user data centers consumes large amount of computation power. Due to large consumption of electrical energy has increased cost for the service provider as well as service users. Large consumption of electrical energy Couse large amount of carbon dioxide to emitted, due to this global warming is affected. We concluded that, from our studies we can reduced the power consumption by live migration of the Virtual machine (VM) by turning off idle machines. To fulfill this entire requirement we proposed a dynamic threshold based approach for CPU utilization for host at data center. This will work on dynamic and unpredictable workload to avoid unnecessary power consumption. Because of this we will achieve energy efficiency with quality of service to the user by controlling service level Agreement violation (SLA)


Recently, exceptionally high field-effect mobility in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) has been fabricated using semiconducting films with one-dimensionally aligned, highly planar electron donor-acceptor copolymers, within the channel of transistors. Here, we propose an extremely simple coating method, called rotation coating, for preparing highly aligned, conjugated polymer thin films for applications in various organic electronic devices. We realize highly aligned polymer films using various conjugated polymers and applied the films as active layers for high-performance OFETs. Significantly high field-effect mobility values of 1.45 ± 0.46 cm2/Vs have been achieved for rotation coated diketopyrrolopyrrole-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene copolymer films.


In modern conditions auto components domestic manufacturers should not only improve the quality of products to the world level, but also provide the greatest possible profit. As a result, a technique for developing modern technological documentation was proposed. In the framework of this methodology, requirements to modern technological documentation have been developed, factors of profitability decrease in the APQP project cycle have been identified, work grouping providing the best results for the APQP process stages has been grouped, technological information as the basis of enterprise management has been worked out, technological design and technical documentation processes have been developed, scheme of the process of technological design. In the paper, the key control characteristics of technological transitions are systematized, the principles of management of the preparation of production (technological design) based on technical documentation are formulated. The developed measures allow at the stage of technological design not only to obtain information for managing the auto component quality, but also to prevent potential losses, that is, to increase the profitability of the project.


Chicken infected with avian flu at a poultry farm in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Some 30,000 chickens were destroyed in the farm after avian flu broke out there on January 13, 2004. To date some 100 million chickens have been killed or destroyed due to avian flu infection in Asia and North America. Twenty human deaths have been reported in relation to avian flu infection.


Sixty percent of American middle managers aren't satisfied with their jobs. Lifetime employment agreements are a thing of the past. Beyond the Trust Gap shows middle managers and senior executives how to regain the trust of their frontline counterparts and get everyone back on the same team.


One of the main problems in systems biology is to obtain information on signal processing between interconnected groups of neurons in highly distributed networks. The recently introduced technique of manganese (Mn 2+) enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to study neuronal connectivity in vivo opens the possibility to these studies. However, several drawbacks exist that challenge its applicability. High Mn 2+ concentrations produce cytotoxic effects that can perturb the circuits under study. In the other hand, the MR signal is proportional to the Mn 2+ concentration in tissue and thus, significant amounts of Mn 2+ are required to produce detectable contrast and reliable connectivity maps. Here we attempt to optimize the MEMRI technique by preventing toxicity and improving the quality and extension of the obtained connectivity maps. The somatosensory cortex of male SD rats was stereotaxically injected with different Mn 2+-containing solutions. Total amount of injected Mn 2+ ranged between 1 and 16 nmol and the injected volumes between 10 and 80 nL. Osmolarity and pH effects were investigated injecting pH buffered solutions of Mn 2+ (pH 7.3 in Tris-HCl buffer vs. 5.5 in H 2 O) at different concentration (0.05, 0.1 and 0.8 M MnCl 2). Same amounts of Mn 2+ (8nmol) delivered to the tissue at different infusion rates were also compared. Following the injection, T 1-weighted MR imaging (250 mm isotropic resolution) was performed in a 7T scanner at different time points. Fifteen days after the injection animals were sacrificed and brains processed for histology. Nissl staining as well as GFAP and NeuN immunohistochemistry (selective staining for astrocytes and neurons, respectively) were performed in the brain sections to examine cellular toxicity. All injections produced connectivity maps consistent with the known anterograde projections of SI cortex based on classical neuronal tract-tracing techniques. Our results show that pH buffered solution improve the effectiveness of MEMRI, increasing T 1 contrast in the projection sites. In addition, injections of pH buffered and isotonic solutions of 50 and 100 mM MnCl 2 yielded more extensive connectivity maps, in particular, ipsi-and contra-lateral corticocortical connections were evident in all animal injected with those solutions but not with the more usual MEMRI protocol (0.8M MnCl 2 in H 2 O). Hypertonic and non-buffered solutions containing 8nmol Mn 2+ resulted in neuronal death and astrogliosis in extensive areas around the injection point. In sharp contrast, no neuronal toxicity was observed with injections containing up to 8nmol of Mn 2+ …


Currently, the issue of introducing technologies that meet modern environmental requirements into the logging process is put into sharp relief in the forest industry. Such technologies can include air transport, in particular balloon installations, the introduction of which requires further research relating to the influence of weather and landscape conditions on the operation process. The article presents the results of practical and theoretical studies aimed at improving the functionality of balloon logging systems while processing forest areas of different confguration. It was found that the wind load influence is the crucial factor, which adversely affects the balloon as well as haulback line cables. We have developed a methodology and a computer program for determining the dimensions of the external borders of the operational forest area, which allow to install ground winches or border units of the cable system at a distance that provides access to previously inaccessible points of the forest area for the load-gripping mechanism. The output of the program can be represented in the tabular and the graphical forms, which makes it possible to manipulate the loads in the cables and, simultaneously, fnd the overall dimensions of the external borders of the site. The developed algorithm for determining the optimal dimensions of the external borders of the forest exploitation site allows to provide load distribution between the three haulback line cables of the balloon cable system. This will increase the handling and stability of the entire system, and, respectively, ensure the availability of the load gripping mechanism at any point of the processed forest exploitation site by eliminating non-operating zones.
For citation: Abuzov A.V., Ryabukhin P.B. Methodology for Sizing the External Borders of Cutting Areas when Their Development by Balloon Cable Systems. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 2, pp. 81–100. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-2-81-100


The silica (SiO2) sol and hybrid zirconia (ZrO2)/SiO2 sol were used to coat cotton fabrics using the pad-dry-cure method to improve their physical and functional properties. The physical properties of coated and uncoated fabrics, such as tensile strength, tear strength, crease recovery angle, air permeability and whiteness index, were tested as per the standard test methods. The wash durability of the coating on the fabric was also analysed after five and 10 wash cycles. The observed results show that the ZrO2/SiO2-coated fabric has better physical properties than SiO2-coated and uncoated fabrics. In addition, an antibacterial activity test confirms that the SiO2-coated fabric possesses higher antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than the ZrO2/SiO2-coated fabrics.


Isolated mucosal sheets of cattle rumen were studied in vitro in Ussing chambers using a computer‐controlled voltage clamp. Unidirectional fluxes of Na+ and Cl‐ were measured in standard (short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐free) or SCFA‐containing Ringer solution under zero voltage clamp conditions. Net NaCl absorption was observed under zero voltage clamp conditions, was stimulated by SCFAs and was not reduced by 1 mmol l‐1 amiloride, although short‐circuit current was significantly reduced by this concentration of the blocker. A constant coupling ratio of Na+ and Cl‐ absorption was observed.


It has long been known that during the course of lobar pneumonia alterations in the chloride distribution in the blood and urine occur. During the stage of active infection there is a retention of chloride in the body as manifested by a decreased chloride elimination, whereas the blood in this period shows a hypochloremia. The present study was designed to follow the changes in the concentration in the serum of the electrolytes in general and of the non-electrolytes in patients with lobar pneumonia. Hutchison (1898) studied the chloride metabolism in pneumonia and reviewed the literature up to 1898. He showed that diminution in the urinary chlorides might occur in other febrile conditions but was not as constant as in pneumonia and did not occur in other pulmonary diseases. For this reason he believed that an examination of the chlorides was of value in differentiating pneumonia from empyema, pleurisy, et cetera. Peabody (1913) studied the inorganic metabolism in pneumonia and reviewed the literature. In eight cases of pneumonia in which he studied the relation of chloride changes in the blood to changes in the urinary excretion he found that the decrease in the chloride excretion was associated with a lowered chloride concentration in the blood; and that at the time when excretion was increased, the blood chloride concentration was raised. His results also indicated a lowering of calcium and magnesium concentration of the blood during the stage of active infection.


Automatic target detection and tracking requires efficient recognition of the target pattern in variable environmental conditions. Optical joint transform correlation (JTC) method has been proven to be efficient in recognizing a target without requiring complex optical set up. However, the classical JTC suffers from poor correlation performance, which can be improved through the use of different and modified designs. A very successful scheme is developed by employing phase-shifted and phase-encoded fringe-adjusted JTC (SPFJTC), which provides with a high discrimination between a target and non-target objects in a given scene and better utilization of the space-bandwidth resource. Further enhancement of the target detection performance can be achieved by incorporating log-polar transform in the SPFJTC technique. We applied the SPFJTC technique to the log-polar transformation of both the reference image and the input scene that makes the pattern recognition invariant to rotation and scale variations. Peak-to-side lobe ratio is measured and a threshold operation is employed to detect and track a target in an unknown input scene.


Abstract  Despite the best efforts of influenza scientists, companies and health officials to prepare for the next pandemic, most of the world's people will not have access to affordable supplies of vaccines and antiviral agents. They will have to rely on 19th century public health 'technologies' to see them through. In the 21st century, science ought to be able to provide something better. Influenza scientists study the molecular characteristics of influenza viruses and their signaling effects in cell culture and animal models of infection. While these studies have been enormously informative, they have been unable to explain the system‐wide effects of influenza on the host, the increased mortality of younger adults in the 1918 influenza pandemic and the much lower mortality rates in children who were more commonly infected with the 1918 virus. Experiments by non‐influenza scientists have defined common cell signaling pathways for acute lung injury caused by different agents, including inactivated H5N1 influenza virus. These pathways include several molecular targets that are up‐regulated in acute lung injury and down‐regulated by anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents, including statins, fibrates, and glitazones. These agents also help reverse the mitochondrial dysfunction that accompanies multi‐organ failure, something often seen in fatal Influenza. Observational studies suggest that statins are beneficial in treating patients with pneumonia (there are no such studies for fibrates and glitazones). Other studies suggest that these agents might be able to 'roll back' the self‐damaging host response of young adults to the less damaging response of children and thus save lives. Research is urgently needed to determine whether these and other agents that modify the host response might be useful in managing H5N1 influenza and the next pandemic.


Business for the Common Good: A Christian Vision for the Marketplace Kenman L. Wong and Scott B. Rae Downers Grove, Illinois: IVP Academic, 2011 (288 pages)


Executive Summary (Project Rationale, Opportunity, and Value): The Pharmacy Department is a group of 10 managers and 50 staff members. 70% of department positions require on-going reaccreditation and re-certification. 90% of staff expressed interest in tools for professional development. The department is in need of a library as a reference tool and resource for staff's professional development. The project stemmed from the department's Impact Planning and successful completion will help with staff engagement.


In the previous papers (1, 2, 3), it was briefly reported that about ten million aerobic bacteria were found in one ml of oil-brines raised from the oil-layers of a depth from two hundred to seven hundred meters in Japan. They belonged mainly to the genus Pseudomonas, but a few other bacteria were also isolated. This paper deals with the determinative studies of Brevibacterium, Art hrobacter, Micrococcus, Sarcina, Alcaligenes, and Achromobacter isolated from oil-brines in the petroleum zones in Japan.


Mutations involving oncogenesis and tumor suppressor genes are well known and reported in solid malignancies. Among these fusion genes are more commonly seen in hematologic malignancies than in solid tumors. One of the exceptions to this is Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK, a receptor tyrosine kinase first identified as the product of a gene rearrangement in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. ALK has subsequently been found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a further series of tumors including neuroblastoma, and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Since last decade Kinase have become clinically validated targets for cancer therapy after the success story of Imatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Since then Twelve small molecule kinase-targeting agents have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cancer. There is strong preclinical evidence that ALK is a driving force for oncogenesis and inhibition of ALK kinase activity results in anti-tumoural efficacy. These observations have sparked the development of several new small molecule kinase inhibitors, the most advanced of which got approved is crizotinib showing activity clinically in NSCLC patients. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of ALK pathway, its inhibitors in clinical development, in particular crizotinib and future molecules.


In this paper we study the evolution of the collaboration network of structural composite materials in aeronautics between 1980 and 2013.The network is generated using patent and publication data and analyzed following a macro to micro level methodology. All results and interpretations were discussed and validated by engineers and executives from the relevant sector. The macro analysis shows that the evolution of the network is correlated with the life-cycle of the technology. During the research phase, the network structure converges towards a small world. The network becomes a small world when the development stage of the technology is reached. At this point the newly developed technologies diffuse. The structure then diverges from the small world structure once the technology has been integrated. On a micro level the network shows that two diverging strategies in terms of preferential attachment (Barabasi and Albert, 1999) lead to a significant difference in terms of innovative performance.


Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease with great social impact, being regarded as a relevant public health issue in 76 countries in Africa, Asia, and South and Central Americas [1, 2]. It is one of the main water-borne parasitic diseases in the world and it continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, disabling and killing thousands of people every year. Considering that, both public health bodies and pharmaceutical companies need to more diligent regarding that issue [3, 4].


AbstractThe "eye-bead" is a distinctive form of bead or pendant that has circular or concentric circular patterns that can be interpreted as representing one or more eyes. This article investigates the origin and development of eye beads in the Indus Tradition of northwestern South Asia. Although the origins of the eye-bead may date to around 7000 BC at sites such as Mehrgarh, the development of numerous different types of eye beads is clearly associated with the urban period of the Indus Civilization. The function of the eye bead cannot be determined from the archaeological record, but ethnohistorical evidence suggests that it was used to protect the wearer from the "evil eye" or malevolent thoughts. The link between the rise of the eye bead and Indus urbanism and the continuity of eye bead used in later periods is an important issue that needs more investigation.IntroductionThe term "eye-bead" is a very general label that can be applied to any bead or pendant that has circular or concentric circular patterns that can be interpreted as representing one or more eyes. Oval or lenticular patterns are also included in this general pattern, but the circular forms are the most commonly represented in ancient eye beads. Various types of eye-beads and pendants, as well as finger rings with eye motifs are used in many parts of the world as protective ornaments to ward off evil spirits or evil thoughts that might be directed at the wearer. This use is well documented historically (Beck 1928; Dubin 1987; Elsworthy 2004) and we can assume that this practice has its origins in the prehistoric period when the first eye-beads were being produced.The discovery of beads with distinctive eye patterns is well known from the early excavations at the sites of Mohenjo-daro (Marshall 1931) and Harappa (Vats 1940), Pakistan, but a comprehensive study of their production and use as well as their chronology has never been undertaken. The excavations at the site of Harappa conducted by the Harappa Archaeological Research Project (Dales and Kenoyer 1991; Meadow and Kenoyer 2005) have resulted in the recovery of a large assemblage of well documented beads that are being studied to understand the overall chronology and contexts for the use of different types of beads (Kenoyer 2005). This paper will provide a preliminary discussion of the eye beads found at Harappa and some other sites, as well as the variation in production and style over time. Very few eye beads have been found in primary contexts at Harappa where their function can be determined, but the use of these beads can be determined on the basis of depictions on sculptures, such as the so-called "Priest-King" from Mohenjo-daro, as well as contemporaneous civilizations. Additional information can be obtained from the use of eye beads in later periods and ethnographic examples.ChronologyIn order to better document the creation, use and changes in eye-bead styles over time, it is important to clearly define the major chronological periods of the Indus Tradition of the northwestern subcontinent. The Indus Tradition represents the long trajectory of cultural development that includes the early settling down of huntergatherer communities and the eventual development of agriculture, animal husbandry and specialized craft technologies (Kenoyer 1991; Kenoyer 2008). The Indus Tradition is divided into five major Eras representing distinct subsistence practices, socio-economic and political-ideological developments (Table 1). Each Era is subdivided into Phases that are defined by pottery styles and also distinctive artifact styles. The regions encompassed by such diagnostic artifacts can be a small region or valley, or larger areas that encompass many regions. This framework provides an optimal tool for making broad regional comparisons without the confusion of individual site sequences and internal chronologies.Early Bead Making and "Eye Beads"Although no clear examples of eye beads have been reported from Upper Palaeolithic sites, the origins of the technologies used to make beads of shell and stone can be traced to the Upper Palaeolithic period of South Asia, some 10,000 to 30,000 years ago (Kenoyer 1992). …


A formal description of configurational functions in alloys is presented. The approach introduces an infinity of orthogonal and complete basis sets in the configurational space of finite clusters, and leads naturally to generalized cluster expansions. In the present approach, the orthogonality of the basis functions is defined with respect to the scalar product given in terms of unrestricted sums over all possible configurations of the cluster. In the thermodynamic limit, this definition of the scalar product corresponds to sums in the canonical ensemble and, as such, the basis are well adapted to describe functions at any fixed concentration. A general relation between the expansion coefficients in different basis is derived.


A detection circuit was designed and implemented by analyzing the spatial distribution characteristic of FPGA while the single event effect(SEE) happens. When the proposed circuit is placed close to the FPGA circuit that needs to be detected, it can detect the FPGA status changes due to the spatial feature of SEE, and then achieve whether the soft errors happen or not. The simulation experiments show that the designed circuit is feasible and effective. In addition, this detection circuit has very little resources and performance loss.


The deposition system and parameters for repeatably producing highly oriented ZnO thin films suitable for high frequency acousto-electric transducers are described. At the high super-saturations used the state of the nucleating surface and the partial pressure of oxygen, in the sputtering gas mix, are shown to critically affect the texture and stress level in the film. The performance of a germanium acousto-optic modulator employing a ZnO thin film transducer is compared with that expected theoretically. The photoelastic constant of germanium at 10.6 μ is shown to be 0.42 ± 0.05. The analysis indicates that a germanium acoust-ooptic modulator could be used to efficiently couple energy out of a CO2 laser.


Objective To study the effects of different ambient temperatures on the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos-induced hypothermia in the rat and its relationship with change in the heat loss from the tail.Methods Colonic temperature and tail skin temperature were measured at intervals of 60 mins with digital thermometer.Oral chlorpyrifos-induced changes in colonic temperature and tail skin temperature were observed at cold(16℃),neutral(25℃) and warm(32℃) ambient temperature.Results At ambient temperature of 32℃,baseline body temperature and tail skin temperature were higher at 32℃ than at 16℃and 25℃.Oral chlorpyrifos(20 mg/kg) resulted in a rapid reduction in colonic temperature and a marked elevation in the heat loss from the tail at ambient temperatures of 25℃ and 16℃,respectively.At 32℃,chlorpyrifos caused a significant increase in colonic temperature,but didn't affect heat loss from the tail.Conclusion ①Chlorpyrifos can caused a significant hypothermia in the rat at neutral and cold ambient temperature,whereas at warm ambient temperature this substances led to a marked hyperthermia.②The effects of different ambient temperatures on chlorpyrifos-induced hypothermia in the rat is closely related with change in the heat loss from the tail.


Trends are very important in climate research and are ubiquitous in the climate system. Trends are usually estimated using simple linear regression. Given the complexity of the system, trends are expected to have various features such as global and local characters. It is therefore important to develop methods that permit a systematic decomposition of climate data into different trend patterns and remaining no‐trend patterns. Empirical orthogonal functions and closely related methods, widely used in atmospheric science, are unable in general to capture trends because they are not devised for that purpose. The present paper presents a novel method capable of systematically capturing trend patterns from gridded data. The method is based on an eigenanalysis of the covariance/correlation matrix obtained using correlations between time positions of the sorted data, and trends are associated with the leading nondegenerate eigenvalues. Application to simple low‐dimensional time series models and reanalyses data are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.


Based on traditional Chinese medical literatures published in the past dynasties,the paper makes a review of the evolutionary history of the Chinese herb fumigation and steaming therapy in arthromyodynia.It is believed that the Chinese herb fumigation and steaming therapy in arthromyodynia has had a origin in Qin and Han Dynasties,development in Jin and Tang Dynasties,perfection in Song and Yuan Dynasties,modern development after the founding of the People's Republic of China;it is indicated that the prospect of the Chinese herb fumigation and steaming therapy in arthromyodynia is broad,so we should have a succession,innovation,enhance and glorify,thus services for Patients.


The antenna system (200, 400, 500, and 600) for use within the communication device 100 is disclosed. The communication device 100 includes a signal source (260, 425, and 635), the main housing 105 and hinge assembly 125, the movable flip housing 110 is movably connected to the main housing 105 through. The hinge assembly 125 includes a second knuckle 810 coupled to the opposite side of the hinge shaft, the first knuckle 805, and a hinge shaft connected to one side of the hinge shaft. An antenna system (200, 400, 500, and 600) includes at least one of the knuckles of the hinge assembly (125). Communication device, the antenna system, the signal source, the knuckle


The invention relates to a camera mode selection based on a context. An aspect provides a method, including: obtaining, using one or more sensors of a device, contextual data relating to a picture taking context; assigning, using a processor, the contextual data to a predetermined picture taking context; and selecting a camera from two or more cameras of the device based on the predetermined picture taking context. Other aspects are described and claimed.


Research was undertaken to determine the effects of particle size and matrix solution composition on matrix interferences for slurry nebulisation analysis of clay minerals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Four size fractions of Grundite illite and Georgia kaolinite 3 were used for these analyses. The spectrometer was calibrated with multi-element solution standards. Elemental recoveries were determined by comparing the results obtained using slurry nebulisation with results for elemental determination from hydrofluoric acid digests of the samples. A differential effect of particle size on elemental recoveries was observed for samples prepared in HNO3 and NaCl matrix solutions. For the Grundite illite, Si and Al recoveries significantly decreased with increases in particle size, Mg and Fe recoveries decreased to a lesser extent and Ca recoveries were independent of particle size. These differences were attributed to the displacement of various amounts of Fe, Mg and Ca from clay particles into the matrix solutions by matrix solution cations and the more efficient transport of the matrix solutions than the particles to the plasma. In addition, Al recoveries were from 2 to 21% lower than Si recoveries for samples prepared in the HNO3 matrix solutions. Aluminium recoveries significantly increased with increases in observation height, which indicates that Al recoveries were limited by the incomplete dissociation -excitation of clay particles within the plasma. Furthermore, Al recoveries were significantly greater for samples prepared in 0.1 M NaCl than for samples prepared in 1 M HNO3. This effect is tentatively attributed to the enhanced collisional dissociation of clay particles. Matrix interferences may introduce substantial bias in results of slurry nebulisation analyses. This bias, however, can be minimised by restricting slurry nebulisation analyses to samples with particle sizes less than 2 µm and by using 0.1 M NaCl matrix solutions.


We propose a new type of principal component analysis (PCA) mixture model which consists of a combination of several PCA models as a good estimation model of complex data distribution. The proposed PCA mixture model has a fast and sub-optimal method of model order selection, so that the time-consuming EM learning procedure is executed only once, with all the PCA bases being kept for a given number of mixture components. Using the ordering property of PCA bases, the effect of PCA bases on a good model is evaluated from an appropriate selection criterion, where each less significant PCA base is pruned, starting from the most insignificant PCA base. As the optimal model order for the given problem, we select a pair of the number of mixture components and the number of PCA bases that results in the smallest classification error over the validation data set. Simulation results of the synthetic data classification and eye detection problem show that the proposed model selection method determines the model order appropriately and improves classification and detection performance.


Techniques for delineating faults have been applied to a 3D seismic data acquired over parts of offshore Niger Delta. The volumetric dip and azimuth of the seismic traces was first computed directly from the seismic reflection data. Noise cancellation techniques were then applied to the data to highlight overall structural dip trend. An attribute that highlight seismic discontinuities based on trace-trace similarity was then computed over a user-defined window using the seismic reflectivity and smoothened dip data as input. The dip and similarity volumes reveal a structural framework consisting of a major NE-SW trending lineament separating two zones of contrasting structural styles. In the northern part of the lineament, deformation is compressional, with NNE-SSW to N-S trending thrusts and folds. In the south, deformation is characterized by a network of predominantly NW-SE trending extensional faults. Although the structural trend is clearly evident in the computed dip volumes, estimating multi-trace similarity along structural dips has significantly improved the ability to recognize faults in the data.


Several proofs have been published of the Mod Z gluing formula for the eta-invariant of a Dirac operator. However, so far the integer contribution to the gluing formula for the eta-invariant is left obscure in the literature. In this article we present a gluing formula for the eta-invariant which expresses the integer contribution as a triple index involving the boundary conditions and the Calderon projectors of the two parts of the decomposition. The main ingredients of our presentation are the Scott-Wojciechowski theorem for the determinant of a Dirac operator on a manifold with boundary and the approach of Bruning-Lesch to the mod Z gluing formula.
Our presentation includes careful constructions of the Maslov index and triple index in a symplectic Hilbert space. As a byproduct we give intuitively appealing proofs of two theorems of Nicolaescu on the spectral flow of Dirac operators.
As an application of our methods, we carry out a detailed analysis of the eta-invariant of the odd signature operator coupled to a flat connection using adiabatic methods. This is used to extend the definition of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer rho-invariant to manifolds with boundary. We derive a ``non-additivity'' formula for the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer rho-invariant and relate it to Wall's non-additivity formula for the signature of even-dimensional manifolds.


As the development of information society,library should adopt modern technology and promote the ability of using information to keep pace with the times.Moreover,under the network condition,it is necessary to adjust the concept and integrate materials as well as share them.


In order to fundamentally change the teaching of digital environment structure,to achieve a teacher-led and student-centered new mode of teaching,this paper designs a special study website for effectively promoting independent learning.Analysing the problem of the special website,it raises the "picture photography and editing" for learning web design strategy,exploring the design of modern educational thought,the learning of autonomous development,and the integration of characteristics of practical courses and independent learning strategy.


This study was conducted throughout Iowa beginning in the lower reaches of each river system and working upstream into the headwaters and small tributaries. Trapping with baited hoop-nets (Legler, 1960) was begun in 1969 and continued through 1974. Trammel nets (15.25 x 1.25 m) were also used, and animals were collected by hand as described by Webb (1962). Basking sites were described and the number and kind of basking turtles, air and water temperatures, and time of basking were recorded. Turtles collected for stomach content analyses were immediately killed by cephalic injection of 95% ethanol and injection of 15% formalin into the stomachs. Shells and soft parts were preserved separately in 10% formalin as described by Christiansen and Dunham (1972) and all preserved specimens were deposited in the Drake University Research Collection. Approximate percentages of identifiable insects, unidentifiable insect parts, other identifiable animals and parts, miscellaneous animal material, plant material, sand and gravel, and debris were determined volumetrically. Significance of difference between food eaten by the two species was estimated at the 5% level with the help of 2 x 2 Chi-square and Student's t tests. Radiotelemetry observations were made in three abandoned, flooded sand pits adjacent to the Cedar River on the north side of Muscatine County highway F-70, 11.2 kilometers northwest of Muscatine, Iowa. During high water these ponds were continuous and connected to the river. They lacked rooted vegetation, but had a variety of fish. The turtle fauna included Graptemys pseudogeographica, Chrysemys picta, Chelydra serpentina, and the two Trionyx species. In 1974, one


A compact unit of elegiac poems, the Lygdamus cycle ([Tib.] 3.1–6) recounts the end of the lover-poet's affair with Neaera. Through a fictional account of his story, from the initial dedication of his libellus ([Tib.] 3.1) and the 'celebration' of his soon-to-be death ([Tib.] 3.2), to a visitation from Apollo ([Tib. 3.4]) and the closing hymn to Bacchus ([Tib.] 3.6), Lygdamus displays the credentials of a poeta-amator and provides lovers with a study of elegiac love; he becomes a praeceptor amoris. This chapter focuses on Lygdamus' construction of his elegiac persona and points to elegiac models (especially Catullus and Ovid) as central to Lygdamus' fashioning of his love story as an elegiac paradigm. He expects his readers to draw on his affair with Neaera in order to learn how to love; by narrating his discidium, he celebrates the death of elegiac love and enters into the elegiac canon.


Background: Sports nutrition has grown substantially. Considering that as compared to sedentary or moderately active individuals, athletes have distinct nutritional requirements, it is important to reflect on the adequacy of food intake as compared to the established recommendations. Thus, the present study evaluated food consumption and nitrogen balance in bodybuilders' from Cuité-Paraíba, aiming to learn their food and nutritional profiles. Methods: Data were collected using structured questionnaires and 24-hour dietary recalls. Anthropometric evaluations were performed. The analyses were performed on Avanutri®. For both urea determination and nitrogen balance calculations, twenty-four (24) hour urine processing was also performed. Results: The sample consisted of 6 amateur bodybuilders, with a mean age of 22.83 ± 4.53 (standard deviation), weight 72.37 ± 14.34 kg, height 1.68 ± 0.10 meters, and fat percentage of 11.81 ± 2.84%. The majority (5 athletes) was in the hypertrophy period (offsession), and 1 athlete was in definition (precontest). The food consumption results indicated that according to established recommendations for the sports modality, the athletes (with high intake of protein, and low carbohydrate consumption) were practicing inadequate eating habits. Testing showed that zinc, and vitamins D, B1, B2, and B6 intake was adequate. It was also observed that 66.67% (n = 4) used dietary supplements. The mean nitrogen balance was 19.15 ± 22.09. Conclusion: The bodybuilders' diets were hyper-proteic, normo-lipid and hypo-glycemic; being inadequate in magnesium, iron, sodium and vitamins A, B3, C and E. The positive nitrogen balance found for the athletes correlated to their high protein intakes.


The author presents the results of his own research of flora of mosses (Musci) of the part of Prokletije Mts. that lies in Serbia and in Montenegro. He mentions 268 species for the part, which so far remained briofloristically practically unknown; among them 10 species are new records for Serbia and 44 for Montenegro. In his horological analysis, the author specifically emphasises the large proportion of »northern elements« (arctic alpine, subarctic-subalpine, boreal-montane, boreal-temperate), which migrated into the Prokletije Mts. in the Pleistocene.


The grossly untapped hydro potential in the global south is attributed to the inadequate technical personnel; as one of the main factors limiting the design and manufacturing of efficient small hydropower (SHP) turbine plants. The technical personnel and production facilities available in the global south, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), cannot support the development of these components sufficiently. The study presents the CFT design process in a clearer and simplified manner. To bridge the technical knowledge gap, the study presents an improved SHP system design procedure through a partly isolated-based design sequence. The entire design process of the SHP turbine, with a focus on crossflow turbine (CFT), was divided into sections, subsections, and parts. The study presents connections between geometry, operation, and functionality of design parameters for CFT components, such as runner, shaft, pulley, and belt graphically and in tabular forms.


Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a condition of unknown aetiology characterised by severe physical and mental fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive disturbances. Due to the lack of a clear biological marker, those with CFS/ME frequently encounter stigma and delegitimation of illness, causing them psychological distress. Individuals with CFS/ME tend to reject the psychogenic model associated with CFS/ME in favour of a viral or immunological explanation: a perception which appears to aid their understanding of their illness. A recent, widely publicised study by Lombardi et al. (2009) claimed to have identified a link between xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV) and CFS/ME. In this context, an investigation of the influence of these research findings on the thoughts and feelings of people living with CFS/ME was conducted. Nine semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with support group members in the United Kingdom. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA; Smith 1996) was used to uncover three superordinate themes: XMRV and the legitimation of CFS/ME, a cautious response to the research findings, and criticism of the reaction to the XMRV research of fellow individuals with CFS/ME. The findings are discussed in relation to the existing literature surrounding illness representations, with a critique of the present study.