Abstract A hybrid imaging system combines a modified optical imaging system and a digital post-processing step. A spatial-domain method is described to design a pupil phase plate to extend the depth of field of an incoherent hybrid imaging system with a circular aperture. This method is used to obtain a pupil phase plate to extend the depth of field, and is referred to as the EDF circular phase plate. By introducing an EDF circular phase plate at the exit pupil of a simulated diffraction-limited system and digitally processing the output of the detector, the depth of field is extended by approximately an order of magnitude more than the Hopkins defocus criterion.


Western-state non-riparian water-law regimes remain legally vital and highly useful in the age of increased scarcity and ecological concern. Claims that the property rights central to these regimes can be revoked without Fifth-Amendment takings implications - as a result of applying various doctrines, or of limitations inherent in the rights as granted - are historically and legally unsound, and doctrinally unwise. Declaring water rights non-compensable would require accepting a maxim of legal interpretation that could not be limited to the water-rights (or even property-rights) context, and would render all constitutional guarantees liable to negation without constitutional process. Moreover, such a move would not serve the ecological-protection, social-justice or efficient-use objectives claimed for it. The wiser course is for states to renounce any pretense to uncompensated-taking authority; establish ecological-use water trusts of a quasi-private nature; and arm these or co-ordinate public agencies with both eminent-domain power and the power to negotiate agreements freeing extant water rights from various alienation-and-use restrictions. This would secure for exclusive ecological use a water supply equal to fisc-backed public demand, would spur efficient planning and use of ecological waters, and would enhance the water-law regime's ability to spur efficient and wise use of waters remaining in private hands.


This paper develops an optimal tolling model for a highway corridor within a general network. With a level of service constraint, this paper presents the dual price of this constraint as the congestion toll for traffic management. The toll system would be deployed on part of the highway system instead of whole network and also constrained by the level of service requirement. Instead of the first-best Pigoviun tax style, the tolling policy discussed in this research is regarded as the second-best toll. The proposed model is demonstrated in two stages. In the first stage, the authors use two small networks to test the results of the proposed model. In the second stage the authors demonstrate the proposed model by a Taiwanese highway corridor with parallel urban arterials to compare two traffic management policies and the state-of-the-practice tolling policy. The numerical results based on these test scenarios are explored to provide the highway agencies with policy insights when conducting congestion pricing schemes in a large network.


: This paper aims to create a prototype for a smart vehicle system that provides real-time location of the vehicle upon detection of a crash and alerts the police station and the user's relatives, as well as a panic button feature for the safety of a passenger. We also show a cabin monitoring system and an interactive interface between a user and a car, in which the user can send a text message to the car's GSM module to inquire about temperature, humidity, and other factors within the vehicle. The GSM module communicates with the Arduino, which retrieves sensor data and sends it to the user via text message. In a good automobile, anyone can simply manage the system and speech recognition, as well as the mechanism to conceal the checkout distance. To tend the square measure victimisation Bluetooth module, the speech should recognise.


Candidates for reflector panel design concepts, including materials and configurations, were identified. The large list of candidates was screened and reduced to the five most promising ones. Cost and technical factors were used in making the final choices for the panel conceptual design, which was a stiffened steel skin substrate with a bonded, acrylic overcoated, aluminized polyester film reflective surface. Computer simulations were run for the concentrator optics using the selected panel design, and experimentally determined specularity and reflectivity values. Intercept factor curves and energy to the aperture curves were produced. These curves indicate that surface errors of 2 mrad (milliradians) or less would be required to capture the desired energy for a Brayton cycle 816 C case. Two test panels were fabricated to demonstrate manufacturability and optically tested for surface error. Surface errors in the range of 1.75 mrad and 2.2 mrad were measured.


Overall, this tome should have significant impact in the field.The chapters have well drawntogether most important and state-of-the-art information about domestic violence. Informative empirical findings and the case applications provide meaning to theoretical discussions. The handbook may be used as a text or by practitioners in the fieldsof social work, criminal justice, psychology, and, in fact, all human services. In many instances, the authors provide practical guidelines for assessment and intervention or specific tools for the establishment of effectiveand innovative programs. Each chapter is well-written and researched, and perspectives presented appear to be well-supported by extant literature. The use of case illustrations is particularly effective in portraying experiences and innovations, and the detailing of information in many instances allows the reader to learn how to advocate for battered women and to intervene on their behalf.This handbook can be an extremely useful addition to all organizations and individuals interested in the field of domestic violence. Professor Roberts is to be applauded for successfully undertaking this major project and for garnering the supportive expertise of authors with substantial knowledge in the area of domestic violence.


The present study explored the learning difficulties in English writing among socially disadvantaged elementary school students in relation to their academic achievement, intelligence and parental encouragement. Researcher conducted this study to explore that which group in academic achievement (high or low), intelligence (high or average intelligence) and parental encouragement (high or low) among elementary school socially disadvantaged students have more learning difficulties in English writing. For this purpose, descriptive survey method was used by researcher. A sample of 1600 socially disadvantaged elementary school students (800 male and 800 female) were randomly selected. On the basis of their percentage of marks in Enlish in previous class students were classified into high and low achievement group. On the basis of scores obtained on RSPM students were divided into high and average intelligence group. Students were classified into high and low parental encouragement group on the basis of parental encouragement scale. After, that test to assess the learning difficulties in English writing was administered; t-test was used to find out the significant differences. Results of the study showed that both male and female students with high (academic achievement, intelligence and parental encouragement) were significantly better in English writing as compared to the students with low (academic achievement and parental encouragement) and average intelligence. Students with low (academic achievement and parental encouragement) and average intelligence have more English writing difficulties as compared to high (academic achievement, intelligence and parental encouragement) students. Further, results of this study didn't present any significant differences in LD's of male and female students in high (academic achievement, intelligence and parental encouragement) group. While, in case of male and female students belong to low parental encouragement group significant difference in LD's in English writing exists.


Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review David Bellows, Noel Chan, John Chen, Hui-Chen Cheng, Michael Vaphiades, and Konrad Weber Findings support the need for immediate evaluation and, if necessary, intervention in patients with central retinal artery occlusion Mir TA, Arham AZ, Fang W, Alqahtani F, Alkhouli M, Gallo J, Hinkle DM. Acute vascular ischemic events in patients with central retinal artery occlusion in the United States: a Nationwide Study 2003–2014.Am JOphthalmol. 2019Apr 1;200:179–86. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) confers a high risk of other ischaemic events. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of an acute ischaemic event occurring immediately following CRAO and to identify the risk factors associated with these events. Using the database from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the authors reviewed the records of 17,117 patients whowere admitted to a hospital in theUnited States with a diagnosis of CRAO. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of an in-hospital acute ischaemic event. The mean age of patients with CRAO was 68.4 years and 53% of the patients were female. The authors found that the most common risk factors associated with CRAO included hypertension, carotid artery stenosis, atrial fibrillation, and left-sided cardiac valve disease (most commonly aortic stenosis). The incidence of a stroke occurring during hospitalization measured 12.9% and the incidence of myocardial infarction measured 3.7%. The combined risk of stroke, transient ischaemic attack, myocardial infarction or mortality measured 19%. Not surprisingly they found that the risk of stroke was greatest in those patients with co-morbidities including hypertension, carotid artery stenosis, aortic valve disease, smoking, and alcohol abuse. The authors make a convincing argument that high-risk CRAO patients undergo immediate evaluation (with 24 h) and appropriate intervention if risk factors for other acute ischaemic events are identified. David Bellows Likelihood and timing of recurrence after first episode of optic neuritis in Asia Park K-A, Oh SY, Min J-H, Kim BJ. Incidence and timing of recurrence of optic neuritis. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019;257:651–655 This is a retrospective review evaluating the incidence and timing of recurrence after the first episode of optic neuritis in an Asian population. Patients with prior history of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), systemic vasculitis or other forms of optic neuropathies were excluded while recurrence was defined as new attack occurring after an interval of 30 days. A total of 111 patients were included in the study and all except 2 received intravenousmethylprednisolone for 3–5 days followed by oral prednisolone 1mg/kg daily for 11 days. Two patients did not receive any treatment due to mild disease and one of them was pregnant. Eighteen (16%) patients had positive results forNMOIgG and were started on long-term immunosuppressant after slower tapering of oral steroid. Seven (6%) relapses occurred after intravenous methylprednisolone treatment. The recurrence rate was highest within 1 year after the first episode of optic neuritis. If there was no recurrence until 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after the first episode of optic neuritis, the next 5-year survival probabilitywere 67%, 72%, and 81%, respectively. During the followup, 24 patients (22%) were diagnosed as NMOSD, 13 (12%) developed definite MS, 4 (4%) fulfilled the CONTACT John J. Chen, MD, PhD email@example.com Mayo Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, USA 55905 NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY 2019, VOL. 43, NO. 4, 271–275 https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2019.1645496 © 2019 Taylor & Francis criteria for chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION). Among the 74 patients with idiopathic optic neuritis, 25 (34%) experienced recurrence. Of the 24 patients with NMO and 13 patients with MS, 17 (71%) and 1 (8%) experienced recurrence. Although the annual incidence decreased over time after the first attack, the cumulative recurrence rate increased continuously for 10 years. Five patients in this study had recurrence at more than 10 years after the first episode. This finding highlights the importance of long-term monitoring and warning patients of the possibility of recurrence even after a single episode of optic neuritis. The estimated cumulative incidence of recurrence in either eye was 26% at 1 year, 33% at 3 years, 37% at 5 years and 50% at 10 years after the first episode of optic neuritis. This figure is higher than the recurrence rate of 35% at 10 years in the ONTT study. Such discrepancy could be attributable to the difference in the method of analysis, racial difference and proportions of patients with NMOSD. Limitations of this study include its retrospective nature, single tertiary centre involvement and lack of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody results. Nevertheless, this study has provided useful observations in terms of the long-term clinical profile in Asian patients presenting with their first episode of optic neuritis. Noel Chan Risk of ischemic stroke after microvascular ocular motor palsy Beato-Coelho J, Varela R, Almendra L, Carvalho M, Duque C, Patrício M, SargentoFreitas J, Freire A, Lemos J. ischaemic stroke incidence in patients with microvascular ocular motor palsy versus patients with lacunar ischeamic stroke. Neurologist 2019;24:50–52. This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective database comparing the incidence of ischaemic stroke in patients with prior microvascular ocular motor palsy (CN III, IV, or VI palsies) versus lacunar ischaemic stroke. The study included 57 patients with microvascular ocular motor palsies (composed of 15 CNIII palsies, 16 CNIV palsies, 26 CNVI palsies) and 53 patients with ischemic lacunar infarcts sharing similar gender distribution and baseline vascular risk factor profiles. After 80 months from the index event, a total of 12 patients developed ischaemic stroke of which 8 (14%) were from ocular motor palsy group and 4 (7%) were patients with prior lacunar infarct. The annual occurrence rate of ischaemic stroke was 2.1% and 0.6% per year for the ocular motor palsy group and lacunar infarct group, respectively. Cox regression analysis did not identify a statistically significant difference between the two groups. This study showed that presumed microvascular ocular motor cranial nerve palsy may be an underrecognized independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke. One other interesting finding in this study was the difference in the use of antiplatelet treatment after the two different index events. At the individualise discretion of the treating physician, antiplatelet treatment was initiated in all patients of the lacunar ischaemic stroke group but only half (56.1%) of the patients in the microvascular ocular motor palsy group. Despite the well-established role of antiplatelet treatment in the prevention of non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke, this finding might not be too surprising as microvascular ocular motor palsies have been regarded as a selflimiting event. Multivariate analysis in the current study however was not able to demonstrate the relationship between the use of antiplatelet and the risk of subsequent ischaemic stroke in patients with a prior history of ocular motor palsy. Noel Chan Eculizumab is effective for AQP4-IgG-Positive NMOSD Pittock SJ, et al. Eculizumab in aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. New Engl J Med. 2019. The authors conducted a phase 3, multi-centre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (PREVENT) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eculizumab in patients with aquaporin-4 (AQP4)IgG-positive NMOSD. One hundred and fortythree adults with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD were randomised in a 2:1 ratio to receive either intravenous eculizumab or placebo. The primary endpoint was the time to first adjudicated relapse. 272 D. BELLOWS ET AL.


This research entitled The Development of Batik Fabric Enterprises in Gulurejo Village, Lendah District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region 1986-2018. The purpose of this research is to determine the development of batik fabric business in the village of Gulurejo, what factors influenced the development of the batik fabric business and the implications of the development of batik fabric business for the local community. In this the researcher apply the methodology of economic history. The theory used in this research is the theory of Jhon Adam Smith about demand and supply, besides that the researcher also use the theory of commodification from Marx. The method used in this research is historical research method, where in this method there are four stages namely, (1) heuristic, (2) Source Criticism, (3) interpretation, and (4) historiography. The results of this study revealed the ups and downs of the batik cloth business were influenced by several events such as the economic crisis, the Bali bombings and the earthquake. The development of batik cloth business is influenced by the community and government policies. With the development of the batik cloth business until 2018 it has had an impact on society in the socio-economic and socio-cultural fields.


Based on a spatial model, the Martinique beaches and coastal wetlands are examined to identify the risks of coastal squeeze. In many cases coastal development prevents coasts from adapting by shifting landward. Also tourism infrastructure augments the vulnerability of beach reduction and mangrove squeeze. More than 70% of all Martinique beaches and 29% of mangrove forests are highly endangered by coastal squeeze if sea level rises. The majority of coastal constructions and especially tourist hotels are built at heights between 1 and 10 m above the present sea level and therefore also within the zone at risk to flooding and erosion. Spatial analysis based on a conducted GIS model is carried out that evaluates the tourist destinations most vulnerable to the impacts of sea level rise. If sea level rises and beach reduction becomes an increasing problem the attractiveness of Martinique beaches as tourist destination is likely to decline.


with a socio-ecological rather than a conventional anthropological study; one has to accept that this is a common pattern in studies of the more primitive hunters and gatherers and not necessarily a personal failure on the part of the author. Even so, one would have appreciated an altogether fuller exposition of their social organization elaborating what is clearly a complex pattern of joking and avoidance relations with case examples that could have led to a more penetrating treatment. The title is somewhat misleading, since it is gathering food plants rather than hunting as such that forms the basis of the G/wi's livelihood. Meat is highly prized but of very uncertain availabilit3% and hunting is confined to situations when the prey is readily accessible in large numbers to give the greatest reward for least expenditure of energy. G/wi survival is primarily geared to gathering, with the products of the hunt treated as a luxury. In contrast to Service who has emphasized the patrilineal basis of hunting and gathering societies because of the need for (male) hunters to know their territory intimately over a lifetime, the author asserts that the amount of local knowledge required by a hunter can be acquired in a few weeks, and that it is the foraging activity of the (female) gatherers that requires extensive knowledge. This is consistent with the prolonged period of uxorilocal residence after marriage, during which time the husband's ties with his parents may dwindle altogether (p. 186). Their pattern of existence is geared to the maximization of four incompatible ideals : to obtain food, with least expenditure of energy, living with the largest possible residential group, for the longest period. The critical period of the year occurs around October when there are few edible plants available and little meat to be had because of the emigration of the fauna. This leads to a period during which the camps disperse, and individual households eke out a survival with the males joining in the gathering activities and everyone conserving their energies and accepting hunger as a fact of survival. The author sees this as functionally analogous to hibernation in other species. The social organization, if not the G/wi social ideal, diminishes to a point where they just tick over, and the band becomes dormant and inoperative, but survival is relatively well assured. The alternative would be to migrate with the fauna or to other areas where the habitat is more benign during this period. However, this would bring the G/wi into competition with other groups and would seriously test their network of alliances that extend among Bushmen throughout the Kalahari. As matters stand, if their numbers are decimated to a point where they are threatened with extinction, they can call on this wider network of external alliances for support; the hunger and deprivations of the season are the price they are prepared to pay to sustain the alliances and ensure this ultimate security. There is a wealth of detail in this study that will surely be scrutinized by ecological Kalaharists. Sadly, however, there is only sparse reference to the wealth of other studies that have been carried out more recently among Bushmen, and the prolonged gestation of this study by one dedicated generalist has allowed it to be overtaken by a team of specialists working more recently among a neighbour group of Bushmen, Richard Lee and his colleagues. Individual anthropologists who immerse themselves in particular peoples without specific hypotheses can indeed emerge with studies that penetrate more deeply than whole teams with a less intensive involvement. However, in ecological matters, the superior resources of the specialized team and the importance of quantification and methodology place the individual unspecialized pioneer at a disadvantage. Two examples bring this out very clearly. It was the author who at one time suggested that taller Bushmen are almost invariably poor hunters and enjoy little prestige : an intriguing comment, but wholly impressionistic. This led Lee to examine this as a hypothesis, recording the hunting success, approximate ages and heights of 112 men and substantiating that this is indeed a valid observation as they grow older. (Lee R. B. The !Kung San, Cambridge, 1979, 290). To the present author must go the credit of making the observation, but it remained for Lee to place it on a scientific basis and to refine it. Again, one may take the author's calculation that mortality between birth and puberty among the G/wi is only 7% (p. 286). Given the hazards of the environment, this is an improbably low figure and the author shows no obvious awareness of the pitfalls in gathering this kind of data. Nancy Howell working among the !Kung Bushmen with a rigorously controlled survey recorded a more plausible figure of 40% (Lee, op oil., 48). Here one suspects that the author's lack of expertise led him into serious error, and it raises awkward questions regarding his reliability in other respects. The G/wi appear to be in an altogether more marginal habitat than the !Kung with serious seasonal food and water shortages. Clearly, comparison over a whole range of issues would be highly desirable. It is to be hoped that the author's material does prove to be sufficiently reliable in general to allow for some comparison between the central and northern Bushmen in a future publication.


In this work the muon transfer process {ital A}+{mu}{ital B}{r arrow}{ital A}{mu}+{ital B} is treated in a similar way to that used in chemical reactions. Two processes were considered: the exothermic reaction {ital d}+{ital p}{mu}{r arrow}{ital d}{mu}+{ital p} and the thermoneutral reaction {ital d}+{ital d}{mu}{r arrow}{ital d}{mu}+{ital d}, where the two deuterons are treated as distinguishable particles. Energy-dependent (0.5{le}{ital E}{le}10 eV) reaction probabilities and integral cross sections were calculated by solving the three-body Schroedinger equation using the mass-scaled Jacobi coordinates ({ital R},{ital r}) and the orientation angle {gamma}. After the {gamma} eigenvalue problem is solved at fixed ({ital R},{ital r}), the scattering matrix is calculated. It is shown that the contribution of closed vibrational states (so-called nonadiabatic'' corrections) changes the behavior of the muon transfer cross section.


An android-based e-book application for teaching materials is a type of electronic book in softcopy. This study aims to design an android-based e-book application for Pupujian Sundanese teaching materials and determine its feasibility. This research is development research (R&D). The flow in this research are: 1) potential problems: 2) data collection; 3) product design: 4) design validation; 5) design revision; 6) product trial; 7) product revision; 8) trial use; 9) product revision; 10) mass production. Based on design validation, this application is feasible to test because the percentage is 85.00% - 100.00%. This product was tested on students of the Regional Language and Literature Education Study Program, STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan. Based on the pretest and posttest results, the average value of the pretest was 56.42, while the posttest obtained an average value of 77.21. It can be concluded that the android-based e-book application for Sundanese Pupujian teaching materials is "appropriate" to be implemented in learning and can be mass-produced.


Your guide to finding and utilizing resources to complete your current events summaries for Ms. Gabbard's Biology courses. using the online catalog to find materials


This article sets out to question the relationship between criminal law, punishment and prohibition. The argument is made that criminal law is not founded upon prohibitive grounds but rather on permissive grounds. Criminal law does not operate as a set of prohibitive rules, whereby the rule breaker is punished, but rather as a system that is indexed by permission and particularly by the slogan 'enjoy without restraints!' If criminal law is viewed in this way, it can be read as a manual of citizenship. The article articulates this reading through the use of psychoanalytic myths. The aim is to open up a space whereby one can articulate and criticize the wider project in which criminal law is engaged, one whereby it creates the conditions for citizenship.


Many artists create the variety of colors in their paintings by mixing a small number of primary pigments. Therefore, analytical techniques for studying paintings must be capable of determining the components of mixtures. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is one of many techniques that can achieve this, however it is invasive. With the recent introduction of the EPR mobile universal surface explorer (MOUSE), EPR is no longer invasive. The EPR MOUSE and a least squares regression algorithm were used to noninvasively identify pairwise mixtures of seven different paramagnetic pigments in paint on canvas. This capability will help art conservators, historians, and restorers to study paintings with EPR spectroscopy.


Editor's Note: Boas' article appearing under the title "Uber die Fruhdiagnose und Vordiagnose der Magen- und Darmcarcinome," in Medizinische Klinik (26: 799, 1930) is so suggestive from an educational point of view that it has seemed worth while to reproduce it here in full. The translation is by Dr. Otto F. Krehbiel.


Objective To establish the experimental animal model of rapid tooth movement through periodontal ligament distraction(PDLD) with Beagles,to observe the difference of content change of RANKL and OPG in the periodontium on the pressure side between rapid tooth movement through PDLD.Methods Eight beagles were divided into 4 groups randomly with 2 Beagles in each group.One side of the mandibular was chosen for PDLD and the other side for routine orthodontic tooth movement randomly.The distance of tooth movement was measured.The changes of periodontium on pressure side of moved tooth were observed with HE staining.The number of osteoclasts in periodontium on pressure side of moved teeth was counted with TRAP staining.The content change of RANKL and OPG in periodontium on pressure side were observed with immunohistochemical staining.Results The TRAP+ osteoclasts increased significantly in the periodontium on pressure side and reached the peak on PDLD side in group B.Along with the activation,expression of RANKL and OPG protein increased gradually in the periodontium on pressure side of PDLD.The RANKL /OPG ratio reached the peak on PDLD side in group B.Conclusion The content changes of RANKL and OPG and RANKL/OPG ratio in the periodontium on pressure side of PDLD are much obvious than those of routine orthodontic tooth movement,leading to the rapid remodeling of the periodontium on pressure side of PDLD tooth movement.


Using individual-level data from the European Social Survey, a multilevel analysis involving 21 countries was conducted to identify contextual preference formation. We show that individual predictors such as education work differently in different institutional contexts. Contrary to previous finding in the literature we find that the higher the percentage of tertiary education, the smaller the education gap in public support for the EU.


The main elements contained in solid waste palm-called empty fruit bunches palm oil are 45-50% cellulose, 25-35% hemicellulose and lignin. Empty fruit bunches palm oil are used as compost feedstock in this study have a 56.49% of C-organic content, 0.34% of N-total, and 165.15 of C / N ratio.Solid waste oil palm is increasing in line with the needs of palm oil for household needs. While palm trees need a good fertilization in order to increase oil palm productivity. Traditionally, processing of empty fruit bunches palm oil to be composted, left on open land that will take a long time and vast land in accordance with its production capacity. By using solid-liquid fermentation is expected to occur with a rapid decomposition process with enzymatic hydrolysis and followed by higher temperature at 100 oC or 121oC. The result shows that, within 4 days of decomposition, a pH value between 6-8, the water content 70-80%, C content was decreased from 56% to 53-49%, increasing N-Total value start from 0, 34% to 0.9%, and decreased the C/N ratio from 165 to 58. keywords : empty fruit bunches palm oil, fermentation, compost, solid-liquid JRL Vol.7 No.3 Hal. 259 265 Jakarta, November 2011 ISSN : 2085.3866 No.376/AU1/P2MBI/07/2011 Proses Fermentasi Padat... JRL. Vol. 7 No. 3, November 2011 : 259 265


The current crisis in the Mediterranean is a part of an unprecedented global migratory movement. The three areas of the Mediterranean: the Maghreb-Europe, the Balkans, and the Middle East, each present particular characteristics of population displacement. But whether they are refugees – whose numbers are constantly increasing – or economic migrants, Europe's mechanisms for dealing with them remain essentially national and are failing to adapt to the demands of this new situation.


U.S. Patent No. 2,564,646 to Leistner, Hecker and Knoepke Suggests the stabilization of polyvinyl chloride resins using a heavy metal salt of a higher fatty acid and with this stabilizer there is also incorporated an organic phosphite which serves as an anti-clouding agent retarding precipitation of metal halide from the stabilizer resin composition as a cloud or haze in the stock. The phosphites disclosed include primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl and aryl phosphites. Supplementing this disclosure it has also been disclosed by Leistner and Hecker in U.S. Patent No. 2,716,092 that an improved Stabilizer is obtained using in combination with such phos phites polyvalent metal salts of hydrocarbon-substituted phenols. These compositions are now widely used for the stabilization of polyvinyl chloride resins against dis coloration during processing and against blooming due to separation of ingredients from the resin. It is now recognized that some triphosphites are better than others in affording protection against discoloration. Leistner, Hecker and Knoepke in Serial No. 584,891, filed May 15, 1956, of which this application is a con tinuation-in-part, have shown that the mixed alky1 aryl triphosphites are considerably better than the triary phos phites both alone and in their combinations with heavy metal fatty acid salts and metal phenolates. These find ings have been confirmed by Hansen and Zaremsky in their later disclosure in Patent No. 2,867,594. It is also recognized that a further improvement is obtained by in corporating in such combinations epoxidized higher fatty acid esters. Nonetheless, despite these developments, in many cases polyvinyl chloride resins in the course of compounding at elevated temperatures and before the compounded composition has been heated for any length of time de velop a faint yellow color. This initial discoloration has not been considered disadvantageous heretofore for many uses, and the above-mentioned workers have consequently devoted their efforts to minimizing intensification of this discoloration during long heating, as in milling. How ever, because of this initial discoloration, it has not been possible in all cases to obtain a substantially clear and colorless polyvinyl chloride composition. Hansen et al., for example, in their patent mentioned above, regarded it as a considerable improvement when, as shown in Example 3, the resin turns only very light yellow after fifteen minutes of heating. Obviously, a considerable improvement would be had if it would be possible to obtain a resin which is still clear and has no noticeable yellowish or other discoloration after fifteen minutes of heating at temperatures of the order of 350 F. Even if such compositions proved less stable in long term heating, a composition not as stable as the prior compo sitons to extended heating at high temperatures would nonetheless have certain definite advantages if it were less. discolored during short term heating at such tem peratures, 5


In this paper, the three dimensional single-channel numerical simulation has been undertaken to analyze unsteady flow characteristic and fluctuation mechanism at near stall condition in a transonic compressor rotor. It has been found that at near stall condition, strong unsteady fluctuations appeared at the region which is closed to the pressure surface (PS) at leading edge and the downstream of shock wave in rotor tip. Then, detailed analysis of the tip flow field showed that the interaction between tip leakage vortex (TLV) and shock waves causes the spiral type breakdown of TLV,and caused reverse flow periodic shedding in the recirculation region, both effects gived rise to the large fluctuation of the rotor tip field. Periodic shedding of the reverse flow affected the pressure distribution of blade pressure side so that the blade tip was unloaded and the tip leakage vortex breakdown was thus suppressed, thereby forming a self-sustaining unsteadiness. The TLV breakdown was the decisive factor leading to the flow unsteadiness.


In this paper a general n-port network's equivalent current theorem has been derived out, for n = 1, 2…. the traditional Norton's Theorem is only a special case of it for n=1. When an n-port passive linear time-invariant network is connected to another n-port linear time-invariant network which contained sinusoidal sources with same frequency, this theorem provides a new way to calculate the port-current of the n-port passive network. But the short-port currents of the n-port network contained sinusoidal sources must be known at first. In sinusoidal networks, currents are vector quantity or complex quantity, including magnitude and phase angle. Ammeter can only be used to measure the magnitude of the current, not including its phase angle. So it is impossible to get the short-port currents by the short-port experiment. Moreover the short-port experiment may cause some dangerous events. So a special method to get the short-port currents is introduced in this paper, First to find out the open-port voltage vector ( including magnitude and phase angle), by measuring the voltages magnitude between some two points of the open-port with a voltmeter and by drawing a series of voltage vector triangles that one side vector is the sum of other two side vectors , if the phase angle of one side vector in a triangle is known, the phase angles of the other side vectors in the same triangle can be decided. In the first triangle, the first open-port voltage vector is contained, its phase angle can be assigned to be zero, then the phase angles of the other two voltage vectors in the first triangle can be decided. In the second triangle, one of the two above voltage vectors is contained, then the phase angles of the other two voltage vectors in the second triangle can be decided. Thus go on step by step, all the open-port voltage vectors can be obtained. And the open-port voltage complex matrix has been obtained. The equation related the short-port current complex matrix and the open-port voltage complex matrix has been derived out in this paper. So the short-port current complex matrix can be obtained.


The paper contains new results related to extension of the field theoretical approach and its formalism to non-linear coupled micropolar thermoelastic media. A mathematical model of micropolar (MP) type-II (GNII) thermoelastic (TE) continuum is considered. A formulation of the least thermoelastic action principle is discussed. Partial differential equations subsequent to the least action principle are derived. The translational symmetries of non-linear Lagrangians are adopted. Those include an additional symmetry: translations of the thermal displacement. The rotational invariance of the action and corresponding Lagrangian is then studied. For micropolar type-II thermoelastic Lagrangians following the usual procedure independent rotationally invariant functional arguments are obtained. Objective forms of the Lagrangians satisfying the frame indifference principle are given.


Plants respond and adapt to their environment for survival and reproduction. Plant growth, development and
 fitness are important factors affecting crop production and food security. Plants have evolved inducible defenses
 in response to biotic and abiotic stresses regulated by temperature, light and circadian rhythm. Activation of
 plant immune signals against particular pathogen infection is a securely controlled mechanism wherein defense
 responses are specifically turned on upon recognition of pathogen. As a result, adverse effects on plant growth and
 development can be controlled and minimized. It remains elusive how interactions between plants and pathogens
 operate the immune signaling responses in relation to environmental fluctuations. This paper summarizes recent
 studies demonstrating the interactions between plant innate immunity, temperature, light and circadian rhythm. In
 addition, our review identifies further research questions and implications for experimental design and analysis to
 elucidate the complex relationship necessary to explain the interaction between plant immunity temperature, light
 and circadian rhythm.


Abstract Despite United Russia's (Edinaya Rossiya—UR) dominance in repeated Russian legislative elections, the correlates of the party's electoral support remain noticeably understudied beyond the influence of electoral manipulation. I pinpoint the specific contours of UR's strongholds in the two most recent parliamentary elections in Russia—2007 and 2011—focusing on raion- and regional-level correlates of the vote using an original dataset. UR has been undergirded by geographically concentrated ethnic minorities and the countryside, and these patterns of support have persisted even in the absence of fraud, suggesting that the dominant party's electoral windfalls cannot be attributed solely to electoral malfeasance.


" ~ My long-crushed spirit rose, cowardice departed, bold defiance took its place; and I now resolved that, however long I might remain a slave in form, the day had passed forever when I could be a slave in fact. I did not hesitate to let it be known of me, that the white man who expected to succeed in whipping, must also succeed in killing me. (page 69) NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS, AN AMERICAN SLAVE


Cysts, second stage larvae and adult males and females of H. rostochiensis were exposed to 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 kilorads of gamma radiation. Hatching from cysts exposed to potato root-diffusate for 3 days before irradiation was decreased, and some eggs were killed after only 2 kilorads, but hatching from air-dried cysts was stimulated by the smaller doses in one experiment. Irradiation of second stage larvae had no effect on their activity, but irradiation of either cysts or larvae impaired development of the F1 generation: fewer cysts with fewer eggs than those in unirradiated controls were formed, and many of the eggs lacked normal larvae. Adults were more resistant than hatched larvae or larvae within cysts to irradiation. Small doses affected the fertility of adult females more than that of males, probably because the primary oocytes continue dividing after mating, whereas all the sperm is formed by the time the males leave the roots. Larvae from irradiated cysts competed poorly with those from unirradiated cysts when potato plants were inoculated with mixtures of the two.


The effects of meson exchange currents are taken into account for the first time consistently in radiative muon capture (RMC) by complex nuclei. Photon spectra and ratios of the photon spectra and the RMC rate to the rate of ordinary muon capture (OMC) by the nucleus /sup 40/Ca are calculated. It is shown that the most reliable information on the renormalization of the induced pseudoscalar form factor in nuclei can be obtained in the study of partial transitions in RMC.


A survey of existing storm overflows in this country showed that over one-third of them were defective, mainly because the overflow settings were too low. Criteria for design of these structures are defined and the performance of different types of overflow are discussed in the light of these criteria. The traditional low side-weir type is shown to be inefficient, both in hydraulic control and in the capacity to retain polluting matter. More recent types are better in both these respects. These include the stilling-pond overflow, for which an example of design calculations is given, the storage overflow chamber and the vortex overflow. The storage overflow chamber is designed to retain the "first foul flush" during a storm, and design principles are given in outline. In the vortex overflow, separation of polluting matter takes place through the centrifugal forces induced by circular flow. The use of siphon spillways, especially the air-regulated type, as an alternative to weirs for the control of stormwater flows is also discussed. (TRRL)


An ocean wave power generation platform lifting device comprises a base, lifting hydraulic cylinders, a steel ring, shifting holes, a lifting table, fixing frames, rolling shafts, mounting plates, inserting holes and through holes. The ocean wave power generation platform lifting device is characterized in that the steel ring is mounted on the base, the fixing frames are mounted on two sides of the steel ring, the shifting holes are arranged on another two sides of the steel ring, two rolling shafts and three mounting plates are mounted in each fixing frame, the lifting table is mounted on the steel ring, the through inserting holes are arranged on two sides of the lifting table, and four corners of the lifting table and the base are mounted together through the lifting hydraulic cylinders. Compared with the prior art, the ocean wave power generation platform lifting device is a double-insert lifting mechanism, a platform can be rapidly lifted by reciprocating action of the lifting hydraulic cylinders, and the lifting device is safe and reliable and has a wide market prospect.


Geriatric patients are commonly exposed to multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and potentially inappropriate medication use, with prevalence increasing over time. We seek to illustrate this risk to older adults through a case report of an older woman presenting with irritability to psychiatric emergency services in the context of potentially inappropriate medication use. On evaluation, the irritability was found to be associated with hip pain due to osteoarthritis and gastric irritation due to the use of analgesics, antacids, and other micronutrient supplements. She was diagnosed with analgesic-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone production with dilutional hyponatremia and hypochloremia, iatrogenic upper gastrointestinal mucosal ulceration with melena and anemia due to blood loss, analgesic-induced coagulation disorder, acute kidney injury, impending hepatic injury, and hyponatremia-induced second-degree atrioventricular block. She recovered with treatment rationalization, pain management, and supportive care. We wish to highlight that an innocuous presentation such as increased irritability in the absence of a mental illness in an older adult may often overlie multimorbidity and potentially inappropriate medication use. We would also like to use this case report to illustrate the barriers to comprehension and compliance that may occur in geriatric patients, with the need for frequent pharmacological assessments including prescription checks and pill counts.


The nature and role of electronic defects in amorphous diamond-like carbons (DLC) is described. The defect has recently been shown by electron spin resonance to be an unpaired spin on a small sp 2 -bonded cluster. The defect density is large in DLC so defect states form continuous distribution of states with tail states. Defects and tail states can act as non-radiative recombination centres to quench photoluminescence, depending on the position of the demarcation levels.


While standardization deepens social division of labor and facilitates international trade,technical barriers such as technical regulation,technical standard and accreditation are legalized by TBT,and technical standards have become to be the main doorsill for market access.Technical standard is a two-side-sword in international trade.Technical standard is closely connected with intellectual property.The main point of intellectual property in technical standard lies in the fact that intellectual property which is a kind of private right is absorbed into technical standard as the latter belongs to public goods.So that the developing countries are either be excluded out of the technical barriers or have to pay for huge amount of patent license fees.Under the intellectual property institution and the framework of WTO,technical standard is a great trade obstacle for the developing countries.


—Relational database systems have succeeded commercially because of their openness and sturdy theoretical groundwork. The contribution of this title " Relational Algebra Interpreter in context of query languages " is presentation of new implementation in such a way so that queries written in relational algebra can be compiled into SQL and executed on a relational database system. It takes a relational algebra statement as key, does syntactic and lexical parsing on it. In the event of an error in the syntax of the expression it will forward the error to user. If the syntax is correct the relational algebra expression is converted into a SQL statement and executed on an RDBMS. This work can serve up as a basis learning Relational Algebra for different class of users, as they will be given immediate feedbacks about their queries.


Hurricane Andrew, which struck the Miami Metropolitan Area (Dade County) in August 1992, is regarded as the most costly natural disaster the nation has ever  experienced. Damage has been estimated at 32 billion dollars, most of it to the county's southern half. The scale of the long-term loss of shelter to its inhabitants has sometimes been compared to that which followed the San Francisco earthquake in 1906, and certainly is the greatest loss to a United States city since that disaster.


ABSTRACT Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to explore the extraction mechanism of Cs+ and Na+ ions in the octanol–water biphasic system containing the ionophore: dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6). The rate of phase separation for the Na+NO3− system was rapid as compared to Cs+NO3− and mixed metal ion systems. Further, the binding energy during complexation of Na+ cation is −55.86 kcal/mol which was found to be more than that of Cs+ ion (−31.23 kcal/mol). A large sharp peak height for radial distribution function in both Cs–CE and Na–CE complexes suggests a high stability and a strong interaction. The self-diffusion coefficient of the Cs+–CE complex (0.054 10−9 m2/s) at the octanol–water interface was found to be smaller than that of other species.


Receiving proper healthcare is a primary need in society. Qualified healthcare can't be apart from the optimal work performance of all parties in the healthcare industry, to this matter is from its employees. A good work performance can emerge if the employees applied the main values that organization used as its philosophies and guidance in order to run its activities, called organizational culture. The optimal work performance also can be yielded from the employees who like their job and comfortable with it, where they can obtain their job satisfaction according as they expected. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of organizational culture and job satisfaction to the employee performance in Panti Wilasa "Citarum" Semarang Hospital. Sample applied in this research is 100 employees. The data co l lected by using questionnaires which the sampling technique is s imple r andom s ampling. Analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis, using SPSS program. The r esult shows that organizational culture positively influence on employee performance , and job satisfaction positively influence on employee performance. E mpirical finding indicated that to increase employee performance, the management should pay more attention to organizational culture factors and job satisfaction factors, because those factors proved influence on employee performance.


This paper analyses and compares two rural schools located in the Andes Region of Southern Chile, in an area with an important population of indigenous people (Mapuches), based on measurements of environmental performance. The first school was designed under principles of the "Mapuche Architectural Design Guideline" that includes ancestral traditions in architectural design; while the second school was designed under principles of energy efficiency, becoming the first initiative of its kind in the region. The methodology consisted of the monitoring of environmental performance of two classrooms in each school during one week in winter and one week in summer, as well as questionnaires. The environmental parameters included air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 emissions, illuminance levels, background noise and reverberation time, while the questionnaires aimed to determine user perception on thermal, visual, and acoustic comfort, as well as air quality. The comparison between measured data and user responses showed interesting contrasts that relate mostly to socio-cultural aspects, such as poverty and resilience. The conclusions stress out that, although it is important to include cultural principles in architectural design, it is also necessary to improve environmental performance of rural schools located in areas of extreme poverty, based on an improvement of construction quality and passive design strategies.


Invert robbery crime is diffcult point in legal practice.Because involving behind invert crime action and after invert crime action,so holding this kind crime is more difficult.The premise of this crime application is crime involving theft,bild and snatch,not other crime.We should hold three principles in confirming the meanings of on the spot.The paper probes the difficult points in judicial practice.The views bave some meaning for use.


Background: Epidural is the most effective form of pain relief in labor with around 30% of laboring women in the UK and 60% in the USA receiving epidural analgesia. Objectives: To assess effect of regional analgesia on labor pain, duration, outcome of delivery and neonates. Materials and Methods: Case control study included 400 pregnant woman 200 of them delivered by painless labour and other 200 whose delivered without analgesia who attended to the babylon maternity and pediatric hospital,Al sadiq hospital and private hospitals in al hilla city which included private Teiba, Al Fayhaa hospitals from first of february 2022 to June 2022. Results: The duration of first stage of labor was significantly prolonged at control mothers 26%(52) in compare to 10%(20) of mothers with epidural anesthesia had prolonged labor. While second stage shown no significant association with epidural anesthesia (P = 0.47). Fetal heart rate abnormalities shown no significant association with epidural analgesia (P = 0.96). While back pain and headache was significantly higher in mothers with epidural analgesia (P < 0.001). Conclusions: EA was not associated with a higher instrumental delivery rate and higher rate of c/s, EA not cause significant maternal or neonatal complications in primi- and multiparas. Importantly, EA associated with short first stage of labor and not higher rate effect on duration of second stage of labour.


Abstract. Most porphyroblasts never rotate during ductile deformation, provided they do not intern- ally deform during subsequent events, with the exception of relatively uncommon but spectacular examples of spiralling garnets. Instead, the sur- rounding foliation rotates and reactivates due to partitioning of the deformation around the porphyroblast. Consequently, porphyroblasts commonly preserve the orientation of early foliations and stretching lineations within strain shadows or inclusion trails, even where these structures have been rotated or obliterated'in the matrix due to subsequent deformation. These relationships can be readily used to help develop an understanding of the processes of foliation development and they demonstrate the prominent role of reactivation of old foliations during subse- quent deformation. They can also be used to determine the deformation history, as porphyro- blasts only rotate when the deformation cannot partition and involves progressive shearing with no combined bulk shortening component.


Koji, rice fermented with Aspergillus, is used for saccharification of starch contained in crops during the manufacturing of many of Japanese traditional foods and drinks. Japanese people have long eaten koji, and many beneficial substances have been reported to be contained in koji. However, there has been no report on the existence or content of galactosylceramide in koji. To address this issue, we analyzed the chemical composition of the sugar moiety of monohexosylceramide contained in koji, and elucidate that 30.3% of yellow koji is galactosylceramide, 69.7% of that is glucosylceramide, 19.2% of white koji is galactosylceramide, and 80.8% of that is glucosylceramide. This is the first report of the existence and content of galactosylceramide in koji.


Don DeLillo reimagines and revisions the Kennedy assassination in Libra .  Nicholas Branch, a retired senior analyst for the CIA, has been hired on contract to write a definitive account of the events at Dealey Plaza on November 22 nd , 1963.  In the process, Branch subsumes the role of the museum curator; he meticulously combs through the received records in order to challenge accepted versions of "history".  As the novel's character-as-curator, Branch examines, positions, interprets, and displays the artifacts at hand to outline the numerous plots swirling around the assassination.  This paper will demonstrate how DeLillo, through Branch, reimagines the space of the novel, transforming it into a museum display that challenges the Warren Commission's "Single-Bullet Theory" and its "Lone-Gunman Theory", to instead suggest the possible presence of multiple shooters.  As the novel's character-as-curator, Branch meticulously places the objects on display and leaves it to the reader to decide which view to adopt or accept.


The genetic causes of iron deficiency, real or functional, occur due to defects in many proteins involved in the absorption and metabolism of iron. In this chapter we briefly describe the genetic causes of iron deficiency in the synthesis of hemoglobin, resulting in hypochromic or microcytic anemia. These alterations are rare with few descriptions in the literature. In some cases, functional iron is not available for erythroblasts to synthesis hemoglobin, or erythroblasts may be incapable of capturing iron from the circulation although iron is accumulated in tissues and mitochondrias. Many discoveries have been made over the last few years, mainly resulting from the description of human or animal models, which have elucidated the implications of the components in iron metabolism in hereditary iron deficiency involving all processes from intestinal absorption to the final inclusion into heme.


In this paper we theoretically realize the all optical pressure sensor using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). In this model, one arm of MZI is plated with silver and surrounded with specially design polymer filled metal cylinder with opening at one side where pressure applied. The MZI structure can be effectively used to sense surface plasmon resonance and used as an efficient pressure sensor. The paper includes the suitable expressions for the optimizing the power entering each branch of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the SPR phase and amplitude changes. The results are very effectively supported by the use of COMSOL and MATLAB.


In Burt's work Structural Hole,he suggests that the structural holes in the network can give the player more accesses to the un-redundant resource,and provide him with advantageous strategic position to control the flow of the resource.Hence,it can bring more benefits for the player in the competitive arena.As a branch of the social network theory,the structural hole theory has its own characteristics.Based on the weak ties theory,social independence theory,and social network openness and closeness theory,this paper reviews on the structural hole theory.


Different materials types, naturals and synthetics have appeared for the abdominal surgical repairing. This work had as main objective to get biomembranes from diafragmatic tendineous centers submitted to alkaline solutions for different periods of time for posterior physicist-chemistry characterization and surgical use in equines. It was intended to analyze the macro and microscopical alterations caused for the treatment in function of the time variable, to be able to determinate the most viable for implant use. In second instance samples gotten for 72 hours of alkaline treatment and lifilized, samples submitted in glycerin 98% and samples only liofilizeds for control had been implanted. The explantation of the samples in 1, 9 and 18 weeks had allowed to evaluate the difference of integration of the biomaterial/tissue interface. The samples of the alkaline way demonstrate to minor difficulty of dissection compared to the samples kept in glycerin and to the control group. KEY WORDS: Abdominal wall, biomaterials, collagen, equines, repairing.


Reinforcement learning has been increasingly applied in monitoring applications because of its ability to learn from previous experiences and can make adaptive decisions. However, existing machine learning-based health monitoring applications are mostly supervised learning algorithms, trained on labels and they cannot make adaptive decisions in an uncertain complex environment. This study proposes a novel and generic system, predictive deep reinforcement learning (PDRL) with multiple RL agents in a time series forecasting environment. The proposed generic framework accommodates virtual Deep Q Network (DQN) agents to monitor predicted future states of a complex environment with a well-defined reward policy so that the agent learns existing knowledge while maximizing their rewards. In the evaluation process of the proposed framework, three DRL agents were deployed to monitor a subject's future heart rate, respiration, and temperature predicted using a BiLSTM model. With each iteration, the three agents were able to learn the associated patterns and their cumulative rewards gradually increased. It outperformed the baseline models for all three monitoring agents. The proposed PDRL framework is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance in the time series forecasting process. The proposed DRL agents and deep learning model in the PDRL framework are customized to implement the transfer learning in other forecasting applications like traffic and weather and monitor their states. The PDRL framework is able to learn the future states of the traffic and weather forecasting and the cumulative rewards are gradually increasing over each episode.


Here we report a detailed study providing complete H‐T phase diagrams for both NdRu2Si2 and TbRu2Si2 intermetallic compounds, based on high resolution SQUID magnetization measurements, in the temperature range 2–300 K and in applied magnetic fields up to 5 T, using c‐axis magnetically oriented powders. For NdRu2Si2, our results are in good agreement with recent neutron diffraction work under applied magnetic fields, confirming the appearance of an intermediate (temperature and field) ferrimagnetic phase responsible for the two‐step metamagnetic process observed in the temperature range 16–22.5 K. Our isofield magnetization curves provide unambiguous evidence on the decomposition of this ferrimagnetic phase into ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic components. Furthermore, at low temperatures and low fields, we observe, in this compound, the presence of thermal irreversibility effects. For TbRu2Si2, we present an experimental account, on its H‐T phase diagram, which shows striking differences with respect t...


pathologic examination of the splenic lesion, since neither clinical and imaging findings, nor cytologic findings are pathognomonic. Clinically and radiologically, IPT may mimic a malignant process such as malignant splenic lymphoma. The origin of hematopoietic inflammatory myofibroblastic proliferation is unknown. Recently, a study by Arber et al.8 suggested that EBV plays a role in at least a subset of IPT, since EBV RNA was detected in 41.2% of cases. The prognosis of IPT is excellent, since there is no recurrence or subsequent development of malignant lymphoma. IPT of the spleen should be included in the differential diagnosis of prolonged fever with clinical, radiologic and cytologic findings suggesting splenic abscess or malignancy.


Background/Aims: Patients receiving radiation for breast cancer potentially develop severe radiation dermatitis, most frequently manifested as moist desquamation. Internationally, there is inconsistency about what products patients are advised to use to prevent this. Additionally, there is no literature about skin care products and the development of moist desquamation in tropical climates. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two creams at minimising the incidence of moist desquamation in a tropical setting.

Methods: A nurse-led randomised controlled trial recruited participants from the Townsville Radiation Therapy Unit between June 2010 and July 2012 (N=255). Participants were stratified according to breast or chest wall radiation treatment areas and randomly allocated to use a moisturising or barrier cream. Nursing staff scored radiation dermatitis weekly by using a standardised grading system, and patients were phoned one month after completing treatment for a final skin assessment.

Results: At treatment completion, 15% of participants had moist desquamation. An additional 22% self-reported this at one-month follow up. Risk factors for moist desquamation included increased breast size and body mass index. The barrier cream significantly reduced the incidence of moist desquamation in patients receiving radiation to the chest wall but not in patients receiving radiation to the breast treatment area.

Conclusion: The incidence of moist desquamation following radiation treatment has important implications for radiation oncology nurses' clinical practice. These findings highlight the need for structured discharge planning and education incorporating identified risk factors. Patients undergoing radiation treatment to the chest wall may benefit from using a barrier cream.


This paper addresses the ecosystem characteristics, biodiversity, conservation priorities, current threats and sustainable management of Khar Yamaat Nature Reserve, which lies in northeastern Mongolia. The formation of Khar Yamaat's ecosystem and its biological diversity are unique in eastern Mongolia. Biogeographically, this nature reserve is located at the intersection between different phytogeographical regions, specifically the Central-Khalkh dry steppe, Mongol-Dahurian forest-steppe, and Eastern-Mongolian tall-grass steppe. As such, this nature reserve is home to a diverse complement of plants and animals representing the various ecoregions, was established in 1998 to protect 50,691 hectares of rocky-mountains surrounded by vast steppes. Khar Yamaat's unique geological formation and assemblage of ecosystems have, since then, become an area of focus for environmental restoration and a center for research and monitoring. In general, the habitats of the nature reserve were found to be largely intact, if stressed to varying degrees, but wildlife populations appeared to be low. Anthropogenic influences, particularly heavy grazing by livestock, have threatened some species of vascular plants with extinction and reduced the abundance and distributions of a few other species. Serious threats included excessive or illegal take of plants and animals, overgrazing by livestock, human caused wildfires, climate change and associated drought, and mining in the buffer zone. In this paper, we discuss issues of conservation and sustainable management of Khar Yamaat Nature Reserve.


Certain national study groups have recently recommended raising substantially the tuitions in public universities and colleges. The authors analyze the probable impact of such recommenda tions, viewing public tuition as a form of taxation, and conclude that the middle-income student and his/her family would bear a disproportionately large share of the burden resulting from a substantial increase in public tuitions.


How do strategists use their occupational background in their strategizing work? Traditional answers to this question have emphasized the determinative effects of background based on functional and...


In this paper, the suction between grains of soils is comprehensively classified, and the properties of different suction is systematically expounded. Based on total suction and Mohr-Coulomb′s criteria of shear strength,the principle of generalized effective stress and formula of generalized shear strength are proposed.Each component of the generalized shear strength is analyzed. By generalized shear strength theory, the Bishop′s and Fredlund′s formula of shear strength are unified formally, and the physical meanings of the state variables in the formula of generalized shear strength are clear and definite.The primary factors affecting the generalized effective stress and the generalized shear strength are discussed. The experiments on nonlinear direct ratio and curred relation between shear strength and matric suction of clayey and sandy soil respectively, which were done by Donald, Gan, Escario, Fredlund, etc.,are cited to prove or to be explained by the generalized shear strength theory. This new theory based on total suction can objectively depict the shear strength of unsaturated clayey or sandy soil.


PURPOSE
To compare the precision of adaptation of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated using different techniques.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A master model was prepared to receive a three-unit FDP. This model was duplicated 60 times from a silicone mold. The dies (N = 60) were scanned and divided into three groups (n = 20 each) to receive the FDPs made of pre-sintered Co-Cr (CS), laser-sintered Co-Cr (LS), or cast Co-Cr (Gi). Frameworks were layered with ceramic, and each framework was seated on its specific model. The replica technique was used to measure the marginal and internal discrepancies in the mesiodistal and buccolingual planes. Prepared silicone samples were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Obtained data were analyzed using Levene test, t test, and analysis of variance (α = .05).

RESULTS
When overall mean discrepancy values were compared, in mesiodistal planes, LS showed better adaptation than Gi (P = .025). Similar adaptation was found for CS and Gi, and for CS and LS (P = .169 and P = 1.000, respectively). In buccolingual planes, the difference in fit was not significant among the three tested groups (P > .05). In a pairwise comparison between materials, a net increase in values between points 1 and 5 was noted (P = .57). Difference in discrepancy values within points was significant. This was confirmed at abutment level on some measurement points. Within each material, at abutment level, differences were significant at several measurement locations in both the mesiodistal and buccolingual planes.

CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this study, three-unit Co-Cr FDPs showed similar marginal and internal discrepancy values. Presintered and laser-sintered Co-Cr alloys can be considered for three-unit FDP fabrication.


Carbon 1s photoelectron spectra of CO molecules in gas phase were recorded in the tender x-ray energy range, from 2.3 to 6.9 keV. The intensity ratios of individual peaks from nu = 0 to 3 within th ...


Self-corrosion and galvanic corrosion of depleted uranium and 45 steel were studied by electrochemical analyzing technologies. Corrosion products were analyzed by Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that, in the 3.5wt.%NaCl solution, DU acted as anode with an accelerated corrosion rate, and 45 steel acted as cathode during the process of galvanic corrosion for DU/45 couple. The galvanic potential and current density of the DU/45 couple were around-770mV and 12.5μA/cm-2, respectively.


Objective:To explore the surgical technique and experience of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy.Methods:16 cases with upper or midst ureter calculi were treated by laparoscopic ureterolithotomy,and 4 cases bilateral ureter calculi by retroperitoneal ureterolithotomy,ESWL,URSL was ineffective for all.The diameters of calculi ranged(0.9) to(2.6) cm.Detail of the procedure were presented.Results:All the stones were taken out,the operation time was between 30 and 95 min with a mean of 52 min.The intra-operative mean bleeding volume was 24 ml(range,10 to 50 ml);The complication was not observed duing the follow-up of 6 months.Conclusions:Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for the treatment of ureteral calculi is miniinvisive,safe and effective.Bilateral ureter calculi treated by retroperitoneal ureterolithotomy is simple and easy.


The invention relates to a power-assisting compression cylinder of an internal combustion engine and belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines. The power-assisting compression cylinder of the internal combustion engine comprises a first cylinder, a second cylinder, a temperature control device, a valve device and a crankshaft, wherein the temperature control device is connected with the first cylinder and the second cylinder. A first piston is arranged in the first cylinder and a second piston is arranged in the second cylinder. The valve device comprises an air inlet valve, an exhaust valve and valve control devices of the air inlet valve and the exhaust valve, wherein the air inlet valve is arranged on the first cylinder, and the exhaust valve is arranged on the second cylinder. The crankshaft is provided with connection rod mechanisms. The first piston and the second piston are connected to the crankshaft through the first connection rod mechanism and the second connection rod mechanism. The first cylinder is used for an air suction stroke and a compression stroke. The second cylinder is used for a combustion stroke and an exhaust stroke. By means of the power-assisting compression cylinder of the internal combustion engine, the compression process and the combustion process of air are completed through different cylinders, the second cylinder assists power of the first cylinder, the energy utilization rate of the internal combustion engine is increased, and the structure is simple.


Abstract : This study focuses on the current yet precarious void of extremist ideology in Bangladesh, the third largest Muslim-majority country. With a populace seemingly ripe for recruitment into extremist networks such as al-Qaeda, this study examines a few key factors that contribute to the relative stability and lack of militant Islamist or extremist ideology in Bangladesh today: democracy and governance, Bangladeshi cultural identity, and geography. At the strategic level, Bangladeshi cultural identity is the single greatest factor in combating violent extremism and quelling the tide of would-be Islamist movements in Bangladesh. Operationally, the government, through effective and democratic governance, has been successful in identifying, capturing, and killing key leaders of terrorist organizations, thus effectively marginalizing militant organizations and their ability to organize and conduct terrorist acts. In that regard, Bangladesh as a Muslim country is at odds with trends among other Muslim countries in Southeast Asia where the extremist agenda has become more apparent or prominent. Although there is a definite and growing threat of militancy and Islamist political activism in Bangladesh over the last decade, thus far it has not gained a strong foothold due in large part to democratic governance, empowered by a culturally aware and tolerant populace. Added to this, the geography of Bangladesh adds an element of security and protection from outside militant influences as well.


by Masquelet is very effective two staged procedure to treat long bone defects seen in infected non-union, gap non-union seen in fractures with bone loss. No expertise is required


HAZ-notched CTOD tests have been conducted for multipass welds of high strength steels with SMYS 420 to 460 MPa for offshore structural use. The weld metal strength overmatch brings about different fracture behaviors depending upon the actual CGHAZ toughness. In the case that the CGHAZ is completely embrittled, the weld metal overmatch leads to lower bound critical CTOD value. This is due to the elevation of the local stress in the CGHAZ caused by the constraint effect by the overmatch weld metal. The fracture surface is generally flat and brittle fracture originates from the CGHAZ sampled by the fatigue crack front. Larger fraction of the CGHAZ along the crack front gives smaller critical CTOD value. On the other hand, in the case that the CGHAZ has moderate toughness, the weld metal overmatch can produce a higher critical CTOD value at brittle fracture initiation. This is attributed to the crack path deviation toward the base metal. The plastic strain accumulates preferably to a larger extent in the softer base metal side, before the critical stress condition for brittle fracture is attained at the CGHAZ. This asymmetrical plastic deformation promotes the deviation of ductile crack growth from the crack tip CGHAZ. In such a case, the critical CTOD value does not always reflect the CGHAZ toughness itself.Notch tip location much closer to weld metal sometimes causes fracture initiation at the weld metal even if the fatigue crack tip samples the CGHAZ. Such test data can not tell the real CGHAZ toughness.The meaning of critical CTOD value obtained in the test must be identified in the fracture toughness eveluation of the weld CGHAZ. This paper presents an evaluation procedure for CTOD test results of HAZ-notched welds taking the mis-matching effect into account.


No physical or physical-organic chemistry laboratory goes without a single instrument. To measure conductance we use conductometer, pH meter for measuring pH, colorimeter for absorbance, viscometer for viscosity, potentiometer for emf, polarimeter for angle of rotation, and several other instruments for different physical properties. But when it comes to the turn of thermodynamic or activation parameters, we don't have any meters. The only way to evaluate all the thermodynamic or activation parameters is the use of some empirical equations available in many physical chemistry text books. Most often it is very easy to interpret the enthalpy change and free energy change in thermodynamics and the corresponding activation parameters in chemical kinetics. When it comes to interpretation of change of entropy or change of entropy of activation, more often it frightens than enlightens a new teacher while teaching and the students while learning. The classical thermodynamic entropy change is well explained by Atkins in terms of a sneeze in a busy street generates less additional disorder than the same sneeze in a quiet library (Figure 1) . The two environments are analogues of high and low temperatures, respectively. In this article making use of Eyring equation a factor usually called 'universal factor' is derived and made use as a 'yard stick' to interpreting the change in entropy of activation for physical or physical-organic chemistry senior undergraduate and graduate students' class-room.


Through the utilization of a mixed solvent system, consisting of a good solvent (DMSO) with either a nonsolvent (water) or a poor solvent (ethylene glycol), the morphology and properties of a class of stimuli-responsive metallo-supramolecular gels can be systematically tailored. These gels are formed via self-assembly of a ditopic ligand, consisting of a 2,6-bis(1′-methylbenzimidazolyl)-4-oxypyridine moiety attached to either end of a penta(ethylene glycol) core, in the presence of a transition metal ion (ZnII). In each solvent system, a composition window is located in which gels, varying in turbidity from highly opaque (water- or ethylene glycol-rich) to highly transparent (DMSO-rich), are formed. Morphological observations suggest gelation occurs by a common mechanism throughout the composition range, i.e., via the flocculation of semicrystalline colloidal particles. Increase of DMSO content leads to a reduction in the particle size, accompanied by an increase in sol concentration. WAXD and SAXS analys...


One of the drawbacks of the laser welding is distortion of the welded bodies that is closely linked with the generation and redistribution of residual stresses in the vicinity of the weld. In this contribution, mapping of surface macroscopic residual stresses and grain sizes was performed for several welds created with the laser beam with various speeds. Larger distortions are exhibited by samples manufactured with higher laser beam speed, which also exhibit substantial compressive residual stresses perpendicularly to the welds axis.


A novel water/glycerol/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ternary system is developed to realize the successful growth of PbS nanocubes with a narrow size distribution and sharp facets and edges using a one-step synthesis at room temperature for the first time. The synthesis is very fast, high yield, environment-friendly, and low cost. The product possesses uniform dimensionality, high crystallinity and better dispersibility. After dispersing the nanocubes in water or ethanol, the as-formed colloidal suspensions can maintain excellent stability for more than one year under ambient conditions. Uniform silica layers were successfully coated onto the nanocubes via a modified Stöber method to enhance their performance for promising applications. Moreover, by soaking the as-prepared PbS/SiO2 core–shell nanocubes in hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, well-resolved cubic SiO2 nanoboxes were obtained. The formation mechanism and the reason for the better dispersibility and excellent stability of the as-obtained nanocubes are also discussed rationally.


In this paper, combined with the construction of grid portraits, considering the differences between grids, and by sorting out the influencing factors of grid operation and maintenance costs, such as geographical location, operating environment, load density, economic level, safety and stability, a combined weight-based method is proposed. The cost optimization adjustment model corrects the grid operation and maintenance cost, realizes the fine evaluation and dynamic improvement of the operation and inspection standard cost level, and meets the needs of power grid operation management and cost refinement development under the new situation.


STBY is an agency specialized in design research for service innovation. In their creative research projects they aim to connect organizations with the lives and experiences of their customers. This helps their clients to innovate their service offering, and make it more valuable for both customers and businesses. The STBY team consists of senior researchers and consultants bringing together extensive experience with research, strategy, design and project management. STBY is a leading contributor to multi-disciplinary agile collaboration (hence their name, which is pronounced as 'standby').


Wind profile and turbulent wind data obtained from photographic tracking of rocket released chemical clouds have been used to compute the thermal and momentum eddy diffusivities Kt and Km in the 90–110-km region. Exponential functions having a small increase with altitude provide a reasonable representation of the mean Kt and Km values. The ratio Km∶Kt, the turbulent Prandtl number, is found to be approximately constant with a value of about 3. The mean Kt at 100 km is about 180 m²/sec, in reasonable agreement with previous estimates. The exponential functions for Kt and Km are also used to obtain revised estimates of the energy balance parameters and the turbulence heating rate in this altitude range.


The generic assignments of Ctenicera sleeperi Becker, C. pilatei (Champion), and a related new species are reviewed. Deronocus, new genus, is described with C. sleeperi Becker as the type species; this species is also newly reported from Baja Califomia Norte, Mexico. Ctenicera pilatei (Champion) is assigned to the athiodes group of Conoderus Eschscholtz. Conoderusjamaicensis, new species, is described and considered the possible sister species of Conoderus pilatei. During a review of the generic and higher classifications of click beetles assigned to Prosternini' (= Ctenicerini of authors) (Denticollinae) and related taxa, the need for numerous taxonomic changes became evident (Johnson 1992). Among these changes, Ctenicera sleeperi Becker, C. pilatei (Champion), and an undescribed species related to the latter were found not to be congeneric with Elater pectinicornis Linnaeus, the type species of Ctenicera Latreille. The generic restriction of Ctenicera used here follows Binaghi (1940) and Gur'jeva (1989). Neither C. sleeperi nor C. pilatei is referable to any of the diagnosed genera assigned to Prosterini (Leseigneur 1972; Kishii 1987; Gur'jeva 1989) or of other tribes within Denticollinae. Rather, each species shares important characteristics with genera in Conoderini (Agrypninae). Stibick (1979) transferred both species to Conoderini, but he did not provide a new generic assignment for these species. Thus, this transfer resulted in the apparent classification of "Ctenicera" species to both Prosterini and Conoderini. To evaluate the status and possible relationships of Ctenicera sleeperi, C. pilatei, and the undescribed species within Conoderini, a comparative examination was conducted on a diversity of species from the tribe. Type species and others were examined that represented Conoderus Eschscholtz, Heteroderes Latreille, Aeolus Eschscholtz, Drasterius Eschscholtz, Aeoloides Schwarz, Aeoloderma Fleutiaux, Grammephorus Solier, Phedomenus Candeze, Melanthoides Candeze, Prodrasterius Fleutiaux, and Pachyderes Guerin. Salient distinguishing traits and apparently uniquely derived adult traits that are shared by this suite of genera, and partially define Conoderini, include the semiprognathus head, elytral striae subparallel throughout and not conjoined apically, meta59 I Silfverberg (1992) is apparently the first to subsequently publish the correct use of Prosternini Gistel (1856) as the senior name over Corymbitites Candeze (1863) and Ctenicerini Fleutiaux (1936). This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Mon, 18 Jul 2016 05:41:51 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 60 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 49(1), 1995 thoracic wing apex with RP1 and RP3 distinct and RP2 lost or evanescent, and the pretarsal claw with a large ventral or ventrolateral seta and at least 2 small and fine setae on dorsal and lateral portions on the basal half of the pretarsal claw. Of the described genera within Conoderini, Ctenicera sleeperi, C. pilatei, and the related undescribed species are best ascribed as near or within Conoderus. Within Conoderus, a number of rather discrete groups can be delimited and many of these groups may be distinct enough to warrant separate generic recognition. However, considerable study beyond the scope of this report is necessary to fully elucidate the composition and relationships of the groups within Conoderus, sensu lato. In the strictest sense, the species comprising Candeze's (1859) "Section I" and including C. fuscofasciatus Eschscholtz (type species of Conoderus) form a species group possessing a distinctive facies and would comprise Conoderus if the genus were narrowly delimited. This narrower delimitation is used here because as it is currently arranged, this genus is so structurally heterogeneous that a succinct diagnosis is not possible. Ctenicera sleeperi does not satisfactorily fall within any structural diagnosis for Conoderus, including that presented below. In that Ctenicera sleeperi cannot be properly assigned to any described genus, a new genus is here proposed for its arrangement. Also, Ctenicera pilatei is not considered congeneric with either Conoderusfuscofasciatus or Ctenicera sleeperi. However, as Conoderus is presently constituted, Ctenicera pilatei is best associated with the species group previously comprised of only Conoderus athoides (LeConte) and Conoderus ferruginosus (Fall), hereinafter called the C. athoides group. Therefore, Ctenicera pilatei and a closely related species described below are assigned to the Conoderus athoides group. Measurements used in the descriptions are length-body length from frontal margin to apex of elytra; width-widest portion of body on a transverse line through elytral humeri; ocular index (Campbell and Marshall 1964)-the minimum distance between the eyes measured across the frons divided by the maximum width across the eyes on the same line, the quotient then multiplied by 100. Wing venation terminology follows Kukalova-Peck and Lawrence (1993), except their use of the RP designations for metathoracic wing apical sclerotizations was not explicit for their single Elateridae example. Evidence for homology of these structure in elaterids and other beetles is equivocal; regardless, the use of RP1, RP2, and RP3, respectively for the anterior, middle, and posterior apical sclerotizations is used here. Deroconus, new genus TYPE SPECIES. Ctenicera sleeperi Becker 1973:1529. Characters of Conoderini. Form depressed, subparallel. Head with frons shallowly convex, depressed anteriorly, coarsely punctured; clypeal remnant distinct and coplanar with frons; supra-antennal ridge strong (Fig. 4), short, acute to oblique, not contiguous with frontal margin; antenna strongly serrate, segments 2 and 3 subcylindrical, subequal, segments 4-10 serrate. Pronotum with median length 1.1-1.5 x width at midlength, subparallel laterally and strongly narrowing at anterior angles; punctures simple, moderately large, evenly sized and distributed; posterior angles (Fig. 10) subparallel along lateral margin, dorsum with fine carina near lateral margin, in ventrolateral aspect apex broadly rounded ventrally, angulate dorsally. Hypomeron (Fig. 7) with medial margin slightly thickened and polished in anterior half, with anterior third shallowly excavate and with slightly reflexed lateral edge, posterior margin broadly emarginate. Scutellum subquadrate, broadly rounded posteriorly. Elytra with apices evenly and conjointly This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Mon, 18 Jul 2016 05:41:51 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 49(1), 1995 61


Cognitive radio (CR) is the most prominent technology that resolves the conflict between the users' demands and available resources. It enhances the performance of the wireless communication system by using scarce resources efficiently and intelligently. Channel-bonding is one of the techniques that can be exploited to the CR to provide an extensive boost in the throughput of the system. In most of the existing CR systems, the performance improvement has been achieved through link adaptation by adapting modulation, coding rate, transmission power, Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) profile, etc. The adaptive channel-bonding technique can be incorporated in the CR node to ensure a higher data rate in case of the transmission of the chunk of data. The limitations imposed by the channel-bonding technique can be mitigated to a certain extent by combining this technique with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology, MIMO technology and rate adaptation. We propose joint rate and channel-bonding adaptation on a per-packet basis for the MIMO-OFDM based CR system operating in multi-channel and multi-user environment. The channel condition and the soft information about the activities of the primary users are used to define the parameters. The MIMO-OFDM based CR system is designed based on 802.11n protocol and is operated in spatial division multiplexing (SDM) mode. The performance of the proposed CR system is investigated with different channel-bonding probabilities and is compared with the performance of the system without channel-bonding. The proposed CR system supports interweave, underlay, hybrid channel access schemes. The extensive improvement in the throughput of the system has been observed with a joint rate and channel-bonding adaptation scheme. Such systems can be useful in cognitive wireless sensor networks, where bulk data has to be transmitted with minimum delay. The system performance is validated by comparing the throughput of the system with the theoretical performance of the wireless system over Rayleigh channel with rate adaptation.


Poisson models are fundamental in the modelling of purchase frequencies. However, very often they are statistically incompatible with the data. This stems from the fact that the mean is assumed to be equal to the variance and, in consequence, this fails to capture heterogeneity. Thus Poisson mixture models are often considered instead. The most commonly used of these models is the Poisson-gamma mixture model, which is very often applied to problems in marketing. Hence, it would be advisable to discover its limitations. Using real marketing data sets, we point out the limitations of this approach. Furthermore, we compare it with finite Poisson mixtures.


A wide variety of software tools are available for use in the instruction of analog electronic filter design. In this paper, the selection of appropriate tools for both introductory and advanced filter design courses is examined. The main thesis of the paper is that "less may actually be more)' in the interest of our students. 1 In troduc t ion A wealth of software is available for various aspects of the electronic filter design task (refer to the concise overviews in [1]–[4] ). Examples run the gamut from simple spreadsheets for completing fundamental design calculations to complex GUI-based systems [5] which integrate the steps of specification, response form selection, circuit design, and ultimately design simulation. Selecting the appropriate tools for use in the classroom can be a daunting task due to the large number of choices available. However, choosing the biggest, most comprehensive, and best integrated software suite may not be the best choice. The focus of this paper is a proposed "well-tuned" selection of software tools for the classroom. The driving theme in the discussion is the goal to provide tools which complement a novice yet advancing level of filter synthesis maturity, That is, we contend that the student is best served by tools which do not "automate" the design process but rather "enable" it via reduction of mundane calculations. To support this thesis, an inventory of filter design "tasks" faced by the student is provided. The algorithmic nature of the design process quite naturally lends itself to software automation, however by providing too much automated guidance, the software may actually usurp most if not all intellectual responsibility for the design. In this scenario, the students' facility with filter design is an artificial one, critically depending upon access to a particular, familiar design automation tool. Examples of representative software tools for classical analog filter design, both "homebrewed" and commercial, are discussed from the pedagogical viewpoint of "enabling" versus "automating." A cohesive set of well-tuned tools is then demonstrated for a typical filter design. The author's experiences with applying these tools in the classroom setting are summarized as appropriate to indicate the varying levels of student maturity and computational requirement. 2 The Design Set t ing The focus of the filter design setting examined in this paper can be summarized as "high-order active filter synthesis for audio frequency bandwidths." The classical approach to this task, as undertaken in texts such as Van Valkenburg [6], involves the following tasks:


It describes high strength and polyarylene sulfide composition exhibiting flexibility. Also described a method of forming a polyarylene sulfide composition. Forming methods include the dynamic vulcanization of the containing polyarylene sulfide composition impact modifiers dispersed throughout in the polyarylene sulfide. After dispersing all over the impact modifier in the composition, it is miscible with the other components of the composition a crosslinking agent. Crosslinking agent reacts with the impact modifier, to form crosslinks between the impact modifier polymer chain and a polymer chain. The composition can be used can exhibit excellent physical properties in extreme temperature, to form a tubular member, such as pipe and hose and fibers. .FIELD 1


The total acrylic denture is a conventional prosthesis method in case of total edentation, when there are 1-2 remaining teeth on the arch. The purpose of these dentures is to recreate functionality and improve the esthetic condition, being the optimum solution for improving the life of patients who have lost their natural teeth. Acrylic resins have been used in dentistry since 1937, a date which marked the progressive and final replacement of vulcanized rubber (vulcanite). From a chemical point of view, acrylates are macromolecular resins derived from acrylic acid, obtained by polymerization of several substances which derive from the acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and the esters of these acids. Metallic inserts can be added in the structure of the plastic masses, under the form of wires, bars, grids, nets. Bar and wire reinforcement has been proved efficient in improving the mechanical properties of the bases of total dentures, compared to grids, which failed to constantly ensure significant improvement. The position and thickness of reinforcement inside the plastic mass hugely influences the efficiency of reinforcement; the reinforcement must be placed perpendicularly on the anticipated fracture line. Our study was carried out in the Dental Clinic and comprises a number of 17 patients. The lot included patients aged between 50 and 85. Clinical observations have been made on fracture cases of acrylic bases, followed by the analysis and assessment of certain clinical aspects with a high risk of fracture (maxillary/mandible, with a median/paramedian line, etc.) which, associated, increase the risk of fracture even more. Clinical observations have shown the presence of fracture risk in acrylic dentures, showing the necessity of a correct design and production of removable dentures but also of using inserts.