ABSTRACT Lead was removed from aqueous solutions by precipitation using sodium caprate [CH3(CH2)8COONa]. For a feed concentration of 7 mM (1450 ppm) lead and a mole ratio of caprate to lead of 2, the percentage removal of lead and the percentage loss of caprate were 99.5 ± 0.2 and 0.8 ± 0.3, respectively. The effects of pH and the concentrations of lead, calcium, chloride, and nitrate in the feed on the removal step were determined. At a mole ratio of caprate to lead of 2.0, the equilibrium concentrations of lead and caprate were independent of the feed concentration of lead. Decreasing the pH of the feed decreased the removal of lead but did not affect the loss of caprate. The presence of calcium, chloride, or nitrate in the feed did not affect the removal of lead. Sodium caprate was regenerated by adding HNO3 to the lead caprate precipitate to form capric acid from which sodium caprate was recovered by adding NaOH. Based on the amount of caprate used in the lead removal step, a percentage recovery of 98...


ABSTRACT The paper examines use of continuum and reduced models of turbine-generator shafts in evaluating torque response following incidence and clearance of severe disturbances on the system supply. Using airgap torque which results from incidence and clearance of system disturbances at fault current zeros, torque excitation which acts along the active length of the generator rotor for each torsional vibration is determined by Fourier analysis. Amplitude of torsional vibration at each shaft cell for each modal vibration is determined from the torque prime mover and generator shaft sections of interest for each modal vibration is then calculated. These components, together with the steady-state component (and that due to rotor swing), are summed as absolute values to give approximate peak torque at critical shaft sections. Presented results illustrate torque excitation and shaft torque estimated from continuum, simple and stiffness-adjusted shaft models as a function of fault clearing time following L-L-...


: 7 Evermore stringent emission norms have always brought forth innovative measures to improve engine efficiency. 8 Spark-ignited engines have been limited in efficiency, traditionally by knock, and more recently by pre-ignition too. 9 Water injection has recently gained much traction to suppress knock, thereby improving engine efficiency. Water 10 injection is explored further in the current work. Both port and direct injection of water are investigated at a fixed 11 engine speed of 2000 rpm and varying engine load. The data presented in this work emphasizes that the gains from 12 using water injection are best realized at specific injection timing (neither too early nor too late), and the effectiveness 13 of water in suppressing knock decreases rapidly with increasing water mass injected. In general, direct water injection 14 offers a more significant knock reduction due to better utilization of charge cooling effect than port water injection. 15 Engine out emission confirms a reduction in NOx and CO, while the HC emissions increased when using water 16 injection. No pre-ignition events were observed at the engine load up to 27 bar. Chemical kinetics simulations confirm 17 the role of water in suppressing reactivity in the operating conditions considered in the current study.


Scabrotrophon inspiratum new species is described from Vanuatu and compared with S. scarlatoi (Golikov and Sirenko, 1992) from the Kurile Islands and with S. regina (Houart, 1985) from the Philippine Islands. The three species are illustrated.


This bachelor work deals with the analysis of the structure, content, use of current information and communication technologies, and other components that are used in lifelong learning sphere. The separate components are specified to be usable in an e-learning course in LMS Moodle environment on the basis of this analysis. The final course template scheme, in addition to the components given, tries to affect student's positive motivation and to soften negative aspects of this learning type which flow from the limited contact between the tutor and the student. This will be reached by virtue of the seemly user interface, the design and tutor's psychological coverage.


This study examines the benefits of diversification for stocks that are subject to varying degrees of market thinness for domestic-only investment in Canadian equities. The study also determines if the benefits of diversification are best examined using time-varying or static estimates of volatility. This thesis has four major findings. First, about 30 securities are required, on average, to obtain most of the risk-reduction (variance-reduction) benefits from diversification for all-domestic divrsification for Canadian equities. Second, the same level of diversification is achieved with less securities for the less stringent trading infrequency index. Third, both size and trading infrequency effects exist in the variances of the monthly returns and in the risk-adjusted performance ratios for the simulated portfolios. Fourth, the monthly total returns for the simulated portfolios do not exhibit heteroscedasticity based on the Portmanteau Q and Lagrange Multiplier tests for the time periods examined in this thesis. However, some evidence exists that thin trading induces some heteroscedasticity into the monthly returns of Canadian stocks.


Abstract: In the present work we obtain the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions for the Choquard logarithmic equation (−∆)pu+ |u| u+(ln | · |∗|u|)|u|u = f(u) in R , where N = sp, s ∈ (0, 1), p > 2, a > 0, λ > 0 and f : R → R a continuous nonlinearity with exponential critical and subcritical growth. We guarantee the existence of a nontrivial solution at the mountain pass level and a nontrivial ground state solution under critical and subcritical growth. Morever, when f has subcritical growth we prove the existence of infinitely many solutions, via genus theory.


With the fiftieth anniversary of the Stonewall Riots having just past, it is astounding to see the leaps and bounds made by queer historians towards developing an understanding of homophobia in the American postwar period which led up to the riots. While the publicised, state-sanctioned homophobic purges of men and women from public service has been well documented in American history, the equivalent persecution of gay men and lesbians in Canada has gone largely unexamined. Much like other oppressive acts enacted by the Canadian government, the purging of those suspected of homosexuality has been left out of Canada's collective national history. That organisations such as the RCMP and CSIS act as arbiters of archival documentation detailing the means of constructing and detecting the homosexual other only complicates matters further. As such, researchers can be better served through the examination of auxiliary texts, or interviews with those affected by the purges. This paper opts for the former, utilising postwar medical periodicals, popular media publications, and audio recordings of postwar symposiums to unravel the proposed medical basis for state homophobia and demonstrate how scholarly research was appropriated by the press. Through utilising a queer reading of these texts and employing contemporary queer theory, it is revealed that gender anxiety was at the root of the purges and that constructions of homosexual men and women as subversive was the result of self-reinforcing cycles of information misinterpretation.


In this paper we introduce SimTDE, a simple knowledge distillation framework to compress sentence embeddings transformer models with minimal performance loss and significant size and latency reduction. SimTDE effectively distills large and small transformers via a compact token embedding block and a shallow encoding block, connected with a projection layer, relaxing dimension match requirement. SimTDE simplifies distillation loss to focus only on token embedding and sentence embedding. We evaluate on standard semantic textual similarity (STS) tasks and entity resolution (ER) tasks. It achieves 99.94% of the state-of-the-art (SOTA) SimCSE-Bert-Base performance with 3 times size reduction and 96.99% SOTA performance with 12 times size reduction on STS tasks. It also achieves 99.57% of teacher's performance on multi-lingual ER data with a tiny transformer student model of 1.4M parameters and 5.7MB size. Moreover, compared to other distilled transformers SimTDE is 2 times faster at inference given similar size and still 1.17 times faster than a model 33% smaller (e.g. MiniLM). The easy-to-adopt framework, strong accuracy and low latency of SimTDE can widely enable runtime deployment of SOTA sentence embeddings.


Background: Accredited social health activists (ASHAs) form a link between rural community and health system in India; hence, it is important to understand their attitude to render health services. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to develop a tool for measuring the attitude to create awareness on oral cancer (OC) using theory of reasoned action and planned behavior (TRA/PB) to the community and to assess the attitude of ASHAs about the same. Methodology: A culturally relevant self-administered questionnaire was developed based on TRA/PB which was subjected to validity and reliability and then pilot tested. The sample size was estimated to be 278. A cross-sectional research design was used to assess the attitude of ASHAs. Multistage sampling technique was carried out to include ASHAs from three of six taluks of Chikkaballapur district. Results: The content validity ratio of the items was in the range of 0.6–0.7, and Cronbach's alpha was 0.762. Exploratory factor analysis provided three factors with eigenvalue >1. The mean age of study participants was 31.8 years. The mean work experience was 5.7 years. The attitude of ASHAs was favorable (82.45%) as they believed that it was their responsibility to contribute in disease prevention (normative belief). Some had seen suffering of OC patients closely (behavioral beliefs) and few opted to follow their authority instructions (perceived behavioral control). Conclusion: The developed tool with good validity and reliability was used to assess the attitude of ASHAs. Their attitude was favorable to educate the community about OC and contribute in disease prevention.


The paper proposes an empirical modeling approach to the prediction followed by optimization of the exact shape of the cross-section of a welded seam, as obtained by electron beam welding. The approach takes into account the electron beam welding process parameters, namely, electron beam power, welding speed, and distances from the magnetic lens of the electron gun to the focus position of the beam and to the surface of the samples treated. The results are verified by comparison with experimental results for type 1H18NT stainless steel samples. The ranges considered of the beam power and the welding speed are 4.2 – 8.4 kW and 3.333 – 13.333 mm/s, respectively.


In this paper, based on the ownership management in HLA, it proposes several important concepts such as collaborative federation, federate, distributed object, ownership, etc. and gives their descriptions in the distributed collaboration system. It summarizes the basic properties of object ownership and object attribute ownership systematically. It also categorizes the ownership management methods from different aspects.


The development of the 'Applicator' takes place in a number of phases. In order to come to functional specifications of the 'Applicator' (See IRRD 9310SW067E), a great number of subjects have been studied in the research phase. This report contains the results of research laid down in the form of separate working notes. These notes concern: (1) the development of the 'Applicator' as part of the New Regional Model (NRM); (2) consultation of future users of the 'Applicator'; (3) adjustment to the other NRM parts: BASMAT (BASisMATrices), Growth model and Evaluation module; (4) a procedure indicating how the lack of a basis of reference matrices is dealt with. However, it was decided that this procedure will not be a part of the 'Applicator'; (5) the relationship between the 'Applicator' and the TRIPS software; (6) trips and journeys, and time of day; (7) an overview of how certain policy measures can be calculated using the 'Applicator. These are divided into: a) social- economic measures; b) generic measures, for instance car costs; c) infrastructural measures; d) parking; e) journey time and changes in costs; and f) freight traffic; (8) data management and GIS (Geographic Information System); and (9) the confrontation of user wishes formulated in working note 2 with the elaboration of the 'Applicator' described in other working notes.


The invention relates to a switching value control method for a high-voltage frequency converter and a controller thereof; a switching value input measurement circuit of the high-voltage frequency converter is arranged at the input end of the high-voltage frequency converter to collect an input switch value signal of the high-voltage frequency converter, and the input switch value signal of the high-voltage frequency converter is accessed to a logical controller through signal amplitude decreasing, rectifying, filtering and isolating treatment; and the logic controller emits a control instruction after operation processing to control switch-on and switch-off of an external signal after being processed through the switching value input measurement circuit about potential conversion, isolating, filtering and relay isolation. In the switching value control method for the high-voltage frequency converter, an output switching value self-checking part is arranged; the output switching valueself-checking part performs amplitude decreasing and isolation to the output control switching value signal to feed in a logic processor to output the switching value state to feedback the output state to the logic processor through a feedback circuit, so as to realize switching value self-checking; moreover, the logic processor is communicated with a master controller of the high-voltage frequency converter through an optical fiber.


The present study is concerned with the analysis of oscillations of one-dimensional spatially periodic structures. There are many approaches for wave examination in such structures, in particular, methods, based on the utilization of the Floquet theory [1]. However, in the framework of this theory it is problematic to incorporate the (external) boundary conditions. The averaging procedure for processes in periodic systems based on the multiple scales method [2] combined with the averaging method [3] was proposed in the monograph [4]. In the present paper a new approach for the analysis of oscillations of one-dimensional spatially periodic structures, which is based on the method of direct separation of motions (MDSM) [5,6], is proposed. The approach is introduced in order to detect new effects in such structures' behavior, which may be employed to produce systems with advanced properties. As an example of the approach application the study of oscillations of a string with variable crosssection is conducted. As the result, analytical expressions for the eigenmodes and the eigenfrequencies of the system are obtained. It is shown that modulation of the string cross-section leads to a change of the eigenfrequencies as compared with their non-modulated values, and to the emergence of a spectrum of additional high eigenfrequencies, which correspond to large wave lengths. A simple physical explanation of the latter effect, which is noted, apparently for the first time, is proposed. It is shown that character of string oscillations may be controlled by modulation of its cross-section, in particular, for given initial conditions the effect of high-frequency components suppression may be achieved.


Optimal highly fluid fabric Softener actives comprising an optimal ratio of mono-tail to di-tail Species. Viscosity stable concentrated fabric Softener compositions containing a fab ric Softener active System wherein the fabric Softener active System comprises at least about 5% of an optimal highly fluid fabric softener active such of the present invention.


This paper presents the first measurements of the velocity of blood flow through the lungs of man. Thorough understanding of the blood flow through the lungs is of great significance in understanding adaptations of the circulation in health and disease. The study of the pulmonary circulation has, therefore, always attracted the interest of investigators. The literature is voluminous and was reviewed in 1903 by Tigerstedt (1) and in 1921 by Wiggers (2). In animals the study of the pulmonary circulation necessitates such distortion of the normal physiological conditions that interpretation of the results is diflicult. The chest has usually been opened, the negative intrathoracic pressure abolished, and normal inspiration has been replaced by forcible distention of the lungs with positive blasts of air. By such methods Plunier (3) in 1904 first studied the pulmonary circulation time in animals, estimating the time between release of a previously compressed vena cava and the subsequent maximal rise in arterial pressure. G. N. Stewart (4) (19) advanced the knowledge of the pulmonary blood flow by studying the time required for dyes and salt solutions to pass from the great veins through the heart and lungs to the great arteries. The chest was not opened although the animals were under general anesthesia. His results will be discussed later. Because such experiments are clinically not feasible, and because


In 1987 was published the catalog of flexible and cement concrete pavements prepared on the basis of the analytical-empirical design method. This paper deals with an improved design procedure for asphalt pavements on the basis of new theoretical knowledge and experiences with modified and new road building materials and the results of asphalt pavement behavior on the circular test track (CTT) of the VUISCESTY Research Company, Bratislava. The CTT has been used for tests on six pavement structures under 11.5 kN axle load. The research program resulted in development of the classification of used materials and an innovative design method using fatigue strength as a criterion.


Using a newly developed technique, the methane content of 30 coal samples from 14 different sites in the San Juan Basin has been determined. The chip-desorption technique is faster and significantly cheaper than traditional, core-sample based delineation of coal bed methane. The methane content of the Fruitland coals in the San Juan basin was found to range from 1 to 6 cc/g without correction for shale that may be collected along with the coal. Laboratory studies have been initiated to determine the accuracy of a lost-gas correction scheme that is required to account for the rapid gas-desorption from these coal chips. Early results appear to show that the correction model is followed for the first 25 to 50 percent of the gas desorption for wet coals. The effects of surface diffusion and bimodal pore structure on the total gas desorption rate are being investigated in order to develop a physically realistic model that is applicable to long-term production models. Adsorption studies have shown that the methane storage is associated with the micropore (< 20 A) structure of the coal.


Objective To investigate the risk factors of postoperative mental disorders in elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods The data of 571 elderly patients from January 2009 to January 2014,who underwent surgery for hip fracture,were recruited in the study. The possible risk factors of postoperative mental disorders were analyzed using Logistic kegression analysis. Results A total of 86 patients( 15. 06%) suffered from postoperative acute mental disorders.Age,hemoglobin,serum sodium,with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or not,and whether general anesthesia or not were risk factors for postoperative acute mental disorders. Conclusion Identifying the risk factors of postoperative acute mental disorders in elderly patients with hip fracture plays an important role on improving the effect of treatment in elderly patients with hip fracture.


indeed to have an awareness of the inconsistencies in our own firmly held views. In ethical terms we certainly need to explore how best to create structures that encourage good behaviour. The power and agency of culture to shape and determine our characters should never be underestimated. Theological ethics in this respect should always be done within an inter-disciplinary framework that can hold the behavioural, the moral and the organisational. Miller is quite right to encourage the reader to explore how good action for the right reason can be virtuous, flourishing and life-giving. Miller manages the interrelationship between philosophical thesis and an empirical discourse with skill and care. What is shown in these chapters is that we need some space to be reflective about the nature of character and the ways in which we behave individually and corporately. We certainly need an opportunity to explore the messiness of human life and how all of us respond badly in both thought and talk. Above all we need to nurture community where we can explore our failures of both judgement and action. Far too many of us do not arrange our minds with sufficient imagination and compassion, taking refuge in self-interest, shortterm gain and the limitations of the local. Miller argues for a wider horizon, for a readiness to encounter the unexpected, and above all that we live within the virtuous reality of truth which can shape our character. Self-examination and the nurturing of a more holistic view of the world are challenges offered to us if we wish to live the good life. How all of this relates to justice and punishment, country and continents remains to be seen. Miller, however, provides a map of our journey into this territory.


The stability of antibacterial effect and activity of extract from Fructus cnidii L.on Botrytis cinerea Pers were studied in this paper.Antibacterial effect of extract from Fructus cnidii was determined by growth rate method.Fructus cnidii extract by different solvents showed antibacterial effect on Botrytis cinerea Pers.The best solvent was 95% ethanol which inhibitory rate was 76.92%.And the proper extract time and method was ultrasonic extraction for 30 min which inhibitory rate was 78.87%.There were only small differences among ultrasonic extraction for 10 min or 60 min,and shaking for 1 d,2 d or 3 d.When the extract concentration was 20 g·L-1,the maximum inhibition ratio of mycelial growth achieved 77.35% in 3.5 days after inoculation.The antibacterial effects of extract Fructus cnidii at-20 ℃ and 100 ℃ were lower than 0-80 ℃ treatments.The photostability of Fructus cnidii decreased when illuminate exceeded 48 h.The effect of inhibitory rate decrease with the storage time prolonging,and was remarkably decreased when the time exceeded 25 days.In conclusion,the best antibacterial condition of extract from Fructus cnidii on Botrytis cinerea Pers was 95% ethanol,ultrasonic extraction for 30 min,20 g·L-1 extract,stored in dark area at 4 ℃ no more than 25 days.


Abstract Geography's existence as a school or college subject has never been a given. While geographers make cases for geography's importance, acceptance of those cases rests not on impassioned rhetoric but on the social and intellectual contexts into which disciplines fit. Contexts are contested and they change. From a seemingly secure position at the beginning of the twentieth century, geography's role in American schools has been eroded and diminished by corrosive forces. Geographers need convincing answers to the existential question lest the subject disappear entirely. Geography's enviable position was in large measure the work of William Torrey Harris. Harris made a compelling existential case for geography and his vision, its implementation, its rejection, and its fate offer a model from which geographers can learn. Understanding how to respond to a social and intellectual context is crucial to geography's future.


As the representative existing estimation methods. the Least Squares (LS) and the General Least Squares (GLS) have been used to estimate the unknowns from observations by establishing Gauss Markov model and Gauss Helmert model, respectively. To incorporate more reasonable error models, it is inevitable to establish the Errors-In-Variables (EIV) model and apply the Total Least Squares (TLS). This paper introduces TLS with the theoretical and experimental comparisons with LS and GLS. In conclusion, in case of the EIV model that can include errors in the design matrix, TLS can produce more accurate estimates than the existing methods.


To determine the strength of F3 as an acoustic cue for perceiving vocalization – a cross-linguistic process whereby a historical instance of /l/ is realized as a [w]-like sound (Knowles 1987) – of syllable-final /l/, a forced choice identification task was administered to listeners of English (American and New Zealand). A 15-step continuum was synthesized, with endpoints from syllable-final /l/ to vocalized /l/. However, post-task interviews revealed potential interactions from nonnormal language development in participants. Normally developing participants (who had not undergone speech therapy) demonstrated categorical perception. Two participants who had undergone speech therapy as children demonstrated persistent difficulty in perceiving vocalized /l/, but post-hoc analysis suggests that categorization was learned as the experiment progressed. This paper considers the potential implications of these results.


By analysing the characteristic of bitmap and vectorgraph,the methods of using some relative software to convert bitmap into vectorgraph are put forward.Based on the problem of the difficulty to catch vectorgraph,some common methods are presented.


The object of the invention relates to a pseudodipeptide family, coupling products between tryptamine, indole nature of primary amine and an alpha-amino acid selection, said dipeptide being represented by the general formula (I ): wherein: R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an acyl or acyloxy radical, R2 represents the side chain of an alpha-amino acid chosen among L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, L-cysteine, L-methionine, L-histidine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosineL'invention also relates to the products of said method of preparation and their applications in neuro-cosmetic compositions or as active substances on the nervous system skin.


Abstract We are grateful to all those who have sent references for inclusion in this list and will be pleased to learn of any publications we have failed to note. Electronic access to all citations in 'Recent Bryological Literature' from RBL 112, and all citations in 'Recent Literature on Bryophytes' from The Bryologist, are available via W3MOST on the TROPICOS website (http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/mbib.html).


The problem of modeling and estimation for linear equality constrained (LEC) systems is considered. The exact constrained dynamic model usually is not readily available or is too complicated, and hence in many studies an auxiliary dynamic model is employed in which the state does not necessarily obey the constraint strictly. Based on the understanding that the constraints, as prior information about the state, should be incorporated into the dynamics modeling, an LEC dynamic model (LECDM) is constructed first. The model optimally fuses the linear equality constraint (LEC) and the auxiliary dynamics. Some of its superior properties are presented. Next, the linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) estimate of the LEC state is proved to satisfy the constraint. The LMMSE estimator for linear systems, called the LEC Kalman filter (LECKF), and two approximate LMMSE estimators for nonlinear systems are presented. The LECKF is compared with other constrained estimators, and a sufficient condition is also provided under which the estimate projection method mathematically equals the LECKF. Furthermore, extensions of the LECDM for the LEC systems with uncertain or unknown constraint parameters are discussed. Finally, illustrative examples are provided to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the LECKF and to verify the theoretical results given in the paper.


Iodine-129 is one of several long-lived reactor products that is being considered for transmutation by the Los Alamos Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) program. A reasonable rate of transmutation of 1291 is possible in this system because of the anticipated high neutron flux generated from the accelerator. This report summarizes previous papers dealing with the transmutation of 1291 where reactor technologies have been employed for neutron sources. The transmutation process is considered marginal under these conditions. Presented here are additional information concerning the final products that could be formed from the transmutation process in the ATW blanket. The transmutation scheme proposes the use of solid iodine as the target material and the escape of product xenon from the containers after van Dincklange (1981). Additional developmental plans are considered.


apcd} estimates age-period-cohort APC-D (detrended) models and provides detrended (0 sum and 0 slope) parameters of age, period and cohort effects; appropriate constraints offer a unique solution & solve the traditional APC identification problem. This package is based on the Stata's glm command.


In this paper we present a method for efficiently including the effects of off-diagonal local rest frame momentum anisotropies in leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics. The method relies on diagonalization of the space-like block of the anisotropy tensor and allows one to reduce the necessary moments of the distribution function in the off-diagonal case to a linear combination of diagonal-anisotropy integrals. Once reduced to diagonal-anisotropy integrals, the results can be computed efficiently using techniques described previously in the literature. We present a general framework for how to accomplish this and provide examples for off-diagonal anisotropy moments entering into the energy-momentum tensor and viscous update equations which emerge when performing anisotropic pressure matching.


Selective ion channels play a crucial role in every aspect of life. The function has been intensively investigated for more than 60 years. Over the years, a clearer picture of the channel functions has emerged. Still many mechanisms are not yet fully understood and some models have to be reevaluated after new insights were gained.
Here I investigated the C-type inactivation mechanism of MthK and its dependence to divalent ions. The effect of the inactivation inducing divalent ion Ca2+ was compared with Mg2+, which did not induce inactivation. Binding of Ca2+ to the selectivity filter impacts on the binding of K+ ions to the selectivity filter and leads to conformational changes putatively associated with inactivation.
A possible mechanism for C-type inactivation was proposed based on KcsA. The conformational changes underlying this mechanism were not observed in other channels, however. We identified inactivation favoring conditions for the channel MthK and a mutant of MthK, which shares a key residue for inactivation in KcsA. Under these conditions, only the mutant inactivated by the described inactivation mechanism, challenging the universality of the mechanism.
Additionally, I investigate the permeation of potassium ions through the selectivity filter of the KcsA channel, which is shown to play a role in the activation process. A closed inner gate lead to a non permeating selectivity filter, in agreement with a pre-activated state with strong ion affinity, increasing the recovery rate from C-type inactivation. Opening of the inner gate reduces the ion binding affinity and increases the channel's conductance. A mutant designed to module steric contact around the selectivity filter is shown to decouple the selectivity filter from the inner gate and to facilitate activation.


N: N-Dibenzyl-/3-chloroethylamine (" Dibenamine ") protects animals against cardiac arrhythmias produced by cyclopropane-adrenaline (Nickerson and Goodman, 1947). The mechanism of this protection is obscure and will remain so until the nature of these arrhythmias is better understood. and Allen al. maintain that sympathomimetic amines having a catechol ring produce ventricular tachycardia in a dog under cyclopropane anaesthesia only when the heart is sympathetically innervated. They postulate the neces-sity of intact reflex pathways for both the dog and the cat since they found that decerebration, cardiac sympathectomy, and partial evisceration are procedures that prevent such arrhythmias.


We report on a new way of forming compact high-Q micro-cavities, based on quasi-bound states in the continuum. Using this approach, an optically pumped silicon-on-chip laser has been demonstrated.


Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile eruption disease mainly caused by systemic vascular di-seases, often is diagnosed in infants and young children, and mainly involve small and medium arteries of the whole body.KD can be complicated by coronary artery disease, carditis, interstitial pneumonia, aseptic meningitis and so on.KD complicated with acute abdomen, such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis and intestinal obstruction, has also been paid attention to in recent years.Early identification of acute abdomen as a manifestation of KD complications and timely treatment can help improve the prognosis of coronary artery disease and acute abdomen caused by KD.

Key words:
Kawasaki disease; Acute abdomen; Complication


The main base of the present investigation is the illegal gold mining in Antioquia (Segovia and Remedios municipalities) and its relation with the armed conflict in Colombia: a comparative analysis from the decade of the eighties until 2015. From this, the following generation is generated Formulation of the problem What has been the relationship between illegal gold mining in Antioquia and the armed conflict that has had in Colombia comparing the decade of the eighties to 2015?


As the drug development process continues to mature and the health care industry places increasing demands for newer and safer drugs, ethical judgments of clinical research by society will be made. Already, many ethical dilemmas faced by the clinical research industry are gaining attention; examples include: (1) "true" informed consent for human subjects, (2) conflicts of interest in medical research, (3) data interpretation by pharmaceutical and bio-technology companies, and (4) the obligation to disclose financial agreements between the investigator and the study sponsor to the patient. The following editorial outlines these issues in further detail.


Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are a powerful tool that potentially offer a method to quantify individual and joint care preferences of persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. DCE studies that have included persons with dementia revealed that choice task complexity is a serious challenge to this population, which can lead to heuristic decision making. This feasibility study aims to determine best‐in‐practice dyadic DCE design to enable both persons with dementia and informal caregivers to participate in health care decision‐making.


At present, most large-scale gesture data sets do not include dance gestures, and it takes a lot of effort to produce our own data sets, which makes a lot of trouble to train a choreography model. We find a large number of Miku's dance videos on many video websites. The videos are created by fans using MikuMikuDance software and the dance gestures are stored as VMD format. Converting them into CSV format, then we get the 3D coordinates of the key points of the human skeleton which can be used as a dataset for training choreography model. This paper presents a choreography model based on variational autoencoder and LSTM which use Miku's dance gestures as data set. Our choreography model can generate continuous and graceful dance gestures using the 3D coordinates of the key points of the human skeleton at some moment or the 3D coordinates of the key points of the human skeleton at several consecutive moments as input, helping people for better dance choreography and dance learning.


A refractory enzyme in the form of coated micropills for forage is prepared from at least one forage enzyme, refractory coating material and auxiliaries in weight ratio of (10-80): (5-80): (20-100).


The surveillance of heartwater, a disease of ruminants transmitted by Amblyomma variegatum tick, was established in Guadeloupe in 2010 after the recommendations of the Ticks and tick-borne diseases working group of CaribVET, the Caribbean Animal Health Network. This surveillance was designed and settled considering the epidemiological situation in Guadeloupe ie. high tick infestation and high prevalence of heartwater. The network involving farmers, private veterinarians, vet services, farmer association (GDSG) and CIRAD relies on the report of suspected cases by farmers to the field veterinarian, on the report of this case to the veterinary services, on the molecular diagnostic test for tick transmitted tropical diseases to assess the etiology and on the subsequent farmer sensitization in case of heartwater positive detection in the neighborhood. An online database was developed to allow data centralization and the real time restitution of the surveillance results on a map. The main objective of the network is to monitor the diseases of ruminants in Guadeloupe associated with nervous symptoms and better know the importance of heartwater in such clinical signs, and to describe disease distribution. Most of all, this network aims at strengthening the collaboration and interconnection of every stakeholders in the field and improve farmers knowledge dealing with the disease and its vector biology, which is a key element for the success of tick control campaigns. (Resume d'auteur)


Abstract
Sustainable use of water, which is one of the most important natural renewable resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina, should be a priority and an integrative objective of sustainable development. In accordance to that, it is necessary to provide the satisfactory amount of water of an adequate quality for various purposes, to reduce damage from water, and to achieve a good ecological potential of water, thus ensuring the sustainability of this resource, at the same time not jeopardizing the ecosystems that depend on it.

Encouraging irrigation, especially of small farmland and orchards, careful construction of small hydropower plants, the development of fisheries and tourism on and by the water, much greater use of mineral and thermal waters, and other possibilities provided by unused renewable resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina provide significant opportunities to develop an environmentally friendly economy. Application of the principles of sustainable development and set goals requires more precise definition and putting into a clear economic, environmental, social, and institutional context.


The linear polyether, 1, 13-bis-(8-quinolyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecane (K-5), has been shown to enhance the extraction of americium (Am(III)), curium (Cm(III)), and europium (Eu(III)) by thenoyltrifluoracetone (hTTA). The extraction of the trivalent metals from an aqueous acetate buffer system (pH = 4.8) into HTTA/chloroform at 25/sup 0/C was studied as a function of the concentration of K-5 in the organic phase. The synergistic specie was determined to be M(TTA)/sub 3/ K-5 and organic phase stability constants for the formation of this complex were evaluated. The results of this study indicate that K-5 has the ability to show some size selectivity for the trivalent metal ion. 3 figures, 3 tables.


Formative assessment policies and self-regulation theories argue that student selfassessment of their own work and processes are useful for raising academic performance and self-regulatory skills. However, research into student self-evaluation raises serious doubts about the quality of self-assessment as an assessment process and identifies conditions which must be met if students' judgments are to be useful, valid, and reliable. This paper recommends that student self-assessment should no longer be treated as an assessment, but instead as an essential competence for self-regulation. As such, we describe a potential curriculum approach that could guide teachers to appropriate use of self-assessment tools.


Tumoral Calcinosis is a rare clinical entity characterized by the presence of calcified, periarticular masses, as seen on radiographs. A severe case in a patient with chronic renal failure is presented and the complex etiology of this disease is discussed.


: The aim of the study is to evaluate the accuracy of predicting birth weight by various clinical and ultrasound methods and comparing it with actual neonatal weight. Accuracy of fetal weight estimation is analysed with addition of one more parameter – mid thigh circumference and compared with usual Hadlock formula, clinical formula and actual neonatal weight. 100 women with singleton term pregnancies in whom fetal anomalies were ruled out were selected for study. 60% patients were in the age group of 20 to 25 years with average age of 24 years.48% were primi gravida and 52% were multi. 58% delivered vaginally and 42% delivered by LSCS. General and obstetric examination were done for these patients. Symphysiofundal height and abdominal circumference at the umbilical level was measured. Fetal weight was calculated by Johnson and Insler formula. Ultrasound was done for these patients, Fetal parameter – Biparietal diameter, Head circumference, abdominal circumference and mid-thighcircumference were taken. Estimated fetal weight by Hadlock formulae which is already computed in the USG machine is taken. Fetal weight using mid-thigh circumference using Vintzileos formula was calculated. Fetal weight using these methods were taken within 2 days of delivery. Actual neonatal weight was calculated within 1 hour of delivery in an electronic fetal weighing scale. Fetal weight in grams were categorized into 4 categories – less than 2500 (9%), 2501 - 2000 (51%), 3001 – 3500 (32%) and more than 3500 (8%).Fetal weight estimation by clinical and ultrasound formulae were compared and analysed by % error prediction, standard deviation, chi square test and p value. Mean average fetal weight was 3042 grams. Standard deviation for Johnson formula was 232, Insler formula was 253, Hadlock was 198 and Vintzileos was 61.2. Vintzileos error prediction was 2% in 2nd and 3rd categories, 8% in less than 2500gm category and 2 % in 3500 gm categories which is least against 12 to 14% in clinical methods. Mean difference of weight from actual weight in grams is very less in Vintzileos for all categories.51 for less than 2500- 3000 group, 75 for more than 3500gm group. P% of error is 1 – 2 % by Vintzileos. Vintzileos formula incorporating fetal mid-thigh circumference was very accurate in all weight categories with very significant P value of <0.0001. Particularly in above 3500gm group prediction error is 1 -2%.In less than 2500gm group Vintzileos was comparable with Hadlock group. Regarding clinical formulae Insler formula was accurate than Johnson formula with P value of .002. Both clinical ad USG methods predict the birth weights within 7 % of the actual birth weights. But when any growth abnormalities are present fetal weight by ultrasound is accurate than clinical methods in all weight groups.


revcat fits a reversible catalytic model, i.e. a model in which people start off negative for some measured outcome, become positive at a certain rate and then become negative at a different rate. The rate of becoming positive may change at one or more specified times, and may depend on covariates. This kind of model has been used to estimate previous exposure to an infectious disease.


The research achievement and application of refuse chamber in foreign countries are introduced by using typical analysis method with analyzing and comparing.And the deficiency of refuse chamber is described,and application prospect in our country is put forward.


Searches for astronomical neutrino sources and weakly interactive massive particles (WIMPs) using the Super-Kamiokande detector have been performed. We select the neutrino-induced upward muon events for the first 4 years, which is already the world largest data sample, and look for statistically significant excesses compared to the atmospheric neutrino background. No excess has been found so far. Limits of upward muon flux from various potential sources are obtained. Also limits of upward muon flux due to annihilations of WIMPs in the Earth core, the Sun and the Galactic center are obtained as a function of WIMP masses.


Information on the extent and composition of sea ice is important for shipping and offshore operations. Single-polarization spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are an important information source for ice centres around the world. Next-generation SAR satellites will have the capability to collect fully polarimetric SAR data. In this paper we analyze the differences between polarimetric signatures of sea ice and those of land, test several applications of an unsupervised segmentation based on the Wishart distribution of polarimetric data, and give recommendations for modifications to the segmentation method. Airborne C- and L-band sea ice data are investigated. Surface scattering largely dominates sea ice backscatter. A volume component is present; it only dominates for some regions of selected ice types depending on the radar frequency. Dihedral scattering rarely dominates. The application of speckle filters further reduces the number of pixels with predominantly double bounce. The separation of scattering characteristics using the Freeman–Durden model before image classification provides little additional information. The initialization of the segmentation method with a scattering strength based classifier is very efficient and leads to good results.


We propose a global system for acquisition, maintenance and communication of achievements in the real-world. The main focus of the proposal lies on a context-aware notification service for achievements. Users of the system can browse the achievement web application and will only get notifications of users within the same context. The definition of context is based on the network infrastructure of the client accessing the system. Our server utilizes information derived from IP-routing traces to build the notification groups.


In this paper, we report a synthetic route to curved 3D microspheres assembled by TiO2 nanorods, which were built from pure 1D TiO2 nanocrystals through a solvothermal approach under controlled conditions. The method involves the reaction of titanium trichloride with urea in an n-butanol and water mixture at 150 °C assisted by a surfactant (span80). The decomposition of urea provided OH− to form 1D TiO2 nanostructures that further assembled giving rise to 3D microspheres.


Objective Regarded tuberculin skin test(TST)as the reference standard,to assess the diagnostic value of two interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)release assays [QuantiFERON-TB Gold test(QFT)and T-SPOT.TB] for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children.Methods We searched EMBASE(1974-2010.3),PubMed(1966-2010.3),Cochrane Library(from establishment to 2010.3),CNKI(1994-2010.3),CSJD(1989-2010.3)and Wanfang(2000-2010.3)to find all diagnostic tests about IFN-γ release assays for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children.After collecting studies according to inclusion criteria of diagnostic tests,data(study background,design information and diagnostic parameters)were extracted.QUADAS items were used to evaluate the qualities of the included studies.Meta-disc software was used to handle data of included studies and to examine heterogeneity.The effect-model was selected according to outcomes of heterogeneity.All included studies were combined with weighted quantity,sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio(PLR),negative likelihood ratio(NLR),diagnostic odds ratio(DOR)and their 95%CI were calculated,and SROC curve was drawn.Results We got potentially relevant 285 studies.According to eligibility criteria,13 studies were included.In 10 studies QFT was compared with TST,the outcomes were as follows:pooled sensitivity 0.40(95%CI:0.37-0.44),pooled specificity 0.87(95%CI:0.85-0.88),PLR 6.21(95%CI:3.07-12.54),NLR 0.46(95%CI:0.31-0.68),DOR 15.58(95%CI:7.47-32.48)and SROC AUC 0.893 1.Comparing T-SPOT.TB with TST,the outcomes of 4 studies were as follows:pooled sensitivity 0.74(95%CI:0.68-0.79),pooled specificity 0.84(95%CI:0.81-0.87),PLR 4.66(95%CI:1.27-17.12),NLR 0.42(95%CI:0.18-0.99),DOR 13.71(95%CI:3.71-50.72)and SROC AUC 0.830 6.Conclusions There was not sufficient evidence to support the IFN-γ release assays in the diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children,and IFN-γ release assays could not be regarded as an effective and feasible method for screening clinically.The diagnostic values of IFN-γ release assays needs to be studied further in future because of the limitation of included studies.


We measure the recent star formation history (SFH) across M31 using optical images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT). We fit the color–magnitude diagrams in ∼9000 regions that are ∼100 pc × 100 pc in projected size, covering a 0.5 square degree area (∼380 kpc2, deprojected) in the NE quadrant of M31. We show that the SFHs vary significantly on these small spatial scales but that there are also coherent galaxy-wide fluctuations in the SFH back to ∼500 Myr, most notably in M31's 10 kpc star-forming ring. We find that the 10 kpc ring is at least 400 Myr old, showing ongoing star formation (SF) over the past ∼500 Myr. This indicates the presence of molecular gas in the ring over at least 2 dynamical times at this radius. We also find that the ring's position is constant throughout this time, and is stationary at the level of 1 km s−1, although there is evidence for broadening of the ring due to the diffusion of stars into the disk. Based on existing models of M31's ring features, the lack of evolution in the ring's position makes a purely collisional ring origin highly unlikely. Besides the well-known 10 kpc ring, we observe two other ring-like features. There is an outer ring structure at 15 kpc with concentrated SF starting ∼80 Myr ago. The inner ring structure at 5 kpc has a much lower star formation rate (SFR) and therefore lower contrast against the underlying stellar disk. It was most clearly defined ∼200 Myr ago, but is much more diffuse today. We find that the global SFR has been fairly constant over the last ∼500 Myr, though it does show a small increase at 50 Myr that is 1.3 times the average SFR over the past 100 Myr. During the last ∼500 Myr, ∼60% of all SF has occurred in the 10 kpc ring. Finally, we find that in the past 100 Myr, the average SFR over the PHAT survey area is 0.28 ± 0.03 M ⊙ ?> yr − 1 ?> with an average deprojected intensity of 7.3 × 10 − 4 ?> M ⊙ ?> yr − 1 kpc − 2 ?> , which yields a total SFR of ∼0.7 M ⊙ ?> yr − 1 ?> when extrapolated to the entire area of M31's disk. This SFR is consistent with measurements from broadband estimates.


We study the effects of temporal UV-cutoff on the chiral critical surface in hot and dense QCD using a chiral effective model. Recent lattice QCD simulations indicate that the curvature of the critical surface might change toward the direction in which the first-order phase transition becomes stronger on increasing the number of lattice sites. To investigate this effect on the critical surface in an effective model approach, we use the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with finite Matsubara frequency summation. We find that the nature of the curvature of the critical surface does not alter appreciably as we decrease the summation number, which is unlike the case that was observed in recent lattice QCD studies. This may suggest that the dependence of chemical potential on the coupling strength or some additional interacting terms such as vector interactions could play an important role at finite density.


In the reformed tradition and theology, the doctrine of provi- dence has always been important and relevant, so much so that it forms an integral part of the reformed confessions. At the same time some of the most difficult theological questions are raised regarding this doctrine, questions like the following: Is God in control of everything? What is the relationship between the providence of God and sin, suffering, man's responsibility, et cetera? In our times the doctrine as such is questioned or even rejected. What makes this topic even more important is the commemoration of the publication of Darwin's book, "The origin of species", coupled with the renewed emphasis on Darwinism, evolutionism and atheism.1 From the perspective of the Calvinistic-reformed theology and in the light of the com- memoration of Calvin's birth 500 years ago, it is important to determine the relevance of Calvin's thoughts on a number of important issues in the current debate, e.g. the doctrine on God, providence and creation, sin, suffering, et cetera. It is also determined that Calvin's thoughts are reflected in the reformed confessions, which is still the living faith of reformed churches all over the world.


The Chinese State Council has decided to cultivate tourism industry to be the Chinese strategic pillar industry and the modern service industry satisfied by the people by the end of 2009,which not only provides the opportunity but also brings the challenge for Chinese tourism listed companies.Few have studied the dividend distribution policy of tourism listed firms at home at present.The paper uses global analysis and comparative analysis and correlation analysis to analyze the features and influence factors of dividend distribution policy of tourism listed companies in China based on the related data for ten years.The results show as follows:the dividend distribution policy of tourism listed companies in China has its own features,which also supports the signaling theory.There is a positive correlation among cash dividend per share and EPS and net assets per share but there is a weakly negative correlation between cash dividend per share and assets-liabilities ratio.The dividend distribution policy of tourism listed firms in China is influenced by its operating results,scale,the number of monetary fund and capital structure in various degrees.


Geological, geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing comprehensive studies show that big ore-prospecting potentiality is contained in the eastern section of the Gangdise Mountains, Tibet.There are various mineralization types with dominant types of porphyry and exhalation. According to their relations with tectonic evolution, they are divided into four kinds of metallogenic series as follows:magmatic type (Cr, Pt, Cu, Ni) and exhalation type (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag) ore deposit series related to Neo-Tethys oceanic crust subduction action (125-96 Ma); epithermal type (Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Sb), altered fractured rock type (Cu, Mo) and skarn rock type (Cu) ore deposit series related to arc-continental collision; porphyry type (Cu, Mo), cryptoexplosion breccia type (Cu, Au, Pb, Zn), shear zone type (Au, Ag, Sb) and skarn rock type (Cu, Fe) ore deposit series with relation to post-orogenic extensional strike-slip. From subductive complex to the north, zoning appears to be crystallization differentiation type (segregation type)-shear zone type (altered rock type)-skarn rock type, epithermal type-porphyry type-porphyry type and exhalation type-exhalation type-hydrothermal filling-replacement type.The ore deposit is characterized by multi-places from the same source, parity and multi-stage, hypabyssal rock from the deep source and poly genetic compound as a whole.


Hyperspectral pansharpening is an effective technique to obtain a high spatial resolution hyperspectral (HS) image. In this paper, a new hyperspectral pansharpening algorithm based on homomorphic filtering and weighted tensor matrix (HFWT) is proposed. In the proposed HFWT method, open-closing morphological operation is utilized to remove the noise of the HS image, and homomorphic filtering is introduced to extract the spatial details of each band in the denoised HS image. More importantly, a weighted root mean squared error-based method is proposed to obtain the total spatial information of the HS image, and an optimized weighted tensor matrix based strategy is presented to integrate spatial information of the HS image with spatial information of the panchromatic (PAN) image. With the appropriate integrated spatial details injection, the fused HS image is generated by constructing the suitable gain matrix. Experimental results over both simulated and real datasets demonstrate that the proposed HFWT method effectively generates the fused HS image with high spatial resolution while maintaining the spectral information of the original low spatial resolution HS image.


This thesis deals with the implementation of navigation strategies for a domestic floor-cleaning robot operating on omnidirectional images as primary sensory information. Such navigation strategies enable the robot to efficiently
cover its entire workspace while avoiding both uncleaned areas and repeated coverage. This is accomplished (i) by systematically guiding the robot along meandering lanes, i.e. along straight lanes placed next to each other at a
predefined and constant distance and (ii) by building a map of the robot's environment to distinguish cleaned and uncleaned areas. Since domestic cleaning robots are considered consumer goods, they can only be equipped with a limited number of cheap sensors and restricted computational power. This fact poses additional challenges onto the design of navigation strategies for domestic
floor-cleaning robots.
The navigation strategies described in this thesis use omnidirectional images, in our case panoramic images with a full 360° horizontal field of view. We consider omnidirectional cameras an appropriate choice because they (i) are relatively cheap sensors, (ii) provide dense sensory information about the robot's environment, and (iii) are multi-purpose sensors applicable to further
aspects of cleaningrobot navigation beyond the scope of this thesis (e.g. obstacle detection, visual odometry, or user interaction). We characterize a position in space by the entire omnidirectional image acquired at this place
(hence the methods belong to the class of appearance-based navigation methods) without detecting visible features in the image. Several places are integrated into a dense topo-metric map of the robot's environment. Such maps (i) offer a metrical position estimate required for guiding the robot along meandering lanes, (ii) have a spatial resolution which is fine enough for accurate
navigation, (iii) can be easily built from the available sensor data, and (iv) allow for efficiently operating on the maps. Spatial relations between places stored in the map are estimated by applying a local visual homing method. Such methods are parsimonious yet robust and accurate methods for partial ego-motion estimation from visual information. They recover the direction (but not the
distance) of the translation and the rotation of the robot's motion between two images acquired in direct vicinity of each other without physically moving
between places. As far as we know, our navigation methods are the first application of omnidirectional vision, dense topo-metric maps, and local visual homing for the control of cleaning robots. Hence, this thesis is also a
feasibility study to prove the applicability of these concepts for navigation of cleaning robots. Since a complete control scheme for a cleaning robot is beyond
the scope of this thesis, we propose two essential substrategies of such a control scheme: (i) vision-based trajectory control and mapping and (ii) visual
detection of already cleaned areas.
Regarding trajectory control and mapping, we propose a mostly vision-based controller for covering a rectangular area of the entire workspace by meandering
lanes. While moving along a lane (and cleaning), the robot adds snapshots at regular distances to its dense topo-metric map, which are used on the subsequent
lane to estimate the robot's current distance to the previous lane. For this purpose, the bearing from the current position towards at least two snapshots
stored along the previous lane is taken by applying local visual homing. The bearing information and an odometry-based estimate of the distance between the
two considered snapshots are fused in order to estimate the robot's current distance to the previous lane. The robot is kept on a lane parallel to the previous one by keeping the distance to the previous lane at a predefined value. Instead of estimating the robot's full pose as performed by common navigation strategies, we only estimate the distance to the previous lane and the robot's
current orientation to avoid unnecessary computations. The results obtained from real-robot experiments reveal that the algorithm is capable of guiding the robot
along parallel and meandering cleaning lanes with only a small portion of gaps or overlap between lanes.
Detecting already cleaned areas is essential in order to avoid repeated coverage or uncleaned areas between neighboring cleaning segments. This detection is a
special instance of the loop-closure detection problem usually occurring during map-building whenever the robot approaches an already mapped area. We solve the loop-closure problem by two different approaches both incorporating pairwise image comparisons between the robot's currently perceived image and several images stored in the map. The first approach, referred to as holistic approach, relies on pixel-by-pixel comparisons of the considered images. The second, referred to as signature-based approach, computes low-dimensional signatures extracted from the entire image and compares these instead of the images themselves.
Pixel-based approaches require the application of a compass to align images prior to image comparison. The standard compass method rotates one of the images
step-by-step while keeping the other fixed and repeatedly compares the images to search for the best match. We propose an accelerated variant of this method
operating in the Fourier domain. This method is capable of computing the best match without repeatedly shifting and comparing images. In order to achieve robustness against illumination changes, we preprocess images prior to
comparison and apply illumination-tolerant comparison functions. Loop-closure detection and compass accuracy were assessed by image-database experiments
systematically evaluating a wide range of different preprocessing and comparison techniques. Regarding loop-closure detection, holistic methods achieve very good
detection results even for strong illumination changes. The proposed Fourier-based compass is more efficient than the standard method, but does not achieve its accuracy. Due to their computational complexity, the tested holistic
approaches to loop-closure detection are --at least with the current implementation-- not suitable for a real-robot application.
Signature-based approaches allow for efficient image comparisons because they rely on lowdimensional and rotation-invariant image descriptors. Due to their
rotational invariance, signatures can be compared without prior compass alignment as required by holistic methods. To measure the accuracy of loop-closure detection, we performed image-database experiments which systematically tested different combinations of signatures and comparison
functions operating on the images' intensity information without prior preprocessing. The tested methods allow for accurate loopclosure detection under constant illumination. However, detection is likely to fail under moderate or strong illumination changes. For the most promising combination of signature and comparison function, real-robot experiments were conducted leading to similar results. These results are surprising because we tested several combinations of signatures and comparison functions which should theoretically tolerate
illumination changes better than the combination performing best in our experiments. Despite their low tolerance against illumination changes, which
need to be increased in future work, we favor the application of signature-based approaches because of their low computational complexity.
The overall results of this thesis clearly reveal that omnidirectional vision, dense topo-metric maps, and local visual homing are appropriate building blocks for visual control of cleaning robots because they allow for efficient, accurate, and robust navigation. We conclude that dense topo-metric maps are suitable representations of space --both for trajectory control and for detecting already cleaned areas. Thus, the navigation strategies proposed in this thesis can be used as a basis for a more complex control architecture enabling the robot to completely cover complex-shaped areas. This includes
mechanisms to detect and approach uncleaned areas based on map information and to combine several segments of meandering lanes as obtained from our trajectory
controller. Using omnidirectional vision not only for navigation but also for obstacle detection, odometry, or user interaction could be a promising means to
reduce hardware costs of a potential product by avoiding dedicated sensors.


In this paper,the physique of the Hong Kong Correc-tional Services recruits were identified and reported.Kinanthropometry has been applied in the study of Olympic athletes and researchers concluded that specificsports were correlated with a specific type of physique.Athletes involved in the same sports have a similar phys-ique as well as body shape.Gold medal winners could beidentified by their specific type of body shape.And ath-letes in different sport have different and specific bodyshape.Hence,by applying kinanthropometry study,people in different occupations could be identified by their specific body shape and physique.The finalisedbody shape can be used as reference in the vetting stan-dards.The somatotyping and anthropometric input canbe used to improve the uniform sizing system.


considering a) that conventional methods of propagation are inadequate in an underground or confined environment; b) that the use of leaky feeder systems is established as a solution to those propagation problems; c) that all types of mobile radio service may require communications in these environments; d) that systems using the leaky feeders and related techniques have now been in use for many years in the land mobile service over a wide range of frequencies in the HF, VHF and UHF frequency bands; e) that leaky feeders are also an effective means of communication where linear rather than area coverage is required. For example, open stretches of railways or roads; f) that such use of leaky feeders above ground can usefully contribute to spectrum conservation; g) that a wide variety of active system techniques is now available for extending the range of cover of a leaky feeder system as required; h) that it is desirable to summarize the general characteristics and applications of leaky feeders and related techniques for wider use,


in common. Eventually Connolly was desperate to get back to Ireland, and, having arrived in Belfast in 1910, began a new phase of his career with the I.T.G.W.U., which eventually brought him back to Dublin. Two years later he decried the 'humiliation they all felt that the working classes of Ireland were practically the only workers in any country in Europe today that had not a definite organised method of expressing its view in the political field' (p. 425). His fierce indictment of the First World War was vented through articles in the Irish Worker, 'worthy of a place in any anthology of anti-war literature' according to Nevin (p. 507), but, as always with Connolly, he did not choose the route of lazy polemic; his pieces including historical analyses of the Great Powers. The book also makes clear that sometimes Connolly could exhibit the dark, volatile and lonely aspects of his temperament. Often confused and ambiguous about his relationship with Ireland, he was also frequently cut off from family and friends, and ironically, given his widespread travel, seemed to blame them more than himself. He complained bitterly in January 1914 that his children were not corresponding regularly: T did expect that I would have got a card from at least one of my family, but no, not one' (p. 493). Connolly acknowledged that 'we cannot deal with Ireland without getting entangled in the question of religion' and seemed to believe that socialism and Catholicism could reach an accommodation, but that 'it was of no concern to their organisation whether there was a heaven or a hell, but, if there was a heaven hereafter, it was poor preparation to live in hell here' (p. 673). These words were particularly apt in a country whose capital city during the war had a death rate of 27.6 per 1,000, the highest of any city in Europe. Next on the list was Moscow, with 26.3, as highlighted by Connolly. Nevin's research into the life of James Connolly was a massive undertaking, and the resulting biography, at over 800 pages, is occasionally uneven and not for the fainthearted, but it does justice to a unique writer, historian and activist.


Since 1970s,research on internationalization has become the important part of international business research field.Many scholars do some research on the internationalization of enterprises from different angles to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for this field.


A buffer distance, widely used as a method of spatial management around an industrial area, is identified to reduce negative impacts from industrial production processes on the surrounding area. Logistic station is considered a service-oriented industry. Activities in a logistic station could generate negative impacts that include noise and air pollution, to wider areas. At present, there are various standards to draw buffer distances for manufacturing types. However, a specific standard for logistic stations has not been identified. This paper aims to propose buffer zone standards for logistic stations by reviewing existing buffer zones used in industrial areas. This research analyzes buffer distances through an examination of physical characteristics of industrial areas and activity areas related to a logistic station. The proposed standard can be defined based on two main factors: i) physical properties of logistic stations, and ii) activities in logistic stations. The Phitsanulok logistic station project, which is currently being considered and planned for construction in the future, is a case study to illustrate an application of the proposed buffer distance standards.


60-year-old male patient had a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and typical atrial flutter. Radiofrequency ablation for pulmonary vein isolation and cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) had been performed 2 years previously. This time, he presented with symptoms of palpitation. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed regular narrow QRS complex tachycardia with sawtooth pattern (Figure 1A). CTI reconnection with recurrent typical atrial flutter was assumed and electrophysiological study was performed. Intracardiac ECG showed typical counterclockwise atrial flutter (Figure 1B). Bi-directional block of the CTI, however, was confirmed on differential pacing. What is the mechanism of this tachycardia and ECG pattern? The posterior barrier of typical atrial flutter is formed by the crista terminalis and the anterior barrier is formed by the tricuspid annulus.1,2 The impulse in the right atrium travels around the large macroreentry circuit. In counterclockwise cases, the impulse ascends anteriorly through the lower septum and descends along the lateral free wall.2,3 The activation pattern of coronary sinus is from coronary sinus opening to the distal part (Figure 2A). The sawtooth pattern on surface ECG and the sequential activation pattern on intracardiac ECG reflect the aforementioned impulse travel. CTI was involved in such a macroreentry circuit. Therefore, typical counterclockwise atrial flutter is impossible with a bi-directionally blocked CTI.4 In the present case, entrainment was performed first. Tachycardia, however, was terminated after pacing and was reinitiated spontaneously. Therefore, we constructed a right atrial activation map using 3-D electroanatomical mapping (Figures 2B,C). The tachycardia mapping resembled counterclockwise activaA


BACKGROUND:
People with an intellectual disability experience significant inequalities in end-of-life and palliative care provision.

AIMS:
To identify the key characteristics of practice initiatives and case reports that have won a UK award for the outstanding provision of end-of-life care for people with ID (2008-2018).

METHODS:
Thematic content analysis of the written nominations for award winners and those highly commended (n=25).

FINDINGS:
Four themes were identified: (1) Good practice was dependent on 'champions' with drive, enthusiasm and determination, supported by committed organisations and managers. (2) Collaboration was essential, including collaboration with families. (3) Care was highly individualised, putting the person's story at the centre. (4) There was a focus on staff training and use of specifically designed or adapted tools.

CONCLUSION:
The good practice examples are encouraging. Focus is now needed on ensuring that good practice is sustained, replicated and embedded within policies and organisational cultures. Currently, it remains over-dependent on committed individuals within organisations.


Rapid changes in the development of electronic fabrication have lead us to have chalenges in supporting the researches. When a prototype of devices has to be examined and analyze, it needs to take some measurements that sometimes take time, not recorded, uncontinous measurement, and need a lot of devices to do it. In this paper, a tool to solve the problem in development of electronic fabrication will be discussed. The designed system offers many possiblity such as able to measure both organic and inorganis devices, able to measure various device characteristics such as current-voltage, light intensity-voltage, and life time. The resolution of measurement can be adjusted depending on the the capability of programmable power supply. The measurement is user friendly by the human machine interface which supporting by the developed software.


The nonlinear motion of a charged particle in a uniformly magnetized, two‐dimensional plasma is analyzed in the presence of finite amplitude electrostatic waves traveling in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. In a strongly magnetized plasma, no particle trapping occurs in a single electrostatic traveling wave of arbitrary amplitude, since the induced E×B motion is orthogonal to the direction of wave propagation. However, particle orbits can be trapped when there are at least two mutually orthogonal components of the electrostatic field with finite wave amplitude cE⊥/B⩾ω/k⊥ such that a particle drifts one wavelength in a waveperiod. Exact integrability of the two‐wave system implies that there is no stochastic particle behavior. Perturbation of this nonlinear equilibrium by additional waves with incommensurate phase velocities will destroy the coherent island structure and lead to stochastic diffusion. The threshold amplitude for strong nonlinear behavior in the coherent wave case helps to expl...


From his base in Philadelphia, Benjamin Rush attained a reputation as the most prominent, well-respected physician of his era. As Rush's students moved into the Ohio River valley, so too did Rush's approach to the practice of medicine, for between 1790, when his protégé Frederick Ridgely opened his practice in Lexington, Kentucky, and 1813, the year of Rush's death, many of his former students in the Ohio Valley wrote to him requesting his medical counsel. While Rush's influence in the mid-Atlantic region and the South has received attention, an examination of the letters Rush's alumni wrote to him from the Ohio Valley provides abundant evidence of his substantial influence on medical practices in the West. This correspondence indicates that in the decades before Rush's death these men were adhering closely to his heroic, that is, aggressive, depletive practices with bloodletting and mercury purges the most common techniques employed to treat a variety of conditions.1 Medical-school-trained physicians in general shared a faith in bloodletting and deemed it a matter of professional ethics. Yet it was a dangerous procedure. A psychiatrist has made the point that a dangerous remedy in the hands of a prestigious physician, like Rush, actually creates a placebo effect. "How else," asks John S. Haller Jr., "could one rationalize the 'cures' brought about by bleeding, blistering, and the heroic uses of calomel and tartar emetic?"2


An improved magnetic bubble memory device includes a continuous propagator overlay on a sheet of magnetic material. The propagator overlay being adapted to reduce the statistical switching effects and overall coercivity of the propagator overlay. The propagator overlay consists of multiple layers of soft magnetic material being alternately arranged with non-magnetic material, in a geometric pattern specified so as to produce domain walls only internal to the pattern boundary, the soft magnetic material being chosen for its initial low coercivity characteristics and having characteristics approaching zero magneto-striction.


Determining the optimal planning scale for urban life circles and analyzing the associated built environment factors are crucial for comprehending and regulating residential differentiation. This study aims to bridge the current research void concerning the nonlinear hierarchical relationships between the built environment and residential differentiation under the multiscale effect. Specifically, six indicators were derived from urban crowdsourcing data: diversity of built environment function (DBEF1), density of built environment function (DBEF2), blue–green environment (BGE), traffic accessibility (TA), population vitality (PV), and shopping vitality (SV). Then, a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) was applied to derive the analysis of these indicators. Finally, the interpretability of machine learning was leveraged to quantify the relative importance and nonlinear relationships between built environment indicators and housing prices. The results indicate a hierarchical structure and inflection point effect of the built environment on residential premiums. Notably, the impact trend of the built environment on housing prices within a 15 min life circle remains stable. The effect of crowd behavior, as depicted by PV and SV, on housing prices emerges as the most significant factor. Furthermore, this study also categorizes housing into common and high-end residences, thereby unveiling that distinct residential neighborhoods exhibit varying degrees of dependence on the built environment. The built environment exerts a scale effect on the formation of residential differentiation, with housing prices exhibiting increased sensitivity to the built environment at a smaller life circle scale. Conversely, the effect of the built environment on housing prices is amplified at a larger life circle scale. Under the dual influence of the scale and hierarchical effect, this framework can dynamically adapt to the uncertainty of changes in life circle planning policies and residential markets. This provides strong theoretical support for exploring the optimal life circle scale, alleviating residential differentiation, and promoting group fairness.


Abstract Individuals' social connections can both shape and be shaped by cognitive abilities in aging process. This study examined bidirectional longitudinal associations between cognitive abilities and social relationships using 12-year longitudinal data (3 waves) from 499 German older adults who were born between year 1930 and 1932. Cognitive abilities were assessed as a latent construct consisting of five cognitive tests, i.e., picture completion, block design, information, similarities, and word finding. Social relationships were assessed by the self-reported number of free time partners and scales of perceived social relationships. Using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model, we focused on within-person causal relations. Results showed that higher cognitive abilities predicted higher number of free time partners over four years and that more positive perceived social relationships predicted higher cognitive abilities at four-year follow-up. In sum, the bidirectional longitudinal associations indicate social relationships and cognitive abilities mutually maintain each other in old age.


This paper presents a new method of vessel localization experiment model based on the least squares, the mathematics model of the location algorithm is established, meanwhile the equation is offered and the realization of the algorithm is discussed. The simulation result show that the theoretical value by using the least square method is closed to the actual value. This method provides reference for the Dynamic Positioning System Design and Application.


The technique of bone marrow trephine (solid core) biopsy was
first introduced by Ghedini of Genoa in 1908 when he performed a
surgical bone marrow biopsy on a patient to aid in the diagnosis of
a hematologic disease.


The paper presents some simple techniques for key establishment over a radio link in pure peer-to-peer network. In such networks, the users do not share any authenticated information in advance and the Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack is considered feasible. The proposed approach includes two folds; the first is the selection of a secure key exchange protocol, the second fold is to find ways that guarantee the integrity of the messages that are exchanged between the devices during the phase of establishing the key. To implement the first goal, the paper uses a technique based on a variant of the Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol. The proposed variant is an appropriate mechanism to avoid MITM and allows mutual authentication. It is also possible to use the scheme to establish shared key between more than two entities. To achieve the second goal the paper proposes the use of a modified I-code that can guarantee the integrity of the messages exchanged while establishing the key. The analyses verified the security of the proposed protocol, and the simulation showed that the modified I-code together with using on-off keying and signal anti-blocking guarantee the integrity of the messages.


ABSTRACT Authentic learning has gained prominence as a pedagogical strategy educators can adopt to address concerns regarding curriculum effectiveness. While support for the development of an integrated approach to the curriculum is evident, especially in tourism education, concerns regarding a lack of congruence between business practice and the curriculum are apparent, with claims that tourism education has little relevance for practitioners. This has resulted in an encouragement to ground tourism education within authentic learning through a community of practice, concerned with collaborative engagement. The purpose of this paper is to explore how storytelling can contribute to authentic learning in tourism education. Our findings reveal how authentic learning through storytelling contributed to the educational development of students through facilitating self-reflection, supporting an empathetic understanding of tourism development concerns and knowledge transfer. It also provided opportunities for remembering, conversation and reflection, facilitating positive social change amongst those stakeholders engaged in the project.


Abstract Socioemotional selectivity theory posits that goals change as a function of perceived time-horizons. As people age and time-horizons grow increasingly limited, people prioritize goals realized in the present over goals that will be realized in the distant future. Because goals that are emotionally meaningful are realized in their pursuit SST predicts that such goals will be prioritized by older people. Previous investigators have observed that age is negatively associated with search for information in decision making and attributed the finding to an effort to reduce cognitive load. In the present study, we hypothesized that because time becomes increasingly valued as it grows scarce, decisions about time use will show different patterns. We further hypothesized that age is associated with preference for information about present-oriented, namely emotional, benefits of activities over future-oriented benefits. 262 participants, aged 18-93 years, were presented with a hypothetical scenario inviting them to participate in one of four activities. On a grid containing 12 cells, participants were given the option to review information about activities' emotionally meaningful and future-oriented benefits. Participants could review as many cells as they wished before indicating their interest in the activity. Across all activities, age was associated with preference for reviewing emotionally meaningful information. Moreover, in this scenario age was associated with reviewing more not less information. Age-related preferences for more information was apparent despite a negative age association with recall-memory, suggesting that cognitive load does not deter information search when decisions align with socioemotional goals.


The transform property of curves under quasicon formal mappings is studied.The invariance of analytic curves under Teichmuller mappings is obtained,which is an improvement on the corresponding result in the theory of conformal mappings.


We study how conflicts within a lending syndicate affect loan contract and syndicate formation. We argue that loan provisions serve an important dual function: In addition to moderating borrower–lender conflicts, they reduce within‐syndicate conflicts. We show that greater potential for within‐syndicate conflicts is associated with more and stricter covenants. Loans are less restrictive when the interests of participants and the lead arrangers are better aligned, for example, when participant–banks have stronger relationships with the lead arranger or hold borrower's equity (indirectly). Overall, our results show that covenant choice, syndicate formation, and lead arranger's loan allocation all play an important role in reducing within‐syndicate conflicts.


Chronic hepatitis C is a progressive liver disease, characterized by many extrahepatic manifestations. The relationship between Sjögren's syndrome and hepatitis C virus infection was revealed first in 1992 by Haddad et al. Viral infections have long been seen as a potential cause and many viruses like the herpesviruses, and retroviruses have been blamed in the etiology of Sjögren's syndrome. Experimental models in mice have also shown the direct relationship between certain viruses and Sjögren's syndrome. Also the clinical and histological findings of primary Sjögren's syndrome were observed in some patients with chronic hepatitis C in several studies. We report a case of Sjögren's syndrome caused by hepatitis C treatment. Klimik Dergisi 2015; 28(2): 89-91.


»In the past, plates and node-to-node anchors have been used to model piles in PLAXIS 2D. Both methods have some advantages compared to each other, but both also have clear drawbacks: • Plate elements have pile properties, converted to properties per unit width in out-of-plane direction. Interface elements are used to manipulate the pile-soil interaction. However, the use of interface elements separates the soil mesh, which results in a minor interaction between both sides of the pile. Using a plate element is therefore limited to low out-of-plane spacing Lspacing compared to the pile diameter Deq (e.g. Lspacing / Deq < 2 to 3). • Using a node-to-node anchor, the soil mesh is continuous and there is no interaction with the soil. Soil can 'flow' independent from the pile, however, in reality there is always some sort of interaction. Moreover, a node-to-node anchor has no properties in lateral direction, which limits the use of this method to fully axial loaded piles only. Some sort of pile foot modelling is needed in order to sustain axial forces in the pile, since a single node at the foot is generally insufficient and leads to mesh dependent results.


This paper concerns the dissipative mechanism in the shock capturing schemes, where exact or approximate Riemann solvers are used in the flux evaluation. More specifically, we are going to analyze the dissipation in the flux vector splitting (FVS) scheme and the Godunov method, from which some pathological phenomena from the FVS scheme and the Godunov method will be explained, such as the artificial dissipation and the shock instability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper describes experimental observations of electron beam‐plasma interaction in low‐pressure mercury‐vapor discharges. Comprehensive data have been obtained of rf growth, phase velocity, axial and radial electric field profiles in the interaction region, and Faraday rotation, for the case of transverse modulation, i.e., for growth in the first azimuthally‐varying mode (m = 1). The work complements previous parallel studies of the axisymmetric mode (m = 0) made with axial modulation. The results are compared with cold‐ and warm‐plasma theories of the interaction. It is concluded that the warm‐plasma theory gives a satisfactory approximation to the experimental results, and that the remaining discrepancies are due to lack of sharpness of the experimental beam edge.


Purpose
This interview introduces the concept of the "AI first company", a new breed of organization that is transforming the economy and defining the emergence of a new age.

Design/methodology/approach
An interview with Harvard digital strategy experts, Marco Iansiti and Karim Lakhani, about their new book, Competing in the Age of AI: Strategy and Leadership When Algorithms and Networks Run the World. Marco Iansiti is the David Sarnoff Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School (HBS) and heads the school's Technology and Operations Management Unit and the Digital Initiative. Karim R. Lakhani is the Charles E. Wilson Professor of Business Administration at HBS, and the founder and co-director of the Laboratory for Innovation Science and co-founder of the Digital Initiative at Harvard. 10; 10;The authors were interviewed by Brian Leavy, emeritus professor of strategy at Dublin City University Business School and a Strategy & Leadership contributing editor.

Findings
Digital transformation is not about creating a digital function or spinning off a digital unit, it's about fundamentally restructuring the core of the firm by building a data-centric operating architecture supported by an agile organization that enables on-going change.

Practical implications
Essentially, we are moving away from an era of core competencies that differ from industry to industry to an age shaped by data and analytics and powered by algorithms. The concept of network is superceding the concept of industry in defining strategic options for firms.

Originality/value
The emergence of the "Age of AI" has possibly created the greatest entrepreneurial opportunity in the history of civilization and the world is literally jammed with entrepreneurial activity. Marco Iansiti and Karim Lakhani suggest ways to maximize that opportunity.


AND SUMMARY This paper comments on solvent plant operation with regard to maximizing grind rate and its effect on plant performance. Data is presented on a miscella evaporator and on extractor retention time vs. re- sidual oil in the spent flakes. Calculations are pre- sented to justify the investment for an oversize ex- tractor in any existing or proposed plant installation based on product yield value. Attention is drawn to an existing publication by Othmer in 1955 which suggests some extractor design theory that would seem to warrant increased attention. Comments on solvent extraction facilities for oilseed processing presented in this paper will dwell chiefly on soy- beans, since the author has worked with the oilseed for 30 yr in the U.S. and abroad. One item that is of chief concern to all soybean plant managers and superintendents- and one consultants are frequently called upon to give a professional opinion on-is the optimum throughput of plants consistent with machinery, performance standards, and other individual operating conditions peculiar to each mill. For purposes of discussion this item will be identified as:


I should like to discuss the problem of property in socialist economies. My main concern is with the efficiency of socialist economic systems, and it is from this point of view that I am engaging in this discussion. It is not my intention to deal with the problem in extenso. Instead, I prefer to sketch only my answer to two questions related to the problem of property. In my view, these two questions touch upon the very essence of the problem.


Teleseismic events have been selected from a database of earthquakes with three components which were recorded between February 2005 and January 2007 by five seismic stations across the Garoua rift region which constitutes a part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). The iterative time deconvolution performed by [1] applied on these teleseismic events, permitted us to obtain P-receiver functions. The latter were subsequently inverted in order to obtain S-wave velocity models with respect to depth which were then associated to the synthetic receiver functions. This made it possible to explain the behavior of the wave and the medium through which they traveled. The main results obtained indicate that: (1) The lithosphere appears to be thin in its crustal part with a mean Moho depth of 28 km and S wave velocity of 3.7 km/s. (2) In its mantle part, the lithosphere is thick in nature having a thickness that varies between 42 km and 67.2 km. The greatest depth is noticed towards the center located around Garoua while the least depth corresponds to a location around Yagoua in the North. The Low velocity zone which makes it possible to determine the depth of the lithosphere was seen to have a thickness which varies between 42 km and 118.8 km. (3) The synthetic receiver functions associated to shear velocity models reveal that, on one hand the wave has really undergone a conversion and multiple conversions such that the existing Ps phase and subsequent reverberations PpPs and PpSs have mean times of 3.7 s, 11 s and 17.6 s respectively. On the other hand, they reveal an attenuation shown by the decrease in the amplitude of the aforementioned phases along a South-North direction in the Garoua rift.


Firstly, the contribution rate-estimating model was constructed by Cobb-Douglas production function. Secondly, the author estimated and analyzed the contribution rate of higher education on economic growth of whole country. especially, ShanXi, AnHui, JiangXi, HeNan, HuBei, HuNan province during the period of 2004-2013. The research showed that basic education was still played the prime role on the growth of economy; the potential contribution of higher education on the growth of economy didn't released totally; the phenomenon of scale and structural imbalance existed in the development of education in the central China. On the basis of these problems, the corresponding policy recommendations were proposed.


Tracking multiple vehicles in optical satellite videos can be achieved by detecting vehicles in individual frames and then link detections across frames. This is challenging since the low spatial resolution of satellite videos would lead to miss or partial detections. Failure in consistently detecting an identical vehicle would terminate a trajectory for loss of identity, or reinitialize a new trajectory for re-detection. Both would result in fragmented tracklets for an identical vehicle. In this paper, we propose a two-step global data association approach for multiple target tracking, which first generates local tracklets then merges them to global trajectories. In order to handle the frequent terminals of tracklets caused by the miss or partial detections, the spatial grid flow model has been extended to temporal neighboring grids to cover the possible connectivities in a wider temporal neighboring, so that the detection association could match temporal-unlinked detections. In the tracklet association model, we customize a tracklet transition probability based on Kalman Filter to link tracklets with large temporal intervals. A near-optimal solution to the proposed two-step association problem is found by Bilevel K-shortest Paths Optimization. Experiments on a satellite video show that our approach improves both detection and tracking performance of moving vehicles.