Dengue virus infection has emerged as notable public health problem in recent decades because of high mortality and morbidity associated with it. Dengue with its two severe clinical manifestations dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is endemic in India and epidemics are frequently reported from many parts of India and abroad. Dengue fever is a recurrent problem in West Bengal. The present study had concentrated on the epidemiology and trend of Dengue fever in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata Blood was collected aseptically from 7141 clinically suspected patients over a period of four years ,attending the hospital & suffering from fever for at least five days & serum was separated and analyzed by IgM capture ELISA technique to detect Dengue specific IgM antibodies. 789 out of 7141 samples were found to be reactive (11.04 %) and total of 493 cases were male (62.48%) whereas 296 cases were female (37.52%). Majority of the cases (46.9%) were in the age group 10 to 29 years. A clear post rainy season peak was noted in each year during the study period. There was a rise of number of Dengue cases in 2012, then a fall in 2013 and again a sharp peak was noted in 2015.Dengue IgM sensitivity among the suspected cases indicates active dengue virus activity. Further Studies like Haemagglutination inhibition test need to be done to identify circulating serotypes of dengue virus to design preventive strategies


Method and device for controlling the braking installation of a vehicle, in particular clamping electromechanical brakes; when the vehicle starts, a check is made on at least one wheel brake which is applied a control signal corresponding to a predetermined minimum braking effect. If this minimum braking effect is not reached on at least one wheel brake, the parking brake can not be released.


This thesis analyses closely the piece of a french composer Camille Saint-Saens - Le carnaval des animaux. It concentrates on interpretation problems from pianists´ point of view. Thesis contains a detailed form analysis of the work, as well as a short biography of the author and use of the work in art and culture.


Sternal wound infection after heart transplantation is a feared and potentially life threatening complication with reported incidences between 2.5% and 3.6%. However, optimal therapy of sternal wound infections in heart transplant recipients remains a matter of controversy, particularly the effect of immunosuppression in those patients is still unclear. We examined 5 heart transplanted patients (4 men and 1 woman with a median age of 46 ± 21.4 years (ranging from 14 to 59 years) in terms of inflammation and treatment response during VAC therapy. Infection begin was median 18.2 days (± 10 days, ranging from 5 to 28 days) after transplantation. VAC therapy lasted on average 12.2 ± 2 days, ranging from 10 to 19 days. A median of 3 changes (range from 3 to 5) were necessary until the definitive closure. We examined C-reactive protein, leucocyte


This paper is concerned with two issues: (1) how to enable distributed robots to dynamically acquire their goal-directed collective behaviors, and (2) how to apply the methodology of collective behavioral learning to solve the world modeling problems in mobile robot navigation. We have developed an evolutionary self-organization approach to collective task handling, and furthermore, demonstrated the implemented approach in tackling the specific problem of collectively constructing a global spatial representation, i.e., an artificial potential field map, in an unknown environment.


The invention discloses a hydroelectric generating unit vibration state region monitoring method based on real-time online monitoring. The method includes on the basis of the traditional hydroelectric generating unit vibration online monitoring, adopting a hydroelectric generating unit vibration wave recording analysis device to acquire and analyze original sample data of vibration monitoring points of the unit, and establishing a feature data storing history storing database of the vibration monitoring points; on the basis of historical feature data statistic analysis, the real-time unit vibration state region is determined comprehensively, and the real-time alarm information display and historical alarm information statistic and querying features are provided according to the determination results. The method has the advantages of high function comprehension, high result accuracy and convenience and easiness for usage.


Abstract. A structured low rank approximation of the Sylvester resulta nt matrixS(f, g) of the Bernstein basis polynomialsf = f(y) andg = g(y), for the determination of their approximate greatest common div isors (GCDs), is computed using the method of structured total least norm. Sin ce the GCD of (y) andg(y) is equal to the GCD of f(y) andαg(y), whereα is an arbitrary non-zero constant, it is more appropriate to c onsider a structured low rank approximationS(f̃ , g̃) of S(f, αg), where the polynomials̃ f = f̃(y) andg̃ = g̃(y) approximate the polynomials f(y) andαg(y), respectively. Different values of α yield different structured low rank approximations S(f̃ , g̃), and therefore different approximate GCDs. It is shown that the in clusion ofα allows to obtain considerably improved approximations, as measured by the decrease of the singular va luesσi of S(f̃ , g̃), with respect to the approximation obtained when the default value α = 1 is used. An example that illustrates the theory is presented a nd future work is discussed.


Phthalates Esters(PAEs) was one kind of environmental pollutants in priority control in China.Based on measurement of 6 PAEs in standard and real soil samples and the systematic analysis of a large number of monitoring data,which was determined by more than 40 laboratories over 20 provinces,this study discussed the methods of PAEs in soil,and assessed the degree which influenced on the results of quality control by pretreatment and analysis,also put forward the quality control indices on the recovery,aiming to provide evaluating basis for conducting quality control.


This paper briefly reviews the historical evolution of guidance in Spain, focusing in the Professor Elvira Repetto Talavera from the perspective of her academic and scientific contribution, and in her role promoting guidance, particularly from the community of practice perspective. We analyse the current state of the institutionalisation of guidance in Spain since the nineties, describing three subsystems that are evolving in parallel but with almost no mutual interconnection: primary and secondary education, university and vocational training, and transition to work. We conclude that, among the challenges that remain, there is the need for a greater professionalisation of the guidance role and for working towards an integrated guidance system that ensures coherence and quality.


Abstract Previous literature suggests a party's electoral result can shape its vote share and calculus of voting in a subsequent election. Less is known about whether this information-updating process helps explain the success of radical right parties (RRPs) in a multi-level system. To answer this question, I use the case of Germany to test whether a bottom-up spillover effect exists for RRPs. Through a regression discontinuity design, I first find that crossing regional electoral hurdles can substantially improve RRPs' electoral performance in a subsequent general election. Yet, this positive spillover effect cannot be found for other party families. Next, I use a panel to ascertain which mechanisms drive this effect for RRPs. The analysis suggests the legitimation mechanism is more dominant than the viability mechanism and exposure mechanism. These findings enrich our understanding of both the second-order election framework and RRP studies.


Objectives : Source acupoint is one of the representative acupoints to treat various diseases in each meridian. We aimed to identify the patterns of selection of Source acupoints and their associations with diseases using clinical trials data. Methods : We extracted the frequency of Source acupoints across 30 diseases from clinical trials database. Acupuncture treatment regimens were retrieved from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The frequency of Source acupoint use was calculated as the number of studies using a certain acupoint divided by the total number of included studies. Using hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling, the characteristics of Source acupoints were analyzed based on the similarity of the relationships between the Source acupoints and the diseases. Results : A total of 421 clinical trials were included for this analysis. LR3, HT7, KI3, and LI4 acupoints were most frequently used for the treatment of 30 diseases. Cluster analysis showed that LR3 and LI4 acupoints were grouped together and HT7 and KI3 acupoints were grouped together. Multidimensional scaling revealed that LR3, LI4, HT7, and KI3 acupoints have intrinsic properties in the two-dimensional space. Conclusions : The present study identified the selection patterns of the Source acupoints using clinical trials data. Our finding will provide the understanding of the characteristics of Source acupoints.


An ebastine solid oral preparation and preparation method are disclosed in the present invention. Made of ebastine, ethanol solution, cosolvent, diluent or filler, disintegrating agent, taste correcting agent, glidants or dispersing agent, effervescing agent, lubricant in proportion, its step is that firstly adding ebastine into ethanol solution, and then adding cosolvent organic acid, leading it to dissolve entirely; secondly mixing the diluent or filler, disintegrating agent, taste correcting agent, effervescing agent with dispersing agent, to obtain a mixer; third mixing the front two, preparing soft material, preparing granules, then adding disintegrating agent, effervescing agent, taste correcting agent, glidants and lubricant, tabletting or filling capsules, packing to obtain a solid oral preparation. The present invention preparing oral disintegrable tablet, dispersing tablet have short disintegrating time, good dispersing state. The obtained oral disintegrable tablet, dispersing tablet and chewing tablet have good taste and mouth feel, the obtained solid oral preparations dissolving out are all rapid. The method is easy, simple operation, without needing special equipment, and lower production cost.


This paper analyzes status mobility between markets under conditions of local and global art market convergence, using data of Korean artists and their sales movement from 1998 to 2012. We identify three distinct sets of status devices-nominal, commensurate, and network--based on the type of quality-related information each represents and its mechanism to signal status. We analyze their effects on success in local and global markets and whether they deliver prior success (i.e. when interacted with prior success in each market) or transform that success on their own (i.e. exert an independent effect) as artists move to other markets. We demonstrate their differential effects on the absolute status discrepancies compared to their effects on the movement from local to global markets and from global to local markets. Whereas previous scholarship focuses on mobility within markets, we combine empirical research on within market status mobility with theoretical literature on status change to the newer context o...


The study evaluated the state of international activities of extractive industry enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of corona crisis. The system of indicators to assess the effectiveness of their marketing activities in conditions caused by the pandemic coronavirus COVID-19 was developed. The evaluation system proposed in the study includes the analysis of indicators of production volume of the main types of extractive industry products, the dynamics of kaolin mining volumes in Ukraine and the dynamics of sales volumes of extractive industry products by Ukrainian enterprises on international markets. Also the structure of sales volumes of extractive industry products by Ukrainian enterprises on international markets was determined. An important stage of the proposed research methodology is the assessment of indicators of convergence of international markets in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of corona crisis. In the process of the study a comprehensive assessment of the convergence of Ukrainian enterprises of extractive industry in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of corona crisis was carried out. The approach is based on the application of ranks summation method for rating international markets by the system of dynamic indicators. The results of the study made it possible to determine the marketing attractiveness of markets of Belgium, Canada, Netherlands, Bangladesh, Hong Kong China, Pakistan for the activities of domestic enterprises of extractive industry at them, and assess their convergence. The last stage of the research was an expert assessment of convergence indicators of international markets in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of the coronocrisis. As a result of such assessment four international convergent markets were identified - Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, which demonstrate favorable conditions for doing business at them, and which indicates the existence of convergent conditions for domestic mining companies to sell the commodity group "2507 Kaolin and other kaolin clays" at the markets".


As the federal government's largest Earth-science research agency, the US Geological Survey (USGS) provides scientific information to describe and understand the Earth's resources. Although often associated with measuring and forecasting earthquakes, the USGS has a strong legacy that has involved collecting and studying rocks and fossils since its creation in 1879; more recent collections have included vertebrates,


This chapter evaluates the proof for Theorems M4 and M5. It relies on the decay of q, α and α to prove the decay estimates for all the other quantities. More precisely, the chapter relies on the results of Theorems M1, M2, and M3 to prove Theorems M4 and M5. The detailed proof of Theorem M4 provides the main decay estimates in (ext)M. The proof depends in a fundamental way on the geometric properties of the GCM hypersurface Σ∗, the spacelike future boundary of (ext)M introduced in section 3.1.2. The chapter then reformulates the main bootstrap assumptions in the form needed in the proof of Theorem M4.


Thanks to the advancement of ICT technology, water consumption smart metering is nowadays becoming more popular. Indeed, smart meters can provide several advantages to a water utility such as an easier definition of the bill cost, detection of losses within the buildings and evaluation of leakage rates at DMA level. This paper focuses on this latter aspect, and an application to a real case study is described. It refers to Gorino Ferrarese (FE, Italy), where no tanks are present and where the water balance for leakage assessment between smart metered users water consumption time series and net DMA inflow time series is performed. Sensitivity of the procedure to the lack of different numbers of user water consumption time series is also evaluated. The results highlighted that, for the case study considered and with proper selection of the users, just monitoring 60% of the users would lead to an error in the estimation of the daily total water consumption, and thus in the closing of the water balance, lower than 2%. Thus, even without a complete coverage of all the DMA users, water consumption smart metering can represent a valuable tool for water loss assessment.


An important focus in cell biology is understanding how different feedback mechanisms regulate G protein–coupled receptor systems. Toward this end we investigated the regulation of endogenous β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) by measuring cAMP signals in single HEK-293 cells. We monitored cAMP signals using genetically encoded cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. This high resolution approach allowed us to make several observations. (a) Exposure of cells to 1 μM isoproterenol triggered transient increases in cAMP levels near the plasma membrane. Pretreatment of cells with 10 μM rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, prevented the decline in the isoproterenol-induced cAMP signals. (b) 1 μM isoproterenol triggered a sustained, twofold increase in phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) activity. (c) The decline in isoproterenol-dependent cAMP levels was not significantly altered by including 20 nM PKI, a PKA inhibitor, or 3 μM 59-74E, a GRK inhibitor, in the pipette solution; however, the decline in the cAMP levels was prevented when both PKI and 59-74E were included in the pipette solution. (d) After an initial 5-min stimulation with isoproterenol and a 5-min washout, little or no recovery of the signal was observed during a second 5-min stimulation with isoproterenol. (e) The amplitude of the signal in response to the second isoproterenol stimulation was not altered when PKI was included in the pipette solution, but was significantly increased when 59-74E was included. Taken together, these data indicate that either GRK-mediated desensitization of β2ARs or PKA-mediated stimulation of PDE4 activity is sufficient to cause declines in cAMP signals. In addition, the data indicate that GRK-mediated desensitization is primarily responsible for a sustained suppression of β2AR signaling. To better understand the interplay between receptor desensitization and PDE4 activity in controlling cAMP signals, we developed a mathematical model of this system. Simulations of cAMP signals using this model are consistent with the experimental data and demonstrate the importance of receptor levels, receptor desensitization, basal adenylyl cyclase activity, and regulation of PDE activity in controlling cAMP signals, and hence, on the overall sensitivity of the system.


CHAPTER ONE - The Dualist Reformation: Two Principles Twin Spirits Spirit and Flesh Creator and Destroyer The Father of Light and Darkness The 'Anointed' and the 'King of Babylon' Creator and Accuser The Prince of Light and the Angel of Darkness. CHAPTER TWO Syncretism and Orthodoxy: Three Empires Syncretism in the East Mithras the Mediator Michael and Samael Demiurge and Redeemer The Throne and the Altar The Prophet of Babylon The Father of Greatness and the Prince of Darkness The Diffusion of the 'Religion of Light' Successors in Byzantium. CHAPTER THREE - The Rise of the Great Heresy: From the Steppes to the Balk Kans and Emperors Paganism, Heresy and Christianity Rome, Constantinople and Theprice The Anniversary of Zoroaster The Descent of the 'Manichaean Darkness' The Riddle of Bogomil Beginnings The Time of Troubles The Heresy in Anatolia The Three Principles of the Thracian Euchites The Crusades of Alexius Comnenus Trials in Constantinople Manuel Comnenus and Stefan Nemanja. CHAPTER FOUR - The Dualist Communion: Heresy in the West The Rise of Catharism Catharism in Languedoc The Council at St-Felix and the Dualist Churches The Schism. CHAPTER FIVE - The Crusade Against Dualism: Councils and Crusades Suppression and Resistance The Fall of Montsegur Rome and the Balkan Heresy The Decline of Catharism The Antipope The Bosnian Church and Ecclesia Sclavoniae The Hesychast Mystics and the Bogomils Heresy and Politics in Bosnia The Fate of Balkan Dualism. CHAPTER SIX - The Dualist Legends: Christ-Michael and Samael-Satan The Good God and the God of Evil Bethlehem and Capernaum.


Willamette River United Act - Directs the Secretary of the Interior to enter into cooperative agreements with the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (OPRD) and the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board to administer grants for recreation, historic, archeological, and cultural preservation or conservation projects. Specifies the general types of projects and specific projects for which grants may be made.Prohibits grant funds from being used: (1) to support regulatory actions or mitigation thereof; or (2) for operations and maintenance costs.Sets forth grant matching requirements.Provides that: (1) private property owners located in the Willamette Basin are not required to participate in programs established under this Act; and (2) funds appropriated to carry out this Act may be used to purchase land only from willing sellers.Requires private landowners voluntarily participating in this Act to permit access to their property to implement, inspect, monitor, or perform repairs or maintenance to funded projects.Authorizes federal agencies with jurisdiction over U.S. natural resources or parks to: (1) use funds to provide assistance to the grant programs of the Board and OPRD when a private investment has been identified and private funds have been committed to a project and to provide financial assistance to Willamette River restoration, recreation, heritage and tourism efforts if the partner can demonstrate strong support in the community; and (2) enter into an agreement with the Board or OPRD to administer federal assistance.


In order to investigate the effects of swainsonie on cerebral cortex neurons apoptosis of newborn SD rats.In this study,through the cerebral cortex neurons of newborn SD rats in vitro model,using inverted phase contrast microscope,scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy to observe the morphological damages induced by swainsonine,and flow cytometry to detect the ratio of apoptisis.The results showed that compared with the control group,the cell density decreased,neural network reduced and broken partially;and the cell surface was rough,with a large number of vesicles;also the nucleus displayed concentrated,fragmentation and crescent;the apoptosis rate showed a rising trend in the treatment groups(P0.05).These results indicated that swainsonine could induce apoptosis of cerebral cortex neurons of newborn SD rats,which may be one of the mechanisms to cause neurotoxic of swainsonine.


We live in a world where economics dictates our present reality and future aspirations and ethics as a functional value system is often problematic, inconvenient and contradictory to prudence and pragmatism that are essential to our daily survival. In short, ethics and economics are as divorced as they could be. Most of us take economics to be a science of production, distribution and consumption of wealth. Though the pursuit of wealth is useful and even necessary, it is not an end in itself; it is only a means to something else. Straddling four giant disciplines is no mean task, but sometimes such extraordinary journeys are necessary to even attempt to answer the age-old question posed by Socrates, 'How should one live?' The profound questions that triggered elegant and eloquent thoughts in economists and religious philosophers are the same. Splendid wealth co-existed with sorrow and suffering that was caused by material deprivation. This was even more poignant in India, a land of huge contradictions which unsurprisingly birthed and nurtured four major religions- Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism besides being a home to Judaeo-Christianity, Islam and several agnostic and atheistic philosophical sects. This shows the vibrancy of thoughts in all directions to understand, explain and solve human misery which was at the heart of all great intellectual quests.


Objective:To investigate the CT features of benign and malignant lesions of gastric wall thickening so as to improve identification capacity.Methods:CT features of 42 cases with pathologically or clinical diagnosis proved gastric wall thickening were analyzed retrospectively,and to the extent of gastric wall thickness,symmetry,enhanced characteristics and distribution of benign and malignant lesions to identify the characteristics of the CT findings.Results:42 patiants with gastric wall thickening were divided into six groups: group 1 mass type(19 cases),group 2 banding type(5 cases),group 3 ulcerative type(5 cases),group 4 pedicle type(1 case),group 5 nodular type(6 cases),group 6 irregular type(6 cases).Of these,15 cases of malignant and benign in 26 cases,one case of uncertain type.Conclusion:CT features of gastric wall thickening were intuitive,clear,with the extent of gastric wall thickening,type,and other characteristics can be identified its benign and malignant.


The problem lacking privilege management still exits in the identity based encryption system.To solve this problem,a new scheme of the privilege management mechanism of identity based encryption system was put forward,which is named privilege management of identity based encryption system based on trust service.In the scheme,the idea and algorithm of the threshold are used to manage the services of the domain.Trust inheritance is applied in the researches of privilege management mechanism to assign roles to users.The privilege management mechanism also uses concentration audit to maintain system reliability.


Remote sensing as both a research technique and a research topic is of growing importance to the field of geography. This study is concerned with the development and testing of techniques for digital satellite data processing. To evaluate the suitability of the programs and the classification method, a test was made consisting of a land use classification of the island of Hailuoto (Finland) made on the basis of Landsat 5 TM imagery dated 20-07-1987. The classification method involved the identification of homogeneous training areas for each land use unit from digital data using a colour terminal. The spectral response of these pure areas is used to classify all other areas with a similar spectral response. The final classification is performed using a minimum distance classifier. The results are smoothed with a modal filter and reproduced on a electrostatic colour plotter. The result of the land use classification is shown in Appendix I. The accuracy of the classification is 85 %. Comparison with the forestry and land use classification of the National Board of Survey of Finland showed that the present study is far more accurate. Most errors are due to the confusion of land use classes with their natural counterparts. Aquatic vegetation in shallow water tends to produce a spectral response similar to spruce and birch forest. Normal 0 21 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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President Obama met with two NASA employees and 32 fellow public servants in the East Room at the White House in Washington to express gratitude and acknowledge their selection as recipients and finalists of the prestigious 2013 Samuel J. Heyman Service of America Medals or Sammies.


Little by little the incorporation of new technologies into the educational environment has swept over different disciplines. Counseling should be no exception. A look at universities that count on modern career centers in developed countries serves to highlight a way we can follow up in our country. An analysis of other universities' experiences reveals that there is a large software market dedicated to helping users make sound career choices. However, the use of such software in a country like Costa Rica [Figure 1] is limited due to several factors, including the high cost of the licenses and the availability of such programs in this country. Their use is especially impeded by factors pertaining to language, conception, culture and ethics. This essay deals with an experience that was begun some time ago in the Universidad de Costa Rica which intends to provide first the University and in the future the high schools of our country with a System of Vocational Exploration using computer and software resources. There is no doubt that high school gives adolescents a larger array of opportunities. Counseling, a discipline that is immersed in the educational environment, fulfills a preponderant role in giving support to the teenagers as they choose a future career. Although the project is still in its early stages, the results that have been obtained so far prove that we are on the right track. Introduction The Universidad de Costa Rica, the oldest and most prestigious institution of higher learning in the country, offers the greatest variety of educational opportunities and receives the greatest amount of applications from high school graduates. The Vicerrectoria de Vida Estudiantil is the university entity that is in charge of offering a wide array of projects, services and actions destined to promote the integral development of the university students. As a higher learning institution that helps form human resources, it is aware of the importance of the services offered in the field of Career Counseling. The election, continuation and future satisfactory application of a career by a student are factors that measure the efficiency and efficacy of the university educational process. Since 1985, counselors in this institution have put into practice a series of methodological experiences that give support to university students who are in the process of choosing or of changing their career. These experiences required the creation of a series of vocational exploration instruments and exercises that slowly developed into a conceptualmethodological frame used to treat this area in the university. The evaluation of this experience also showed the university's need to increase the internal scope of the service. It had to be linked in a more efficient way to the counselors working in high schools and with the counseling programs developed by the Ministry of Public Education. Students who chose to go on with a university degree would be helped to make career decisions before enrolling in a higher learning institution, in particular the Universidad de Costa Rica. Since 1992 organizers have hoped to incorporate the computer resource component to the career counseling service, especially in the aspects linked to the support that the counseling professional offers the student during the career election process. The Centre de Orientacion Vocacional-Ocupacional (COVO) lies within a basic conceptual model in which the process of choosing a vocation implies: * Knowledge of oneself * Knowledge of the opportunities offered by the environment * Decision making * The elaboration of a vocational project Although the COVO has foreseen the functioning of five different areas (Career Planning, Work Experience, Preparation for the World of Work, Divulgation, Investigation and Evaluation), it is important to explain the Vocational Planning Module, which is made up of: 1. …


The crystallographic and magnetic phase transitions in the rare-earth vanadates TmV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, DyV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, and TbV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are studied. Symmetry-adapted spin Hamiltonians, involving quadrupolar and dipolar interactions, are constructed and treated in the molecular-field approximation. The competition between Jahn-Teller distortion and magnetic ordering is illustrated by the comparison of TmV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and TbP${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. The two phase transitions found in DyV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are reproduced and it is shown that a dipolar phase transition might appear in TbV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ at a very low temperature. We also determine the influence of a magnetic field applied along the various symmetry axes.


This article analyzes the development of the Republic's project of Sun Yat-sen in overseas Chinese fraternal networks between 1894 and 1911. In this regard, two cases are analyzed: Tongmenghui 同盟会 in Asia and Zhigongtang 致公党 in the United States, Canada and some Latin American countries. These cases demonstrate the economic and political importance of overseas Chinese in the process of constructing Chinese nationalism and citizenship, as well as dynamism forged by the organization of overseas Chinese in defense of their own interests. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the extent of financial and political support, and the real possibilities that had Sun Yat-sen for the establishment of the Republic through the cooperation of fraternal associative networks.


Content reuse on the Web 2.0 is a common "phenomenon". However, it has now reached critical and sensitive areas, as for example online shopping's submission forms for credit card data. Browsers lack the ability to show anything else than the outer most's TLS certificate verification to the user. We show that there is a trend to embed security critical content from other site's into a website. We will use VISA's credit card submission form embedded in an <iframe> as example. We give detailed examples of existing tentatives to solve the problem. After analyzing them, we argue that a solution can only be at the web browser's core. Finally, we postulate five steps to be taken into consideration for to evaluate and structure future solutions.


The automatic identification of seedling defects is an important technology of an intelligent automatic transplanting machine, which effectively improves the quality of the transplanting machine's operation. The accurate segmentation of seedling substrate and seedling region is the key to the success of the seedling defect recognition algorithm. This paper proposes the maxIOU algorithm to calculate the image segmentation threshold: The image G channel and excess green color space were selected as the color space for the segmentation of the substrate region and seedling region by analyzing the color histogram. Several images were randomly selected from the dataset to generate a training set and were labeled manually as the ground truth. The training set images were segmented using a threshold of zero to 255, and the intersection over union (IOU) were calculated using the algorithm segmented result and the ground truth. The threshold corresponding to the average IOU maximum was used as the segmentation threshold. After image segmentation, three features (area of the substrate, area of the seedling, and filling ratio of the lower part of the substrate) were obtained by the algorithm, and the image was identified for whether there was an empty conveyor belt, seedling deficiency, multiple seedlings, skew, and damaged substrate. The algorithm was tested on the automatic transplanter test platform. The experiment results were as follows: Firstly, the image segmentation threshold was calculated by the maxIOU method. The color component interval corresponding to the segmented substrate region was [0, 24] in the G channel, and the color component interval corresponding to the segmented seedling region was [21, 255] in the excess green channel. The average IOU of the substrate area was 0.854, and the average IOU of the seedling area was 0.820 in the verification experiment. Secondly, a dataset including 431 normal seedling images and 69 defective seedling images (empty conveyor belt, seedling deficiency, multiple seedlings, skew, and damaged substrate) was identified for defects. The accuracy, precision, and recall were 97.6%, 97.4%, and 99.8%. The processing time was 71.4 ms. The conclusion of the experiment was as follows: the maxIOU algorithm had high accuracy in the segmentation of the substrate and seedling region. The defect identification algorithm had high accuracy for defect identification of cabbage seedlings, and the algorithm had good real-time performance, which can be applied to high speed field transplanters.


'Clematostigma' Enderlein is redefined and compared with other genera of the 'Copostigma-Clematostigma-Ptycra-Maheella' complex. Each is defined as far as available data allow and species for each listed where feasible in an attempt to reduce some of the confusion surrounding these genera. A neotype is designated for 'Copustigma maculiceps' Enderlein, the type species of 'Clematostigma'. 'Tanystigma' gen. nov. and 'Tiliapsocus' gen. nov. are proposed as genera to hold species which cannot be retained as being congeneric with the type species of 'Clematostigma'.


In CIn Chinese language teaching at secondary vocational schools,the design and implementation of the teaching process is divided into six steps:topic explanation,words,paragraphs,string analysis,main idea and writing,which are beneficial to Chinese language teaching,dissemination and sharing of high-quality teaching process and life-long Chinese study.


In the continuing debate regarding the mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque formation in arteries, one question remains unanswered: While all arteries in a patient are exposed to the same systemic risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, aging, nicotine of cigarettes, etc.), why do plaques frequently present in the coronary arteries, and to a lesser extent in the arteries of the lower extremities, and still less in the carotid or renal arteries? Over the past five years, in order to find an answer to the above question, there has been a radical shift in our research strategy: The principles of fluid dynamics in industrial and domestic pipes/pipelines were employed to decipher changes in the cardiovascular system. The types of flow under investigation included laminar, entrance, turbulent, and helical flows in systole and diastole, as well as the interface between antegrade and retrograde flows resulting in water hammer shock and cavitation phenomena. We aim to highlight the similarities and differences among flow types in arteries and pipes and apply the same methodologies to study the formation, growth, and rupture of coronary plaques leading to inactive and active clinical syndromes and the beneficial mechanism of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). In this article, we list the questions and the answers based on the primary data of several completed studies and the preliminary results of ongoing projects from a fluid mechanics perspective. The angiographic coronary images of recirculation flow, vortex formation, collision, hammer water shock, and cavitation will be showcased in detail, and their videos in slow motion are uploaded in the addendum for further in-depth review.


Current study is conducted to examine the types of learning styles among engineering students. Felder Silverman learning style model (FSLSM) was used to measure the types of learning styles represent engineering students. FSLSM contains four dimensions that intended to identify learning preferences of students with respect to process information, perceive information, input information and understand information. Each dimension consisted of two sub-dimensions such as in processing dimension learner can be either active learner or reflective learner, this pattern follows in all four dimensions, perceive dimension distinguishes sensing or intuitive learner, input dimension distinguishes visual learners or verbal learners, understand distinguishes sequential or global learners. This study applied survey research method. Index of learning styles (ILS) was used as a tool to collect data. A total of 315 engineering students participated from Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Finding revealed that engineering students are tending to be visual learners.


Recently we demonstrated a novel type of hybrid silicon laser based on resonant grating cavity mirrors. The first optically-pumped proof-of-principle device measures 2μm by 55μm, requires milliWatt-level threshold power and has a side-mode suppression ratio of 39 dB. In this work we discuss the challenges and propose a scheme for porting the concept to an electrically pumped device. The novel implementation combines a high-Q cavity with an advanced III-V waveguide design to reach the same properties as the demonstrated optically pumped laser.


Objective To observe and discuss about the method and efficacy of treatment of colorectal cancer attached with intestinal obstruction by making use of endoscope and X-ray to insert colorectal stents. Methods There were 8 patients who suffered from colorectal cancer attached with intestinal obstruction and failed in endoscope-laid stent insertion,and thus operations were made by making use of endoscope and X-ray to insert colorectal stents. Results The stents were successfully inserted once for all of the 8 patients,with a success rate of 100%. Two patients were found after operation to have mucus and blood stool,but were relieved after venipuncture hemostasia;and neither of them was found to have intestinal perforation or other serious complications. Five patients treated with transitional stent insertion were transferred to the surgical department for intestine resection anastomosis of Phase I,and no one was found after operation to have surgical site infection,anastomosis fistula or other complications. Conclusion The treatment of colorectal cancer attached with intestinal obstruction by making use of endoscope and X-ray to insert colorectal stents is a safe and effective treatment measure.


It is of practical significance to study the decision-making subject in the supply chain under the influence of risk aversion to make a decision and make the supply chain compete in an orderly market environment. In order to improve the effect of enterprise supply chain risk assessment, this paper improves the traditional neural network algorithm, combines machine learning methods and supply chain risk assessment time requirements to set system function modules, and builds the overall system structure. Considering the multiple relationship attributes of supply chain risk knowledge, this paper uses a multi-element semantic network to represent the network structure of supply chain risk knowledge, and proposes a multi-level inventory control modelThis is based on the inventory of the coordination center and other retailers' procurement/relocation strategy models. After building the model, this paper designs a simulation test to verify and analyze the model performance. The research results show that the model proposed in this paper has a certain effect.


This paper builds on the growing capitalist peace research program by examining how large quantities of public property influence the likelihood of conflict between states. Drawing on the logic of the commitment problem, it develops two explanations linking the predominance of public property in an economy to the likelihood of being the target of military conflict, defined to include both militarized disputes and war. Empirical support for this hypothesis is generated with a brief illustrative case and a series of statistical tests with monadic and directed dyadic research designs. A final section discusses how these findings suggest that capitalism plays a larger role than democracy in limiting military conflict between states.


We present the updated version of MadDM, a new dark matter tool based on MadGraph5_aMC@NLO framework. New version includes direct detection capability in addition to relic abundance computation. In this article, we provide short description of the implementation of relevant effective operators and validations against existing results in literature.


only Equation ( 3 ) is different — the others are shown for context. Previously, the overall coef fi cient ( now 0.39 ) was 1.24, and the power s denominator ( now 1.095 ) was 2.96. Using the previous, incorrect values yields implausibly hot intrinsic temperatures of nearly 2000 K in the worst cases.


Rapid identification and management of students with COVID-19 symptoms, exposure, or disease are critical to halting disease spread and protecting public health. We describe the interdisciplinary isolation and quarantine program of a large, public university, the University of Virginia, Charlottesville. The program provided students with wraparound services, including medical, mental health, academic, and other support services during their isolation or quarantine stay. The program successfully accommodated 844 cases during the fall 2020 semester, thereby decreasing exposure to the rest of the university and the local community. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 16, 2021: e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306424).


In the past several years, studies have been performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratory, and Brookhaven National Laboratory in a confirmatory research program initiated by the U.S. NRC with the objective of identifying methodologies for enhancing current qualification guidelines for the application of microprocessor-based I&C in safety-related systems in nuclear power plants. The results of these studies have been published in several journals and NUREG/CR reports. This paper summarizes the results of these studies, and employs those findings as the technical basis to establish an enhanced qualification process for microprocessor-based systems.


Deconvolution based on the Richardson-Lucy algorithm, recently suggested to be an effective method of reducing instrumental broadening effects in radiometric spectra, is applied to two examples relevant to colorimetry. The first is chromaticity measurement of light-emitting diodes, where results are compared with more traditional weighted-mean bandwidth correction. The second is accurate calibration of the wavelength scale of a medium-resolution array spectrometer. Deconvolution is shown to be an effective tool in both cases. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 430–435, 2014


Historically, the first nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pictures demonstrating live human anatomy were produced recently (Mansfield and Maudsley, 1976; 1977) using a line-scanning technique. The original specimens studied were limited in object size to cross-sectional views through fingers. A number of other approaches to imaging by NMR are also being developed and are compared, discussed and referred to elsewhere (Brunner and Ernst, 1978; Pykett and Mansfield, 1978). Recent development and expansion of our imaging apparatus has now allowed us to examine objects of the dimensions of the whole human body. In this paper we wish to report the first NMR line-scan medical image of a thin cross-sectional slice of a live human body.


Conventional Fault tree analysis gives us Probability risk analysis (PRA) method used to identify the basic cause of the failure. To conduct the fault tree analysis it is required to know the probability for the basic events and through which we get the requisite probability of the top event. However with the increase in the complexity of the system it has become very difficult to obtain those failure rates well in advance due to insufficient data, environment changing or new components. Overall failure probability may be questionable with the insufficiency of the data. So here we use hybrid approach of the fuzzy numbers which are helpful to solve the conventional problem which are ambiguous. This paper gives us the use of fuzzy logic implementation in the fault tree analysis when the crisp values are not given. Keywords— fault tree analysis, probability risk analysis, fuzzy number INTRODUCTION Fault tree analysis is a diagrammatic and deductive approach by which we get to know the probability of top event. FTA uses the various Boolean logic or the Boolean gates to combine the series of basic events. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) was originally developed in 1962 at Bell laboratories by H.A. Watson, under a U.S. Air force ballistic system division contract to evaluate the Minuteman Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Launch Control System. Since then it is used in number of system safety assessment and reliability engineering field such as nuclear reactor, chemical industry, manufacturing industries, circuit board, petrochemical industry etc. Fault tree analysis is a diagnostic technique widely used to know the root cause of the undesired element and get to know the functional relationship between the various components, subsystem etc. Today FTA is used widely in system safety and reliability engineering. In conventional FTA, the process should have known probabilities of basic events. However in real situation it is very difficult to find failure probabilities of each and every component as data is not sufficient for the basic events. In conventional FTA the failure probabilities are known as crisp or exact one but in real situations it is very difficult to know the exact or crisp value of failure each and every component due to the indefinite terms or the failure probabilities which are not clear. Fuzzy method is the only way to find out the failure probabilities of the components when little quantitative information is known about it. Fuzzy numbers are used to describe the basic events and with the help of the fuzzy number and expert elicitation the failure probabilities are know. However inadequate data makes it difficult to quantify the probability. So the human linguist variable or the expression such as very high, high, low, very low is used. The above mentioned limitations are to be taken in account so as to get or overcome over the difficulties faced by the conventional FTA with the increasing of the complexities of the system. Hence a review concept using fuzzy logic with the FTA and reflection of the FFTA and its applications in different area with the algorithm used is provided in the following paper. Fuzzy set theory had been proposed by many of the researchers, such as Tanaka et al. (1983), Misra and Weber (1989) and Kenarangui (1991) to overcome the limitation of conventional FTA. Fuzzy logic provides a framework whereby basic notions such as similarity, uncertainty and preference can be modeled effectively. The classification of the numbers of paper published on fuzzy fault tree analysis according to the scopous bibliographic data are given in the fig as follows: [1] Year"s distributions of published papers of FFTA, when putting ""Fuzzy fault tree"" in Scopus I. FUZZY LOGIC Fuzzy Logic is a branch of mathematics that deals with fuzzy statements (linguistic variables). Fuzzy Logic provides a simple way to draw definite conclusions from vague, ambiguous or uncertain information (Zadeh 1978, 1988). It is being applied to many fields these days especially when there is an uncertainty in the failure probability or where vague data is to be handled. Applications are as International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) IJ E R T IJ E R T ISSN: 2278-0181 www.ijert.org IJERTV3IS090322 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Vol. 3 Issue 9, September2014


Web‐based learning (WBL), instruction facilitated through the Internet, has demonstrated utility in classroom and clinical education settings; however, there is a void of literature about the use of WBL by clinical educators within pharmacy. The purpose of this research is to evaluate a WBL initiative within clinical pharmacy education.


CURRENT NOTES: SECRETARIES' CONFERENCE AT BATH ... ... ... ... 167 THALASSOTHERAPY AND ESPERANTO ... ... ... ... ... 168 ASSOCIATION NOTICES: SCHOLARSIIIPS AND GRANTS IN AID OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ... 168 TABLE OF DATE3 ... ... ... ... ... ... 168 BRANCH AND DIVISION MEETINGS TO BE HELD ... ... ... 168 MEETINGS OF BRANCHES AND DIVISIONS ... ... 170 NAVAL AND MILITARY APPOINTMENTS ... ... ... 171 PAGEAnnual Meeting at Bath: Provisional Programme ... 169 NATIONAL, INSURANCE: THE ROYAL COMMISSTON ... ... ... ... ... ... 170 NATIONAL INSURANCE INQUIRIES : CHARGE3 OF SLACKNESS ... 170 CORRESPONDENCE ........ ... . .. ... ... 171 VACANCIES AND APPOINTMENTS ... ... ... .172 DIARY OF SOCIETIES AND LECTURES ... 172 ASSOCIATION INTELLIGENCE AND DfARY... ... 172 BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS ... 172


THE CONVERSATION (AS MICHAEL OAKESHOTT WOULD CALL IT) THAT is political theory finds itself these days starved for interlocutors. There are talkers aplenty, but they do little listening and pursue their several idioms not for the pleasure of language but in order to urge positions and promote interests. Philosophers like Rawls and Nozick join the conversation in order to demonstrate, thanks to the irrefutable logical foundations they presume to discover for justice, how most effectively to conclude it. Liberal sce tics like Karl Popper trust talk no more than philosophy, and opt for straightforward problem-solving. For Marxists, conversation can only obscure or reveal action – and action is where (as Marxism's American roponents might put it) the action is. In each of these modes of discourse, the goal is advocacy, certainty, justification – a resolution of, not a conversation about political issues. Moreover, as if the ranks of conversationalists were not already decimated, death has, in the last year or two, silenced the voices of three giants: John Plamenatz, Leo Strauss and Hannah Arendt.


Improvement of the management and the decision making process is an important objective of every company. Usage of information technology and development of decision support systems based on a data warehouse have a key role in achieving maximal effects of the management and the decision process. The main objective of this research is to analyze the level and usage of the data warehouse concept in larger companies in Croatia and Slovenia, countries involved in transition processes. The results of the research in both countries are compared, in order to identify the similarities and differences between two countries.


One of the most important achievements of medical science is the development and implementation of endovascular methods for treating ischemic heart disease, the volume of which is progressively increasing in relation to other methods of myocardial revascularization. As a result of data from various researchers, the mechanism for the development of coronary artery restenosis in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing endovascular interventions can be an inflammatory reaction, smooth muscle hyperplasia, formation of a wall clot and its organization, as well as the effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme that activates angiotensin-II, an inducer and inhibits the activity of bradykinin, which inhibits cell growth. Recent studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms of restenosis in models of vascular damage in animals, as well as histological studies of human coronary arteries, have shown that the basis for the development of restenosis is the activation of migration and proliferation of vascular cells under the influence of growth factors caused by damage, which is a manifestation of angiogenesis and leads to neointima hyperplasia and neoadvention, narrowing the lumen of arteries.However, today there is no single point of view regarding the role of vascular growth factors in the development of the restenotic process, the number of studies highlighting the dynamics of the concentration of vascular growth factors in response to balloon expansion or implantation of coronary stents, and their possible role in the neointima formation and the restenosis development.


There is a large promise for thermophones in high power sonar arrays, flexible loudspeakers and noise cancellation devices. The freestanding aerogel-like carbon nanotube sheet as a thermoacoustic (TA) heat source demonstrates so far the best performance. However, the limited accessibility of large size free standing carbon nanotube sheets and other even more exotic materials published recently, hampers the field. I present here new alternative materials for TA heat source with high energy conversion efficiency, additional functionalities, environmentally friendly and cost effective production technologies. I discuss the TA performance of alternative nanoscale materials and compare their spectral and power dependencies of sound pressure in air. The study presented here focuses on engineering of thermal gradients in the vicinity of nanostructures and subsequent heat dissipation processes from the interior of encapsulated thermoacoustic projectors. Applications of TA projectors for high power SONAR arrays, sound cancellation, and optimal thermal design, regarding enhanced energy conversion efficiency, are discussed.


This paper offers an interpretation of Kuyper's views on the relation between faith and science. The first section analyzes Kuyper's claim that 'every science in a certain degree starts from faith'. The second section argues that Kuyper is an epistemological foundationalist, much in the spirit of Thomas Reid, the 18th century Scottish philosopher and founding father of the school of common sense realism.


The best laboratory constraints on strongly coupled chameleon fields come not from tests of gravity per se but from precision measurements of the Casimir force. The chameleonic force between two nearby bodies is more akin to a Casimir-like force than a gravitational one: The chameleon force behaves as an inverse power of the distance of separation between the surfaces of two bodies, just as the Casimir force does. Additionally, experimental tests of gravity often employ a thin metallic sheet to shield electrostatic forces; however, this sheet masks any detectable signal due to the presence of a strongly coupled chameleon field. As a result of this shielding, experiments that are designed to specifically test the behavior of gravity are often unable to place any constraint on chameleon fields with a strong coupling to matter. Casimir force measurements do not employ a physical electrostatic shield and as such are able to put tighter constraints on the properties of chameleons fields with a strong matter coupling than tests of gravity. Motivated by this, we perform a full investigation on the possibility of testing chameleon models with both present and future Casimir experiments. We find that present-day measurements are not able to detect the chameleon. However, future experiments have a strong possibility of detecting or rule out a whole class of chameleon models.


Rickshaw is a three-wheel low-cost vehicle. It runs only with the help of muscular strength of a person to carry other persons and loads but does not have a particular fare system. In this research work, a new idea of rickshaw fare measurement system is proposed. The objective of this work is to design an automated fare system for rickshaws in low cost to eradicate bargaining and reduce sufferings of the rickshaw puller as well as the passengers. The system is micro-controller based and designed using Arduino Uno, IR sensor, Accelerometer, Load sensor and Humidity sensor. The fare system calculates fare considering the distance, steepness of the road, weight of carrying loads, weather, travelling time and then displays the fare on the LCD screen. In addition, the rickshaw puller can agree or disagree with the fare, the decision is accounted for maintaining a fair rate. The prototype is implemented with satisfactory result in a test-based environment.


This paper encompasses a elements study of knowledge representation founded on ontologies that have Linux test as target domain. The study aims demonstrating that once knowledge is formalised, it is possible to reuse, to perform inference, to process it through computers, and, what is more relevant, it becames enable to be communicated between people and software. Towards that, three ontologies have been developed: OSOnto (Operating System Ontology) which represents concepts of the operating system domain, SwTO (Software Test Ontology) which deals with the software testing domain, and SwTO (SwTO Integrated) which represents concepts of both domains in an integrated way. For implementing the ontologies, OWL DL as ontology specification language, Protégé as ontology editor and Racer as the main reasoner, have been used. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the SwTO ontology has been performed as well.


According to optimal currency region theories,realization of mono-currency will benefit to each member country's interest being coordinated to agreement.Integration of regional currency has been an inevitable outcome of the present economy internationalization and financial globalization.But,influenced by the complicated politics,economy,culture,and history factors,there still are many obstacles for realizing Asian currency alliance and mono-currency. Therefore,under the current circumstances,two steps must be taken to set up the currency of Asia form alliance and to realize in the end single currency(Asian dollar): firstly,concentrating on the propulsion of China's economy integration procedure and execution of mono-currency-"China dollar";secondly,on this basis,pushing gradually the circulation of a single currency-"Asian dollar" in the sub-regions in Asia.


Objectives — This study tested the impact of intensive metabolic treatment with insulin on transient myocardial ischaemia detected with continuous 12-lead ST-segment monitoring during non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods and results — The study included 57 type 2 diabetic patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.Twenty-eight patients randomized to conventional treatment plus intensive insulin therapy (group A) and twenty-nine to conventional therapy only (group B). Group A patients received insulin by infusion for 48 hours according to a predefined protocol aiming to maintain normoglycaemia. Group B patients received standard coronary care unit treatment. The ST-segment monitoring was performed for 48 hours in the coronary care unit.The two groups were comparable in terms of medical history, clinical and biochemical data. Three patients from both groups were excluded from the analysis because there was objective evidence for evolution in persistent ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Six patients (24%) from group A vs. twelve from group B (46.2%) had evidence of transient ischaemia (p=0.098). Group A patients showed significantly lower values in the mean number [group A vs. group B: 0.4 ± 0.8 vs. 2 ± 3.1, p<0.01] and total duration of ST-episodes [group A vs. group B: 2.4 ± 5.1 vs. 21.2 ± 31 min, p<0.01]. Multivariate analysis revealed that the mean plasma glucose during the study period was a powerful predictor of the presence (b: 0.377, p<0.01), the number (b: 0.523, p<0.001) and the total duration (b: 0.686, p<0.001) of ST-episodes, respectively. Conclusions — Intensive insulin treatment considerably decreases the number and the total duration of ST-episodes in type 2 diabetic patients suffering from non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.


The interaction of high-energy cosmic-rays incident on a neutron multiplicity waste assay counter was modeled within the GEANT4 Monte-Carlo simulation code framework. The primary purpose of this study was to aid in the design and construction of shields to reduce the cosmic-ray induced background in neutron multiplicity counters. We demonstrate the feasibility for using the GEANT4 code for this application by comparing the results of this study to experimentally observed background rates. (authors)


Climate variability is a major force affecting diversification processes and restricting species to specific areas, and thus, it has important impacts on species biogeographic patterns. This study aims to infer the role of climate in the evolutionary history of the endemic Iberian adder Vipera seoanei.


Patients may present with acute surgical symptoms from their lymphoma. We aimed to study postoperative outcomes and 3-year overall survival in patients who had inadvertent surgery as primary management of their gastrointestinal tract lymphomas.

 Suitable patients were identified using electronic records from January 2013 to December 2022. Demographics, clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of these patients were collected retrospectively.

 A total of 25 patients were identified. The most common clinical symptom was abdominal pain (n = 18, 72%) with demonstration of an obstruction (n = 16, 64%) or perforation (n = 4, 16%) by a mass on CT scan. Small bowel was the most common site, followed by colon and stomach (55%, 24% and 21% respectively) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common subtype (66.7%). Immunohistochemistry revealed B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 to be positive in most patients (n = 17, 68%) and Ki 67% to be high (>70%) in a third (n = 8, 32%).
 Upon discharge, two thirds of patients were well enough to have systemic chemotherapy (n = 19, 76%). Two patients died from surgical complications while the rest succumbed to disease progression (n = 10, 76%). The overall 3-year survival rate was 56%.

 Patients with gastrointestinal tract lymphoma who do not die in the postoperative period after inadvertent surgery are likely to be alive at 3 years with the use of systemic chemotherapy.


Adaptive user interfaces allow users to modify the look and functionality of the application to suit their preferences. They are often used to increase user effectiveness and acceptance of a given software system. Adaptivity of the user interface poses certain new challenges if the application is delivered via the Web. The solutions for these challenges are presented in the article on the basis of an innovative adaptive e-banking system. The architecture of the system was designed for performance and scalability (up to thousands of users at the same time). The system is able to track user behaviour based on the events generated by the users during interaction with the system and uses data mining techniques to discover user preferences from the obtained event stream. The behaviour patterns and user preferences are converted into adaptation rules which are triggered either by change of the state of the application or events generated by the user.


The formulation of the problem in this study is about the responsibility of the bank if the customer suffers a loss and legal protection for bank customers who suffer losses due to services from the bank system on mobile banking services based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The type of research used is normative juridical research, namely legal research carried out through analysis, description, and study of library materials in the form of agreement contents, laws and literature relating to the problem to be studied. Based on the results of the study, it is known that in connection with the bank's obligations to customers who experience problems with mobile banking due to a system failure that results in loss of funds in the customer's account, this is resolved by re-crediting the account with an amount equal to the loss in question. This shows that banks have accepted their responsibility as industry players to provide compensation in accordance with Article 7 of Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, which states that industrial players are obliged to provide compensation, and/or compensation in the event of a loss due to the use, manufacture, or use of goods and/or services. Suggestions that can be given to users to be more careful in using mobile banking. And to the bank the security is further enhanced.


The announcement of President Trump on 19 December 2018 that the US would withdraw its troops from Syria and following reactions provide evidence of the uncertainties on the end of armed conflicts, asa factual, strategic and legal matter.The question of the temporal scope of application of international humanitarian law (IHL) is one of the most unsettled issue of IHL, while it may be the most problematic in the context of contemporary endless wars. In the aftermaths of Trump's announcement, French Defence minister Florence Parly acknowledged that the group had been significantly weakened, but said the battle was not over because the "Islamic State has not been wiped from the map, nor have its roots. The last pockets of this terrorist organization must be defeated militarily once and for all."This declaration, while not explicitly declaring commitment to a legal theory on the end of conflicts, deserves special attention as it reminds the language of the "no-reasonable-risk-of-resumption theory" according to which non-international armed conflicts end (and IHL ceases to apply in relation to it) where there is no reasonable risk of hostilities resuming. This theory, if the threshold to assess the absence of reasonable risk is set high – achieved once all members of the enemy group are annihilated – is the object of the present analysis.The goal of this blog, thereby, is not to attribute a legal theory to Francethat it has not explicitly adopted, but to investigate whatdoing so would entail.


An intelligent style music information search system and a method thereof are provided to generates a link map by using analyzed music properties and sets up the generated link map at an information display region so that a user may search desired music information. A display unit(10) provides music information to a user through a screen, and a user search interface providing unit(20) provides a screen of the display unit with a search region at which music information is provided. A user input interface unit(30) inputs a selecting pointer and a menu of a user in the user search interface. A music search control unit(40) provides not only a search based information by checking up link information depending on the position of the user selecting pointer, bus also the music information related to the search based information that the user selects. A music information storage unit(50) stores the music information.


Science education is one of the important subjects in the scientific structure studied in our world of education. During the Covid-19 pandemic by considering the condition of the readiness of supporting infrastructure for online learning implementation, IT-based teacher skills, and online learning evaluation, this science subject was transformed to students. The purpose of this study is to describe the planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring of Science Education, especially in public junior high schools in Lampung Province. This research is a qualitative research with an educational ethnography study design, and the research participants are principals of MKKS junior high schools in Lampung Province. This study used interviews, observations and documentation to collect data, which were then evaluated using the interactive model analysis. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) Natural Science lesson plans are prepared by taking into account student characteristics, materials, and the use of applications for learning implementation; (2) the organization of Natural Science learning begins with the formation of Whatsapp groups, the direction of learning meetings using Google Classroom and Google Meet by sharing links through Whatsapp groups; and (3) optimization of learning implementation in this science subject is still limited: 50% of public junior high schools in Lampung Province have limited internet bandwidth; (4) monitoring, science subject teachers have difficulty in conducting learning assessment because they cannot organize students in a perfect setting.


Twenty-four growing male rats of Wistar strain, weighing initially 120±3.5 g were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each and fed four different diets for 14 days: I - control diet (AIN-93G with soybean oil as a source of fat: 7 g/100 g), II - high-cholesterol diet (AIN-93G with soybean oil as a source of fat: 7 g/100 g + 1 g/100 g cholesterol), III - high-cholesterol diet (AIN-93G with lard as a source of fat: 7 g/100 g + + 1 g/100 g cholesterol), and IV - high-cholesterol diet (AIN-93G with lard as a source of fat: 7 g/100 g lard + 1 g/100 g cholesterol + 0.5 g/100 g cholic acid). On the day 14, the rats were anaesthetized and killed by withdrawing blood from the heart to obtain serum samples. The most striking increases (P<0.01) in the serum total and LDL+VLDL cholesterol were induced by the diet containing lard and supplemented with cholesterol + cholic acid (Group IV). Conversely, feeding the above diet to rats produced minimum (P<0.01) concentrations of the serum HDL cholesterol. It is concluded that the present animal model may be useful for evaluating the role of dietary factors in the development or regression of hypercholesterolemia.


In darkness, sporalation of Penicillium claviforme Bainier CBS strain 126–23 was uniform. A single 10 J m−2 blue light pulse (in the range 360 to 520 nm) was sufficient to elicit an endogenous zonation rhythm (coremia formation); the higher the fluence, the longer the rhythm expression. The period was 30 to 36 h as long as sufficient fluence rate (3 μW m−2 for broad band blue light and 18.1 nmol m−2 s−1 for wavelengths 433, 457 or 465 nm) was continuously maintained; this rhythm became desynchronized in about a week. The period increased rapidly and reached 72 to 120 h as soon as the fluence rate was too low or dark was established. The 445,479 and 495 nm radiations evoked the rhythm in pulse experiments, whereas the rhythm was immediately desynchronized in continuous light. The participation of two photosensitive reactions in the rhythm regulation of P. claviforme is postulated.


The invention relates to a method for carrying out physical preservation on kiwi fruits by using a modified atmosphere packaging technology. An efficient preservation effect is achieved by combining with an ethylene absorbent and through high-concentration CO2 and the reasonable proportion of CO2, O2 and N2; the mass preservation of the fresh kiwi fruits can achieve 6 months; the Vc loss ratio is smaller than or equal to 25%; the rotting rate is smaller than or equal to 10%; and the fruit hardness is greater than or equal to 5.0kg/cm . The fresh kiwi fruits are packaged by an independent small-batch physical preservation packaging manner in the implementation process; the interaction effect on the fruits in the large-scale preservation process is effectively reduced; and the preservation efficiency is greatly improved under the technical condition of ensuring the food safety.


Binder development and application to the briquetting or pelleting of coal fines has been extensive. The search for low-cost, effective binders for making strong and durable briquettes or pellets continues unabated. Strong, durable compacts are required, not only for handling, transport, and storage of the product but also to withstand the rigors of application such as flue gas treatment sorbents and catalytic supports. Many kinds of binders, organic and inorganic, have been used to gain the desired strength. Synthetic polymers have been investigated because they promote good strength and water insolubility, but these features are generally outweighed by the polymer cost. Promising earlier developments of biomass-derived binders have received slow market acceptance, mainly because of the cost resulting from the high concentrations required. However, recent advances in processing lignocellulosic materials have generated potentially low-cost polymeric binding agents for making coal briquettes. Phenol novolaks were previously used with lignites to make activated carbons. Recently, binders were prepared from mixtures of phenol, lignin, and formaldehyde and used for wood flour molding and friction materials. The goal of our work was to investigate the characteristics of resinous binders from lignocellulosic as well as coal-derived materials when used with dried or beneficiated coals andmore » chars.« less


In a new model reaction for biological mono-oxygenases, a 17O atom from 17O2 is directly incorporated into an aromatic ring as an hydroxy group via the novel 1:1 Ni–O2complexes (2) formally existing as Ni3+–O2–.


Operator error in petrographic point-count analysis introduces bias into the estimates o f proportion in a thin section. A correction for this bias, leading to an unbiased estimator o f the true proportion in that thin section, is here proposed. Operator error also affects the confidence interval, and in this situation, too, an adjustment is possible. The approach proposed requires that the probabilities associated with operator error, categorized into A-type and B-type errors, are known or assumed. The A-type operator error tends to underestimate the true proportion in a thin section, whereas the B-type operator error tends to overestimate it. K E Y WORDS: data processing, sampling, statistics, mineralogy, petrology, sedimentology.


On 31 August 1994, the Industrial Relations Centre at Victoria University of Wellington hosted "a function to mark'' the 100th anniversary of the passing through Parliament of the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act. Guests included present and retired employers, union officials, members of the judiciary and academics. Three speakers were invited to comment on the significance of the Act and their comments are reproduced below. Noel Woods is a former Secretary of Labour who, on his retirement from the Department of Labour, was appointed Visiting Fellow at the Industrial Relations Centre where he played a very important role in the Centre's early work. Ken Douglas is President of the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions. Anne Knowles is Deputy Chief Executive of the New Zealand Employers Federation. Both serve on the Industrial Relations Centre's Advisory Committee. These introductory notes were prepared for the Journal by Associate Professor Raymond Harbridge.


The invention discloses an electrochemical sterilization water treater. The electrochemical sterilization water treater comprises a water tank, at least one electrolytic cell, reverse electrode switches, a time relay and a power supply, wherein the water tank is sealed and non-transparent and is used for containing a salt solution, all the electrolytic cell are communicated with water through a pump, each electrolytic cell is provided with one reverse electrode switch connected with the two corresponding electrodes, and the time relay is used for controlling opening and closing of each reverse electrode switch and switching the two positive and negative electrodes of the corresponding electrolytic cell. According to the electrochemical sterilization water treater, the sealed and non-transparent water tank is adopted, and decomposition of generated sodium hypochlorite can be reduced; the salt solution is pumped into the electrolytic cells for a reaction through the pump, the number of the electrodes is greatly decreased, and the cost is reduced; each electrolytic cell is connected with one reverse electrode switch which is controlled by the time relay, switching of the positive and negative electrodes of each electrolytic cell can be achieved after the reaction is conducted for a certain time, and dirt and scaling dirt on cathodes can be effectively removed through instantaneously increased current of the electrodes; meanwhile, the corrosion rate and degree can be decreased through anodes, the service life of the electrolytic cell is prolonged, the structure is simple, and operation is convenient.


The maximum rang finding ability of laser range finder (LRF) is greatly influenced by various factors under field conditions, and these factors are changing constantly. In this paper, the advantages and shortcomings of traditional test method 'dissipated light power ratio method' through field object target are analyzed. A computerized instrument is developed, this instrument has no influence with field environment and characteristics of targets, it is simple, effective, accurate and quantitative to test comprehensive ability of range measurement which LRF system itself has. This paper introduces optimal formulas by use of computerized instrument to estimate the measuring rang of LRF, studied the theory of equations of measuring range by laser, and made a breakthrough of test method at program control of time-delay simulating space range and transmission and receiving of LRF under field conditions. This computerized test instrument has highly practical application and theoretical guiding meaning in demarcating checking and accepting of product produced by factories.


We analyze timing noise from five years of Arecibo and Green Bank observations of the seventeen millisecond pulsars of the North-American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) pulsar timing array. The weighted autocovariance of the timing residuals was computed for each pulsar and compared against two possible models for the underlying noise process. The first model includes red noise and predicts the autocovariance to be a decaying exponential as a function of time lag. The second model is Gaussian white noise whose autocovariance would be a delta function. We also perform a ``nearest-neighbor" correlation analysis. We find that the exponential process does not accurately describe the data. Two pulsars, J1643-1224 and J1910+1256, exhibit weak red noise, but the rest are well described as white noise. The overall lack of evidence for red noise implies that sensitivity to a (red) gravitational wave background signal is limited by statistical rather than systematic uncertainty. In all pulsars, the ratio of non-white noise to white noise is low, so that we can increase the cadence or integration times of our observations and still expect the root-mean-square of timing residual averages to decrease by the square-root of observation time, which is key to improving the sensitivity of the pulsar timing array.


How to create your digital image, how to make your publications visible, how to make them visit and publish you, how to do collaborative work. The challenges of the author who interacts in the scientific production process.


A realization of the flavor-democracy'' approach to quark and lepton masses is provided in the context of the standard model with a horizontal {ital S}{sub 3} permutation symmetry. In this model, {ital t} and {ital b} quarks pick up mass at the tree level, {ital c}, {ital s}-quark and {tau}-lepton masses arise at the one-loop level, {ital u}, {ital d}, and {mu} masses at the two-loop level, and the electron mass at the three-loop level, thus reproducing the observed hierarchial structure without fine tuning of the Yukawa couplings. The pattern of quark mixing angles also emerges naturally, with {ital V}{sub {ital u}{ital s}},{ital V}{sub {ital c}{ital b}}{approx}{ital O}({epsilon}), {ital V}{sub {ital u}{ital b}}{approx}{ital O}({epsilon}{sup 2}), where {epsilon} is a loop expansion parameter.


In this work, one carried out the Rietveld refinement to exactly identify the cation distribution of Ni-substituted MnZn ferrites. Then, one investigated the temperature dependence of Brillouin function based on the experimental and fitting molecule magnetic moment under the Neel model of collinear-spin ferrimagnetism.


This list highlights the 20 medical institutions that are the top producers of primary care graduates by percentage of total graduates, citing data from a recent study in Academic Medicine.


Interactions of electrolytes in a binary mixture can be determined by various techniques. Ultrasonic velocity measurements prove to be one of the important tools for measuring various acoustic properties at variable temperature. Thermo acoustic parameters like Isentropic compressibility (κs),Acoustic impedance (Z), Free volume (Vf), Absorption coefficient (Abscoeff), Intermolecular free length (Lf), Gibb's free energy (ΔG), Relaxation time (τ), Rao's constant (Rm), Internal pressure (πi), Wada's constant (w), and Entropy (H) for Tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu4NBPh4) and Tetrabuty lammonium perchlorate (Bu4NClO4) was calculated using experimental ultrasonic velocities, viscosities and densities at three different temperatures (298K, 308 K and 318K) and 1 atmospheric pressure in non-aqueous solvents like Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), Pyridine (Py) and their binary mixtures at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol% of Py at variable temperatures ranging from 298K to 318K. Both Bu4NBPh4, Bu4NClO4, showed an increase in the ultrasonic velocity values at all the temperatures. This shows that molecular interactions are taking place in both the electrolytes. These increases in the molecular interactions with increase in the concentration of electrolytes in the solvent mixture were discussed in terms of solvent structural effects. And results showed the greater molecular interaction in DMSO rich regions.


It offers a useful model, diverts excess heat from the working space under the table additive machines to create three-dimensional objects print. Technical result is directed at improving the efficiency of space insulation under a desk additive machines. The present heat sink means comprising an aluminum plate with supply points (8) and discharge (9) of coolant holes for supplying power (10) to the heating element (2) and the temperature sensor (7), and holes for fixing elements, comprises an inner passage coolant (6), wherein said internal passageway has a gothic tapered cross-sectional shape, whereby there is preferential removal of heat from areas desktop disposed closer to a portion of the channel with a large cross- cheniem (see. FIG. 1) and the zone of smaller cross-section inner conduit contribute to the gradient of the heat insulation and provides an active heat from the working space of the machine additive.


This paper describes a simple method of determination of bromide content when the bromide and thiocyanate coexist in the sample.The thiocyanate content determined by Spectrophotometry,and the gross of bromide and thiocyanate content in the sample determinded by Volhard method,and then accomplish the determination of the bromide content.


The paper analyzes the regulation of supervision in the feld of digital assets, which is carried out by the National Bank of Serbia and the Securities Commission. Despite the aspiration towards comprehensive supervision, it seems that the legislator has chosen several legal solutions, which create unnecessary confusion, leave vagueness, and in some places excessively narrow the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the subjects of supervision. Specifcally, it is a provision on the appropriate application of norms governing the jurisdiction of supervisory authorities in the event of the appearance of "mixed" digital assets. Te legislator left a number of unanswered questions there – the posibility of appropriate application of jurisdictional norms, resolution of conficts and conjunction of jurisdictions, as well as the creation of opportunities for confict of laws. Also questionable is the provision that leaves it to the supervisory authority's discretion to determine the measures and amount of fines imposed in the supervision procedure. This results in confusion regarding the conditions for the imposition of measures, on the one hand, and a significant narrowing of the possibilities for protecting the rights of the subjects of supervision, on the other hand.


The dynamic performance of the piezoelectric vibrator used in ultrasonic EDM machine in natural frequencies has a great effect on machining precision. Firstly, Through theoretical analysis the dynamic characteristics of the piezoelectric vibrator is obtained. Then the three-dimensional model of the piezoelectric vibrator is constructed by using PRO/E software, and model analysis is carried by using FEM software. Through theoretical analysis and FEM simulation, the appropriate working frequency and mode of the piezoelectric vibrator was found, and the piezoelectric vibrator was fabricated. Experimented results show that the model analysis of frequency is accord with that of FEM.


During the period of the World War Ⅱ,British policy towards Vichy regime experienced complex process.In order to occupy the predominance in naval force,the Royal Navy bombarded the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kebir.In economy,the blockade was applied to German-occupied Europe and the French possessions of North and West Africa.In respect of diplomacy,Britain kept in touch with Vichy France and remained ambiguous.The British policy was influenced by the aspects such as the complex international situation and American policy towards Vichy and British support for de Gaulle and so on.From the policy with cruel dilemmas,this study aims to find the essence of pursuing natural interests and the characteristic of realism and agility in British diplomacy.


Abstract The estimation of gas turbine engine weight during the preliminary or conceptual design phase is a key part of a Techno-economic Environmental Risk Analysis (TERA). Several methods that are available in the public domain are analysed and compared, in order to establish the physics driving them and their suitability for the weight estimation of modern gas turbine engines. Among the tested methods, only WATE managed to achieve acceptable accuracy for engine optimisation studies. This work demonstrates that the age and restrictions of existing 'whole engine based' methods, along with their dependency on old engine databases make them unsuitable for future and novel aero engines. A hybrid weight modelling approach is proposed as a solution permitting the creation of simple 'whole engine based' methods that do not depend on the availability of existing engine data, which are also subject to uncertainties and incoherencies.


We developed an automated approach to Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy (FCCS) to screen for molecular interactions in living cells (HCS-FCS). Similar to manual measurements, we had to address the effects of measurement artifacts. In this paper we used wavelet shrinking to correct for bleaching artifacts. Without correction, bleaching of both dyes used for cross-correlation measurements resulted in a cross-correlation signal indicating molecular interaction even if there was no interaction present in the sample. We used simulations to develop our new method. To evaluate our new approach in vivo we used two control strains in S. cerevisiae. The negative control contained the non-interacting fluorescence proteins eGFP and mCherry. As the positive control we used a tandem of these two proteins. We measured more than 2500 individual cells and demonstrated that we could reduce the erroneous cross-correlation signal of the negative control from 69% to 4% compared to the cross-correlation signal of the positive control in the mCherry channel and from 24% to 5% for the eGFP channel.


The paper aims at identifying and describing potential ways in which cultural elements are influencing fiscal behaviour within the European Union, in an attempt to find some of the structural causes underlying the fiscal issues that Member States are confronting. In an European economic environment characterized by highly heterogeneous fiscal behaviours on a national level, doubled by the membership (present or aimed) in the monetary union, understanding why Member States tend to adopt certain fiscal approaches (which sometimes are inconsistent with the Maastricht Criteria) represents a key requirement for the efficient continuation of the European economic integration process. By matching fiscal behaviour exhibited at both government and private sector levels with a set of national cultural dimensions, the study analyses the cultural/fiscal relationship, understanding its role in improving the European economic context by fostering a stronger European cultural identity that may lead to a more fiscally integrated EU.


Biomass fires emit large amounts of trace gases and aerosols and these emissions are believed to significantly influence the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the earth's climate system. At the Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory (FiSL), a MODIS direct broadcast (DB) receiving station is in place to demonstrate the potential for monitoring biomass burning in near-real-time and predicting the impact of fire emissions on air quality. A burn scar algorithm that combines active fire locations and burn scar detections for near 'real-time' measurement of fire burned areas has been developed at the Missoula FiSL. Daily wildfire burned areas in western US provide crucial input for a prototype fire emissions - smoke dispersion forecasting system.


For many years, the research on human pancreatic cancer has been based on the traditional two-dimensional metabolism model or genetic engineering mouse model. But these models can not accurately reflect the characteristics of pancreatic cancer and the status of pancreatic cancer microenvironment. As a novel three-dimensional culture technique in vitro, organoid has established reliable in vitro tumor models for pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, Barrett esophagus and many other diseases. It opens up a new horizon for studying the biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer, exploring more specific anti-pancreatic drugs and formulating individualized treatment schemes for pancreatic cancer. In this paper, the application of organoid technology in pancreatic cancer related research is analyzed and prospected.

Key words:
Organoid; Pancreatic cancer; Screening of anti-tumor drugs; Individualized treatment of pancreatic cancer


Recent technological advances have spurred interest in large wireless networks without fixed infrastructure. This work uses a random network model and characterizes the fundamental performance limits of such large wireless networks in terms of the scaling of optimal performance with the number of nodes in the network. The performance metrics include throughput (communication rate), delay, and energy consumption. It is shown that cooperation between nodes, by relaying data for each other, results in the best possible performance, although performance inevitably degrades as the number of nodes in the network increase.
Gupta and Kumar (2000) showed that in static networks, the highest achievable throughput is of order 1/nlogn . This work shows that for any lower throughput, the optimal delay is of order n times the throughput. This work also establishes the optimal trade-offs between throughput, delay, and energy consumption for static networks. Grossglauser and Tse (2001) showed that a constant throughput scaling is achievable in a network with mobile nodes, however, the corresponding delay was not known. This work models the mobility of nodes as a random walk on the discrete torus and shows that the corresponding delay is of order n log n. The optimal throughput-delay tradeoff for mobile networks is also established. For any throughput of order 1/nlogn or lower, the throughput-delay trade-off is the same as in static networks. Somewhat surprisingly, this trade-off reveals that any throughput higher than that achievable in static networks is accompanied by a delay of order n log n. The effect of restricted mobility on throughput and delay is also investigated. The techniques used to establish these results belong to several areas such as analysis of algorithms, probabilistic analysis, Markov chains., queuing theory, and random walks.


The main philosophical idea I test in this paper is that reliance on mathematical certainty, when applied in governance, can enhance both, the sovereignty of the state applying the technologies, and the personal autonomy of individuals in the state. When people have more certainty, they can make better decisions and be more in control of their lives. This could be one way to explain why societies benefit from well-executed and observable automated processes in governance, despite the scepticism in many parts of the world.


This paper describes a new algorithm for calculating all equations (direct and inverse transformation, convergence of meridians, linear distortion, calculus of surfaces, and arc‐to‐chord correction) for the Gauss–Krüger projection. Instead of using different equations for each problem, all the calculi are based on the equations used to obtain the direct transformation. These equations are also more accurate than previous ones and can be extended to an arbitrary width. This paper also explains how the Gauss–Krüger projection may satisfy the needs and requirements of civil engineers as well as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) users, particularly if extended beyond its usual 4° longitudinal range, and therefore can be used as a global reference system for GIS.


Abstract Background Delirium is a neuropsychiatric illness. It affects critically ill patients on ventilator and increases mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) level with delirium in critically obstetrics women and its role in prediction of delirium. Materials and methods Arospective observational study was conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU), and the duration of study was one year. Total 145 subjects were recruited, 33 patients were excluded, and 112 subjects were studied. For study, group A (n = 36) includes critically ill obstetric women who had delirium on admission; group B (n = 37) includes critically ill obstetric women who developed delirium within 7 days; and group C (n = 39) that includes critically ill obstetric women who did not develop delirium after follow-up of 7 days was served as control. Disease severity was assessed by using acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) was used to assess awakeness. In awake patients (RASS of ≥3), delirium was assessed by the use of confusion assessment method for ICU tools. C-reactive protein measured by particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay—two point kinetic method. Results The mean ages of group A, B, and C were 26.44 ± 4.72, 27.46 ± 4.97, and 28.26 ± 5.67 years, respectively. C-reactive protein levels on the day of delirium development (group B) were found to be significantly higher than day 1 CRP levels of groups A and C. The mean Global Attentiveness Rating (GAR) was significantly lower in groups A and B as compared to that in group C (p < 0.001). On evaluating the correlation of CRP with GAR, it was found to be inverse and mild in strength for the correlation between CRP and GAR (r = −0.403, p < 0.001). At a cut-off value of >181 mg/L, CRP had sensitivity of 93.2% and specificity of 69.2%. The positive predictive value was 85% and the negative predictive value was 84.4% that differentiate delirium from non-delirium. Conclusion C-reactive protein is a useful tool for screening and prediction of delirium in critically ill obstetric patients. How to cite this article Shyam R, Patel ML, Solanki M, Sachan R, Ali W. Correlation of C-reactive Protein with Delirium in Obstetrics Intensive Care Unit: A Tertiary Center Experience. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(5):315–321.