This study investigates the influence of Taiwan outward foreign direct investment (FDI) and location choices on yield spread. Evidence shows the amount of FDI located in developed economies is curvilinearly correlated with yield spread, consistent with the upstream-downstream argument. However, owing to cultural similarity and geographic proximity, the negative relationship between FDI and yield spread is found to be stronger in FDI in China than in FDI in the developed economies. Referring to information asymmetry we explore the impact of the choice to locate FDI in China on yield spread. Companies investing more in less-developed regions have higher yield spreads; however, this relationship is less pronounced for transparent companies.


A mass-conserving, mode-based elastohydrodynamic lubrication model, which includes combined effects of journal and sleeve elasticity, is described. Application to a sample cylindrical bearing system (geometrically similar to automotive main and connecting rod bearings) shows that relative displacement of an elastic journal and sleeve can be represented by a set of mode shapes which are qualitatively similar to those obtained with a rigid journal, while the corresponding mode eigenvalues are found to be dependent on journal elasticity, Performance evaluation under steady and pure squeeze loading shows that a sufficiently compliant hollow journal can reduce film pressure and improve film thickness when compared with its rigid counterpart.


The crystal structure of 21α-fluoro-7-norvouacapane-17β,21α-lactone, C20H25FO3, a new synthetic derivative of the diterpenoid 6α,7β-dihydroxyvouacapan-17β-oic acid isolated from Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth fruits, is described.


Recently Neural Architecture Search has drawn interest from researchers because of its ability to learn neural network architectures from data automatically. The differentiable methods are widely used because they can obtain better architectures with less computational resources. However, the method is with a mismatch between training and inference. In training process, we minimize the loss on the expected output of an ensemble of models, whereas we infer a single model at test time. In this paper we present a topology-sensitive approach to neural architecture search. Unlike previous work, we do not resort to the search strategy that works in a different scope of architecture topologies with inference. Instead, the topology of a neural network is explicitly modeled in the training/search process. We experiment with our method on the PTB and WikiText language modeling tasks. On the PTB dataset, it outperforms several strong baselines. Also, the newly-found architecture shows good transferability to named entity recognition and machine translation tasks. In particular, experimental results show our method outperforms the strong baseline by a BLEU score of 0.6 on IWSLT15 English-Vietnamese task and a BLEU score of 0.9 on WMT14 English-German task.


We used a pulsed green laser to activate indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors (IGZO TFTs). The IGZO films with large bandgaps (>3 eV) were easily activated by heat delivered by a pulsed green laser to the gate, source, and drain metal electrodes. The IGZO TFTs were quickly and selectively activated in the absence of conventional annealing. Compared to the IGZO TFTs that were annealed at 300°C, the IGZO TFTs that were activated via pulsed green laser irradiation exhibited superior electrical characteristics: a field effect mobility of 11.98 ± 0.64 cm2 V−1 s−1, a subthreshold swing of 0.33 ± 0.02 V dec−1, and an on/off ratio of 8.28 × 109 ± 7.42 × 109, which were attributable to increases in the number of metal–oxide (M-O) bonds and oxygen vacancies, and reduced levels of OH-related species. The pulsed green laser broke weak chemical M-O bonds in the IGZO films through dihydroxylation of the OH-related species, and then strengthened the residual M-O bonds via heat transfer from the metal electrodes. This new activation process could replace conventional annealing and is expected to expand the applications of flexible and transparent devices.


Copigments are colourless substances which can form a coloured cluster with anthocyanins. The colour changes in fruits, vegetables and flowers may be caused by these reactions between anthocyanins and various organic compounds present in higher plants. In this study copigmentation of anthocyanin in Seedles Red grape were investigated with chlorogenic acid copigment. The dependence of the copigmentation process on the heating, UV and copigment concentration was studied. Five levels of copigment concentrations as: 0, 120, 240, 480, 960 (mg/l) were examined. The copigmentation effect increased with copigment contain. During UV irradiation, anthocyanincopigmentation complex showed higher stabilityin comparison with anthocyanins. Also UV irradiation has the biggest effect on the copigmentation complex in comparision with heating.


A Theory of Justice That famous question As offences go, a box on the ear (Latin: alapa, slap) might be considered relatively trifling, and indeed, in one place in this work the injury is described as slight, so your reaction should be moderate. But this is not the last word on the subject. Many centuries before Grotius (1583–1645) and many centuries afterwards, a box on the ear or, more to the point, a slap in the face was the most grievous of all insults – though giving a man the lie could be on a par with it – and, as Hobbes observed, most men prefer to lose their lives, not to mention their peace, rather than suffer insult. Anselm Feuerbach noted, about 150 years later, that according to many authors, a slap in the face gives one the right to kill ('das Recht zu töden um einer Ohrfeige willens'). When Grotius enters into a detailed discussion of the case, he does not deny that a man in danger of receiving a slap in the face has the right even to kill the person who attempts this, as far as strict justice is concerned. Such a reaction is indeed permitted by the Law of Nature. He adds, however, that God, in the Law of the Gospel, has prohibited it. There is no contradiction in this: to kill the offender is a sin, but from the standpoint of natural justice it is not an iniuria; that is, it is not a wrong, so, from that standpoint, it is permissible. British Journal for the History of Philosophy 15(2) 2007: 365 – 381


as an object-oriented system wide,large engineering project,construction quality directly affect the development of construction and the state of our socialist economy.Reduce construction engineering quality,will directly affect the use of building air,will also increase the improvement of repair and the structure of the cost in the process of using.Construction engineering quality depends largely on the management of the construction project.This paper will briefly explains the current situation of construction project management,and put forward the suggestions for improvement,for reference.


A detailed multiwavelength study of the properties of the triple-peaked active galactic nucleus (AGN) Mrk 622 showing different aspects of the nuclear emission region is presented. Radio, near- and mid-infrared, optical, and X-ray data have been considered for the analysis. In the optical, the WHAN diagnostic diagrams show that the three nuclear peaks are strong active galactic nuclei since the equivalent width of H α is > 6 Å  and log  [N ii] λ6584/H α  ratio is > −0.4. Optical variability of both the continuum flux and intensity of the narrow emission lines is detected in a time span of 13 yr. The size of the narrow-line region is found to be 2.7 pc, with a light-crossing time of 8.7 yr. Analysis done to an archival Hubble Space Telescope image at 1055.2 nm shows that the host galaxy has a 3.6 kpc inner bar with PA  =  74°, faint spiral arms, and a pseudobulge, evolving through secular processes. High-resolution mid-infrared images obtained with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) and the instrument CanariCam show that the nuclear emission at 11.6 $\rm{\mu m}$ is not spatially resolved. Very Large Array archival observations at 10 GHz reveal a core source with a total flux density of 1.47 ± 0.03 mJy. The spectral index of the core between 8 and 12 GHz is −0.5 ± 0.2, characteristic of AGN. The core deconvolves into a source with dimensions of 82 ± 13 mas $\, \times \,$ 41 ± 20 mas, and a PA = 70  ±  18 deg, which suggests that the core is elongated or that it is constituted by multiple components distributed along a ∼65° axis.


Sutong Yangtze Bridge is the cable-stayed bridge under construction with the longest span at present across the world. The north main pier is in the deepwater area of the Yangtze River, the foundation of which is high-piled bearing platform structure. According to the requirement of design and in combination with site condition, the scheme of bored platform is compared and optimized.


Abstract : An equipment system is described that can be used to obtain high-temperature physical property data on refractory materials by means of laser heating. Properties that can be measured are: vapor pressure of solid and liquid phases; relative rate of vaporization; and emission spectra from solid and vapor phases. Solid phases can be studied by splat cooling of the liquid and quench cooling of the solid and vapor. Temperature can be measured both pyrometrically and spectroscopically. In addition, the effects produced by heating a material in an atmosphere of controlled composition and pressure can be studied. The equipment system described here was designed to obtain data on the phase behavior of carbon in the 3500 to 4700 K temperature range, a temperature range for which there is no material that can be used to contain carbon to measure vapor pressure, phase transitions, and melting point by the conventional methods. The CO2 laser was used for heating.


Journal Article - Colonial and state boundaries in Australia - Arrowsmith's Australian Maps - Arrowsmith's Australian Maps is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of SUBJECT with links to related articles and images. ADD MORE DESCRIPTION AS REQUIRED


The thermal conductivity is an important parameter for the assessment of the FBR fuel thermal behavior during irradiation. In this study, the effect of burn-up on the thermal conductivity of FBR MOX fuel is investigated experimentallly. The thermal diffuvitiy of FBR fuel with a burn-up of 13 at% was measured by the laser flash technique and the thermal conductivity was deduced. It is shown that the thermal conductivity is higher than could be predicted with correlations issued from LWR UO 2 and MOX results. This effect is interpreted as being due to the diffusion of fission products out of the fuel matrix, leading to the formation of the JOG.


EFFECTS OF A POSITIVE PEER REPORTING INTERVENTION ON PROSOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN A GENERAL EDUCATION CLASSROOM by Camela Y. Johnson Methods for promoting prosocial behavior in educational settings are many and varied. This literature review presents a context for defining and understanding prosocial behavior, including comparisons and contrasts with other behavioral concepts and terms. Understanding peer factors in the development of prosocial behavior can enhance the development and implementation of peer-based interventions. The four main types of peer-based interventions discussed are cooperative-learning groups, group-contingency plans, peer helpers, and positive peer reporting. Each of these interventions has a place in educational settings and should be utilized with social context and individual student characteristics in mind. Behavioral interventions that improve the overall classroom learning environment and are simple to implement and maintain are highly desirable for large general education settings. The accompanying study investigated the effects of a positive peer reporting (PPR) intervention on the social interactions of a group of 2 nd grade general education students by using a modified replication of methods from the Grieger, Kaufman, and Grieger (1976) study. This study evaluated the effects of a peer reporting intervention on students' social interactions. A withdrawal design was used to evaluate the changes in the level of students' prosocial interactions across baseline and intervention phases. Visual analysis of the data across phases indicated that the number of intervals in which students engaged in prosocial interactions increased during the intervention phases, most notably after the initial implementation of the PPR intervention. Social validity data gathered from the participating teacher, students, and parents, indicated positive attitudes about the intervention and its impact on student behavior. These results add to the existing body of literature which demonstrates the success of PPR interventions for increasing students' level of prosocial behaviors. EFFECTS OF A POSITIVE PEER REPORTING INTERVENTION ON PROSOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN A GENERAL EDUCATION CLASSROOM by Camela Y. Johnson


PURPOSE: A character inputting method based on a touch and drag method is provided to input nine different characters by touching and pushing one character inputting key on a touch screen. CONSTITUTION: When a hand of a user touches a character inputting key on a touch screen, the inputting operation with respect to a character is inactivated. The inputting operation with respect to the character is activated if the user releases the hand from the touch screen or pushes the hand to the upper and lower directions and to left and right directions(1 to 9) after the touch screen is touched.


Acceleration and deceleration control is one of the key technologies in the development of CNC system.Continuous multi-line processing is the intending direction and request for the development of high-speed machining.In this paper,a new velocity profile with an improved linear acceleration/deceleration combined with filtering technology and look-ahead technology is proposed for the motion planning.It has machining attributes like being simple,smooth,steady,high-speed,and continuous.This method achieved the continuous interpolation motion control for multi-line machining.It enhances the working efficiency as well as smoothes the CNC machine tool vibration which is induced by an acceleration break during the traditional linear acceleration/deceleration period.This paper involves this method's emulational experiment,and the its outcome shows that this method for high-speed machining is feasible and effective.


OBJECTIVE
To report the technique, surgical approach, and postoperative features in horses treated via a 3-dimensional (3D) printed guide-assisted keratoma resection created using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based segmentation.

ANIMALS
Five client-owned horses.

STUDY DESIGN
Short case series.

METHODS
Horses were placed under general anesthesia for imaging (CT and MRI) and underwent a second anesthesia for surgery. Two horses had guides created from CT-based imaging, 3 horses had guides created from MRI. Various sized nonarbored hole saws were used to create accurate and precise portals for keratoma removal. Surgical sites were managed until keratinized granulation tissue had formed and the defect was sealed with an artificial hoof wall patch.

RESULTS
All keratomas were successfully removed as a single piece either intact with the hoof wall or easily extracted after the hoof wall portal was created, in a surgical time between 20 and 90 min. All CT created guides fitted without issue; MRI-created guides required minor adjustments with a Dremel device for proper fit. All cases had minor debridement adjacent to P3 and circumferential lamellar tissue. All horses returned to previous level of performance 2 to 4 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSION
Use of 3D printed guides led to accurate targeting of keratomas with small surgical portals and short surgical times. Due to challenges with MRI-based segmentation, CT is preferred.


The web-encased steel-concrete composite(WESCC) beam is a new type of steel-concrete composite beams.In order to investigate the flexural performance of web-encased steel-concrete composite beams under static load,experiments of six simply supported web-encased steel-concrete composite beam specimens were conducted.In these experiments,the effects of load shear-span ratio and steel sections type on the static behaviors such as failure modes,failure mechanism and bearing capacity were all investigated.During the experiments,the mechanical behaviors including the cracking pattern,deflection developing law and the distribution of steel and concrete's strains of different composite beam specimens were measured and analyzed.Stiffness and load-carrying capability of there types WESCC beams were focused on and emphasized.From the experimental results,it was denoted that all the six WESCC beams failed in bending mode and the degree of combination between the bottom armor plate of steel shape and concrete were very well without any evident slippage existing,which demonstrated that the function of bottom armor plate and web were fully exerted in the WESCC beams.It could be concluded the WESCC beams have high stiffness,high load carrying capacity and well ductility.And it will be helpful for the design and application of this new type of composite beams.


The traditional clinical decision-making was typically a one-way process dominated by physicians. This neglects of other stakeholders' input caused problems in patients' discontent and medical costs. This article presents two multi-criteria methods, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) to incorporate various decision factors of medical, economic and clinical aspects, quantified and combined for the consensus in intervention selection. More specifically we study the selection of three conventional interventions for type-2 diabetes including change of life-style, metformin usage, and insulin injection treatment.


The main purpose of the present paper was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and self-regulated learning strategies of UKM undergraduate students. The self efficacy construct included three sub-scales: control self-efficacy, performance learning efficacy, and self efficacy encouragement. The achievement motivation construct contained three sub-scales namely; mastery goals, performance goals, and avoidance goals. The learning strategies construct comprise 6 sub-scales: rehearsal strategies, elaboration strategies, organizational strategies, meta cognitive self-regulation strategies, time and study environment management strategies, and help seeking regulation strategies. 300 undergraduate students participated in the study using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis to answer the research Question: Is there any relationship between the selfefficacy beliefs, the achievement motivation, the self learning strategies, and academic achievement of the UKM undergraduate students? Empirically, the CFA results indicated that there was a considerable relationship between the self-efficacy beliefs, the achievement motivation, and the self learning strategies confirming the argument of literature


The Statistical Reporting Service (SRS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture uses data from earth-observation satellites to decrease the variance of survey estimates of crop areas. This is accomplished by using a regression estimator in which the enumerated survey item ~s the primary variable and some transformation of the satellite data is the auxiliary variable. The auxiliary variable currently used by SRS is the sample-unit aggregation of the results from discriminant analysis performed on the satellite data. This study investigates an alternative auxiliary variable--the sample-unit aggregation of estimated posterior probabilities. We derive formulas for the expected variance of the regression estimator in terms of population characteristics and information measures for the two auxiliary variables. The two auxiliary variables are compared using the developed formulas.


Our traditional subject course system of accounting computerization specialty can't fundamentally meet the requirement of career growth,enterprise development and industry development.We advance a systematic course system based on working process of accounting computerization specialty,set up systematic teaching practice system and platform,compile characteristic series of teaching material,and use the action-oriented mode in our teaching.The projects link up theory with practice,and content with real working conditions in vocational education,so that students can be trained to form integrated vocational abilities.This projects have acquired good effect and been widely promoted.So the professional curriculum revolution in higher vocational colleges can take examples from it.


The morphology and reproductive system in Rhynchorus ferrugineus was described.The results showed that the body length of Rhynchorus ferrugineus is from 19mm to 34mm,the body width is from 8mm to 15mm and Rhynchorus ferrugineus is reddish brown.The male internal reproductive organ is composed of two testicles,vasa deferentia,seminal vesicle,ejaculatory and accessory glands;the female internal reproductive organ includes in two ovaries,two lateral oviducts,one common oviduct,spermatheca etc.


OBJECTIVE?To isolate functional human acety lcholine receptor (hAChR).?METHODS?The TE?671 cell line, which express hAChR, were cultured in large-scale in roller bottles, and from w hich the extract of hAChR was isolated. The binding activity of the extract of hAChR to anti-hAChR antibody was determined by using radioimmunoassay.? RESUL TS?The extract of hAChR was able to bind to anti-hAChR antibody wi th h igh binding activity. The yield was 1 8×10 10 hAChR molecules in per 100 ?μL ex tract.? CONCLUSION ?The extract of hAChR from TE?671 cell l in e is functional and can be used as antigen in the study of myasthenia gravis.


All of us have built up in imagination a picture of what has happened in the occupied countries of Europe these three years. In a recent speech, Anthony Eden summed it up in the phrase, "stripped and battered out of shape." But it is of more personal interest to try and picture what must have happened, not in the big things, but as affects our own particular craft of radiology—whether diagnosis or therapy. The situation must be bad now. It is unlikely that it has even yet reached its worst. We can be sure from what little we know that just after the war a deplorable state of affairs will exist in what were formerly highly organised areas. Most of us feel certain that the Allied Powers will plan early to meet the primary needs of the situation—feeding, clothing, re-opening of trade and the broad issues of social reconstruction. But the lesser things, though big in themselves, will take a very long time. One of these lesser needs—lesser only in relation to the great primary needs—will be to build up again p...


The influence of samples of 4 innovative materials developed at the Belarusian National Technical University on the basis of basalt fiber with additives of porcelain, oxides of copper, iron, and zirconium on the transplanted culture of cattle kidney cells was evaluated in this work.
During the experiments, it was determined that the sample containing basalt, 4 % of porcelain and 4 % of FeO does not have a negative effect on the culture of MDBK cells. The material of this sample is promising for further use as a carrier for substrate-dependent cell cultures.
Sample materials showing a pronounced cytotoxic effect (basalt + 4 % porcelain + 4 % CuO, basalt + 4 % porcelain + 8 % CuO, basalt + 4 % ZrO2 + 4 % CuO) can be considered for the manufacture of bactericidal filters. This action is explained, obviously, by the manifested biocidal properties of copper, which is part of their composition.


Introduction Surveys of undergraduates taking our graphics courses have indicated that the majority of learner difficulties come not in understanding the concepts of graphics algorithms, but rather in the translation of those algorithms into specific working programs. Thus, most students found our set of interactive visualizations of graphics algorithms and exercises using commercial and shareware software to be somewhat helpful but fundamentally lacking because they did not aid the students in developing and debugging code. Motivated by this feedback (yet remaining convinced of the value of visualizations and non-programming exercises), we have developed a framework for creating graphics programs, experiments and visualizations within a modular visualization environment. Our system unifies and expands upon a number of prior efforts to explain the concepts, visualize the operation and simplify the coding of graphics algorithms. Like the systems developed by Schweitzer [7] and Naiman [5], it can be used to prepare scripted or interactive visualizations of graphics algorithms. In a manner similar to the approaches proposed by Clevenger et al [I], Grissom [3] and especially Land [4], it can be used to delay or hide the presentation of low-level, system-specific code. As suggested by Schweitzer and Northrop [8], it permits a great deal of flexibility in the design of assignments to allow students to "get to the 'graphics' in a graphics exercise" Finally, the visualizations created by our system may be exported as images, movies or VRML files to permit possible inclusion in graphics hypertext/hypermedia projects such as those developed by Owen [6] and Shabo et al [9]. best fit a specific application area and can program new modules to supplement the existing libraries [2].What makes such environments most inviting for graphics programming is their support for high-level 3D graphics primitives. Our initial goal was to provide support for the two major emphases of our courses: the 3D raster-scan pipeline and ray tracing. For these purposes, we have found the data types and many of the modules available in Iris Explorer to be usable "as is" The lattice data type is suitable for handling two-dimensional arrays (frame and depth buffers, transformation matrices, texture maps) while the geometry data type (an adaptation of the Open Inventor 3D library) can handle a variety of geometric primitives along with camera, lighting and material information. Modules were developed to perform specific graphics functions (e.g. generate rays, check for intersections, perform clipping, calculate i l luminat ion) and can be combined with existing rendering and file input/output modules to create high-level graphics programs.The image processing modules included with Explorer have proven to be convenient tools for analyzing and comparing images. Finally, to facilitate algorithm visualization and visual debugging, we created a set of modules to allow internal objects and structures (e.g. rays, depth buffers, lighting models) to be rendered explicitly. The resulting system provides a single, unified environment which is powerful and flexible enough to address many of the computerbased tasks in a graphics course. In the next section, we illustrate a number of applications of the system and describe its major benefits.


ABSTRACT Estimating terrestrial water storage (TWS) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) solutions is an essential technique for water resources management. TWS estimation accuracy from the GRACE spherical harmonic coefficients (SHCs) is limited by the north–south stripes noise. We developed an iterative filtering (IF) method with high accuracy and efficiency to extract TWS signals in the Amazon Basin . The results show that the root mean squared error of TWS anomalies calculated using IF is ~52% smaller than FM (forward modelling) in synthesized data, while the signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of TWS anomalies calculated using IF is improved by ~30%. The annual amplitude of TWS anomalies using IF (10.51 ± 0.28 cm) is close to the true signal (10.57 ± 0.28 cm). From the real GRACE experiment, both FM and IF can extract most of the TWS signals. However, the IF's anti-noise ability (i.e., average SNR = 24.08) is significantly better than FM's ability (average SNR = 19.01), which indicates the result using IF can achieve the equivalent level of accuracy as mass concentration solutions in the Amazon Basin. Thus, the IF is a robust and efficient method for extracting TWS signals in the Amazon Basin from GRACE SHCs.


Zea mays L., Stigma maydis is a waste product of corn cultivation with good therapeutic applications against several debilitating diseases. This study evaluated the safety of its aqueous extract on key metabolic markers of Wistar rats using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. In the acute toxicity test, single oral administration of 5000 mg/kg body weight of the extract was given to the animals and observation was made for 14 days. The repeated dose toxicity study was conducted via daily oral administration of graded concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg) of the extract for 28 days. Clinical toxicity signs, behavioural changes, haematological, and biochemical parameters were thereafter evaluated. The extract at 5000 mg/kg produced no treatment-induced signs of toxicity, behavioural changes or mortality in the animals. Thus, its LD50 was estimated to be above 5000 mg/kg. In the repeated dose toxicity study, treatments with the extract revealed no significant difference in haematological and clinical biochemistry parameters. However, at 500 mg/kg, the extract significantly increased the body weight, the exploratory ability as well as serum concentrations of leukocytes and platelets of the treated animals compared to the control group. Cage side observations recorded no treatment-mediated signs of toxicity and macro-histopathological examinations of all the investigated organs also revealed no obvious morphological alterations. Overall, the effects elicited by the aqueous extract of Z. mays, S. maydis suggest that it is unlikely to be toxic to the investigated tissues and may be labelled and classified as practically non-toxic within the tested doses and period of investigation.


Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the nephrotoxicity of nano-sized TiO_2 by metabonomic approach.Methods Male Wistar rats were intravenously injected with nano-sized TiO_2 particles at doses of 1,5,15 mg/kg body weight and micro-sized TiO_2 particles at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight.One group treated with vehicle was used as the control.The effects of particles on the renal function were studied after 21 days administration.Urine samples for 24 h were collected through the whole experiment every day and its()~1H-NMR spectra were acquired,and subjected to data process and principal component analyses(PCA).At end of the study,plasma was collected and its()~1H-NMR spectra were acquired,and subjected to data process and Partial-Least-Squares Discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).And all animals were taken blood biochemical analysis and liver histopathology examination.Results Twenty-one day treatment resulted in increases of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine(CREA).The histopathological examination showed tubular damages after treatment with nano-sized TiO_2 particles.()~1H NMR spectroscopy analyses revealed the changes of acetic acid and trimethylamine oxide concentrations in urine and plasma.Conclusion The effect of nano-sized TiO_2 on the rat urine and plasma metabonomic profile are related with nano-sized TiO_2 nephrotoxicity,which support the contention that the metabonomic approach represents a promising new technology for the toxicology research of nano-sized particals.


A kit comprises a ridge tile clip (160) and a weather strip (100 where the clip includes a body (162, figure 16), two legs (164, 166, figure 16) each having a waist region (165, 167, figure 17) and being connected to the body such that each leg is bendable with respect to the body and a fixing receiving portion (172, figure 16) located on one side of the body and where the weather strip includes a planar member (119) with an upstanding web and projections extending from the opposing sides of the top of the web, the web having a fixing receiving portion. Preferably the weather strip web comprises a plurality of spaced fingers and the planar member includes at least one low wall defining a run off channel (68, Figure 10). Preferably the legs of the clip are hinged to the body. In use, the waist portions of a ridge clip allow the legs to be trapped between adjacent roof battens (180, 182), the weather strip locates around the edges of adjacent ridge tiles (figure 5), sealing the gap there between and the fixing receiving portions of both the clip and strip line up to receive a screw (184) to secure the ridge tiles to the roof.


Advanced modeling and design efforts for many aerospace components require high temperature emittance data. Applications requiring emittance data include propulsion systems, radiators, aeroshells, heatshields/thermal protection systems, and leading edge surfaces. The objective of this work is to provide emittance data at ultra-high temperatures. MSFC has a new instrument for the measurement of emittance at ultra-high temperatures, the Ultra-High Temperature Emissometer System (Ultra-HITEMS). AZ Technology Inc. developed the instrument, designed to provide emittance measurements over the temperature range 700-3500K. The Ultra-HITEMS instrument measures the emittance of samples, heated by lasers, in vacuum, using a blackbody source and a Fourier Transform Spectrometer. Detectors in a Nicolet 6700 FT-IR spectrometer measure emittance over the spectral range of 0.4-25 microns. Emitted energy from the specimen and output from a Mikron M390S blackbody source at the same temperature with matched collection geometry are measured. Integrating emittance over the spectral range yields the total emittance. The ratio provides a direct measure of total hemispherical emittance. Samples are heated using lasers. Optical pyrometry provides temperature data. Optical filters prevent interference from the heating lasers. Data for Inconel 718 show excellent agreement with results from literature and ASTM 835. Measurements taken from levitated spherical specimens provide total hemispherical emittance data; measurements taken from flat specimens mounted in the chamber provide near-normal emittance data. Data from selected characterization studies will be presented. The Ultra-HITEMS technique could advance space and missile technologies by advancing the knowledge base and the technology readiness level for ultra-high temperature materials.


― Kudoosis of marine fish is caused by the multivalvulid myxosporean parasites belonging to the genus Kudoa (Myxozoa). Muscular kudoosis generally lowers the commercial value of host fish, while brain and pericardial kudoosis may directly affect the health conditions of infected fish. Recent topics on Kudoa septempunctata causing the food poisoning of humans which consume raw olive flounder have presented a new threat to public health. The bi-phasic life cycles of bivalvulid myxosporeans alternating fish and annelid hosts have been revealed, but the lack of knowledge on the life cycles of multivalvulid myxosporeans is hindering the progress of Kudoa research. In this paper, several major kudoosis including K. amamiensis , K. iwatai , K. thyrsites , K. septempunctata , K. yasunagai and K. shiomitsui in Japanese fishes are reviewed from the viewpoint of the disease history, pathobiology, diag-nosis, and the control measures.


A study was performed in order to assess the efficacy of using fast neutron irradiation, either alone or in conjunction with megavoltage photons, in treating Grades III and IV astrocytomas. The study encompasses fifteen patients with Grade III lesions and twenty‐two patients with Grade IV lesions. Various fractionation schemes are described. Only one patient is still alive at the present time. Regarding the other patients, the mean survival after completing therapy was 10.8 months for those patients with Grade III lesions and 7.5 months for those patients with Grade IV lesions. Particularly for Grade III lesions, the average survival was appreciably less than that of patients treated with photons alone. The treated patients also had no noticeable improvement in quality of survival when compared with the results of conventional photon irradiation. There was no appreciable difference in survival between the group treated with neutrons alone or with mixed (neutron/photon) irradiation. Autopsy data on fifteen patients showed gross tumor progression in only one instance, and this patient also had liver metastases. In the other fourteen cases, the gross tumor volume was replaced by coagulation necrosis. In general, there were some abnormal cells intermixed with the regions of coagulation. These cells are currently felt to be reactive astrocytes. Both a diffuse gliosis and a white matter demyelination were found in regions far from the tumor volume and this presumably is related to the ultimate cause of death.


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Your Excellencies, Honourable Colleagues, Ministers, Distinguished Diplomats Ladies and Gentlemen We have reached the end of a historic occasion for the people of the Caribbean and of Africa.


The La Luna Formation, in the San Miguel river section, is characterized by black marlstones interbedded with black limestones deposited under anoxic/dysoxic conditions in the upper neritic to upper bathyal environment. Changes in foraminifera assemblages provide insights into factors that influenced the accumulation of organic-rich deposits during Santonian time. The benthic foraminifera data suggests that the general trend in the accumulation of carbon-rich deposits in this region was mainly controlled by variations in dissolved oxygen at the sediment-water interface in the early Santonian. During the late Santonian a cooling-trend in global climate increased wind strength and upwelling, this change probably reduced runoff causing a weakening of the pycnocline and destabilized the stratification in the water column, decreasing the total organic carbon preservation in a shallower basin. Global climate change and the establishment of full mid- and deep-water exchange in response to the deepening and widening of the Equatorial Atlantic Gateway could have been important mechanisms for ending the region-wide anoxia that was common in northern South America during the Late Cretaceous.


Static and dynamic typing have different strengths and weaknesses. Gradual typing allows a programmer to combine statically and dynamically typed sections of code in one program. This allows the best typing choice for each part of the code. Sadly, the advantages of efficient program execution that come with static typing do not yet carry over to a gradual typing system. This is because no optimizations have yet been proposed that take advantage of the type information present in this context. In this work, we propose optimizations for gradually typed applications, focused on four areas: optimizing method lookup, optimizing type checking, breaking encapsulation and improving infrastructure. We also propose how we are going to validate these optimizations.


RC active networks are described which use a voltage or current amplifier of gain larger than unity. The amplifiers are made to (a) produce a negative one-port immittance, and (b) provide isolation between separate stages of the network. This effectively gives RC active networks synthetised by the same methods, with the same performance as conventional ±RC networks, but having only half their number of active units.


This paper presents a full wave method for the determination of the mathematical model of a 3D waveguide structure in the form of the pole expansion in the s‐plane of its generalized admittance matrix. The method is based on a boundary integral‐resonant mode expansion approach. By the introduction of appropriate state‐variables, the method leads to the pole expansion by solving a linear generalized eigenvalue problem, like in the well‐known techniques used up to now in frequency/time domain modelling based on finite difference or finite element methods. With respect to these methods we have the advantage of a significant reduction in both memory allocation and computing time. Two examples show the accuracy of the results and the efficiency of the method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Generally, stacking two quantum spin Hall insulators gives rise to a trivial insulator. Here, based on first-principles electronic structure calculations, we confirm that monolayer TaIrTe$_{4}$ is a quantum spin Hall insulator and remarkably find that bilayer TaIrTe$_{4}$ is still a quantum spin Hall insulator. Theoretical analysis indicates that the covalent-like interlayer interaction in combination with the small bandgap at time-reversal invariant $\Gamma$ point results in new band inversion in bilayer TaIrTe$_{4}$, namely, the emergence of quantum spin Hall phase. Meanwhile, a topological phase transition can be observed by increasing the interlayer distance in bilayer TaIrTe$_{4}$. Considering that bulk TaIrTe$_{4}$ is a type-II Weyl semimetal, layered TaIrTe$_{4}$ thus provides an ideal platform to realize different topological phases at different dimensions.


Using a variety of methods phenol water clusters n O 7, are investigated with a focus on 2n , A comprehensive search for low-energy isomers is conducted on a polarizable intermolecular 25, 6 . potential energy surface. Zero-point energy contributions are calculated rigorously with the rigid-body quantum Monte Carlo method. The OH stretch vibrational spectra of the isomers are calculated using a local-mode model and compared with experimental isomer-selective IRÈUV spectral hole burning (SHB) spectra. The topology of the clusters is shown in deviate from the corresponding pure water 25, 6 clusters.


This study examines the factors influencing the intention to use Islamic mobile banking services. In this study, factors influencing millennials' interest in using Islamic mobile banking are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudes towards behaviour, subjective norms and behavioural control. This research is a development of previous research, which also uses a combination model of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior). Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS Software version 3.0 and IBM SPSS 25. The results of this study indicate that perceived ease of use, perceived benefits, attitude to use, and behavioural control influence students' interest in using Islamic mobile banking. Meanwhile, subjective norms do not affect students' interest in using sharia mobile banking. The implications of this research are relevant for bank management, strategic divisions, marketing and mobile banking analysts to pay attention to the factors influencing individual interest in using mobile banking in developing their information systems.


In 1936 Richardson' showed that uracil was essential for the anaerobic growth of Staphylococcus aureus, but not for aerobic grpwth of the same organism. Of five strains tested three required uracil, while one required both guanine and uracil for growth.


This article reviews the impact of commercial real estate (CRE hereafter) on macro-financial stability and gives some ideas, how central banks could deal with the risk. First, we present the main features of the CRE market, explain its cycle and outline risks related to this market. Its relation to the financial sector is discussed. Further on, basing on the experience of some countries with CRE crises, we critically assess the reactions of their central banks. The characteristics of the CRE market are presented on the case of Poland, because it is a fast growing market. Its analysis should simplify the understanding why the CRE market should be tracked by the central bank. Finally, we present some ideas for the data collection and analysis of the CRE market. Further on, we provide some hints for the macroeconomic and financial stability policy of central banks, which should help to reduce risk and at the same time enhance the growth of the CRE market.


In this paper a new kind of unit-prefabricated building is shown. The unit-prefabricated buildings are made up living unit, energy unit, water unit. The each unit was adapted new combine structure function as a high flexible design type. Moreover the design trend implemented the energy insulation, Solar PV panels, Energy storage system which are maintained for zero energy buildings. We made a prototype for zero energy flexible residential unit. The first step, we was evaluated physical performance and living environment, insulation, airtightness, thermal environmental, acoustic performance. The second step we was evaluated energy performance building to design heating and cooling system to combined PV, ESS system in the different plan type, and climate. As a results, The insulation performance wall was 0.18 W/(m2•K). The results of air-tightness was 12.13 ACH@50 (1/h). Further research we develop the structure and construction technology for zero energy flexible unit. To designed the high performance energy performance for zero energy building in the natural disaster.


Diarthrodial joints, such as the knee, hip, and shoulder consist of articular cartilage, a synovial capsule, and a fibrocartilaginous structure to increase the stability of the joint.


Abstract The author argues the value of a historical approach to television genre research and the need to reconsider the terms in which contemporary genre theory addresses television in its nascent stage. Primary analytical emphasis is placed on emergent technical practices and industrial discourses that preceded the establishment of consistent or regularly deployed television genre categories. By specifically analyzing early popular music programming, the author seeks to illuminate the processes through which genre conventions were conceived and formalized in what was then, and remains, an essential facet of television production.


The corrosion of A3 steel,copper,aluminum,stainless steel in 50 mg/L,100 mg/L,200 mg/L and 400 mg/L chlorine dioxide disinfection solution at room temperature was studied by the method of static weight-loss.The results showed that when the concentration of chlorine dioxide disinfection solution was 200 mg/L,the corrosion degree of aluminum was mild and that of copper was moderate;when the concentration of chlorine dioxide was 400 mg/L,the corrosion degree of A3 steel was severe and that of stainless steel was mild.The possible corrosion reason was analyzed.


IN 2009, THE NLN COMMISSIONED A NATIONAL SURVEY TO EXAMINE CLINICAL EDUCATION IN PRELICENSURE RN PROGRAMS (Ironside & McNelis, 2010). Respondents were asked to identify the organizational and structural barriers and pedagogical challenges they faced in optimizing students' clinical learning. For each of the top five barriers and challenges they chose, respondents were asked to identify strategies they used, along with their perceptions of the effectiveness of those strategies. The most frequently identified barrier was "lack of quality clinical sites that can accommodate the number of students in my group and/or provide experiences relative to the learning objectives of my course." Indeed, for more than half of the 2,386 respondents, this barrier was ranked among the top five barriers they faced. The three most frequent strategies faculty employed to address the lack of quality clinical sites were: * Providing clinical rotations on evenings, nights, weekends, and/or holidays * Substituting simulation activities for clinical hours * Providing more observational experiences for students during clinical time. Despite their prevalence, faculty perceived these strategies to be only somewhat effective in addressing this barrier. To learn more about efforts to address this barrier, respondents' free-text comments, offered at the end of each section of the survey, were analyzed. These comments highlighted efforts to find more quality clinical sites and to use alternative sites (typically referred to as non-acute-care sites). Finding More Quality Clinical Sites Faculty respondents frequently described "finding more quality clinical sites" as a strategy they used in response to limitations imposed by clinical agencies on the number of students per setting or unit (and the types of care students could provide); to limited numbers of available preceptors; or to losing a clinical site to another school. The challenge of securing appropriate clinical sites will likely continue to intensify as schools respond to the need for more nurses in the workforce by enrolling more students. In many cases, respondents also described growing competition among schools as they vied for limited clinical sites and the hostility this competition created. Finding quality clinical sites often resulted in increased travel time for both faculty and students, particularly for those in rural areas. In addition, as with many other strategies respondents identified throughout the survey, efforts to find more quality clinical sites often created other problems, such as increasing administrative time for faculty; scheduling difficulties for faculty and students; limiting the time available for faculty to provide adequate guidance and supervision to students; and consuming precious clinical time with multiple site orientations. As one respondent stated: "[The lack of quality clinical sites] has forced us to recruit more sites and scatter smaller number of students across them ... huge increase in administrative time and orientation hassles!" Finding quality clinical sites not only touches on the number of sites, but also on the working environment in existing sites. Several respondents expressed concern about the burden students place on staff nurses who must try to provide quality patient care while simultaneously precepting nursing students and/or new staff hires. A number of quotations reflect this concern: * So many schools use the floors, the staff are overburdened with student presence and can become resistant to working with students. As a result, students have had negative experiences during clinical. * Agencies are "over-studented" and often burnt out. Also [students are] competing for space with [the unit's] orientees. * Students are falling over each other in the hospitals. I think it is sometimes overwhelming for the patients to deal with. …


The article provides a comparative analysis for the interpretation of theological hermeneutics in the works of Karl Barth and Rudolf Bultmann. The author considers the specifics in their understanding of the purpose and tasks of theological hermeneutics, its relationship with philosophical hermeneutics, the issues of preunderstanding and the hermeneutic circle. Barth's hermeneutics is part of dogmatics; the hermeneutic question is the question of how we can adequately speak of God's revelation in history. God must never become the object of our interpretations, but must always remain the subject who interprets us. Barth's hermeneutics is characterized by a preliminary comprehension of the theological meaning of the Bible, which for him is the "otherness" of God. Bultmann sought to develop an adequate description of the human situation in which biblical texts are able to speak to us, tried to clarify preunderstanding, the formal conditions for the process of biblical interpretation. Since all human knowledge of God is interpreted knowledge, the theologian who reflects on that process of interpretation needs to reflect on the conceptual framework in which he is interpreting. For Bultmann, unlike Barthes, an open discussion in the presuppositions of any approach to texts should not be seen as determination of our understanding of those texts


summary form only given. A microwave induced plasma device is being developed for sensitive continuous emission monitoring of trace metals in furnace exhausts using atomic emission spectroscopy. The plasma is created in air at atmospheric pressure, and maintained by a 1.5 kW, 2.45 GHz microwave source. A diagnostic system, consisting of a fiber optic cable, lenses, a spectrometer, and a linear Si diode detector array, provides information about the light emitted from the plasma with a maximum resolution of 0.01 nm in the range of 190-600 nm. In this work we describe the experimental setup for the temperature profile reconstruction, the conceptual method for data analysis and some preliminary results.


The fiscal policy suggests that government play a special role in alleviation of poverty in Nigeria. We look for this special role by examining the relationship between poverty rate and fiscal policy as well as economic growth and inflation by finding the stationary state of our data using the Augmented Dickey Fuller statistical test and Phillip Perron statistical test. The emerging result of the unit root test from the ADF test shows that all the variables became stationary after the first difference except Personnel Income Tax (PIT), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Exchange Rate (EXR) that are found to be stationary after the second difference. On the other hand, the PP-test indicates that all the variables became stationery after the first difference. Therefore, we carried out a co integration test to find out if there exists a long run relationship among the variables. Our result shows that there exist four (4) co-integrating equations. In addition, in order to find the short and long run effects of fiscal policy on poverty alleviation; we employed the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and OLS-ECM estimating techniques. Our regression result shows that fiscal policy alone is not effective in alleviation of poverty and out put channel is effective in reducing the incidence of poverty in Nigeria both in the short and long run. However, the lag value of the ECM indicates that there exist a permanent long run ship between Poverty Index and fiscal policy as well as inflation and economic growth. Nevertheless, when we estimated the long run relationship, our results show that only the out put level and the fiscal policy variables have significant effects on poverty. Further more; our result indicates that in the short and long run, there exists a stable and predictable relationship between the parameter estimates of our model. Finally, only the out put level and the fiscal policy variables were found significant both in the short and long run as such we concluded that in Nigeria case, to effectively reduce the rate of poverty, fiscal policies variables which have effects on social and economic infrastructures could be employed as well as policies measures that will have positive effects on out put or will improve the performance of the economy could be employed.


Many investors rely on return on equity or ROE as a guide to future performance. Since it is net profit divided by equity, it tells us how well management is using the equity in a company to generate profits.


This talk starts with an outline of our hybrid approach combining Nonequilibrium Green's Functions with the Boltzmann equation for the nonlinear response of semiconductor superlattices. The nonlinearities are controllable and very good agreement has been found between theory and experiments. Next, we address the efficiency of the superlattices as frequency multipliers and their feasibility for room temperature THz radiation sources based on multiplication of GHz inputs.


where parts of the original lines have been suppressed and new lines have been introduced. The vertical line furthest to the right is taken as the unit, and other sides relevant to the argument have been labelled. There are two sets of three similar triangles. Comparing the small and middle scalene triangles, we have zl 1 = b/c, and comparing the small and middle rightangled triangles, b/c = ylz. Combining these we get z = ylz, and a similar argument with the large and middle triangles gives ylz = x/y, so that


Novel methods were developed and demonstrated for the discovery of genetic regulatory networks in wood-forming tissues. Transfection of protoplasts from differentiating xylem with the transcription factor gene Ptr-SND1-B1 and novel computational analysis revealed a three-level hierarchical genetic regulatory network that was verified by ChIP and Ptr-SND1-B1 overexpression in transgenic plants. Wood is an essential renewable raw material for industrial products and energy. However, knowledge of the genetic regulation of wood formation is limited. We developed a genome-wide high-throughput system for the discovery and validation of specific transcription factor (TF)–directed hierarchical gene regulatory networks (hGRNs) in wood formation. This system depends on a new robust procedure for isolation and transfection of Populus trichocarpa stem differentiating xylem protoplasts. We overexpressed Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Domain 1s (Ptr-SND1-B1), a TF gene affecting wood formation, in these protoplasts and identified differentially expressed genes by RNA sequencing. Direct Ptr-SND1-B1–DNA interactions were then inferred by integration of time-course RNA sequencing data and top-down Graphical Gaussian Modeling–based algorithms. These Ptr-SND1-B1-DNA interactions were verified to function in differentiating xylem by anti-PtrSND1-B1 antibody-based chromatin immunoprecipitation (97% accuracy) and in stable transgenic P. trichocarpa (90% accuracy). In this way, we established a Ptr-SND1-B1–directed quantitative hGRN involving 76 direct targets, including eight TF and 61 enzyme-coding genes previously unidentified as targets. The network can be extended to the third layer from the second-layer TFs by computation or by overexpression of a second-layer TF to identify a new group of direct targets (third layer). This approach would allow the sequential establishment, one two-layered hGRN at a time, of all layers involved in a more comprehensive hGRN. Our approach may be particularly useful to study hGRNs in complex processes in plant species resistant to stable genetic transformation and where mutants are unavailable.


We study either fully visible and restricted Boltzmann machines with sub-Gaussian random weights and spherical or Gaussian priors. We prove that the free energies of the spherical and Gaussian models are related by a Legendre transformation. Incidentally our analysis brings also a new purely variational derivation of the free energy of the spherical models.


The invention relates to a method for assessing the quality of a component produced by a generative laser sintering and / or laser melting process (10), particularly a component (10) for an aircraft engine. The method comprises at least while the steps of providing a first data set, which spatially resolved color values, each comprising characterizing the temperature of the component (10) to an associated Bauteilort during the laser sintering and / or laser melting of the component (10), providing a second set of data with the first data set includes corresponding spatially resolved color values, each of which characterize the temperature of a reference component at an associated Referenzbauteilort during the laser sintering and / or laser melting of the reference component, determining a difference between the first data and the second data set, and judging the quality of the component (10) based on the difference between the first data record and the second record. The invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the method.


The present invention is, for example, a vaccine or preparation of virus in other pharmaceutical or research use, their stabilization, and a method for manufacturing a these formulations, and further such as a vaccine, or their as viral vectors on the use. Formulations, sugar, preservatives, dispersing agents, thermal stabilizers, buffers, and, without affecting the structural appearance of the lyophilized formulations include amino acids up to three.


We have acquired with our engineering very effectively on the research of integral optimization of formwork of strut system by using the method of the second strut that the top of pillars can be taken apart beforehand multifunctionally.


The work is dedicated to T-cell (CD) investigation and the content of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in blood serum in the course of influenza, as indicated of immune and inflammatory diseases in pathogenesis of this disease. As the result of the investigation the suppression of T-cell component of immune system was discovered, and evidently prooves the presence of immunologic deficiency in pathogenesis of this disease, especially at serious clinical course. The increase of TNF-α was discovered, the degree of which depended on the period and degree of influenza severity.


Waveforminversionfacesdifficultieswhenappliedtoreal seismic data, including the existence of many kinds of noise. The 1 -norm is more robust to noise with outliers than the least-squares method. Nevertheless, the least-squares method is preferred as an objective function in many algorithms because the gradient of the 1 -norm has a singularity when the residual becomes zero. We propose a complex-valued Huber function for frequency-domain waveform inversion that combines the 2 -norm for small residuals with the 1 -norm for large residuals. We also derive a discretized formula for the gradient of the Huber function. Through numericaltestsonsimplesyntheticmodelsandMarmousidata, we find the Huber function is more robust to outliers and coherent noise.We apply our waveform-inversion algorithm to field data taken from the continental shelf under the East Sea in Korea. In this setting, we obtain a velocity model whose syntheticshotprofilesaresimilartotherealseismicdata.


This paper presents a miniature DC-70 GHz single-pole four-throw (SP4T) built in a low-cost 0.13-µm CMOS process. The switch is based on a series-shunt design with input and output matching circuits. Deep n-well (also called triple-well) CMOS transistors are used to minimize the substrate coupling. Also, deep trench isolation is used between the different ports to minimize the port-to-port coupling. The SP4T results in a measured insertion loss of less than 3.5 dB up to 67 GHz with an isolation of greater than 25 dB. The measured port-to-port coupling is less than 28 dB up to 67 GHz. The measured P1dB and IIP3 are independent of frequency and are 9–10 dBm and 20–21 dBm, respectively. The active chip area is 0.24×0.23 mm2. To our knowledge, this work represents the widest bandwidth SP4T switch in any CMOS technology to-date.


This paper summarizes the upshot of various research papers deals with the investigations on cement concrete proportioned with eggshell powder as a substitute mantle for cement. Although, it aims to understand the approaches covered by main research streams in area so as to highlight the advantages and uses of calcium rich material. Developed, developing countries nowadays exploits the potentiality of chicken eggshell powder and in a way they were fruitfully cast it on as an ingredient of animal and poultry feed, land fertilizer and even an excellent substitute option in construction industries. These marginal usages fed in to the minimization of open land disposal scenarios which associates landfill problems, human and environmental health issues. This paper briefly reveals the investigations endured on strength and structural characteristics of conventional cement concrete that are evenly proportioned with calcium rich eggshell powder and their potential feasibilities were exemplified.


In recent years, a few famous social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter, have been gradually commercialized, and business transaction has been added in hopes of encouraging the participation of the members. However, what is the influence on adding business transaction? Can the participation of the members in a social network really be improved? Before this paper was conducted, there was not any paper be found aimed at this issue domestically or internationally. Therefore, with the assistance of the expert questionnaire, the quantity of articles posted, replied, and recommended by the members of each board in the PTT were employed to investigate "Whether the existence of business transaction would significantly influence the participation of the masters in each board in the PTT" In this investigation, all the boards in the PTT were divided into three categories, respectively "Trading Allowed," "No Trading Allowed," and "Paired Boards." In addition, the random number table was used to select 20 boards in each category, all met with the selection criteria in this study. However, there were not many boards in the category of "Paired Boards" originally, and there were only 10 boards after the selection, so all these 10 boards were chosen. The 50 boards were adopted to the first-hand data collection for two months in this investigation. After the data were collected, they were coded, analyzed, and eventually verified by using the result of the expert questionnaire. The research findings include: (1) The participation of the members in the boards with business transaction was indeed higher than that in the boards without any business transaction. (2) In the two categories both with business transaction, it tended to be easier for the boards in "Paired Boards" to attract the participation of members than the boards in "Trading Allowed." In other words, placing separately the articles of "Trading Allowed" and those of "No Trading Allowed" would better attract the participation of members. Based on the results, the host of each board in PTT is suggested: to develop toward the category of "Paired Boards" as much as possible to improve the participation of the members.


Increase in research and commercial interest is observed in the area of digital watermarking in current era. Main reason behind this development is the extensive use of internet with high speed and bandwidth availability. As a result, sharing of multimedia content is increased significantly, which rises need for copyright protection and authentication. Digital watermarking provides vast commercial applications for securing content of different multimedia objects. However, watermarking can cause permanent loss in the content of the object. Different sensitive multimedia objects like medical, military, scientific etc. do not tolerate such permanent loss. Therefore, the distortion needs to be minimized or completely eliminated so that the true purpose of the multimedia content can be retained. Numerous watermarking techniques are available for different sensitive applications. Our objective is to propose reversible and secure techniques for watermarking different multimedia objects. Robust watermarking approaches are targeted in this research. Main focus is to achieve maximum watermarking capacity and to minimize embedding distortion, while preserving functional capability of the underlying multimedia object. Two different types of multimedia objects are targeted in our dissertation; these include relational databases and DNA medium. Genetic algorithm is selected in order to apply intelligent techniques for improving different properties of digital watermarking. Two relational database watermarking approaches are designed and developed; both approaches are reversible, robust, and follow the distortion tolerance of the attributes. First approach uses genetic algorithm to improve capacity, reduce distortion, and false positive rate of the difference expansion based watermarking technique. Whereas, second approach improves watermarking capacity, reduces distortion, and false positive rate of the reversible contrast mapping, which is first time designed for relational databases. A robust data hiding technique for DNA medium is proposed, which increases watermark capacity by improving current synonymous substitution technique and resists mutation losses. Moreover, synonymous substitution does not causes any disturbance in the amino acid sequence, thus the DNA functionality is retained. In order to tackle different DNA mutations binary strings and Reed Solomon Codes are applied. The watermark is encoded before embedding using Reed Solomon Codes and the structural information is retained using binary strings.


Background. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent complication in renal-transplant recipients (RTRs). We conducted a prospective study to assess the potential role of PTDM in the development of atherosclerotic events (AE) in RTRs. Methods. Three hundred fifty-seven consecutive RTRs were enrolled in this study. The incidence of various AE were assessed with respect to the presence of PTDM and a number of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Results. The patients were followed for a mean duration of 60±14 months. Thirty-nine (11%) patients had PTDM. Fifty AE occurred in 48 (13.4%) patients. Although AE were more frequent in RTRs with PTDM compared with nondiabetic patients (33% vs. 8.8%; P=0.007), PTDM was only modestly associated with AE in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (relative risk [RR] 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–2.18), mostly caused by significant interactions between PTDM and three confounding variables that were independently associated with AE: age, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Patients with high levels of homocysteine showed a significantly increased risk of AE (RR 4.67; 95% CI 1.82–15.87), as did those with high serum levels of CRP (RR 2.57; 95% CI 1.57–6.23). Conclusions. Our study shows a significant association between PTDM and AE. Nevertheless, a large amount of the excess risk of posttransplant diabetic RTR is explained by the coexistence of other CV risk factors. Moreover, high serum levels of CRP and hyperhomocystinemia were found to be among the nontraditional factors contributing to AE in our patients.


How did political fragmentation impact economic growth outside of Europe? Scholarship on Western Europe has linked political fragmentation to Europe's rise as an economic powerhouse, but there is limited quantitative evidence addressing the impact of fragmentation elsewhere. I argue that fragmentation may not result in persistent warfare as in Europe, where external threat was largely unidirectional and new empires were established by foreign dynasties. Reliance on alliances and negotiations instead of military conflict could incentivize rulers to engage in conspicuous consumption and gift-giving. Using a novel dataset of political borders and city characteristics in South Asia between 1400 and 1900, I find that while exposure to violent conflict reduces economic growth, fragmentation's impact is limited due to the scarcity of wars. In addition, elite consumption in capital cities maintained inter-regional trade and growth. The paper points to the importance of political geography and informal institutions in mediating the effect of fragmentation on economic growth.


The Amorphous Silicon Team at NREL has improved the properties of many materials, increased solar cell device performance, and improved the fundamental understanding of thin-film silicon based materials and devices since the last NCPV Program Review Meeting. In this paper we present a summary of the work of the team since that last meeting.


The paper contains the pedagogical expediency substantiation of computer models application in students" studying of electromagnetic phenomena and processes, the analysis of results of new computer technologies using in electro-technical subjects teaching.


Abstract Urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia and carbon dioxide. The increase in pH from the urease reaction causes a broad range of deleterious effects. Nanoceria (cerium oxide) possesses unique chemical properties under a redox reaction. This study investigated the synthesis of nanoceria via a hydrothermal method and determined its interaction with urease enzyme. Transmission electron microscopy results showed a cubic-figured nanoceria with a size of ~15 nm. Urease was immobilized on nanoceria through adsorption. The maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) of the free urease and urease immobilized on nanoceria decreased after interaction with nanoceria, and the Lineweaver-Burk plot showed an uncompetitive inhibition. The thermodynamic study of the adsorption process showed an endothermic reaction. The interaction changed the secondary and tertiary structures of urease as demonstrated by the circular dichroism study (the decrease in both α- and β-structure percentages). The fluorescence study revealed a change in the tertiary structure. The FTIR for the nanoceria—urease complex showed no changes in the covalent bonds, which indicated the involvement of physical forces in the interaction between urease and nanoceria.


The flow of a university has its specific meaning,nature and types.Whether a university flows up or flows down is judged mainly by evaluation of universities.The direction of a university flows is subject to many factors,internal or external,subjective or objective.Clarification of these constraints is beneficial to the healthy development of flow of a university.


The paper develops a new measure for the probability of informed trading, which can be estimated from the observed quotes and depths. This measure (PROBINF) represents the specialist's ex-ante estimate of the probability of informed trading. We find that PROBINF exhibits a strong and robust relationship with the observed level of insider trading and with measures of the price impact of trades. Moreover, the time series pattern of our measure in an intra-day analysis around earnings announcements is consistent with previous findings and with expectations regarding informed trading. An important advantage of PROBINF is that it can be estimated for each quote, and thus can be used to measure short term (e.g. intra-day, daily etc.) changes in informed trading and information asymmetry around events such as merger and acquisition announcements, share repurchases, stock splits, dividend announcements and index additions and deletions.


The ulnar styloid bursa is a pea-sized recess or bursa situated at the tip of the styloid process of the ulna and connected with the joint cavity of the wrist. This anatomical detail was first demonstrated by Kessler and Silberman (1961) in an arthrographic study using contrast medium. These authors pointed out that the frequently described "calcifications about the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon" were presumably often associated with this bursa. An illustrative case is now reported. This, incidentally, demonstrates the value of arthrography in the investigation of injured wrists. The arthrographic technique was previously described in this Journal (Thoms, 1962).


In this paper, we have studied the effect of gate-drain/source overlap (LOV) on the drain channel noise and induced gate current noise (SIg) in 90nm N-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors using process and device simulations. As the change in overlap affects the gate tunneling leakage current, its effect on shot noise component of SIg has been taken into consideration. It has been shown that "control over LOV" allows us to get better noise performance from the device, i.e., it allows us to reduce noise figure, for a given leakage current constraint. LOV in the range of 0–10nm is recommended for the 90nm gate length transistors, in order to get the best performance in radio frequency applications.


CONTEXT
Many studies have investigated the association between male infertility and trinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, but no comprehensive meta-analysis of all published studies has been conducted.

OBJECTIVE
Our goals were to summarize published data on associations between AR CAG and GGC repeat lengths and male infertility and investigate sources of variation between study results.

DATA SOURCES
We searched for reports published before October 2006 using Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science.

STUDY SELECTION
All selected studies included the following: a case group with infertility as measured by semen parameters, a control group of known or presumed fertile men, and measurement of CAG and/or GGC repeat lengths among cases and controls. Thirty-nine reports were selected based on these criteria, and 33 were ultimately included in the meta-analysis.

DATA EXTRACTION
One investigator extracted data on sample size, mean and sd of trinucleotide repeat length, and study characteristics.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Estimates of the standardized mean difference (95% confidence interval) were 0.19 (0.09-0.29) for the 33 studies and 0.31 (0.14-0.47) for a subset of 13 studies that used more stringent case and control selection criteria. Thus, in both groups, cases had statistically significantly longer CAG repeat length than controls. Publication date appeared to be a significant source of variation between studies.

CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis provides support for an association between increased androgen receptor CAG length and idiopathic male infertility, suggesting that even subtle disruptions in the androgen axis may compromise male fertility.


Hydrogenation is an extremely important process to modify the melting point of vegetable oils and to contribute important textural properties to food. The versatility of the hydrogenation process promotes the industrial development of fats to achieve specific physical and chemical characteristics in processed foods. Despite of the fact that isomerization of cis-trans configuration increases the melting point, conflicting conclusions have resulted from studies on trans fatty acids. In several studies, these isomers formed during hydrogenation of fatty edible oils have shown to have similar effects as saturated fats increasing serum cholesterol levels in the blood, believed to be a major cause of heart disease. For this reason, apprehension and public awareness have risen regarding the potential health hazards of trans fatty acids intake in the human diet.
 The physical and sensory properties of the final product strongly depend on the number of residual double bonds as well as on the cis-trans isomers present in the mixture. From nutritional point of view the cis isomer is more desirable.
However, fatty acids with trans configuration affect the textural and melting properties of fat, increasing the stability and serving to extend the plastic range that are characteristics beneficial for margarine production and others products requiring a sharp melting point with good flavor stability while providing the required firmness at room temperature. The consumption of trans fatty acids has been discussed in connection with an elevated risk of developing premature atherosclerosis as well as cardiovascular diseases. The low trans C18:1 content is a desirable objective with respect to food health.
 Melting behaviour of hydrogenated products is an important property for functionality in many prepared food products.
The proportion of solid to liquid fat in a shortening, margarine, or specialty product at a given temperature has an important relationship to the performance of the product at that temperature. This proportion cannot be determined from single point melting analysis or other analysis of the physical properties. Estimates of the solids and liquids contents in a fat at different temperatures over the melting range can be made with calorimetric, dilatometric or nuclear magnetic resonance procedures. In this Thesis work, this behaviour was monitored mainly by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The main aim of the thesis was the characterization of a hydrogenated product under supercritical fluids as reaction solvent. The supercritical hydrogenation is an alternative process for producing a wide variety of end products having different characteristics of industrial foodstuffs interest to be used as low cholesterol precursors for margarine and shortening bases. The purpose of this thesis was to monitor the changes in fatty acid composition and trans fatty acids at different time intervals of hydrogenation process of sunflower oil in supercritical fluids and to determine its effects on solid fat content of the hydrogenated products.


point. If the velocity of radio-waves was constant, and known, the computed and observed values would agree but this, unfortunately, is not the case. We adopted a constant speed of radio-wave propagation so we knew there would be a systematic error in the resuit given by the machine for we should have used not the geodetic but the radio-wave distance, i.e. the number of actual wavelengths from the radio station to the point.


This paper presents a brief overview of an anthropological study
 conducted in Lamjung, Nepal. Using a multi-scalar approach that integrates household and
 community data with remote sensing and geographic information system applications, this study
 investigated the relationships between agricultural land-use strategies and the district level
 land-cover change patterns for the period between 1976 through 2004. The main focus of this
 paper, however, is on the human dimensions part, which examines the household conditions and
 community contexts under which smallholders changed their land-use strategies. In doing so, it
 looks beyond the conventional view that tends to over-emphasize demographic and poverty
 factors.


The paper "Hill climbing motorcycle with extended swing arm and mono suspension" deals with the implementation of various parts for the advancement of the road motorcycle to hill climbing motorcycle. In recent years, hill climbing is considered as a sport in many abroad countries. No normal road motorcycle can be used for this purpose. i.e. it does not provide proper stability and control of the vehicle over steep hills. In order to give these motorcycles safety and comfort of modern vehicles, we analysed and built an extended swing arm and redesigned the rear suspension system in order to maintain traction and stability. This paper is based on improvement in design of hill climbing motorcycle with mono suspension and modification chain system with minimum cost.


I read with interest Deirdre Bonner and Robert Howard's (1 995) recent Editorial Comment on 'Treatment resistant depression in the elderly'. The authors note that lack of vigor in treating depressive illness in the elderly may contribute to poor longer-term outcomes. They persuasively argue that the challenges of patient comorbid medical illness, concurrently prescribed medications and sensitivity to drug side-effects may result in less than adequate treatment of depressed elderly patients. I believe that frequently there is also a lack of vigor on the part of those treating geriatric depression in providing family interventions and individual psychotherapy. The presence of impaired interpersonal and family functioning within the context of depressive illness is well established; the adverse impact of these impairments on course of illness in younger patients has been repeatedly demonstrated; and a variety of family interventions have demonstrated efficacy (Keitner et al., 1994). From our study of the prognosis of major depression in elderly inpatients that was cited in Bonner and Howard's piece (Hinrichsen, 1992), family/interpersonal factors were the best longitudinal predictors of recovery and relapse from depression as well as of subsequent suicide attempt (Hinrichsen and Hernandez, 1993; Zweig and Hinrichsen, 1993). A recent meta-analysis of 17 controlled psychosocial treatment studies of geriatric depression concluded such interventions are 'highly effective' (Scogin and McElreath, 1994). The meta-analysis included the widely cited psychotherapy treatment studies of major depression in the elderly by Gallagher and Thompson (1982; Thompson et al., 1987). In addition, there are current efforts to evaluate the utility of other psychotherapeutic treatments for depressed elderly. Of note is the application of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT; Frank et al., 1993) as an acute and longer-term maintenance treatment for depression in the elderly. IPT's focus on role transitions, bereavement, role disputes and interpersonal deficits as possible causes or consequences of depressive illness seems especially well suited to late life issues. In a variety of studies with younger adults, IPT (Klerman et al., 1984) has demonstrated efficacy comparable to antidepressant medications in the acute treatment of depression and also efficacy in maintenance of remission from depression. In view of the relatively high rates of depressive illness among the medically ill and physician caution about prescribing antidepressant medication with medically comprised elderly, serious consideration of empirically validated family and individual psychological interventions in the treatment of acute geriatric depression is warranted. The addition of individual and family interventions to ongoing psychopharmacological treatment of apparently treatment resistant depression in older adults also appears warranted.


International law, particularly in the human rights field, faces a serious tension today between its reach for universal legitimacy on the one hand and the cultural diversity of its expanding subjects on the other. The 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, which ended 30 years of religious warfare in Europe, serves as a convenient birthing moment in the origin story of the modern state and, by extension, the modern interstate system. The world today is rent by two contradictory post-war impulses: that of Dumbarton Oaks, which gave us the United Nations (U.N.), and that of Bretton Woods, which gave us the current capitalist global economy. The U.N. and indigenous participants in its fora generally prefer flexible, working descriptions of indigenous peoples to rigid, legal definitions. The Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP) experts themselves doubted for several years that indigenous peoples enjoy the classically stated right of self-determination. Keywords: Bretton Woods; global economy; International law; self-determination; United Nations (U.N.); Westphalia; Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP)


President Trump's decision to end the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program for hundreds of thousands of young undocumented immigrants is harsh and unwarranted. It also makes no economic sense. The young individuals affected, often referred to as "Dreamers," came to the United States as children, have lived and attended school here, and — like most immigrants — are already making or are poised to make contributions to the economy. Ending DACA won't strengthen the economy. To the contrary, it will deprive the economy of valued workers; it will lose tax revenue, worsening government finances; and it will waste taxpayer dollars on costly and counterproductive immigration enforcement.


We review the effective field theory (EFT) bootstrap by formulating it as an infinite-dimensional semidefinite program (SDP), built from the crossing symmetric sum rules and the S-matrix primal ansatz. We apply the program to study the large-$N$ chiral perturbation theory ($\chi$PT) and observe excellent convergence of EFT bounds between the dual (rule-out) and primal (rule-in) methods. This convergence aligns with the predictions of duality theory in SDP, enabling us to analyze the bound states and resonances in the ultra-violet (UV) spectrum. Furthermore, we incorporate the upper bound of unitarity to uniformly constrain the EFT space from the UV scale $M$ using the primal method, thereby confirming the consistency of the large-$N$ expansion. In the end, we translate the large-$N$ $\chi$PT bounds to constrain the higher derivative corrections of holographic QCD models.


This paper starts with discussion about enhanced and frequently used conceptions of free markets, market failures and market primacy. There are pointed some simplifications due to the man should be prospective while using them, especially in applied economics. We have no positive definition of a free market and it is not clear, how often and if any we can observe such market about us. Troubles with market failures are derived from different meanings in different schools of economic thought. The market primacy is an abstract concept more than historical fact. Because of such difficulties the paper is inscribed to institutional alternative which is able to evolve complex research of institutions and to involve useful aspects of neoclassical economics. Useful ground for this analysis is institutional individualism which defines program for research of institutional framework of economy.


The utilization quantity of nitrogen fertilizer is the largest among nutrition elements in agricultural production.Nitrogen loss of the circle track was the main cause of non-point source pollution.The input and output of nitrogen in agricultural ecological cycle,reasons and ways of non-point source pollution formed by nitrogen losses were discussed.Some control measures were put forward,so as to reduce nitrogen loss in agricultural ecosystem.


Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) results in rapid muscle atrophy, decreased strength, and functional mobility limitations. Our prior reports on the acute effects of ischemia and reperfusion during TKA suggests decreased protein synthesis, increased protein degradation, and activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in skeletal muscle. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if protein and transcript markers of protein synthesis, degradation, and ER stress remained elevated two hours after TKA. We studied 60‐80 year old patients before and two hours after primary TKA. Muscle biopsies were obtained in the operating room immediately before tourniquet application, at maximal ischemia, and two hours after reperfusion. Our preliminary data show the fraction of spliced XBP1 transcript increased 124% during ischemia (p = .11) and 104% after reperfusion (p < .05) relative to baseline. Protein levels of phosphorylated 4EBP1 (Thr37/46) decreased 34% during ischemia (p < .05) and 20% after reperfusion (not significant) relative to baseline. Phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) decreased 69% during ischemia (p = .10) and nearly returned to baseline after reperfusion. Interestingly, transcript levels of ATF4 and BIP were decreased during both ischemia and recovery (p < .05) and ERDJ4 and CHOP expression was not significantly different relative to baseline during ischemia or after reperfusion. Two hours after TKA muscle cell cross sectional area was increased 34% relative to baseline. These preliminary results suggest that ischemia and reperfusion during TKA induce changes in muscle metabolism that persist two hours after surgery.


Deep-water megasplay faults may promote or limit earthquake rupture and tsunami genesis. To better understand how megasplay faults affect earthquake rupture and associated tsunami potential, we bui...


Air transport from its inception becomes an innovative tool that guides economic progress and social progress, the medium of airports connecting people, countries and cultures. It provides access to markets.
The Ciudad de Catamayo airport is located in the province of Loja, the canton of Catamayo, the airplane terminal being one of the means by which more and more tourists traveled is a transcendental place in the tourist environment, since also in The airport provides important services linked to tourism giving added value to the experience of flying.
In the present article, the present research work has been proposed, which has provided a better customer service provided by the Ciudad de Catamayo Airport. The following objectives were determined; General Objective: Analyze the quality of customer service provided by air operators at the "Ciudad de Catamayo" airport, the Catamayo canton, the province of Loja and the specific objectives: perform a diagnosis of customer service provided to air operators in the City of Catamayo Airport. Evaluate the quality of customer service provided by air services in the "Ciudad de Catamayo Airport" and propose strategies for improving the quality of service of air operators in the "Ciudad de Catamayo Airport".
The methodology provided was: scientific, synthetic, analytical, inductive, deductive and descriptive method, media methods of the media and internal and external procedures of the components that make up the aeronautical environment, combining all methods harmoniously Quantifiable and qualifiable results were obtained. To complement the research, the observation techniques, the interview, the survey at the time of sampling and once the tabulation was made, 59% of the total respondents were satisfied with the services offered at the Ciudad de Catamayo Airport.
Once the content compiled was analyzed, through a FODA matrix and a strategy matrix, several strategic objectives were formulated, which in some cases became suggestions such as; the increase in the number of flights as far as possible, this based on the seasonal demand that exists in periods of the year and punctually due to the demand on weekends, the installation of ATMs is managed since the airport currently lacks they.
5
While the strategic objectives that are developed through strategies are; the implementation of a strategic plan for timely attention to complaints and suggestions through a manual developed with the purpose of specifying the guidelines and protocols to be followed in order to give timely, immediate and accurate answers to the users, it was proposed to increase part-time staff or to timely meet the demand of passengers who seasonally present themselves at the airport, the increase of a "Rent a car" office that would greatly facilitate transport to the city of Loja for transfer passengers and finally a broadcast program was launched to give to know through information totems strategically located in arrival rooms, pre-boarding and airport information.


Understanding the genetic structure of a fishery may help delineate stocks and is directly applicable to resource management. To date, studies have not found clear population genetic structure across the range of the sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), yet significant biological differences are recognized. Here we use restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to develop thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the sablefish genome and assess population genetic structure and examine the genome for SNPs under natural selection. Our study was unable to target spawning groups, having the potential to bias analyses that require a priori hypotheses of population structure. Low and insignificant levels of differentiation (FST = 0.0002) were observed among survey areas, and analyses of population structure suggested a single population. Only two SNPs were significantly associated with environmental variables. These results are likely due to considerable population mixing and suggest a single pa...


The luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will be upgraded to 7 . 5 × 10 34 cm − 1 s − 2 . The increased luminosity leads to an increased particle fluence and ionizing dose in the detectors. The tracking detectors of the CMS experiment will be upgraded in order to cope with the new operating conditions. Prototype hybrid pixels sensors for the CMS Inner Tracker upgrade with rectangular 100 µ m × 25 µ m pixels produced by three different manufacturers and readout by the RD53A chip were characterized before and after irradiation to fluences up to Φ eq = 2 . 0 × 10 16 cm − 2 . The characterization results presented in this paper demonstrate that all sensors meet the requirements for operation at the high-luminosity LHC.


Student-athletes have dual demand namely academics and sports achievements. Grit is able to explain student-athletes perseverance and consistency for their achievements. This study aimed to describe the level of Grit in student-athletes at SMA Negeri Olahraga Jawa Timur. This study is a descriptive quantitative research. Respondents in this study were 214 student-athletes in academic year 2020/2021 and the sample were 135 studentsathletes with the sampling technique proportionate stratified random sampling. Measuring instrument used in this study was a Grit scale consists of 12 items (α = 0,671). The results showed moderate level grit was 72,6% and high level grit was 27,4% it can be concluded that student athletes Grit level tends to be high


Nowadays, Telemedicine and medical imaging has been refined on a large scale in the eHealth electronic process. Telemedicine provides the clinical health care from a distance by using information technology and telecommunication. In rural areas, the access-able of improved medical services cannot be available and the distance barriers can be overcome by the telemedicine. The Medical Images (MI) are affected by the transmission bandwidth while sending and there are no memory spaces for storing the data. To solve these issues faced by the telemedicine, compression of image was introduced. In the proposed paper, the Online Region based-Active Contour Model (OR-ACM) is applied to segment the images and finally the images are compressed by applying the Quantized Discrete Wavelet Transform (Q-DWT) algorithm for reducing the storage. The encryption of the images can be processed by Paillier Cryptosystem (PC) and these encrypted data are saved in the Cloud Storage Providers (CSP). Various tests were organized on the approach, and these results provided the framework provided better performance at the point of recall (sensitivity), precision (specificity) and accuracy compared to the existing methods.