Objective To study the semen quality from males with normal fertility in Guangxi region.Methods The main semen parameters were measured and analyzed to evaluate the different influences to males semen quality between different nationalities(Han and Zhuang) and habitations.Results All samples were from 687 males with normal fertility and 321 cases(46.72%) could reach the World Health Organization(WHO)——(the 4th Edition) semen analysis normal reference criteria.Four semen parameters values including sperm density,vitality,semen volume and pH value were coincident with the 4th edition normal reference criteria of WHO while the coincidence of the values of liquefying time,percentage of normal sperm morphology and motility was lower than that of the standard of WHO.The percentage of normal sperm morphology in the Han People was significantly lower than that of the Zhuang People(P0.05).Except for the pH value,all other parameters of males in rural areas were better than those of males in the cities that the difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusion The semen parameters of males with normal fertility in Guangxi region were similar to those in other domestic investigations analysis.The difference of semen quality is not significance between the Han People and the Zhuang Peoples in Guangxi region,and semen quality of males living in the rural is better than that of living in cities' male.


In this paper, we shall generalize the theory of mixed Hodge structures due to Deligne and obtain a subcategory GMHS in the category of mixed Hodge structures such that we have Ext_{GMHS}^2(Q,-)\not=0 in general.


Background:To determine predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and to assess health care utilization (HCU) post-ICU admission among persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods:We matched a population-based database of Manitobans with IBD to a general population cohort on age, sex, and region of residence and linked these cohorts to a population-based ICU database. We compared the incidence rates of ICU admission among prevalent IBD cases according to HCU in the year before admission using generalized linear models adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, region, and comorbidity. Among incident cases of IBD who survived their first ICU admission, we compared HCU with matched controls who survived ICU admission. Results:Risk factors for ICU admission from the year before admission included cumulative corticosteroid use (incidence rate ratio, 1.006 per 100 mg of prednisone; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.008) and IBD-related surgery (incidence rate ratio, 2.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.99–3.92). Use of immunomodulatory therapies within 1 year, or surgery for IBD beyond 1 year prior, were not associated with ICU admission. In those who used corticosteroids and immunomodulatory medications in the year before ICU admission, the use of immunomodulatory medications conferred a 30% risk reduction in ICU admission (incidence rate ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.97). Persons with IBD who survived ICU admission had higher HCU in the year following ICU discharge than controls. Conclusions:Corticosteroid use and surgery within the year are associated with ICU admission in IBD while immunomodulatory therapy is not. Surviving ICU admission is associated with high HCU in the year post-ICU discharge.


In this article, we have analyzed the insulation property of a cable system operated for over 20 years. We also assessed the insulation-aging situation from the quantitative and qualitative analysis. All these are useful for the XLPE cable operation and reparation in operation.


Abstract : Human and dog red cells stored for six weeks in high concentrations of adenine equivalent to 25 or 50 mg/kg body weight were found to show decreased pH, P50, and diphosphoglycerate (DPG) levels comparable to other studies. A decrease in adenosine triphosphates (ATP) with storage was observed; however, there was a higher level with greater adenine doses indicating support of the ATP level by the adenine. No signs of toxic effects from the high adenine doses were observed. (Author)


Electrical Outlets Buenos Aires Argentina iPad Help. Another Buenos Aires City Living Tour shown by Austin REALTOR®, Perry Henderson. When you select your REALTOR®, the right REALTOR®, like Perry Henderson and the Live Well Team, we're never too busy...


The case history of a 26-year-old woman with spinal epidural hematoma after the expulsion of a fetus dead in utero and with a slight hepatosis of pregnancy. The case is discussed in the light of the previously known literature.


On the consideration of humanity the image of Juexin,the central character of Bajin's masterpiece "Trilogy of Torrent" should be reunderstood with an all "round and developing view. Juexin always stood on the side of the former duing the struggles between the young and old generations, between new ideology and old ideology.He was a kind "good person",a good person who had done "bad things",not "an accomplice for feudal power. His various experiences and unlucky sufferings had sobered him up gradually under the oppression of feudal power. He gradually became a youth with fighting spirits from a weak person.


The purpose of the article is to investigate the human rights threats associated with globalization, to identify the consequences of the transformation of human rights under the influence of globalization and to prevent them. The following issues were considered to achieve the research objectives: the essence of globalization, its positive and negative consequences were determined; the existing threats to human rights were identified; the main factors of crime in the age of globalization are described; crime is considered as a form of violation of human rights. The system of philosophical, general-scientific and special-scientific methods was applied to obtain reliable results, in particular: formal-logical, systemic, structural-functional, formal-legal methods and the method of comparison. The following statements have been established in the research process: сertain democratic values, including rights and freedoms, can be used as a means of geopolitical influence under the influence of globalization processes; such negative phenomena as extremism, terrorism, poverty are the causes of human rights violations; criminal threats cannot be considered outside the context of globalizing and humanitarian processes in a globalizing society; crime is one of the factors that affects social life and violates human rights, especially the right to life, liberty and personal integrity.


The Home Page for all Business & Economics Research guides. Get started with your business, company, industry, marketing, sports, and economics research. The home page for Business & Economics Research -- Start here for all of your business, company, industry, marketing, sports, business cluster, mba, pmba, or economics research.


Freshwater fishery resources in Chinese rivers have been markedly impaired as the results of overfishing, damming, and watershed development. However, little is known about trophic ecology of fish assemblages in the rivers of China. In this study, fishes were collected from an upstream, midstream, and downstream site of the Moyangjiang River, Southern China, to investigate trophic niche structure using stable isotope analysis. We calculated several trophic niche metrics using δ13C and δ15N ratios of the fish assemblages at each study site. Results showed no significant differences in the δ13C ratios between the pelagic and benthic fish assemblages at each study site. This suggests a homogenous dietary base shared by all fish at each site, likely as the result of continuous water column mixing in this shallow and fast‐moving river. The upstream fish assemblage had the greatest species abundance and trophic diversity. The fish assemblage at the midstream site displayed the smallest trophic niche space (total area of the δ13C and δ15N bi‐plot space) and trophic diversity. The midstream site also showed the most depleted 13C, suggesting a more degraded habitat compared with the other two study sites. The fish assemblages at the downstream site displayed the greatest basal resource diversity, largest CR, and trophic niche space and trophic diversity. However, the fish assemblage at the downstream site also displayed the lowest species abundance, redundancy, and evenness of trophic spacing. These findings suggest that the trophic niche of the fish assemblage at the downstream site, which received resources from upstream flow, experienced greater watershed development and greater in situ production, demonstrating positive and negative impacts by anthropogenic activities. Future studies should also gather information on fish production, watershed development, and water quality, to aid in the interpretation of the stable isotope analysis of fish trophic niches.


Partner selection is an important decision problem in Agile Supply Chain. Since it is a non-analytical objective function and cannot be solved by general quantification methods, soft computing which is a fuzzy logic operation embedded heuristic genetic algorithm is developed to obtain the optimal solution. The experiments of practical scale suggest that the model and methods are effective and possible to achieve optimal solution quickly.


The main purpose of this study was analysis the relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and Organizational Perceived Politic (POP) among the sport organization experts of Tehran Municipality. The population study included all the sport organization experts of Tehran municipality (N = 310). According with the Cochran Formula, the study sample consisted of 172 experts. Finally 161 out of 206distributed questionnaires were utilized. For gathering data, we utilized a questionnaire in 3 sections: 1. Demographic 2. 2. Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (based on Podsakkof & et al, 1990) 3.Orginazational Perceived Politic (Kacmar & et al, 1991). The validity and reliability of these questionnaires in the target population examined and approved. For data analysing some statistical techniques (Kolomogrov-Smirnov, Pearson Correlation and Multiple) were used by LISREL and SPSS software. The study findings indicated a negative significant relationship between OCB and POP (r = -0/51, P < 0/01). Also, the multiple regressions showed that the 34 % of OCB variations could be predicted by POP significantly. In sum, it seems more politicized work environment will decrease the organizational sacrifice and reduce its productivity.


The objective of this study is to analyze the perception of Comorian citizens facing the situation of solid waste management (SWM). For this, a qualitative and quantitative approach is conducted on a sample of 300 households. The study shows that 61.1% of households freely dispose a waste on sensitive sites, 19.7% bring waste to collection points and 18.6% benefit from door-to-door. Moreover, 63% of households prefer door-to-door as a means of waste disposal compared to 19.5% who prefer voluntary intake and 17.5% prefer free evacuation. Home sorting concerns only 19.3% of households compared with 80.7% whose dispose mixed waste. Households that are aware of the negative impact of waste on health are 87.5%, against 5%, are unconscious and 7.5% remain without opinion. The study also shows that 40% of households are aware of the negative impact of waste on the environment, against 33% of non-conscious and 27% of non-opinion. The majority of households (58%) are unsatisfied of waste collection services schedules. However, 93.3% of households approve actions carried out by NGO and association. A financial contribution for waste management system improvement of 0.54 USD and 1.08 USD per month was approved by 67% of households.


Peasant household investigation is analyzed on its function in the Forestry Development in Poor Area(FDPA), the 3rd stage of World Bank Loan Projects, and then suggested as a important means to supervise and control forest engineering and even other engineering.


As a kind of effective natural adsorption material,clay mineral has a broad application prospects in environmental pollution control.However,most kinds of clay contain impurities,and their physicochemical structure has defects,restricting their adsorption performance.Pillared clay modification is an effective solution to this problem.By commencing from preparation process of pillared clay and its adsorption on environmental pollutants,the pillared clay preparation process and mechanism,as well as the adsorption property of the pillared modified clay to pollutants,adsorption condition and adsorption mechanism of pillared clay were systematically summarized,thus providing detailed information for extending research and application of clay mineral.


A series of 3, 3, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1, 8-dioxo-9-aryl-1, 2, 3, 4, ,5 , 6, 7, 8, 9 ,10-decahydro-acridines have been synthesized by the condensation of aromatic aldehydes, 5, 5-dimethyl-1, 3-cyclohexanedione and ammonium acetate in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride (TEBA) as catalyst in water. Compared with other solvents, water is cheap, not inflammable and not toxic, and the yields of the reaction are high. The structure of 3e was confrmed by X-ray analyses.


The dividing wall column(DWC) has been in use in the production of the chemical industry for the last 20 years.DWC is now considered to bean accepted technology (some 40 columns in operation at BASF)and is expected to grow steadily in the number and variety of applications in industrial practice.Investment costs are cut by 30%, operating costs by around 30%.More then 33 patents in America and more then 5 patents in China were obtained in the Petrochemical Field.The principle,structure,energy-saving and key technology of DWC are reviewed.The applications and the possible applications areas of the DWC are introduced and the future of applications prospect of the DWC is presented.


Pure copper (11) sulfide, CuS, was successfully prepared by a simple reaction of copper and sulfur powder in water at low temperatures (2: 60 °C), though the solid state reaction of the elements requires higher temperatures to complete the reaction. Pure Copper (I) sulfide (Cu 2 S) and silver (I) sulfide (Ag 2 S) were also prepared by similar reactions between the elements above 150 °C and 90 °C, respectively. Two phases (chalcocite-Q and chalcocite-low) were observed in the yielded Cu 2 S. Observation with the scanning electron microscope revealed that the CuS was composed of the particles of polyhedral frameworks with dimensions of 2 - 3 flm. Whereas the particle sizes of the as-prepared Cu 2 S were similar to those of CuS, the particles had indefinite frameworks. For Ag 2 S, the as-prepared particles at 90 oc were like sharp thin blades and became duller with the increasing reaction temperature.


In the traditional Byzantine consensus schemes, the efficiency and throughput of the whole topology will be limited by transmission delay in nodes, which depends on the complexity of message and bandwidth constraints. This paper proposes a Byzantine consensus scheme based on weight modified Treap topology that reduces the complexity and delays of message aggregation by quickly constructing and maintaining Treap node tree. We have the master node organize other active nodes into a balanced tree rooted at itself to allocate communication and computing costs. We propose a failure detection mechanism for Treap that makes the master node record the weights of the nodes for each of its direct child nodes. The master node establishes a delay function to set the weight of each node based on the delay between receiving PREPARE message and completing its own calculation to sending its share. With a node's weight over threshold, it is assumed that the node has failed and been marked. The failure detection mechanism of the marked nodes starts to maintain availability by replacing the replication of the marked nodes. It also prevents the parent node from doing evil by authorizing nodes to mark only its direct child node. We only update the Treap topology on a regular basis or in case of failure to reduce the update overhead.


Endocrine disruptors and human pubertal development Multiple genetic and environmental factors influence the onset of puberty. It is believed that better nutrition and public health are the main factors related to the earlier onset of puberty observed over the last century. Nonetheless, exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds may also play a role in this process. Endocrine disruptors are defined as exogenous compounds that might interfere with the functioning of the animal and human endocrine systems. In this article, the authors review endocrine disruptors and their role in human pubertal development.


The abstract induced subgraph poset of a graph is the isomorphism class of the induced subgraph poset of the graph, suitably weighted by subgraph counting numbers. The abstract bond lattice and the abstract edge-subgraph poset are defined similarly by considering the lattice of subgraphs induced by connected partitions and the poset of edge-subgraphs, respectively. Continuing our development of graph reconstruction theory on these structures, we show that if a graph has no isolated vertices, then its abstract bond lattice and the abstract induced subgraph poset can be constructed from the abstract edge-subgraph poset except for the families of graphs that we characterise. The construction of the abstract induced subgraph poset from the abstract edge-subgraph poset generalises a well known result in reconstruction theory that states that the vertex deck of a graph with at least 4 edges and without isolated vertices can be constructed from its edge deck.12


The history of the professional doctorate in the UK is short. However, it has been growing rapidly in recent years. As a new type of doctorate serving the professions, it has close links with the professional practice. Its major features can be seen in the inclusion of a teaching component, research focused on professional practice, credits used for measuring students' academic outcomes, guidance by the professional supervisor, and the combination of teaching and research in the degree assessment. Compared with the traditional PhD, these features are much outstanding.


Phylogenetic studies of asexual lineages and their sexual progenitors are useful for inferring the causes of geographical parthenogenesis and testing hypotheses regarding the evolution of sex. With five known parthenogens and well‐studied ecology, Timema walking‐sticks are a useful system for studying these questions. Timema are mainly endemic to California and they exhibit the common pattern of geographical parthenogenesis, with asexuals exhibiting more‐northerly distributions. Neighbour‐joining and maximum‐parsimony analyses of 416 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) from 168 individuals were used to infer general phylogenetic relationships, resulting in three major phylogeographical subdivisions: a Northern clade; a Santa Barbara clade; and a Southern clade. A nested cladistic analysis, comparing intra‐ and interspecific haplotypic variation on a geographical scale, revealed that the overall pattern of geographical parthenogenesis in Timema could be attributed to historical range expansion. These results suggest that geographical parthenogenesis is the result of more‐extensive northerly dispersal of asexuals than sexuals.


Studies of socio-spatial segregation in recent decades have shifted the focus from residential areas to people's workplaces and other activity places. This study attempts to elucidate workplace segregation using cellular network data and to examine urban China with a special focus on the segregation of rural migrants, using residents living in the migrant enclaves of urban villages as a proxy. Furthermore, this study identifies factors that affect the variations of workplace segregation. The study shows that rural migrants who work in manufacturing industries and live in suburban areas suffer from higher workplace segregation from other social groups compared with those who work in service jobs and reside in the central-city areas, indicating that migrant enclaves in central-city areas play a significant role in housing rural migrants. It provides them with considerable access to service jobs and, thus, alleviates workplace segregation. Our results show that the use of big data can effectively capture the dynamics of population composition in activity places and provide a useful perspective for a deeper understanding of socio-spatial segregation.


The existence and stability of the positive equilibrium point of the generalized Logistic model with Allee effect were studied in the paper. Meanwhile the maximum yield was discussed. Using the Pontryain maximum principle,the optimal harvesting policy was determined.


Modelling of glow discharge plasma with hollow cathode effect (HCE) was carried out. The computer model that allows predicting the temperature distribution during local ion nitriding with HCE and depth of the diffusion zone after the treatment was developed. The influence on the HCE on the temperature distribution for the gear was studied.


This article analyzes the consequences of nonrandom sample selection for continuous-time duration analyses and develops a new estimator to correct for it when necessary. We conduct a series of Monte Carlo analyses that estimate common duration models as well as our proposed duration model with selection. These simulations show that ignoring sample selection issues can lead to biased parameter estimates, including the appearance of (nonexistent) duration dependence. In addition, our proposed estimator is found to be superior in root mean-square error terms when nontrivial amounts of selection are present. Finally, we provide an empirical application of our method by studying whether self-selectivity is a problem for studies of leaders' survival during and following militarized conflicts.


For the phase measurement in the radar system using the magnetron pulse source, the STALO (Stable Local Oscillator) frequency need to be controlled to provide the stable intermediate frequency. In radar receiver, AFC(Automatic Frequency Control) circuit detects the transmitting frequency change and controls the STALO frequency to keep the intermediate frequency stable. In this paper, we designed and implimented AFC circuits for radar receiver. The frequency deviation is detected and compared with the reference frequency and the STALO frequency is controlled by the digital command signal.


This paper explores the acquisition of syntactic properties in a second language. To understand how syntactic properties are acquired, a theoretical approach of Universal Grammar is presented, with an emphasis on the application of the Universal Grammar approach to second language acquisition. Acquisition of the following syntactic properties is being described: acquisition of morphemes, acquisition of negation and verb movement, acquisition of word order, acquisition of questions and acquisition of relative clauses. Second language teaching and learning in classroom settings is an important issue regarding second language acquisition. In this paper, some basic principles of teaching and learning a second language are outlined with connection to first language teaching.


Here is shown a possibility to use a method based on the distant measurement of the spatial distribution of pollutant and greenhouse gases in the boundary layer of atmosphere by measured data on their own radiation in the thermal IR spectral region. Using calculated IR spectra of atmospheric radiation, requirements have been established for spectral measuring equipment based on a Fourier-spectrometer for the remote monitoring of the overall exhausts of anthropogenic gases by large-scale sources.


Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by involuntary synchronous contractions or spasms of one side of the face, usually beginning around the eye. They are typically brief, irregular clonic movements but are occasionally tonic. We present a case of a 41-year-old female who presented to the neurology clinic with complaints of recurrent right facial spasms. These involuntary spontaneous movements had affected her quality of life. The neuroimaging revealed the vascular malformation right cranial nerves (CN) VII/VIII complex. It was considered to be responsible for the patient's HFSs. The patient responded well symptomatically to the botox injections without any neurovascular decompression.


Thank you for reading sports injuries causes diagnosis treatment and prevention. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this sports injuries causes diagnosis treatment and prevention, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


First results of repeat pass SAR Interferometry (InSAR) from Selex ES's compact, experimental airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system are described for civilian environmental monitoring. The system is a low cost, lightweight (<;10kg), X-band, Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) SAR platform, which provides greater opportunities of access to InSAR data as it can be placed on helicopters, fixed wing aircrafts and UAVs. Results of high resolution (<; 2m) digital elevation models (DEMs) produced are shown for two sites of environmental interest. The first DEMs produced compare well to those from other datasets.


A homologous series of the new N-heterotolane was synthesized using two cross-coupling reactions mediated by copper and palladium/copper. The final compounds present a naphthyl-pyridyl framework connected by an acetylene group. The evaluation of physico-chemical properties is described. All the compounds exhibit the smectic A mesophase.


This paper examined the pros and cons of the policy and implementation of secondary education in post-colonial Nigeria. A number of identified efforts and commitments made over the years by the Nigerian government in the formulation, planning and implementation of educational policies in secondary education were found to be some of the good inputs conceived as instruments for national development. However, some of these efforts were defeated on the long run, because of a number of other manifestations that negated the intent of the policy to better secondary education in Nigeria. As a way forward, the paper concluded that if the country is to enjoy the dividends of secondary education, there is urgent need to address the challenges that have limited the implementation of educational policies in the secondary education sector. It was recommended inter alia, a review of some of the secondary education policy contents and the implementation of innovative policies and programmes directed towards improving standards of secondary education in the country.


I. IntroductionOn March 10, 2017, more than 300 people gathered in Lincoln Hall, the oldest lecture hall at Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, for the 10th Annual Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy (JLSP) Symposium, "Healing Our Justice System: Restorative Justice and the Law." They sat in hard, old-fashioned, wooden booths, light shining through stained glass windows that represent graduating law school classes dating back to 1860.1 The group stood in sharp contrast to those who historically filled these seats in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, background, and diversity of roles. Activists, organizers, educators, community advocates, police officers, probation officers, social workers, therapists, and others joined lawyers and law students to reflect on justice and healing.This is the story of the Symposium. We intentionally use the term "story" because storytelling is at the heart of restorative justice. Storytelling expresses who we are and allows us to connect with others: "The shortest distance between two people is a story."2 Legal frameworks often value quantifiable, evidence-based research and data while discounting the validity of stories. In sharing our story, we seek to challenge this notion.3In this piece, we hope to capture the wisdom and perspectives gathered at the Symposium. We strive to honor the restorative value of speaking from our own experiences. We acknowledge differences in perspectives about many of the issues raised both during the Symposium and in this story, and we invite questions, disagreement, dialogue, and accountability.Because the Symposium focused on restorative justice,4 understanding the concept is an important starting point. Defining "restorative justice" is challenging because of differing and overlapping theoretical foundations and conceptions.5 While the diversity contributes to a dynamic and evolving concept, it also creates a level of confusion and conflict.6 Examples of definitions include:Restorative justice is a process to involve, to the extent possible, those who have a stake in a specific offense and to collectively identify and address harms, needs, and obligations, in order to heal and put things as right as possible.7[R]estorative justice [is] a philosophy and way of life-more than a technique or process. It is seen as a completely different paradigm for being in relationship, whether the relationship is with those close to us or those we don't know, with individuals, groups, peoples, or nations, and with humans or others of the natural world.8Restorative justice is a way of responding to criminal behavior by balancing the needs of the community, the victims and the offenders. It is an evolving concept that has given rise to different interpretation in different countries, one around which there is not always perfect consensus.9Another challenge in explaining restorative justice is that it is a philosophy rather than a single practice or program.10 Accordingly, its development has been fragmented, occurring in multiple geographic locations at various points in time and resulting in a nonlinear evolution.11 Every practice, including family group conferencing, peacemaking circles, and victim-offender dialogue, has its own distinctive history.12 Many people and communities are a part of restorative justice history.13The modern restorative justice movement is viewed as relatively young.14 Albert Eglash is credited with first using the term "restorative justice" in articles published in 1958,15 and histories tend to focus on the development of Victim Offender Reconciliation Programs16 in North America in the 1970s.17 However, it is imperative to recognize that many Indigenous18 cultures have embodied the restorative justice philosophy since ancient times, long before the modern term was used.19 Too often there is little or no acknowledgment given to these Indigenous ties, and Indigenous voices are marginalized. …


We present an algorithm that allows swarms of robots to navigate in environments containing unknown obstacles, moving towards and spreading along 2D shapes given by implicit functions. Basically, a gradient descent approach augmented with local obstacle avoidance is used to control the swarm. To deal with local minima regions, we use a coordination mechanism that reallocates some robots as "rescuers" and sends them to help other robots that may be trapped. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of this algorithm in terms of its completion rate and communication requirements as the number of robots increases. For this, a series of simulations are presented and discussed.


Two modifications of D/A conversion are presented in this paper. The modifications of
the conversion are efficient to decrease the influence of the quantization noise on the
output signal distortion. The first method is based on the superposition of the noise to
the input signal (add dither). If the statistical parameters of the additional noise are
complianced the output signal quantization noise distribution will be more auspicious.
The second method is based on the indirect adaptation of the quantization noise power
spectrum (noise shaping) so as to power of the noise spectral components were minimum
in the low frequencies range. The statistical accuracy of the D/A converters can be
improved by the application of the above-mentioned methods.
Keywords: D/A conversion, quantization noise, noise shaping, add dither


This paper reviews the chitosan as a natural polymer flocculation agent to avoid the problem of the environmental secondary pollution caused by using the water treatment agents.Chitosan has played an important role in the environmental protection,especially in the wastewater treatment,due to it is non-toxic,readily biodegradable,and has wide-ranging applications.characteristics and preparation methods of chitosan are presented.The researches of chitosan in purification of drinking water,decoloring of dye wastewater,reclaiming of heavy metals and enrichment of trace amounts elements are discussed.


Rockslides are the most dangerous form of mass-wasting because they incorporate a sudden, incredibly fast-paced release of bedrock along a uniform plane of weakness. These uniform weaknesses are key to identifying rock slides because unlike slumps, flows, or falls, the failed material moves in a fairly uniform direction over a layer of solid, pre-existing rock. The sudden, rapid release of material found in rock slides combined with the sheer size and weight of the material that is falling is what gives these events the potential to have devastating effects on human life and infrastructure. Rockslides are a type of landslide caused by rock failure in which a part of the bedding plane of failure passes through intact rock and material collapses en masse and not in individual blocks. The rock landslides in the experiments were treated as a combination of rigid blocks of various scales, and the sizes of rigid blocks were determined by the spacing of cutting surfaces formed along expanded cracks in three directions. Impulse waves typically occur in open oceans, bays, lakes and reservoirs as the result of landslides, rockfalls, shore instabilities, avalanches or glacier calvings (Heller 2007). They are particularly relevant for the reservoir environment because the slope may well lose its stability during fast water level rise or draw-down. The short propagation distance combined with long-wave behavior within reservoir areas leads to negligible wave attenuation (Heller et al. 2009). Therefore, the impulse waves will remain enormous energy 1) Ph.D. Student 2) Professor 3), 4) Engineer The 2018 World Congress on Advances in Civil, Environmental, & Materials Research (ACEM18) Songdo Convensia, Incheon, Korea, August 27 31, 2018 when they reach the shore or dam, which will cause an incidental wave run-up. The wave run-up along a shoreline or a dam can result in a large damage potential for settlement and infrastructure, even a dam overtopping. Historically, the largest impulse wave run-up caused by landslide in reservoirs was observed in Vaiont, North Italy in 1963. A rock flank failure of 250×10 m volume slid into the water body, displacing almost the entire reservoir volume. Wave run-up was observed in villages located 200 m above reservoir level at the opposite shore. The impulse wave also overtopped the arch dam by more than 70 m thereby destroying the village Longarone with more than 2,000 deaths (Schnitter 1964). Examples in the Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), with an estimated total number of about 5386 landslides, also faces the serious situation of impulse waves. On June 12, 1985, the Xintan landslide with the total debris volume of 20×10 m and wave amplitude of 49 m occurred, which consequently caused 10 death and destroyed 64 ships (Hang et al. 2014). A recent event occurred on June 24, 2015, an impulse wave of nearly 6 m in height generated by Hongyanzi landslide with a volume of 23×10 m had overthrew 13 boats, killed 2 persons and injured 4 persons, the maximum wave run-up reached 2 m (Huang et al. 2016). Hall and Watts (1953) investigated solitary wave run-up with a watertight, linearly inclined slop. They stated that the run-up height depended on the initial relative wave height, offshore still water depth, and beach slope. A breaking criterion for solitary wave run-up was defined by Synolakis (1987) based on an analytical derivation and the experimental data for a gentle slop of 1:19.85(V:H). Comparing with nonbreaking waves, he found the run-up height for breaking waves is significantly smaller. Müller (1995) analytically considered solitary and cnoidal wave run-up and dam overtopping for nonbreaking waves with dam slopes of 1:1, 1:3 and vertical walls. Li and Raichlen (2001) analyzed the solitary wave run-up by nonlinear theory and improved the run-up relation of Synolakis (1987) by introducing a higher-order boundary condition, as a result, approximately 10% higher run-up values resulted with a better agreement to the experimental data. Fuchs and Hager(2012) studied scale effects of impulse wave run-up and run-over with a 2D linearly inclined slop. They found there are no scale effects for solitary wave run-up with still-water depths exceeding 0.08m if the test parameters have a minimum overland flow Reynolds number of 6,300 and a minimum overland flow Weber number of 10. A solitary impulse wave transformation to overland flow was conducted by Fuchs and Hager (2015). From their study result prediction equation specified for the plane wave run-up height at the transition point for a connected horizontal plane. The landslides that exist in reservoir areas are made up of different materials including rock, soil, debris, or a combination of these. The materials may move by falling, toppling, sliding, spreading, or flowing. The various types of landslides differentiated by the kinds of material involved and the mode of movement will result in different characteristics of impulsive waves (e.g. wave energy, wave amplitude, wave types, wave height). Currently, the slide model studies have been mainly divided into block models and granular models. The studies of Russell (1837) is considered to be the earliest research on landslide generated impulse waves. In his experiments, a box at the end of a wave channel was vertically dropped to produce solitary waves. And since then, many investigators repeated Russell's The 2018 World Congress on Advances in Civil, Environmental, & Materials Research (ACEM18) Songdo Convensia, Incheon, Korea, August 27 31, 2018 experiment to verify mathematical models (Noda 1970; Wiegel et al. 1970), or to investigate the effect of the basic parameters on impulse wave generation (Bukreev and Gusev 1996; Panizzo et al. 2002 & 2005). However, the block models can't reflect the real deformation of slide mass during impact, which leads directly to the experimental results much larger than real values. The difference in block and granular slide model may be attributed to the difference in porosity, slide front angle, blockage ratio, transition at slope toe and slide rigidity (Heller and Kinnear, 2010). As early as the 1970s-80s, Davidson et al. (1974) and Huber (1980) had researched the landslide generated impulse waves using both 2D and 3D granular slide models. In recent years, most studies on impulse waves with granular landslides have focused on the near field characteristics (Fritz 2002; Fritz et al. 2004; Heller 2007; Mohammed et al. 2012 & 2013; Mcfall et al. 2016). Nevertheless, for the granular model the dimension of the blocks were relative small, can't describe the cataclastic structure of rock formation. Presently, mainly predictive studies focus on the maximum run-up height at the shore opposite to the wave generation, but the run-up variation along reservoir bank have rarely been addressed. In this paper, three major aspects of wave run-up are researched based on rockslide model: (1) the physical modeling of impulse wave generated by rock landslides; (2) the calculation of maximum run-up height and comparison with previous predictions; (3) the run-up variation along reservoir bank. The research results add to the improved risk assessment of landslide hazards in reservoir environment.


In the field of aviation, the traditional fault feature extraction is directly related to experience of persons, the selected features are always fixed in use, and the fault feature updates need the upgrading of the fault diagnosis system which include complex technologies and high cost. Additionally, the fault information collections are insufficient. It lacks fault confirmation feedback to fault diagnosis system when airplanes return to factory maintenance. An adaptive fault diagnosis system framework for aircraft is proposed in this paper. The man-in-loop information feedback method can make up the incomplete information collection. The fault data in flight and the new fault mode verified in the feedback are taken as inputs and triggers of fault feature optimization. The fault features can be extracted and reduced adaptively. And then, the fault features in the fault diagnosis system can be updated automatically, which improves the aircraft fault diagnosis ability in self-learning way.


The article is devoted to the generalization of theoretical ideas about the provision of the enterprise with fixed assets and the improvement of the methodology of its analysis. The article discusses problematic aspects of the analysis of the enterprise's provision of fixed assets. Methodical approaches to the analysis of the enterprise's supply of fixed assets are defined, the sequence of the analysis is presented, and the system of indicators is defined. It is noted that in modern conditions there are no universal methods of assessing the level of provision of fixed assets of the enterprise, complex indicators of the level of provision in accordance with the goals of the organization have limited application, the optimal values of indicators of provision of fixed assets are not substantiated. It is proposed to use industry average values of indicators and indicators of competitors as guidelines for the level of the enterprise's provision of fixed assets. The proposed methodological approach was tested on the example of competing companies in the food industry of the Dnipropetrovsk region.


Introduction: Meteor streams occur when the Earth happen to enter a small portion of cometary dust trails. Hence we had rare chance to investigate the cometary dust trails during the meteoric streams. Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) discovered the thermal radiation from the particles in the dust trails, and it provided the unique way to obtain a synoptic view of wide-spread cometary debris [1]. Using the infrared images, it is possible to establish the intimate dynamical model of dust trails [2]. State-of-the-art technologies of data analysis and observing system have opened up the new opportunities to investigate the dust trails from the ground; Ishiguro et al. succeeded to detect the scattered sunlight by the dust trail particles of 22P/Kopff using the ground-based telescope with optical CCD camera [3]. The time comes to study the dust trails at any time with inexpensive astronomical instruments. The Draconids show periodic activities, and they produced twice spectacular meteor storms in 1933 and 1946. Their parent comet is 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, which is thought to be unusual in the chemical composition [4]. It belongs to the group of "depleted" comets characterized by low abundances of carbon in the gas phase. It is likely that organics may be in the dust phase. Observations: We searched a faint scattered light from meteoroids of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner using UH 2.24-m telescope and Kiso 1.05-m Schmidt telescope. The instruments consist of 8kCCD camera with R-band filter (UH88 run) and 2K CCD camera with R-filter (Kiso run). Observations were carried out at UH88 on 2004 May 23 and at Kiso between 2005 May 2 and 14. The perihelion passage of this comet is on 2005 July 2. Both UH88 and Kiso data were obtained under the photometric condition. Results: Size of the dust particles can be identified by beta, the ratio of solar radiation pressure to gravity. No significant enhancement of the brightness on the line of beta<10 (assuming the spherical particles with mass density of 1.0 g/cc, the diameter is larger than 1mm grains). In this presentation we discuss the reasons of our negative results.


Starting from the functions and features of the measure items in the construction,this paper expounds in detail the compiling programs and valuating procedures of the MIB,and illustrates the compilation and valuation of the MIB by using the concrete example.


Dielectrophoretic (DEP) force, generated by interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), has been utilized to capture bio-particles for microfluidic concentration. However, due to the localized DEP force, DEP-based A -concentrators usually have shallow channels and thus are operated under low flow rates. In this thesis, we propose a mixer-enhanced DEPbased concentrator which can be operate under high flow rates (~200 pd/min) with 20 Vpp applied voltage. In particular, the optimal geometries of micromixers for the device are investigated and determined by simulations and experiments. The optimal micromixerenhanced concentrator exhibits up to 1.5 x improvement in trapping efficiency as compared to a concentrator without mixers. Thesis Supervisor: Joel Voldman Title: NBX Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science


The title compound, (C11H18N4)[CdBr4], was prepared by an anion exchange. The dihedral angle between the two planar imidazolium rings in the cation is 74.4 (4)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds between the cation and the tetrahedral anion, building up a three-dimensionnal network.


AIM
In order to improve the differentiation between hepatocellular carcinomas and regenerative nodules in patients with liver cirrhosis, Doppler-sonographic criteria for the tumours were evaluated.

METHOD
Patients with histologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 35) and regenerative nodules (n = 10) were investigated by B-mode sonography as well as fundamental and echo-enhanced power-Doppler sonography focusing on specific properties of the tumours. The results were correlated to the histological findings.

RESULTS
Hepatocellular carcinomas and regenerative nodules showed a different contrast behaviour with echo-enhanced power-Doppler sonography. The following features of hepatocellular carcinomas were frequently found: peritumoural signal detection in the early arterial phase, chaotic and centripetal contrast enhancement in the arterial phase, hypervascularization in the capillary phase, and loss of portalvenous blood flow.

CONCLUSION
Hepatocellular carcinomas and regenerative nodules display different vascularization patterns in the echo-enhanced power-Doppler sonography. These characteristics can be useful for their differential diagnosis.


The members of the lymphotoxin (LT) family of molecules play a critical role in lymphoid organogenesis. Whereas LTα-deficient mice lack all lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, mice deficient in LTβ retain mesenteric lymph nodes and cervical lymph nodes, suggesting that an LTβ-independent pathway exists for the generation of mucosal lymph nodes. In this study, we describe the presence of a lymph node in LTβ-deficient mice responsible for draining the genital mucosa. In the majority of LTβ-deficient mice, a lymph node was found near the iliac artery, slightly misplaced from the site of the sacral lymph node in wild-type mice. The sacral lymph node of the LTβ-deficient mice, as well as that of the wild-type mice, expressed the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 similar to the mesenteric lymph node. Following intravaginal infection with HSV type 2, activated dendritic cells capable of stimulating a Th1 response were found in this sacral lymph node. Furthermore, normal HSV-2-specific IgG responses were generated in the LTβ-deficient mice following intravaginal HSV-2 infection even in the absence of the spleen. Therefore, an LTβ-independent pathway exists for the development of a lymph node associated with the genital mucosa, and such a lymph node serves to generate potent immune responses against viral challenge.


The double fluorescent retrograde labeling method was used to examine the distribution of spinothalamic tract (STT) cells that project to the medial and lateral thalamus in the cat. Injections of one fluorescent tracer (Fast Blue or Diamidino Yellow) were made throughout the lateral thalamus and injections of the other tracer were made in the medial thalamus at sites extrapolated from recording track coordinates. Survival times were successively extended (up to 5 weeks) in order to maximize labeling in both the cervical and lumbosacral spinal cord. On average, over 2,000 labeled contralateral STT cells were counted in serial sections from segments C5–7 and L5–S2. Numerical variability of the order of a factor of two was attributable to inherent differences between individual animals. The total number of cells labeled with fluorescent tracers was comparable to the number labeled with horseradish peroxidase in control cases, although there were significant differences between the laminar distributions of labeling produced by the two methods. Injections made anterior to the thalamus to control for labeling due to leakage or passing fibers did not produce substantial spinal labeling. The laminar distribution of fluorescent dyelabeled STT cells was consistent; about half (47%) were located in lamina I, 8% were in lamina V, 5% in lamina VI, 20% in lamina VII, and 20% in lamina VIII. The proportions of STT cells in laminae I and V were higher in cervical segments (57% and 12%, respectively) than in lumbosacral segments (38% and 6%). The dominant contribution of lamina I cells to the STT thus revealed by the fluorescent tracers is striking.


Semicrystalline LaRC-TPI is known to be capable of recrystallizing to higher melting crystalline forms upon initial melting. The behavior of these different crystalline forms has not been studied before. The present study uses techniques of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry to investigate thes crystalline structural changes during recrystallization of this material. Semicrystalline LaRC-TPIs synthesized from three different laboratories are included in this work.


Existing power plants are the nation's largest single source of carbon emissions. In the absence of comprehensive federal climate change legislation, EPA is forging ahead with power plant controls through § 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. This article focuses on one critical consideration: the ancillary impacts of carbon controls on associated co-pollutants, like sulfur oxides, particulates, nitrogen oxides, and mercury. The article analyzes an array of regulatory options, including options that include both "inside-the-fence" reductions at power plants and "outside-the-fence" measures to reduce power sector emissions, like renewable energy and consumer energy efficiency. The article then evaluates the co-pollutant consequences of these options in terms of several factors: (1) distributional impacts, (2) stringency, (3) transformative potential, (4) capacity to generate real (rather than "paper") results, and (5) capacity to generate actual reductions from the power sector. Lastly, the framework is used to analyze two specific § 111(d) proposals: a narrow proposal from several states and EPA's proposed § 111(d) rule, released June 2, 2014.Although environmental justice concerns have focused on the potential adverse distributional consequences of cap-and-trade programs, the article reveals that distributional outcomes under all of the likely regulatory options are highly uncertain, and that other factors, like stringency, and taking a system-wide approach that fosters stringency, are likely to be the most important factors for maximizing co-pollutant benefits. By adopting a system-wide approach, EPA's proposed § 111(d) rule takes an essential step toward transformative power sector changes. Still unclear, however, is whether the specific state targets EPA established in its proposal will trigger the degree of change needed to maximize both GHG and co-pollutant reductions.


Nowadays radioterapy is still a standard treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer. Treatment with radiotherapy and or chemotherapy can effect the nutrient status of patients. Body Mass Index ( BMI ) is an indicator of a  nutrient status measurement. BMI is expressed as body weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters size. The objective of this study is to define the alteration of nutrient status in nasopharyngeal cancer patients with who underwent radiotherapy with Cobalt -60. With pre-post test single group method. The result showed significant decrease (P<0,05) of body weight a[er radiotherapy, i.e from 59.01 (SD 14.30) kg to 52.51 (SD 14.24) kg. Body mass index (BMI) prior to radiotherapy  22.42 ( SD 4.35 ) kg/m2  and  a[er radiotherapy 19.89 ( SD 4,23) kg/m2. It was concluded that there is a significant nutrient status reduction in nasopharyngeal cancer patients a[er radiotherapy with Cobalt-60


Digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms exhibit an increasing need for the efficient implementation of trigonometric functions, coordinate transformations or rotations of complex valued phasors. Popular application examples are algorithms used in digital communication technology and in adaptive signal processing. The trigonometric functions like cosine and sine form the building block of certain transforms like DFT, DCT, and FFT.


This paper proposes a statistical method for learning dependency preference of Japanese subordinate clauses, in which scope embedding preference of subordinate clauses is exploited as a useful information source for disambiguating dependencies between subordinate clauses. Estimated dependencies of subordinate clauses successfully increase the precision of an existing statistical dependency analyzer.


The present ACCESS design combines an ionization calorimeter with a transition radiation detector (TRD) to measure the cosmic ray composition and energy spectrum from H to Fe at energies above 1 TeV/nucleon to the "knee" in the all particle spectrum. We are in the process of optimizing the TRD design to extend the range of the technique to as high an energy as possible given the constraints of the International Space Station mission and the need to coexist with the calorimeter. The current status of the design effort and preliminary results will be presented.


The purpose of the study is to determine the prospects for development of protectionism as the dominant paradigm of countries' economic policies in the context of supranational regulation of international trade within the World Trade Organization (the WTO, Organization). During the study it was found out that the tools of modern protectionism include non-tariff import restriction measures, as well as fiscal and administrative measures to support production and export. The use of these tools contributes to an increase in compensation protectionist measures by trading partners. It was revealed that the WTO mechanisms limit the range of protectionist measures by participating in the provision of balance of interests of the WTO member states. The article concluded that in spite of the WTO crisis, manifested in the inability to reach new agreements based on the principle of consensus due to differences in the goals and interests of the participating member states, the WTO is interested in the safety and functioning of this institution. Participation in the Organization provides relatively non-discriminatory access of goods on foreign markets, and also allows you to defend the interests of the country during discussion of the modernization issues within the existing international trading system. At the same time, as it was noted, in the context of the WTO crisis, alternative platforms for implementation of economic interests of states are becoming regional economic units of different forms of integration.


This paper provides evidence on the incremental market reaction to a going concern emphasis of matter paragraph (GC-EOM) in the audit report over financial statements disclosure of a going concern uncertainty (GC-FS). We make use of a "natural experiment" provided by a change in Canadian audit report standards requiring a GC-EOM. Conditioning on the severity level of GC-FS disclosures (weak and severe), we find incremental negative abnormal returns and lower abnormal trading volume when weak GC-FS disclosures are accompanied by a GC-EOM. Regarding severe GC-FS accompanied by a GC-EOM, we find incremental negative abnormal returns for first-time disclosures of firms outside the natural resources industries as well as for repeat disclosures. These findings suggest that the emphasis of matter paragraph can have incremental value to market participants even when it provides no new information over that in the audited financial statements.


ABSTRACT Two model solutions and a real stream from the hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw were subjected to nanofiltration, and permeate flux, retention and resistance to fouling were evaluated. Three commercial NF membranes were tested, and a pressure of 4 bars (range: 1–20 bars) and a temperature of 20ºC (range: 20–50ºC) were found to provide the best results in terms of retention. A subsequent nanodiafiltration consisting of five cycles enabled one to recover 90% of the monosaccharides (purity >99%). This result showed that diananofiltration could be a promising strategy for the recovery of high-purity streams of monosaccharides from pretreatment liquids.


Recently there has been increased interest in regenerative amplification of short pulses in titanium-doped sapphire at wavelengths considerably shorter than 800 nm.'r2 The motivation is the use of the third harmonic of near IR radiation to seed KrF excimer laser amplifiers for the generation of ultrashort ultraviolet pulses with peak powers as high as 1 TW.' However, in the cases referenced above, the authors report difficulty in sustaining amplification at these wavelengths without physically impeding the cavity from lasing at 800 nm by means of a knife edge. In this paper we will present the details of a regenerative amplifier that not only oscillates unseeded at 745 nm, but has demonstrated tunability in its oscillation over a range from 735 nm to beyond 800 nm with one set of mirrors. A diagram of the cavity is shown in Fig. 1. The cavity design is based on a 2.5-m-long half symmetric confocal arrangement with the spherical mirror having a 5 m radius of curvature. All optics are designed for optimum performance at 745 nm. The prisms are SFlO and are placed with an apex separation of 28 cm to compensate the positive GVD introduced by the other intercavity elements. The tunability is achieved by the use of the prism pair in the cavity in combination with the spherical mirror in that end of the cavity. At the curved mirror, the spectrum is spatially dispersed as a result ofthe prism pair. Since the mirror has a finite radius of curvature, only a narrow band of wavelengths are retroreflected through the cavity and are therefore amplified. Experimentally, there is an optimum ratio of mirror radius R to overall cavity length L, which we find to be approximately 2. Higher ratios result in a loss of tunability, while a lower ratio results in severe spectral narrowing. Figure 2 shows the unseeded, Q-switched spectral output of the amplifier cavity. We realize that this method of tuning limits the pulse duration that may be amplified in this cavity as a result of spectral narrowing. However, since we are not interested in pulse durations shorter than -100 fs because of the finite bandwidth of excimer lasers, we are unaffected by this limitation. The amplifier is pumped with 25 mJ (+-0.2 mJ) from a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser, 60607-7059.


Details are given of a coding system for a binary source of information with one highly infrequent symbol. This code approaches the ideal compression ratio as the probability p of the infrequent symbol approaches zero.


This paper start with American community colleges' teaching ideas of "make no social distinctions in teaching",combining with the practical our country's higher vocational education to anglyses the location,teaching ideas and direction of running a higher vicational in our country,then discusses the development,students source and teaching mode of vocational education.


Two-dimensional triangular grids and three-dimensional tetrahedral grids were applied in the model.The finite volume method was used to discrete the integral form of the governing equations.Since these integral equations can be solved numerically by flux calculation over an arbitrarily-sized triangular mesh,the finite-volume approach is better suited to guarantee mass conservation in both the individual control element and the entire computational domain.The model computes the tide level as the external mode through solving the integral equations,predigests surface-and bottom-conditions using verticalσ -coordinate,and computes the vertical velocity profile through solving the three-dimensional equations.The three-dimensional tide current of the tidal channel is calculated,and then the results were validated with the measured data.The flow field distribution and controlling factors of tidal current were analyzed and discussed.


We modified the inter-regional business interaction model proposed in our previous paper, which considers substitutability and complementarity between face to face communication and telecommunication, and applied the model to longitudinal inter-regional interaction data. In 1990's, the telecommunication cost was remarkably reduced to 1/2 to 1/5 levels, but the telephone traffics did not increase accordingly. We clarified that the effect oftransportation cost, inter-regional business administrative relation are stable on the inter-regional interaction in different time points. Centralities of both cities became insignificant for the interaction, and it may result the stable trend of the telephone traffics.


The monoid $Cb$ of name substitutions and the notion of finitely supported $Cb$-sets introduced by Pitts as a generalization of nominal sets. A simple finitely supported $Cb$-set is a one point extension of a cyclic nominal set. The support map of a simple finitely supported $Cb$-set is an injective map. Also, for every two distinct elements of a simple finitely supported $Cb$-set, there exists an element of the monoid $Cb$ which separates them by making just one of them into an element with the empty support.In this paper, we generalize these properties of simple finitely supported $Cb$-sets by modifying slightly the notion of the support map; defining the notion of $mathsf{2}$-equivariant support map; and introducing the notions of s-separated and z-separated finitely supported $Cb$-sets. We show that the notions of s-separated and z-separated coincide for a finitely supported $Cb$-set whose support map is $mathsf{2}$-equivariant. Among other results, we find a characterization of simple s-separated (or z-separated) finitely supported $Cb$-sets. Finally, we show that some subcategories of finitely supported $Cb$-sets with injective equivariant maps which constructed applying the defined notions are reflective.


A new adaptive signal processing scheme based on the detection of the speech status is proposed to solve the problem of speech separation. The proposed method automatically determines the speech status of different speakers efficiently and controls the adaptive processing according to the different speech status, therefore, the transfer function of each acoustic path can be estimated more precisely, leading to improved speech separation results. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the conventional method which uses the mixed signals as the reference signal mutually, and the main reason is that the deterioration of the speech separation results caused by the impurity of the reference signal is avoided. Furthermore, the real-time implementation of the algorithm is promising because there is no necessity of reducing the convergence rate to guarantee the stability and the computation burden increase is within a tolerable range.


Agricultural Engineering Section of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (ISSCT) held a workshop between 12 and 17 October 2003 in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States of America. The papers presented at the woskshop were grouped under the following general headings: burnt versus green cane harvesting, land preparation and planting, trash management, crop maintenance and machinery costing and benchmarking. The five-day workshop program included two field tours in Louisiana as well as a post-worlcshop one-day tour of the Florida sugar industry. In this paper, the main issues emerging from the deliberations are discussed, and the issues that remain to be resolved are highlighted. The conclusions drawn were that modern chopper harvesters, under normal field and crop conditions, are capable of handling all but very heavy green cane crops. It was generally accepted that losses and extraneous matter levels are higher in green cane for both manual and mechanical harvesting systems. Furthermore, both manual and mechanical harvesting costs are higher in green cane compared to burnt cane. Best management practices for mechanical cane halvesting and planting were presented. While there are clear agronomic and environmental benefits in many environments from green cane harvesting, further research is required to stitdy the impact that crop residues have on ratoon crops under cool or wet conditions. Alternative post harvest residue handling equipment and systems also need further evaluation, particularly as residues are a potentially important energy source. The principles and standards for a uniform machinery costing protocol based on the classical costing approach were presented and accepted. This would be beneficial when reporting machinery costs at workshops and congresses. The ISSCT Agricultural Engineering Section held its 7'" Worlcshop in October 2003, in Thibodaux, Louisiana, USA to discuss the practical, agsonomic, economic and social iinplications of green cane harvesting, trash management, crop maintenance, planting and machinery costing, and benchmarking in sugar producing industries around the globe, The workshop was attended by 54 delegates representing 13 sugar producing countries and included delegates from Australia, Argentina, Colombia, England, Guatemala, Guadeloupe, Guyana, India, Mauritius, Reunion, South Africa, United States of America and Zimbabwe. The President and General Manager of the American Sugar Cane League (ASCL), Mr Charlie Melancon, welcomed the delegates at a formal reception held on Sunday 12 October. The Worlcshop was officially opened on Monday 13 October by Mr John Gay, Meyer, E. et a/. Proc. ISSCT, Vol. 25, 2005 Chairman of the Board, ASCL, who presented an historical overview of the Louisiana sugar industry and the role that the ASCL plays in that industry.


The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity for a practical isotropic conductive adhesive (ICA) composed of an epoxy-based binder was investigated. The ICA specimens were cured and post-annealed at various conditions in order to clarify the effect of curing state of adhesive binder on the electrical resistivity. The electrical resistivity at ambient temperature tends to decrease with increasing curing temperature even if they exhibit full conversion. The annealing effect that results in deviation from linearity in the temperature dependence of resistivity can be induced during heating process for resistivity measurement. These specimens exhibited similar values for temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) regardless of curing and post-annealing conditions. However, the thermal history of the specimens significantly influences the values of electrical resistivity.


11027 Background: Journal club (JC) is an essential tool in hematology/oncology fellowship to develop critical appraisal skills. The traditional JC format of reviewing an article followed by group discussion may not provide optimal education in appraising literature. We applied a novel JC curriculum and measured impact on fellow comfort with trial design, statistics, and endpoint interpretation. Methods: A novel JC curriculum was implemented for hematology/oncology fellows at Vanderbilt in the 2021-2022 academic year. JC for the prior year utilized the traditional format. We developed five focused learning objectives (LO's) for each JC and emphasized the goal was to not place the paper in clinical context but to focus on developing the foundational tools for critical appraisal skills. The sessions involved (1) 15 minute introductory lecture from a biostatistician to cover foundations of the LO's; (2) group discussion led by an upper year fellow to describe the paper in the context of the LO's; (3) question and answer session from the fellows to both the statistician and a clinical trial expert. We developed anonymous pre and post surveys to understand the impact of the novel JC curriculum on a 5-point Likert scale. Two sample unpaired t-test was used to compare mean differences. Results: A total of 15/22 fellows (68%) completed the pre-survey and 12/22 fellows (55%) completed the post survey. There was an even distribution of fellows by year in the pre survey and 33% first years, 41% second years, and 25% third years in the post survey. There was a statistically significant improvement in pre and post mean fellow comfort in understanding differences in trial types (2.9 vs. 4, p < 0.001), randomization strategy (2.6 vs. 4.25, p < 0.001), endpoints (3 vs. 4.1, p < 0.001), and interpretation of the statistical methodology of represented data (3 vs. 4.3, p < 0.001) on a 1-5 Likert scale (5 being entirely comfortable). In a subset analysis, we did a direct comparison of fellows who had previously participated in both JC formats (n = 9); the new format was rated as a more useful tool for learning data interpretation than prior with a mean of 4.8/5. When comparing fellow perception in the utility of traditional compared to the novel JC, there was a statistically significant mean improvement in utility of JC to prepare fellows to understand differences in trial types (1.9 vs. 4.1, p < 0.001), randomization strategy (1.4 vs. 4.5, p < 0.001), endpoints (2.7 vs. 4.5, p < 0.001), and interpretation of the statistical methodology of represented data (2.33 vs. 4.6, p < 0.001) favoring the novel JC. Conclusions: Fellows' comfort with trial design and content significantly improved with our novel JC. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a curriculum has been used in hematology/oncology training. Our successfully piloted novel JC model can be adapted to other fellowships to improve foundational skills in the critical appraisal of clinical trials.


Dyes are one of the most important industrial pollutants for environment and therefore their removal from industrial wastewater is very important. The malachite green is a very toxic dye for the environment and humans therefore an economical and high-efficiency method to removal this dye from water solutions is necessary and important. In this study, the removal of malachite green was investigated using a economical and effective adsorbent, in which activated carbon from date kernel was used. Activated carbon from date kernel was modified by Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and calcium oxide. The properties and characteristics of these adsorbents were investigated using FTIR, VSM, TGA, XRD and SEM analyzes. Parameters affecting the adsorption process such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration of malachite green were optimized. Equilibrium and kinetic study of adsorption process was performed using common models. The results showed optimal conditions for adsorption of malachite green using the adsorbent are: initial concentration equal to 10 mg/l,pH=7, contact time equal to 20 minutes, adsorbent dose for AC, AC/Fe3O4 and AC/Fe3O4/CaO equal to 3, 3 and 2 g/l, respectively. The Freundlich model also has a higher ability to describe process equilibrium behavior and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model has a good ability to express reaction kinetics. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of malachite green by the AC, AC/Fe3O4 and AC/Fe3O4/CaO was determined to be 50.9 mg/g, 85.7 mg/g and 107.4 mg/g respectively. The desorption and reuse ability of AC/Fe3O4/CaO was investigated up to 8 steps, which showed that the adsorbent has the ability to be reused several times in the adsorption process. The results showed that modification of activated carbon with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and calcium oxide increases its adsorption efficiency and makes it a suitable adsorbent for commercialization.


One of the challenges faced by current intelligent target recognition tasks is the lack of samples, especially in the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) images understanding. In this paper, we proposed an ISAR objects generative network to generate multi-aspect ISAR images. A simulated ISAR dataset of six types of aircrafts is produced via, using bidirectional analytic ray tracing (BART) method. Then, the proposed generative network is trained with the simulated ISAR dataset. We evaluated the performance of the proposed network using structural similarity (SSIM). The experimental results show that the generated targets are very close to the real ISAR samples, and the SSIM between generated and real ISAR images of aircrafts is larger than 0.7.


OBJECTIVE
We estimated the conversion from cognitively normal to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to probable dementia and death for underweight, normal, overweight, and obese older adults, where the timing of examinations is associated with the severity of dementia.

METHODS
We analyzed six waves of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Body mass (BMI) was computed from height and weight. Multi-state survival models (MSMs) examined misclassification probability, time-to-event ratios, and cognitive decline.

RESULTS
Participants (n = 6078) were 77 years old, 62% had overweight and/or obese BMI. After adjusting for the effects of cardiometabolic factors, age, sex, and race, obesity was protective against developing dementia (aHR=.44; 95%CI [.29-.67]) and dementia-related mortality (aHR=.63; 95%CI [.42-.95]).

DISCUSSION
We found a negative relationship between obesity and dementia and dementia-related mortality, a finding that has been underreported in the literature. The continuing obesity epidemic might complicate the diagnosis and treatment of dementia.


In reviewing John Michael Vlach's Back of the Big House: The Architecture of Plantation Slavery, William Van Deburg called attention to the problem that many historians have with the methodology of material culture: the idea that every artifact is "symbolic or emblematic," and the fact that those remains are obliged to bear considerable interpretive weight, often with little assistance from... literary sources."[1] That was in the early 1990s. Since then, material culture scholars have attempted to rectify this problem by going to greater lengths to reconcile the written, oral, and material records, particularly in the field of African-American history.


On the basis of being positioned in promoting the intergenerational fairness of the resource consumption,this paper studied the resources tax system design. In order to promote the sustainable use of resources,the levy range of the resources tax should be exhaustible resources; in order to influence resource consumption habits,the tax basis of resources tax should be the price of the resource; to have no too many negative impacts,resources tax should maintain a reasonable profit rate of mining enterprises; in order to play the regulatory role of the resources tax,the resources tax should be under the administration of the central government.


Objective To explore the gene expression pattern of Baicalin and Jasminoidin, which are main ingredients of Qingkailing (Chinese medicine for clearing heat to restore consciousness), and their combination in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Twelve 4-week-old mice were randomized into Baicalin group (Group BA), Jasminoidin group (Group JA), Baicalin and Jasminoidin combination group (Group BJ), Nimodipine group (Group NM). After making models of whole brain ischemia and reperfusion, they were administered Baicalin, Jasminoidin, their combination, and Nimodipine respectively. Total RNA was obtained from brain tissue to prepare the whole gene profile for gene ontology classification by gene function to construct the related coefficient matrix to make a comparative analysis with the principal component analysis (PCA) on the cell adhesion genes of different expressions.Results The 16463 whole gene profiles were obtained, from which 32 cell adhesion-related genes of different expressions were selected. PCA showed that the accumulation contribution rate of top two principal components of the four groups was 100%. The total score of Group BJ was more than that of Group BA and Group JA respectively. The total score of Group NM was higher than that of group BA and JA. The distribution of principal components showed that there was a long distance between Group NM and the three Chinese medicine groups, and the distance from Groups BJ to BA was nearer than to group JA.Conclusion Baicalin and Jasminoidin can effectively intervene the adhesion-related genes. The effect on adhesion-related genes of the combination of the two is greater than the single component, and their expression pattern is similar to that of Baicalin.


In this study, the ability of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) combined with refrigeration to preserve the physical and sensory characteristics of industrially produced typical Mediterranean dishes was compared with a more traditional preservation technique, i.e. freezing. To this end, some physical quality parameters (consistency and colour) and the sensory properties (appearance, odour, taste, colour and consistency) of 4 dishes prepared by the two different techniques were studied during storage. The results showed that, compared with freezing, MAP allowed the original characteristics of the product to be better preserved over the whole period of storage : even though not statistically significant, the sensory values for the MAP samples were higher than those for the frozen samples. This was also confirmed by the analysis of the results of instrumental consistency measurements, the values for MAP samples being significantly higher than the ones for their frozen counterparts throughout storage.


Strong boron fibre−reinforced aluminium matrix composites will be obtained by the hot−pressing technique, if the interfacial conditions are controlled within the range of temperature and time where degradation of fibres due to the interfacial reaction is not caused. On the basis of this idea composite specimens were prepared. It was found that the hot−pressing at 773 K for 1.2ks under apressure of 50MPa gave rise to a strong interfacial bonding but not degradation of the fibres due to the interfacial reaction, yielding high strength composites. The tensile behaviour of the composites with various interfacial conditions were investigated. The effects of interfacial condi− tions on the deformation and fracture behaviour of the cornposites were well understood by the experirnental results and the results of the computer simulation.


Letter from Ann Archer (nee Weston, wife of Joseph Archer) to Aunt Jane Clark 1861 - 1872. Written at Panshanger, Longford, Tasmania, dated January 25th, 1868.

Joseph Archer married Ann Weston, daughter of William Pritchard Weston and his wife Ann Dubrelle Clark on 28 Dec 1852. Joseph and Ann had nine children between 1854 and 1871.

"Aunt Janet much aged since I last saw her. Has not seen anything of Kate or Edward but Joseph saw them going to the chapel at Longford. Fanny Cleke I am told is very queer, and has an eruption over her face so badly she was not able to go to the dances. Robert Archer told Joseph at a sale last week that Edwards wife was no better. I saw nothing of the prince, he particularly requested that no ladies might be asked to meet him so I was written to and told not to come."

From the family papers of William & John Clark of Cluny, Bothwell Family 1812-1872-Royal Society Collection RS.8/F12


This paper suggests the strategy to promote IT business and market through open source BPM-based S/W. By adopting computerizing the small and medium enterprises at the center of Business Process Management, which is the "flexible system for process" and freely use depending on the business nature of company such as the type of business, strategy and size, it will result the substantial effects in computerizing small and medium enterprises. Through the production method of open S/W-based products in the community of domestic developers, produce products that depend on a certain vendor and optimize duplicated R & D investments among vendors.


The MATLAB Simulink model of a microgrid model is described in this paper. The microgrid model consists of a converter-fed distributed generator photovoltaic array with maximum power point tracking, a converter-fed battery storage system and a critical load which must be fed power in all circumstances. The microgrid is capable of functioning in either grid-connected or isolated modes of operation. A passive islanding detection method is utilized to switch over from PQ to V/F control mode, when islanding is detected. The behavior of the microgrid under various fault and other conditions is analyzed.


In the past year or so there has been increasing interest, both nationally and internationally, in the development and use of severity scales to describe the impact of incidents and accidents at nuclear installations. The issues involved in developing such scales have been reviewed within the CEGB and the merits and disadvantages of various approaches analysed. The main points to emerge from this review are summarised as an input to the wider debate that is developing, in particular in an international framework, on the potential benefits and uses of severity scales.


Being a habitat of the global village, every place has established connections through the strength and power of social media, piercing through the political boundaries. Social media is a digital platform, where people across the world can interact. This has a number of advantages of being universal, anonymous, easy accessibility, indirect interaction, gathering and sharing information when compared with direct interaction. The easy access to social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Twitter and blogs has brought about unprecedented opportunities for citizens to voice their opinions loaded with emotions/sentiments. Furthermore, social media can influence human thoughts. A recent incident of public importance had presented an opportunity to map the sentiments, involved around it. Sentiments were extracted from tweets for a week. These sentiments were classified as positive, negative and neutral and were mapped in geographic information system (GIS) environment. It was found that the number of tweets diminished by 91% over a week from 25 August 2017 to 31 August 2017. Maximum tweets emerged from places near the origin of the case (Haryana, Delhi and Punjab). The trend of sentiments was found to be – neutral (47.4%), negative (30%) and positive (22.6%). Interestingly, tweets were also coming from unexpected places such as United States, United Kingdom and West Asia. The result can also be used to assess the spatial distribution of digital penetration in India. The highest concentration was found to be around metropolitan cities, that is, Mumbai, Delhi and lowest in North East India and Jammu & Kashmir indicating the penetration of SNSs.


In recent years, pesticide resistance in some lepidopteran species, along with a general desire to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides, have led to increased interest in evaluating and enhancing the effects of naturally occurring biological control agents on the crucifer Lepidoptera. Due to the relative ease of documenting the impact of parasitoids on pest populations, however, virtually all the research on natural enemies have focused on parasitoids, while the role of predators has remained largely unexplored. Our work evaluating the effects of predatory arthropods on Pieris rapae in cabbage shows that generalist predators are responsible for much of the mortality of this pest in our area. We describe predator exclusion experiments and laboratory predation assays that demonstrate the important role of these natural enemies in reducing populations of P. rapae. As generalist feeders, these predators undoubtedly affect populations of other crucifer Lepidoptera as well and have the potential to survive in the crop at low pest densities by feeding on alternative prey. These attributes, along with their propensity to destroy the early stages of pests, make these predators potential key players in efforts to increase reliance on non chemical methods for managing crucifer Lepidoptera.


A new text.thickener was analyzed for its structure.The methods such as distn.and silica gel column chromatography were used to sep.the various components of the thickener,and the IR spectrometry,GC-MS combination and ESI-MS were used to certify the structures of the different components.


Technology continues to advance rapidly; it seems like there is a new "toy" on the market every time you turn around. Separating the really useful tools from all the "bells and whistles" can be a difficult task. One area of technology that we have found to be particularly useful is digital video (DV) production. For years, physical educators and coaches have used film and videotape to record physical activity and athletic events. DV has the same benefits as both of these media, but can be less expensive, easier to use, and produce higherquality images than either of them. Best of all, it has the potential to improve both teaching and learning. In the sections that follow, we will offer an overview of the potential uses and benefits of DV in physical education and athletics. First, we will provide a brief, non-technical description of the equipment needed (a glossary of DV jargon appears in table 1).Then, we will describe how DV can be used by both teachers and coaches to facilitate learning. You will need to know three things before getting started: (1) what hardware you will need to capture DV images, (2) what software you will need to edit these images, and (3) how to store DV files.


An important step in the validation of disorder-specific etiological models is the examination of the predictive specificity of proposed vulnerability factors. It may advance the understanding of the emergence of comorbidity and the identification of at risk-populations for mental disorders. To enhance the currently limited evidence on the specificity of Beck ́s cognitive diathesis—stress model of depression, the present study investigated longitudinal effects of dysfunctional attitudes and stressful life events on the development of depressive, eating disorder and aggressive symptoms in children and adolescents. A large sample of initially asymptomatic children and adolescents completed selfreport symptom measures at study entrance and again approx. 20 months later, and reported stressful life events during the study interval. Stressful life events proved to be a risk factor to all investigated symptom domains. Dysfunctional attitudes at T1 were prospectively related to depressive symptoms, aggressive behavior and weight concerns at T2. However, types of associations varied as dysfunctional attitudes showed linear associations with weight concern, but nonlinear effects on depressive and aggressive symptomatology. Findings of the current study thus suggest that dysfunctional attitudes are not uniquely related to the development of depressive symptomatology in children and adolescents, but may contribute to adverse outcomes in various symptom domains. Thus, intervention efforts based on Beck ́s vulnerability – stress model of depression may turn out to be useful in reducing vulnerability to a variety of outcomes in children and adolescents. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2476-1710.JDT-16-1324 Corresponding author: Susanne Meiser, University of Potsdam, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology | GRK 1668, Karl-LiebknechtStraße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Simultaneously predicting the future trajectories of heterogeneous multiple agents in a neighborhood is crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient operations of autonomous vehicles in intelligent transportation systems. The unsignalized roundabout is a typical traffic scenario wherein the multivariate and complex information interactions make the prediction task challenging. To address the aforementioned challenges, a macro-micro-hierarchical spatio-temporal attention (MMH-STA) architecture, which can effectively extract the temporal and spatial features of multiple agents based on the interaction mechanism, is presented in this article. This work makes three contributions: 1) A novel hierarchical framework, which considers the heterogeneity of different types of agents, is proposed for trajectory prediction in the roundabout environment. Similarly, the macro-state for interaction with the roundabout structure and the micro-state for interaction with other agents are introduced for an agent. 2) A heterogeneous graph is devised to represent the spatial interactions of a multi-agent, which is reflected in connections between different types of agents and the properties of nodes and edges in the graph. 3) A novel heterogeneous graph attention network with a multi-order neighborhood is designed to describe the spatial feature interactions in the neighborhood. Finally, a characterized decoder forecasts the future trajectories of multiple agents concomitantly. The experimental results reveal that the proposed model can effectively implement multi-agent trajectory prediction in roundabout scenarios with high accuracy and state-of-the-art performance compared to the baseline.


OBJECTIVE The aim is to understand the status of the cognition of smoking-related knowledge,attitudes,and psychological behaviors of the students in Hengdong No.1 middle school Hu'nan Province,analyze the causes of student smoking and provide the basis for the development of relevant intervention measures of smoking.METHODS Questionnaire is conducted in a total of 1 558 students from 1 to 3 Grade in Hengdong No.1 middle school Hu'nan Province to do the statistic analysis of their cognition,attitude and psychological behaviors about smoking-related knowledge.RESULTS Among the survey respondents,tried smoking rate is 45.5%,occasional smoking rate is 19.1%,the regular smoking rate is 16.1%,and the majority of students understand the dangers of smoking in some degree.CONCLUSION Students in Hengdong No.1 middle school Hu'nan Province have inadequate understanding of the dangers caused by smoking.Student's attitude towards smoking tend to have a try,the rate of trying smoking is higher,the age to try smoking is relatively young.The smoking behaviors are not only related to their smoking-related cognition and psychological behavior,but also influenced by some other factors,such as the habits of their parents,teachers,and students.


The study evaluates the regularity effect in the reading aloud of isolated words. School children from 1st to 3rd grade from a private school of Belo Horizonte City read, in two sessions, a list of 323 low frequency words. The stimuli varied from 4-8 letters and were classified into two categories of grapheme-phoneme and phoneme-grapheme regularity (regular and irregular). Measures of reaction time (RT) and of percentage of accuracy were collected. When we considered the grapheme-phoneme regularity, a general effect of regularity occurred in the errors, and this effect appeared both in RT and in the errors when we considered the phoneme-grapheme regularity. Such results suggest that, in Portuguese, the level of regularity of the spelling of words interfere in reading. In the light of these results, the methodology used for the construction of lists for the evaluation of the regularity effect in reading is discussed.


Conservation Agriculture (CA) is an effort to get sustainable farming, environmentally friendliness and increase production. CA is very necessary at this time to address the problems such as degraded land, erosion, declining production, global warming threat, pests and diseases pervasiveness, also for human survival in the future. Various countries and research institutes have started develop the CA concept throughout the world. There are many nomenclatures surrounding conservation agriculture and differ to each other lightly, so it requires a deep study site-specific and hihgly sustainability approach. Application and efforts of CA has been made for Horticulture especially vegetables crop in various places. Nevertheless, it needs on-farm assesssment in order to move forward CA concept rapidly, specific location application and economically viable, socially accepted and technically easy.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to metal forming and may be used for straightening of metal strips ≤1 mm thick. Expansion stress is created between the set of braking and pull rolls in metal strip that males, at least 70% of yield point. At least, lengthwise curvature is corrected in one set of multiple straightening rollers by sign-variable flexure. Note here that diameter of straightening rollers allows the strip to follow straightening roller curvature at selected stretch. Note also that said diameter increases from roller to roller. EFFECT: decreased lengthwise curvature and higher strip flatness. 20 cl


In recent decades, a new science has been born-the physics of noneqiulibrium processes, associated with such concepts as irreversibility, self-organization and dissipative structures [1]. Irreversibility plays a significant constructive role; it is impossible to imagine life in a world devoid of interconnections created by irreversible processes. The prototype of the universal law of nature is Newton's law, which can be briefly formulated as follows: acceleration is proportional to force. This law has two fundamental features. It is deterministic: once the initial conditions are known, we can predict motion. And it is reversible in time: there is no difference between predicting the future and restoring the past; movement to the future state and backward movement from the current state to the initial state are equivalent. Newton's law underlies classical mechanics, the science of the motion of matter, of trajectories. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the boundaries of physics have expanded significantly. We now have quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. But, as we will see from what follows, the main characteristics of Newton's law-determinism and reversibility in time-have been preserved. Is it possible to modify the very concept of physical laws so as to include in our fundamental time? The adoption of such a program entails a thorough revision of our formulation of the laws of nature, and it became possible thanks to the remarkable successes associated with the ideas of instability and chaos [1,2]. Returning to the results obtained for unstable mountain massive, we can note that monitoring studies must be carried out in an active mode, i.e. there must be a source of excitation (seismic or other nature), and a response is recorded from it for a short time, then the action must be repeated and for this process it is possible to construct phase diagrams of the state of the rock mass, indicating the degree of its instability for a finite time interval.


Summary The status of the subfamily Xenoperinae and genus Xenopera is discussed, and they are considered synonyms of the Proctoecinae and Proctoeces, respectively. Proctoeces maculatus is figured, and partly redescribed from several lots of specimens and 21 synomyms are listed, including Xenopera insolita. Comments on the life-history and biology are accompanied by tabulated lists of invertebrate and teleost hosts. Brief comments are made on Steringophorus thulini (syn.: Callodistomoides foliatus of Zubchenko (1975)) and Monascus filiformis (syn.: Karachitrema trilobata).


The invention belongs to the technical field of driving of electric wheel trucks, and discloses a four-wheel drive system of an electric wheel mining dump truck. The four-wheel drive system of the electric wheel mining dump truck comprises a power unit, a storage battery, a vehicle-mounted computer Ecu, a traction motor unit, a brake resistance box, a rectification unit, a drive control unit, a brake control unit, an excitation control unit and four motor control units, wherein the storage battery supplies power for the power unit, the vehicle-mounted computer Ecu and the drive control unit; the vehicle-mounted computer Ecu is connected with the power unit and the truck drive control unit sequentially; the excitation control unit is connected with the power unit; the power unit is sequentially connected with the brake control unit and the four motor control units through the rectification unit and the drive control unit; the brake control unit controls the brake resistance box to drive four traction motors through the four motor control units to drive four wheels respectively. By means of the four-wheel drive system of the electric wheel mining dump truck, power is diffused in a mode that the four wheels are driven independently, the multiple wheels bear the power, the total power and the traction torque of the motors are improved, and then the self rescue and adaptive capacity to environment are improved.