Valid indicators of the energy status of cows are the body condition, parameters of the metabolic profile, hormonal status, and organic components of milk. The energy status of cows of the Holstein-Friesian breed from four farms was estimated on the grounds of urea, protein and fat concentration in milk. Investigations covered 62 samples of milk (11 from farm A, 16 from farm B, 15 from farm C, and 20 from farm D). All cows were in the first stage of lactation and fed rations recommended for that category of animal. The average fat concentration in all milk samples was 23±13 g/l, the average protein concentration was 29±3 g/l, while the average urea concentration was 4.6±1.3 mmol/l. It could be concluded on the basis of the value for the milk fat concentration alone that a decreased milk fat syndrome was present. In addition, graphic presentations are given for the relation between urea concentration and protein concentration, as well as protein and fat concentrations in the individual milk samples. Such an analysis provided a more detailed picture of the energy status of the examined cows. It was established that cows on farm A had a deficiency of energy and protein, and cows on farms B and C a deficiency of energy with a relative surplus of proteins. It was established that cows from farm D had a deficiency of energy, and there was an equal number of cows with a deficiency and with a relative surplus of proteins. The obtained results provide grounds for making recommendations for correcting the feed rations and improving the health of the cows. It stems from the obtained results that the determination of urea, fat and protein concentrations in milk is a reliable indicator of the energy status of cows, that it is rational and financially acceptable for every producer, regardless of whether it is implemented in small or large cattle farms. The diagnostic procedures used so far have been implemented in a limited form in daily practice because of insufficient reliability (evaluation of body condition) or lack of economic feasibility (metabolic profile and hormonal status of cows).


Based on real statistics relating to production safety of various engineering projects and enterprises, specific precautionary measures against industrial accidents are stated in terms of engineering technology, safety education, management and cost. These will play a positive role in carrying out these basic principles; safety first, precaution-centered workplace, prevention of serious accidents and casualties, and promoting the ideal of safe production through enhanced understanding and application of these principles.


I appreciate this opportunity to introduce Erel Shalit and Nancy Furlotti's book, The Human Soul (Lost) in Transition At the Dawn of a New Era. Life partners, soul collaborators, and friends of mine, Erel and Nancy place their individual work and voices side by side in this unique offering which addresses the human soul and psychic lostness constellating individually and collectively as the God-image changes in our midst. Whether in chapters written together or separately, Erel and Nancy reflect on specific manifestations of the spirit of these times; in so doing, they bring alive both the reality of the living imagination and our need for a fresh connection to the psyche whereby we might find soulful passage through the "gamut" humankind faces today in relation to psyche and nature. The authors' writing draws life from Jung's deepest works relevant to our times. It gives us the opportunity to open our eyes, ears, and hearts to the reality of the psyche in contemporary manifestations of real individual and collective darkness. Written before the coronavirus global pandemic, the book is prescient in uncanny ways. It wakes us to warning signs we all had been living with even before this present moment in which the need for huge collective transformation has become so obvious. The book also helps us more carefully attune to the human soul and its current plight. The book has 20 diverse chapters in its 245 pages. Erel's chapters begin the book and Nancy's last four chapters and conclusion close it. Although Erel is given sole authorial credit on the covers and in the below citations, Nancy's contributions to the book are both substantial and essential in terms of its content and ultimate publication. Let us begin by examining Erel's portion of the book.


Social scientists who collect large amounts of medical data value the privacy of their survey participants. As they follow participants through longitudinal studies, they develop unique profiles of these individuals. A growing challenge for these researchers is to maintain the privacy of their study participants, while sharing their data to facilitate research. Differential privacy is a new mechanism which promises improved privacy guarantees for statistical databases. We evaluate the utility of a differentially private dataset. Our results align with the theory of differential privacy and show when the number of records in the database is sufficiently larger than the number of cells covered by a database query, the number of statistical tests with results close to those performed on original data increases.


An experimental and analytical investigation was carried out to examine the feasibility of using recycled glass fibres in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Different fibre volume fractions (0·5, 1, 1...


Indeed, Coetzee's propensity to write novels which are themselves disguised philosophical, historical and aesthetic dialogues, and which open up seemingly endless planes of debate, is a topic which in itself deserves further scrutiny. There are few writers today whose work so swiftly excites the appetite for explication and argument among scholars across the English-speaking world. In this issue alone, writers from several continents are gathered together in a virtual seminar in which they implicitly talk to and argue with one another about the various conditions of "disgrace" in a postcolonial world.


The invention relates to a ski wax composition to be arranged on the base of a ski. According to the invention, the ski wax composition contains substantially two components, wherein component A contains an aqueous dispersion and plastic pellets and component C contains a fluorine-containing wax compound which is substantially water-repellent.


The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in ischemic preconditioning remains controversial because of difficulties with both its measurement and pharmacological manipulation. We investigated preconditioning in isolated neonatal rat cardiocytes by expressing constitutively active isotypes of PKC. Observations at differing durations of simulated ischemia suggested β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity reflected viability within transfected myocytes. Preconditioning with 90 min of ischemia significantly increased β-gal activity and myocyte survival after 6 h of ischemia; an effect abolished by PKC inhibitors. After co-transfection with plasmids encoding β-gal and either constitutively active mutants of PKC-δ, PKC-α, wild type PKC-δ, or empty vector, cardiocytes were subjected to 6 h of ischemia. Only PKC-δ, rendered constitutively active by a limited deletion within the pseudosubstrate domain, consistently increased resistance to simulated ischemia (β-gal activity was 85.6 ± 11.9% versus 53.7 ± 6.5% (p ≤ 0.01) and dead myocytes 46.8 ± 3.4%versus 68.7 ± 2.8% (p ≤ 0.01)). Since transfection was apparent in only 5–12% of cells, the results suggested a protective bystander effect that was confirmed by co-culture of transfected myocytes with untransfected myocytes. In neonatal cardiocytes expression of active PKC-δ increases resistance to simulated ischemia. This observation may provide further insight into the mechanism and possible avenues for therapeutic exploitation of preconditioning.


This article deals with guidance in education and career guidance for youth.
Five aspects of guidance with major influence on the guidance process have been
described. These are: friendly organizational culture which is fundamental for
guidance, cooperation with the local community, assessment (diagnosis) of the
individual's characteristics, non-directive support in the development of learning
outcomes and non-judgemental description of achievements. The conclusions of
the research have been presented with regard to the above-mentioned areas.
The article presents various aspects of the assistance and support that can be
offered to young people while at school in view of their fundamental decisions
with respect to education and professional career.
It shows an approach to guidance that respects the individual characteristics
of a person. Guidance needs to be adapted to an individual's prospects for the future
success in the society and the labor market. It is also important that "the whole
guidance is education," and therefore guidance is an important factor affecting
the resources of an individual and their successful application in the future.
Education and career guidance is dependent on the organization's culture and
values. The cooperation of schools with the local community plays an important
role in guidance.
The concept of guidance is in line with democratic values and principles, according
to which each individual is responsible for themselves, their families and
the community. Guidance plays a crucial role in the development of an individual.


A total of 67 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from roots,branches and leaves in Dendrobium officinale.These strains were identified into 16 genera based on morphological characters and ribosomal DNA(rDNA) sequence analysis,thereinto Fusarium and Alternaria are dominant populations in D.officinale.From analysis results we found some endophytic fungi show a certain degree of host and tissue preference.The research provided theoretical basis for developing and utilizing the resources of endophytic fungi in Dendrobium.


Major compulsory Revisions The present paper describes the association of hypertension and DM with CKD in the United States, which includes the important information for handling CKD. However, there are some problems with this paper. If someones use anti-hypetensive medications, the prevalence data of hypertension is not completely defined. The prevalence ratio of high-cholesterol should be also modified by the use of lipid-lowering drugs. From these aspects, the author should re-analyze these data.


Data management and analysis are important for the application of water quality modeling in water environmental protection. The integration of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is discussed in this paper. The data management and analysis ability of this widely used water quality model was enhanced by the integration. Database methods are used to integrate the different types of modeling data into a GIS platform. The spatial data modeling and analysis capacity of GIS is used in the pre-processing and post-processing of EFDC. The integration application is demonstrated by a case study of the Lower Charles River Basin water quality model, which was built with EFDC and has 56 varying-size curvilinear horizontal grids and 8 vertical layers. The case study shows that the integrated system significantly improved the application of EFDC with more efficient data processing, organization and analysis, and can be used as a powerful tool for water environmental management and decision making.


OCCUPATIONAL M O U L D EXPOSURE A N D RESPIRATORY DISEASE MORBIDITY A M O N G BC L U M B E R MILL WORKERS by Lisa Anne Ronald University of British Columbia S Department of Health Care and Epidemiology Chairperson of the Supervisory Committee: Paul A. Demers Background: Previous studies have found woodworkers to be at an increased risk for nonmalignant respiratory disease (NMRD) compared to control populations, and mould exposure has been suggested as a possible cause of N M R D in woodworkers. The main objectives of this thesis were to develop a predictive model of mould exposure among BC lumber mill workers and to assess the risk of N M R D associated with mould exposure within a cohort of BC lumber mill workers. Methods: In the first study, multivariate linear regression modeling was applied to 223 personal samples of B-(l,3)-glucan (a marker of mould exposure) collected at four BC lumber mills, to produce a predictive model of mould exposure among workers. In the second study, quantitative exposure values derived from the predictive model were assigned retrospectively to a cohort of 11,200 BC lumber mill workers (employed at one of fourteen BC mills between 1979 and 1994 for at least one year) to develop cumulative exposure estimates.


The purpose of this research was to show open-ended questions about surface area and beam volume which valid and practice, have potential effect. This research is research development which consists of two main phases: preliminary phase (preparation phase and problem design) and formative evaluation phase (evaluation and revision phases). The objective of the study is the students of VIII.2 class of Junior High School 55 Palembang. The result of the study got 9 questions open-ended of surface area and beam volume materials which valid and practical. In addition, there was the potential effect of students' mathematical ability on the open-ended questions that have been given. The result of open-ended problem in the concept potential effect was 77,53%, reasoning ability was 59,79%, the communication ability was 57,02%, and problem solving ability was 67,01 %. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.9.1.4640.157-168


Two strains of bacteria (Burkholderia sp., strain FeGL01, and Burkholderia caribiensis, strain FeGL03) were isolated from a Brazilian high phosphorus iron ore. The capacity of both strains to solubilize hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), was assessed in plate and batch cultures. In batch cultures, the concentration of solution-P showed two kinetics: an initial one, characterized by a continuously increasing kinetics and a second one, characterized by oscillatory kinetics. To understand the nature of these oscillations, phosphatic residues in the spent broth were collected before, during and after the oscillations, and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive X-ray chemical microanalyses (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). From these studies, it was found that drops in P concentration were related to the formation of an intermediate phosphate in the residues, identified as brushite, CaHPO4 2H2O. Later increase of available P in the solution was found to be a consequence of re-dissolution of brushite crystals previously formed. Recrystallization of brushite was also detected in plate cultures after 12–14 days of incubation r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The presented paper contains wide description of the numerical analyses of aerodynamical phenomena occurring as a result of wind action on the Henryk Sucharski cable-stayed bridge in Gdansk. The detailed analysis of these phenomena was ordered by the scientific committee supervising the bridge construction. The calculations were performed be the researchers from the Department of Structure Mechanics of the Technical University of Lublin and the Institute of Structural Mechanics of the Cracow Technical University. The team manager was Professor Andrzej Flaga. The calculations included the following four topics: the static and dynamic analyses of the pylon at the stage of erection, the static and dynamic analyses of the bridge at the stage of erection, the static and dynamic analyses of the bridge at the operating stage, the dynamic analysis of the supporting cables at the operating stage.


The paper examines the interactive effect between psychological perception(PP) and LMX on IB using the answers to the questionnaires and a hierarchical regression analysis of 504 dyad samples of the leaders and their employees from local firms' R D team.The results demonstrate that LMX and IB are significantly correlated,and the PP has obvious function of adjusting the relationship between LMX and employees' IB.In addition,the interactional justice dimension has more significant regulating action than the supervisor trust dimension.


The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a passivated interface between a first layer and an adjacent layer. Passivation during the process are introduced in this layer structure and accumulated during a heat treatment at at least one interface of the first layer to the adjacent layer. This makes it possible to reduce the Schottky barrier and adjust the work function of the transitions. Components such. B. Schottky barrier MOSFETs with small or even negative Schottky barrier as source and / or drain contacts and spin transistors are disclosed.


Backgroun: Oral health literacy (OHL) is a valid and useful indicator of the overall oral health status and quality of life. The concept of oral health literacy with an emphasis on the quality of life (OHRQOL) can become a media to understand and shape the state of clinical practice and dental research. However, only a few studies on oral health literacy have been conducted for college student needs. Objective: Our study with the adopted literacy instrument has established a relationship between oral health literacy and a variety of oral health outcomes. This study's aim is to examine the association of OHL with oral health behavior and OHRQoL among college students in Taiwan. Methods: Descriptive, regression and path analysis are applied to examine the effects of the of each college student oral health literacy on oral health outcomes. A sample of 518 college student is collected at three colleges by using purposive sampling techniques. Results: Mean OHL ranged from 28.01 ± 2.75 to 26.05 ± 3.93 with significant differences among oral health status (p<0.01) in three college students. Path analysis appeared to be some expected significant relationships among OHL, self-efficacy, patient-dentist communication quality, oral health status and OHRQoL responses (p<0.05). Our result of the analysis showed a significant indirect relationship between oral health literacy and oral health-related quality of life (p<0.05). We identify a direct relationship between self-efficacy and oral health-related quality of life (p<0.001) as well as an indirect relationship between dentist communication and oral health status. These results suggest the importance and the unique contribution of oral health literacy. Conclusions: This study is significant as being the first study to ever measure and evaluate the level of Taiwan residents' literacy of oral health. In addition, the evaluations of college students' OHL and influencing factors while planning in oral care created basic component that formed the foundation of an effort to enhance OHL and provide proper oral health services. Key words: Oral health Literacy, Self-efficacy, OHRQoL.


Due to the COVID-19 pandemic many schools were forced to interrupt in-person delivery of educational services and switched to delivery of instruction in a remote setting. The educational impacts of school closures and remote instructional delivery have become a concern for the impact on an entire generation of students. Although delivery of behavioral interventions remotely is a topic that has been reported on in behavior analytic literature for over 15 years before this pandemic, few studies directly compared delivery of equivalent services across in-person and remote settings. Further, no studies included in recent literature reviews included comparative analyses between acquisition of novel instructional objectives across in-person and remote settings. Additionally, no studies are reported using verbal behavior developmental measures to identify potential prerequisites for benefitting from remote instruction. I therefore present a series of experiments to investigate the relative effectiveness of in-person and remote instruction as well as comparing outcomes for students grouped by level of verbal behavior development. In Experiment I, I conducted a carefully controlled experiment to compare rate of learning, rate of instructional presentation, and maintenance of objectives mastered across in-person and remote settings. I used a reversal design across 6 preschool aged participants with disabilities. The results indicate that some participants reliably mastered objectives and completed instruction faster in-person for 3 of 6 participants while the results for the other 3 participants were mixed. Overall, participants mastered objectives and completed instruction faster in-person in approximately half of the comparisons while showing no difference or learning faster remotely in the remaining comparisons. No consistent difference was shown in 14 and 21-day follow up maintenance measures. No consistent difference in the outcomes of students who demonstrated Naming compared to those who did not demonstrate any Naming. In Experiment II, I extend the findings of the previous experiments by comparing system wide educational outcomes of a hybrid in-person and remote educational model to the outcomes of the same model in a pure in-person setting in terms of fidelity of instruction, educational outcomes, and a cost analysis to determine how much the transition to remote provision of instruction costs stakeholders. Further, I compared educational outcomes across students categorized by level of verbal behavior development. The results indicate that the total number of learning opportunities and objectives mastered are significantly higher during a fully in-person model when compared to a hybrid educational model containing a remote instructional component. Further, when comparing educational outcomes across groups of students categorized by level of verbal behavior development, the results indicate that the rate of learning and objectives masted are significantly increased once students demonstrate joining of the listener and speaker repertoires as indicated by the presence of the Naming capability. The implication of the results are discussed in terms of feasibility of remote instruction as an alternative to in-person instruction as well as the importance of identifying and establishing the Naming capability for students to best benefit from remote instruction.Keywords: Telehealth, COVID-19, remote instruction, virtual instruction, verbal behavior development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)


Although there exists a pure separating equilibrium of the two-bidder first-price auction with resale when the bids are kept secret, the ratchet effect prevents the existence of such an equilibrium if the bidders are heterogeneous and the bids are fully disclosed. Nevertheless, we construct a behavioral equilibrium under full disclosure that is equivalent to the pure separating equilibrium under no disclosure. Thus, if the bidders follow this equilibrium, the choice of the disclosure regime does not affect the final allocation of the item nor the expected payoffs. Copyright (c) 2010, RAND.


From time to time health workers may wish to examine the historical development of some health problem, or of a field of health endeavor. An awareness of the methods available for historical investigation at the present time is usually lacking in such situations. Notions derived from an earlier period are still quite prevalent. For this reason the volume edited by Dr. Clarke may be useful to those with some interest in health matters. Various approaches to health data are considered, among them the investigation of disease in the past and present, the analysis of demographic data, the use of automation, maps, oral history, the graphic representation of information, the study of ideas and a number of other topics. This volume should certainly be available in schools of public health, medicine, nursing, social work, and in other educational institutions having to do with health. GEORGE ROSEN


Existing structure of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology education-professional complex is represented. This structure has proved its validity, has shown its effectiveness in specialist training on high technologies and its ability to respond adequately to employment market. New elements in bi-level higher education are disclosed.


We herein describe a rare case of low‐grade endobronchial tumor that exhibited two distinct features of typical carcinoid and acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) by immunohistochemical and ultrastructure study. ACC was suspected on transbronchial biopsy. The resected specimen showed that the tumor surface comprised an acinic cell component (40% of the tumor), and the central area comprised typical carcinoid (60% of the tumor). The acinic cell component was positive for chromogranin A, synaptophysin and alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin. Additionally, this component showed focal apical membranous staining for DOG1 and weak positivity for BCL10 and SOX10. Conversely, the carcinoid component was negative for all proteins except for chromogranin A and synaptophysin. Electron microscopy indicated zymogen‐type granules (600–800 nm in diameter) in the acinic cell component, whereas neuroendocrine‐type granules (200–300 nm in diameter) were observed in the carcinoid component. Nuclear NR4A3 immunostaining, which is highly specific for ACC of the salivary gland, was negative in this case. We conclude that the pulmonary carcinoid tumor with true zymogen‐type granules could be seen but showed superficial similarities to ACC based on negative nuclear staining for NR4A3. Pulmonary carcinoids encompass a wide morphological spectrum and may exhibit prominent acinic cell differentiation.


The catecholamine dopamine plays a role in the functioning of numerous vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. In mammals, dopamine affects a diverse array of processes, such as motor control, cognition, emotion, neuroendocrine regulation, positive reinforcement, and cardiovascular regulation. Moreover, dopamine responsive systems have been implicated in several pathologic conditions, such as schizophrenia, tardive dyskinesia, Parkinson's disease, Tourette syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, and possibly Huntington's chorea. The quest to find new drugs to combat the symptoms of these conditions has led to the discovery of numerous synthetic agonists and antagoni sts for dopamine receptors. At the cellular and biochemical level, dopamine also exhibits a wide range of effects, including stimulation and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (Stoof & Kebabian 1984), stimulation of potassium channels (Sasaki & Sato 1 987), alterations of phosphotidyl inositol (Mahan et al 1 990) and arachidonic acid metabolism (Kanterman et al 1991; Piomelli et al 1991), changes in .neuronal firing rates (Walters et al 1987), and alterations of gene expression (Gerfen et alI990). Dopamine mediates these diverse effects through interactions with specific receptor proteins, and one of the challenges has been to i dentify these receptors and elucidate their properties. B y characterizing the structure, function,


The situation of defending the commodity packing from fabricated is analyzed.The numeral technique of defending the commodity packing from fabricated is put forward.Consequently,the numeral technique based on defending the commodity packing from fabricated and MIS is developed.Its design thougtht and approach to complement is introduced in the paper.


We present a novel method for regulating the shell thickness of core–shell microspheres consisting of a polymer core and graphene oxide (GO) or a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) shell. A strategy of pH-induced instability of GO and its gradual assembly with the core particles is employed. Interestingly, the thickness of the shell gradually increases from around 20 to 70 nm as the pH of the suspension decreases from 10 to 3 during the assembly process, which significantly changes the electrical properties of the core–shell microspheres. We fabricated core–shell microspheres with a broad range of electrical conductivities from 1.79 to 31.43 S m−1.


Poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HAp) core–shell particles are prepared using the emulsification method. These particles are safe for living organisms because they are composed of biodegradable polymers and biocompatible ceramics. These particles are approximately 50–100 nm in size, and their hydrophobic substance loading can be controlled. Hence, PLA/HAp core–shell particles are expected to be used as drug delivery carriers for hydrophobic drugs. In this work, PLA/HAp core–shell particles with a loading of vitamin K1 were prepared, and their drug-loading ability was evaluated. The particles were 40–80 nm in diameter with a PLA core and a HAp shell. The particle size increased with an increase in the vitamin K1 loading. The drug-loading capacity (LC) value of the particles, an indicator of their drug-loading ability, was approximately 250%, which is higher than the previously reported values. The amount of vitamin K1 released from the particles increased as the pH of the soaking solution decreased because the HAp shell easily dissolved under the acidic conditions. The PLA/HAp particles prepared in this work were found to be promising candidates for drug delivery carriers because of their excellent drug-loading ability and pH sensitivity.


The physical properties and a microphase-separated structure of multiblockcopolymers based on flexible segments of poly(1,4-oxytetramethylene)(PTMO) and rigid crystalline segments of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) modified by ionic units were studied. Ionic copolymers were characterizedby limiting viscosity number, melt flow index, and tensile property measurements. The mechanical behavior of ionic poly(ether-block-sulfonated ester)(PESE) copolymers can be compared to that of conventional hard-soft thermoplasticelastomers. The phase structure was studied using differential scanningcalorimetry (DSC). Clearly, the DSC results show that the ionic unitsin the polyester segments have no significant influence on the microphaseseparation structure of PESE. A small reduction of the degree of crystallinitywith increasing content of ionic groups in the polyester rigid segments wasobserved. This results from the effect of ionic forces caused by incorporationof ionic units in the polyester segments. *Dedicated to Prof. Francisco J. Balta´ Calleja on the occasion of his 65th birthday.


Abstract Many studies have demonstrated that plants have the ability to affect flow velocity, and plant materials have been investigated for their potential to be used as a buffer zone to prevent riverbank erosion. However, relatively few studies have investigated the effects of plant characteristics on flow conditions. In this study, an artificial channel was constructed to (1) investigate the nature of the morphological changes undergone by aquatic Oenanthe javanica DC (water celery) macrophytes in response to different channel flow velocities and (2) identify the tolerance limit of aquatic macrophytes under different flow velocity conditions. Results show that the morphology of Oenanthe javanica DC exhibits the following variations under different flow velocities: as flow velocities increase, growth rate slows and plant shoots become shorter and softer, thereby increasing plant flexibility. These variations were accompanied by a decrease in root length and root anchorage capacity. In response to differ...


As advanced systems continue to advance and fuse functions expand, the demand for higher power supply requirements for fuses has increased. Consequently, researchers have turned their attention to the recovery of energy from the environment. Piezoelectric energy harvesting has gained significant popularity due to its advantageous characteristics, such as high energy density, ease of implementation, and compact size. However, the presence of various component types within the energy harvesting circuit inevitably results in the generation of reactive power, leading to a reduction in the circuit's power factor. To address this issue, this paper introduces the adoption of the third-order valley-fill circuit as the power factor correction circuit. The implementation process involves the utilization of Multisim software to simulate the double-limit zero-crossing detection circuit, pulse signal generation circuit, and power factor correction circuit. Furthermore, the aforementioned circuits were subjected to plate-level welding, followed by individual tests to evaluate the effectiveness of the double-limit zero-crossing detection, pulse signal test, and load voltage measurement. These findings unequivocally exemplify the successful accomplishment of the intended objective of augmenting the output power by the third-order valley-fill circuit.


T H E SOCIETY for Medieval Archaeology has always sought to encourage collaboration between those trained in the discipline called archaeologythat branch of historical study which is concerned with the discovery and interpretation of the material remains of the past-and those schooled primarily in the study of written records. Such collaboration has long been taken as a matter of course by students of the early middle ages, where written records are scarce, but it has not so readily been accepted by those working on the later middle ages, where the abundance of written records has tended to deter archaeologists from considering their evidence and has often caused historians interested primarily in documents to be absorbed in them to the exclusion of all else. Yet here too cooperation can prove very valuable, as enterprises like that of the Deserted Medieval Village Research Group have shown. My own small essay in collaboration today is an attempt to solve a medieval textile conundrum. By bringing together all the available evidence-documentary, philological and archaeological-it seeks to discover the character of a famous, but mysterious, woollen textile of the r zth and 13th century, 'haberget', and in doing so it opens up problems of wider significance than the meaning of a single word. The argument that follows is in a very real sense a cooperative effort. It owes an immense debt to discussions with archaeologists in England and abroad, especially to Dr. Marta Hoffmann of Oslo, whose major work on the warpweighted loom was in progress when our discussions began some ten years ago. It owes no less to a philologist, Professor Brian Woledge of University College, London, who at that same time was investigating the meaning of 'haberget', which he had encountered, in its French forms, in Old French literature. With great generosity he has put his notes entirely at my disposal; hence the etymological argument is virtually his own. The term 'haberget' has baffled the dictionary makers all down the ages, so much so that the New Oxford English Dictionary takes refuge in defining it merely as 'a kind of cloth'. Yet haberget was one of only three kinds of cloth specifically singled out for mention in Magna Carta, which prescribed its width; it was named as the speciality of Stamford in a 13th-century list of English towns; and it was used for the clothing of kings and queens. Surely then we ought not to rest content to know nothing at all about what it was like.


Abstract We present an update of the monitoring campaign we have undertaken to probe the most massive black holes in powerful quasars at high redshift through the reverberation mapping technique. Once this campaign has finished, we will be able to directly measure broad line region (BLR) sizes of quasars at z ~ 2−3, improving dramatically the BLR size-luminosity relation, and therefore, black hole mass estimates based on this relationship. So far, we have identified a dozen highly variable sources suitable for future cross-correlation analysis and reverberation measurements.


This present paper proposes aerodynamic forces and entropy generation characteristics on the flow past two-dimensional airfoil at low Reynolds number by multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method to clarify the flow loss mechanism. The block mesh refinement was adopted in which a higher accuracy was needed in parts of the domain characterized by complex flow. The interpolated bounce-back method was used to treat the irregular curve. This numerical method can effectively solve the complex flow field simulation problems with reasonable accuracy and reliability by simulating flow around plate and airfoil. Based on second law of thermodynamics, an expression of entropy generation rate for arbitrary control volume was derived theoretically which could accurately quantify the local irreversible loss of the flow field at any position. After that, a comprehensive numerical study was conducted to analyze relationship of entropy generation and drag force by taking NACA0012 airfoil as the research object. For unsteady condition, entropy generation rate and the drag force are not linearly related any more. Losses due to steady effects mainly consider the irreversibility in the boundary layer and wake while the unsteady effects come from the interaction between the main separation vortex and the trailing shedding vortex. AMS subject classifications: 76-10, 76D17, 80M22


Objective To study the association of serum CA125 level and heart function in elderly with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods The levels of serum CA125,several tumour markers(CEA,AFP,CA199,CA15-3, CA724),AST,ALT,creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),uric acid(UA) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) were measured in 152 elderly male CHF patients.Echocardiographic records including Ve,Va,Ve/ Va,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and LV ejection time were analyzed.The patients were divided into three groups based on New York Heart Association(NYHA) Classification:classⅠ-Ⅱgroup,classⅢgroup and classⅣgroup.Results(1 ) Only CA125 and NT-proBNP seemed to be specifically related to the severity of heart failure.CA125 and NT-proBNP levels increased with the NYHA functional class[ClassⅠ-Ⅱgroup:10.2(3.43-32.3)×10~3U/L;ClassⅢgroup:54.5 (35.0-179.3)×10~3U/L;ClassⅣgroup:88.9(20.2459.1)×10~3U/L,P 0.05].There were no significant differences in other tumour marker levels among 3 groups.(2) Serum CA125 levels(×10~3U/L) in patients with pleural effusion,atrial fibrillation or peripheral edema were significantly higher than those without above characteristics[78.2 (32.4-459.6) vs.11.3(3.4-38.9),67.7(32.5-321.1) vs.10.3(3.5-34.6),45.6(32.6-213.7 ) vs.11.5(3.6- 35.4),all P 0.01].(3) Serum CA 125 levels were negatively correlated with LVEF(r = -0.3016,P =0.006),LV ejection time(r = - 0.3336,P = 0.004 ),and positively correlated with NT-proBNP(r = 0.3537,P = 0.002 ). Conclusions Serum CA125 level reflects the severity of CHF and relates to NT-proBNP,LVEF and LV ejection time.


Currently, there is a rapid development of technology, an increase in speed and an increase in the power of machinery and equipment. This leads to an increase in harmful noise and vibration, which negatively affects working conditions. One of the highly effective ways to reduce harmful noise and vibration is the use of damping materials. Alloys of the manganese-copper system belong to this group of materials. In some cases, this method is the only possible noise reduction method. Therefore, the development and study of new materials, the provision of new opportunities, their application is relevant. In the course of the study, methods of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, tests for the wear resistance of the material under unsteady friction, the method of homogenization, methods of microstructure research were used. It has been found that in quaternary alloys of the Mn-Cu-Ni-Al system, the effect of nickel slowing down the decomposition processes can be balanced with aluminum in a nickel-aluminum ratio of 2:1. It is known that the formation of the Ni-Al phase can further strengthen the alloy. The obtained results of tests on the wear resistance of the zirconium-doped alloy provided the basis for further research in the development of new Mn-Cu-based alloys. Before and after heat treatment, the alloy structure was studied, the chemical composition was determined, hardness and microhardness were measured, and the coefficient of wear resistance was determined. The results can be used to determine the direction of further development in the field of structural materials.


Electron transfer of Hemoglobin (Hb), at a bare graphite electrode, is too slow to observe its redox peaks. The results of present study demonstrate that the fine redox waves of Hb could be achieved after the modification of the graphite electrode by multi-walled carbon nanotube (diameter, 20 nm). The cathodic and anodic peaks of Hb occurred at the potentials of -257 and -140 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively. Redox peak currents increased linearly as Hb concentration increased from 15 to 90 μm. The correlation coefficient and detection limit was 0.992 and 9 μm, respectively. A hydrogen peroxide biosensor, based on carbon nanotubes-modified graphite electrode, has also been developed during the present study. Hb was co-immobilized on the carbon nanotubes-modified graphite electrode by nafion film. The electrochemical characteristics of the biosensor were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The biosensor displayed an excellent electro-catalytical response to the reduction of H2O2. The linear range was 10 to 400 μm, with a detection limit of 5 μm.


Due to acidification and eutrophication, extensive areas of sandy, dry and lichen-rich dune grasslands (Violo-corynephoretum) are overgrown by the invasive moss species Campylopus introflexus. Species assemblages of spiders, carabid beetles, Sciaridae and Empidoidea differed between a Violo-corynephoretum reference site and moss-encroached sites. Sciaridae emerged in relatively high numbers from thick moss layers, Empidoidea showed a preference for moss-encroached sites. This suggests that moss-encroachment induces changes in soil fauna composition. Total activity of both carabid beetles and spiders was significantly lower in the moss-encroached sites, suggesting lower food density in moss-encroached dry dune grasslands. Night-active carabid and spider species showed equal or higher activity in the moss-encroached sites, whereas day-active species had a lower activity in moss-encroached sites. This indicates that moss-encroached sites have a more extreme microclimate, or that specific vegetation structures used by xerophylous species disappear by moss-encroachment.


The invention provides a method and a device for generating a time-based seed page set. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring and analyzing the attribute information of a plurality of pages to be judged; screening pages of which the attribute information satisfies a time-based seed page attribute condition from the pages to be judged; aggregating the screened pages satisfying the time-based seed page attribute condition to generate the time-based seed page set. According to the method and the device, the pages to be judged can be screened based on the time-based seed page attribute condition, and the pages satisfying the time-based seed page attribute condition are screened and aggregated into the time-based seed page set, so that the recall rate and accuracy of time-based seed pages are ensured.


This study presented an automatic optical inspection system for the assembly and evaluation of an optical encoder, and the system analyzed the output signal quality of the light transmission grating linear encoder. The reference grating was affixed to the side architecture of the detection system in order to maintain the correct optical path, and the main grating was driven by the x–y Precision platform. Brightness variations can be detected and recorded by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera during grating movements, using image noise depression, background separation, and fringe calculation with new image processing algorithms. The output imaging signal of a traditional linear encoder passes through a circuit filter, where amplification and rectification form a sinusoidal waveform. This system can accurately measure the light intensity variations of the encoder through machine visioning and image processing, while simultaneously determining noise and non-uniformity. This study conducted analysis on the moire width between the gratings of the flip relationship, implemented grating alignment and adjustment, and improved the assembly position and resolution of the image, in order to obtain good quality in output signals.


Aim. To compare the prevalence of West's syndrome in very preterm babies and in babies with prematurity of 1–2 degrees. Methods. Both retrospective and prospective study including 241 preterm babies who received out-patient or in-patient aid for different neurological disorders. Inclusion criteria for the first group were diagnosis of a neurological disorder, gestational age less than 31 weeks and birth weight not exceeding 1500 grams. Inclusion criteria for the second group were diagnosis of a neurological disorder, gestational age of 32–37 weeks and birth weight ranging from 1501 to 2500 grams. Results. Severe central nervous system damage, including such conditions as spastic quadriplegia (126 out of 157 1 st group babies, 80.3%, and 40 out of 84 2 nd group babies, 47.6%, р st group babies, 78.3%, and 40 out of 84 1 st group babies, 47.6%, р st group, in 3 (3.6%) of cases in 2 nd group (HR=4.4, 95% CI [1.28; 15.16], χ 2=6.42, р=0.01). In 21 (95.5%) of West's syndrome cases, modified hypsarrhythmia was diagnosed by video electroencephalogram monitoring. Severe cerebral hypoxia of higher degrees, periventricular leukomalacia and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum were more common in 1 st group babies. Conclusion. Our study showed that the prevalence of West's syndrome in very premature infants with neurological disorders was 4.4 times higher compared to babies with prematurity of 1–2 degrees. There was an association between West's syndrome in preterm babies and such cerebral disorders as severe cerebral hypoxia of 3 rd degree, periventricular leukomalacia and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum.


Aspired to build intelligent agents that can assist humans in daily life, researchers and engineers, both from academia and industry, have kept advancing the state-of-the-art in domestic robotics. With the rapid advancement of both hardware (e.g., high performance computing, smaller and cheaper sensors) and software (e.g., deep learning techniques and computational intelligence technologies), robotic products have become available to ordinary household users. For instance, domestic robots have assisted humans in various daily life scenarios to provide: (1) physical assistance such as floor vacuuming; (2) social assistance such as chatting; and (3) education and cognitive assistance such as offering partnerships. Crucial to the success of domestic robots is their ability to understand and carry out designated tasks from human users via natural and intuitive human-like interactions, because ordinary users usually have no expertise in robotics. To investigate whether and to what extent existing domestic robots can participate in intuitive and natural interactions, we survey existing domestic robots in terms of their interaction ability, and discuss the state-of-the-art research on multi-modal human–machine interaction from various domains, including natural language processing and multi-modal dialogue systems. We relate domestic robot application scenarios with state-of-the-art computational techniques of human–machine interaction, and discuss promising future directions towards building more reliable, capable and human-like domestic robots.


Marshmallow ( Althaea officinalis ) belongs to family Malvaceae, a medicinal plant used in traditional and alternative medicine in various parts of the world. Marshmallow is one of the seven medicinal plants that are collectively known as Joshanda. It is a herbal preparation which has been used traditionally as a home remedy for the treatment of common cold, coughs, nasal congestion, and fever. Previous studies showed that crude extract and/or purified compounds from flowers, root, and leaves from Marshmallow have anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological effects. However, there is no data reported on the biological activity and the structure of proteins isolated from the seeds. Therefore, this study is carried out to purify and characterize proteins and peptides from Marshmallow seeds as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica , Staphylococcus aureus , Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cytotoxic activities in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Extraction of proteins was performed in 20 mM Tris/HCl pH 8.0, then purified by the combination of gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. Purified proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The partial amino acid sequence of 22 kDa protein was established up to 25 residues by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. The data suggest that Marshmallow RP-HPLC purified protein is a monomeric protein of 22 kDa. The amino acid sequence alignment using BLASTp revealed similarity in 22/25 amino acid residues with Thaumatin from Corchorus capsularis. The MTT assay of Marshmallow crude protein led to a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 cells with an IC 50 value of 163.29 µg/ml. The gel filtration pooled fractions 5-8, 9-11, and 12-13 showed 58%, 46% and 32% inhibition respectively. The antimicrobial activity of crude protein extract showed 69% inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Proteomic evaluation of crude Marshmallow protein tryptic peptides achieved by LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analysis using SwissProt Viridiplanta database and Mascot search engine. The De novo protein/peptide sequence search by Peaks Studio-X identified 76 proteins belonging to 9 protein groups.


In order to verify the feasibility and reliability of deformation characteristics extraction to GPS dynamic monitoring data by wavelet analysis method,firstly,the wavelet transform and multiresolution analysis is focused and in deep analysis.Then,the wavelet decomposition of noise characteristics are in the detailed analysis.At last,through examples it demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of the deformation characteristics extraction to GPS dynamic monitoring data based on wavelet analysis method.This paper obtains the feasibility and reliability of deformation characteristics of extraction to GPS dynamic monitoring data,and its extraction is superior to the median filtering method.


The sense of smell is different from hearing and vision, and it is difficult to define it in a simple way. There is a big deviation between the artificial olfactory recognition odor and the machine olfactory recognition odor in the past. This paper proposes a method to predict odors based on the structural features of chemical molecules. Based on manual extraction features and PCA extraction features, KNN, decision trees, and naive Bayes algorithms are used to construct odor prediction models and compare recognition rates. The experimental results show that the establishment of an odor recognition model based on the structural characteristics of molecules can realize the prediction of unknown odor types, and the odor recognition rate of the model based on the PCA extraction feature combined with the decision tree algorithm is higher. The method is simple and stable, overcomes the complicated process of manually extracting features and the non-universality of features, and improves the accuracy of odor recognition. Using the method of big data analysis, the machine learning algorithm is applied to the field of chemistry, which provides a new method for the study of odor and molecular structure in the field of flavors and fragrances.


Within the past six months there has been tried, in this State (Michigan), a murder case, in which an interesting and important question was presented to the medical experts. The facts of the case, so far as expert testimony was concerned, are briefly as follows:—Mathew Millard was accused of poisoning his wife with arsenic. The lady was taken sick about April 18, 1882. She was seen nearly every day, and sometimes twice a day, by a physician, and twice the attending physician had counsel. The lady had long been subject to uterine trouble (the nature of this trouble does not seem to have been understood by the attending physician). During her illness she vomited frequently, and, indeed, seldom retained either food or medicine. The testimony as to the symptoms manifested was so confused and conflicting that nothing could be made out of it. The attending physician thought she had fever,


In a control system for automatically controlling the operation of actuators of an excavator, flow rate of hydraulic fluid from the main hydraulic pumps to each actuator is automatically controlled on manipulation of controls levers/pedals for initiating or stopping movement of the actuators. An electronic controller receives signals corresponding to lever manipulation theta i, also to positions Si of the actuators, and determines whether the levers are in an acceleration or reduction mode. If the mode is one if acceleration, output velocities Vf are produced, each of which corresponds to an acceleration velocity Va, to a maximum equal to a predetermined value Vi set in accordance with lever position. If the mode is one of reduction, each output velocity Vf corresponds with a reduction velocity Vr, to a minimum equal to the same predetermined value Vi. The output velocities are used to produce values Qi corresponding to the required flow rates of the main hydraulic pumps.


This case study examines the challenges of implementing a vaguely defined concept called sustainability in a large organization that also has a cooperative structure. Stakeholder theory is described and applied to a multinational dairy firm. The case firm, Land O'Lakes, must balance the needs of multiple constituencies: the general public, employees, cooperative members, external funding organizations, and the management team. One challenge is to define sustainability for the entire dairy industry. The case discusses the strategies used by firms in developing a sustainability response where the tradeoffs between different strategies are between credibility and autonomy and using an industry rather than a firm-level response.


Launch-off-Shift (LOS) is a widely used technique for delay test in scan-based design. Test data compression for LOS patterns, however, is less efficient. In this paper, we first analyze the reason for low compression rate in LOS patterns, and present an LOS test enabled scan architecture that supports three operation modes: broadcast, multicast, and serial. Efficient LOS test data compression can be achieved under this architecture with limited hardware overhead. An ATPG method for LOS test patterns under the proposed architecture is also presented. Experimental results show that most of the serial scan operations can be replaced by multicast operations, and thus achieve much better compression rate.


(Note: With the exception of the correction of typographical or spelling errors that could be a source of ambiguity, letters and reports are not edited. The original formatting of letters and referee reports may not be reflected in this compilation.) Thank you again for submitting your work to Molecular Systems Biology. We have now heard back from the three referees who agreed to evaluate your manuscript. As you will see from the reports below, the referees think that the presented findings seem interesting. However, they raise a series of concerns, which should be carefully addressed in a revision of the manuscript. The referees' recommendations are rather clear so there is no need to repeat all the points listed below. In sum, reviewer #3 recommends performing further analyses in order to better support the presented conclusions. Moreover, all reviewers raise some issues related to the discussion and presentation of the data and the main findings. In line with the comments of reviewer #1, we think that information (both text and figures) that is essential for understanding the main conclusions of the study should be moved in the main text. In their manuscript "Negative frequency dependent interactions can underlie phenotypic heterogeneity in a clonal microbial population", Healy and coauthors show that phenotypic heterogeneity of a population can be evolutionary stable in homogeneous environments, even when bet hedging and division of labor are not at work. They argue that the observed heterogeneity in


In this paper, we will deal with some important kinds of metric temporal reasoning problems that arise in many real-life situations. In particular, events X0, X1 ... XN are modeled as time points, and a constraint between the execution times of two events Xi and Xj is either simple temporal (of the form Xi - Xj ∈ [a, b]), or has a connected feasible region that can be expressed using a finite set of domain rules each in turn of the form Xi ∈ [a, b] → Xj ∈ [c, d] (and conversely Xj ∈ [e, f] → Xi ∈ [g, h]). We argue that such rules are useful in capturing important kinds of non-monotonic relationships between the execution times of events when they are governed by potentially complex (external) factors. Our polynomial-time (deterministic and randomized) algorithms for solving such problems therefore enable us to efficiently deal with very expressive representations of time.


The invention relates to a polyurethane dispersible or soluble in water fit as thickening agent for aqueous systems, PRODUCTS TRANSFORMATION FROM THE COMPONENTS OF ALCOHOL A) ELECTED compounds from a mixture of alcohol hydrophilic / hydrophobic WITH A COMPONENT B) isocyanate, and use thereof, optionally in combination with other agents ESPESANTES for thickening aqueous systems.


The author attempted to examine the action of theophylline ethylenediamine, so-called coronary dilator, by following the effect of the direct infusion of the drug into the left coronary artery through a coronary artery catheter in anesthetized, closed-chest dogs. Electrocardiographic changes caused by the infusion of the drug were also studied.Method : In addition to the experimental method described in part I, the left coronary artery was also perfused from a donor dog's femoral artery at a constant blood pressure. The experiments were done 6 times on 2 adult dogs. Leads CψD and CψS, representing right and left ventricular electrocardiogram, respectively, were used in taking serial electrocardiograms.Results : (1) Experiments with coronary artery perfusion from the dog's own femoral artery(a) With 12.5 mg of theophyline ethylenediamine coronary blood flow flincreased, while coronary wedge pressure and femoral arterial pressure showed no change.(b) With 25 mg of theophylline ethylenediamine coronary blood flow decreased, coronary wedge pressure showed no change, and femoral arterial pressure fell.(c) With 125mg of theophylline ethylenediamine coronary blood flow decreased, coronary wedge pressure fell and femoral arterial pressure became markedly reduced.(2) Experiments with coronary artery perfusion from a donor dog's femoral artery under constant blood pressure(a) Infusion of 12.5 mg of theophylline ethylenediamine caused a slight decrease in coronary blood flow, an elevation in coronary wedge pressure and no change in femoral arterial pressure.(b) With 25 mg of theophylline ethylenediamine coronary blood flow increased, while coronary wedge pressure and femoral arterial pressure fell.(c) Infusion of 62.5 mg of theophylline ethylenediamine caused an increase in coronary blood flow, a fall in coronary wedge pressure and a marked fall in femoral arterial pressure.Conclusions : (1) Theophylline ethylenediamine tends to exert a vaso-dilating action on the coronary vessels.(2) Infusion of a large amount of theophylline ethylenediamine caused a dangerous decrease incoronary blood flow followed by a fall in aortic pressure.(3) The electrocardiogram showed a tendency to elevation of the S-T segments with a slight increase in the heart rate.


Undoubtedly, we are living in a period of great challenge for the field of medical science. The COVID-19 epidemic is an emerging and rapidly evolving situation that has brought up scientific concepts that were no longer relevant. For a long period of time, we did not experience situations that had such a high mortality rate affecting entire populations, or diseases that followed their natural courses with little prospect of treatment or reversal of their clinical presentation. Though we are accustomed [...]


In this paper, some models of typical potential transformers (PT) were established by PSCAD/EMTDC considering the non-linear magnetic excitation characteristic. A test system for the experimental research in a 10kV neutral non-grounding distribution power grid was also set up. A series of simulating tests to reproduce ferroresonance initiated by single phase grounding or line breaking fault were carried out. The frequency analysis based on FFT method has been applied on the feature extraction of the voltage and PT current waveforms. The basic characteristics of ferroresonance with frequency, such as the ratio of capacitive reactance and inductive reactance (XC/XL), the magnitude and waveforms of the overvoltage and PT current, have been studied and summarized. The results of experimental verification indicate that the simulation models are finely closed to the characteristic of real power grid operation. The PT current can reach 5 to 10 p.u. when subharmonic ferroresonance occurs. The deep magnetic saturation of PT will bring the high components of current harmonics.


The micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) field has transferred many products from emergent to established technologies in the commercial world. However, many products remain under development for significant lengths of time, facing various challenges along the way. One of the most critical challenges is the lack of standardised terminology for process specification. This paper provides a foundation for formally describing the set of activities related to managing the manufacturing processes used by the MEMS community. First, we develop new taxonomic levels of abstraction for MEMS processes. We then use logic foundations provided in international standard ISO-18621-1 to develop a methodology that allows designers and product developers to remove ambiguities and misconceptions when exchanging information about MEMS manufacturing processes. A case study is presented where our methodology is applied to generate Extensive Markup Language (XML) code to capture the processes' structure and critical information.


The authors provide the data on in vitro experimental studies into the pharmacological properties of protease inhibitor obtained from bovine pancreas. It is shown that the preparation exerts an inhibitory action on pancreatic proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, kallikrein, and elastase, drastically reduces the total proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue homogenates. Comparison with the protease inhibitor gordox has demonstrated the inhibitory effect of both preparations to be practically similar.


T HIS list of references represents a selection from approximately 750 titles related to higher education that have come to the attention of the compilers between July I, 1938, and June 30, 1939.2 As in previous lists, selection has necessarily been made along somewhat arbitrary lines because space does not permit the inclusion of all titles that might be worthy of attention. Practically all books and monographs have been included with the exception of annual reports, yearbooks and proceedings of associations regularly devoted to problems of higher education, and institutional histories. Selection among the articles published in journals during the year has been based chiefly on their contribution to new knowledge, although by no means could all the worthy articles of this type be included. As a general principle, the list omits articles that provide only a r6sume of material available elsewhere; articles that are merely discussions or presentations of personal opinions, however authoritative; and news notes and papers describing practices in a single institution. Only articles appearing in professional journals have been included in this final list. The nonacademic and lay journals are continuing to give an important place to discussions of higher education, upward of forty significant articles having appeared during the year in such magazines as American Mercury, Atlantic Monthly, Harpers, and Saturday Evening Post.


ABSTRACT Race walking has been a highly technical event in the Olympic games since 1908. In the whole history of the discipline, the rules of walking define the technique and respectively the result. Since the last change of the rules in 1996, the results in 50 km race walking have constantly developed. No matter the facts, the Olympic committee decided to change the race distance to 35 km. The research aims to find reasons why they did this by analyzing the effort distribution of elite race-walking competitors in major championships. Tasks of the research are: 1) To analyze the development of the results in world championships; 2) To research some trends in effort distribution of elite race walkers. Methods: To accomplish the research task, we made a literature review and statistical analyses of the data of the last five major championships. Result: The champions have greater average speed than the other athletes. All of the first ten competitors have negative splits e.g., faster second half of the race but the medalists are the only athletes that maintain a speed that is similar to their average in the last 10-15 km. The leaders in the ranking have slower starting splits than the other walkers. Conclusion: Better results can be achieved if the athlete starts a little bit slower than the average speed and steadily increases it till the end of the race as much as possible.


Introduction: Iran has one of the highest death rates due to road tra�c Injuries in the world. The number of people died annually is estimated to be higher than the number died of the earthquake in Bam in 2005. This study aimed at exploring the challenges for the control of road tra�c Injuries (RTI) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: A qualitative study design was used to collect data from key informants working in the public sectors in Tehran, Iran. The key informants were interviewed using an interview guide and saturation was reached after interviewing 30 key informants. Content analysis was done after transcribing the responses and identifying thematic areas using MAXQDA 10 software. Results: This study explored that governance, evidence-based policy-making, proactive approach, information, challenges related to road and vehicles, and low use of helmets were among the reported challenges.


I njuries to the nervous system affect over 90,000 people every year. 1 Spinal cord injuries alone account for over 10,000 annually. 2 Damage to the lower spinal column can result in paraplegia or quadri-plegia. 3 Nerves can be damaged either through disease or trauma. Trauma to the nerves can occur as a consequence of motor vehicle accidents, severe falls, lacerations, and typing. Traumatic injury, such as falls and motor vehicle accidents can lead to the severing of nerves. Several diseases can damage nerves. They include multiple sclerosis, diabetes, spina bifida, and polio. In this article we will discuss some of the basic concepts relating to nerve regenera-tion and its response to therapeutic laser. Several research studies will be cited. Peripheral nerve injury immediately elicits the migration of Schwann cells, phagocytic cells, and macrophages to the damaged tissue site in order to clear away tissue debris. Initially after injury, there is swelling of the proximal end of the nerve and is subsequently accompanied by retrograde degeneration. Once the debris has been cleared, axonal sprouting begins to occur. Regeneration, however, is limited to the central nerve system and not the peripheral nerve system. The glial cells and extracellular environment exert an inhibitory influence on the regeneration process. Central nerve system lesions have been shown to re-grow in acceptable environments. Therefore, the primary issue nerve regeneration in the central nerve system is crossing or eliminating the inhibitory lesion site. 1 Beirowski et al 4 describe the degenera-tion following nerve injury as follows (in reference to Figure 1A-H): " After a latency period Wallerian degeneration following cut and crush injury starts abruptly in single axons and involves total fragmentation of axons within a few hours. AD: Conventional fluorescence micrographs of a ~2.5 cm long peripheral nerve stump (sciatic-tibial nerve segment) wholemount preparation at the proximal (A) and distal site (B) 37 h after cut injury with few individual fluorescent axons broken into fragments. A small number of axons fragmented at the proximal (C) and distal site (D) of a peripheral nerve stump wholemount preparation could also be detected 40 h following crush injury. " E-H: Conventional fluorescence micro-graphs of a ~2.5 cm long peripheral nerve stump (sciatic-tibial nerve segment) whole mount preparation at the proximal (E) and distal site (F) 42 h after cut injury with most YFP labelled axons fragmented. A similar picture with a majority of axons degenerated is evident at …


In the past several decades, most lighting designers have been using the so-called "Lumen Method" to design illumination systems for an interior space. For such a design which yields the average illumination, the Coefficient of Utilization (CU) is one single most useful factor. However, this design method will only provide a mediocre lighting environment, and most likely result in waste of energr. During the last decade, rapid changes were taking place in lighting design techniques. As people become more energy conscious and better understood human visual performance, lighting designers find the conventional techniques are becoming lees and less adequate. Essentially because the Lumen Method procedure lacks two desirable characteristics: 1. No effort is made to place the light specifically on the task where it is most needed while reducing the illumination level in the surrounding areas. This often results in waste of energy. 2. The Lumen Method does not allow the designer to increase the visual effectiveness of his lighting by optimizing available candlepower. This clearly indicates the need for the use of the equivalent sphere illumination (ESI) design concept.


Objective
To investigate the local anatomical characteristics of the associated membrane and mesangial space in the complete mesocolic excision (CME) of right hemicolectomy and provide the surgical practical anatomical evidence to CME.

Methods
The experimental study was conducted. Department of Anatomy of Capital Medical University provided 20 adult cadavers. The surgical pictures came from Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University. The local anatomy of CME in 20 cadavers was simulated after fascia perfusion. Observation indicators: (1) the local anatomy of the visceral fascia and parietal fascia was studied by simulating the operation of CME in cadaver specimens; (2) observing the integrity and barrier action of the visceral layer of the membrane after fascia perfusion solution freezing; (3) distribution and variation of superior vessels of right-semi mesocolon.

Results
(1) The local anatomy of the visceral fascia and parietal fascia was studied by simulating the operation of CME in cadaver specimens: posterior lobe of the interposition mesocolon merged completely with visceral fascia, parietal fascia and front fascia of duodenum, and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were found. The ureters and reproductive vessels were covered with Gerota fascia, with a complete membrane structure. The specimens from simulated CME in 20 adult cadavers and CME of right hemicolectomy accorded with a requirement of CME. (2) Observing the integrity and barrier action of the visceral layer of the membrane after fascia perfusion solution freezing: posterior lobe of the right-semi mesocolon merged completely with visceral fascia, with a complete parietal fascia structure and without exudation of fascia perfusion solution. The right ureter and reproductive vessels were completely covered with Gerota fascia. The serosal surface of right-semi mesocolon maintained integrity, with exudation of fascia perfusion solution. (3) Distribution and variation of superior vessels of right-semi mesocolon: major blood vessels of right-semi colon included superior mesenteric vessels, including SMA and SMV. The major branches of vessels included ileocolic artery, right colic artery, middle colic artery, right and left branches of middle colic artery, ileocolic vein, middle colic vein and gastrocolic stem. The gastrocolic stem and main stem of right colic artery had more variations.

Conclusion
The posterior lobe of the interposition mesocolon merges with fascia, and complete visceral fascia, can be separated, these provide anatomical evidences for safety and radical resection of right hemicolectomy based on following the principles of CME.

Key words:
Colon neoplasms; Right hemicolon; Complete Mesocolic Excision; Topographic Anatomy; Fusion Fascia; Mesenteric Perfusion


The article focuses on the role of human capital in the structure of the national wealth and its impact on the economy. Attention is drawn to the need to invest in human capital to increase economic benefits to society and improve socio-economic condition of the country.


Introduction Clostridium difficile causes nosocomial antibiotic associated diarrhoea, with a range of mild to severe disease, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon and potentially fatal outcome. The diagnosis of this disease in clinical laboratories has traditionally been performed by cell culture cytotoxin neutralisation assay (CCNA) or by toxin A/B detection using EIA. The routine test in our laboratory is CCNA, which takes 24–48 (–72) hours; it is labour intensive, requires specialist facilities, expertise and is not done out of hours. There are other rapid tests now available including GDH as well as molecular (real-time PCR) assays. Methods This study was designed to assess the clinical relevance of a fully automated, random access PCR assay, Xpert C. difficile, for rapid identification of C. difficile infection (CDI) in comparison to clinical diagnosis as the reference method. During March to September 2011, 1040 samples from inpatients in 2 hospitals, with suspected CDI, were prospectively tested by routine cell culture cytotoxin neutralisation assay (CCNA), PCR (GeneXpert, Cepheid), and a GDH/Toxin EIA (Premier, Launch Diagnostics). Cytotoxicity was assessed after 24 and 48 hours. All PCR positive patients (and controls) were reviewed by a multidisciplinary team (Gastroenterologist, Microbiologist, infection control nurse, requesting staff). Results C. difficile detection rates were 10.8% (PCR), 6% (CCNA) and 13.8% (GDH). 974/1035 (94.1%) samples showed concordant CCNA and PCR results, 89% (886/985) were concordant for CCNA, PCR and GDH and 94.4% (930/985) showed concordance between GDH and PCR. With clinical diagnosis as a reference, PCR was 99.1% sensitive, 98.9% specific, with PPV 91.9% and NPV 99.9%. Surprisingly, CCNA on a single sample was only 51% sensitive, 99.4% specific, PPV was 91.9%, NPV 94.3%. GDH sensitivity was 83.8%, specificity 94.5%, PPV 64.7% and NPV 97.9%. 59 more samples were positive by PCR than CCNA (62); 54/59 were clinically CDI. Conclusion We found PCR to be a more sensitive method than CCNA and GDH (sensitivity 83.8%) for the detection of C.difficile infection (CDI). In contrast to using CCNA or an algorithm that includes GDH, the use of Xpert C.difficile PCR allows us to provide accurate and rapid (mostly same day) results to the clinicians. Disclosure of Interest N. Berry Grant/Research Support from: Non promotional Educational research grant from Cepheid, B. Sewell Grant/Research Support from: Non promotional Educational research grant from Cepheid, S. Jafri Grant/Research Support from: Non promotional Educational research grant from Cepheid, S. Vagia Grant/Research Support from: Non promotional Educational research grant from Cepheid, C. Puli Grant/Research Support from: Non promotional Educational research grant from Cepheid, E. Rees Grant/Research Support from: Non promotional Educational research grant from Cepheid, A. Lewis Grant/Research Support from: Non promotional Educational research grant from Cepheid, M. Isaac Grant/Research Support from: Non promotional Educational research grant from Cepheid, C. L. Ch'ng Grant/Research Support from: Non promotional Educational research grant from Cepheid


1995 We have developed a new method for isolating differentially expressed genes, and named it 'ESD' after three methodological key procedures; Equalization of cDNAs (1), Subtractive hybridization (2) and Differential display (3). The main features of our method are that (i) equalized tracer is used to improve the efficiency of subtraction, (ii) gel analysis is employed to analyze the outcome of subtraction, and (iii) a self-subtractive line is adopted, by which we can isolate candidate genes without ambiguity on the gel analysis even when the subtraction is not fully completed. Here we report the isolation of differentially expressed genes which are specifically up-regulated in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells after 48 h retinoic acid (RA)-treatment which ultimately lead them to differentiate into neuronal cells, but absent or expressed at low levels in undifferentiated or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated P19 cells which differentiate into muscle cells. The ESD strategy is outlined in Figure 1. As the first step, mRNA were prepared from undifferentiated (N-), 48 h RA-treated (R-), and 48 h DMSO-treated (D-) P19 cells using a mRNA Separator Kit (Clontech). Five m g each of N-, R- and D-mRNA were converted to double-stranded cDNA using a Time


The accessory minimization problem constructed from the second variation about a periodic extremal path with free period is investigated. Both necessary and sufficient conditions for a periodic path to be a weak local minimum are compactly established through a matrix inequality and the existence of a solution to the Riccati differential equation over the period. Extensions to the optimality conditions for the infinitely-repeated periodic processes are included. The existence of a real symmetric periodic solution to the Riccati differential equation is shown to be necessary for optimality, and this condition, plus some requirements on the eigenvalues of the monodromy matrix, imply sufficiency for optimality.


Acid compounds 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrrolo-1-carboxylic / A FORMULA (I) wherein Y is OH: O- M +, wherein M is an alkali metal; O NRR '', wherein R is a lower alkyl and R1 is a lower alkyl or aryl, or NRR 'is the residue of an amine saturated cyclic, PREPARE FROM Pyrrole AND CAN BE USED FOR Pharmaceutical.


Background Acute diarrhoea (AD) plays an important role in paediatric patients because of its high incidence, severe clinical outcomes (dehydration) and epidemiological features (gastroenteritis spreads easily in children communities). Aims To evaluate the aetiology of AD and epidemiological characteristics for hospitalised children during January 2013–January 2014. Methods During mention period, there were performed stool cultures and Rotavirus/Adenovirus antigen testing from stool (immunochromatographic test) for patients admitted in paediatric hospital with AD diagnosis. The growth medium used for stool cultures: Hectoen-enteric and Selenite broth (for Salmonella, Shigella), Sorbitol MacConkey medium (for enteropathogen E. Coli -EPEC), CIN (for Yersinia) and CCDA (for Campylobacter, stool samples testing was initiated in July 2013). Exclusion criteria: positive stool culture for previously treated children. Results There were performed 2138 stool cultures and 1358 tests for Rotavirus/Adenovirus. The authors have identified 73 Salmonella spp. cases, 12 Shigella spp. cases, 4 EPEC cases, 31 children with Campylobacter spp., 222 Rotavirus cases and 22 patients with positive test for Adenovirus. Authors remarked high incidence Salmonella infection in July -September period (39 cases, 53.4%) and increased incidence of Rotavirus infection with 2 peaks totaling 52.7% of cases (January –December and May respectively). Conclusions Acute gastroenteritis major aetiology was the viral one; 2. Concerning bacterial aetiology of AD, Campylobacter spp. represented the second cause (Salmonella spp. was more frequent); 3. The aetiology awareness is useful in order to treat optimally patients with AD; 4. The antibiotics are recommended just for selected cases.


The development of combination therapy for cancer treatment has attracted considerable attention due to its enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In addition to that, the possibility of drug tracking is an extremely attractive proposition. Herein, we report a carbon dot (CD) based nanoplatform to facilitate the delivery of two distinct drugs, a photosensitizer (PS) and the chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin (Dox). The CD-PS-Dox nanoassembly simultaneously offers tracking due to the inherent fluorescence of the individual participants of the nanoassembly. Protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX), a well known PS has been conjugated to CDs using standard carbodiimide based chemistry. Since, the absorption spectra of the Pp IX overlaps with the emission spectra of CD, Pp IX acts as an acceptor to CD and forms a FRET pair. This nanosystem leads to ROS generation, which has the potential to damage the cancerous cells in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) applications. Further, Dox is allowed to be electrostatically physisorbed over CDs to be released in solution at acidic pH relevant to cancer environment. CDs are thus endowed with three responsibilities in the nanosystem: a donor for Pp IX, a site for adsorption of Dox and a fluorescent entity that could be tracked through imaging.


The accession of China to WTO has imposed severe challenges as well as provided opportunities for the economic development of Chongqing.Chongqing should step up economic restructuring,deepen the institutional reform of its economy,transform government functions and change the operational mechanisms of enterprises.In its efforts to improve the legal system and social security system,efforts of the government should be made to improve the economic environment and expand the areas of opening up so as to promote its economic and social progress.


Commercial TiO2, CeO2, ZnO single oxides and a mixture of them at a mass ratio of 1:1:1 were mechanochemically treated (MCT). CeO2 was the best commercial sample prior to MCT because of its narrow band gap and high oxygen storage capacity. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the existence of TiO2, CeO2 and ZnO phases in all MCT samples studied. The determined average crystallite size was in the range of 18 19 nm for the single component photocatalysts and of 10 15 nm for the ternary system. Following 30 min dark period the adsorption capacity of TiO2-CeO2-ZnO-MCT (0.263 mg/g) was the highest among those of the other materials. The behavior of the commercial and MCT photocatalytic materials (TiO2, CeO2, ZnO and TiO2-CeO2-ZnO) was studied in the course of photocatalytic oxidative degradation of Methyl Orange dye treated as a pollutant. The results obtained in an aqueous solution under UV irradiation showed that ZnO-MCT sample provided the highest photocatalytic effect (81 % conversion) when compared to that of the other MCT materials. The degree of MO dye degradation decreased in the line: CeO2 (87 %) > ZnO-MCT (81 %) > ZnO (76 %) > CeO2-MCT (67 %) > TiO2-CeO2-ZnO-MCT (63 %) > TiO2 (61 %) > TiO2-MCT (49 %).


Electric appliances for cooling and lighting are responsible for most of the increase in electricity consumption in Karachi, Pakistan. This study aims to investigate the impact of passive energy efficiency measures (PEEMs) on the potential reduction of indoor temperature and cooling energy demand of an architectural campus building (ACB) in Karachi, Pakistan. PEEMs focus on the building envelope's design and construction, which is a key factor of influence on a building's cooling energy demand. The existing architectural campus building was modeled using the building information modeling (BIM) software Autodesk Revit. Data related to the electricity consumption for cooling, building masses, occupancy conditions, utility bills, energy use intensity, as well as space types, were collected and analyzed to develop a virtual ACB model. The utility bill data were used to calibrate the DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus base case models of the existing ACB. The cooling energy demand was compared with different alternative building envelope compositions applied as PEEMs in the renovation of the existing exemplary ACB. Finally, cooling energy demand reduction potentials and the related potential electricity demand savings were determined. The quantification of the cooling energy demand facilitates the definition of the building's electricity consumption benchmarks for cooling with specific technologies.


The purpose of this research is to comprehensively understand the influence of job environment and achievement on the job performance of teachers in public state primary school districts Pancoran South Jakarta. The research methodology was survey method with path analysis applied in testing hypothesis the number 149 teachers as a sample was selected by using Slovin formula. Based on the results of data analysis in this research it is concluded: (1) there is positive direct effect of job environment to job performance; (2) there is a positive direct effect of achievement motivation to job performance; (3) there is a positive direct effect of job environment to achievement motivation. The job performance can be improved through improvement of job environment and achievement motivation.


Technologies are generally described for an access control scheme for an external device. In some examples, an electronic device may detect the external memory connected to the electronic device; set a security code to enable access to the external memory; receive a request to access the external memory; access the external memory in response to entry of the security code; receive a request to disconnect the external memory; and remove a requirement for entry of the security code to enable access to the external memory.


Abstract Defining a clear project brief at an early stage is critical for the project success. A lack of project brief clarity can cause design and construction changes or errors throughout project delivery, which ultimately leads to project time and cost overruns. This research proposes a dynamic simulation model to evaluate the overall impact of briefing on cost and time performance of construction projects. The causal feedback loop model portraying the impact of briefing on project cost and time performance is developed. The interrelationships that exist among the influencing factors incorporated into the stock and flow model of the project briefing. Then, the proposed model is applied in a road project to assess its applicability and performance. The results indicate that a clear project brief aid in reducing brief changes, design changes, and construction changes throughout project delivery, which can ultimately improve project cost and time performance. Despite the fact that the clear brief increases required budget and duration for the project briefing, it still represents good value to the project cost and time performance overall.


The publication contains a synthesis of knowledge about chemical weapon and its use during the First World War and in the period after that war, until the nerve agent discovery. It describes chemical warfare agents (CWAs) that were discovered, produced, and used on the battlefield at that time. They are referred to as the first and second CWAs generation.
Keywords: chemical weapon, chemical warfare agents, World War I, interwar period


The effective relaxation rates of the 00/sup 0/1 level of the CO/sub 2/ molecule in the active medium of a CO/sub 2/ laser are determined in this paper, based on the results of measurements of the dependence of the depth of intensity modulation of the spontaneous emission at lambda = 4.3 ..mu..m on the modulation frequency of the discharge current. The transmission function was calculated for the population of the 00/sup 0/1 level with modulation of the discharge current, taking into account the modulation of the gas temperature. The calculation results are used to analyze the properties of the experimental modulation characteristics and to consider the conditions of applicability of the modulation method considered for measuring the relaxation rate of the laser level.


In this paper, we consider an impulsive second‐order difference equation on the whole axis. We determine eigenvalues, spectral singularities, continuous spectrum corresponding to this difference equation with an impulsive condition by using the asymptotic properties of Jost functions, and uniqueness theorems of analytic functions. Finally, we demonstrate that the impulsive difference equation has finite number of eigenvalues and spectral singularities with finite multiplicities under certain conditions.


Global health initiatives are focusing on the health of adolescents for the first time, with the launch of a new United Nations strategy to improve the health of women, children, and adolescents.1

In a foreword to the strategy, launched alongside the formal adoption of the UN sustainable development goals2—the successors to the millennium development goals—the UN secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, said that adolescents were "central to everything we want to achieve, and …


the most important evolution of the modern era is Wireless Sensors networks. Recent advancements in WSNs also led to the implementation of several new protocols which are to be implemented for proper functioning of the network. This paper reviews the different type of routing techniques used and the different type of routing protocols used also the routing protocols problems .We have also provided the necessary security solutions regarding the routing problems and also the different types of sensors used based on properties. Keywords—WSN, routing protocols, security solutions, types. I. INTRODUCTION The rapid growth in the technology has led to different ways which led to the creation of different type of networks for several purposes. The factors like collection of data, interpret and act on real time data gains increasing interest. However, for the collection of data wired sensor networks have a lot of factors which do not ease the process of doing so. This led to the fast development and increasing use of Wireless sensor networks (WSN).This are one kind of communication network that provides redundant and less fault tolerant wireless connection between sensors, actuators and collectors. The WSNs are generally a huge combination of several sensor nodes which are used to form secure and flexible networks by combining the sensor radio and the CPU. The WSNs works more effectively and also are low power consumption networks. In any type of networks energy is the primary resource, as the networks are operated to exhibit certain kind of properties there is a definite need of optimization of the network architecture in order to reduce the resource consumed. The limitations make the sensor networks architecture and also their routing protocols more challenging and divergent. The WSNs are a combination of different routing, power management and data distribution protocols and these are designed by considering the work of sensor and also the applications in which it is used. The protocols used here needs to support different constraints which are helpful in maintaining and proper functioning of the WSNs.The different type of constraints or factors to be considered are memory, power consumption, scalability, adaptivity, latency, tolerance also the size of the sensor include in it. The implementation of these protocols helps in proper working of the WSNs as these were perfectly done sensor networks are having number of applications in various fields. The different type of applications are military sensing, physical security, air traffic control, traffic surveillance, video surveillance, industrial and manufacturing automation, distributed robotics, environment monitoring, and building and structures monitoring, Medical applications, atmospheric observance, home intelligence etc.,


The genus Moltkia Lehm., is represented by Moltkia coerulea (Willd.) Lehm., and Moltkia aurea Boiss in Turkey. The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of the 2 species, and to compare these features with each other. For the anatomical studies, transverse sections of stem and leaves, and the surface sections of leaves were studied. For the micromorphological studies, the pollens were examined using light and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the nutlets were examined using stereo-microscope and SEM. After the studies, it was pointed out that they are very distinct from each other in terms of the anatomical and micromorphological features. According to the results obtained from anatomical studies, there are lots of differences between the two species considering the structure of the cortex, vascular cambium and endodermis of the stems. The vasculer bundle and upper and lower surface of the leaves are also noticeably different in 2 species. The 2 taxa are also readily distinguishable in terms of the pollen characteristics such as pollen shape, the outline in equatorial and polar view, polarity, aperture type and distribution and tectum ornamentation. In addition, while the nutlet shape is similar in the taxa, its surface is verrucate in M. coerulea, but tuberculate in M. aurea.


Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) allow to extract unique fingerprints from silicon chips. The applications are numerous: chip identification, chip master key extraction, authentication protocol, unique seeding, etc. However, secure usage of PUF requires some precautions. This paper reviews industrial concerns associated with PUF operation, including those occurring before and after market. Namely, starting from PUF "secure" specifications, aligned with state-of-the-art standards, we explore innovative techniques to handle enrollment and subsequent PUF queries, in nominal as well as in adversarial environment.


We present a first-principles method for calculating the Green function of a semi-infinite crystal surface using the embedding technique of Inglesfield and the linearized-augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) basis set. The calculation consists of two independent steps: (i) The embedding potential of a semi-infinite substrate is generated from the bulk crystalline potential, and (ii) a self-consistent surface Green function calculation is performed in the embedded surface region. The numerical advantages of our method over the previous ones are (i) that one does not need to determine the exact shape of the curvy embedding surface between the bulk and surface regions and (ii) that there is no need to explicitly treat the cap region (a portion of the muffin-tin sphere cut by a plane) of boundary atoms near the embedding surface. By virtue of them, the total amount of numerical work for performing a surface-embedded Green function calculation is reduced nearly to the same level as that in standard surface electronic-structure calculations within the slab approximation. As an example, we calculate the electronic structure of the (001) and (111) surfaces of Rh, Pd, and Ag.


This paper investigates the relationship between crime and unemployment in Ireland during the Celtic Tiger boom, Great Recession, and subsequent economic recovery. Using unique administrative police station-level crime data and exploiting large variation in unemployment rates, I rst document that a 10% increase in unemployment is associated with a 5% increase in thefts and burglaries. Instrumental variables show that a 1,000-person decline in employment causes 15-25 more thefts or burglaries per quarter. The property crime-unemployment relationship remained robust during the most recent period of substantial economic recovery, with areas where the recovery was fastest also experiencing sharper decreases in property crime. JEL classication: K42, J64.


The principal physical factors determining the phenology of Curatella americana (chaparro) are the annuad variation of the water table, the periodic fires of the savanna grassland and the herbivorous insects, which constitute a serious plague each year beginning in the month of July. The high water table during the months of August and September, and its quick rise to such levels (in 2 months), induce anaerobic conditions, and give rise to high mortality rates in most of the young absorbing roots of chaparro. This phenomenon is transmitted in the plant in the form of senescence of the leaves, visibly characterized by the chlorosis of their blades. The most active leaffall of chaparro occurs during the months of November and December. During December, the principalfloration occurs, along with an intensive production of new shoots. The maturation and the sclerosis of the leaves is over in 30-40 days, and the mature size of the shoots is reached in 60-80 days. In July, the production of new shoots is hindered because of the damage to tender sprouts by herbivorous insects. The chaparro change all their leaves yearly.


The described data provide evidence that developed and implemented device of solid electrode regeneration by cutting off a thin surface layer efficiently enhances the reproducibility of the area and properties of the working surface of the electrode. Broad possibilities of the use of the device for the analysis of various objects were demonstrated. The stripping voltammetry with the high-voltage accumulation (HVA) of the metals is usable only with the developed sensor. HVA accelerates metal cation deposition by 2–3 orders of magnitude.