Objective To access ultrasonic diagnosis and clinical value of pulmonary tumor.Methods Ultrasonic characteristics of 46 pulmonary tumor cases were reviewed and analyzed. Results In center-type pulmonary tumor with consolidatory lungs, space-occuppied lesions and fluid bronchogram signs were seen.Conclusion Ultrasonography can check consolidatory lungs and explore the internal structure of pulmonary tumor depending on the cue of X-ray or CT. It makes ultrasonic-guided biopsy available. It is a helpful diagnosis method for pulmonary tumor.


Summary 1) The hemolysis of normal human erythrocytes exposed to appropriate dilutions of tannic acid by human serum, requires the properdin system, which consists of properdin, complement, and magnesium. 2) Similarities and differences are pointed out between the properties and mechanism of hemolysis of tannic-acid-treated cells and erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. 3) While the hemolysis of TA cells is suitable for the assay of purified properdin it is not reliable for the quantitative measurement of properdin in serum.


Ligation excision haemorrhoidectomy is usually performed on an inpatient basis. This study was designed to assess the feasibility of day‐case haemorrhoidectomy.


The author is a Judge on the United States Court of Appeals (Sixth Circuit). For two years prior to his appointment to that court he served as Police Commissioner of the City of Detroit, Michigan, and before that, from 1956 until 1962 he was a Justice on the Supreme Court of Michigan. Judge Edwards' article is a revision of an address he delivered at the Midwestern Regional Conference of Attorneys General in Detroit on December 6, 1965.-EDITOR.


Whole genome amplification replicates the entire DNA content of a sample and can thus help to circumvent material limitations when insufficient DNA is available for planned genetic analyses. However, there are conflicting data in the literature whether whole genome amplification introduces bias or reflects precisely the spectrum of starting DNA.


The thermal decomposition of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (DHP, C5H8O) has been investigated by two methods: in shock waves with the laser-schlieren technique using mixtures of 5 and 10% DHP in krypton over 900–1500 K, 110–560 torr; in a flow tube having a reaction pressure 0.5 torr above atmospheric using the decomposition of allylethyl ether as an internal standard, and covering 663–773 K. The retro-Diels-Alder dissociation to the stable acrolein and ethylene is the dominant channel for all conditions. Precise rate constants (rms deviation of 10%) were obtained for this process over the indicated temperature ranges. Unimolecular falloff is evident in the shock-tube results, and RRKM calculations also predict a slight falloff at the lower temperatures. These RRKM calculations use a routine vibration model transition state and agree closely with the high-temperature data when 〈ΔE〉down is a fixed 400 cm−1. Arrhenius expressions for k∞ derived from the two measurements are in close accord and also consistent with most previous studies of this reaction. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


HEN the Soviet Government boldly adopted the Five Year Plan it had three aims in view: first, to bring about the rapid industrialization of Soviet Russia ? a natural desire for a government bent on socializing a peasant country; second, to liberate the country from foreign dependence and to make it economically self-sufficient; third, to increase the military strength of the Red Army. The Plan also had impor tant international aims, and these constitute a further reason why no effort has been spared to carry it to fulfilment.1 In spite of many failures in both quality and quantity of achievement, the results of the Five Year Plan have as a whole been quite remarkable. To no small extent this has been due to the enthusiasm of the workers in the state factories. But the chief cause of what progress has been made is to be found in the drastic exploitation of the working class and in the pressure which has been put on all other classes. The methods applied by the Soviet Government in dealing with labor would be impossible in normal times in any civilized democratic country. The system of piece-work wages has been introduced wherever possible. This system is contrary to all socialistic conceptions, but the Soviet rulers realized very well that here they had a powerful incentive with which to increase the productivity of labor, and an important means of swelling the profits of the employer, i.e. the state. A special order signed by the praesidium of the Central Council of Trades Unions and the Supreme Council of National Economy on December 13, 1930, seeks "to regulate wages by encouraging laborers to increase the quality and output of their labor, by means of the utmost possible application of piece-work wages and by forcing skilled laborers (or unskilled laborers where there is a lack of such) to remain in their respective factories." Means like these stimulate the workers' zeal to increase pro duction; on the other hand, the quality of production is lowered and the workers' health suffers. Overstrain is very noticeable among Soviet workmen and the administrative personnel. w


Most genes involved in the execution of programmed cell death (PCD) in have been identified by screening for mutations that cause the survival of cells that normally die. The cloning of these genes has identified many key proteins that control PCD. To identify additional genes that play a role in PCD, we performed two modifier screens using a reporter that expresses in the Pn.aap cells. In the ventral cord of wild-type animals, six of the Pn.aap cells survive and express while the other six undergo PCD. By contrast, all 12 Pn.aap cells survive and express in strains homozygous for a strong loss-of-function mutation in or other genes required for killing. The presence or absence of Pn.aap cells can be easily assessed in strains carrying the reporter using a fluorescence-equipped dissecting microscope. The first modifier screen, a suppression screen, is designed to identify genes that protect cells from undergoing PCD. We screened for a reduced number of GFP-positive cells in the ventral cords of animals bearing a partial loss-of-function mutation in. To date, we have screened clonally approximately 5,000 mutagenized haploid genomes for zygotic defects in cell survival. We have screened 35,500 genomes non-clonally. Two strong suppressors, and , were isolated. , identified in the clonal screen, is a recessive suppressor of the PCD defect and also causes sterility. We have mapped to a small region LGIII. , identified in the non-clonal screen, is a dominant suppressor and is an intragenic mutation in. The second modifier screen, a enhancer screen, is designed to identify genes that play a role in the execution of PCD. Again using the reporter, we screened for an increased number of GFP-positive cells (., a decrease in PCD) in the ventral cords of animals bearing a partial loss-of-function mutation in. We screened approximately 22,000 genomes non-clonally and isolated 175 independent mutants that have increased Pn.aap like cells in a background. These include mutations in Based upon complementation tests and map position, we have identified at least two new cell-killing genes.


Using the finite difference procedure FLAC3D to simulate the excavation process of a deep foundation pit by a double-row piles retaining structure,the paper analyzed the change of soil displacement fields in the excavation process.The studies showed that the space mechanics character of retaining structure and soils,the interaction between soil and retaining structure and the excavation procedure obviously affect the displacement and settlement of the retaining structure.The paper also discussed influence of stiffness change of soil between double-row piles on displacement and settlement,the displacement and settlement of lateral soil of foundation pit could be decreased by properly increasing the stiffness change of soil between double-row piles.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in 10% of world's adult population, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria employed in its diagnosis. Role of protein glycosylation in causal mechanisms of CKD progression is largely unknown. Aim of this study was to identify urinary O-linked glycopeptides in association to CKD for better characterization of CKD molecular manifestations.

 Urine samples from eight CKD and two healthy subjects were analyzed by Capillary Electrophoresis-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (CE-MS/MS) and glycopeptide analysis using Proteome Discoverer 1.4 was performed. Distribution of identified glycopeptides and correlation with Age, eGFR and Albuminuria were evaluated in 3810 datasets from the Human Urinary Proteome database using Spearman's rank correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis by statistical software R. The quantification of Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) protein (7.5 kDa) was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in two matched (for age, sex, no diabetes and no cardiovascular history) groups of 12 plasma samples each (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 and eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2). An open-source tool "Proteasix" was used to predict proteases involved in cleavage of the identified glycopeptides. The transcriptomics database and analysis tool "Nephroseq v4" were utilized to investigate the expression of predicted proteases in existing human transcriptomics CKD datasets.

 In total, 17 O-linked glycopeptides from 7 different proteins were identified, derived primarily from Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) (n = 6). Glycosylation occurred at the surface exposed IGF2 Threonine 96 position. Further Investigation of the human proteome database containing 3810 datasets, showed that only three unglycosylated urinary peptides of IGF2 were identified, at significantly lower abundance and frequency (0-2.5% in the database) in comparison to the glycosylated forms (frequency of 23-90%). Interestingly, all identified IGF2 peptides belonged to E-domain of IGF2, i.e., 92 – 180 aa; which cleaves after undergoing O-linked glycosylation during the post-translational process yielding the "mature IGF2" (25-91 aa) protein. Results of multiple linear regression analysisa indicated that three IGF2 glycopeptides, DVStPPTVLPDNFPRYPVGKF [β(1024) = 0.08, p = 1.42*10−4], DVStPPTVLPDNFPRYPVG [β(560) = 0.01, p = 5.22*10−5] and DVStPPTVLPDNFPRYP [β(290) = 0.02, p = 1.07*10−4], exhibited positive correlation with Age and the glycopeptide tPPTVLPDNFPRYP showed strong negative association with eGFR [β(177) = -0.01, p = 4.21*10−9]. Along the same lines, the latter urinary IGF2 glycopeptide tPPTVLPDNFPRYP was found at increased [p < 2.2*10−16] abundance in CKD (n = 686) in comparison to healthy control (n = 229) datasets. In addition, IGF2 increased [p = 0.042] plasma levels were observed in CKD patients (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 group) as supported by ELISA measurements. Protease predictions, considering also available transcriptomics data, suggest activation of cathepsin S with CKD potentially involved in the cleavage of the CKD-associated glycopeptide of IGF2.

 Collectively, this study indicates that with aging and deteriorating kidney function, alterations in IGF2 proteoforms take place; which may be reflective of respective changes in the mature IGF2 protein abundance and function; as well as associated protease activity. Further, correlation analyses of the levels of the CKD-associated urinary IGF2 glycopeptide with the plasma IGF2 levels with CKD progression is planned.
 a Results of multiple linear regression where regression Co-efficient is β; degree of freedom is stated in (brackets); and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant


Radioactive calcium (Ca45) was used to investigate the effects of hydrocortisone and prednisolone on calcium metabolism in the rat. It was found that the absorption of Ca45 by the intestines was unimpaired by the administration of hydrocortisone. The administration of hydrocortisone or prednisolone to rats recently injected with Ca45 resulted in an increased urinary radiocalcium. This increase varied with the dosage, potency and persistence of the steroid in the body. The uptake of Ca45 by the femurs of both normal and nephrectomized rats was inhibited by the administration of hydrocortisone. Inanition resulted in a very slight inhibition of Ca45 uptake by bone. Hydrocortisone exerted no observable mobilization on total bone calcium.


The present invention is based on specific molecular alterations that occur specific tumor tissue of specific tumor patient populations, diagnostic and therapy of individual and personal cancer. The therapy and diagnostic indicates the number of copies of the amplified EGFR gene, the proliferation and tumor growth of tumor tissue with specific EGFR can be inhibited by anti-EGFR antibodies, mutations such other occurring tumor tissue individual molecular alteration is based on the discovery that not affected by the same anti-EGFR antibody therapy.


An economic growth in Thailand has substantially drawn Myanmese migrant workers into Ranong Province and become an additional health burden. This situation analysis has been based upon secondary date recorded during 1993-1999. As sush, recommendations on a public health strategy to cope with health problems related to the migrant workers were made. The non-native group was affected with malaria diarrhea, filariasis and AIDs. However the AIDs mortality rate, was reportedly the highest. Isolations of malarial protozoan parasites in them was on a decline in 1997 yet went upward ever since. The malarial infection rates among the Myanmese were always considerably higher than those of the Thai. A monthly average of new HIV-positive cases was professed to be lower that of the local people (16 per month). Eventhough filarial infection rate showed a downward trend to 1-2 percent, their treatments were often disrupted because of immigration problems, migratory characteristics, or unpleasant side effects. More than half of diarrheal cases fell in the under -5-  year age group. A total of 2 million baht subsidy would be required annually to foot the medical bill of about 5,000 out patients and 750 in patients. The roles of the Thai-Myanmese Border Committee, NGOs and private sectors on health issues should be intensified, focusing on the prevention and control of communicable diseases. Taking into account the social and cultural differences, primary health care should be promoted through the urban health centers, mobile facilities, training of Myanmese health volunteers and health educational programs.


PURPOSE: A method for improving hydrogen generation by adding alcohol into a medium is provided to remarkably enhance hydrogen productivity. CONSTITUTION: A method for enhancing hydrogen generation efficiency comprises a step of adding alcohol into a medium during photosynthetic culture of photosynthetic bacteria. The bacteria include Rhodobacter sphaeroides or Rhodobacter capsulatus. The alcohol is ethanol or isopropanol. The alcohol amount is 0.05-2% based on total medium.


When the downlink and the general road viaducts in a stacked state, on the display unit in the vehicle navigation system of the target vehicle, two roads displayed in a manner of overlapping lines. When the target vehicle is traveling on the road downlink, the viaducts transparent state is shown. Thus, the user can identify the target vehicle state of the downlink target road the vehicle is traveling. Conversely, when the target vehicle is traveling on the viaduct, viaducts in which a non-transparent state shown. The viaducts thereby becomes easily visible, so that the traveling direction can be easily seen.


The study's goal was to figure out the Nigerian students at NIMS University, Jaipur information-seeking behaviour, and needs. In this study, a survey research approach was utilized. The sample population was chosen using a random sampling technique. To collect data, a structured, closed-ended questionnaire was distributed to 100 students from Nigeria who are enrolled in the School of Humanities, Social Science, and Commerce. 91 of the 100 questionnaires that were distributed to 25 female and 75 male Nigerian students were completed and returned successfully. The study looks at three distinct programmes: B.Sc., MSc/MLIsc., and Ph.D. According to the study's findings, research scholars require information in order to write research articles about immigration and study programmes for Nigerian students. According to the study, the majority of Nigerian students and researchers to find information, use electronic resources like databases and electronic journals and books. Nigerian students, according to the findings, do not frequently use the library because of the language barrier.


A set of near-simultaneous ultraviolet and optical spectra and UBVR(J)I(J) photometry of five T Tauri stars has been analyzed for the shape of the energy distribution shortward of 3000 A. The far-ultraviolet continua of these stars are very much stronger than the level of light scattered from longer wavelengths in the IUE spectrograph. The results, expressed as two-color plots, show that the UV colors of T Tauri stars differ significantly from those expected from their optical spectral types. Although these particular K-type T Tauri stars are not extreme members of the class, they have the UV colors of A stars. The spectral shape of this UV excess is approximately that expected from published chromospheric models of T Tauri stars.


Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is a serious reliability issue for p-channel MOSFETs when stressed with negative gate voltages at high temperatures. There is not any analytical models of NBTI reported so far, which considers the dynamics of NBTI that are commonly observed in experimental data obtained from fast measurement techniques. An analytical model for NBTI is urgently required for circuit simulation purposes. In this paper, we present an analytical solution of switching trap model, which explains the dynamics of negative bias temperature stress.


The interaction between waves and a fluid-mud layer is studied theoretically and experimentally in the present paper. In addition the effects of a net current, or a net current together with waves are investigated. Experiments were carried out in a wave-current flume using two artificial muds. It was found that turbulence intensities in the water layer decreased when a layer of fluid mud was present. The observed wave decay and the wave-induced velocities in the liquefied bed agreed well with those calculated using a modified version of a model due to Gade (1958). The experiments also showed that observations or measurements made at a sidewall should be interpreted with care.


There are analyzed the works of scientists who defended their criminal law theses at the universities of the Russian Empire. The chronological scopes of the research are limited by the date of defense of the first and the last theses on criminal law which are known to the authors. The territorial scope of this article covers the limits of the Russian Empire.


In the current study fume extraction systems are studied numerically and the effect of various parameters as fresh air inlet gap size, fume temperature and composition as well as the dust size is investigated. To aim this goal a precise 3D model of the entire system and the proper computational grid is generated and system of governing equations for the reactive turbulent two-phase flow is solved using a Finite-Volume based code. The results confirm that although increasing the gap size may lead to a reduction in CO volume fraction, but an increase in products temperature is inevitable. Besides, it is shown that, despite the high efficiency of settling chamber in removing the large size dust particles (greater than 45 micron), it has a poor efficiency in eliminating the smaller size particles.


Great strides are being made in finding fast alternatives to the slow disks that dominate storage systems, but fast media are not nearly enough.


The authors propose a method to dynamically determine appropriate quality of service (QoS) required by users for video streaming services. In the proposed method, the video bit rate as the QoS parameter is determined based on the passive aggressive learning, which is an online learning algorithm for a regression problem, according to the user requirements, computational/network resources and service provisioning environments. Moreover, the method makes it possible to provide appropriate QoS by using optimization solution. In this paper, the authors describe the design and implementation of the method, then confirm the feasibility of the proposed method through the experiments.


Those who do not know the past cannot understand the present and cannot shape the future. (Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany 1982–1998). INTRODUCTION: Historical development of open and laparoendoscopic inguinal hernia repair is presented. Advantages and disadvantages of currently used techniques as well as problems related to the implementation of the minimal invasive techniques in daily surgical work are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intensive study of the literature and our own personal experience with the performance of transabdominal preperitoneal patch plasty (TAPP) and totally extraperitoneal patch plasty (TEP) were used. Systematic descriptions of the TAPP and TEP techniques to achieve the best results are summarized. The penetration rate of the laparoendoscopic techniques worldwide is reviewed. RESULTS: Laparoendoscopic inguinal hernia repair is superior to open surgery with respect to all pain-associated parameters. Profound knowledge of the anatomy of the groin, of the pathophysiology of hernia development as well as of the working mechanisms of the surgical techniques are described as being the key features for successful treatment. The worldwide penetration rate of TAPP/TEP is dependent on the respective country and varies between 1% and 80%. The main reasons for these striking differences are the preference of individual surgeons, available resources of the specific national health care systems, differences in training facilities, and even differences in insurance coverage. New imaging systems as well as robot-assisted techniques are still need to be evaluated sufficiently for final recommendations. CONCLUSION: TAPP and TEP are well-established techniques of minimally invasive repair of inguinal hernias. Both techniques are safe, reliable, and cost-effective. Despite some meaningful advantages in comparison to open surgery, the penetration rate in most of the countries, however, remains low. Improvement of training techniques and facilities is urgently needed. Robot-assisted techniques and the use of simulators may be the promoter of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in the future.


Cuticular scales on hairs have sometimes been described as providing adequate identification of mammalian species or even of individual donors. However, the analysis of photomicrographs of hair from 52 species of mammals taken with the aid of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicate that cuticular scales of hair are of limited taxonomic use.


Selenium based chalcogenide glasses are attractive candidates for IR devices due to their low transmission loss. Thermal studies for Ge19Se81-xSbx (x = 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 17.2, 20) have been carried out using differential thermal analysis. Glass transition temperature has been calculated using Tanaka's relation. Marseglia's and Ozawa's methods have been used for the calculation of activation energy for crystallization. Effect of Sb addition on GeSe base system shows that resistance to devitrification increases up to x = 17.2.


We consider the dynamical system, which phase space containes a closed submanifold filled by periodic orbits. The following problem is analysed. Let us consider a small perturbations of the system. What we can say about the number of periodic orbits, survived under perturbation, and about their location in the neighborhood of the submanifold under consideration? We obtain the solution of this problem for the perturbations of general type in terms of avereged perturbation. The main result of the paper is as follows. Theorem: Let us consider the Hamiltonian system with Hamiltonian function H on a symplectic manifold (M^" , !^) . Let A C H'^(h) be the closed nondegenerate submanifold filled by periodic orbits of this system. Then for the arbitrary perturbed function H, which is C^{close to the initial function H, the system with the Hamiltonian H has at least two periodic orbits on the isoenergy surface H~^(h). Moreover, if either the fibration of A by closed orbits is trivial, or the base B = A=S^ of this fibration is locally fiat, then the number of such orbits is not less than the minimal number of critical points of smooth function on the quotient manifold B.


The increasing miniaturization of electronics has enabled tiny sensors and processors to be integrated into everyday objects, making them ''smart'' , such as smart watches, fitness monitoring products, food items, home appliances, plant control systems, equipment monitoring and maintenance sensors and industrial robots. By means of wireless and wired connections, they are able to interact and cooperate with each other to create new applications/services in order to reach common goals. By 2025, it is predicted that there can be as many as 100 billion connected IoT devices or network of everyday objects as well as sensors that will be infused with intelligence and computing capability.


Research on the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials for bridge decks and superstructures has been ongoing since the 1980s. Vehicular bridges have been in service since 1996, and pedestrian bridges, longer than that. This paper focuses on vehicular bridges, of which many were funded by FHWA's Innovative Bridge Research and Construction Program or other funding initiatives. The objective is to summarize where the projects are, who supplied them, how they were constructed, what the benefits of using FRP were, what lessons can be learned, and what the projects cost. A review of this information should be useful to civil engineers or bridge owners who want to assess the state of the practice and make a judgment about using FRP for bridge decks or superstructures.


Nitric oxide is essential in the vascular adaptation to pregnancy, as knockout mice lacking nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) have abnormal utero‐placental perfusion, hypertension and growth restriction. We previously showed with ex vivo studies on transgenic animals lacking NOS3 that adverse intrauterine environment alters fetal programming of vascular reactivity in adult offspring. The current research shows that altered vascular reactivity correlates with higher blood pressure in vivo. Our data suggest that higher blood pressure depends on both genetic background (NOS3 deficiency) and uterine environment, becomes more evident with age (> 7 postnatal weeks), activity and stress, is gender specific (preponderant among males), and can be affected by the sleep–awake cycle. In utero or early postnatal life (< 7 weeks), before onset of hypertension, may represent a potential window for intervention to prevent future cardiovascular disorders.


About 3000 data collected on lateral placement and speed of different category of vehicles at various sections of two lane roads are analyzed. For the collection of data, the lane width was divided into segments of 25 cm each, and the placement of left rear wheel of vehicles was noted along with the time taken to travel the trap length (30 m) using a stop watch. Equations were developed between the lateral placement and speed for all categories of vehicles from the field data. The analysis shows that heavy vehicles (truck and bus) 3-wheelers, and slow moving vehicles (bicycles and man-pulled cycle rickshaws) follow a linear relation, while 2-wheelers and cars follow a second degree polynomial relation. The vehicles as a whole follow a second degree polynomial relation. The results of this study give a better insight to the variation in speed with placement.


Opiophobia has been described increasingly in the clinical and addiction medicine literature as irrational fear of using opioids when these medications are clinically indicated.1 Although definitive studies of the epidemiology and prevalence of opioid-induced addiction are not available, numerous surveys and medical record reviews have documented that iatrogenic addiction is uncommon except in patients with a history of substance abuse, personality disorder, or severe affective disorder.2,3 Many experienced and knowledgeable pain clinicians spend large amounts of time educating colleagues, the general public, health policy makers, and regulatory agencies on risks to patients and society in general that result from undertreatment of pain, and the importance of using opioids correctly when they are clinically indicated. Highly exaggerated fears of addiction and other adverse events from opioid use among both health professionals and the general public inhibit the needed use


Quality Management, Environmental Management and Organizational Design in the Hotel Industry: A Qualitative Study
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the paper analyzes the relationship between quality management and environmental management and their effects on hotel performance. Second, the article examines the relationship between these two management systems and organizational design. The paper uses an exploratory, qualitative approach based on interviews with managers and experts in the hotel industry. Based on a content analysis of interviews, the results lead to several propositions. Specifically, quality and environmental management influence hotel performance through mediating variables. Moreover, the implementation of quality management facilitates the implementation of environmental management. Furthermore, the implementation of these two management systems is associated with an increase of formalization and decentralization. The paper contributes to the analysis of quality management, environmental management, organizational design and performance in a joint manner, which has not been attempted before in the hotel industry. In addition, it helps extend the findings about these links in manufacturing and service organizations to the hotel industry.


Superadobe Technology consists on filling long polypropylene sacks with a moist mixture of clay, sand, gravel and lime/cement; placing and compacting one on top of another forming concentric rings of decreasing radius and describing a double curvature monolith.From the 26th of August till the 6th of September of 2017, a group of 10 students at the "Domoterra" Institute of Earthbag construction, in the province of Teruel, autonomous community of Aragon, Spain, participated in the construction of what would become a Superadobe domed shelter of internal diameter 4m, roughly 3.5m high with the capacity to enclose 17.5m^2 of habitable surface, using approximately 250m of polypropylene sack and 20 m³ of earth.The structure advanced from an initial base cylinder of 0.5 m to the height of 2.1 m in 7 effective work days of 8 hours each day, and such an experience is taken into account together with existing literature, to describe the construction process of a Superadobe dome.


Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) derived pachymetry mapping has potential in diagnosis of early and advancing keratoconus. The OCT corneal pachymetry map–based logistic regression formula and the keratoconus risk scoring system has been proven to provide very accurate results in keratoconus identification. In keratoconus screening these techniques might be helpful. Objectives: To ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of anterior segment optical coherence tomographic corneal pachymetry to diagnose the cases the cases of early keratoconus by using corneal topography as a high standard with which other techniques of these kinds are compared. Study Design: Cross-sectional (validation) study. Duration: One year from July 01, 2019 to June 30, 2020. Settings: Department of Ophthalmology, Allied Hospital/DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad Pakistan. Methodology: A total of 195 patients having asymmetrical astigmatism (>1 diopter), 12-40 years of age of both genders were included. Patients with corneal ulcer and corneal opacity were excluded. After complete examination corneal topography and anterior segment optical coherence tomography was performed. Tomographic minimum central corneal thickness was recorded and assessed for cutoff value, if exceeding cutoff value patient was diagnosed with the early keratoconus. Results: In OCT pachymetry positive patients, 103 (True Positive) had early keratoconus and 05 (False Positive) had no early keratoconus on corneal topography. Among 87, OCT pachymetry negative patients, 04 (False Negative) had early keratoconus on corneal topography whereas 83 (True Negative) had no early keratoconus on corneal topography (p=0.0001). Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of anterior segment optical coherence tomographic corneal pachymetry to diagnose the cases of early keratoconus in the suspected individuals by using corneal topography as gold standard was 96.26%, 94.32%, 95.37%, 95.40% and 95.38% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that diagnostic accuracy of anterior segment optical coherence tomographic corneal pachymetry to find out the cases of early keratoconus is very high. Keywords: Optical coherence tomographic corneal pachymetry, Keratoconus, Sensitivity


This paper is about the use of management accounting information for inter organizational decision making. We propose that the framework outlined by Nørreklit et al. (2017) is suitable for the study of this topic and to contribute to inter organisational decision making literature. There is a need for developing inter-organisational decision-making models (Dekker, 2016) and making such models match the complexities of practical reality (Nørreklit et al, 2017). This reality involves a high degree of information uncertainty and a coalition of decision participants. Drawing on Pragmatic Paradigm (Nørreklit et al 2006, 2007; Nørreklit 2011; Nørreklit, 2017) Nørreklit et al (2017) outline a framework for the study of organisational decision making by employing the case study research method. These authors use the conceptual fundamentals of Pragmatic Constructivism whose main components of reality construction are: Actorship and authorship Four dimensions of reality (facts, possibilities, values and communication) Constructing causality to integrate the four dimensions above Integrative learning theory of truth – knowledge about reality construction


The under-construction SG-III laser facility is a huge high power solid laser driver, which contains 48 beams and is designed to deliver 180kJ energy at 3ns pulse duration. The testing ending up at September 2012 validated that the first bundle lasers of SG-III facility had achieved all the designed requirements. And shortly later in December 2012, the first round of running-in physics experiment provided a preliminary X-ray diagnostic result. In the testing experiment, detailed analysis of the laser energy, the temporal characteristics, the spatial distribution and the focusing performance was made by using the Beam Integrated Diagnostic System. The 25kJ 3ω energy produced by the first bundle lasers created the new domestic record in China. These great progresses in the laser performance and the physics experiment have already demonstrated that the facility is in excellent accordance with the designs, which establish a solid foundation for completing all the construction goals.


The increasing need for pavement rehabilitation, coupled with the current shortage of funds, has necessitated a re-examination of the traditional approach to pavement rehabilitation. Draft trh12 has now been published and it is believed that its implementation will result in significant improvements in the management of rehabilitation and thereby in the adoption of more economically effective measures. This has been demonstrated by two investigations, one on route p6/1 (transvaal roads department) and the other on route n2/10 and 11 (Department of Transport). This paper reports on the implementation of the initial assessment phase of the rehabilitation design procedure. Furthermore, it examines the consequences of this implementation and in particular the effect on existing surveillance equipment.(a) for the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 815702.


MF-$0.75 HC-$1.50 PLUS POSTAGE Behavioral Science Research; *Changing Attitudes; *Classical Conditioning; *Negroes; *Racial Attitudes; Racial Discrimination; Semantic Differential; *Vietnamese The purpose of this study was tc determine whether or not certain attitudes can be modified through laboratory procedures using positively evaluated words within a classical conditioning paradigm. It was hypothesized that evaluations of Vietnamese and Negroes would become more favorable after pictures of each were paired with the presentation of positively evaluated adjectives. Evaluations were made through the use of a semantic differential-type attitude scale. Analysis of covariance demonstrated a significant increase in favorable evaluations toward the Vietnamese only. The reason the evaluation toward the Negroes did not demonstrate similar change may have been due to the fact that Caucasian subjects' attitudes toward Negroes are too psychologically significant an issue to be modified by a single session of conditioning trials. (Author/DP)


The lichenized green microalga Trebouxia lynnae Barreno has been recently described and is considered a model organism for studying lichen chlorobionts. Its cellular ultrastructure has already been studied in detail by light, electron, and confocal microscopy, and its nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced and annotated. Here, we investigated in detail the ultrastructure of in vitro grown cultures of T. lynnae observed by Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy (LTSEM) applying a protocol with minimum intervention over the biological samples. This methodology allowed for the discovery of ultrastructural features previously unseen in Trebouxiophyceae microalgae. In addition, original Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images of T. lynnae were reinterpreted based on the new information provided by LTSEM. The nucleolar vacuole, dictyosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum were investigated and reported for the first time in T. lynnae and most likely in other Trebouxia lineages.


The western North Pacific monsoon in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the local Hadley circulation in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) are important components of the vertical meridional circulation over the western Pacific Ocean. Here, we define the SH meridional circulation (SHMC) and NH meridional circulation (NHMC) and investigate their relationship over the western Pacific Ocean. Although they are consistent integrally in the climatological circulation, the NHMC and SHMC do not have a positive change relationship but a significantly negative relationship. In addition, this negative correlation experiences an interdecadal change, with one closely related period during 1989–2003 (Period 2, P2) and two weakened related periods during 1979–1988 (Period 1, P1) and 2004–2017 (Period 3, P3). Through the analysis of the meridional wind field at lower and upper levels, we found that the SHMC moves northward during P2, which can result in a close relationship with the NHMC. The possible mechanism is as follows: The Walker circulation strengthened in P2, which strengthened the ascending motion over the western Pacific Ocean, thus inducing the SHMC to strengthen and move northward, resulting in a significantly stronger relationship with the NHMC.


Inspired by the mechanisms of biological neural cells, artificial neural network (ANN) has a wide application over many areas for its predictive performances of data analysis. Devised as the mathematic "gate", activation function plays a key role in ANN to determine the degree of activation of each neuron unit. The choice of activation function usually has a strong influence on optimization and model accuracy. In this paper, several mathematical properties of activation functions are analyzed through the studies of relating literatures. It's concluded that the selection of activation function is not an achievement at one stroke but what should take considerations from different aspects.


Based on the control procedure of design schedule,it introduces the requirement for defining baseline plan in design project,the data to be collected during the schcdulc control,the method for analyzing the schedule and necessary measures to be taken,etc.The paper provides some theoretical analysis on further controlling well the design schedule.


Abstract 3526 Poster Board III-463 Research on transplantation rejection, tolerance, and immunosuppressive agents has been directed toward the adaptive immune response as, until now, it has been believed to be the dominant mechanism for alloreactivity. The role of innate immunity in transplantation has not been fully defined. Despite the sentinel role of innate immunity in driving and shaping adaptive immunity, the contribution of innate immunity to bone narrow cells has only recently been identified. TLR4-driven MyD88-dependent immunity has been demonstrated to be critical for allogeneic innate immune responses to solid organ transplants. Whether innate immunity plays a role in BMC rejection has not been defined. In the present studies we tested whether the absence of MyD88 would enhance allogeneic engraftment in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The core component of TLR signaling is activation of an IL-1-like pathway dependent upon the adapter MyD88. MyD88−/− B6 mice (n=6) were used to study the role of MyD88 signaling in allogeneic BMC rejection. As TRIF is another crucial adapter for TLR3 signaling and responsible for induction of signaling via type 1 IFNs, B6 TRIF−/− mice (n=6) were also investigated. Wild-type B6 (H2b, n=6) mice were used as controls. In the present study, MHC plus minor antigen-disparate BALB/c (H2d) mice served as allogeneic bone marrow donors. Recipients were nonmyeloablatively conditioned with anti-CD154 mAb (day0 and +3) to block CD40:CD154 co-stimulatory pathway and sirolimus (day0 to +4) to block late-stage T cell activation by inhibiting IL-2 responsiveness. Recipients were transplanted with 15 × 106 allogeneic (BALB/c; H2d) marrow cells 4-6 hours following conditioning with 100 cGy total body irradiation (TBI). Allogeneic engraftment was achieved in 33.3% of MyD88−/− recipients at 1 mo after BMT, a percentage similar to that for wild-type B6 mice. Surprisingly, 100% of TRIF−/− mice engrafted. The level of donor chimerism in TRIF−/− mice was 5.1 ± 0.6% at one month after BMT, which was significantly higher than in MyD88−/− (1.8 ± 1.0%; P Disclosures: Ildstad:Regenerex: Equity Ownership.


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Call it Back to the Future IV. People are talking about ATMs again. And not just as a cost center to be managed or a mature asset to be maintained, but as an investment priority and, increasingly, as a competitive imperative. ATMs are not the profit centers they once were, nor are there expectations that they will be. But leading banks' behind-the-scenes investments in advancing their ATM technology platforms (and their broader technology infrastructure) over the past several years have laid the foundation for new features and functionality--most notably image-enabled deposits--that are changing consumers' ATM experience in meaningful ways. With significant benefits to be gained from the mass-market rollout of deposit imaging, and further challenges and opportunities looming on the horizon with the rise of mobile banking and payments, banks are re-thinking the ATM's role within their distribution strategies. ATMs have become exciting again. With the banks' renewed focus on the channel, we may be entering a fourth "phase" in the U.S. ATM industry's evolution: channel resurgence. To understand evolving ATM strategies, First Annapolis spoke with a number of leading banks earlier this year about channel focus; deployment and placement strategies; technology investments; and priorities for ATM functionality. This article is based on those findings, along with other primary and secondary research we have conducted over the past several years. Customer service returns For the past several years, the leading banks have been slowly returning to the customer-service roots of the ATM channel, with their primary strategic focus now shifting from simply expanding access to enhancing the user experience (chart, above). [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In recent years, banks have focused on increasing customers' fee-free ATM access through direct deployment and alternative arrangements (e.g., independent service organizations, or ISOs). Many of them have now achieved their optimal network size. As deposit imaging gains traction and initial rollouts demonstrate early returns in terms of transaction migration and increased customer satisfaction, a renewed focus on the user experience is reflected in banks' channel strategies. Direct profitability, while still an important factor in managing the business, is no longer a strategic driver for most banks. Consumer-centric deployment Leading banks' ATM deployment strategies tend to be in line with their retail customer-service focus. That is, they serve their existing customer bases, and so they utilize on-premise units along with off-premise deployments within the bank's overall footprint. Currently, leading banks average 2.8 ATMs per branch (including bank-owned ATMs and bank-branded ATMs owned by ISOs). The average bank fleet is 60% on premise/40% off premise, with many banks supplementing direct oft-premise placements with branded ISO-owned locations. Looking forward, most deployers believe they are at or close to the "right" number of ATMs for their customer base. As such, they are more focused on rationalizing current placements and filling distribution gaps than on wholesale expansion of ATM networks. Future growth is expected to be in line with banks' branch network expansion, with most of the growth on-premise, plus limited off-premise expansion in select markets to fill service gaps or support new branches. Says a regional bank's channel manager: "We were focused on aggressively expanding deployments, but in the past year or so, we feel we have finally achieved the right density. The goal now is to improve the experience at the machine. Our priorities are focused on imaging, marketing, and, increasingly, migrating teller functions to the ATM." Investing in the customer experience With their network footprints more or less stabilized, banks appear to be shifting focus more toward the customer experience they deliver--or want to deliver--via the ATM. …


As a lifelong butterfly addict, Vladimir Nabokov's aesthetic thoughts were deeply influenced by butterflies. His butterfly-aesthetics includes two parts: realistic details and paradox structure. The combination of the two creates a special power which elaborates the game plot of post-modern literature as well as the fictive nature of literature. In a sense, Nabokov's unique post-modernism style was characterized by a combination of the traditional realistic narration and the complicated text structure of postmodernism, which distinguishes Nabokov from other post-modern writers.


The objective of this research is to explain the accelerated discipleship model of JesusChrist according to the Synoptic gospels and modern discipleship experts to multiplicate the churchmembers of GSJA (Church of General Assembly) Surakarta.The research method here is a qualitative research with literature study consists of: books,papers, magazines, website, reports, and other writings data related to the research questions.From the result of the research, then the researcher propose a Model of AcceleratedDiscipleship to Multiplicate Church Member in GSJA Surakarta consists some aspects as follow:first, biblical and contextual discipleship history; second, discipleship principles (selection orscreening), training center (training, development, anointing, exampling), multiplication (sending,controlling, multiplication); third, discipleship components, such as: teacher (Jesus Christ-TheGreat Teacher, Hoy Spirit The Councelor, teacher/trainer), relationship (friendship,interdependent), subject matter and curriculum (The Bible, KTBK series), method (inductivecontextual), discipleship acceleration, and output of discipleship; fourth, discipleship acceleration;and fifth, result of discipleship.Keywords: Discipleship, Acceleration, Jesus Christ, Multiplication of Church Member


Recently, there has been increased interest in the use of stents as flow diverters in the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms as an alternative to surgical clipping or endovascular embolization with coils. The aim of aneurysm stenting is to block the flow into the aneurysm in order to clot the blood inside the aneurysm and effectively isolate it from the circulation and prevent bleeding from the aneurysm. A hybrid meshing approach that combines body‐fitted grids for the vessels and adaptive embedded grids for the stents is proposed and analyzed. This strategy simplifies considerably the geometry modeling problem and allows accurate patient‐specific hemodynamic simulations with endovascular devices. This approach is compared with the traditional body‐fitted approach in the case of the flow around a circular cylinder at representative Reynolds number and an idealized aneurysm model with a stent. A novel technique to map different stent designs to a given patient‐specific anatomical model is presented. The methodology is demonstrated on a patient‐specific hemodynamic model of an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery constructed from a 3D rotational angiogram and stented with two different stent designs. The results show that the methodology can be successfully used to model patient‐specific anatomies with different stents thereby making it possible to explore different stent designs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Recently, a system that uses focused ultrasound to expel renal stone fragments from the kidney by radiation force was developed by Shah etal. [Urol. Res. 38, 491–495 (2010)]. A worst-case treatment protocol using this system would require a total exposure time of 10 min, with a spatial peak pulse average intensity (I_SPPA) of 3600 W/cm2 in water (16 MPa peak positive pressure) and a 3% duty cycle. As the system operates above the FDA limits for diagnostic ultrasound, our goal is to verify the safety of the system by determining the threshold for renal injury. A 2-MHz annular array generating I_SPPA up to 29 000 W/cm2 in water was placed on the surface of in vivo porcine kidneys and focused in the proximal parenchyma. Exposures of 10 min duration with varying I_SPPAs and duty cycles were repeated at least 6 times. Mechanical tissue damage and cell viability were evaluated histologically using H&E, PAS, and NADH diaphorase stains. The proportion of samples showing injury was plotted versus duty cycle and I_...


In this work a novel target detector is proposed that is nonparametric in terms of conditional probability density function (pdf) estimation and parametric with respect to the target strength of the additive model it relies upon. The variable bandwidth kernel density estimator is employed to estimate the conditional pdfs, whereas the target strength is estimated via the Maximum Likelihood approach. Experimental results over real hyperspectral data show that the detector succeeds in detecting target objects embedded in a complex background and in providing reasonable estimates for the target strengths.


Data asset operation is the key and core of building data factor market. It has become the core work of global data development. As an important force in energy transformation and digital transformation, power enterprises must actively carry out the construction of power data asset operation system. Power enterprises need to build a data asset operation system composed of six key tasks: data ownership and compliance application, data asset value evaluation, data asset price accounting, data asset circulation strategy, data asset income distribution and data operation effectiveness evaluation. Define the operation boundary of data assets, use the index system to evaluate the value of data assets, and use the mathematical model to calculate the price of data assets. Promote and apply relevant technical methods to achieve the purpose of quantitative management and scientific decision-making.


This highly recommended volume presents archaeological, historical, and ethnohistorical studies of native and European interaction in the western Spanish Borderlands. The Borderlands comprise the lands lying between California and Florida, which generally straddle the international boundary between Mexico and the United States. More importantly, however, in the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries these lands lay between New Spain's population, raw material, and manufacturing-production centers and the North American outposts of competing empires such as France, Britain, and Russia; thus, the Borderlands constituted Spain's northern frontiers in the New World. Temporally, the research in this volume focuses on the Spanish Colonial period from initial European contact until the 1821 Mexican Revolution or the time of mission secularization. As such, this Borderlands research has the potential to address significant issues of culture change in nonstate contexts in the New World. This review describes some of the paradigms, themes, and data sources common to the archaeological and historical articles. Because of the considerable length and diversity of articles in the volume, no attempt is made to discuss each of the 30 articles, though particularly promising or substantive contributions are cited. The articles are organized into three sections corresponding to western Borderlands geographic subareas, with overview introductions written by experts in that subarea. The southwestern heartland section is introduced by Cordell and consists of 11 articles focusing on New Mexico, Arizona, Chihuahua, and Sonora, with seven articles by archaeologists, two by historians, and one each by a Native American and a physical anthropologist. These articles present regional patterns in historical or archaeological assemblages from multiple sites and data sources. Authors emphasize native over mission sites, primarily because of triballand-ownership concerns and the difficulty of interpreting data from mission excavations performed early in this century. Relatively little recent cultural-resource-management (CRM) work at missions is included. The Texas and northeastern Mexico (Coahuila and small portions of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas) section is introduced by Hester and consists of seven articles, all by archaeologists. The site-specific material-culture focus is evident in the emphasis on describing architecture and assemblages from Spanish-contact sites. The focus on mission sites results from CRM-funded work at these sites over the past 15 years and the greater visibility of contact period mission vs. native sites. The California section is introduced by Costello and Hornbeck and consists of 11 articles by 16 authors on Alta California (eight archaeologists and one each Native American, geologist, geographer, art historian, and physical anthropologist). One article by a historian discusses Baja California. The archaeological articles present data on mission sites but also focus on variables in native cultural change, primarily because of the excellent archival data available on the missions. Much recent work at California mission sites has resulted from CRM requirements, which have shifted emphasis from architecture and museum displays to anthropological questions about the data base. Themes crosscutting the geographically based sections are describing and explaining the range of native strategies for coping with Spanish contact, including shifting alliances with Spaniards and native groups, increased residential mobility, sporadic residence at missions, and native adoption of significant introductions such as domestic animals and crops. Recurring important variables are depopulation, labor, and disease. Many articles also emphasize economic concerns, including direct and indirect Spanish effects on native and foreign-trade patterns and mechanisms for controlling trade and moving raw materials and manufactured products from the Borderlands to consumers. In accordance with Thomas's (p. 9) definition of a cubist perspective on the Borderlands, involving multiple, simultaneous views of the subject, the articles use a wide range of sources, including archival and archaeological data and also oral history, ethnohistorical, and physical-anthropological viewpoints, in addition to nonanthropological perspectives such as art history. Many of the authors (e.g., Adams and Spielmann in the southwestern heartland section; Gilmore, Eaton, Fox, and Corbin in the Texas and northeastern Mexico section; and Hoover and Greenwood in the California section) use both historical and archaeological data sources and explicitly compare the results from each source. West, in discussing California historical-period vegetation change, compares various fossil-plant data sources, including opal phytoliths, sedimentation rates, and charcoal abundance in deep-sea rhythmites; he


The European Commission recently presented a proposal for a Directive on the topic of adequate minimum wages. The purpose of the directive is to prompt an upward convergence of national minimum wages, so as to ensure their adequacy in all EU countries. This article aims to analyze the actions included in the draft Directive and evaluate the adequacy of its legal basis, eventually drawing some critical conclusions.


Even though the animation industry has been growth since 2011, there is still imitation by public stereotype which insists that animation is only able to cover the young age group and is not the proper genre of art to convey a social or a philosophical agenda. However, <Padak> describes the philosophical agenda of 'social class' and 'life and death' in the limited space by expressing characteristics and background of fish through its own way. Thus, it shows how animation goes beyond aforementioned limits. Straying from traditional happy-ending, it criticizes present social problems by telling despite fishes' effort they cannot escape from structural contradictions. The drawing technique in musical expresses the character's ideology and attitude to make people think about how we will behave in the face of life and death. Therefore the purpose of this paper is analyzing director Lee Dae-hee's animation <Padak(2012> and present the genre expandability of animation.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of reducing acidity of hydrocarbon raw material, which includes: (a) contact of hydrocarbon raw material, which contains organic acid, with phosphonium ionic liquid, non-mixable with hydrocarbon raw material, including tetrabutyl phosphonium methane sulfonate, with obtaining mixture, which contains hydrocarbon and said liquid; (b) separation of mixture with obtaining effluent, which contains hydrocarbon, and effluent, which contains phosphonium ionic liquid, containing organic acid. In addition, method includes contact of effluent, which contains ionic liquid, with regenerating solvent and separation of effluent, containing ionic liquid, from regenerating solvent with obtaining flow of extract, which contains organic acid, and flow of regenerated ionic liquid, which contains phosphonium ionic liquid, non-mixable with raw material, where regenerating solvent contains water, and flow of regenerated ionic liquid additionally contains water and where effluent, which contains hydrocarbon, contains phosphonium ionic liquid, non-mixable with raw material, additionally including washing of, at least, part of effluent, which contains hydrocarbon, with water with obtaining effluent, containing washed hydrocarbon, and flow of waste water, and flow of waste water contains phosphonium ionic liquid, non-mixable with raw material; with, at least, part of flow of waste water being, at least, part of regenerating solvent. EFFECT: claimed method can ensure removal of up to eighty percent of organic acids from hydrocarbon. 10 cl, 2 dwg, 5 ex, 1 tbl


The aim of this paper is to present a novel technique for the design of millimetre substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power dividers based on the Quick Finite Element Method. The return losses, transmission coefficients and the field's distribution are presented and analyzed by this technique. To present the validity and the performances of our structures, the obtained results are compared with CST commercial software in the band frequencies from 40 to 75 GHz. The numerical simulation program can provides useful design information as well as physical insights for frequencies in the millimeter wave range.


This work presents a numerical study, in a transie t state, of the thermal behavior of a horizontal alveolar structure filled with air and vertically h eated by a sinusoidal excitation applied to its sup erior surface. The lower surface is maintained to a constant tempe rature. On the vertical sides, a periodicity condit ion is imposed (repetitively condition). The coupled heat tr nsfers by conduction, natural convection and by radiation is taken account. The Boussinesq approximation is v alid. The system of equations is solved by the fini te difference method based on the control volume appro ach and the SIMPLE algorithm. The response of the structure in term of the variation of the internal and external heat flux and the maximal stream funct io are compared for different considered parameters of the applied temperature. The average values of the fre quency and the amplitude of these grandeurs are analyzed. The effect of the emissivity on the behavior of the nature flow and on the heat flux is also discussed.


The well part of BZ_algebra was introduced and the following results were proved.The well part of a zero_symmetric BZ_algebra X is a BCI_subalgebra of X.The well part of a BZ_algebra X is not an ideal of X meeneral moreover a result about ideae of BZ_algebra is proposed.


trick. It was also Weber who sarcastically quipped about the methodological controversies of his day that their main significance likely consisted of an indication that something had gone wrong in normal social science. On the other side of the methodological fence, I suspect that the mathematical simplicity of fuzzy set membership attributions may lack the gravitational pull to wrench many quantitative sociologists from their aesthetic dispositions for complex structural equation models. In my opening remarks, I half jokingly alluded to the restructuring of sociology curricula as a possible consequence of taking Redesigning Social Inquiry seriously. While it is surely difficult to adapt works that seek to break the mold of sociological inquiry to a structure as recalcitrant to change as university curricula, I can envision several niches for this book in traditional courses. Some knowledge of quantitative methods and qualitative methods is assumed in this book, so in undergraduate research methods courses it might serve well as a concluding critical synthesis reading. The limitations of quantitative correlation analysis that Ragin points up are well taken and perhaps even devastating blows to researchers who have not encountered his work. This and other critiques of the logic of traditional quantitative analysis are typically missing elements of methodology courses that could use greater balance and honesty about controversies in social research. In graduate level methods courses I see perhaps an even greater value in this book as a fresh perspective on the rather silly quantitative versus qualitative cleavage in thought and instruction. If we have moved beyond the micro versus macro pin-the-tail-on-thedonkey game, perhaps we can do the same here. Many institutions now offer some type of undergraduate capstone or senior seminar. At this point in their studies, students should have most of the requisite knowledge of traditional research methods, statistics, and social theory under their belts. This might be an ideal place for introducing something very new that integrates and extends such knowledge, as opposed to mere application of "known skills" to a topic. Even if you do not see a way to work this book into a course just yet, it really is required reading for departments that are undertaking reviews of their curricula. Ragin's work takes basic working notions about sociological research and forces readers to challenge fallacies and limitations of their own academic training. Any sociological methods professor who can smugly occupy one of the easy chairs of methodological dogma after reading Redesigning Social Inquiry probably should visit the benefits office of their institution to discuss an expedited retirement plan.


Starches and polylactic acids (PLAs) represent the main biobased and biodegradable polymers with potential industrial availability in the next decades for "bio" foams applications. This paper investigates the improvement of their morphology and properties through processing and materials parameters. Starch foams were obtained by melt extrusion in which water is used as blowing agent. The incorporation of natural fibres (hemp, cellulose, cotton linter, sugarcane, coconut) in the starch foam induced a density reduction up to 33%, a decrease in water absorption, and an increase in mechanical properties according to the fibre content and nature. PLA foams were obtained through single-screw extrusion using of a chemical blowing agent that decomposed at the PLA melting temperature. A void content of 48% for PLA and 25% for cellulose fibre-reinforced PLA foams and an improvement in mechanical properties were achieved. The influence of a fibre surface treatment was investigated for both foams.


The design train of thought on 13500m3 trailing suction hopper dredger, which is firstly designed and builded in China, is explained in this paper. It is emphasized that the saving energy designing ways such as optimizing lines, applying HR nozzle and adopting complex driving power system of one input and three outputs are in detail described. The foregoing saving energy designed ways speed up greatly the development of green shipbuilding in China.


Objective:To investigate the roles of Th2 cytokine receptors in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and its clinical significance.Methods:RT-PCR technique was used to semiquantitatively analyze Th2 cytokine receptors mRNA expression in PBMC from 89 patients with SLE,double antibody sandwich ELISA was applied to determine Th2 cytokines in serum.Results:The positive Th2 cytokine receptors mRNA expression accounted for 100% among active SLE group(group Ⅰ),inactive SLE group(group Ⅱ) and control group(group Ⅲ).The mean levels of IL-4R mRNA expressions in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 0.604±0.147,0.40±0.13 and 0.37±0.07,respecitively.Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the mean level of IL-4R mRNA expressions in group Ⅰ was markedly increased(P=0.00),while there were no statistical differences between group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P=0.351).The mean levels of IL-6R mRNA expressions in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 0.902±0.273,0.519±0.11 and 0.573±0.24,respectively.Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the mean level of IL-6R mRNA expressions in group Ⅰ was markedly increased(P=0.00),while there were no statistical differences between group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P=0.289).The mean levels of IL-10R mRNA expressions in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 0.87±0.29,0.722±0.209 and 0.684±0.138,respectively.Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the mean level of IL-10R mRNA expressions in group Ⅰ was markedly increased(P=0.00),while there were no statistical differences between group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P=0.405).The mean levels of IL-4 in serum in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 105.57±29.17,51.17±16.69 and 23.73±6.24,respectively.Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the mean level of IL(4 in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P=0.00),while that in group Ⅱ was higher than group Ⅲ(P=0.00).The mean levels of IL-6 in serum in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 71.89±20.02,17.96±6.93 and 0.035±0.035,respectively.Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the mean level of IL-6 in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P=0.00),while that in group Ⅱ was higher than group Ⅲ(P=0.00).The mean levels of IL-10 in serum in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 32.32±11.51,18.66±6.63 and 0.289±0.867,respectively.Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the mean level of IL-10 in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P=0.00),while that in group Ⅱ was higher than group Ⅲ(P=0.00).There were positive correlation between IL-4 and IL-4R in active group and inactive group(r=0.622-0.859,P0.05).There were positive correlation between IL-6 and IL-6R in active group and inactive group(r=0.887,r=0.615,P0.05).There were positive correlation between IL-10 and IL-10R in active group and inactive group(r=0.888,r=0.787,P0.05).Conclusion:The abnormal expression of Th2 cytoknes receptors might play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE,and the levels of cytokine receptors might be used as one of the indices for active SLE.There are positive correlation between Th2 cytokines levels and their corresponding cytokine receptors expression in PBMC.


Cloud resource scheduling has become a hot spot in the field of cloud computing. The common method to deal with resource scheduling problem is to build an optimization model and then use intelligent optimization algorithm to solve it. However, only tenant task execution time and the consumed resources in the built models are considered, the improvement of cloud resource scheduling performance is limited. To this end, this paper proposes a new Multi-subpopulation Co-evolutionary Genetic Algorithm called MC-GA for cloud resource scheduling, which comprehensively considers tenant task execution time, task transmission time and resources consumed by task execution. The MC-GA algorithm selects individuals with large fitness values into the selected sub-population through the elitism strategy, and randomly shrinks the size of the sub-population. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the characteristics of higher solution efficiency and stronger optimization ability than other genetic algorithms.


Long term evolution LTE base stations BS are greatly capable of improving various wireless services. As the amazingly rapid explosion of demands of various network-service applications, how to apropos design an efficient and effective resource allocation scheme for satisfying users' requirements in all perspectives in LTE BSs plays a crucial role. In this study, a state-of-the-art genetic-based resource allocation scheme has now been proposed in LTE BSs for downlink transmissions. The presented scheme supports multi-priority users and employs an aptly modified proportional fair based utility function as the performance metric. The performance evaluation of the proposed scheme is shown able to nearly achieve the optimal solution in an acceptable short time interval of few genetic generations in practice.


This paper studies whether distance shapes credit allocation by estimating the impact of bank branch closings during the 2000s on local access to credit. To generate plausibly exogenous variation in the incidence of closings, I use an instrument based on within-county, tract-level variation in exposure to post-merger branch consolidation. Closings lead to a persistent decline in local small business lending. Annual originations fall by $453,000 after a closing, off a baseline of $4.7 million, and remain depressed for up to six years. The effects are very localized, dissipating within six miles, and are especially severe during the financial crisis. (JEL G21, G34, L22, R12, R32)


Monthly lower stratosphere temperature anomalies in a layer centred about 70 hPa, from the MSU data set are analysed for the period 1979–1997. T‐mode approach principal component analysis (PCA) is used in order to obtain the leading spatial anomaly patterns and their sequences of occurrence throughout the period under study. Five principal components (PCs) are significantly different from the spatial distribution of noisy data. The patterns given by the PC scores represent ten typical spatial anomaly patterns: five correspond to the direct mode, that is to say anomaly fields with the same sign as the PC score patterns, and five have the opposite sign. The first three PCs represent simple spatial temperature anomaly distributions, with zonal wave 0 to wave 2 wave structures. The following significant PCs, orders four and five, display a more complex spatial behaviour, with wave 3 wave structures. The first two PC's frequency distribution in time, given by the PC loadings time series, do not show noticeable changes throughout the period analysed. The remaining three PCs show changes in their frequency of occurrence that might be associated with the negative trends in the lower stratosphere temperature, as well as to the other different features observed in the real temperature anomaly time series for the grid points in the Southern Hemisphere. The latter are studied with the PCA in the S‐mode approach in the companion paper (Compagnucci et al., 2001. International Journal of Climatology 21: 419–437). Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society


The effect of RNA interference-mediated adiponectin gene silence on glucose-lipid metabolism in apolipoprotein E gene knock-out(ApoE~(-/-)) mice was studied. The plasma adiponectin level in ApoE~(-/-) mice with high-fat diet and adiponectin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) adenovirus injection (ADI group) was significantly lower than that in ApoE~(-/-)mice with high-fat diet(HF group), normal-chow(NF group)and naked adenovirus injection (GF, both P<0.01). Fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, free fatty acids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and body weight were significandy elevated in three high-fat diet groups compared with in NF group, (P<0.01). However, fasting plasma insulin, free fatty acids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C in ADI group were significantly higher than those in HF and GF groups(P<0.01 or P<0. 05). A typical clinical phenotype of glucose-lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in ApoE~(-/-) mice can be induced by high-fat feeding and adiponecting gene silencing.

Key words:
RNAi;  Adiponectin;  Insulin resistance;  Glucose-lipid metabolism


17 cases of sudden death due to myocarditis were presented. The problem of the classification and mechanism of sudden death is discussed. It is concluded that heart function failure is the main reason for the sudden death of myocarditis.


This paper compares Edith Stein's phenomenological approach to empathy in On the Problem of
Empathy (1917) with that of more recent neurological explanations of empathy, broadly
exemplified by Tania Singer's (2006) work. Given that we are dealing with two different
methodologies that reflect the general debate that exists between phenomenology and natural
science (neurology), a consideration of 'method' will be discussed prior to our comparative
analysis of Stein and Singer's account of empathy. In conclusion, we argue that Stein's
phenomenological understanding of empathy provides the most comprehensive description of the
act of empathy to date for neurologists to 'reflect' on.


We present a theoretical study of the relative role of localized and propagating intermediate electronic states in the processes of elastic scattering of light. Only localized excitations lead to isotropic scattering in lowest-order perturbation theory. Inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transition affects the scattering efficiency from the ordered and disordered array of localized states in a qualitatively different way. The propagating electronic excitations may only contribute to elastic light scattering via higher-order processes. The scattering of excitons by impurities or the interface roughness potential is suggested as a mechanism for the contribution of propagating excitations. An analysis of experimental data on elastic scattering of light from quantum-well structures and bulk semiconductors suggests that the bulk materials, rather than widely investigated quantum wells, are favorable systems for studying the role of propagating electronic excitations.


FRANCIS BACON observed that "adversity is not without comforts and hopes." Higher education in the United States today, whether viewed from a financial, social, political, or to some extent even from an academic perspective, is certainly showing the marks of adversity. If Bacon implied any inverse proportionality it is difficult to detect, for comforts are few and hopes, while numerous, are far from being fulfilled.


Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensis from Late Paleocene karst deposits of eastern Brazil is the oldest and most primitive member of the Cuculidae known to date. It is one of the oldest fossils that can be placed in a modern family of birds. The zygodactyl condition, characterising the cuculids, is present in Eutreptodactylus, but the relative rotation of the trochlea metatarsi IV is slight in comparison with that in extant cuculids, suggesting that this bird may not have been an obligate zygodactyl form. Since zygodactyly had developed within the Cuculiformes by the Late Paleocene, it follows that the other family in this order, the Musophagidae, must have diverged by the early part of the Cainozoic.


Inventors being bounded rational rely on certain heuristics to select knowledge for recombination to generate innovations. This paper suggests that information about historical success is used as o...


Many commercial and social endeavours require a multitude of socio-technical systems to work together effectively in what has come to be known as systems of systems. The Through Life Capability Management (TLCM) construct, currently being embraced by defence departments across the globe, is one such endeavour. TLCM demands changes in the organisation and culture of the defence supply chain in ways that fly in the face of traditional commercial wisdom. This paper reports on two workshops held with TLCM stakeholders in which they identified, and then prioritised, the benefits that they sought from TLCM. From an agreed set of priority benefits, the groups identified the behaviours needed to realise them; the results point to significant challenges in terms of culture and knowledge management. Ergonomists and systems engineers will need to support development of intervention strategies to effect these required changes.


This thesis is divided into a teoretical part and a practical part. The teoretical part is devoted to a history of packings, functions of packings, packaging materials, a choice of packings and packaging systems. The practical part includes a history of company Meopta - optika, s.r.o., a technology of packaging and also packings, which are used by this company. The main object of this thesis is to propose resolution of packaging system for this company.


The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of basketball specific training and traditional training method on explosive power of intercollegiate men Basketball players. To achieve this purpose, 60 male basketball intercollegiate men players from Mangalore University colleges of Cauveri College Gonikoppa, St. Anne's College, Virajapet and Cauvery College, Virajapet, Karnataka were selected as subjects and their age range between 18 to 25 years. The present study concerned with the effects of Basketball Specific Training and Traditional Method Training on Explosive Power (Vertical Jump in cms.) as a physical fitness component of Basketball players. The types of training used in the present study were Basketball Specific Training with aerobic and anaerobic training and Traditional Method with plyometric training. The statistical tool used for the present study was ANCOVA along with Scheffe's Post Hoc Analysis. After applying ANCOVA, it was found that there was significant improvement in the Explosive power for Basketball Specific Training Group (BSTG), Traditional Method Training Group (TMTG) when compared with Control Group (CG). Based on the results it was concluded that the BSTG experimental group was significantly improved in explosive power of Basketball players when compared with TMTG. The study suggested that coaches, fitness trainers and physical educationists should give this type of training to enhance the explosive power of intercollegiate men Basketball players.


The paper discusses the impact of environmental policies on international competitiveness of industries. Two positions are taken in the current debate on this issue. One the one hand, strict environmental policies are blamed for imposing substantiell costs which worsen international competitiveness. One the other hand, the competitiveness of firms may be improved in the long run because firms are encouraged to develop green technologies and may take a leading position on these world markets in the future (Porter-Hypothesis). The paper demonstrates that neither theoretical nor empirical evidence is able to support one of these consicting positions in general. It shows the effects of environmental policies in different theoretical settings and discusses the problem in a model of perfect competition, in strategic environmental policy models of an international oligopoly, and in a model of firms' locational decisions. Many of the results are very sensitive to changes in parameters and assumptions and cannot be generalized. A survey of empirical studies concludes that there is no general clear evidence for neither a positive nor a negative impact of environmental policy on international competitiveness.


Britannia celebrated its 21 st anniversary in 1983. From the beginning in 1962 with three Constellations, Britannia's 1985 fleet is four Boeing 767s and 25 Boeing 737 aircraft. Britannia is now the largest independent airline in Europe in terms of passengers carried and passenger miles flown. Our present route structure, within a radius of 2500 nautical miles of London, is between some 20 UK airfields and over 70 overseas destinations. The range of the B 737 fleet extends to 1900 n.m. with full reserves and a full payload of 130 passengers. The range of our present B 767 fleet, under similar conditions, extends to 2800 n.m. with a full payload of 273 passengers. This payload—range capability is so limited by our decision to operate these aircraft for the time being with a reduced maximum gross weight. Both fleets are operated by 2-man flight deck crews.


Flooding in the Yangtze River Basin could severely damage socio-economic development, river ecosystems, food security, hydropower production and transportation in China. The Yangtze River Basin accounts for approximately 30% of China's gross domestic product (GDP) and is an engine for the country's rapid economic growth. One commonly held belief is that climate change has intensified extreme flood events, leading to increasing economic damage in the Yangtze River. Here, we quantitatively attributed economic exposure to climate change (i.e. climate-induced changes in weather-related events) and GDP growth, and assessed benefits, i.e. the reduction in economic exposure, from flood defence dikes of varying heights. To do this, we developed a framework by combing a large scale hydrological model, a hydraulic model, and long-term GDP data. We find that climate-induced changes in flood inundation area and resulted economic exposure were decreasing overall, whereas GDP growth drove the increases of potential economic exposure to floods. We also reveal that the basin average flood defence dikes should be at least approximately 3.5 m high to achieve an about ten-year average flood occurrence. Our results have significant policy and socioeconomic development implications.


6570 Vidaza and thalidomide were administered to 29 patients with MDS or AML. Vidaza was given at a dose of 75mg/kg subq × 5 days q28 days and Thalidomide starting at 50mg/day and increasing to 100mg. Therapy was well tolerated. Median age was 70 years, and there were 16 males. Two patients had RA, 2 RARS, 9 RAEB, 4 CMMoL, 10 AML and 2 Unknowns. According to IPSS, 1 had low, 7 had Int-1, 5 had Int-2 and 4 had high risk disease, and 2 unclassified (10 had AML). Eleven patients had normal, 14 abnormal and 4 unknown for cytogenetics. Seven patients went off the study due to disease progression (5) or refused therapy (1), died within a week of treatment initiation (1) while 2 are on the first cycle and too early for evaluation. Twenty-five patients are evaluable for outcome. Ten patients received 5 or more cycles of Vidaza. HI was seen in 14/25 (56%), and stable disease in 6/25 (24%) while 5/25 (20%) had disease progression. Six patients experienced complete remission (CR) and are still receiving therapy (24%), 1 experienced HI-E, 2 HI-ANC, 3 HI-P, and 2 had a bilineage improvement (HI-P and ANC and HI-E and ANC). Of 10 AML patients, three went off study due to disease progression, 1 had stable disease, 6 responded with 4 complete remissions (CR), 1 HI-ANC and 1 HI-P. Interestingly, 6/10 AMLs had a history of prior MDS, 3/6 achieved CR, 2/6 had HI (ANC and platelets) and 1 has stable disease (continuing treatment). Among the 4 de novo AMLs, 1 had CR and 3 showed disease progression. We conclude that a combination of low dose Vidaza and thalidomide is well tolerated, and highly effective therapy for the treatment of patients with MDS as well as AML arising from a prior MDS. The ability to treat secondary MDS as out-patient and achieve such a high response rate represents a paradigm shift in AML therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The dynamics of air temperatures during cold half-year to a large extent affect all human activities. Most significant damages are caused by minimum air temperatures dropping to very low values. Due to the current ongoing climate change, air temperatures in winter in general are increasing, however, this does not necessarily mean the frequency of these very low temperatures decreases. It is not easy to express the course of air temperatures during cold periods using some simple characteristic. Meteorologists and climatologists use various characteristics, which can be referred to as frost indexes. These include the number of frost, ice or arctic days. Since these indexes not always perfectly reflect reaction of the nature to a particular temperature threshold, the analysis also included number of days with minimum air temperature below -3, -5, -7, -10, -15, -20 and -25°C. In the last 15 years (2001-2015), there has been a decrease in the frost indexes in comparison to the normal period 1961-1990, this trend however, is not always statistically significant. Significant changes were found in particular in case of the number of days with a higher temperature threshold (frost, ice days and minimum air temperature above -3 to -10°C). In contrast, days with extremely low temperatures are relatively rare (sometimes only observed once in several years), so the dominant factor here is rather variability. The paper also includes an analysis of possible future development based on the most recent climatological models.


The aim of thisresearch it's to implement a prototype communication system through a dronefor the telecommunication laboratory of the computer engineering and networkscareerthat will strengthen the WiFi coverage of the career as well as the professional knowledge of the students. The research will be of applied will be through a design of study and statistical taking aside the technological impact that this will have towards the world of the telecommunications; to achieve that we will implement techniques such as: surveys and interviews, which will be directed to the 104 students of the race taken as a sample of the total number of students. In conclusion the implementation of the present project was carried out as a technological contribution that will invigorate the academic development of the career, improving the communication and the learning of which the university accredits to the professionals in formation. The droneprototype is developed and implemented based on the patent need to cover with internet coverage to remote areas that do not have this service. This in terms of the initiative to provide future visions through their improvement through innovative proposals


BackgroundThe incidence of adrenal injury after trauma is very rare. Bilateral adrenal injury, which may lead to acute adrenal insufficiency and death, whereas unilateral adrenal trauma is often asymptomatic and masked by injuries to other organs. However, when unilateral adrenal trauma is associated with multiple injuries including brain trauma, critical illness‑related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) may be present; despite the importance, criteria for the diagnosis are not well established.Case presentationWe report a 16-year-old multi-trauma, brain-injured patient with unilateral adrenal gland injury. An intraparenchymal catheter for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring was inserted and craniectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient was admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) under sedation. He presented severe circulatory shock (noradrenaline dose of 1.86 μg/kg/min). which was not reversed despite red blood cell transfusions (noradrenaline increased to 2 μg/kg/min, lactate 1.8-2.1 mmol/L, although Hct was stabilized to 34 g/dl). Empiric hydrocortisone (150 mg intravenously) was administered for suspected adrenal insufficiency, after a blood sample for cortisol levels was drawn. An abrupt improvement in hemodynamics was noted [noradrenaline dose was reduced by half (1 μg/ kg/min) in less than 1 hour, and almost became insignificant during the next 8 hours, while lactate normalized (0.9 mmol/L)]. Hydrocortizone administration was continued for nine days. Fluid balance was restored after the first day. Baseline cortisol levels were 11.45 μg/dl. ICP was steadily less than 20 mmHg. Adrenal hematoma dimensions had increased (4 x 2.7 cm), as seen in the abdominal CT scan performed 9 hours after admission. Twenty days later, a follow up CT scan revealed regression of the hematoma. His remaining ICU course was complicated by fever and sepsis and remained in the ICU for 41 days.ConclusionAlthough, data do not support the use of empiric steroids in trauma patients (with or without brain injury), this case demonstrates that adrenal insufficiency must be considered in the differential diagnosis when shock exists; adrenal gland injury, even unilateral, may play an additional factor. An urgent decision is needed, that can influence outcome.


The article introduces an Arabic mathematician Samawal and his algebra work "The al-Bahir",and points out that some problems in "The al-Bahir" may come from ancient Chinese mathematics,such as binomial expansion form, the problem of a hundred chickens and Surplus and Deficiency.According to these precious materials, this article discusses the mathematical communication between China and Arab preliminarily on the basis of comparison.


Exploration training to make tie dye products as souvenir products at Subang tourist sites is anappropriate target for the right target, for residents around Cisaat village and for MGMP teachersthroughout Subang Regency. Tiedye products in the form of rainbow T-Shrit, shibori masks, jumputanguidebags and long sasirangan fabrics, are exploration products from the community service activitiesof the Community Service Institute team - State University of Jakarta, lecturer at the Faculty ofEngineering, Fashion Design Education study program in 2022. The results of this activity MGMPresidents and teachers are motivated, enthusiastic, enthusiastic, from not understanding tounderstanding with skills and knowledge of the tiedye rainbow motif coloring technique. And willspread these knowledge skills to the students of the Subang MGMP teachers


Copyright: © 2015 Henriques B. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The major developments in today's world are made at a submicron level and the biggest challenge today is to be able to fabricate components at increasingly lower dimensions. Our daily routine depend on microcomponents and we can find them in the accelerometers of ours car airbag system and mobile phone, for instance. The micro fabrication has its basis in microelectronics and most of research in this field has been focused on microelectronics devices. Nevertheless, the demand for micro-components is increasing in the most various areas like automotive, aviation, electronics, bio-medical, energy and optical fields. It includes systems for microanalysis, micro-volume reactors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and optical components among others. The widening of rage of applications of micro components brings the necessity to machine different materials, many of them difficult to machine, posing challenges to conventional machining processes. For example, the materials that need to be micromachined can be as diverse as a metallic, ceramic or polymeric: super alloys, titanium, gold, silver, aluminum, copper, chromium, tungsten, nickel, platinum, carbides, silicon, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, etc.


Bali Dental Clinic 911 is Dental and Oral Health Service which located in Denpasar. The kind of service in the Clinic, include; preventive, kurative, and rehabilitave in dental health, for Indeonesian and foreigns.The data shows that patients visiting in 2016 are 5,043, in 2017 are 5,830, and in 2018 are 6,350, majority patients from Austria. The goals of this research is to know the descriptive of satisfaction of foreigns tourism toward dental and oral services in Bali Dental Clinic 911 in 2020. This is a descriptive research with survey. The respondents in this research were all foreigns tourism who were visit Bali Dental Clinic 911 Denpasar in March 2020, with the total number of respondents are 50.The result of this research shows that: reliability demention with very satisfaction (91,5%), Responsiveness demention with very satisfaction (87,3%), assurance demention with very satisfaction (92%), Emphaty demention with very satisfaction (90%), tangibles demention with very satisfaction (85%). The conclussion of this research shows that majority foreigns tourism who were visit Bali Dental Clinic 911 Denpasar in March 2020 got very satisfaction services in dental and oral health


One of the basic principles of clinical oncology is recognition of the extent of disease at the time of presentation and tailoring of therapy to encompass the full extent of the malignant process. Such a process, when applied to individual patients, must take into account the extent of clinically detectable disease, the problems of spread, and the presumed preexisting clinically occult disease. Only then can adequate therapy be offered. The application of such a broad principle to carcinoma of the endometrium represents a challenge to the gynecologic oncologist. Carcinoma of the endometrium is the most common gynecologic malignancy, and it is estimated that approximately 35,000 new cases will be diagnosed in 1987 [1]. Using the widely accepted staging system of the International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FI GO) (Table 1), approximately 80% will present as Stage I. While it is true that the survival for advanced stages is consistently poorer, thus giving some prognostic value to FIGO staging, the fact that most patients present with 'early' disease reduces the prognostic and therapeutic value of this staging system. Furthermore, within Stage I disease there are widely variant survival rates reported. Although a commonly accepted absolute five-year survival is around 90% [2, 3], the 1985 Annual Report of FIGO reports a much lower corrected survival of about 75% [4]. Still others, looking at specific poor prognostic groups within Stage I, report very much lower survival figures; for example, Aalders et al. [5] reported a 40% five-year survival for clinical Stage I disease with surgically diagnosed adnexal extension, and Chambers et al. [6] reported a 72.9% five-year survival for Stage I patients with histology showing poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (Grade 3). These figures demand a process of risk analysis in each patient with early stage endometrial adenocarcinoma, so that appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic steps can be taken to correctly assess and treat the full extent of the malignancy. An important contribution to this process has been made by the recently published surgical staging data of the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) [7], and the application of these data to individual patients will be described.