Nonirrigated direct seeding has been studied for labor-saving mechanization of rice cultivation over the past years. It is difficult, however, to obtain a stable yield by this method as compared with transplanting cultivation because of the unstable growth of seedlings and the imperfect system of weeding. Accordingly, this method is not widely prevalent at present except in some regions. Although some technical problems remain to be solved, nonirrigated direct seeding is considered to be an important technique to push forward large-scale rice cultivation under the condition of shortage of labor. There is a great difference between the nonirrigated direct seeding cultivation and the transplanting cultivation as to the soil condition under which rice plants are grown because the former puddling is not performed and seedlings are kept under a nonirrigated condition until they grow to the two or threeleaf stage, etc. Such difference of soil condition may have a great influence on the growth of rice plants and the succession of nonirrigated direct seeding cultivation is considered, as a matter of course, to affect not only the growth of rice plants but also the soil fertility of the field. In this report, a description is made putting special emphasis on the results of an experiment•> carried out by the author to clarify these points. It seems that there is the so-called suitable field for the nonirrigated direct seeding culture from the viewpoint of easier work. The field used in this experiment was a dry paddy field (soil texture: loam; effective soil layer: 1 m or more in depth) of alluvial soil, which is widely distributed in Toyama Prefecture and considered to be a suitable field. The experiment has continued for six years to compare nonirrigated direct seeding cultivation with transplanting cultivation. For nonirrigated direct seeding, an additional experiment was established to examine the effect of application of organic matter, and dry rice straw cut into pieces were applied to the lot at a rate of 400 kg per 10 ares every year.


An apparatus and a method for improving execution efficiency of service scripts are provided. The apparatus includes a service script analyzer and a service script processor. The service script analyzer is used for analyzing various types of extracted service scripts, and extracting a set of series tags expressing a service action to form a common service object component. The service script processor is used for querying the service scripts according to a service request identifier, generating service executable code, and performing code instantiation on the common service object component in the scripts in the course of generating the service executable code. The solution is able to enhance the generation of the executable code of the service scripts with a service processor and thus improve the execution efficiency of the entire service scripts.


Learning allows people the acquisition of something new; knowledge, skills, or deepening understanding. The digital age has made knowledge and information more accessible. At the same time, those changes posed challenges in front of teaching practices and pedagogies; although access to information is easier, users are often no more than passive consumers. The preparation process of students, to be full-fledged members of the knowledge society, implies the development of lifelong learning skills and critical thinking in accessing and assessing information. Previous research shows that the best learning outcomes are achieved through active participation, connectivism and teamwork, while "playfully" learning and engaging in activities they enjoy. The purpose of research conducted on a sample of 51 undergraduate design students of the Algebra University College was to examine whether students prefer collaborative, cooperative, or independent learning, and which of the following approaches helps to increase their self-actualization, social skills and the achievement of better study results. The research was conducted during the winter semester of the academic year 2020/2021.


While the sociology of knowledge constructs the sociality of knowledge, it points out the society as its existence and justification. Since if there is not any receiver, producer and re-commentator of any kind of knowledge, there is no importance of that knowledge either. The situation of knowledge in this circuit leads to the result of its necessary relation to the social. In this context, the Western experience is thought to be important. In the context of rationalism, secularism and individualism, which were more popular with the Enlightenment, religious interpretation, expectations and practices were also seriously affected by these processes in institutional, individual and symbolic terms. Finally, as religion lost its social deterministic power at the end of this experience in the West, the self-esteem of its own institutional authority also faced dysfunctionalization. The conflict between science and religion, which started with the Enlightenment, reached its peak in the last century and took place in the form of beating religion in the backup of materialism. Here it is provided that religious representation is a Christian dogma system system, the pressure of materialism on all religions and its affirmation by positivism within the scientific paradigm have created a pressure on all religions, scientifically. The historical, political and cultural changes had reflections in the Islamic world. Although these processes are lived in it own condition, the existence of a school called scientific tafseer within the tradition of Islamic tafseer is known in the past, as well. When classical and contemporary studies on the subject are compared, it is understood that the effort to understand the Qur'an and bring it to life, sometimes has differences with the purpose of matching it with scientific facts. In this context, the study made it a problem to understand the tradition of scientific interpretation in the context of sociology of knowledge. Its purpose is to consider the tradition of scientific interpretation in the context of sociology of knowledge a) in a way that scientific interpretation as a necessity, b) scientific interpretation as a departure from purpose, c) understanding, comparison and advanced analysis through scientific interpretation with examples. Structured Abstract: The conflict between religion and science, which began with the Enlightenment, peaked in the last century and turned into anti-religion under the influence of materialism and tried to build his philosophy on the absence of religion. As such, naturally, there was a period when scientific data and inventions * Prof. Dr., Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Üniversitesi, İslami İlimler Fakültesi, Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Bölümü, Din Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Prof. Dr.,, Faculty of Islamic Sciences, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Department of Sociology of Religion 0000-0002-0775-023X email@example.com, email@example.com ** Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Bayburt Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi, Temel İslâm Bilimleri, Tefsir Asst. Prof. Dr., Bayburt University, Faculty of Theology, Department of Basic Islamic Sciences, Department of Qur'anic Exegesis 0000-0001-9094-861X firstname.lastname@example.com 3310 Özcan Güngör Abdussamet Varlı Turkish Studies, 15(7) were often compared with the sacred books, which had a significant impact on societies and, in particular, scientists. This effect was manifested by deep-rooted revolts in Western societies, such as the Renaissance and Reform. This understanding, which affects the Muslim world in different ways, although not as it is in the Western world, triggered the idea of achieving a reconciliation between religion and science in the field of religion. However, all these effects have not been seen in the Islamic world and on Muslim scholars in the intensity and momentum as in Western world. The idea that the conflict between religion and science in the Western societies will not occur in Islamic societies stems from their understanding that the Kur'an is the representative of objective truth. This way of thinking and the perception of the Kur'an have led to the understanding that the reconciliation of Quranic verses and scientific interpretations is a way to universalism. With the understanding of reconciling the truths of the Quranic verses with scientific facts and bringing them together with humanity, the concept of scientific interpretation of the Kur'an emerged Some scholars point to the Hijri 4th and 5th centuries as the date of the emergence of scientific interpretation of Kur'an as a form of reasoning and relationship with cosmological events. However, it is known that there are verses in the content of the Kur'an pointing to cosmological and scientific truths. For this reason, although it is not considered as a trend, it is possible to say that this understanding dates back much earlier. The first and most comprehensive interpretation in which the Kur'an is interpreted from beginning to end with the approach of scientific interpretation in the modern period is the work of Tantawi Jawahir "Al-Jawahir fi tafsiril-Qur'an". "Scientific interpretation " has become a school around the idea of seeing the Kur'an as the only source of scientific truths, with the emergence of separate interpretation in this framework and understanding. Some commentators who adopted this method of interpretation under the influence of the psychology of the backwardness of the Islamic world have turned to interpretation of the Kur'an with the understanding that scientific discovery and data already exist in the Qur'an. This understanding, which considers the Qur'an as a book of Science that accepts the provisions in the Kur'an as the source of systematic knowledge is in his essence contrary to the purpose of the Kur'an's revelation. Just as it is not correct to match the cosmological verses of the Qur'an with scientific discoveries, philosophy cannot be regarded as equivalent to the existence of wisdom. Instead of interpreting the events within the framework of the modern scientific paradigm and confirming them to the Kur'an, understanding the Quran within the framework of the mentality of Tawhid and interpreting it in accordance with the requirements of the time is an indisputable truth and a responsibility for Muslim scholars. This truth is also an area in which the sociology of knowledge is interested in. The sociology of knowledge, which learns, reinterprets and interprets knowledge and finally produces new names for the entity, makes the stocks of knowledge ready for the use of the social sphere, and examines the relationship between the products of thought and the daily life in which society lives, deals with the knowledge itself personally, without dealing with the accuracy or inaccuracy of the knowledge. In the presentation of this information to society, the source can be the individium, as well as religion. Because it is obtained in a different way than the work and effort of an individium. The scope of religious knowledge that is evaluated in the category of information that he / she needs most also includes facts that people understand, perceive, from the religion and all kinds of religious meanings, interpretations and facts they personally experience in their lives in relation to them. The most important point determining the difference between religious knowledge and scientific knowledge is the factual dimension. Whereas scientific knowledge is, by its nature, based on experimentation, observation, interpretation and is methodically obtained, religious knowledge is a set of beliefs, postures and, as a result, accepted values in a mental process. As humans question their relationship with what is transcendent and raises its consciousness and awareness, the need for guidance of religious and transcendent knowledge has become less and less. Different political, social and economic facts can be mentioned as the reasons for this development. The positivistic and scientific world view of this age in which we live inevitably pushes those who are interested in the Kur'an and especially scientists to deal with the issues from a scientific point of view and to make new interpretations by establishing links between scientific events and the verses of the Kur'an. Also in the last century, scientific approaches to the Kur'an and interpretations of the verses of the Kur'an, according to the requirements of scientific theories and knowledge, have been carried out. This situation has also made itself felt in the interpretation of the Quranic verses that have been sent down at the Bilgi Sosyolojisi Bağlamında Bilimsel Tefsir Geleneği Üzerinde Değerlendirmeler 3311 www.turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies point of grounding the understanding of tawhid that exists in the content of the Kur'an and revealing the power and capacity of the creator. The procedure of commentators who consider the Kur'an as a book of science or accept it as the source of scientific data and choose the way to interpret the Quranic verses from this point of view has led to wrong results and will continue to do so. In order to see that this approach to the Kur'an is wrong, many examples are given in the study. These examples are the scientific data that existed in their time and the examples given by the commentators who interpreted the Quranic verses according to their own scientific situation. As the scientific data changes, these examples show how wrong the interpretations of the Qur'an that the commentators put forward in their period are in fact, and the difficulties of interpretation of the Qur'an from this point of view.


The objective of this paper is to provide an overview and a framework for examining the relation between households and economic growth in Latin America. We intend to explore the factors explaining growth from the perspective of these microeconomic agents and to point out the factors that shape these decisions at the micro level. We focus primarily on two kinds of household decisions that are crucial to economic growth: fertility and investment in education. These two decisions determine the quantity and quality of the human resources available to the economic system of a country and the age structure of the population. Another key input in the growth process from the perspective of microeconomic agents is saving. Unfortunately the lack of information on household consumption at the micro level in the region prevents us from examining this element here. We do not focus on household enterprises or rural production either mainly because of data limitations and because most countries in Latin America are already quite urbanized and the share of GDP generated in the agricultural sector is relatively low. The first section of the paper discusses the relevance of education and fertility decisions as inputs for economic growth in Latin America and provides some examples of their importance. The second section explores what determines the fertility and schooling investment behavior of households from a macroeconomic and microeconomic perspective. Section three briefly discusses some data problems for improving our understanding of the determinants of education and fertility decision in the region and section four concludes. (excerpt)


The blends of poly(ether sulfone) and poly(aryl ether ketone) containing 1,4-naphthalene were prepared by melt mixing in a Brabender-like apparatus. The specimens for measurements were made by compression molding under pressure and then were water-quenched at room temperature. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were each measured. The dependence of tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break on blend systems was obtained. The effects of composition and miscibility on the mechanical properties are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 472–476, 2006


Compared with the axiomatic system of Euclid's geometry,this paper axiomate the circuit analysis.In the axiomatic circuit analysis,electrical charge is the element and Kirchhoff's law is the only axiom.All the theorems that describe the law of a circuit can be derived from the Kirchhoff's law and all the methods that are used to solve the voltage or current of a circuit can be get too.In the axiomated circuit system the concepts are clear,and the structure is simple.This system may incite the students' interest to study the circuit analysis.


As an important freshwater species with economic and ecological benefits, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) exhibits poor tolerance to hypoxia. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are core membrane proteins that transport glucose to tissues and regulate essential life activities. Its expression is regulated by HIF-1α and cells in hypoxic conditions to maintain energy demand through GLUTs inducing enhanced glucose transport. We cloned H. molitrix glut1 (SLC2A1) and analyzed its sequence using bioinformatics tools. The glut1 cDNA was 2104 base pairs long and encoded a 490 amino acid protein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that sliver carp glut1 is evolutionarily conserved and exhibited the highest sequence similarity with Ctenopharyngodon idella glut1. Glut1 expression was the highest and lowest in the gills and liver, respectively. Hypoxic stress significantly increased glut1 expression in the brain (p < 0.05); in the gills, it was the highest and lowest in the semi-asphyxia and asphyxia groups, respectively; in the liver, it was significantly higher under hypoxia than that of the normoxia group; and in the heart, it was significantly higher in the floating head, semi-asphyxia, and asphyxia groups than in the normoxia group (p < 0.05). The proposed mechanism may thus provide the basis for elucidating the molecular basis of silver carp's hypoxia stress response mediated by glut1.


Fish were collected from 18 Neuse River tributary stations that varied in salinity from freshwater to 12.25‰. More freshwater than salt-water species were collected in salinities of less than 3.50‰. Freshwater fishes outnumbered salt-water and brackish-water individuals up to salinities of 2.63‰. Freshwater game fishes were found in higher percentages in collections from stations with 1.75 to 3.50‰ salinities than in those from freshwater stations. Few freshwater fishes were found in salinities greater than 10.50‰. Freshwater game fishes were not abundant in salinities above 3.50‰.


On page 299, there are errors in Table 2 "Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, and NPV for HIRI-MSM, MENZA, and SDET Risk Scores Over 2 Years of Follow-up" and Table 3 "AUC (95% CI) Values From ROC Analysis of Menza, HIRI-MSM, and SDET Risk Scores". The calculation of the HIRI-MSM risk scores were underestimated for some participants. The corrected sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and ROC area under the curve are provided in the table below. The overall interpretation of the performance of the risk score is unchanged. Table. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and ROC area under the curve (AUC) for the HIRI-MSM risk score overall and by race.


weakness, balance disturbances and spastic paraparesis is presented. Seventeen months prior to this admission, the child was diagnosed with acute adrenal insufficiency and was still on replacement therapy with dexamethasone and fludrocortisone. While on therapy the child presented several relapses that required treatment correction. MRI revealed cerebral atrophy lesions, which, together with the laboratory findings and clinical symptoms, conducted the diagnosis of ALD. This diagnosis was also supported by the pathogenic mutation detected in the ACBD1 gene identified in the pacient and patient's mother and sister. The child died 8 months after the onset of neurological signs. Childhood ALD is classified as classical ALD form, the most frequent, affecting only boys aged 4 to 10 years. Family screening obliged by the identification of the homozygotes is helpful for the early therapy of heterozygotes, genetic counseling and disease prevention. The prognosis is still poor, the available treatment being hormone substitution therapy and psychological support.


Rural tourism appears, in Brazil, as an interest of the sector in the dynamics of rural spaces that represent new experiences for the traveler, being the main motivation the contact with rural communities. Its potential is focused on the historical and cultural character and in the ways of living and producing, evidencing the diversity of social groups and the immateriality of their tradition. The appreciation of the culture of a territory can contribute to the economic and social development and also favor the increase of the tourism industry. In this sense, tourism is understood as a "complex" activity that involves relations between the human social context, the influence of the sector of products and services of the economy and the sociocultural dynamics. To analyze the phenomenon of tourism is to consider the environment as integrated to other areas, in a systemic approach. Tourism supplements the needs of the market and formats the object of sale in a commercial product that is intangible and demands a more comprehensive look, beyond the logic of producer and consumer. In this sense, ii is important to reflect on the communities' interrelationships, questioning how the connection between tourism with rural communities and local cultural heritage is established? Where does Design fit into this scenario? This qualitative theoretical article intends to contextualize rural tourism by relating it to cultural heritage as perspectives for Systemic Design actions aimed at the development of rural communities and socio-cultural specificities. The method included the literature review available in articles and printed books or in electronic databases to compose the theoretical reference. It is believed that this study brings contributions to point out gaps for Design actions, focused on the conceptions of rural spaces, without losing sight of the history that constituted them, exploring their non-agricultural


Huoditang Forestry Region is on south-facing slope at mid-mountain zones of Qinling Mountains lies in the transition zone form warm temperate to subtropical. There were rich plant species that have distinct elevation steepness characteristic in spatial distribution, and most of them were secondary forests. Accurately estimating forest carbon storage plays an important role in study of national or global carbon budget. In this article, use biomass regression equation of five main forest-types at the Huoditang forestry region to calculate carbon storage and carbon density of these forests, and use GIS computer software Citystar (4.0) to analyze the spatial distribution of forests, carbon storage and carbon density in this area. The results showed that the distribution of forests have different characteristics in different elevation. Pinus armandii and Betula albo-sinensis distributed in all area, and Quercus aliena var. acuteserrat and Pinus tabulaeformis distributed at lower mountain belt. Carbon storage of and Betula albo-sinensis were higher than other three types. Mean carbon density of Larix princepisrupprechtii was highest, Betula albo-sinensis and Quercus aliena var. acuteserrat took second place and the value were almost equal, and Pinus armandii and P. tabulaeformis took third place and the value were almost equal. The spatial distribution of carbon storage and carbon density of forests was consistent with elevation.


A method for direct computation of complete load–deflection curves, including both primary and secondary branches, as well as exact calculation of singular points is presented. The method used for path following is the cylindrical arc-length method in accordance with Crisfield. To calculate singular points, an extended system, as proposed by Keener and Keller, has been adopted. The numerical problems arising from ill-conditioned stiffness matrices near the singular points, are circumvented using a deflation technique. By a modification of the constraint equation used in the arc-length method, a reliable method for branch switching has been obtained. This leads to a unified approach to complete path following of structures with limit and bifurcation points. The use of this approach is demonstrated both on a simple two-bar truss as well as on a star-shaped shallow truss dome which exhibits complex stability characteristics. Comparisons are made with calculations found in the literature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the traditional automatic monitoring of electric load, only one type of electric load can be monitored. It is difficult to separate and separate the electric load for simultaneous operation. Aiming at the shortcomings of small monitoring range and low accuracy, we designed an intelligent power load automatic detection system. The data collector and detector of the system are designed and the power load characteristic database is established. According to the established hardware system, the software system is designed to complete the collection of power load, data processing, feature classification and intelligent tracking. The experimental results show that the designed intelligent monitoring system can classify and monitor different types of electric loads at the same time, and the monitoring range is wide and the accuracy is high. Therefore, the system will play an important role in the precise management of power resources.


Oscar Wilde considered crime and sin no impediment to art or culture, as the case of the poisoner-artist-critic Thomas Wainewright (1794–1847) allowed him to demonstrate. English society of the time, as George Orwell famously declared, was as fascinated by poisoning as was Wilde. One of Orwell's cases was that of Edith Thompson who, along with her young lover, was convicted in 1922 in London of conspiracy to murder her husband whom it was alleged she had tried to poison. She and her lover were hanged in early 1923. Thompson's preoccupation with poison was entangled with her preoccupation with popular romance fiction of the day which she read copiously and discussed perceptively with her lover in the letters that helped to convict her. Her favourite novelist was Robert Hichens, the acquaintance, imitator and caricaturist of Wilde. She quoted Hichens's novel Bella Donna (1909) in letters to her lover, including on the practical matter of poison, which helped convince the jury of her guilt. Her trial, like Wilde's trials – all involving sexual transgression – raised the difficult question of whether literature could poison and influence for the worse its readers or whether it lay outside both morality and the world of action. Moreover, were Thompson's own letters literature and fantasy or were they oblique discussions of practical intent, including the intent to murder? As in the case of Wilde, a larger question supervened. In part through her reading, in part through her own experience, Edith came to believe, even before the murder, that freedom is an illusion, fate an inescapable reality.


There is now substantial epidemiological evidence suggesting the origin of susceptibility for metabolic syndromes (MetS) and associated cardiovascular dysfunctions in adulthood can be traced back to the early life. We have previously demonstrated that maternal high fructose diet (HFD) induces programmed hypertension in adult offspring; however, the cellular and molecular signaling contributing to the developmental programming of adult hypertension is not fully understood. There are a number of nutrient sensing pathways, including silent information regulator transcript (SIRT), AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) located in the central nervous system and are responsible for the detection of sugars, amino acids, lipids and the surrogate metabolite level for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Perturbation of these signaling pathways could lead to MetS and the associated cardiovascular complications. This study was designed to investigate the role of these nutrient sensing pathways in the brain on developmental programming of hypertension in offspring to maternal HFD, and the influence of high fat diet (HFatD) in offspring to these nutrient sensing pathways. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed with 60% HFD or normal diet (ND) during gestation and lactation periods. After weaning both HFD and ND offspring were subjected to HFatD or ND from the age of 3 to 12 weeks. Blood pressure was monitored under conscious condition via tail‐cuff method from week 6 to 12. Expression of nutrient sensing signals in the forebrain hypothalamus was examined by Western blot analysis. Tissue oxidative stress was quantified by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Maternal HFD induced programmed MetS and hypertension that became significant at age of 9 weeks and maintained in young adult at age of 12 weeks. Changes in both metabolic and blood pressure phenotypes were appreciably enhanced in HFD offspring with additional HFatD intake after weaning. Protein expressions of SIRT1, phosphorylated AMPK (p‐AMPK), and p‐Akt in the hypothalamus were downregulated in the HFD offspring, which were further suppressed in offspring fed with HFatD. These molecular changes were associated with tissue oxidative stress in the hypothalamus.


The state-of-the-art microbolometers are mainly based on polycrystalline or amorphous materials, typically Vanadium oxide (VOx) or amorphous-Silicon (a-Si), which only have modest temperature sensitivities and noise characteristics. The properties of single crystalline SiGe/Si multi quantum wells (MQWs) have been proposed as a promising material1. Particularly, SiGe/Si MQWs structure with high Ge concentration is expected to provide very high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) values between 6 to 8% 2. Although SiGe/Si MQWs structure as a thermistor material is extremely promising, difficulty of defect free deposition and high sheet resistance of high Ge concentrated SiGe layers are the two main bottlenecks of this approach. In this work, a very high TCR of -5.5 %/K is achieved for SiGe/Si MQWs including 50% Ge with an acceptable noise value of 2.7 x 10-13 V2/Hz at 10 Hz. The initial pixel resistance of 3 period of SiGe/Si MQWs with 50% Ge concentration is measured as 21 MΩ, which might not be compatible with the ROIC design. By the optimization of insitu Boron (B) doping level in SiGe layers of the MQW stack, 210 kΩ for 25 x 25 μm2 pixel size is achieved. The optimized B doping density of ~1 x 1018 cm-3 in SiGe wells did not cause any significant change in the TCR value whereas the 1/f noise performance is even enhanced due to the in-situ doping process and measured as 2.9 x 10-14 V2/Hz at 10 Hz.


Architectural evidence of formal fortresses of the Old Kingdom results from the excavations in Ayn Asil/Dakhla Oasis and in Elephantine/Aswan. The so far known structures of Ayn Asil could be interpreted as a monumental tower-gate with a gateway between two towers that gives access to a smaller fortress from the south. Inside the smaller fortress, architectural structures show an entrance zone with a regular lay-out forming a bent-axis entrance, later rebuilt to a three-sided courtyard with pillars and mudbrick arches. It could be dated to the 4th to 6th dynasty. The architectural remains in Elephantine and Ayn Asil show that these well-built defensive fortifications must be the forerunners of the Nubian fortresses of the Middle Kingdom that thus prove to be based on a knowledge of Egyptian patterns ruling out foreign origins.


Introduction: Cardiac Fibroblasts (CFs) play a key role in the homeostatic maintenance of ECM and healing after cardiac injury. After tissue injury, they are differentiated to cardiac myofibroblast (CMFs) which are characterized by increased collagens synthesis and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and assembly, a contractile protein and CMFs marker. In addition, CFs express TLR4 receptor and play an active role on inflammatory response after tissue injury. On CFs lipopolysaccharide (LPS), activates TLR4 and induces MCP-1 and IL-8 secretion, triggering monocytes and neutrophils migration. In addition, LPS increases ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression levels, and consequently, increases leukocytes adhesion on CF. Resolvin D1and E1 (RvD1- RvE1) two novel specialized proresolvin mediators, decreases the inflammatory response, promoting the cessation of leukocyte recruitment; however, it is unknown whether RvD1 - RvE1 regulates the inflammatory response triggered by LPS on CF and if it consequently decreases leukocytes recruitment. Objective: To demonstrate that in CF RvD1 - RvE1 decreases MCP-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression levels, and consequently leukocytes recruitment LPS-induced. Materials and methods: neonate rat CF were serum starved for 24 h, then stimulated with LPS by other 24 h in presence or absence of RvD1 or RvE1. RvD1 and RvE1 effects on CF viability and proliferation was evaluated by AlamarBlue, ALX, ChemR23, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 were determined by immunowestern blot. The adhesion of leukocytes both resolvin and effect reducing MCP-1 secretion; the increases on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression levels;


— The highly nonlinear characteristics of drying processes have prompted researchers to seek new nonlinear control solutions. However, the relation between the implementation complexity, on-line processing complexity, reliability control structure and controller's performance is not well established. The present paper proposes high performance nonlinear fuzzy controllers for a real-time operation of a drying machine, being developed under a consistent match between those issues. A PCI-6025E data acquisition device from National Instruments ® was used, and the control system was fully designed with MATLAB ® / SIMULINK language. Drying parameters, namely relative humidity and temperature, were controlled through MIMOs Hybrid Bang-bang+PI (BPI) and Four-dimensional Fuzzy Logic (FLC) real-time-based controllers to perform drying tests on biological materials. The performance of the drying strategies was compared through several criteria, which are reported without controllers' retuning. Controllers' performance analysis has showed much better performance of FLC than BPI controller. The absolute errors were lower than 8,85 % for Fuzzy Logic Controller, about three times lower than the experimental results with BPI control.


There are five features in this approach: (1) The complete nonlinear dynamics of the pursuit-evasion motion is considered in 3D spherical coordinate system. Neither linearization nor small signal assumptions are made. (2) The nonlinear H-infinity guidance design is derived analytically and expressed in a very simple form. (3) Unlike adaptive control concept, implementation of the proposed H(infinity ) guidance design does not need the information on target acceleration while ensuring acceptable intercept performance for arbitrary targets with the finite acceleration. (4) The derived guidance design exhibits strong robustness against variations in target acceleration. (5) Finally the issues related to the validation of the control law using Hardware In The Loop simulation are presented. The effects of the Flight Motion Simulator static and dynamic accuracies (time delay etc...) are discussed.


Suspending licensing fees and returning the amount already paid are normally involved in case of patent invalidity.Non-challenge clause in the license agreement violates the principle of fair competition and falls under the unfairly restrictive provision.With regard to the difficulties Chinese licensees face when challenging the non-challenge clause,this paper points out that the law shall provide relevant support for the licensees in exercising his/her right in addition to invalidating such clause.


In the recent years high-power laser beams with radial polarization have attracted an increasing interest because of their interesting properties in material processing. We present an overview of the current activities and different techniques to generate such beams in CO2 and solid-state lasers. With a polarising end-mirror which comprises a resonant grating on a dielectric multilayer Bragg-structure we recently demonstrated a 3-kW radially polarised CO2 laser. Current investigations are also focused especially on the application of this technology to thin-disk lasers. The specific requirements and the whole development from the design and fabrication to the characterization and test are illustrated with the example of a multilayer polarizing grating mirror developed to generate a radially polarised beam in an Yb:YAG thin-disc laser resonator. The potential of this kind of beams are discussed with a number of first application results, which largely confirm the predictions presented by Niziev et al1.


Three French sociologists (Bouglé, Duprat and Richard), as well as three sociologists from the United States (Hasek, Rouček and Sorokin), exclusively represented Western sociology in a list of nine foreign collaborators, which featured from 1933 to 1940 on the first page of the Czech periodical Sociologická revue. Duprat and Richard were evidently included in this list at a time when the Masaryk Sociological Society, whose publishing organ was the Sociologická revue, played a significant role in the resumed activities of the International Institute of Sociology. The collaboration of the three "American" sociologists was more participative. It answered the urgent need, according to the revue's redacting team, to inform readers on the latest developments in the field from America. The names of Bouglé, and above all Sorokin, undoubtedly represented in this list a symbolic advantage for the revue's redacting team and its international strategy.


PARP‐1‐deficient mice display a severe defect in the base excision repair pathway leading to radiosensitivity and genomic instability. They are protected against necrosis induced by massive oxidative stress in various inflammatory processes. Mice lacking p53 are highly predisposed to malignancy resulting from defective cell cycle checkpoints, resistance to DNA damage‐induced apoptosis as well as from upregulation of the iNOS gene resulting in chronic oxidative stress. Here, we report the generation of doubly null mutant mice. We found that tumour‐free survival of parp‐1−/−p53−/− mice increased by 50% compared with that of parp‐1+/+p53−/− mice. Tumour formation in nude mice injected with oncogenic parp‐1−/−p53−/− fibroblasts was significantly delayed compared with parp‐1+/+p53−/− cells. Upon γ‐irradiation, a partial restoration of S‐phase radiosensitivity was found in parp‐1−/−p53−/− primary fibroblasts compared with parp‐1+/+p53−/− cells. In addition, iNOS expression and nitrite release were dramatically reduced in the parp‐1−/−p53−/− mice compared with parp‐1+/+p53−/− mice. The abrogation of the oxydated status of p53−/− cells, due to the absence of parp‐1, may be the cause of the delay in the onset of tumorigenesis in parp‐1−/−p53−/− mice.


Axiomatic theories, following Zetterberg, derive propositions according to the logic of classes. This procedure is valid if postulated relationships are perfect, but is subject to serious error when postulates are stated, or derivations are tested via correlation or association coefficients with absolute values less than unity. Given variables A, B, and C, with rAB and rBo treated as independent, the potential range of rAo is explored. If no further assumptions are made, r*AB+r2BC1 is a necessary and sufficient condition for validation of the axiomatic deductions. But when asymmetric, causal relations in a closed system are assumed, axiomatic deductions are validated regardless of the magnitude of the independent correlations. A similar examination of systems of association, as measured by Q, is undertaken, including operating curves specifying the range of QAC for varying magnitudes of QAB and QBo, and for varying marginal conditions.


OLAP can be viewed as one type of information integration. Web-based OLAP, which is the combination of system architecture, spatial data warehouse (SDW), multidimensional data model (MDM), Webgis, as well as data mining techniques. Traditional system architecture, MDM and OLAP techniques fall short of ability to model spatial data sets. The paper tries to address the integration of SDW and Webgis in the internet environment, by introducing spatial dimension, spatial index in fact table which points to the record set of spatial aggregation, as well as spatial constrains sets, into the traditional MDM, to construct spatial MDM and spatial cuboids. Also, some experiments on spatial OLAP in the web context have been shown in the paper.


In teaching hearing-impaired children, situational teaching approaches can be encouragied and also effective. Children can be actively involved in well designed situations for language learning and behavior modification. It is also useful for them to initiate active communication with others.


Despite many pioneering efforts and works over the past decades, stochastic events have not been studied extensively in mixed-model assembly lines thus far. For a mixed-model sequencing problem with stochastic processing times, this paper aims to minimise expected total work overload. It also focuses on the most critical workstation of the line. In practice, this assumption is useful when the whole or a big portion of the assembly line is considered as a single station. In order to tackle the problem, a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm as well as two greedy heuristics from the literature is employed. However, it is realised that the DP cannot guarantee the optimal sequence neither for stochastic nor deterministic problems. It is because the calculation of work overload is involved in a recursive procedure that affects the states' value functions. Therefore, by the use of network representation, the problem is modelled as a shortest path problem and a new heuristic, inspired by Dijkstra's algorithm is developed to deal with it. Numerical results show that the proposed method outperforms other algorithms strongly. Finally, some discussion is provided about why one should consider stochastic parameters and why the proposed heuristic performs well in this regard.


Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory condition of the nose and the paranasal sinuses characterized by an infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils in addition to lymphocytes (T), mast cells and macrophages. An international clinical definition of chronic rhinosinusitis exists, but not on an immunological basis. Chronic rhinosinusitis has different etiologies with consequently different immunological inflammatory mediator results. These inflammation mediators are responsible for propagating the inflammation. The complex interactions among these cells are mediated by a group of secreted low-molecular-weight proteins that are collectively designated as cytokines to denote their role in cell-to-cell communication. Cytokines assist in regulating the development of immune effector cells, act locally and some cytokines possess direct effector functions of their own. Higher levels of IL-1β, -3, -4, -5, -6, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β have been reported in chronic rhinosinusitis compared to control tissues, but in the literature no concordant results have been found, possibly due to inhomogeneous groups. The attraction of leukocytes to tissues is essentially guided by chemokines (chemotactic cytokines). IL-8, MCP-3 and MCP-4, eotaxins 1 and 2 are increased, but as for the other cytokines no concordant results are diposable today.


The primary purpose of this study is to assess the maximum permissible capacity of distributed generations (DGs) connected to distribution systems with feeder voltage control equipment using the dual genetic algorithm (DGA), in Taiwan. The DGA is adopted to address uncertainty problems of distribution system operating states. The DGA can be subdivided into two genetic algorithm (GA) stages. In the first stage, the chromosome is used to consider the configurations of the system network of interest; those are the impedance-sensitive factors. In the second stage, the chromosome is used to consider the operating statuses of the system loads and voltage control equipment; these chromosomes are the current-sensitive factors. The existing approaches overlook the system operation conditions that may yield incorrect results and hence lead to wrong decisions in practical applications. Therefore, a maximum permissible DG capacity evaluation approach based on the DGA is proposed. The conclusions from this study are beneficial for a fast screening process for grid interconnection applications in DGs and their promotion in Taiwan.


Although theoretical analyses on electrophoresis are ample in the literature, most of them focused on the one- or two-dimensional problems for a simpler treatment; available results for the three-dimensional case, which may be closer to reality, are extremely limited. The electrophoresis of a soft, finite cylindrical particle positioned eccentrically along the axis of a narrow cylindrical pore is modeled in this study. The type of particle considered is capable of mimicking a wide class of nonrigid entities such as biocolloids and particles covered by an artificial polymer layer in practice. The electrophoretic behaviors of the particle under various conditions are simulated. We show that if the membrane layer of a particle is charged, then its electrophoretic behavior depends largely on its aspect ratio, eccentricity, and relative size, the thickness of double layer, and the thickness of the membrane layer, which might not be the case if that layer is uncharged. In addition, the electrophoretic mobility ...


This article poimts out a phenomenon in political News reporting and puts forward resolutions to overcome it,that is,broadcusting the news that leaders do good deeds for the muses,grasping the News worthy of reporting,reducing the number of current political News reporting.


Native forests are important environments for the protection of biodiversity, hydrology and soil conditions. Soils under native vegetation express their full potential through their physical, chemical and biological attributes, which are of great qualitative value for plant development and C accumulation. Soil environment represents one the major terrestrial C pool, having great capacity to sequester C from the atmosphere. Soil organic matter is one of the most important indicators of soil quality and it is commonly used to access impacts caused by management practices. The present study aimed to evaluate organic matter physical fractions as indicator of soil quality as well as the capacity for C and N sequestration of a Yellow Ultisol, under native forest, in Neopolis county, Sergipe. Soil organic matter fractions were classified as particulate organic matter (POM) and complexed organic matter (COM) through physical fractionation method. Carbon was determined in the soil as well as in the fractions, while Nitrogen was only determined in the soil. Soil C and N stocks were calculated based on soil bulk density and on the thickness of sampled soil layers. Carbon concentrations were higher in the complexed organic matter fraction than in the particulate fraction, possibly as a result of the great humification rate, a very common trend in forests soil. Carbon and N stocks were higher in the subsurface than in the surface layer, a result of the thickness of the layer as well as great level of physical and chemical protection.


This book consists of three lectures given at Stanford in 1953 by a Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court of India. The lectures deal with the role of the U. S. Supreme Court in connection with the general interpretation of the Constitution, the federal system, and civil liberties. They focus largely on the analysis of well-known cases, thus ignoring altogether the impact of executive and legislative policy upon constitutional interpretation. While the author demonstrates an understanding of the teaching of the leading decisions, no fresh insights are suggested, though he does draw some analogies with Indian law.


A methodology is presented for optimization of transient thermal responses of an "Energy Optimized Aircraft" modeling and simulation environment. The increasing challenges of aircraft thermal management and complex systems integration require knowledge about transient thermal loads early in the design cycle. A previously developed "Tip-to-Tail" aircraft thermal model provides this capability, but it is difficult to efficiently optimize the aircraft design directly. A surrogate modeling approach is chosen based on its ability to rapidly predict subsystem temperatures over a mission. The aircraft thermal management system is then designed to minimize exceedance of the temperature limit. Nomenclature limit1 MSE = mean squared error of liquid-cooled avionics temperatures greater than or equal to the limit limit2 MSE = mean squared error of liquid-cooled avionics temperatures greater than the limit sp MSE = mean squared error of liquid-cooled avionics temperatures from the setpoint i T


The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of school climate, including disciplinary climate, academic press, and parental involvement, on behaviors of cyberbullying by victims and perpetrators. The literature on cyberbullying has shown that victims who experience cyberbullying suffer many negative consequences, such as depression, sadness, anger, and even thoughts of suicide. Although cyberbullying has emerged as a new form of bullying with the more frequent use of technology, it has many characteristics in common with traditional in-school bullying. A questionnaire administered to volunteer students contributed to the findings of this study. Cross tabulation analysis was performed to examine response rates to address research questions. The findings and conclusion supports the notion that cyberbullying is a new threat to the safety and security of our students that reaches past the school wall and to the virtual community.


Omics technologies are generating complex molecular datasets that are exponentially increasing the cancer knowledge base and opening up new therapeutic possibilities. However, current approaches to analysing such data are often confined to statistical and pattern recognition techniques, or at best modelling of a single cellular signalling pathway, rather than the complex cross-talks of pathways that determine cancer onset and progression and response to therapy. New solutions to optimally exploit this wealth of data for basic research, better treatment and stratification of patients, as well as more efficient targeted drug development are required. CanPathPro (www.canpathpro.eu), an EU Horizon 2020 project, is addressing the challenge of predictive modelling of biological data by developing and refining bioinformatic and experimental tools for the evaluation and control of systems biology modelling predictions. Components comprise highly defined mouse and organotypic experimental systems, next-generation sequencing, SWATH-based proteomics and a systems biology computational model for data integration, visualisation and predictive modelling. Within CanPathPro, genetically engineered mouse models are used to follow the temporal changes occurring during cancer development, including the histology of the tumour, the genome and transcriptome using next-generation sequencing and the (phospho-)proteome using SWATH technology. The systems biology computational model is optimised in an iterative fashion through perturbation experiments of tumor-tissue-derived cell lines and organoids, permitting the validation of pathway and parameter information. In this way, CanPathPro takes a unique approach combining classic cancer research with omics data and systems biology tools, to develop and validate a new biotechnological application: a combined systems and experimental biology platform for generating and testing cancer signalling hypotheses in biomedical research. The CanPathPro-generated platform will enable in silico identification of cancer signalling networks critical for tumour development and will allow users to predict activation status of individual pathways, following integration of user (or public) data sets in the pathway models. The innovative approach taken by CanPathPro is set to have broad and significant impact on diverse areas, from cancer research and personalised medicine to drug discovery and development, and ultimately improving outcomes for cancer patients. Citation Format: Christoph Wierling, Yann Herault, Jos Jonkers, Aspasia Ploubidou, Lucien Frappart, Jan Hasenauer, Julio Banga, Oliver Rinner, Valeriya Naumova, David Koubi, Bodo Lange. CanPathPro—development of a platform for predictive pathway modelling using genetically engineered mouse models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1296.


The object of this research programme conducted by bast (Federal German Department of Highways) is to evaluate those acts of police supervision which - under existing restrictions in combination with other relevant measures of a different type - influence most effectively the behaviour of road users. Based on the problems listed, the research consists of a series of separate projects; the results of which are used successively to build up a conclusion. The research considers behavioural variations and the necessity resulting from these for a systematic combination of police measures which are repressive, positively asserting and opinion forming. The projects can be roughly arranged into the following research phases: (1) a survey of police surveillance ability and the pursuit of penalties having further consequences. (2) the planning of operations and the exemplorary implementation and control of surveillance actions. (3) the assessment of the effectiveness of police measures. Summarising it is established that on the one hand opposition to rules and hence a conflict of personal roles greatly opposes behaviour trends which leads to safety in traffic and, on the other hand, the low level of legal binding force of the traffic regulations likewise results in a relatively high willingness to contravene traffic regulations in critical situations. The results indicate that in accordance with theoretical understanding of behaviour, adherance to the rules is easier to attain if, not only wrong behaviour is negatively sanctioned, but also if required behaviour patterns undergo a positive encouragement. Within the framework of public participation work improved teaching of the relationship between correct behaviour and traffic safety should be made more effective in future, to provide insight into the necessity of driving to the rules. Finally it is pointed out that the effectiveness of police supervision of road safety education, driver training, advanced training and information campaigns can influence the orientation of values, attitude and behaviour of road users. /TRRL/


ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Waste generated by the distillery industry is a major ecological concern and disposal
thereof without a suitable treatment can have damaging effects on the environment. The
characteristics of this type of wastewater are highly variable and dependent on the raw
material used and production process followed. Grain distillery wastewater (GDWW) is
also rich in fats, oils and grease (FOG). Successful treatments of distillery wastewater and
GDWW have been reported using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor
technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of lab-scale UASB reactor
to treat FOG-reduced GDWW and the subsequent enhancement thereof following an
unique feeding strategy approach. Firstly, a coagulation/flocculation-centrifugation step
was developed to obtain FOG-reduced GDWW. Secondly, the efficiency of a lab-scale
UASB reactor was investigated treating FOG-reduced GDWW at pre-determined
operational parameters as well as the verification of biomass acclimatisation. Lastly, the
effect of a unique feeding strategy of FOG-reduced GDWW to lab-scale UASB reactor
granules was investigated in terms of COD, FOG-reduction and biomass acclimatisation.
It was found that a coagulation/flocculation-centrifugation treatment removed
sufficient amounts of FOG and TSS from GDWW. Different commercially available
coagulation/flocculation products were evaluated whilst used in combination with a
centrifugation step for improved sedimentation and separation. The FOG removal remained between 90 and 97% for the ferric chloride (FeCl3) and Ferrifloc 1820
treatments, respectively, whereas the TSS removal ranged between 56 and 93%,
respectively. The use of a high molecular weight polymer (Ultrafloc 5000) and an
aluminium chlorohydrate (Ultrafloc 3800) proved to be less effective in terms of FOG
removal efficiency, ranging from 72 to 86%. It was decided to pre-treat GDWW with FeCl3
in combination with centrifugation to obtain FOG-reduced GDWW for subsequent UASB
reactor treatment investigations.
The FOG-reduced GDWW was fed into a laboratory-scale UASB reactor (2 L) over
a period of 331 days. During the operational period different feeding parameters were
attained to establish the ability of the UASB reactor to efficiently treat FOG-reduced
GDWW. The COD removal increased from 60 to 85% at an organic loading rate (OLR) of
ca. 5.5 kgCOD.m-3.d-1 (pH = 7.5) whilst FOG removal remained between 45 and 70%.
COD removal increased to 90% with the attainment of an OLR of ca.10 kgCOD.m-3.d-1
(pH = 7.5) whereas FOG removal remained in the region of 55 and 65%. COD and FOG
removal remained above 85% and 50%, respectively, when substrate pH was decreased to 6.50 (OLR ca. 10 kgCOD.m-3.d-1). A granule activity test was performed on seed and
FOG-reduced GDWW fed granules to determine biomass acclimatisation. FOG-reduced
GDWW fed granules showed higher activity in terms of methane production rate and
cumulative methane production suggesting biomass acclimatisation.
The…


Conceptual generation is a key point and basic problem in artificial intelligence, which has been probed in the Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) established by G. Wille. Factors Space (FS) is also a branch of cognition math initiated by P.Z. Wang at the end of last century, which has been applied in information processing with fuzzy concepts effectively. This paper briefly introduces the historic background of FS and its relationship with FCA. FS can be seen as a good partner of FCA on conceptual description and structure extraction; combining FCA with FS, we can get more clear and simple statements and more fast algorithms on conceptual generation.


ABSTRACT:Since 1994, and across four volumes of poetry, several chapbooks, and one stunning piece of narrative nonfiction, C.S. Giscombe has recurrently and powerfully represented the ways that race, class, gender, and sexuality rise from and converge in specific locations. This essay considers what Giscombe has to offer American cultural studies and in particular what his poetry has to teach us about the interpenetration of locality and racial consciousness. Using the theories of Doreen Massey, the essay argues that race is represented as a spatio-temporal phenomenon in Giscombe's restless verse. In thinking and writing race in this way, Giscombe picks up a red thread of North American poetry that has consistently and productively thought about race relations not just in terms of historical "progress" but also as a function of where those race relations take place. Giscombe's poetics of "situation(s), reference, notation, placement" are particularly urgent in a moment in which the relations between race and place in North America have never been more fraught.


Gunung Sugih District is one of the agencies engaged in public services related to population or other data. Each agency must be managed properly, so that it needs to be supported by competent civil servants in the field of work so that they can carry out their duties to the fullest. Keywords: compensation structure, work motivation, employee performance


Objective: To study the influence of atorvastatin calcium on blood lipids and carotid artery intima-media thickness(cal MT) in patients with no arteriosclerosis of primary hypertension. Methods: Selected 100 cases of patients with no arteriosclerosis of essential hypertension who were treated in our hospital from July 2013 to July 2014, they were divided into study group and control group with 50 patients in each group according to the random number table method, control group was treated with conventional therapy,while the study group was added the atorvastatin calcium on the basis of control group therapy, the course of treatment in two groups was6 months. Compared blood lipids, blood pressure and cal MT in two groups before and after treatment. Results: Total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) of study group after treatment were significantly reduced, while their high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was significantly increased, which were significantly better than control group after treatment,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05); The blood pressure of two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, the differences were statistically significant(P0.05), and the study group was significantly better than the control group after treatment, the difference was statistically significant(P0.05); Cal MT of study group after treatment was significantly better than before treatment, and better than control group after treatment, the differences were statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion: Atorvastatin calcium can significantly improve the blood lipids and reduce the cal MT in treating no arteriosclerosis of essential hypertension, which has an important significance in the prevention of atherosclerosis.


The generation mechanism of stress induced leakage current (SILC) in flash memory cell is studied by experiments. The result shows that the reliability problem under low electronic field stress is mainly caused by carriers charging and discharging inside the oxide, while under high electronic field, the trap-assisted tunneling and positive charge assisted tunneling induced charge variation of floating-gate is the major cause of flash memory cell failure. For both high and low electronic field stresses, the transient current and the steady-state current in SILC are calculated, respectively.


The effect of optical loss in bent waveguide, change of fiber transverse section and index distribute on transmission of bent long-period fiber grating (LPFG) are discussed in this paper. The transmission of LPFG is analyzed by the means of equalizing the bent LPFG to a tilted quadric chirp LPFG. The approximate formula of period and chirp factor of effective grating is obtained. The transmission with different bent LPFG is numerically calculated by the transfer matrix method.


The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a geophysical investigation at a site in Norwalk, Connecticut where solvents have contaminated a fractured-rock aquifer. Borehole, borehole-toborehole, and surface geophysical methods were used to characterize the bedrock fractures, lithologic structure, and transmissive zone hydraulic properties in 11 boreholes and their vicinity. The geophysical methods included conventional logs, borehole imagery, borehole radar, flowmeter, and azimuthal square-array dc resistivity soundings. Integrated interpretation of geophysical logs at borehole and borehole-to-borehole scales indicates that the bedrock foliation strikes northwest, dips northeast, and strikes north-northeast to northeast, dips both southeast and northwest. Although steeply dipping fractures that cross-cut foliation are observed, most fractures are parallel or sub-parallel to foliation. Steeply dipping reflectors observed in the radar reflection data from three boreholes near the main facility building delineate a north-northeast trending feature. Results of radar tomography conducted close to a suspected contaminant source area indicate that a zone of low velocity and high attenuation exists above 50 feet in depth the region containing the highest density of fractures. Flowmeter logging was used to estimate hydraulic properties in each of the boreholes. Thirty-three transmissive zones were identified in 10 of the boreholes. The vertical separation of the transmissive zones in a borehole typically is 10 to 20 feet. Open-hole and discrete-zone transmissivity was estimated from flowmeter data acquired under ambient and pumping conditions. The open-hole transmissivity ranges from 2 to 86 feet squared per day (ft/d). The estimated transmissivity of individual transmissive zones ranges from 0.5 to 70 ft/d. Draw down monitoring in nearby boreholes under pumping conditions identified hydraulic connections along a northeast-southwest trend between boreholes as far as 560 feet apart. The vertical distributions of open fractures can be described by power law functions, which suggest that the fracture network contains transmissive zones consisting of closely spaced fractures surrounded by a less fractured and much less permeable rock mass. Introduction The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology and National Research Programs have been conducting multi-disciplinary investigations at the Mirror Lake fractured-rock field-research site near Thornton, New Hampshire (NH), since 1990. The investigations, conducted over scales ranging from feet to miles, have tested, developed, and integrated geologic, hydrologic, geophysical, geochemical, and biological methods to characterize fluid movement and chemical transport in fractured rocks (Shapiro and others, 1995; Shapiro and Hseih, 1996). One result of this


The thruster fault-tolerant approach for underwater vehicles is presented by using the condition constraint GA(Genetic Algorithm).The corresponding fault weighting matrix is developed for faulty situations,and the control matrix is reconstructed by using the faults of the thruster detected and the GA.Comparing with the method of the weighted pseudo-inverse,the proposed approach does not need truncation or scaling to ensure the feasibility of the solution.Both the magnitude error and direction error of the obtained control input vector using GA are equal to zero.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme based on GA is effective.


4,5-Dimethyl-2-bromophosphinine reacts with [Ru(η5-C5Me5)(η4-C6H10)Cl], in the presence of AgBF4, to afford depending on the reaction conditions complexes resulting from the substitution of the chloride or the diene ligand. Under the same experimental conditions, reactions with the more sterically hindered 2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphinines yield the sandwich [Ru(η5-C5Me5)(η6-phosphinine)][BF4] cationic complexes.


The study is devoted to the mathematical description of the process of oil outflow in places of leakage of the tubing string, which allows a computer to locate a leakage in the tubing.
The authors propose methodology for identifying defects in the tubing and determining the location of the leak. The uniqueness of this methodology lies in quick determination of the place of leakage without the use of specialists, sophisticated and specialized equipment.
Mathematical modeling of oil flow in the tubing requires the apparatus of continuum mechanics. It is a general belief that the movement of oil in the pipe flows at low speeds due to its outflow from the hole. Using the general equations of mass and energy balance, the authors have obtained differential equations of fluid motion in a vertical pipe in the process of its outflow from the tubing and in the process of injection. Analytical expressions are the solution to these equations, as they can help in estimating the degree of damage and its location, as well as the feasibility of its eliminating.
The results show that an increase in the leakage and injection times leads to improving accuracy of locating damage. Thus, when conducting various geological and technical measures (GTM) at the well, it is possible to assess the presence of leakage and its intensity when deciding on the repair of tubing.


Sheep's milk ice creams with a range of protein and fat contents were produced on a pilot scale and subjected preference testing. Preference scores correlated well with protein content over the range 4.4-5.9%. In one series of samples there appeared to be a correlation between fat content and preference, but overall the relationship was not significant


Abstract Melbourne Water has recently introduced a Stormwater Quality Offsets Strategy to mitigate pollution impacts of urban development. Nitrogen has been established as the offset currency and a price has been determined based on the cost of constructing regional wetlands. When a plan of subdivision is referred to Melbourne Water the developer has the option of meeting best practice objectives for nitrogen (45% reduction in typical annual load) within the development or paying an offset to Melbourne Water. The strategy addresses previous inconsistent application of stormwater quality standards and provides a mechanism to reward developers who have been implementing Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD).


The Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the world's most important crops, its seeds are used both as food and for the extraction of oil to manufacture biodiesel. The Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a pathogenic RNA virus of plants. The RNA interference is a system of RNA silencing present in most eukaryotes in which precursors of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) are processed into small RNAs (sRNAs) of 21-24 nucleotides (nt), which can regulate the activity of genes, genetic elements and virus in a sequence-specific manner. The integration of DNA virus and retrovirus into the host genome is well known both for prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The integration of non-retroviral RNA virus (NIRVs) in mammals was previously observed, but the present work is the first to demonstrate such an event in a plant genome. The sequences of the sRNAs ranging from 19 to 24 nt, in 15 libraries of sRNAs sequenced from samples of soybean tissues, were assembled in contigs by the program SOAP, with some preentering sequence homology to the RNA 1 of CMV. By de novo assembling of these contigs it was obtained a sequence of 3,092 nt of the CMV RNA 1, present in all libraries surveyed in at least five different varieties of soybeans. The presence of this sequence was confirmed by PCR in seven other cultivars, but in "Williams". We observed a greater presence of sRNAs derived from CMV of sense orientation than antisense in the 15 libraries sequenced. The 22-nt sRNAs were the most abundant. For the Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), present in one of the libraries, the 21 and 22 nt sRNAs were represented by around 80% of all sRNAs. The sRNAs were found varying under biotic stress (Phakospora pachyrhizi) and abiotic (drought) and among different cultivars. RNA 1 expression increased in plants under stress. Probably the integration event occurred via recombination of a retrotransposon.


.fractional conversion of me'tbaccylic acid, with . catalyst concentration, mole rat~o ·(glycol t~ methacry:~c acid) and temperature is presented ~or 'tri-ethylene glycol-methaccylic acid · rea~tion system usmg methane sulpl!onic acid and · sulphuric acid as homogenous ~talyst. · The esters of triethylene glycol and methacrylic acid are commercially important compounds. However, a survey of the literature 1 - 8 available reveals that the studies on the kinetics of the system triethylene glycol-methacrylic acid are very scanty. It was, therefore, aimed to study the kinetics of the system. The reaction was studied in a batch reactor. The effect of temperature (T) , mole ratio (glycol/acid) (B) and catalyst concentration (Qc) on the conversion of the acid has been investigated. Comparative performance of methane sulphonic acid and sulphuric acid catalyst for kinetics study is also investigated. In each case, it was found that the conversion increased with the increase in temperature, mole ratio and the catalyst concentration. Experimental procedure Materials The following chemicals were used during the investigation: Methacrylic acid, Assay 99% (E Merck, Germany); Methane sulphonic acid, Assay 98% (SD Fine Chemical, Mumbai); Sulphuric acid, Assay 98%, Hydroquione, Assay 99% (Qualig'-!ns Fine Chemicals, Mumbai) and Tri-ethylene glycol, assay 97% (Fluka).


Abstract #66 LIBERATE, a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind trial studied the effect of tibolone (Livial), a tissue selective hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on breast cancer (BC) recurrence, aiming to demonstrate non-inferiority of treatment compared to placebo. In the LIFT trial of osteoporotic women, tibolone prevented BC development.
 Design and Method: Women with surgically treated BC (T1-3, N0-2, M0) within the last 5 years complaining of vasomotor symptoms, were randomly assigned to tibolone 2.5mg daily or placebo treatment for a maximum of 5 years. Adequate sample size was estimated to be >1500 in each arm. A bone mineral density (BMD) sub-study of 724 patients (454 Caucasian; 270 Asian) was enrolled utilizing DXA scanning at baseline and 2 years.
 Results: Between 2002 and 2004, 3,148 women were randomized in 31 countries; 1579 to tibolone and 1569 to placebo. Mean age at randomization was 52.7 years (28.0-75.0) and mean time since surgery was 2.1 years. In total 58% of women recruited were node positive and 78% ER positive. The trial closed prematurely in July 2007, with a median follow-up of 3.1 years (0.01-4.99) per patient, because an increased risk of BC recurrence occurred on tibolone HR 1.40 (1.14-1.70; p Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 66.


E-mail communication is fraught with problems of inaccurate encoding and decoding of information due to the relative lack of emotional cues. In our experiment, we investigated whether having e-mail senders rate the intended friendliness levels of their own messages before they write them would make them generate replies that were indeed friendlier. This manipulation was intended to make the senders more aware of their decision to write friendly or unfriendly e-mail messages and subsequently compel them to follow through with their friendly intention, or to make them question their decision to be unfriendly. However, our results show no significant main effect of our manipulation. Instead, the tone of the original e-mail stimulus and the context surrounding the e-mail message were much stronger influences in determining the friendliness of the e-mail reply that people generate.


which is greater by one order of magnitude than that reported for polypyrole nanoparticles. Temperature behaviour of conductivity in all the samples revealed semiconducting nature. By applying Mott's theory of small polaron hopping, activation energy for conductivity at high temperature has been determined. Activation energy is found to be increasing with increase in copper content in the composites. Using data deviated from small polaron model, the density of states at Fermi level is calculated by employing the theory of variable range hopping of polarons due to Mott. It is for the first time that PPy-Cu nanocomposites have been probed for structural and temperature dependence of conductivity and conduction mechanisms operated in these composites in different temperature regions have been understood.


Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials are currently the focus of intense scientific interest due to their potential application in drug and gene delivery research. However, the emerging field of nanotoxicology requires the development of new and more sensitive methodologies to follow the in vivo delivery kinetics as well as the persistence and bioaccumulation of the LDH carriers subsequent to delivery of the payload to the target area. Radioisotopic labeling offers very high detection sensitivity (<10−14 moles) and straightforward quantitation with respect to other labeling techniques. We have shown that incorporation of naturally occurring Co2+ and Ga3+ cations into the LDH structure has a negligible effect on the physiochemical properties of the pristine nanoparticles. Radiolabeling through dual isomorphous substitution of 57Co2+ and 67Ga3+ into the LDH structure offers the utility to accurately track and also follow the structural dissolution of these nanomaterials over a range of biologically r...


Abstract — Highly ordered, self-organized TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TNA) have been successfully prepared by anodization of titanium foil in ethylene glycol electrolyte containing 0.01% ammonium fluoride (NH4F). The effect of variation of applied anodization voltage ranging from 50V to 57 V on the morphology of the TNA has been studied using field emission scanning electron microscope. The increase in applied voltage enhances average pore size from 34nm to 58nm and reduces wall thickness. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been used to evaluate the amount of dye absorption on the surface of various TNA which reveals direct correlation between the dye absorption and the morphology of the sample. Index Terms — Titanium dioxide, Dye-sensitized solar cell, anodization I. I NTRODUCTION In the recent years, vertically oriented, highly ordered titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanotube array, prepared by anodization of titanium, and has attracted huge attention [1]-[5]. Highly ordered vertically oriented nanotube architecture of high surface to volume ratio exhibit unique properties. Nanotube offers a larger interfacial area due to their external and internal surfaces, which make them suitable for applications in dye-sensitized solar cells [6]. It also provides excellent electron pathways for charge transfer between interfaces. TiO


Context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is needed in the present days for high speed H.264/AVC decoder. The high speed is achieved by decoding one symbol per clock cycle using parallelism and pipelining techniques. In this paper we present an innovative hardware implementation of the renormalization which is a part of CABAC binary arithmetic decoder. The renormalization of range and value is specified as a sequential loop process that shifts only one bit per cycle until the range and value are renormalized. To speed up this process, a special hardware technique is used. The hardware will take one clock cycle to shift n bit data. The proposed hardware is coded using HDL language and synthesized using Xilinx CAD tool.


(57) Abstract: alexandrite laser length pulses for treating specimen on dermatological is disclosed. By using alexandrite, infrared proximity, and in particular it can oscillate in the range of 50nm near 755 nm. By infrared this range, yet our tolerance percentage, such hemoglobin absorption as compared to melanin absorption, it is possible to better penetration. In oscillation, the laser is not duration and 10 of 5 to 100m sec to generate a pulse having a fluence of 50 J / cm Optical transmission apparatus for transmitting a target of dermatological patients laser light output pulse is provided. The present invention also shows epilation device. Here, it is desirable to use a refractive index matching (index-matching) applied to the skin portion to be treated, visual indicating agent, the reaction product of heat or light, or laser light pulses for generating a visible change it is other reactants for. Thus, the operator can see already processed traces in the portion of the skin. Finally, the present invention shows a curing treatment, a light treatment methods, the binding of unwanted kits for intravenous. By placing the 12 hours to downtime 6 months between the treatment and the cure treatment based on light, success was sufficiently increased in the range of 90% to 100% have been achieved. Preferably, based on the light treatment is carried out before the curing treatment. However, after pause time, by hardening treatment subsequent to treatment based on light is performed, success is achieved.


Cheese is a dairy product obtained by processing milk. Cheese making begins with the processing of milk. Next, the milk is fermented and coagulated. The clot is separated from the liquid part and shaped and matured by various methods. Cheese can have different tastes, textures, smells, and appearances. Some cheeses are salty, some are bitter, and some are sweet. Cheeses are also rich in protein, calcium, and other nutrients. There are many traditional cheese varieties in Turkey. Traditional products reflect the culture of that region by identifying with the geography where they emerged. Nowadays, it is seen that traditional products are being forgotten due to reasons such as developing technology and the intensity of business life. Traditional products must be registered with a geographical indication in order to transfer them to future generations. Geographical indication product is a system that secures the producer and the consumer. Ayrancı Berendi Snow Pit Cheese, which is produced by the local people with traditional methods in the Karaman Ayrancı district, is a product that should be evaluated as a candidate for geographical indication. This research was carried out in order to determine the production method and distinctive features of Ayrancı Berendi Snow Pit Cheese and to evaluate it within the scope of geographical indication. The qualitative research method was preferred in the study. Face-to-face interviews were held with people who produce Berendi Snow Pit Cheese in Ayrancı district and villages of Karaman province. Research data were evaluated using the descriptive analysis method. At the end of the research; It has been determined that Ayrancı Berendi Snow Pit Cheese has been produced by the local people for a long time with traditional methods, sheep's milk is used in its production, the cheese has a unique mold flora, and is matured in the Berendi Snow Pit. The cheese appears to be snow whitish and reddish in color with the effect of the cave.


In neurobiological research it is common to identify effects for a certain population of individuals, thereby averaging across participants. Thus, the goal of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis typically is to test whether an average task-induced change in the blood oxygen


During refurbishing apartment buildings thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) are often installed in front of each radiator to maximize energy saving. However, inhabitants often do not know how to use TRVs and in order to motivate them to learn it, heat allocation systems are used. These systems motivate people to lower indoor air temperature in their apartment, but this increases the heat consumption of the surrounding apartments. This article studies how much changing indoor temperature in an apartment causes heating consumption fluctuations in adjacent apartments and also how much the temperature drops in an apartment if the TRVs are shut off. The analysis has been done with building simulations for one not refurbished and two refurbished cases. The results show that an unheated apartment located in the middle of a building may increase the heat consumption of the adjacent apartments as much as 20%. Only in case of a not refurbished building the temperature drops as low as +14.1 °C and is lower than +18 °C for 3400 hours per year. If an apartment building has been refurbished, the temperature in the apartment analyzed does not drop significantly below +18 °C. It was also concluded that the drop in the total heat consumption of an apartment building is significantly lower than the drop in the heating energy consumption of a single unheated apartment. Key-Words: Energy efficiency, static heat flows, heat consumption, indoor climate, thermostatic radiator


The Regulatory Focus Theory maintains that people may focus on achieving positive outcomes (have a promotion focus) or avoiding negative ones (have a prevention focus) when they pursue their goals. Under a promotion focus, people would formulate as many strategies as possible to attain their goal, and hence be fluent in idea generation when they perform a creative task. In contrast, people under a prevention focus would seek to avoid the negative consequences of failing to attain a valued goal, and persist even when the likelihood of success in a creativity situation is small. We tested these predictions in a study, where regulatory focus was measured as an individual differences variable (Part 1) and induced by a goal framing manipulation (Part 2). The results supported our predictions, and suggested that creative accomplishment requires flexible alternation of regulatory foci at the different stages of creative undertakings.


The invention discloses a sideslip turning control method for an aircraft. Aiming at the aircraft which is severe in manipulative coupling or aerodynamic coupling of pitching caused by a sideslip angle, the method comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating the controllability-stability ratio of the aerodynamic coupling by considering three-channel manipulative coupling and aerodynamic coupling of the pitching caused by an aerodynamic rudder to in a given flight state; secondly, designing an optimal sideslip angle instruction tolerance range according to the available rudder bias size of the aerodynamic rudder and the controllability-stability ratio of the aerodynamic coupling; finally, generating a sideslip turning maneuvering control instruction in the optimal sideslip angle instruction tolerance range. Compared with a conventional method, the sideslip turning control method has the advantage that the risk of the obtained sideslip turning maneuvering control instruction is small. Under the condition that the sideslip angle instruction tolerance range obtained through the conventional method is smaller than the sideslip angle instruction tolerance range obtained through the sideslip turning control method, the sideslip turning maneuvering control instruction obtained through the sideslip turning control method can fully utilize the controllability of the aircraft. Therefore, compared with the conventional method, the sideslip turning control method has the advantage that the accuracy and the safety of the sideslip turning control of the aircraft are improved.


A new method was presented for synthesis of infrared images of complicated terrain background and an image segmentation model was established based on the theory of Markov random field. By taking the effects of ambient and meteorological factors into account, the infrared features of different terrain scenes were simulated and calculated. The segmented visible pictures and the calculated values of the infrared features were synthesized by assigning the different gray scales to the pixels of the corresponding regions of the segmented pictures in order to obtain the infrared images of the complicated terrain scenes.


Contemporary Islamic legal studies – both inside and outside the Muslim world – commonly relies upon a secular distortion of law. In this article, I use translation as a metonym for secular transformations and, accordingly, I will demonstrate how secular ideology translates the Islamic tradition. A secular translation converts the Islamic tradition into "religion" (the non-secular) and Islamic law into "sharia" – a term intended to represent the English mispronunciation of the Arabic word شريعة (sharīʿah). I explore the differences between historical Islamic terms and secular terms in order to demonstrate that coloniality generates religion and religious law; in turn, these two notions convert شريعة (sharīʿah) into "sharia" in both Arabic and non-Arabic languages. Consequently, the notion of "sharia" is part of a colonial system of meaning.


Transfemoral balloon angioplasty of native aortic coarctation was initially not feasible in two patients, because of inability to cannulate the femoral artery percutaneously in one, and to cross the coarctation in the other. The percutaneous brachial approach helped overcome both these problems, after which utilization of intravascular snares allowed successful transfemoral completion of angioplasty.


There is an unmistakable actual trend to computerize more and more everyday activities in human society. AI tools, decision making and machine learning are some of the used technologies. In this paper we analyses how conventional modelling of database applications must evolve to meet these requirements. Adequate structural things and happenings are considered and, for each concept, adequate rules must be determined to ensure the integrity of the whole system. Especially the requirements of complex active and reactive systems, such as autonomy, space and time aspects as well as inaccurate information, must be taken into account.


This article describes a four-week congressional committee simulation implemented in upper level courses on Congress and the Legislative process at two liberal arts colleges. We find that the students participating in the simulation possessed high levels of political knowledge and confidence in their political skills prior to the simulation. An analysis of pre- and posttest surveys indicates that students experienced significant increases in their self-assessed understanding of the political process, the ability to persuade others to support political positions, and the ability to work with diverse groups to accomplish political goals. Additionally, students without prior internship experience reported notable and statistically significant gains in self-assessed political skills and efficacy. These findings suggest that, for students who cannot participate in an internship, participating in a simulation may generate many of the same benefits.


We report the development of an algorithm for the retrieval of Total Column Water Vapor (TCWV) from blue 12 spectra obtained by satellite instruments such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The algorithm is implemented in 13 an automatic processing pipeline and will be used to generate a long-term data record as part of a MEaSUREs project. 14 TCWV is calculated as the ratio between the Slant Column Density (SCD) and Air Mass Factor (AMF). Both these factors 15 are improved upon previous work by incorporating more constraints or physical processes. For the SCD, we have 16 optimized the retrieval window to 432 – 466 nm, performed a temperature correction, and employed a new stripe-removal 17 post-processing routine. The use of OMI collection 4 spectra reduces the SCD fitting uncertainty by ~9% with respect to 18 collection 3. For the AMF, we perform on-line radiative transfer using VLIDORT. Over land surfaces, we use bi19 directional reflectances based on MODIS products. Over the oceans, we consider surface roughness and water-leaving 20 radiance, and we find that water-leaving radiance is important for avoiding large TCWV biases over the oceans. 21 Under relatively clear conditions, the MEaSUREs OMI data are well correlated with the reference datasets, having 22 correlation coefficients of r ~0.9. Over the oceans, MEaSUREs-AMSR_E has an overall mean (median) of ~ 1 mm (0.6 23 mm) with a standard deviation of σ ~6.5 mm, though large systematic differences in certain regions are also found. Over 24 land surfaces, MEaSUREs-GPS has an overall mean (median) of -0.7 mm (-0.8 mm) with σ ~5.7 mm. Even a small amount 25 of cloud can introduce large bias and scatter; thus, without further correction, strict data filtering criteria are required. 26 However, the MEaSUREs TCWV data can be corrected through machine learning when accurate measurements are 27 abundant. In this regard, under all-sky conditions, the mean bias of MEaSUREs over the oceans reduces from 4.5 mm 28 (without correction) to -0.3 mm (with correction using LightGBM models), and the standard deviation decreases from 11.8 29 mm to 3.8 mm. We also examined the representation error of the GPS stations using the dense GEONET data. The within30 pixel variance of TCWV varies with grid size following a power law dependence. At 0.25°×0.25° resolution, the derived 31 representation error is about 1.4 mm. 32


Malignant otitis externa is an infection of the external ear which presents with granulation tissue in the external ear canal and necrosis of the cartilage or bone of the meatus. The granulomatous condition may then spread to the base of the skull. This condition typically seen in elderly diabetic patients or other immunocopromised patients. Patients may present with otalgia, otorrhea with granulation tissue in the external ear and involvement of the lower cranial nerves. P. aeruginosa is the most pathogen involved. Imaging studies may include tehcnetium Tc 99m medronate bone scanning and gallium citrate Ga 67 scintigraphy. Therapy consists of medical and surgical therapy.


Language, Ethnography, and Education: Bridging New Literacy Studies and Bourdieu by Michael Grenfell, David Bloome, Cheryl Hardy, Kate Pahl, Jennifer Rowsell, & Brian Street, Routledge, 2012, 232 pp., ISBN 978-0-415-87249-2The study of literacy in education has shifted through the years from a behaviorist perspective that analyzed it as an object of study (which required the acquisition of certain skills) to a multimodal social practice (Street, 1984). This latter perspective is linked to an ideological model of literacy that is culturally sensitive and considers the context in which it takes place. Language, Ethnography, and Education offers such a perspective by combining the principles of ethnography, New Literacy Studies (NLS ), and Bourdieu's sociocultural theory. The authors of this book explored the emerging held of classroom language ethnography as a dialogue between theory and practice within a socioconstructivist framework based on rich traditions, but extending them to offer a robust "science of language in education" (p. 4).The book is divided into three sections: 1 ) Bridging New Literacy Studies and Bourdieu- Principles; 2) Language, ethnography, and education-Practical studies; and 3) Working at the intersections-In theory and practice. The first section takes naturalistic approaches to literacy to what the authors call the "next stage" (p. 5). In order to accomplish this goal, the book starts with an exploration of the relevance of ethnographic studies to understand the different nuances of language in educational contexts. It offers a detailed account of the theory and practice related to this research tradition and highlights the importance of contextualizing classroom ethnographies to their local and temporal realities. Next, it explains The New Literacy Studies (NLS) tradition, a research area that emerged in the 80s, which considers literacy as a social practice. This approach recognizes the fact that literacy happens in multiple ways that vary according to time and space and are contested in relations of power.Street, the author of this chapter, advocates for a disciplined and reflective ethnographic inquiry that systematically examines specific educational processes. Such an approach functions as the guiding perspective in NLS and helps us understand the literacy events and practices of those around us. The first section ends with a chapter that analyzes Pierre Bourdieu's perspectives on language and education, which becomes the third theoretical backbone of the book. Bourdieu's structural constructivism is analyzed through some of his major concepts such as habitus, field, and linguistic and cultural capital, making explicit the relationship between his intellectual goals and practical demands.The second section offers four practical studies, each located and affected by a unique sociocultural context. The authors of these studies drew from ideas and principles in the first section of the book-an ethnographic perspective, NLS, and Bourdieu. The projects focused on different forms of literacy in diverse contexts. Chapter 5 presents project LETTER (Learning for Empowerment Through Training in Ethnographic-style Research), an initiative that aimed to recognize the local literacy and numeracy practices of women in Delhi, India. By understanding the epistemologies on which their practices were grounded, the project intended to empower women and bring attention to the different ways in which power relations obscure non-Western conceptions of the world. Chapter 6 describes a two-year ethnographic study in an elementary classroom in the North of England. The author traced the depiction of the teacher's pedagogic habitus, which intended to promote creativity in her classroom. She focused on the literacy events and practices that took place in the classroom, especially the multimodal text productions of the children, which she described as ideologically situated. …


Systemic and ophthalmological diseases are on the rise the world over, which is, to a large extent, caused by life expectancy growth. Therefore, early diagnosis, screening and monitoringpossibilities of human health parameters is becoming more and more important. Contact lenses, due to being fitted on the eye's surface, are constantly wetted by tear fluid, and due to present-day microelectronics achievements may be used as a convenient technical means for locating a variety of sensors. The existing prototypes of electronic contact lenses (ECL) are able to monitor intraocular pressure (IOP), levels of glucose, hormones and other biomarkers that reflect the presence of ophthalmic and systemic diseases. The review discusses the publications focused on prototyping results and first laboratory tests. As of today, only one developed device is available for clinical practice (IOP monitoring), others are at different stages of research but have all potentials for being used widely.