Objective To analyze MSCT information based on the gastric cancer biological behavior using artificial neural networks(ANN) model,and to establish diagnostic model of lymph node metastases of gastric cancer.Methods Totally 175 consecutive patients with gastric cancer proved by postoperative pathology and underwent MSCT examination before surgery were included.No chemotherapy nor radiation therapy was performed before surgery.Distant metastasis was not found in the preoperative examination.All patients were divided into two groups according to the existence of lymph node metastasis on pathology.Some indicators of tumor,lymph node and clinical information which reflected the biological behavior of gastric cancer were evaluated.Artificial neural network(ANN) and logistic regression diagnostic models were established with the indicators which were significantly different between the two groups at the univariate analysis.Results There were 134 patients with lymph node metastases.Statistical differences were found in 8 indexes(serosal infiltration,tumor classification,maximum diameter,thickness,enhancement patterns,the number of lymph node,sub-station lymph nodes,maximum short diameter) between the two groups.Model was established based on the indexes.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of lymph node metastases with ANN was 90.30%(121/134),82.93%(34/41) and 88.57%(155/175),respectively,whereas of logistic regression model was 85.82%(115/134),70.73%(29/41) and 82.29%(144/175),respectively.Conclusion Based on biological behavior information of gastric cancer on MSCT,ANN model can help to diagnose lymph node metastases preoperatively.The efficacy of ANN is better than that of Logistic regression analysis.


can be obviated also by care. The projecting vulvar end has to be secured by a napkin or strings, and these sometimes chafe the external parts, especially with fat women. If the strings emploved be of the circular caoutchouc, but little tenderness occurs. Lastly, Dr. Evory Kennedy uses a sort of guttapercha speculum, with a prolongation superiorly and inferiorly to project into the posterior vaginal cul-desac, which he informed me in several cases of retroversion he had observed to be very deep. The whole success of his instrument depends upon this contingency, the before-named prolongation supporting the womi) in place when it has been reduced. The inferior vulvar portion is kept in place by a napkin. In one case where I saw it used, a cure resulted.


Objective To study on the distribution and drug resistance of the bacteria in patients with the nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in respiratory ward Methods The sputum's culture of the patients with the nosocomial LRTI in respiratory ward in 2001 was studied by MIC methods Results 118 strains were Isolated Most (66%) of which were Gram negative bacillus (GNB),Most of GNB were non fermenters The Gram positive bacteria (GPB) are all Staphylococcus,most (93%) of GPB were methicilin resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) The lower of drug resistance to GNB was Imipenem;Vancomycin was the lowest of drug resistance to GPB Conclusions The GNB was the major pathogens,Imipenem was the lowest of drug resistance;the Staphylococcus is the most common in the GPB,Vancomycin was the lowest of drug resistance


Abstract 3237 Poster Board III-174 Activating mutations of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) receptor occur in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and, at least for internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations, are associated with poor prognosis. We previously reported that FLT3/ITD mutations are associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which leads to increased DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and decreased repair fidelity, that may in part explain aggressive AML in FLT3/ITD patients. While the DNA-PK and Ku-dependent non homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is one of the main routes for repairing DSBs in normal mammalian cells, recent reports have suggested that an alternative and less well defined NHEJ pathway (Alt NHEJ) involving DNA ligase IIIαa and PARP1, characterized by DNA sequence microhomology at the repair junctions, may play a role in the generation of deletions and translocations that can lead to cancer progression. Here, we report that in hematopoetic progenitor cells expressing FLT3/ITD (Ba/F3/ITD), the frequency of errors and the size of deletions during DSB repair is increased compared with the Ba/F3 control cells. Moreover, these data are confirmed in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM MNCs) from FLT3/ITD "knock-in" mice, compared with WT control cells. Strikingly, we show that Ku proteins (Ku70 and Ku86), key components of the main NHEJ pathway, are down-regulated in FLT3/ITD-positive cell line and primary mouse BM MNCs. Concomitantly, DNA ligase IIIαa, a component of Alt NHEJ pathway is up-regulated in FLT3/ITD-expressing cells and plays a role in abnormal DSB repair. Importantly, after treatment with a FLT3 inhibitor, AML (MOLM-14, MV4-11) cells containing FLT3/ITD mutations demonstrate a reduction of misrepair and deletion size, and down-regulation of DNA ligase IIIαa, suggesting that FLT3 signaling regulates the pathways by which DSBs are repaired. Thus, therapy to inhibit FLT3/ITD may lead to repair that reduces repair errors and genomic instability. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The "Perko pair" knot 10161 = 10162 [R, p. 415; identification noted in second printing] is exceptional in at least two distinct ways. It first achieved its name and fame when Perko [P] discovered that the knot refutes a conjecture of Tait: it possesses two 10-crossing diagrams (the minimum possible) with distinct writhes. All previous knot tables of that depth had incorrectly listed the diagrams as representing distinct knots. The same knot refutes a much shorter-lived conjecture concerning one of the link polynomials discovered in the 1980s. Let Q(z) be the polynomial of Brandt, Lickorish, and Millett [BLM] and Ho [Ho]. Define anoverbridgein a link diagram to be a consecutive sequence of overcrossing segments, and define an underbridge (the natural word "tunnel" has a different meaning in low-dimensional topology) to be a consecutive sequence of undercrossing segments. A bridgeis the common term for both underand overbridges. Define the lengthof a bridge to be the number of segments overcrossed or undercrossed. Kidwell [K] proved that, if a knot has a diagram withc crossings and its longest (over or under-) bridge has length d, then degQ(z) ≤ c − d. (a)


A three-component planar Doppler velocimetry system was developed and used to make mean and instantaneous velocity measurements in a Mach 2 axisymmetric freejet. The mean measurements were in good agreement with reference laser Doppler velocimetry measurements taken in the same flowfield, whereas the instantaneous measurements were in fair agreement and indicated areas that required improvement. A detailed uncertainty analysis provided further insight into the performance of the planar Doppler velocimetry system. The calibration of the splitter/recombiner imaging system using flatfield images was improved. Speckle image noise was found to be the largest source of error affecting the turbulence results, and so digital filtering techniques were investigated and employed


Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration consists in injecting and storage the gas into a geologic formation as a means of mitigating the greenhouse effect. Among the storage sites, saline aquifers are very promising because of their large capacity and wide availability. In this work, we perform a sensitivity analysis on the response of a flow simulator to study the impact of capillary pressure in CO2 injection and storage. Capillary pressure is represented as a exponential function of CO2 saturation. The simultaneous flow of CO2 and brine in porous media is based on the well known Black-Oil formulation, applied to two-phase fluid flow. It considers that CO2 may dissolve in the brine but the brine is not allowed to vaporize into the CO2 phase. This formulation uses the PVT data as a simplified thermodynamic model. The numerical solution is obtained applying the public-domain software BOAST, which solves the differential equations by finite differences with the IMPES algorithm. Besides, we build a suitable geological model based on fractal porosity and clay content and taking into account the variation of properties with pore pressure and CO2 saturation. This model also includes embedded mudstone layers of very low permeability that accumulate CO2 but also allow its upward migration. Relative permeability and capillary pressure as functions of CO2 saturation are taken from published data, using the Leverett J-function to scale capillary pressure values. The numerical results show that the fluid simulator is able to represent the CO2 injection and storage. As injection proceeds, part of the injected fluid migrates upwards across the mudstone layers. The simulations are performed using different capillary pressure curves. When capillary pressure is higher, CO2 upward migration is slower and, consequently, different zones of accumulations below the layers and high CO2 saturations levels between layers are obtained. Thus, a precise estimation of the capillary pressure function is needed to perfom realistic long term predictions of the spatial-time CO2 distribution in the underground.


Manifestations of Clinical Disease. Therapeutic Considerations in Medicine. Infectious Diseases. Cancer. Eyes, Ears, Nose and Throat. The Nervous System. The Respiratory System. The Cardiovascular System. The Gastrointestinal System. The Reproductive System. The Urinary System. Diseases of Blood Cells, Lymph Nodes, And Spleen. The Immune System. Joint and Skeletal Disorders.


This paper proposes an active and reactive power control strategy based on predictive control approaches applied to gridconnected renewable energy systems. To accomplish this a multi-modular matrix converter topologies are used in combination with a simple but efficient grid synchronization strategy. The theoretical performance analysis is performed considering a six-phase wind energy generator system interconnected with the grid. Results based on a MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment are discussed and the most relevant characteristics of the proposed control technique are highlighted considering the total harmonic distortion and the mean squared error as a parameters of performance.


On the first of September 1626 La somme theologique des verites capitales de la religion chrestienne (1625) of Jesuit Francois Garasse (1584-1631) was condemned by Sorbonne, after a dispute between the author and Jean Duvergier de Hauranne (1581-1643). Jansenius' friend wrote a confutative work Somme des fautes (1626), composed of three books. However, only the first one was published before the condemnation. Did this book have an influence on this affaire? Which one? These are the questions this essay begins from. In this article there are both a reconstruction of the French polemical context of the Seventeenth Century - whose one of the protagonists was Garasse - and an analysis of the criticism addressed to the modern Pelagian opinion of Garasse in Somme des fautes and in Jansenius' Augustinus (1640). Indeed, this affaire also interests to Jansenius. In his Correspondence to Saint-Cyran it appears the expression affaire du Plagiaire in order to refer to the case of Garasse and the events of his writing's condemnation. The term 'Plagiaire' comes from the work Deffence pour Estienne Pasquier, vivant conseiller du Roy etc. contre les impostures et calomnies de Francois Garasse, written by his sons and Antoine Remy against Garasse. After an historical and introductive part, this essay addresses Jansenius' criticism to modem Pelagian Garasse contained in his opus magnum and in his letters. The aim of this work - which is particularly concerned with Augustinus - is to show how the criticism to the Pelagian opinion reveals a polemical target addressed not only to the ancient Pelagians, but to the modern ones too. May be the Lovanist (Jansenius) considered a new 'Augustine'?


Optimization of two-photon excited fluorescence for volumetric imaging Pubudu Thilanka Galwaduge Two-photon microscopy is often used in biological imaging due to its optical sectioning and depth penetration capabilities. These characteristics have made two-photon microscopy especially useful for neurobiological studies where imaging a volume at single cell resolution is typically required. This dissertation focuses on the optimization of two-photon excited fluorescence for volumetric imaging of biological samples, with special attention to imaging the mouse brain. Chapter 2 presents wavefront manipulation as a way of optimizing two-photon excited fluorescence. We show, through numerical simulations and experiments, that the magnitude of the two-photon fluorescence signal originating from cell-sized objects can be used as a metric of beam quality. We also show that the cranial window used in mouse experiment is a major source of aberrations, which can readily be represented in the Zernike basis. Finally, we implement a modal wavefront optimization scheme that optimizes the wavefront based entirely on the magnitude of the fluorescence. Along with this scheme, Zernike functions are found to be a useful basis for correcting aberrations encountered in mouse brain imaging while the Hadamard basis is found to be useful for scattering compensation. Corrections performed in mouse brain using Zernike functions are found to be useful over hundreds of microns, allowing a single correction to be applied to a whole volume. Finally, we show that the wavefront correction system can double as a wavefront encoding system for experiments that require custom point-spread-functions. Chapter 3 presents work that aims to significantly improve the volume imaging rate of two-photon microscopy. The imaging speed is improved by combining two-photon excitation with scanning confocally-aligned planar excitation microscopy (SCAPE). Numerical simulations, analytical arguments, and experiments reveal that the standard method of combining nano-joule pulses with 80 MHz repetition rates is inadequate for two-photon light-sheet excitation. We use numerical simulations and experiments to explore the possibility of achieving fast volumetric imaging using axial line and sheet excitation. Given that two-photon excitation requires high photon-fluxdensities near the focus, achieving high enough fluorescence has to be balanced with restrictions placed by saturation, photodamage, photobleaching and sample heating effects. Finally, we experimentally study light sheet excitation at various pulse repetition rates with femtosecond pulses and find that repetition rates near 100 kHz allow imaging of nonbiological samples of ~200x300x300 volume at 20 volumes per second while balancing the above constraints. This work paves the way for achieving fast, volumetric two-photon imaging of the mouse brain.


Abstract: Jeff Gundy's poetry meditates upon the difficult task of moving from a modern notion of ethics and morality to a postmodern perspective. As a Mennonite poet, it should be no surprise that such a radical shift is rooted in a poetry of the particular, of the mundane and ecstatic, of the spiritual and physical. While postmodern theory tends to frustrate our very natural and very real desire for clarity and order, Gundy's poems expose the artifice of clarity created by such systems of knowing, while at the same time they celebrate the messy but beautiful worlds of human relationships that in special moments slip outside the boundaries of our ways of knowing but not feeling. ********** In A Primer to Postmodernity (1997), Joseph Natoli contends that "postmodernity has questioned the authorizing and legitimizing of both faith and reason, opting for the view that both offer stories of reality, none of which can validate a precise correspondence between themselves and what may actually be going on in reality." (1) As an artist who lives within a Mennonite community while at the same time lurking upon its borders, Jeff Gundy's own approach to faith and poetry can be seen as analogous to postmodernity's uncertain and, at times, precarious relationship with faith and reason. While postmodernity clearly questions the ultimate authority and legitimacy of faith and reason--recognizing the power that resides in their stories but contending that neither can conclusively demonstrate an absolute knowledge--postmodern dogma cannot deny that many who dwell in the contemporary landscape continue to use both epistemological forms to help guide their way in daily living. It appears that many choose by default a middle ground between faith and reason where neither the modern nor the postmodern rules, and the fact that neither faith nor reason may be conclusively proved or disproved causes little consternation in the general populous. More to the point, postmodernism's own dogmatic assertion that we cannot know "reality" in any absolute manner--a position hard to dismiss--does not then acknowledge or highlight in the same fashion the fact that all of our endless negotiations with the demands of the human condition finally are based in a faith of sorts. As a writer whose work is clearly influenced by postmodernity--its philosophers and artists, its dizzying dance with technology and the intricate maze of connections it creates and exposes--Gundy illustrates how a contemporary artist may work through a series of faithful negotiations, never demanding that such declarations be validated by reason, by dogma or by doctrine. Gundy's poetry embraces life as a journey toward something beyond us, unknowable by use of reason or the scientific method. Yet, as he reaches toward the unknowable in his poems--what many would call the spiritual--he cannot sever completely his moorings in the bay of modernism where reason and the laws of physics still hold sway. His poetry might best be described as embodying an uneasy desire to move beyond our mortal limitations and the physical properties of this world, in order to know more intimately the force that drives the universe. Yet Gundy cannot imagine any other way to do so, except through the pragmatic examination of daily, physical life. Over the course of his first three books of poems, Gundy concludes that a complete knowledge of the universe, especially if one demands that such knowledge be validated through systems of modernist objectivity, will not be his; nor will he accept the comforts of faith or mysticism, shrouded in some benign, new-age cloud of hope. Gundy's poems engage with the daily tragedies and joys found in the rural landscape of the Midwest. In the background, modernism's machinery continues to clank, asking the poet how his thoughts or feelings, his spiritual yearning, might be validated. In spite of such challenges to his relationship with the worlds of faith and reason, or perhaps because of such challenges, Gundy is a poet of ecstasy and rhapsody, and, as he tells us in "Many Strong Rivers: Words on the Way Home," "It is yearning that's eternal. …


5 Ahemen I., Meludu O., Odoh E. 6 7 8 1 Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria 9 2 Department of Physics, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria 10 11 12 13 14 . 15 ABSTRACT 16 17 The effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as capping agent on the optical (photo) and structural (physical) properties of zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles was studied. The capped nanoparticles were grown by the precipitation technique. The capping ratio of precursor (ZnS) to surfactant (CMC) (vol/vol) considered were 1:1 (sample S1), 1:2 (S2 sample) and 1:3 (sample S3 sample). Analyses carried out include; X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence studies. SEM analysis revealed particles as agglomerates. The obtained band gap energies of 4.13, 4.20 and 4.27 eV for samples S1, S3 and S2, respectively are blue shifted when compared to the band gap energy of bulk ZnS semiconductor indicating quantum effect. The calculated particle sizes from XRD ( 3.14, 3.73 and 15.7 nm for samples S3, S2 and S1, respectively) and effective mass approximation (3.59, 3.77 and 3.98 nm for samples S2, S3 and S1, respectively) were found to vary with the capping amount, though not monotonically. Capping ZnS with higher amount of CMC provided more stable nanoparticles, although with lower luminescence. The emission peaks of samples S3 and S2 were red-shifted when compared to that of sample S1. At low CMC capping amount, the luminescence was found to be very high and blue shifted due to a greater participation of surface trap states.


The authors present modern approaches to the establishment of a focal hiding-fire site, which are currently rather ambiguous and the choice of this or that technique is carried out directly by the expert. In this article, problems of detecting damage to structures from hidden fires are discussed. The methodologies for their detection are analyzed. The need to develop a comprehensive methodology that is applicable to the establishment of a hot spot of fire and is also applicable to assessing the possibility of further application of a construction structure has been identified and justified. The main goal of this work is the application of the synchronous thermal analysis method for the study of concrete composites in order to further identify the source of hidden fire and identify the places of the most damaged structural elements of the building structure. In this paper, we analyze the indicators of concrete obtained by the thermal analysis method, with the indices of concrete preexposed to thermal effects in the muffle furnace. Comparing the indices, the authors established the parameters of the temperature influence on the sample under study, which leads to the establishment of a focal fire. The parameters obtained by the authors, through the use of simultaneous thermal analysis is applicable to assess possible further applications of building structures after a latent fire.


Adolescence is a time of stress in the life cycle of a human being. Belief in God and Prayer habits are believed to alleviate stress. The study examined the relationship between stress and belief in God and prayer habits. 203 adolescents were administered a questionnaire on stress. Data on their belief in God and prayer habits were also collected. T tests and correlational analysis were conducted. It was found that females had higher stress levels, belief in God and prayer habits. However, there was no correlation between stress, belief in God and prayer habits. The higher levels of stress in females is hypothesized to be a result of pressure to confirm to societal role as a female.


The purpose of this technical guide is to describe how dynamic light scattering (DLS) is employed to screen crystallization candidates. Many findings suggest that DLS is useful to evaluate crystallizability of macromolecules before any crystallization attempt. The description is started with an overview of the relation between the crystallizability of macromolecular solution and its monodispersity provided by the DLS measurement. A practical guide for the DLS experiment is also described briefly in the case of using a compact commercial product, Dyna-Pro form Protein Solutions, Inc. Finally, the case study we have done in some protein samples is presented.


Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), activating the inotropic type A receptors (GABAА receptors) to provide fast inhibition. GABAА receptors are the main target for various groups of drugs that are widely used in the treatment of CNS disorders.
This review examines the relationship between the physiological effects of GABAА receptor activation and modulation by various substances (including medicinal compounds), the receptor's structure, and the interaction of these substances with specific modulatory sites. Recent advances in cryogenic electron microscopy have led to fundamental improvements in understanding the detailed organization and function of GABAА receptors. This review is based on both the latest structural data obtained from cryogenic electron microscopy and the results of biochemistry and electrophysiology studies, as well as molecular modelling.


The present invention is an oxetane represented by the following general formula (1) - to provide the cyclic epoxy compound and a method of manufacturing the same. To an oxetane represented by formula (I) - cyclic epoxy composite sheet comprising a compound as binder while maintaining the excellent flexibility heat resistance, optical properties, crack resistance, mechanical properties and the fairness is excellent preferably applied to the display substrate can: Formula 1 (Wherein R


An Examination of the Hydrodynamics Governing a Liquid-Phase Rate Controlled Gas/Liquid Mass Transport Process at Clean and Film-Covered Liquid Surfaces William Edward Asher, Ph.D. Oregon Graduate Center, 1987 Supervising Professor: James F. Pankow The transport of a gas across a gas/liquid interface is of fundamental importance in environmental and geophysical sciences. In many cases of interest, it is desired to predict the flux of a particular gas into or out of a body of water. Modeling of this process requires knowledge of how changes in fluid mechanical and chemical parameters will affect the gas exchange rate. In many instances, the rate may be determined to a large extent by the intensity of turbulence in the liquid phase in addition to the cleanliness of the liquid surface. Therefore, understanding how variations in turbulence intensity, length scale, and interfacial cleanliness can affect the gas/liquid transport process is central to modeling fluxes. The liquid phase rate controlled transport of C02 across a gas/liquid interface into water was studied using a non-invasive laser-induced fluorescence technique. Turbulence in the liquid layer was generated by a vertically-oscillating grid. This allowed the transport process to be studied as a function of known levels of aqueous phase turbulence. The liquid phase mass transfer coefficient kL and surface [C02] fluctuation timesca1es were measured under conditions of varying turbulence intensity and length scale for cleaned,


This article is an attempt to determine what types of texts constitute the advertising tourist discourse and to build the typology of advertising tourist texts within this discourse. The base of the typology depends on the common communicative purpose, which forms the aim of advertising texts, external structural plan, the internal plan of text and its theme which defines its pragmatic and logical orientation and functional stylistic organization.


This article deals with the question of the nature of and scholarly approaches to studying Greek syntax in the Septuagint. The concrete point of departure is the publication of A Syntax of Septuagint Greek by T. Muraoka (Leuven: Peeters, 2016). The author discusses Muraoka's work, while touching upon general trends in Septuagint scholarship, and reviews the book in a detailed manner. The author's theoretical considerations are illustrated by two case studies that demonstrate the problems associated with Muraoka's approach to syntax in the Septuagint. By way of conclusion, the author reflects on future directions in research on the Septuagint and its language usage.


[Objective] To retrospective analyze the etiological composition and hemodialysis access of 156 Long-term maintenance hemodialysis patients in our hospital.[Methods] We accurately record the gender,age,primary disease,dialysis,blood flow and blood flow of channel choice situation of CRF patients and then perform meta-analysis of these data.[Results] Etiological composition of maintenance hemodialysis patients including nephritis/nephrosis(60.25%),diabetes(13.41%),hypertension(9.76%),obstructive nephropathy by calculus(3.20%),polycystic kidney(1.92%) and Other reasons(8.92%).58.33% patients chose the Dialysis trail of Autogenous arteriovenous fistula,14.1% of patients chose long-term indwelling catheters.11.50% of patients chose temporary jugular vein cannulation.3.20% of patients chose temporary femoral vein cannulation.5.779% of patients chose temporary intubation but Ostomy.7.05% chose straight pricking.Long-term catheter infection:4 patients infected once,and accounted for 18.18% of the Long-term indwelling catheters,1 patient infected twice and accounted for 0.64%.Thrombotic complications of plugging were not found;One patient had vascular prosthesis,and he changed the long-term indwelling catheters due to the thrombus plug.The 1 year survival rate of dialysis was 10.9%.1 to 2 years survival rate was 33.97%.2 to 4 years survival rate was 25%.The 4 to 7 years survival rate was 21.16%.The 7 to 10 years survival rate was 7.05%.The 10 more years survival rate was 1.92.[Conclusion] The chronic glomerulonephritis,diabetic nephropathy,hypertension and obstructive nephropathy were the etiological composition of chronic renal failure in our Blood Purification Center.Hemodialysis mainly use Autogenous fistula.Temporary intubation was temporary transition,and long-term catheter has complications of infection and embolism.But this method is an ideal choice to move fistula,transplantation of blood vessel,transplantation artificial blood vessel or surgical failure.


The goal of sustainable development is to satisfy the needs of the people and alleviate poverty. The first principle of sustainable development states that people should be the focus of sustainable development. Based on this principle, it is argued whether fisheries resources conservation and management as a sustainable development tool is realistic in meeting the needs of the people. A case study of the Namibian Horse Mackerel was used to demonstrate a common notion that even though efforts used to recover over-exploited natural resources cost tax payer's money; they were not the ones who reap the benefits when the resources were recovered. A development analysis of the Namibian Horse Mackerel found it questionable whether development of the Horse Mackerel fishery resource satisfies the needs of the rural people, the majority of whom are poor, marginalized and previously disadvantaged.


Accurate estimation of power in pre-silicon is very important and finally to validate this against post-silicon measurement is essential throughout product lifecycle. Thermal design power (TDP) estimates are used to design package thermal solutions. In this paper a modeling approach for dynamic power estimation under TDP conditions is proposed. In this approach, separate models are built for each partition in the design. The model uses only bandwidth and the effective toggle rate of the input data for estimating the total switched capacitance and dynamic power. The model takes into account the effect of cross-coupling capacitance on dynamic power. The results obtained from the model are within 7% of the measured data


We propose an alternative method to accelerate ions in classical gridded ion thrusters and ion sources such that co-extracted electrons from the source may provide beam space charge neutralization. In this way there is no need for an additional electron neutralizer. The method consists of applying RF voltage to a two-grid acceleration system via a blocking capacitor. Due to the unequal effective area of the two grids in contact with the plasma, a dc self-bias is formed, rectifying the applied RF voltage. As a result, ions are continuously accelerated within the grid system while electrons are emitted in brief instants within the RF period when the RF space charge sheath collapses. This paper presents the first experimental results and a proof-of-principle. Experiments are carried out using the Neptune thruster prototype which is a gridded Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) source operated at 4 MHz, attached to a larger beam propagation chamber. The RF power supply is used both for the ICP discharge (plasma generation) and powering the acceleration grids via a capacitor for ion acceleration and electron extraction without any dc power supplies. The ion and electron energies, particle flux and densities are measured using retarding field energy analyzers (RFEA), Langmuir probes and a large beam target. The system operates in Argon and N2. The dc self-bias is found to be generated within the gridded extraction system in all the range of operating conditions. Broad quasi-neutral ion-electron beams are measured in the downstream chamber with energies up to 400 eV. The beams from the RF acceleration method are compared with classical dc acceleration with an additional external electron neutralizer. It is found that the two acceleration techniques provide similar performance, but the ion energy distribution function from RF acceleration is broader, while the floating potential of the beam is lower than for the dc accelerated beam.


This paper analyzed the present problems of the thoughts,management and mechanism,on the base of the gab between the digital demand and the present situation of the library staff in.China's higher vocational colleges.and focused on the measures and methods of strengthening the library staff building.


In order to explore the possibility of deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) of pressed HMX-based PBX inside long thick wall steel tube initiated by ignition composition, a new experiment apparatus was designed based on traditional DDT tube, in which strength at specific locations enhanced, and multichannel PDV probes and high speed photography were used to diagnose the expansion process and rupture characteristics of tube wall. Compared with the results initiated by detonator in the same explosives and confinement, the reaction durations of detonation and ignition differed by orders of magnitude; the pressure evolution measured by tube wall velocities, and the propagation process of tube wall movement were significantly different in two reaction. Analysis shows that the convective flow of reaction products along the seam between tube wall and explosives, high temperature and pressure, dominated the reaction evolution of PBX-B initiated by ignition composition under strong confinement, and appeared as laminar burning on explosive surface and structural response of confinement. There is no reaction activated in explosive bulk by the ramp wave caused by upper stream non shock initiation reaction, least of all DDT.


A 72-year-old woman noticed progressive ptosis and binocular diplopia for the past 3 months. She had a known history of stage-4 breast cancer diagnosed 3 years ago with metastases to the spine, pleura, and mediastinal lymph nodes for which she has been undergoing chemotherapy with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel. She also had a remote history of pituitary macroadenoma diagnosed 23 years ago and treated with transsphenoidal excision, followed by radiation therapy (RT) (3-field technique with 50 Gy in 25 fractions). On examination, she had complete right upper lid ptosis, 2 mm of anisocoria (right pupil larger than left), and complete limitation of adduction, supraduction, and inferoduction of the right eye in keeping with the diagnosis of complete right pupil-involving cranial nerve 3 (CN3) palsy (CN3P). Intorsion of the right eye was intact, and there were no signs of aberrant regeneration. MRI and time-of-flight MRA of the brain performed 2 weeks ago elsewhere was reported as normal with exception of unchanged pituitary gland enlargement, stable compared with imaging performed 3 years ago. When imaging was reexamined, striking bilateral enhancement of the cisternal portion of both CN3 was seen that was not present on the last available postcontrast MRI images from 3 years ago. Repeat MRI of brain and orbits with gadolinium and steady-state imaging 2 weeks later again showed marked smooth enhancement and mild thickening of cisternal segments of both oculomotor nerves but showed no other areas of leptomeningeal or intraparenchymal enhancement (Fig. 1A–C). Two large volume lumbar punctures (LPs) 1 month apart showed normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition (both with no white blood cells and normal protein and glucose), and cytological analysis was negative for malignancy on both occasions. Patient continued to do well systemically, although CN3P remained unchanged. MRI repeated 6 months later demonstrated unchanged thickening and enhancement of cisternal portion of both oculomotor nerves and unchanged pituitary gland enlargement with no evidence of leptomeningeal enhancement elsewhere (Fig. 1D, E). Initially, carcinomatous meningitis was believed to be the cause of clinical 3NP and bilateral enhancement of cisternal portions of CN3s on neuro-imaging; thus high-volume LPs were performed looking for presence of malignant cells in the CSF. Although CSF cytology has poor sensitivity for detecting central nervous system (CNS) spread of solid malignancies, it does increase with subsequent LPs. Third LP was planned but patient declined further investigations. The working diagnosis was CNS spread of cancer causing seeding of CN3s. However, the patient continued to be stable clinically and had no new neurological symptoms. When MRI remained unchanged 6 months later, we concluded that the diagnosis must be postradiation cranial neuropathy (PRCN) because prognosis in patients with carcinomatous meningitis is uniformly poor, whereas our patient continued to be well with no changes on neuro-imaging. Diplopia and cranial neuropathy in patients with a history of cancer should always raise suspicion of metastases or tumor recurrence. Neuromyotonia is another rare entity that may present with episodic diplopia in patients who have undergone cranial radiotherapy. Although aneurysmal compression should be ruled out first in cases of 3NP, balanced steady-state gradient echo MRI sequences should be performed in all patients with a history of cancer presenting with cranial nerve palsy (1). Enhancement of the oculomotor nerve always indicates underlying pathology but does not always correlate with a clinically apparent CN3P (2). The differential diagnosis for enhancing CN3 consists of inflammatory entities (demyelinating if involving the fascicle of the nerve and radiationinduced and ophthalmoplegic migraine if involving cisternal portion), infiltrative or neoplastic lesions (primary CN3 schwannoma, lymphoma, leukemia, or infiltration by perineural spread or carcinomatous meningitis presenting with irregular thickening along with enhancement) as well as infectious etiologies (1–3). One case series reviewed 13 patients with enhancement of cisternal portion of 3CN on MRI; in 6, enhancement was bilateral and of these 4 had unilateral CN3P clinically, like the patient in our case, with remaining 2 not showing any abnormalities of ocular motility. The main Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (TJ-P, TL, EM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging (DM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Division of Neurology (EM), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.


When we analyse the principle of strength training, or the design of the various training methods, it will be found that reasonable and suitable training design, principles and technology should be designed for most people, if they want to increase their strength. In this paper, we discuss the basic principles and the training methods which should be mastered, taken as a basis for strength training plan formulation.


Treatment of container grown Pinus radiata seedlings inoculated with Armillariella novac-zelandiae or A. limonea with sodium pentachlorophenate and/or pentachlorophenol gave no reduction in seedling infection or mortality. Seedling infection and mortality increased and vigor decreased in some treatments.


This thesis is primarily about a preparation of a new connection of a recreational property on Torso in Mariestad municipality. But also includes a side project of the collocation of optical fiber in Torso. The work was carried out on behalf of Vanerenergi AB in Mariestad. The recreational property in lilla Tranvik lack today an electricity supply and, therefore, at the request of the owner shall be connected to the electricity grid, and in conjunction with this, the property shall also be prepared for a future connection of optical fiber. Torso is currently not connected to optical fiber grid, therefore Vanerenergi AB examines the ability to connect the island and how a possible collocation of the optical fiber with the existing electricity grid can be performed. For the project, overview maps for the area is retrieved from the provincial government`s Web based GIS service, as well as site visits are conducted to determine a first rough stretch of the low voltage cable and a preliminary placement of the new transformer station for lilla Tranvik. Contact with authorities, businesses and landowner is made to inform about the wiring in the area, and at an early stage establish agreements regarding applications and payments. Cost calculation and material compilation of this preparation was carried out under the EBR standards provided by Swedish Energy Association. For calculation of buckling loads and required diameter of power pole, the program Fribe 04 is used, and network calculation software Tekla NIS was carried out for the dimensioning of the low voltage network. The preparation of a new connection of a property on Torso will be a working basis for the contractors who undertake job as well as a cost estimate for the requester, the total cost estimate of the preparation amount to 135 tkr. The side project of the collocation of optical fiber with the existing 10 kV air grid lines at Torso is considered to be able to serve as a basis for further planning of a future connection to the optical fiber grid. The total cost estimate of the collocation of optical fiber with the power cable lines totals 2.86 million Swedish kroner


1. Dietrich E, Gums JG. Intranasal fentanyl spray: a novel dosage form for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. Ann Pharmacother 2012;46: 1382-91. doi: 10.1345/aph.1R069 2. Grassin-Delyle S, Buenestado A, Naline E, et al. Intranasal drug delivery: an efficient and non-invasive route for systemic administration: focus on opioids. Pharmacol Ther 2012;134:366-79. 3. Christrup LL, Foster D, Popper LD, Troen T, Upton R. Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability of fentanyl following intranasal versus intravenous administration in adults undergoing third-molar extraction: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, two-way, crossover study. Clin Ther 2008;30:469-81. 4. Foster D, Upton R, Christrup L, Popper L. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasal versus intravenous fentanyl in patients with pain after oral surgery. Ann Pharmacother 2008;42:1380-7. doi: 10.1345/aph.1L168 5. Kaasa S, Moksnes K, Nolte T, Lefebvre-Kuntz D, Popper L, Kress HG. Pharmacokinetics of intranasal fentanyl spray in patients with cancer and breakthrough pain. J Opioid Manag 2010;6:17-26. 6. Veldhorst-Janssen NM, Fiddelers AA, van der Kuy PH, et al. Pharmacokinetics, analgesic effect, and tolerability of a single preprocedural dose of intranasal fentanyl in patients undergoing drain removal after breast reduction or augmentation surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther 2010;32:1427-36. 7. Fisher A, Watling M, Smith A, Knight A. Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of fentanyl pectin nasal spray 100-800 μg in healthy volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010;48:860-7. 8. Fisher A, Watling M, Smith A, Knight A. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of three nasal fentanyl formulations; pectin, chitosan and chitosan-poloxamer 188. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010;48:138-45. 9. Portenoy RK, Burton AW, Gabrail N, Taylor D. A multicenter, placebocontrolled, double-blind, multiple-crossover study of fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS) in the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. Pain 2010;151:617-24. 10. Fallon M, Reale C, Davies A, et al. Efficacy and safety of fentanyl pectin nasal spray compared with immediate-release morphine sulfate tablets in the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy multiple-crossover study. J Support Oncol 2011;9:224-31. 11. Mercadante S, Radbruch L, Davies A, et al. A comparison of intranasal fentanyl spray with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain: an open-label, randomised, crossover trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25:2805-15. 12. Kress HG, Oronska A, Kaczmarek Z, Kaasa S, Colberg T, Nolte T. Efficacy and tolerability of intranasal fentanyl spray 50 to 200 μg for breakthrough pain in patients with cancer: a phase III, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with a 10-month, open-label extension treatment period. Clin Ther 2009;31:1177-91. 13. Vissers D, Stam W, Nolte T, Lenre M, Jansen J. Efficacy of intranasal fentanyl spray versus other opioids for breakthrough pain in cancer. Curr Med Res Opin 2010;26:1037-45.


Abstract Falling-film hydrodynamics and heat transfer, a cutting-edge technology, has been widely used in a variety of industrial applications, including desalination and refrigeration. In this study, a two-dimensional and two-phase model was developed to examine the microscopic flow mechanism and transient flow characteristics. Film thickness varies with sprinkle density in the impingement, propagation, and accumulation zones, with the thinnest film appearing between 90° and 140°. In both the unsteady and steady cases, the film thickness over the stabilizing tube is nearly the same. Due to the acquired momentum of the liquid film, the propagation time for the test tube was also shorter than that of the stabilizing tube. Low sprinkle density results in dry regions; high sprinkle density results in mal-distribution, the formation of recirculation zones beneath the tubes, air cavities in the flow field, wavy disturbances in the liquid profile, and fluid waste. Furthermore, as the liquid sprinkle density increases, the developed recirculation zones and air cavities beneath the tubes expand and become modified. A sprinkle density can be set just above the minimum value to achieve steady-state film thickness. The findings can be used to improve flow characteristics and avoid over commitment and insufficient liquid supply.


This mini-review review examines the role of animal by-products (ABP), produced by the process known as rendering. It explains how the use of rendered products has evolved and changed over the last 50 years and how the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic in the UK and the rest of Europe challenged the survival of the industry. The subsequent changes to the rendering industry resulting from BSE are described by way of key research and regulatory changes. As a result of the developments in the modern rendering industry, it has evolved into an important component of the current human food chain. The role of the rendering industry in producing a wide range of safe, high quality, sustainable products from ABP materials is explored.


A new flber tract-oriented quantitative and visual analysis scheme using difiusion tensor imaging (DTI) is developed to study the regional micro structural white matter changes along major flber bun- dles which may not be efiectively revealed by existing methods due to the curved spatial nature of neuronal paths. Our technique is based on DTI tractography and geodesic path mapping, which establishes corre- spondences to allow cross-subject evaluation of difiusion properties by parameterizing the flber pathways as a function of geodesic distance. A novel isonodes visualization scheme is proposed to render regional sta- tistical features along the flber pathways. Assessment of the technique reveals speciflc anatomical locations along the genu of the corpus cal- losum paths with signiflcant difiusion property changes in the amnestic mild cognitive impairment subjects. The experimental results show that this approach is promising and may provide a sensitive technique to study the integrity of neuronal connectivity in human brain.


The properties of layered structures of superconducting (and non- superconducting) materials are studied, with emphasis on the related boundary- value problems. The experimental results are summarized, and theoretical interpretations are proposed for them. (T.F.H.)


: Objective: The study was designed to assess the correlation between smoking and dental caries in diabetic patients placed with dental implants. Study Methodology: After the approval from Ethical Review Committee of our hospital and informed consent of every participant, the study was initiated. The patients who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus with the laboratory examination of fasting blood sugar and hbA1c and placed with dental implants were selected. History of smoking is recorded along with other demographic characteristics and patients were assessed with DMF score in dental OPD. Results: Out of 60 diagnosed diabetic patients, 81.7% were males and 18.3% were females. 39 individuals reported with cigarette smoking habit. The DMF score in smokers found with a mean of 9.4 and 2.9 in non smokers. Bleeding on probing resulted in 60% of diabetic individuals with dental implants and 40% did not show any bleeding on probing, Conclusion: Patients with diabetes mellitus


Identical amounts of each protein were analyzed by SDSPAGE and with the Experion system (Bio-Rad Laboratories). For SDS-PAGE, samples were prepared by mixing equal volumes of protein sample and 2x Laemmli sample buffer with or without 5% β-mercaptoethanol. Following separation on CriterionTM Tris-HCl 4–20% precast gels, gels were stained with Bio-SafeTM colloidal Coomassie Blue stain and imaged using a GS-800TM densitometer and Quantity One® software (Bio-Rad Laboratories). For Experion analyses, samples were combined with reducing or nonreducing sample buffer and separated using the Experion Pro260 analysis kit according to the protocol described in the instruction manual.


-Integrating multiple processors into a single chip (known as chip multiprocessors or CMPs) has recently become easily achievable and common due to continuing advances in VLSI fabrication technologies A new inter-processor communication architecture for chip multiprocessors is proposed which has a low area cost, flexible routing capability, and supports globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) clocking styles. A presented implementation example of the proposed architecture shows that it can reduce the communication circuitry area by approximately two times with similar routing capability. To achieve a low area cost, the proposed statically-configurable asymmetric architecture assigns large buffer resources to only the nearest neighbor interconnect and much smaller buffer resources for long distance interconnect. To maintain flexible routing capability, each neighboring processor pair has multiple connecting links. The architecture supports long distance communication in GALS systems by transferring the source clock with the data signals along the entire path for write synchronization. Compared to a traditional dynamically-configurable interconnect architecture with symmetric buffer allocation and single-links between neighboring processor pairs, this implementation has approximately two times smaller communication circuitry area with a similar routing capability.


Treatment of C2-symmetric chiral acetylenes, prepared from (R)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol, with dichlorobis(trialkylphosphine)-platinum or -palladium in the presence of a CuI catalyst in amine gave high molecular-weight polynuclear complexes, which show a large negative optical rotation.


One of the most observed trends in Higher Education is the development of competencies to equip undergraduate engineering students for solving problems that they will confront in real-world situations. One way to develop these competencies is by exposing students to scenarios where they have opportunities to apply the information they have learned beyond an academic level and thereby acquire new, relevant knowledge. The purpose of this paradigm shift in education is to decrease the existing breach between learning in the classroom and learning in work-and-social environments in such a way that learning thus becomes a natural and continuous activity rather than one programmed and limited to university classrooms and labs. This present study shows how multidisciplinary teams of engineering students were called upon to solve a challenge for a week in the context of total immersion in a real-world environment. The study shows how students develop collaborative work skills while generating and applying new knowledge during the process of proposing a solution to the challenge. The importance of collaborative work skills among the team members was observed as a predictor of success in solving this challenge.


For nearly ten years, the writer has given talks to students from Grade IX to Grade XIII on the topic of "Dating and Sex Behavior." Whenever possible, opportunity has been seized for an extensive question and answer period. During these periods, impressions have arisen that seem to have importance in the general field of sex education. First, there seems to be a discrepancy between behavior considered permissible by society (parents), and that by teenagers-e.g., parents are against necking because it leads to further acts; teenagers favor necking. Second, there appears to be confirmation of the general proposition that teenagers do not knowv what parents expect-they know what parents 'say' but not what parents 'expect.' Third, there is reason to believe that a difference exists in the attitude of society toward male and female teenage sex behavior-the old double standard. Since confirmation of these impressions might render the talks more effective as well as add a modicum to the understanding of parent-child relationships, the writer long has wished to explore the problem area. No suitable opportunity arose until recently when a request was made by a women's church group for a talk on parent-adolescent problems and permission was granted the speaker to ask for volunteer research subjects in the course of the evening. Two further occasions subsequently arose, both affording male and female subjects.


Richard A. Gorton is on the faculty of the School of Education, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee. THE position of department head has been a part of the administrative organization of the secondary school in this country almost since its inception. Although periodically some observers have predicted the demise of the position, it continues to exist in the vast majority of large secondary schools. Often proposed


Workers competing in a tournament for a prize (e.g., a promotion) often perform sequentially in multiple stages. When the firm is privately informed about the workers' performance, it can sharpen incentives by strategically disclosing the intermediate results. But the policies that enhance final-stage effort may dampen incentives at the intermediate stage. In our model, the optimal disclosure policy has a simple form: disclose only if all workers perform poorly. This result offers a novel justification for partial disclosure in performance feedback. Also, it contrasts with the existing literature that focuses on the extreme policies of full disclosure and no disclosure.


Abstract An undeformed Palaeoproterozoic granite pluton, located at Hogberget, 10 km north of Kopparberg in western Bergslagen, has been investigated with respect to petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology. The geochemistry indicates a leucocratic and peraluminous granite and a REE pattern characterized by a large negative Eu‐anomaly and a slight enrichment of the light REEs. Age determination by means of the U‐Pb in zircon method yielded 1750±0 Ma. The Hogberget granite is spatially and genetically related to the Wigstrom (Hogfors) tungsten skarn deposit and is comparable with other W‐Mo related granites in western Bergslagen (e.g. Pingstaberg, Fjallberg, and Skalhojden), which traditionally are considered to have an anatectic origin. The data presented in this paper give further support to genetical models favouring a Late‐ to post‐Svecofennian, granite‐related origin for the W‐Mo deposits in western Bergslagen and are in strong conflict with theories favouring a rift‐related Early Svecofennian genes...


Blockchain system store transaction data in the form of a distributed database where each peer is to maintain an identical copy. Blockchain systems resemble repetition codes, incurring high storage cost. Recently, distributed storage blockchain (DSB) systems have been proposed to improve storage efficiency by incorporating secret sharing, private key encryption, and information dispersal algorithms. However, the DSB results in significant communication cost when peer failures occur due to denial of service attacks. In this project, we propose a new DSB approach based on a local secret sharing (LSS) scheme with a hierarchical secret structure of one global secret node and several local secret nodes. The proposed DSB approach with LSS improves the storage and recovery communication costs.


Using a closely spaced pair of δ‐doped layers, one n‐ and one p‐type, at a semiconductor homojunction with different isotype doping densities on each side of the junction, controlled internal Schottky‐type barriers may be produced. We have studied such prototype GaAs diodes with Be and Si δ doping. Good agreement has been obtained between the experimentally determined barrier and that from a self‐consistent Poisson calculation of the zero bias band profile. The temperature dependence of the I–V characteristics has been measured in detail. The results are consistent with the weak temperature dependence of barrier height predicted by the theoretical model. The value of the Richardson constant was also calculated. It has been found that in general the current transport behavior is close to the thermonic limit. A preliminary study of the thermal stability of such diodes has also been carried out.


The results show that the union of a finite collection of spaces satisfying open(G) is a D-space,and the space having a point-countably expandable network is a D-space.


The article "A New Glow on the Chromatography of M&M Candies" was of interest because of the identity of the "unidentified orange" listed in the supplementary material as being found in orange and brown M&Ms.


Contains 12 contributions addressing recent reforms in the restriction of anti-competitive practices in Latin America. Chapters address the development of competition policy in Latin America; present case studies from Argentina, Chile, Venezuela, Mexico, and Columbia; and discuss aspects of competition policy on the global level, including antitrust experience in the US, European Economic Community competition policy, and competition policies among Mercosur countries. Contributors include specialists in international finance and trade, investment bankers, policymakers, economists with the World Bank, professors of business and government, and others.


: The main aim of this paper was to examine the effects of chelating agents on the mobilization of heavy metals from polluted soils and tailings generated by copper ore processing. Ammonium salts (chloride and nitrate(V)), organic acids (citric and tartaric), amino acids (glycine and histidine) and synthetic chelating agents EDTA ( ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ) and EDDS ( ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid ) were applied to soil suspension at the rate of 5 mmol × kg –1 and shaken. Similar tests were performed also with two kinds of sewage sludge, at various stages of biochemical stability. Examined were 8 samples collected from the dumping sites Zelazny Most and Wartowice, as well as 2 samples of polluted soils from the vicinities of copper smelters Legnica and Glogow were tested. Total concentrations of metals in tailings were: 1300–3800 mg Cu × kg –1 , 80–300 mg Pb × kg –1 and 23–35 mg Zn × kg –1 , whereas the concentrations of those metals in soils were: 1270–1500 mg Cu × kg –1 , 304–336 mg Pb × kg –1 and 80–89 mg Zn × kg –1 . Efficiency of metals extraction from soils and tailings varied between tested soils and tailings material, metals and chemical agents applied. EDTA appeared the most effective in solubilizing Cu, and extracted 7–39 % of total Cu and 2–18 % Pb from various samples. The efficiency of Cu solubilization from soils and tailings by other agents was in the following order: citric acid (for tailings) > glycine > histidine > EDDS > citric acid (for soils) > tartaric acid > ammonium chloride > ammonium nitrate. The order for extraction of two other metals differed from that obtained for Cu. The tests with sewage sludge did not prove essential increase of Cu and Pb solubility, despite considerable amounts of dissolved organic matter present in one sludge. This effect can be explained by the sorption of chelated forms of metals by highly humified organic matter.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Nanocrystal-based Dyads for Solar to Electric Energy Conversion.1 LEI WANG, MINGYAN WU, DAVID WALDECK, University of Pittsburgh — We describe a new project which aims to develop a systematic and modular approach to creating a new generation of Gratzel-inspired solar energy conversion devices with the following novel advantages: the ability to capture the entire available range of solar irradiance by employing sets of linked nanoparticles, fabrication by self-assembly, enhanced robustness, and lowered cost through use of nanostructured, rather than molecular, charge transfer elements. The project team is designing, creating, and characterizing linked-nanoparticle dyads, which will act as the charge separation "engine" in new generation solar cells. By employing a mixture of dyads it should be possible to efficiently capture the entire solar spectrum. The proposed device architecture has two important advantages over existing solar conversion devices: It can be produced by a self-assembly process. Because of its modularity, each of its components (nanoparticles or organic linker) can be optimized separately. 1This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Solar Energy Utilization Initiative Lei Wang University of Pittsburgh Date submitted: 20 Nov 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


The utility model relates to a solar water heater using an indoor photovoltaic auxiliary heating system, which comprises a solar panel (1), a central controller (2), a power adapter (3), storage batteries (4), a heating water tank (5), a solar water heater (6), a water inlet valve (9), a water outlet valve (10), a water inlet and outlet valve (7) and a circulating water pump (8), wherein the heating water tank (5) comprises a water tank (54), and a heater (51), a temperature detector (52) and a water quantity detector (53) are arranged in the water tank (54); the solar water heater (6) comprises a vacuum heat-collecting pipe (61) and an incubator (62), and the circulating water pump (8), and the water inlet and outlet valve (7) are connected to the heating water tank (5) through water pipes; and the circulating water pump (8), the water inlet valve (9) and the water outlet valve (10) are connected to the incubator (62) through water pipes, and the water outlet valve (10) is connected to the water inlet and outlet valve (7) through a water pipe. The utility model is economic and environment-friendly, and can be used in rainy days or when the sunshine is not strong.


PurposeThis research explores the historical nexus between accounting and gender to illuminate male hegemonies within accounting. It examines the nature of that hegemony at the boundary between the female domain of household and philanthropic activities and the male domain of business and finance.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research approach is used for this historical research. The primary source was digitised newspapers from the National Library of Australia. Newspapers have been used in previous historical accounting research and are relevant in this instance because they provide the only surviving data about the All Nations' Fair. Given that newspapers were published daily, the depth of coverage is not replicated by other archival sources, and at that time provided a strong community voice.FindingsWomen undertook the management of and accounting for the All Nations' Fair, a philanthropic activity designed to rescue the Geelong Cricket and Football Club from its parlous financial position. Despite women undertaking the work, the management of and accounting for, the Fair was attributed to men. This reflects a gendered construction of accounting that overpowers the reality of who undertook the work.Research limitations/implicationsThis research demonstrates only a single example of women's philanthropic accounting, so is not generalisable. It suggests however that male hegemonies have exerted and continue to exert power over women.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is that historical examples serve as a corrective to histories that have ignored women's contribution to accounting, particularly in philanthropic activities. The relationship between women's accounting and gender also has contemporary significance. Gendered disadvantage and subjugation to a dominant masculine hegemony remain recurring themes in accounting research because they continue to impact adversely on the experiences of many women in accounting.


The mechanical properties of pretempered, prestrained, and retemperod ultra-high strength steel are reported. Pretempering temperatures were varied from 400 to 1200 deg F, prestrains from 0 to 7% elongation, and retempering temperatures from 70 to 1200 deg F. It is found that prestrain and retempering may cause a significant increase in the yield stress and tensite strength, but with an accompanying loss of ductility and toughness. On increasing the retempering temperature, a maximum occurs in the strength along with a minimum in the ductility and toughness. The temperature of the maximum shifts from 300 to 700 deg F with increasing pretempering temperature, and the minimum behaves similarly. Any tempering-prestrain combination which increases the strength appreciably also decreases the elongation-to-maximum-load to practically zero. This behavior severely limits the possible application of prestrained ultra-high strength steel. Prestrain and retempering (below the pretempering temperature) have no observable effect on the fracture stress, the hardness, or the electron microstructure. Several phenomena are considered in an attempt to account for the results of this investigation. Substructure seemed to be the most promising model for explaining the observed behavior. The evidence is inconclusive. (auth)


This paper studies a visual feedback control scheme for robot manipulators with camera-in-hand configurations. We design a robust controller that compensates for bounded parametric uncertainties of robot mechanical dynamics. In order to reduce steady state tracking error of the robot arms due to uncertain dynamics, integral action is included in the control input. Using the Lyapunov stability criterion, the uniform ultimate boundedness of the tracking error is proved. Simulation and experimental results with a 2-1ink robot manipulator illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.


Now days, the world scientific community is focusing their attention towards coastal area due to warming provided by the scientists involved in global warming studies, much research works are emerging in this aspect mainly to protect coastal environment and to mitigate coastal hazards. Coastal area is facing serious threads from both manmade and natural disturbances. coastal erosion, sea level variation and cyclones are the major factors that alert the coastal geomorphology the impact of the natural disturbance can be reduced by the protecting the coastal vegetation. The aim of this study is to bring out coastal geomorphological landforms from Portonoa to Coleroon river mouth, using remote sensing, GIS and field information. It is in the survey of India Toposheet No.58M/15. The study area contains three types of coastal geomorphological landforms; they are depositional, erosional and other features. The depositional features like, beach, beach ridges, cheniers, paleo barres, paleo – tidal flats, mudflats. The erosional features like Sea cliffs and other features like back waters and mangroves, creeks and deltas. A GIS database was developed and updated in order to provide access for future use and computer analysis.


Since 1991 Iraqis are emigrating en masse from their homeland to neighbouring countries and abroad. The fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in 2003 have accelerated the outflow of refugees, mainly due to insecurity and the rise of sectarian violence. Both departure context in Iraq and emigration process in transit and receiving states have lead to the development of religious-based networks. On the one hand, the development of sectarian violence have deeply changed the geography of Baghdad, leading to forms of religious homogeneity of certain neighbourhoods. This context has thus contributed to the reinforcement of a sectarian-based emigration process since 2003. On the second hand, religious networks, as mentioned in previous studies, have already played a key role in the emigration process since 1991 and even before with the economic migration in the 1970's. Based on a fieldwork on the Iraqis in Damascus and a preliminary fieldwork in Stockholm, I will examine the role of religious-based networks, mainly Assyrians and Chaldeans, in the emigration process. The role of previous migration waves since the 1970's will be developed to understand the present migration process.


M.A. (Psychology), The Johns Hopkins University, 1988; J.D., Stanford University, 1993; Ph.D. (Psychology) Stanford University, 1994. I received valuable comments on this paper from participants in the symposium on "Innovations in Environmental Policy" sponsored by the University of Illinois Law Review and the University of Illinois Institute of Government and Public Affairs. 1 United States v. Carroll Towing Co., 159 F.2d 169, 173 (2d Cir. 1947). 2 See JUDGMENT UNDER UNCERTAINTY: HEURISTICS AND BIASES (Daniel Kahneman et al. eds., 1982); Matthew Rabin, Psychology and Economics, 36 J. ECON. LITERATURE 11 (1998). 3 See Lee Ross & Andrew Ward, Psychological Barriers to Dispute Resolution, 27 ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOC. PSYCHOL. 255 (1995). The Psychology of Global Climate Change Jeffrey J. Rachlinski* 2000 U. Ill. L. Rev. – (forthcoming, 2000)


About a year ago. I was approached by Phoebe Huang of Comtex Scientific Corporation who hoped that I would help devise a dramatically expanded index for topics in AI to aid Comtex in indexing the series of AI memos and reports that they had been gathering. Comtex had tried to get the ACM to expand and update its classification. But was told that ACM had just revised the listing two years ago or so ago, and did not intend to revise it again for a while: even if they did. The revision might require a year or more to complete. Comtex wanted the new classification within six to eight weeks. I agreed to take on the task, thinking it wouldn't be too hard. The major decision I had to make was whether to use the existing ACM index scheme and add to it, or start with a fresh sheet of paper and devise my own. I decided to stick with ACM's top two levels, only adding, not modifying, major headings.


Purpose
This paper aims to answer two research questions: first, to study the factors that directly and indirectly influence the intentions of job-seekers and second, to examine the moderating role of gender differences in e-recruitment adoption through the application of technology acceptance model (TAM) in India.

Design/methodology/approach
A convenience sampling technique was used to collect online data via GoogleDocs through various online channels such as social media, LinkedIn and email. The final data was collected from 364 final-year graduates and postgraduate students to confirm the impact of female and male differences, measurement invariance in composite models (MICOM) and multi-group analysis (MGA).

Findings
The results indicated that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) have a direct impact on attitude (AT), whereas PU influenced behavioral intentions (BI) of job-seekers, but PEOU did not. AT directly leads to the BI. The outcomes of mediation analysis show that AT partially mediates the relationships between PU to BI and PEOU to BI. Further, the findings of MICOM and MGA showed that gender significantly moderates all the relationships between the constructs except for the influence of AT on BI.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the current literature, revealing that the original TAM model is still pertinent and effective in prevailing periods in emerging markets. The significance of PEOU and PU on AT and BI implies that job-seekers will strongly adopt e-recruitment when it is user-friendly and assist them to accomplish their tasks easily and efficiently. Moreover, gender has a vital moderating influence in e-recruitment adoption. In the case of females, the effect of PEOU is stronger, and for males, PU has a substantial impact on adoption.

Practical implications
Developers and recruiters should provide significant information related to salary, location and job profile on e-recruitment to enhance the adoption rate of online recruitment. Further, the usefulness of e-recruitment systems was more significant for males compared to females, whereas female job-seekers prefer the e-recruitment system, which is easy to use and operate.

Originality/value
This research fills a gap in the literature by examining the essential factors affecting the BI of job-seekers as well as empirically testing the impact of gender differences to adopt TAM for e-recruitment – an under-explored subject in developing countries like India.


OBJECTIVE
To identify the prognostic factors influencing the clinical and urodynamics results on symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy (BHP) treatment in a series of patients with silodosin therapy from the URAL study.

METHODS
A retrospective study was performed in a cohort of 318 patients with BPH which underwent silodosine treatment, during at least 12 weeks.

RESULTS
Univariate analysis demonstrated that the variables in relationship with a decrease of urinary symptoms` punctuation postreatment (measured with the IPSS Questionnaire), a maximum peak flow (Q max) postreatment equal or superior to 15 ml/s, a postreatment postvoid residual lower to 100 ml, and a postreatment obstruction index ( Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index: BOOI) equal or lower to 20 cm H2O, presented such both as a clinical and urodynamic character. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that a decreased punctuation of IPSS Questionnaire postreatment was in relationship to: a pretreatment cystometry bladder capacity (direct relationship), pretreatment Qmax (direct relationship), pretreatment postvoid residual (inverse relationship), and pretreatment BOOI (inverse relationship).

CONCLUSION
The urodynamic study was very useful in the assessment of the prognostic factors in these patients.


This study examined differences in food groups consumed at eating occasions by the level of adherence to dietary guidelines in Australian adults (≤19 years) and whether consumption differed with respect to age, sex, and education levels. Secondary analysis of the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (N = 9054) was performed, using one 24-hour dietary recall with self-reported eating occasions. Dietary Guideline Index scores were used to assess adherence to the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines. Mean differences (95% CI) in servings of the five food groups and discretionary foods at eating occasions were estimated for adults with higher and lower diet quality, stratified by sex, age group, and education. Using survey-based t-tests, differences of at least half a serving with p-values greater than 0.05 were considered meaningful. Compared to adults with lower diet quality, women and men aged 19-50 years with higher diet quality consumed more serves of vegetables at dinner (Mean difference [95% CI], women; 1.0 [0.7, 1.2]; men: 0.9; [0.6, 1.3]) and fewer serves of discretionary foods at snacks (women: -0.7 [-0.9, -0.5]; men: -1.0 [-1.4, -0.7]). Other food groups, such as grains, dairy and alternatives, meats and alternatives, were not significantly different between adults with lower and higher diet quality, across any eating occasions and age groups. Discretionary food intake at lunch, dinner, and snacks was consistently greater among adults with lower diet quality, regardless of education level. Our findings identify dinner and snacks as opportunities to increase vegetable intake and reduce discretionary food intake, respectively.


Transmission properties of 2-dimensional dielectric and metallic photonic crystals with trigonal hole arrays have been investigated in the terahertz region. The transmission spectra are quite different between the dielectric and metallic photonic crystals, i. e. the characteristics of the former is explained by folding of the wave-guide mode of the slab into the first-Brillouin zone by the periodic structure and that of the latter is explained by the transmission through the isolated metallic wave guides and by the Wood's anomaly.


The catalysts of phenol hydroxylation were prepared by modifying L zeolite with copper. Their activities were investigated by using 30% H2O2 aqueous solution as oxidant when the reactants ratio of n(phenol)/n(H2O2) is 3. The factors, including reaction time, reaction temperature, acid content of supports, loading method and Cu content were investigated. The results indicate that the impregnated catalyst has a higher activity than that of ion-exchanged catalyst, and the conversion of phenol increases with increasing the amount of acid content in L zeolite and/or increasing the reaction temperature. Under optimal reaction conditions, the reaction can be completed in 2 hours, the conversion of phenol is 24.0% and the selectivity of dihydroxybenzenes is 71.4%, the ratio of n(CAT) /n(HQ) is about 1.22.


In this thesis we present a system for detection of events in video. First we propose a multiview approach to automatically detect, track, and consistently label heads, hands, and other objects across cameras (zooms). Next a number of features are developed which are used by the machine learning process for event detection. Finally, we demonstrate a new machine learning paradigm, TemporalBoost, that can recognize events in video.
Tracking and labeling head and hands. To perform activity recognition the system must be able to detect and recognize heads and hands in the scene. Our method relies on a standard face detector to find the head. A color model of the found head region is built online. We can find the hands using the color model, since they are similarly colored.
Features for Adaboost. We provide a rich set of features (weak classifiers) that are able to distinguish between various actions. The type of features we create fall into three categories: Multizoom features, temporal features, and frame-wise features. We go over all the features in more detail in the relevant chapters, and here we summarize a small subset of them. Three features that we present use multiple zooms simultaneously in cases in which a single zoom might not have been sufficient. The features developed are: (1) segmenting an object in the hand; (2) determining number of hands in head region; (3) localizing the hand in facial region.
Machine learning for activity recognition. We also propose a new boosting paradigm to achieve detection of events in video. Previous boosting paradigms in vision focus on single frame detection and do not scale to video events. Thus new concepts need to be introduced to address questions such as determining if an event has occurred, localizing the event, handling the same action performed at different speeds, incorporating previous classifier responses into the current decision, using temporal consistency of data to aid detection and recognition. The proposed method has the capability to improve weak classifiers by allowing them to use previous history in evaluating the current frame. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


In unmanned vehicle perception, dynamic object classification is applied to classify objects accurately and timely, providing decision-making for obstacle avoidance and planning. Low-resolution LiDAR is one of the most important sensors for this task. Unfortunately, the existing approaches perform unsatisfactorily due to the huge domain gap between low-resolution and high-resolution point cloud classification. Some schemes try to reduce the gap by fusing multi-scan information through SLAM or completing single-scan point clouds. However, these methods rely on high positioning accuracy or the wholeness of object data. To this end, differently, we propose a dynamic object classification method of low-resolution data from the perspective of time-series fusion. By modeling time series of sparse data, we indicate change rules of separate classification models for object representation. Subsequently, based on ensemble learning, our method performs feature-level fusion on multiple networks to exploit their different expression capabilities. Finally, we utilize long short-term memory to gradually classify dynamic objects. Besides, we also propose a dataset of the low-resolution point clouds and manually annotate the ground truth, which contains abundant samples of cars, pedestrians, and motorcycles. Through testing actual low-resolution data, the accuracy of our method is verified to improve a lot than the state-of-the-art approaches.


The paper explores the role of universities in innovation in the modern knowledge economy, discusses the Triple Helix model and the entrepreneurial university, and then examines the application of these concepts in Egypt. The study, which specifically addresses the roles of universities in the innovation process in Egypt, is based on a series of in-depth interviews with eighteen Egyptian experts drawn from government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and academia. The paper shows that universities do play a role in the innovation process in Egypt, but that more needs to be done. It points to the challenges the universities encounter and calls for an integrated innovation policy that includes higher education. The paper will be of particular relevance to academics and policy makers in Egypt and other factor-driven economies.


Background. An unexpected excess of patients with breast cancer with four or more positive lymph nodes was observed in mammographically screened women who were younger than the age of 50 years at enrollment into the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (NBSS). It has been suggested that this excess is consistent with prior screening trials evaluating mammography.


The embodiment of the invention discloses an air conditioner control method and an air conditioner control system, which can effectively control an air conditioner remotely in multiple ways. The air conditioner control method comprises the steps: acquiring state information of the air conditioner; transmitting the state information of the air conditioner to a local area network operating terminal or a remote server; receiving a control instruction generated by the local area network operating terminal or the remote server according to the state information of the air conditioner; controlling the air conditioner according to the control instruction. In the embodiment, the state information of the air conditioner is acquired in real time; then the state information of the air conditioner is transmitted to the local area network operating terminal or the remote server; the local area network operating terminal or the remote server generates the control instruction according to the state information of the air conditioner; finally the air conditioner is controlled according to the control instruction. By adopting the method, the centralized control can be remotely carried out for a plurality of air conditioners.


A new type device for seedling tray continuous feed and synchronous cave-hole alignment was developed for a precision seedling transplanter using the combination of an electromagnetic directional valve and a pneumatic cylinder.A two-layer tray feed mechanism accomplishes the tray feed in turn pneumatically.The synchronous alignment of the tray feed is controlled by a position limitation cylinder.The accurate alignment of the tray cave and the pneumatic cylinder seedling sucking hole was realized by releasing the tray after receiving the cave-hole alignment signal.Experiment results proved that adopting the two-layer tray feed and synchronous alignment device reduces the laboring intensity effectively,ensures the orientation precision of throwing seedling,improves the seedling transplonting quality,providing a reference for the development of the technology and equipment of paddy precision seedling transplanting.


Aposematic organisms warn predators of their unprofitability using a combination of defenses, including visual warning signals, startling sounds, noxious odors, or aversive tastes. Using multiple lines of defense can help prey avoid predators by stimulating multiple senses and/or by acting at different stages of predation. We tested the efficacy of three lines of defense (color, smell, taste) during the predation sequence of aposematic wood tiger moths (Arctia plantaginis) using blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) predators. Moths with two hindwing phenotypes (genotypes: WW/Wy = white, yy = yellow) were manipulated to have defense fluid with aversive smell (methoxypyrazines), body tissues with aversive taste (pyrrolizidine alkaloids) or both. In early predation stages, moth color and smell had additive effects on bird approach latency and dropping the prey, with the strongest effect for moths of the white morph with defense fluids. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestration was detrimental in early attack stages, suggesting a trade-off between pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestration and investment in other defenses. In addition, pyrrolizidine alkaloid taste alone did not deter bird predators. Birds could only effectively discriminate toxic moths from non-toxic moths when neck fluids containing methoxypyrazines were present, at which point they abandoned attack at the consumption stage. As a result, moths of the white morph with an aversive methoxypyrazine smell and moths in the treatment with both chemical defenses had the greatest chance of survival. We suggest that methoxypyrazines act as context setting signals for warning colors and as attention alerting or "go-slow" signals for distasteful toxins, thereby mediating the relationship between warning signal and toxicity. Furthermore, we found that moths that were heterozygous for hindwing coloration had more effective defense fluids compared to other genotypes in terms of delaying approach and reducing the latency to drop the moth, suggesting a genetic link between coloration and defense that could help to explain the color polymorphism. Conclusively, these results indicate that color, smell, and taste constitute a multimodal warning signal that impedes predator attack and improves prey survival. This work highlights the importance of understanding the separate roles of color, smell and taste through the predation sequence and also within-species variation in chemical defenses.


The Economic History of Rossendale (Manchester, 1927) deserves to be more widely recognised as one of the very first examples of a new kind of history. This article examines the historiographical context in which G.H. Tupling (1883-1962) came to write his book, linking him with the early growth of economic history as a subject at the University of Manchester under George Unwin and with another great historian of the time, R.H. Tawney. It goes on to analyse and assess Tupling's achievement and enduring legacy.


High-quality seed is always demanded by farmers and may result in up to a 30% increase in crop yields. One of the major constraints ofsoybean cultivation is that soybean seeds quickly deteriorate in storage due to high lipid and protein content. Coating technology withvarious coating formulas is needed to extend seeds' shelf life. This research aimed to determine the effects of CSNPs (chitosan-waxnanoparticles) and CS (chitosan-wax) as active coating ingredients in delaying the Deterioration of soybean seed quality. Two varietiesof soybean seed and three coating treatments (control, CS, and CSNPs) were used during storage for six months. Each treatment wasreplicated four times, and the observation was conducted monthly. The result showed that coating treatment could significantly suppressthe increase in water content and the decrease in protein and fat levels compared to the control. Moreover, the coating also suppresses therespiration rate, ethylene content, and MDA concentration during storage, especially for the Grobogan variety. The coated seed showeda higher vigor index and germination than the controls, particularly in the Dega variety. The CSNPs performed better than CS and controlfor all the experimental parameters. The germination percentage of the Dega variety soybean seeds after six months of storage at CS andCSNPs coating treatments were 93.33 and 92.67%, respectively, much higher than the Grobogan variety. The initial mositure contentmuch influenced the seed's physical, chemical, and viability during storage.


The objective of this research was to evaluate the energy demand required by a seeder-fertilizer for direct planting, with different configurations of furrowers in the implantation of soybean culture, in lowland areas. The experiment was conducted in two agricultural areas, typically cultivated with irrigated rice, located in the Central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. A randomized block design was used, in a bifactorial arrangement, and four furrow configurations (shank, shank with furrow-groove system, corrugated disc and double disc) were evaluated in two areas with different characteristics (agricultural area 1 and agricultural area 2). The variables studied were: drawbar pull, real travel speed, slippage of the driving wheels of the tractor and specific fuel consumption. Based on the analysis of the results obtained in this study, it can be said that the furrow mechanisms influence the energy demand of the mechanized set, regardless of the agricultural area. Specific fuel consumption with the use of shanks instead of discs was 0.7 times lower, for both areas.


Finding the major determinants limiting geographical distribution of red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is an important goal to provide presupposition of implementation a control or even eradication program in China. We predicted the range of S.invicta within China by applying two models: climate model (Climex model) and dynamic model of fire ant colony growth (Colony dynamic model CDM). We also explored the distribution factors of soil temperature and precipitation in China. The risk of all territory of five provinces or regions (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian and Taiwan), south parts of 4 provinces (Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and Jiangxi) would be very high. From this high risk area, probability and suitability for S.invicta survival for northern China turned down to 0 gradually, both de- clared in Climex model and in colony dynamic model. The north limit line of S.invicta in China should lie on the north and west edge of Sichuan, south of Gansu, middle of Shannxi, north of Henan and then the south edge of Shandong. Basing on our investigation, it is also clear that S.invicta just finished first invasion step. The results of prediction and investigation suggest that there exists an opportunity to implement urgent control program, and the range expansion of S.invicta into neighboring provinces would occur without severe control.


: Background : Clinical pharmacy practice has developed internationally to expand the role of a pharmacist well beyond the traditional roles of compounding and supplying drugs to roles more directly in caring for patients by providing pharmaceutical care. To achieve this, clinical pharmacists are trained and provide comprehensive drug management to patients, but there are challenges on its implications. Objective : To assess the clinical pharmacy services and its challenges at Jimma University Medical Center. Methods : Prospective cross-sectional study was employed and the data were collected by using pre-tested, self-administered structured questionnaires which have socio-demographic variables, questions to evaluate the clinical pharmacy services at Jimma University Medical Center. The questionnaire was disseminated for respondents by the principal investigator and collect after a week. The data were analyzed by using SPSS window version 21.0 statistical software. Results : A total of 165 graduating class pharmacy students and post graduate clinical pharmacist were included in the study. From the total of study participants, 30 (18.2%) of them were post graduate clinical pharmacy students and 135 (81.8%) were undergraduate graduating pharmacy students. Among them 48 (29.1%) were female and 117 (70.9%) were males. The mean age of students was 25.47 ±0.877. Based on the Lickert scale analysis, results showed that almost all of the study participants concluded the existence of very poor attitude on clinical pharmacy services and its education. Conclusions : The recent shift of pharmacy education towards clinical pharmacy practice in Ethiopia face challenges in the implementation of clinical pharmacy service. Although the perception of students regarding the curriculum change indicates that curriculum was not designed taking the countries current pharmacist needs because there was no integration of clinical pharmacy services in the health care system.


Background: Affective polarization and stigma toward individuals with schizophrenia and toward immigrants in Argentina are not new despite its importance and dissemination. However, no research has been conducted taking into consideration political partisanship and attitudes toward these groups. Aims: Political polarization and attitudes toward socialization across party lines are studied in conjunction with attitudes toward immigrants and toward individuals with schizophrenia. Method: Individuals from Buenos Aires (n = 712) were surveyed for their political partisanship and their attitudes toward Peruvian and Bolivian immigrants, people with schizophrenia and partisans from the opposing political party. A modified version of the Bogardus scale was used. Results: Social distance was from highest to lowest toward people with schizophrenia, political opponents, and immigrants. Individuals with schizophrenia were strongly discriminated against by most participants: 86% would definitely or probably not want them to take care of their children, 83% would not want them to be their healthcare provider, and 81% would not want to marry them. Immigrants were comparatively not discriminated against: 10% would not want them to take care of their children, 8% would not want to receive health care from them, and 28% would not want to marry them. Cristina Fernández de Kirchner partisans showed the lowest level of discrimination toward these two groups, compared to Mauricio Macri partisans and to independent voters. However, the former group had greater discriminatory attitudes toward Mauricio Macri partisans than the latter. Conclusions: As compared to other discriminatory attitudes, discrimination toward persons with schizophrenia is widespread and pervasive. Lower levels of discrimination toward people with schizophrenia and toward immigrants would not predict attitudes toward the opposing political partisans.


Perioperative bridging in atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with low thromboembolic rates but high bleeding rates. Recent guidance cautions the practice of bridging except in high risk patients. However, the practice of bridging varies widely and little data exist regarding appropriate anticoagulation intensity when using intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH).


A new bandpass frequency selective surfaces (FSS) is designed and the composite system (patch antenna covered by an FSS) is analyzed using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Far-field patterns of the patch antenna, with and without FSS radomes, are obtained and compared with each other. The feed is modeled by using a coaxial line extension, which enables us to compute the return loss of the patch and the composite system accurately. Numerical results show a frequency shift in the return loss response of the patch in the presence of the FSS cover.


In a previous publication Pienaar (1978 The freshwater fishes of the Kruger National Park, Publ. National Parks Board) provides a systematic account and check-list of the freshwater fishes of the Kruger National Park (KNP), Republic of South Africa.


The paper presents results of the research of distribution of the incidence of alleles polymorphous locus ApoB 3' HVR among children and adolescents with essential hypertension and the normals. The analysis of poly� morphism variability showed association of alleles HVE ≤ 35 with essential hypertension in children and adolescents.