This chapter describes a lesson that uses a software step sequencer and portable speaker to teach students how to construct rhythmic patterns (or "beats") uncomplicated by pitch, thereby learning about rhythmic values and patterns within meter. In the process of learning how to make beats, students will learn about concepts such as tempo and meter. By neglecting pitch, students can more easily grasp complex aspects of rhythm, such as individual rhythmic values (eighth note, 16th note, etc.). This is a lesson minus-one (or zero, if you prefer) because it is a pure constructivist approach to teaching drum programming. It can be used with young kids, or kids who might not have used music technology before.


Over the last five years or so both in the USA (especially by the active group at Berkeley under R. W. Clough(7) ) and the UK, there have been a number of attempts to incorporate the plane triangular element under bending and membrane action into a general matrix displacement analysis of shells. All investigators stressed the positive aspects of the triangular element, which arise from its adaptability to any geometrical form of the shell, but noted at the same time some serious shortcomings due to a partial satisfaction of the kinematic compatibility conditions at the boundary. Thus we have within the Matrix Displacement Method the rather unusual example of a type of element whose deficiency with respect to kinematic compatibility does not automatically ensure convergence to the exact result as the number of elements is increased.


Recent progress in the design of beta-hairpin peptides[1] and beta-sheet models has been based on the ability to nucleate reverse turns of the appropriate stereochemistry. D-Pro-Gly[2] and to a lesser extent Asn-Gly[3] segments have been shown to facilitate formation of type I' and II' beta-turns, which are most often found at the site of sharp polypeptide chain reversal, that is, beta-hairpins in proteins.[4, 5] The prime turns, I' and II', can exert differing influences on the relative twist of the antiparallel strands. The I' turn has the sense of twist that matches the twisting of adjacent beta-strands in proteins. In contrast, the II' turn results in a more planar arrangement with the hairpin flattening to a considerable degree.[4a,e] The D-Pro-Xxx segment can in principle adopt both II' and I' turn conformations as si (D-Pro) values of +30 deg. and –120 deg. are energetically favorable.[1a, 5]


Part 1: "Qua" relativism dialectical devices Herr Krug's pen truth ontological commitment. Part 2: categories relations functions predication non-existent entities. Part 3: Quinean poetics sets numbers the myth of closure ordered pairs. Part 4: ZF intuition the synthetic A priori artificial intelligence essence no entity without identity. Part 5: causation anti-realism love.


We present a parametric study of a nonlinear diffusion equation which generalises Leith's model of a turbulent cascade to an arbitrary cascade having a single conserved quantity. There are three stationary regimes depending on whether the Kolmogorov exponent is greater than, less than or equal to the equilibrium exponent. In the first regime, the large-scale spectrum scales with the Kolmogorov exponent. In the second regime, the large-scale spectrum scales with the equilibrium exponent so the system appears to be at equilibrium at large scales. Furthermore, in this equilibrium-like regime, the amplitude of the large-scale spectrum depends on the small-scale cut-off. This is interpreted as an analogue of cascade nonlocality. In the third regime, the equilibrium spectrum acquires a logarithmic correction. An exact analysis of the self-similar, nonstationary problem shows that time-evolving cascades have direct analogues of these three regimes.


Eight different light treatments did not affect shoot length, leaf number, or total leaf area of young 'Red Yorking' apple (Malus pumila Mill.) trees grown in a greenhouse. Dry weights of leaves and stems were suppressed by 80% shade. Net photosynthesis (Pn), dark respiration (Rd), and specific leaf weight (SLW) were higher in sun than in shade leaves and adaptations in all 3 parameters occurred as a result of changing light conditions, even after leaf expansion had ceased.


Astronomy is now approaching a new turning point in the long history of the development of instrumentation. The gradual evolution of astronomical detec tors from the human eye to photogra phic plates and then to photoelectric detectors has now reached the stage when high resolution two-dimensional detectors with nearly 100 per cent effi ciency are either available or will soon be available for all spectral wavelengths from the optical ultraviolet to the deep infrared. Coating technology which makes it possible to limit the light losses on optical surfaces is also rapidly advan cing. Nearly perfect coatings are avai lable throughout the infrared and optical regions. Soon it will no longer be possi ble to upgrade the efficiency of existing telescopes by relatively inexpensive im provements in detector or instrumenta tion technology. Additional sensitivity will then be gained only by increasing the aperture. By the late 1970s, the larger astrono mical institutions had realised this ap proaching need and had initiated studies on the construction of giant telescopes in the 10 — 25 m range. The initial blooming of innovative ideas was fol lowed by a period of costing, of search for funding, and of risk assessment. The effective work on a 16 m tele scope the "VERY LARGE TELESCOPE" project was begun at ESO in 1984. The preliminary studies took about four years and the ESO Council finally ap proved the project on 8 December, 1987.


(1.) General Description.—The instrument consists of a folding steel base, 6 feet in length, and a field glass. The base is a square tube hinged at its middle, and folds up to 3 feet 3 inches. Each half has at each end a doubly reflecting prism. The rays of light from a distant object strike the outer pair of these four prisms, are reflected at right angles along each tube, and are then reflected at the two middle prisms into the two telescopes of the binocular fixed to the base, in directions parallel to the original rays, intercepted by the outer prisms. It is the measurement of the angle between these rays that tells the distance of the object looked at. This angle is measured by two vertical lines, one in each telescope, seen by the two eyes. One of the lines is fixed, the other moved by a micrometer screw until the two lines appear as one, while the object is seen distinctly.


Present chemists are more interested to develop eco-friendly, simple, efficient and economic approach methods as an important tool for many synthetic transformations, which employ various natural feedstock extracts,
which are well known for their non-hazardousness, no usage of any external base and replace many organic and inorganic
based catalysts. At present literature reported so many homogenous catalytic approaches, which follow green chemistry
principle established for various organic transformations catalyzed by WERSA, BFE, WEPPA, WEMFSA, WEMPA, Eichhorniacrassipes. 2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives represents as prominent molecules with wide variety of applications
showed in biological activities and in material science. In the present study, an agro-waste sourced catalytic media Banana
Peel Ash Extract (BPAE) established for the green method synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives at chromatographically pure form promoted by ultrasound at room temperature condition is described. BPAE stands as a low cost, abundantly
available, natural feedstock extract. Selected derivatives were screened for the antimicrobial studies and showed comparable
activity to the reference drug used.

 The agro-waste sourced from banana peel is utilized for the preparation of BPAE catalyst, which is employed for
the synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives under ultrasound waves at room temperature.

2-aryl benzimidazoles obtained through reaction of substituted o-phenylene diamine with substituted benzoyl choride catalyzed by BPAE under ultrasound waves at room temperature. BPAE catalyst is characterized by flame emission
spectrometry, SEM-EDX and XRD techniques.

 An eco-friendly, sustainable and novel approach for the synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazoles using natural feedstock BPAE. The major merits of using BPAE are agro-waste derived catalyst, abundant availability, faster reaction, simple
work-up and no usage of column chromatography.


Rheumatologic disorders and inflammatory bowel disease can affect women of childbearing potential. Golimumab (GLM) is approved for several rheumatological indications and ulcerative colitis (UC). To characterise pregnancy outcomes in patients treated with GLM, data obtained from maternal exposure to GLM are presented.

 These dataset includes individual patient cases reported to the manufacturer through 06 April 2019. Cases included in the analysis were medically confirmed cases of maternal exposures to GLM during pregnancy or within 3 months prior to conception, and a reported pregnancy outcome. Both prospectively reported (ie, pregnancy outcome not known when first reported) and retrospectively reported cases (ie, pregnancy outcome known when first reported) were included. Cases originated from various sources, including spontaneous reporting, clinical studies, and registries.

 Two hundred eight pregnancy cases (131 rheumatological; 43 UC; and 34 other) with 211 reported birth outcomes were identified. Three cases reported twin pregnancies. Of the 208 pregnancy cases, 119 were prospective and 89 were retrospective (Table 1). Average maternal age was 31.9 years. Of the 119 prospectively reported pregnancy cases, 89 (74.8%) resulted in live births, 19 (16.0%) resulted in spontaneous abortion (of these, 42.1% (8/19) received GLM in combination with methotrexate [MTX]), 10 (8.4%) resulted in induced/elective abortion, and 1 (0.8%) resulted in ectopic pregnancy. Overall, 9 congenital anomalies were reported (2 prospective/7 retrospective cases).

 For 183 of the 208 pregnancy cases with-reported outcomes, the trimester of exposure to GLM was known (Table 2). Among the 110 prospectively reported cases, 82 (74.5%) were exposed during trimester 0 or 1. Of these, 19 had concomitant exposure to MTX, with the following birth outcomes: 8 live births, 8 spontaneous abortions, 3 elective/induced abortions. Eighteen of the prospectively reported cases (16.4%) were exposed to GLM throughout pregnancy (first, second and third trimester) and all resulted in live births.

 The rates of congenital malformations and spontaneous abortions were consistent with published background rates for the general population. Persistent exposure throughout pregnancy was rare, but not associated with apparent clinical sequelae. Limitations of this analysis include the lack of a direct comparison group, the variable amount of data available in the reports, and the possible bias towards reporting more negative outcomes in retrospective cases.


(57) Abstract: Method for densifying antiferroelectric dielectric material includes the steps of generating a mixture thereof by adding a compound containing lithium in the dielectric material. Thereafter, the mixture is densified is heated for a predetermined time at a temperature not higher than about 1100 ° C.. It lithium compound is lithium salt, and the dielectric material is preferably made of PLZT composition.


Poly(vinyl chloride) of low molecular weight (the fraction extracted with a hexane/acetone mixture (vol.-ratio 3:2)) was substituted by hydroxyphenyl groups and then analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. It was established that the 1H NMR spectra of hydroxyphenyl substituted poly(vinyl chloride) prepared by removal of HCl, allows to determine the number of unsaturated end groups and to distinguish between the structures CHClCH2CHCHCH2Cl and CH2CHClCHCHCH2Cl, and even between their trans and cis forms. In addition the 1H NMR spectra of hydroxyphenyl substituted poly(vinyl chloride) prepared without removal of HCl allow to determine the total number of unsaturated end groups.


T he paper presents adaptive algorithms for a class of chemical reactors. Effective control of technological plants remains a key concern of chemical and biochemical industry because of the high energy and material consumption and of the risk of breakdowns and outbreaks. Since chemical reactors are known to be characterised by a strong non-linear function of reaction temperature, conventional Pl/PID control is often insufficient. Four single-input single-output algorithms of two different adaptive principles were applied to control a class of chemical reactors. The control objectives are prespecified in such a form that the closed-loop stability and the pole-assignment are achieved. The performance of control behaviour is evaluated and properties of control systems are compared. Simulation results on chemical reactors are presented to demonstrate the flexibility, simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.


To achieve a squarewave output from a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) without analog signal processing, the lower order bits in the DDS accumulator are used to properly position the rising and falling edges of the accumulator most significant bit (MSB). A digital technique called "time filtering" is proposed to individually manipulate each rising and falling edge on the accumulator MSB. This technique is shown to achieve the design goals. Design parameters necessary to meet spurious suppression requirements are presented.


Impacts of climate change vary from region to region. The 4th Assessment Report of the IPCC mentions that drier areas will be affected by more droughts and that the rainfall regime, in general, will become "rougher". In West Africa, specifically the area below the Sahel, the climate change signal may be more subtle. Anecdotal evidence from farmers suggest that the onset of the rainy season has been shifting forward in time over the past two generations. Recently, detailed atmospheric modeling over the region (Jung and Kunstmann, 2008) shows that also in the near future, the onset of the rainy season will shift to later in the year, roughly from April towards May. The end of the rainy season as well as the total amount of rainfall will remain more or less fixed. This implies that adaptation strategies should be twofold. The first part of a comprehensive adaptation strategy would be a continuation of the efforts to produce faster growing rainfed crop cultivars, mainly corn and sorghum. The second part would consist of increased water storage during the wet season for use in the dry season. River runoff in West Africa is very sensitive to the rainfall distribution. When the same amount of rain falls within a shorter period, as is suggested by climate projections, runoff will show an important increase. Also the recharge of groundwater will improve under these circumstances. Storage of surface runoff in small reservoirs would be an important part of climate change adaptation. Extensive use of (shallow) groundwater in the dry season could be a second, highly complimentary adaptation strategy. The development of large dams would probably be less successful given the flatness of the landscape and the move towards decentralized development in most West African countries. Shortening of the rainy season will reduce rainfed agriculture, which is the dominant mode of food production in the region. Use of surface and groundwater in the dry season may partially offset this negative effect. Success of any of these adaptation strategies will to a large extent depend on institutional and socio-economic developments within the region.


Two texts reflect on nature and the human relation to land as characterized by the mimicry of nature in museum dioramas and reflected in several of Kelly's installations. The representational strategies of the panorama and diorama are discussed. Biographical notes. 49 bibl. ref.


In recent years there has been considerable debate in the UK about the impact and value of educational research. At the same time, the Teacher Training Agency (TTA), the body with responsibility for funding teacher education in England, has been keen to promote the idea of teaching as an evidence-based profession. This paper analyses the findings of a TTA questionnaire, designed to investigate teachers' views on research (which projects had previously influenced them and which issues they would like to see researched in the future) and the value they attributed to it. The findings point to the need for the concerns of teachers to be given greater weight when research agendas are set and funding allocated, but they also suggest that if research is to influence classroom practice, then it is vital that teachers are again given extended opportunities for further professional study alongside those who are conducting research.


DISCLAIMER
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

PURPOSE
To address gender inequality, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) created a steering committee that recommended the collection of baseline and ongoing metrics of pharmacy leadership. The purpose of this study was to quantify gender inequality in distributions of residency program director (RPD) and director of pharmacy (DOP) positions and to investigate gender distributions among recipients of ASHP professional leadership awards.

METHODS
RPD and DOP information for postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) programs included in the online ASHP Residency directory were collected in December of 2020. Publicly available records were used to collect information on recipients of the Harvey A.K. Whitney Award and John W. Webb Award during the periods 1950-2020 and 1985-2020, respectively. Gender information for RPDs, DOPs, and award recipients was collected from listed pronouns available in public records. A χ 2 test was used for analysis of the collected data.

RESULTS
A total of 1,176 PGY1 residency programs were included. Of the RPD positions assessed, 66% (n = 775) were filled by women pharmacists (P < 0.0001), while the percentage of DOP leadership positions held by women was 42% (n = 496) (P < 0.0001). Evaluation of data on recipients of the Harvey A.K. Whitney Award and John W. Webb Award revealed the occurrence of female recipients is 19.7% (n = 14) and 16.7% (n = 6), respectively (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION
RPD positions have a higher prevalence of being filled by women. DOP positions remain male-dominated and revealed gender inequality among senior-level leadership roles. Pharmacy leadership award analysis identified further gender inequality. The results from the study serve as a baseline of current gender metrics for pharmacy leaderships in hospital systems with PGY1 residency programs.


PART ONE: NONRESIDENT PARENTS: WHO ARE THEY? Perspectives on Nonresidential Parenting - James H Bray and Charlene E Depner Marital Disruption and Nonresidential Parenting - Rebecca del Carmen and Gabrielle N Virgo A Multicultural Perspective Parental Role Reversal - Charlene E Depner Mothers as Nonresidential Parents PART TWO: USING SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH IN POLICY AND PRACTICE The Economics of Parenting Apart - Jay D Teachman and Kathleen Paasch A Social Exchange Model of Noncustodial Parent Involvement - Sanford L Braver et al Children of Divorce Who Refuse Visitation - Janet R Johnston Developing and Implementing Post-Divorce Parenting Plans - Joan B Kelly Does The Forum Make a Difference? Nonresidential Parent-Child Relationships Following Divorce and Remarriage - James H Bray and Sandra H Berger A Longitudinal Perspective Nonresidential Parenting - Charlene E Depner and James H Bray Multidimensional Approaches in Research, Policy, and Practice


Ten isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum were selected for its survival after heating. Two isolates which showed the highest survival rate were then encapsulated with skim milk, Arabic gum and mixtured of skim milk - Arabic gum. The probiotic cultures were prepared in the form of suspension and biomass and then spray dried. Survival of the probiotic  encapsulated in the  form of biomass after spray drying, and the viability after one month of storage at room temperature were higher than the suspension. It was found that the survival of probiotic bacteria in different encapsulation materials varied after spray drying. The number of probiotic survivals decreased after spray drying for all encapsulation materials tested ranged from less than 1 log cycle to 2 log cycles. Encapsulation of probiotic with three types combination of encapsulating materials showed that no significant difference of survivals after spray drying and viability after one month of storage were observed. The remained number of the probiotic after one month of storage at 4 o C and room temperature was 10 4 -10 7 cfu/gand 10 2 -10 5 cfu/g, respectively. (Animal Production 10(3): 179-187 (2008) Key Words: Encapsulation, probiotic, skim milk, Arabic gum


When studying a large number of steel grinding balls, which were destroyed in the course of delivery tests, an atypical structure of the balls' central zone was detected. Namely, the presence of sites with the martensitic structure, while the main troostite structure was preserved. The balls were manufactured using the cross rolling technology. We studied the structure of the destroyed balls, as well as the composition and the structure of continuous cast billets, from which the balls were manufactured.


Metaphor is always a subject of central interest in the study of stylistics. But traditional stylistics has long focused only on lexical metaphor whereas systemic functional linguistics seldom extends to the stylistic function of grammatical metaphor, a term derived from the notion that" the form of the grammar relates naturally to the meanings that are being encoded" (Halliday 1994: xvii). This paper seeks to go beyond and explore the stylistic value of grammatical metaphor. In functional stylistics, style is defined as a kind of prominence by systemically deviating the norms of the standard language. A natural corollary is that grammatical metaphor, as a systemic deviation of the"congruent" lexi-cogrammatical forms, is of a certain stylistic value. Given such a working hypothesis, this paper first conducts a statistic analysis of the distribution of ideational, interpersonal and textual metaphors in 10 EST (English for science and technology) texts and 10 ENR (English news report) texts. The results reveal that the "incongruity" and "deflection" distribution patterns of grammatical metaphor are important criteria to differentiate one style from another.
This paper proceeds to explore some properties of grammatical metaphor as a stylistic feature, including relativity, dynamism and fuzziness. In systemic functional linguistics, grammatical metaphor is defined in terms of "congruent" forms, which are in turn defined in the three interrelated time frames of semogenesis: phylogenesis, ontogenesis and logogenesis. This suggests that congruent forms are relative, dynamic and fuzzy by definition and consequently that semogenesis is a process of metaphoricalization and demetaphoricalization. Now it may be rather difficult or even impossible to reconstruct the congruent counterparts for some metaphorical expressions. But this does not necessarily hinder the speaker/writer from using grammatical metaphor to achieve the desired stylistic effect. Given a more comprehensive statistic study of a larger corpus, we may have a better understanding of the stylistic value of grammatical metaphor and in turn a better understanding of the nature of style and a more solid prediction of the trend of language development.


The cognitive radio (CR) is a modern technology in cognitive radio-Internet of things (CR-IoT) networks. In contrast, each CR-IoT user is unable to achieve both a better sensing gain, and an enhanced system sum rate in conventional energy detection technique based CR-IoT networks with the present energy harvesting (EH) and security threats due to under-utilized the reporting framework. For this reason, we proposed EH-enabled CR-IoT networks using machine learning (ML) algorithms in which each normal CR-IoT user is assisted by finite capacity battery systems and energy harvested. In this paper, Firstly, the proposed hybrid detection technique based on EH-enabled CR-IoT networks using ML algorithms is separating the trusted (normal) and untrusted (malicious users) CR-IoT users where all untrusted CR-IoT users are not participating in spectrum sensing due to they degraded the performance like sensing gain and system sum rate; Secondly, the proposed scheme is utilized the reporting framework where only trusted CR-IoT users are obtained longer sensing time slot which enhanced the sensing gain, the EH, and the sum rate; and Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed hybrid scheme outperformed the conventional schemes in terms of security, sensing gain, EH, and system sum rate.


Ever since World War II, the slightest sign of nationalism in Japan has been widely denounced, at home and abroad. Recently, however, discussions that were once taboo -- including whether to rearm or even develop nuclear weapons -- have moved into the Japanese mainstream. Yet the country's critics need not be alarmed; a little healthy nationalism may be just what Japan, with its faltering economy, needs most.


About half of bridges in United States are considered to be deficient and therefore are in need of repair or replacement. Half of these are functionally obsolete, and others do not have required strength For these bridges repairs and replacements are needed To avoid the high cost of rehabilitation the bridge rating must corectly report the present load-carrying capacity Rating engineers use Allowable Stress Design(ASD) Load Factor Design(LFD), and Load Resistance Factor Design(LRFD) to evaluate the bridge load carrying capacity In this paper the load rating methods are introduced and bridge load test data are collected. The reasons that make the difference between test results and analytical results are explained for each bridge load test And load rating methods are applied to real bridge. The rating factors from each method are compared.


The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a brake drum. The manufacturing method mainly comprises the following steps: respectively manufacturing an upper mould shell model, a lower mould shell model and a sprue cup shell model on a core shooting machine, then assembling to form an integral film-coated sand shell model; placing a sand box on a ramming platform; putting dried sand into the sand box, and ramming to form a bottom sand layer; placing the assembled film-coated sand shell model into the sand box, putting the dried sand into the sand box, and ramming; coating a back film, vacuumizing; and pouring, releasing a negative pressure, opening the box, drawing and removing a casting head of a casting of the brake drum. The manufacturing method achieves the characteristic of combining advantages of two processes by combining a V-method casting process and a film-coated sand shell model casting process.


How urban was industrial activity in 1871, when only one in five Canadians lived in incorporated cities, towns or villages? This paper explores central Canada's urban-industrial system at a time of transition in industrial technology, business organization and work discipline. Based on analysis of the manuscript schedules of the First Census of Canada made machine-readable by the CANIND71 project, the article has three main parts. First, the whole urban-industrial system is described, using a classification that combines measures of the significance of industrial work in each place and of specialization in particular sectors with the population size of urban centres. Next, a typology of industrial workplaces is presented, combining measures of the number of workers with the extent to which non-manual power was used in the industrial process. Patterns of industry within urban places (especially Trois-Rivieres and Guelph) are examined in order to assess factors such as rail and water transport, types of power, scale of process and size of output, and types of workplace and workforce. The authors propose questions and directions for further research on industry in Canada's urban centres.


The data from the National Crash Severity Study (NCSS) were used to investigate the relationship between occupant injury severity and associated crash conditions. Models that predict an individual's probability of severe injury are presented for side and front impacts. The most important variables in predicting injury severity were found to be Delta V (a measure of crash severity) and occupant age. Although the overall predictive capability of the injury severity models was good, the proportion of correct prediction of cases with severe injury was low. Model mispredictions were analyzed to characterize specific injuries for which the assigned levels of severity were inconsistent with the models.


This paper explores augmented reality as a set of technologies and processes to weave hyper medial content into printed publications thus fostering new educational practices. In particular this paper focuses on augmented reality as a bridge to extend traditional hyper mediality to paper-based educational tools, analyzing a book recently released by the Italian publisher Fake Press as a case study. The book addresses the concept of remix as a political and educational practice and is based on an extensive use of QR codes and fiduciary markers that act as triggers to retrieve and show additional content published by both authors and readers through an open CMS (Content Management System). The QR codes and the fiduciary markers work as gates to hyper medial remixes that extend the limits of traditional educational text books.


Using self-root seedlings as the control,the effects of different grafting methods on the growth characteristics of cucumber seedlings were studied with "Tielizhen F1" as the stock and "Xintaimici" as the scion,and by 4 kinds of grafting methods(approach grafting,cleft grafting,cuttage grafting and modified cuttage grafting).The results showed that the survival rate of modified cuttage grafting was the highest,and that of the approach grafting was in the second,while that of the cleft grafting was the lowest.The plant height,stem diameter,maximum leaf area,maximum lateral root length,root activity,chlorophyll content and photosynthesis of the grafted cucumber seedlings were superior to self-root seedlings.The approach grafting seedlings were significantly higher than others in all indexes,but there was no obvious difference between the modified cuttage grafting seedlings and cuttage grafting seedlings.Grafting could promote the growth of the cucumber seedlings,and increase the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate.


Children and youth, their social roles and relevance for politics, and their education and socialization in modern societies are recently undergoing a huge increase of interest in both media and research.1 The book under review takes up some of these issues and focuses on a hitherto rather neglected region by asking what is going on with East European youth. Why is there no upheaval against the establishment, against parents and the government, against growing inequality, unemployment, omnipresent nationalism, and discrimination? Why do Russian teenagers admire the authoritarian, reactionary regime headed by Vladimir Putin?2 In (Western) discourses, youth is always connected with the new, the fresh, the innovative. But it seems that East European, especially Russian and Ukrainian, youth have decided to take the other side: "We see young adults acting as agents of political mainstream and civil affairs rather than a generation of youth that


Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects a number of epithelial-lined organs, the most important being the lungs, responsible for the majority of the morbidity in this disease and eventually the usual cause of death from respiratory failure. This lung disease results from impaired airway defence against infection; bacterial colonization usually occurs in childhood and progresses to episodes of overt infection and subsequent lung damage. The CF gene is present on the long arm of chromosome 7 and was cloned in 19891. The protein coded for, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), functions as a chloride channel in the apical membrane of respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells. Elevation of the second messenger cAMP within the cell results in opening of the channel to allow chloride secretion from the cell on to the mucosal surface. Water will follow this chloride movement by osmosis, and this provides a means by which this surface can be hydrated. In turn this is likely to be important in the airways in the process of mucociliary clearance. Thus, inhaled particles and bacteria are removed from the airways by the synchronized beating of cilia on the mucosal surface of the epithelial cells. These cilia beat in a thin fluid layer which allows for maximal efficiency of this process. Chloride secretion is likely to provide an important contribution to this layer. Patients with CF mutations in the CFTR gene have reduced or absent cAMP-mediated chloride secretion in all affected organs including the airways2. This is because the abnormal protein is either mislocalized, never reaching the mucosal surface, or it does reach its intended target but functions with markedly reduced efficiency. The likely net result is that water movement is also reduced leading to a suboptimal periciliary layer in the airways. In turn this will result in impaired mucociliary clearance, reduced clearance of bacteria and the resulting repeated infections which predispose to lung damage. Sodium absorption from the airway surface is also abnormal in these patients, being increased 2-3 fold. The link between the former basic defect and the secondary sodium abnormality is presently unclear. However, since water will again follow the sodium movement, this second abnormality will also tend to dehydrate the airway surface liquid exacerbating the problem.


The adsorption of a series of aromatic hydrocarbons from solution in saturated hydrocarbons on hydroxylated and dehydroxylated silica surface has been investigated. Dehydroxylation of silica surface sharply diminishes the adsorption of aromatic hydrocarbons. Since the molecules of aromatic hydrocarbons on the hydroxylated silica are oriented parallel to the surface, the influence on adsorption of the size of molecules at the same orientation was investigated and distribution functions for several systems were determined. The equilibrium constants and the activity coefficients of surface benzene + n-hexane phases on hydroxylated and dehydroxylated silica and on graphitized carbon black surfaces have been calculated.


The development of new and better implant materials adapted to osteoporotic bone is still urgently required. Therefore, osteoporotic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (M3 mAChR) knockout (KO) and corresponding wild type (WT) mice underwent osteotomy in the distal femoral metaphysis. Fracture gaps were filled with a pasty α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP)-based hydroxyapatite (HA)-forming bone cement containing mesoporous bioactive CaP-SiO2 glass particles (cement/MBG composite) with or without Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and healing was analyzed after 35 days. Histologically, bone formation was significantly increased in WT mice that received the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite compared to control WT mice without BDNF. Cement/MBG composite without BDNF increased bone formation in M3 mAChR KO mice compared to equally treated WT mice. Mass spectrometric imaging showed that the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite implanted in M3 mAChR KO mice was infiltrated by newly formed tissue. Leukocyte numbers were significantly lower in M3 mAChR KO mice treated with BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite compared to controls without BDNF. C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were significantly lower in M3 mAChR KO mice that received the cement/MBG composite without BDNF when compared to WT mice treated the same. Whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations in callus were significantly increased in M3 mAChR KO mice, ALP activity was significantly higher in WT mice. Due to a stronger effect of BDNF in non osteoporotic mice, higher BDNF concentrations might be needed for osteoporotic fracture healing. Nevertheless, the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite promoted fracture healing in non osteoporotic bone.


Intermittent caloric restriction has the potential for improving metabolic and cardiovascular markers in rodents and humans, as well as longevity (in rodents). Furthermore, an intermittent caloric restriction regime that mimics prolonged fasting (fasting mimicking diet, FMD) has been linked to proliferation of β-cells in diabetic mice. Aim of the study was to assess the effect of FMD in female C57BL/6J mice on glucose tolerance, body and organ weight, measured at the end of the fasting and at the end of the refeeding period. We administered three weekly cycles of FMD (1st day 50%-, 2nd-3rd day 10% of daily calorie intake) followed by 4 days of refeeding ad libitum after every cycle to 20 mice at 12 weeks of age. In the second FMD cycle an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT) was performed either after fasting or after the 3rd refeeding day. Control animals (n=10) were fed a standard chow ad libitum. Animals were sacrificed and tissues collected after the 3rd FMD cycle, precisely 7 days after the IGTT. Compared to controls, FMD animals weighed less after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd cycle (mean differences ±SE (%): 18.9±1.8, 17.2±1.8, 15.1±1.8; p Disclosure C. Harer: None. J. Krstic: None. P. Kotzbeck: None. C. Karacay: None. A. Prokesch: None. T. Pieber: Advisory Panel; Self; ADOCIA, Arecor, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk A/S. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S, Roche Diagnostics K.K.


In old video restoration, automatic detection of common defects, e.g., scratches and blotches, has always been emphasized. While prior thoughts mainly focus on detecting blotches and linear, vertical scratches separately, this paper contributes to a more generalized and challenging issue: simultaneous detection of blotches and complex scratches in video, with much less knowledge of them. We investigate the characteristics of blotches and scratches in space and time domain, and propose a novel detection method based on two main steps: cartoon-texture decomposition in the space domain and content-defect separation in the time domain. We then formulate it into convex optimization problems and develop corresponding algorithms. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method is of high detection accuracy, verifying the effectiveness of our detection via a video decomposition method.


Ion Cyclotron Resonance of Frequencies (ICRF) boronization has been successfully tested on HT-7 Superconducting Tokamak, which is the first try on tokamak. The new technique has demonstrated itself a highly efficient, fast and easily controllable method for the future large device, especially for the superconducting tokamak. The nontoxic and non-explosive carborane powder was used as boronization material. The pulsed RF plasma was produced by 20 kW ICRF generator. High- energy particles cracked the carborane molecules and the ions hit and penetrated deep into the first wall. Comparing to the previous boronization by helium glow discharge cleaning, ICRF boronization shows much better film properties, such as higher ratio of boron to carbon, better uniformity of the film and longer lifetime. Plasma performance has been improved after boronization. The new technique could be used for in-time control of wall conditioning for long pulse length of plasma discharge on large tokamak between shots.


Background: Halitosis associated with periodontitis shelters specific periodontal pathogens, especially at sites such as periodontal pockets and the dorsal surface of the tongue; antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has shown an antimicrobial effect against them. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 participants with a clinical diagnosis of halitosis and stage II grade B periodontitis were divided into two groups. Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus aPDT was given to one group of 12 patients (group I), while SRP alone was performed in another. aPDT was performed using a 660 nm diode laser, in continuous contact mode. Clinical parameters such as halitosis score, plaque index, and probing depth were measured. Subgingival plaque samples were collected on 0, 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after treatment for microbiological analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Treponema denticola using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Both groups have shown improvements in all clinical parameters, and statistically significant results were observed in group I compared with group II with a P < 0.05 from 0 day to 14 days. Conclusion: Within the scope of this study, the results have shown improvement in halitosis from a single sitting of aPDT, for a shorter duration and it can be recommended as adjunctive management for halitosis in patients with periodontal pockets.


Simultaneous dual-wavelength interferometry (SDWI) could extend the measured range of each single-wavelength interferometry. The moiré fringe generated in SDWI indirectly represents the information of the measured long synthetic-wavelength ( λ S ) phase, thus the phase demodulation is rather arduous. To address this issue, we present a method to convert the moiré fringe pattern into a synthetic-wavelength interferogram (moiré to synthetic-wavelength, MTS). After the square of the moiré fringe pattern in the MTS method, the additive moiré pattern is turned into a multiplicative one. And the synthetic-wavelength interferogram could be obtained by a low-pass filtering in spectrum of the multiplicative moiré fringe pattern. Therefore, when the dual-wavelength interferometer is implemented with the π/2 phase shift at λ S , a sequence of synthetic-wavelength phase-shift interferograms with π/2 phase shift could be obtained after the MTS method processing on the captured moiré fringe patterns. And then the synthetic-wavelength phase could be retrieved by the conventional phase-shift algorithm. Compared with other methods in SDWI, the proposed MTS approach could reduce the restriction of the phase shift and frame numbers for the adoption of the conventional phase-shift algorithm. Following, numerical simulations are executed to evaluate the performance of the MTS method in processing time, frames of interferograms and the phase shift error compensation. And the necessary linear carrier for MTS method is less than 0.11 times of the traditional dual-wavelength spatial-domain Fourier transform method. Finally, the deviations for MTS method in experiment are 0.97% for a step with the height of 7.8 μm and 1.11% for a Fresnel lens with the step height of 6.2328 μm.


Air pollution both indoors and outdoors is a major cause of various diseases and premature deaths. Negative health effects are more frequently observed in a number of European countries characterized by significant pollution. In Poland, especially in Upper Silesia, the most serious problem is the high concentration of particulate matter (PM) and PM10-bound benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The main source of these two pollutants is so-called "low emissions" associated with the burning of solid fuels mainly in domestic boilers and liquid fuels in road traffic. This study examined the variability in the PM and PM10-bound B[a]P concentrations and their relationships with meteorological parameters, i.e., atmospheric pressure, air temperature and wind speed, in 2018–2021 at 11 monitoring stations. In many Silesian cities, the average annual concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and B[a]P were much higher than those recorded in other European countries. At each station, the average daily PM10 concentrations were exceeded on 12 to 126 days a year. Taking into account the WHO recommendation for PM2.5, the highest recorded average daily concentration exceeded the permissible level by almost 40 times. The same relationships were observed in all measurement years: PM10 concentrations were negatively correlated with air temperature (R = −0.386) and wind speed (R = −0.614). The highest concentrations were observed in the temperature range from −15 °C to −5 °C, when the wind speed did not exceed 0.5 m·s−1. The calculated lifetime cancer risk (LCR) associated with the exposure to B[a]P in the Silesian Voivodeship suggested 30–429 cases per 1 million people in the heating season depending on the scenario used for the calculations (IRIS, EPA or WHO).


This paper presents the results of a program sponsored by N ADC for NASC to develop an ultrasonic surface wa~e technique for detection of small flaws, <100 11m (< 0.004 inch), in gas turbine quality ceramics. A 45 ~Hz ultraso?Ic surface wave inspection technique is described, which employs immersion. ~canni~ ~d C-sc~~ recordm.g. Inspection results are presented using this technique on specimens of hot pressed Silicon mtr1de an~ Silicon carbide, from t:ovo sources each, and reaction bonded silicon nitride. Results are also presented of four-pomt-bend tests and scann~ng electron micrography, which were used to identify defect sizes and types ~d ~o corre.late flexural strength Wl~h inspection results. The flexural strength is shown to correlate, at least qualitatively, w1th the extent of ultrasomc response from machining damage. The sensitivity to individual defects is shown to be limited primarily by the extent of machining damage and the spot size of the ultrasonic beam.


What is the function of the University in our days is one of the questions that those of us who dedicate ourselves to it should ask ourselves. The transfer of knowledge emerges as the third mission of the academy that must promote change and social development in the society. This paper aims to analyze the meaning of transfer in Social Sciences and, more specifically, in Communication Sciences, based on the experience of the 2018 transfer six-year call, and what happens in other disciplines. The contributions of the university community in terms of transfer remain in a distant position with respect to other countries of the Spanish environment. Only approximately 1% of international patents come from Spanish research. This gap between the two spheres highlights the need to encourage the transfer of knowledge as the third helix of an interactive and dynamic university model in dialogue with institutions and social agents.


We investigate hierarchical structure in various complex systems according to Minimum Spanning Tree methods. Firstly, we investigate stock markets where the graphis obtained from the matrix of correlations coefficient computed between all pairs of assets by considering the synchronous time evolution of the difference of the logarithm of daily stock price. The hierarchical tree provides information useful to investigate the number and nature of economic factors that have associated a meaningful economic taxonomy. We continue to use this method in social systems (sport, political parties and pharmacy) to investigate collective effects and detect how single element of the system influences on the other ones. The level of correlations and Minimum Spanning Trees in various complex systems is also discussed.


Carbon-14 and tritium in ground level air were measured in Helsinki, Finland, between 29 April and 19 May, 1986. The existence of these nuclides in the air could be observed only during the first two days of sampling, shortly after the radioactive particles had been carried by air currents to Finland. The maximum concentration of 1 4 C in the air was measured to be 30 times higher than the normal background level and that of 3 H a hundred times higher. The short-term occurrence of these nuclides in air has not increased the normal activity levels of these radionuclides in plants, rainwater or surface water.


Huckleberries are major components of the understory vegetation in coniferous Pacific Northwest forests of the United States. Vaccinium species also have a long history of human use. However, little research has been done to ascertain how they respond to common forest management practices. We used data obtained from old-growth, young thinned, and young unthinned Douglas-fir stands in western Oregon to evaluate how forest management could potentially influence species abundance and product supply. Our analysis focused on three species: Vaccinium ovatum, V. parvifolium,and V. membranaceum. Results were variable, but indicate that overstory stand conditions and forest management can affect huckleberry species abundance. However, to assess fully the effects of forest management on these species, studies specifically designed to target areas where people harvest these products are needed. Measuring relevant product attributes such as commercial productivity is also critical.


The present invention is a wireless sensor network communication method using the infrared and radio frequency communications, and relates to an apparatus, a wireless sensor network of the present invention the communication device, wherein the wake wake up from standby neighboring via infrared signal node i node to the sensor from the first communication unit, waking the neighboring via a radio frequency signal I node and a second communication unit, and a stand-by state when the operation start signal is receiving the infrared signal through the first communication unit for transmitting and receiving the sensor data, for transmitting and receiving data waking up the first communication and the second communication unit of when the sensor data is received via any one waking wherein the standby neighboring via a first communication node for transmitting the received sensor data to the destination node, the first communication and around the minimum through any one of the second communication unit To consume a treatment for a wireless node transmitting the sensor data, and therefore, may implement a wireless sensor network communication more low power compared to carry out the communication by radio frequency communications. Sensor network, a wireless sensor network, the sensor node, an infrared communication


In keeping with the new era of information and ecology, the urgent mission of the architect is how to provide the latest green house information and some of the practices and relevant hands-on experiences for the public. In 2012, the Museum of Science and Industry of Chicago built a green house in its yard. The green house exhibition-Smart Home: Green + Wired highlights the importance of environmentally friendly effort. The exhibition intents to present for residents and visitors on how green house could help improve the environment as well as save money. The exhibition also focuses on the purpose of working together: the academia of architecture, the industrial companies and the public, trying to conserve and protect Chicago for future generations. Furthermore, with the introduction of Smart Home, this essay aims to inspire the deeper thinking about popularity of green architecture in China.


Developing countries often have access to limited energy resources, which frequently results in power cuts and failures. During these power cuts, enterprises rely on backup sources for power such as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and electric generators. This paper proposes AnywareDC, an architecture that builds on the recent work on Anyware to reduce energy utilization in the presence of such intermittent power supplies. Anyware reduces energy usage by providing enterprise users laptops instead of desktops, while maintaining performance using a central compute cluster. Our basic insight is that in the presence of power cuts, only the routers and the cluster needs to be provided power: the laptops can continue to run on their own batteries. This reduces both energy usage and UPS load allowing it to supply power for longer, thus also saving generator fuel costs. Simulations show that this architecture reduces energy usage by up to 80% compared to one not using Anyware, and by up to 20% compared to Anyware.


In-Text Citation: (Yusof et al., 2021) To Cite this Article: Yusof, F. H. binti M., Bakar, S. Z. S. binti A., Amat, D. W. binti, Othman, D. binti, Sumery, Z. binti, Sarijari, H. binti, & Qomariyah, A. (2021). ESL Teaching: Preferences on The Use of E-Learning Apps in Maximising Effective Teaching and Learning Experiences for Open and Distance Learning (ODL). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(6), 1123–1139.


Forty species of Dytiscidae, three species of Haliplidae, and one species of Noteridae were collected from 54 sampling stations in Armenia during an excursion from the end of April to beginning of June, 2001. Fourteen species of Dytiscidae and two species of Haliplidae are recorded from Armenia for the first time. In accordance with the present study and literature data the list of Armenian aquatic Adephaga contains 65 species of Dytiscidae, seven species of Gyrinidae, five species of Haliplidae, and one species of Noteridae.


Introduce the process design program and design procedure of ASPEN PLUS. In the process of offgas absorption process simulation, the application of ASPEN PLUS methods and process simulation steps are introduced.


The necessity of wireless sensor networks comes with the wide ranges of important applications that collect and process information from the physical world. In a similar way, cloud computing is needed in the distributed resource sharing. Integrating wireless sensor networks with cloud computing, which enables the sharing of the sensor resources, brings a new technology called Sensor-Cloud. Combining the data of sensor applications with web-based virtual communities is very beneficial in various important domains such as health and environment. The sensor data needs more capability for the analysis. Cloud computing can be combined with the wireless sensor network in many applications. Using cloud computing to form wireless sensor networks of several application as one virtual sensor network is a new trend in computing. This makes it easier to share and analyze real time sensor data. However, Sensor-Cloud needs to be energy-efficient, because the sensor battery life is limited. In this paper, we provided a survey on Sensor-Cloud. The major issues and challenges when designing Sensor-Cloud infrastructure have been addressed. In addition, an analysis of various energy-efficient scheduling approaches has been provided.


The G.A.A. was founded as a consequence of an article, 'A word about Irish athletics', that appeared in United Ireland on 11 October 1884. The writer, almost certainly Michael Cusack, a Dublin teacher, bewailed the fact that traditional Irish games had been abandoned because of English rule : 'the hated and hitherto dominant race drove the Irish people from their trysting places at the cross-roads and hurling-fields back to their cabins'; the Irish had become effete, pursuing fripperies and fashion, or, if they still practised athletics, did so under the control of an alien English Amateur Athletic Association where the main objective was to degrade the Irish by forcing them to compete in, and be defeated at, sports unfamiliar to them. The remedy was for 'the Irish people to take the management of their games into their own hands'.


Trapped ultra-cold atom experiments provide a unique opportunity to understand Bose-Fermi superfluid mixtures occurring in contrasting areas of physics. At present there are several atom-trap experiments that could potentially explore this superfluid-mixture regime, thus warranting a detailed understanding of the occurrence and stability of various possible thermodynamic phases in the mixture. In the present work, we therefore construct the finite temperature phase diagram of an interacting atomic mixture of Bose and Fermi superfluids. Our study reveals a unique region of phase space, where the BCS instability of the Fermi surface coincides with dynamical instability of the homogeneous mixture towards phase separation through a first-order transition. We illustrate how this intriguing interplay manifests in a trapped configuration, thereby providing important constraints for observing superfluidity in experiments.


In this paper, a theory of intramolecular distributions for polyatomic molecules is presented. This approach has been found to be of great value in calculating radiative and nonradiative transitions. The intramolecular distributions (ID) are introduced by the aid of generating functions which incorporate typical molecular effects such as electronic origin and force constant shifts, and mode mixing. For some special cases, the main properties of multidimensional intramolecular distributions, which involve the effect of the density of final and initial states, are formulated in terms of an addition theorem; further use of these distributions in problems of molecular spectroscopy is discussed. Finally, the symmetry behavior of the ID's is derived and its significance in establishing general relations and correlations between transitions in absorption and emission is discussed.


OBJECTIVES:Bowel urgency is one of the most bothersome symptoms for nonconstipated IBS patients. The efficacy of alosetron in control of bowel urgency and Global Improvement of IBS symptoms were evaluated in a multicenter double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.METHODS:Female IBS patients with lack of satisfactory control of bowel urgency were randomized 2:1 to alosetron 1 mg twice daily or placebo treatment groups. The primary endpoint was the proportion of days with satisfactory control of bowel urgency during the 12-wk treatment period and 2-wk follow-up period. Secondary endpoints included IBS Global Improvement (responder defined as patient-reported moderate or substantial improvement in IBS symptoms) and improvements in bowel function (stool frequency, consistency, and sensation of incomplete evacuation).RESULTS:A total of 801 women were randomized to the alosetron (n = 532) or placebo groups (n = 269). Physicians classified 98% of patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS. Patients treated with alosetron had a significantly greater proportion of days with satisfactory control of urgency compared to placebo for the treatment period (73% vs 57%, p < 0.001). A significantly greater number of patients treated with alosetron were IBS Global Improvement responders compared to placebo at week 12 (76% vs 44%, p < 0.001). IBS Global Improvement responders had more days with satisfactory control of urgency at week 12 (88% vs 48%) as well as firmer stools, fewer stools/day, and fewer days with incomplete evacuation compared with nonresponders. Alosetron-treated patients showed improvements in bowel functions compared to placebo-treated patients. Constipation was the most commonly reported adverse event.CONCLUSIONS:Alosetron is effective at managing bowel urgency in women with diarrhea-predominant IBS. The IBS Global Improvement assessment correlated with improvements in bowel function and may be a useful tool in future IBS clinical trials.


AbstractOutput from idealized numerical simulations is used to investigate the storm-scale processes responsible for squall-line evolution following a merger with an isolated supercell. A simulation including a squall line–supercell merger is compared to one using the same initial squall line and background environment without the merger. These simulations reveal that while bow echo formation is favored by the strongly sheared background environment, the merger produces a more compact bowing structure owing to a locally enhanced rear-inflow jet. The merger also represents a favored location for severe weather production relative to other portions of the squall line, with surface winds, vertical vorticity, and rainfall all being maximized in the vicinity of the merger.An analysis of storm-scale processes reveals that the premerger squall line weakens as it encounters outflow from the preline supercell, and the supercell becomes the leading edge of the merged system. Subsequent localized strengthening of th...


Introduction: Lichen planus (LP) is a common, chronic, inflammatory pruritic disorder involving the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and hair follicles. Systemic corticosteroids have long been treatment of choice for generalized LP. However, use of corticosteroids is limited due to multiple side effects. Methotrexate (MTX) can be used as alternative and safe modality in generalized LP. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two cases of generalized LP with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension and steroid-resistant and patients with side effects of long-term corticosteroids were included in this study. MTX was initiated at the dose of 7.5 mg/week. Clinical evaluation for improvement in lesions and pruritus was performed at 2 nd , 4 th , 8 th , and 12 th weeks. Results: After 12 weeks, 80% patients had excellent improvement. Patients with an excellent response were followed up. In the 6-month follow-up, four patients showed recurrence while all the remaining 12 showed complete remission. Conclusion: Results of this small study suggest that the use of weekly oral MTX can be highly effective and tolerable treatment alternative for generalized LP.


Higher order dispersion, especially second or third, is very important limiting factor in all optical transmission systems. The pulse shape along the optical fiber under the third order dispersion influence is considered in this paper by treating the fiber as a linear medium. Analytic solution of the pulse propagation in the presence of interference and higher order dispersion is also given. The influence of both interference and third order dispersion is studied using this attained analytic expression. Interference is time and phase shifted in regard to a useful signal. We considered the worst case, i.e. case when the phase shift is π.


Game-based technologies have been widely used as part of stroke rehabilitation. The Neuromender system utilises game-based technologies and consists of serious games that are designed and developed for the purpose of rehabilitation of stroke survivors. In this paper, one of the modules in the Neuromender system which is the "upper limb" module is described and tested for its usability. The upper limb module primarily focuses on the rehabilitation of the upper body extremities of stroke survivors. An experimental study is designed to test the usability of the upper limb module. Various metrics including the optimal distance between the 3D depth sensor device and the survivor, the optimal position of the 3D depth sensor with respect to the survivor, and the response time of the gestures made by the survivors based on their distance to the sensor are evaluated. At the end of the experiments, the optimal distance and optimal position for the survivors to utilise the upper limb module is determined.


The binding of 24 derivatives of Cydia pomonella sex pheromone (dodecanol framework with no, one, or two conjugated double bonds at different positions of the aliphatic chain) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to unmodified, acylated, alkylated, and esterified β-lactoglobulin (BLG) was studied by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Their apparent dissociation constants were in the range 0.2-0.9×10 -6 M (apparent molar ratio ca. I). Dodecyl acetate and SDS displayed the highest affinity for BLG, when (E,E)-6,8-dodecadienyl acetate and (E,E)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate did not bind to BLG in the applied conditions. The apparent dissociation constants of derivatives unconstrained by conjugated double bonds did not differ


A recent publication [3] contains the results of a survey of insurance education in Canadian universities. For at least two reasons the results of this survey are especially important to persons concerned with university insurance instruction. First, they provide an up-to-date comprehensive picture of the pattern of Canadian education in this field, including the names of institutions offering courses, detailed characteristecs of those courses, and other closely related information. They will also enable insurance teachers and administrators to make meaningful comparisons among the programs of various institutions. A second reason why the results hold special importance is that they may be compared on an aggregate basis with the results of surveys undertaken in United States by the S.S. Huebner Foundation [2]. For this purpose the Canadian survey was closely patterned after the Huebner Foundation survey in terms of scope and methodology. This report summarizes the Canadian experience and contrasts it with the U.S. insurance curricula.


Transport properties and the associated structural heterogeneity of room temperature aqueous ionic liquids and especially of super-concentrated electrolyte aqueous solutions have received increasing attention, due to their potential application in ionic battery. This paper briefly reviews the results reported mainly since 2010 about the liquid–liquid separation, aggregation of polar and apolar domains in neat RTILs, and solvent clusters and 3D networks chiefly constructed by anions in super-concentrated electrolyte solutions. At the same time, the dominating effect of desolvation process of metal ions at electrode/electrolyte interface upon the transport of metal ions is stressed. This paper also presents the current understanding of how water affects the anion–cation interaction, structural heterogeneities, the structure of primary coordination sheath of metal ions and consequently their transport properties in free water-poor electrolytes.


As the conventional activation functions such as ReLU, LeakyReLU, and PReLU, the negative parts in feature maps are simply truncated or linearized, which may result in unflexible structure and undesired information distortion. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective Bilateral Activation Mechanism (BAM) which could be applied to the activation function to offer an efficient feature extraction model. Based on BAM, the Bilateral ReLU Residual Block (BRRB) that still sufficiently keeps the nonlinear characteristic of ReLU is constructed to separate the feature maps into two parts, i.e., the positive and negative components, then adaptively represent and extract the features by two independent convolution layers. Besides, our mechanism will not increase any extra parameters or computational burden in the network. We finally embed the BRRB into a basic ResNet architecture, called BRResNet, it is easy to obtain state-of-the-art performance in two image fusion tasks, i.e., pansharpening and hyperspectral image super-resolution (HISR). Additionally, deeper analysis and ablation study demonstrate the effectiveness of BAM, the lightweight property of the network, etc. Please find the code from the project page1 https://liangjiandeng.github.io/Projects_Res/bam_mm2021.html


In the era of global warming and ever rising energy demand, climate justice has become the need of the hour. Sustainable solution has become the key to the success for environment. The cooking sector is considered as one of the major energy consuming sectors in developing and underdeveloped countries. Inherently, associated hazardous effects and energy inefficiencies of conventional biomass cooking system forces unconventional cooking energy to become popular day by day. In this study, a new census based approach is being presented to find out cooking energy requirement of a single rural household of India. Mathematical modelling is being done while scrutinising coke, firewood and chips, coal, and LPG as cooking fuel and by eliminating charcoal, petrol, diesel and kerosene. Exact heat energy required per household per meal has been achieved 4,212.02 kJ. Out of which vaporisation of water, heating food to boiling temperature and convection losses from vessels shares 1,474.21 kJ, 842.40 kJ and 1,895.41 kJ respectively. The outcome of this study can serve a baseline for inventors, researchers and policymakers of micro-scale unconventional/solar cooker.


Using a nationally representative longitudinal data-set, we examine the influence of precollege access programs on high school achievement, college preparation, postsecondary enrollment, and postsecondary persistence. Results do not show much difference in the level of academic preparation between participants and non-participants. However, precollege access program participants were more likely to learn about college opportunities by seeking information about college, applying to college, and receiving financial aid than similar non-participants were. However, although participants and similar non-participants enrolled in college and persisted for 1 year at about the same rates, fewer participants persisted in college for 2 years.


This index of the book Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera contains a list of genus-group names presented in the book. This index is in the alphabetical order.Keywords: Coleoptera; Palaearctic region


It is only possible to resolve the conflict of aims between individual subsystems and the energy optimisation of an entire train by performing comprehensive simulations of all the systems present in the train in an integrated simulation environment. For this purpose, Bombardier uses the Train Energy Performance (TEP) program.


DOA estimation method based on time-delay differences is used widely in the field of passive source location. To meet the real-time demands of some location systems, a fast DOA Estimation algorithm for moving source is presented. In this method, only part of time-delay differences is estimated for the measuring of DOA to reduce the computational complexity. Computer simulation results indicate the new method has less computational cost by contrast with traditional method, and based on the reasonable time-delay differences the DOA estimation results are more accurate.


10033Background: Cemiplimab-rwlc (cemiplimab), a PD-1 Inhibitor, showed a robust clinical response in patients (pts) with metastatic (mCSCC) or locally advanced (laCSCC) CSCC not eligible for curat...


edidit Alfred Eberhard ; accedit commentatio. Sometimes attributed, through misidentification of the otherwise unknown Hierocles named in MSS. as author, to the 5th cent. neo-Platonist Hierocles of Alexandria. Greek text, Latin commentary and notes.


Abstract The dynamical basis of intraseasonal oscillations of the Southern Hemisphere summer and winter seasons is studied with a combination of observed diagnostics and simplified prognostic models. High-frequency oscillations, zonal mean variations, and seasonal and interannual variabilities are removed from the six-year dataset in an effort to reduce the effect of high-frequency dynamical instabilities and long-period forced fluctuations. The diagnoses focus upon those processes that have most frequently been explained in terms of Rossby-wave propagation through atmospheres with variable refractive indices. It is useful to study both winter and summer seasons simultaneously because of the large changes in the seasonally averaged state and large consequent changes in atmospheric waveguides between these seasons. A nonlinear shallow-water model slowly relaxed toward the time-averaged winter and summer observed mean fields is used to describe the characteristics of wave propagation in a horizontally varyi...


Due to nanometric hotspots in a metallic nanoantenna or phase sensitivities in a metasurface, precise placement of a quantum emitter is rigorously required to tailor single‐photon emission, which considerably increases alignment and fabrication difficulties. Here, a scalar‐superposition metasurface is proposed to achieve robust placement of a quantum emitter and meanwhile tailor the single‐photon emission to a desired polarization (e.g., linear, circular, or elliptical polarization). In this metasurface, the far‐field interference of the scattered fields from all unit nanostructures can be simplified as a scalar‐superposition process. As a result, the emission polarization state is insensitive to the phase or the position of the quantum emitter. The simualtion and experiment show that the placement accuracy of the quantum emitter relative to the center of the metasurface is released to about 3λ (wavelength), which is dozens of times greater than that in previous works. This high placement robustness together with the deflection effect of emission directions of the metasurfaces further enable to tailor the polarization of multiple single‐photon emission spots. The strategy of the scalar‐superposition metasurfaces with robust placement makes the nanostructure design and alignment easy, and it also might provide new possibilities for realizing multifunctional and novel quantum nanophotonic devices.


The main aim of that paper is to outline an alternative view on a wavelike development of human systems. The hypothesis is based on evolutionary interpretation of human knowledge development. There are some evidences that individual knowledge of each human being consists of paragons (understood as an ideal pattern of human behaviour) – of perception, cognition, behaviour, understanding, and so on. Paragons play a role analogous to genes in biology and determine, in some way, the behaviour of an individual in a well-defined life situations. On the basis of biological analogy a hierarchical structure of human knowledge (a so-called archetype) is partitioned into six levels (taxa), namely: (1) epigenetic paragons, (2) the image of the world, (3) the image of the society, (4) the image of the economic system, (5) the epistechne, and (6) the paradigm. Fluctuations and cyclical behaviour are observed in majority of socioeconomic processes; the literature on this subject is enormous and has its own long tradition in history of civilisations, politics, economics, and other social sciences. In the beginning of the 20 century, economics J. Kitchin has identified short, roughly 3 years, inventory cycles; a few decades earlier Clément Juglar discovered 8-10 year business cycles; Simon Kuznetz in 1930s noticed 15-25 years length cycles and associated them with fluctuations in rates of population growth and immigration, but also with investment delays in building, construction, transport infrastructure, etc. In the beginning of the 20 century Nikolay Dmitriyevich Kondrateff has postulated an existence of so called Long Waves (K-waves) of 50-60 years longevity. The K-wave idea can be considered as a link between economics and political science. In the recent review of the world system evolution Tessaleno Devezas and George Modelski [1] distinguish, beside K-waves, the 120-year long cycle of global politics (known also as the rise and decline of world powers), 240-year cycle of democratization, 480-year cycle of opinion making, 960-year cycle of world economy. Human knowledge – evolutionary interpretation Evolution is the specific process of a search for better solutions (types, ideas) by means of trial and error. A special, and distinguishing, feature of this process is the existence of two mechanisms – the generation of new types (ideas) and the selection of types. Knowledge is the basis for any human action and the evolution of ideas may be considered as the essence of human development. A great part of the knowledge of an individual consists of paragons1 – of perception, cognition, behaviour, understanding, and 1 I use the term paragon to underline the ideal type of patterns of behaviour. A paragon in this context means a pattern of excellence or perfection. There are some similarities of paragons to the well known concept of memes, proposed by Richard Dawkins.


Total knee replacement (TKR) is one of the most successful operations in the history of orthopaedic surgery and its effectiveness in relieving pain and improving functionin patients with end-stage advanced arthritis of knee is undisputed . Despite its scientific reputation as mainly successful, only 81% to 89% of patients are actually satisfied with the final result as per clinical literature. Awareness of the existence as well as identification of predictors of Patient - Surgeon disagreement, should help improve the dialogue that goes on between patients and surgeons, thus improving the clinical decision-making processes and making expectations more realistic in an attempt to enhance patient outcomes. Focussing on 5 major factors can help to ensure that patient safety is maintained, and satisfaction following a major surgery like TKR is enhanced :- 1.Correct patient selection, after a meticulous history taking and clinical examination, 2. Setting appropriate expectations 3. Avoiding preventable complications, 4. Adhering to the finer points of the surgical operation and following a meticulous surgical technique and 5. Using pre - and post- operative pathways. All these factors will help to ensure maximum patient satisfaction and aid in successful clinical outcome following Total Knee Replacement.


The mathematical model for three\|dimensional information extracting is built. As the calculation of three-dimensional coordinates needs the parameters of camera, thus the method to gain the parameters by camera calibrating is put forward. At last, the mathematical model is validated by the image measuring experimentation.


. At the very beginning of the theory of finite dynamical systems, it was discovered that some relatively simple systems, even of ordinary differen- tial equations, can generate very complicated (chaotic) behaviors. Furthermore these systems are extremely sensitive to perturbations, in the sense that trajec- tories with close but different initial data may diverge exponentially. Very of-ten, the trajectories of such chaotic systems are localized, up to some transient process, in some subset of the phase space, the so-called strange attractors. Such subset have a very complicated geometric structure. They accumulate the nontrivial dynamics of the system. For a distributed system, whose time evolution is usually governed by par- tial differential equations (PDEs), the phase space X is (a subset of) an infinite dimensional function space. We will thus speak of infinite dimensional dynam- ical systems. Since the global existence and uniqueness of solutions has been proven for a large class of PDEs arising from different domains as Mechanics and Physics, it is therefore natural to investigate whether the features, in par-ticular the notion of attractor, obtained for dynamical systems generated by systems of ODEs generalizes to systems of PDEs. In this paper we give a positive aftermath by proving the existence of pull- back D -attractor. The key point is to find a bounded family of pullback D absorbing sets then we apply the decomposition techniques and a method used in previous works to verify the pullback w - D -limit compactness. It is based on the concept of the Kuratowski measure of noncompactness of a bounded set as well as some new estimates of the equicontinuity of the solutions.


A chimeric monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. Volociximab binds to and inhibits the activity of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell-cell interactions, endothelial cell-matrix interactions, and angiogenesis.


Analysis of multilingual codebases is a topic of increasing importance. In prior work, we have proposed the MLSA (MultiLingual Software Analysis) architecture, an approach to the lightweight analysis of multilingual codebases, and have shown how it can be used to address the challenge of constructing a single call graph from multilingual software with mutual calls. This paper addresses the challenge of constructing monolingual call graphs in a lightweight manner (consistent with the objective of MLSA) which nonetheless yields sufficient information for resolving language interoperability calls. A novel approach is proposed which leverages information from a compiler-generated AST to provide the quality of call graph necessary, while the program itself is written using an Island Grammar that parses the AST providing the lightweight aspect necessary. Performance results are presented for a C/C++ implementation of the approach, PAIGE (Parsing AST using Island Grammar Call Graph Emitter) showing that despite its lightweight nature, it outperforms Doxgen, is robust to changes in the (Clang) AST, and is not restricted to C/C++.


Culturally created places represent a response to society's spiritual needs. The history of the commemoration of Fryderyk Chopin on the site of his birth dates back to the nineteenth century and the times of the Partitions of Poland. It was only realised in full, however, during the 1930s, when the Chopin annexe, rebuilt in the Polish national style, was made the key element in the design of a modernist-style park. The memorial park dedicated to Chopin was given the features of a symbolic space. The birthplace of Fryderyk Chopin and the park in Żelazowa Wola is a place of aesthetic and emotional experience, where visits made by admirers of the composer's output are crowned by the performance of live music.


Worksheets are common in science classrooms with an aim to support pupils' meaning-making, e.g., for guiding them in performing hands-on activities and documenting their experiences of such activities. Yet, there have been few systematic studies of pupils' disciplinary representations in worksheets. Drawing on systemic functional linguistics, we have analyzed fifth grade pupils' (age 10–11) multimodal texts in worksheets (n = 25) when they were working with shadow formation as part of their regular classroom activities. In the worksheets they were asked to first explain in writing why or why not a shadow was formed and then explain shadow formation through a drawing. At an overall level, we found that a majority of the pupils managed to express in writing why a shadow is formed, though it appeared to be more challenging for them to explain why a shadow is not formed. In their drawings, quite a few pupils managed to include several key aspects of shadow formation, at least when combining image with writing. For all tasks, the explanatory parts of the pupils' responses were often implicit. Based on our results, we suggest that pupils may benefit from teaching practices that integrate a parallel focus on form and content as a way to raise their awareness of, for instance, the affordances of different resources and how explanations can be structured. Such practices may support pupils to be able to consider and choose appropriate resources in their disciplinary texts.


Bubble departure frequency and active nucleation site density are two main factors that affect the nucleate boiling heat transfer. The potential enhancement of boiling heat transfer can be accomplished by surface modification. This treatment can be realized with changing parameters such as porosity, tilting angle and cavity radius. In this study, effects of different nanostructured Aluminum-Alloy (Al-Alloy) 2024 sheets on subcooled boiling heat transfer are investigated. A simple and environmentally friendly technique is used in order to produce these plates that are immersed into boiling deionized water for 20, 60 and 120 minutes. To examine boiling heat transfer characteristics, nanostructured plates are placed inside a rectangular channel. The channel is heated through four cartridge heaters connected to a DC power supply while deionized water is pumped inside using a micro gear pump at constant mass fluxes of 50 kg/m2s, 75 kg/m2s and 125 kg/m2s. It was found that an increase in nano-structure height leads to higher boiling heat transfer coefficients. Furthermore, a high speed camera system was used to investigate flow patterns in the microchannel. Visualization results indicated that bubbles movde faster the nano-structure height increased.Copyright © 2016 by ASME


Abstract : A zonal, implicit, time-marching Navier-Stokes computational technique has been used to compute the turbulent supersonic base flow over a cylindrical afterbody with base bleed. A critical element of calculating such flows is the turbulence model. Two eddy viscosity turbulence models have been used in the base region flow computations. These models include an algebraic turbulence model and a two-equation k-e model. The k-e equations are solved using an implicit algorithm, and calculations with the k-e model are extended up to the wall. Flow field computations have been performed for a cylindrical afterbody at M approx. = 2.46 and at an angle of attack of a = 0. The results are compared to the experimental data for the same conditions and the same configuration. Details of the mean flow field as well as the turbulence quantities have been presented. In addition, the computed base pressure distribution has been compared with the experiment. In general, the k-e turbulence model performs better in the near wake than the algebraic model and predicts the base pressure much better.


. A large chorus of voices has grown around the claim that theistic belief is epistemically suspect since, as some cognitive scientists have hypothesized, such beliefs are a byproduct of cognitive mechanisms which evolved for rather diff erent adaptive purposes. Th is paper begins with an overview of the pertinent cognitive science followed by a short discussion of some relevant epistemic concepts. Working from within a largely Williamsonian framework, we then present two diff erent ways in which this research can be formulated into an argument against theistic belief. We argue that neither version works. 1 Belief in gods requires no special parts of the brain. Belief in gods requires no special mystical experiences, though it may be aided by such experiences. Belief in gods requires no coercion or brainwashing or special persuasive techniques. Rather, belief in gods arises because of the natural functioning of completely normal mental tools working in common natural and social contexts.


In this paper the latest discovery of organic magnetoresistance(OMAR)inπ-conjugated organic semiconductors is introduced.Both the experimental and theoretical progresses are summarized.The problems that need to be further investigated and the potential applications in the future are also put foreword.OMAR is an isotropic magnetoresistance with large magnetoresistance ratio and high sensitivity at room temperature.Different from the classical magnetoresistance and giant magnetoresistance(GMR),OMAR is the intrinsic property of organic semiconductors and no magnetic materials or polarized spin-injection are involved.


A regulation of enzyme activity is a subject of great interest for a wide range of applications, from drug discovery to gene-editing technologies. Allosteric mechanisms involve the transmission of a signal, often as a structural change or dynamical perturbation that propagates from one protein site to a distal site where the enzyme function is altered. Understanding allosteric sites, including their evolutionary origin and how to target them by protein engineering, or with small molecule ligands, could provide valuable insights for a wide range of applications. Hadzipasic et al. recently performed an intriguing study for Aurora A kinase (AK) and its allosteric activator, TPX2. They used Bayesian methods to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree for both proteins and then inferred the protein sequence at the ancestral node of interest for subsequent biochemical studies. What this work showed was that of the two activation mechanisms of AK, autophosphorylation arose first. Perhaps not surprisingly the allostery involving TPX2 arose in AK only after appearance of TPX2. More thought-provoking is that the evolution of the allosteric interaction seemed to reside solely within AK where the most recent AK shows a 1.8-fold preference, in terms of catalytic enhancement, for its TPX2 versus the more distant ancestor TPX2ANC3 and a 1.2-fold enhancement upon binding the more recent TPX2ANC4. The TPX2 binding interface was remarkably stable across the history of AK, whereas optimization of catalytic activity for phosphorylation of the human substrate, Lats2, resulted from mutation of 15 residues in the protein interior that enhanced the coupling of TPX2 binding to the catalytic site. Thus, all that was necessary for TPX2 allosteric activation was the initial formation of an AK/ TPX2 complex, followed by exploitation of binding through evolution of intervening residues of AK itself, suggesting that the critical step was colocalization of the binding partners, rather than coevolution of them. This illuminating result shares similarities with other studies of allosteric proteins. Allosteric residues typically come in two flavors, surface residues responsible for interacting with the allosteric partner, and pathway residues that relay the allosteric signal. Two recent studies also describe the independence of the two types of allosteric residues. For example, adaptation to extreme temperature has caused protein lineages to diverge significantly. Such changes often occur at surface-exposed sites, which are more susceptible to temperature changes but also distant from the active site. Studies by Hilser and co-workers with Escherichia coli adenylate kinase showed that by tuning the unfolding of a distant allosteric region, one can independently tune the active site activity and affinity, thereby elucidating the driving force behind such allosteric adaptations. Their work uncovered two distal domains whose modification has a direct effect on the active site. Mutations to LID, a domain that includes part of the active site, increased the unfolded population of LID from 5% (WT) to 40% at physiological temperature. Such destabilization markedly decreased the kinase substrate affinity, thereby modulating the activity. Mutation to another region, AMPbd, had no such effects on affinity but instead lowered the activation energy through a similar unfolding event. These disruptions opposed the increased level of folding of the kinase at lower temperatures, making the enzyme's optimum temperature vary between the WT, LID, and AMPbd forms. Similarly, the enzyme imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS) is a prime example of a system with buried allosteric residues whose role is to relay the allosteric signal rather than to alter catalytic activity. IGPS has a basal catalytic rate for glutamine hydrolysis that is 5000-fold lower than its allosterically activated rate. Activation occurs upon binding of its small molecule ligand, PRFAR. Solution NMR and computational studies identified residues that are allosteric nodes in IGPS. Mutation of these residues produced a dramatic decrease in the ability of PRFAR to allosterically enhance this glutaminase activity, although the basal glutaminase activity was unchanged. Amazingly these mutations were distant from both the glutaminase and the activator binding sites. Like the Hilser study, this work pointed to the role of dynamic regions of the enzyme as being critical for allostery. Importantly, drugs that bind to allosteric sites have the great advantage of finely tuning activity, both spatially and temporally, thus avoiding the risk of overdosage. The retrospective analysis of allosteric evolution in kinases has implications for evolving or engineering new functions, an example being the tailoring of allosteric sites for enzymatic regulation and drug development. CRISPR-Cas9 has become widely used due to its ability to perform genome editing with


The invention relates to an internal combustion engine (1) having a crankshaft (3), one of the crank shaft (3) driven eccentric shaft (13) on the extension of an expansion stroke of the piston (2) of the internal combustion engine (1) by connecting rods (19) and coupling members (8) is connected to the crankshaft (3) and two camshafts (25, 26) for the actuation of intake and exhaust valves of the internal combustion engine (1). Thus, the free torque can be continuously removed M 0,5.-order without a large additional effort entirely or at least substantially, are according to the invention at least one of the two camshafts (25, 26) comprises two balance weights (36, 37) for the eradication of the free Moments mounted M 0,5.-order of the crankshaft (3).


Some vehicle manufacturers have recently used lightweight epoxies to fill hollow thin-walled roof pillars in car subframes to increase their strength and energy dissipation capacity in roll-over crashes. It is questionable, however, whether epoxy filling is more efficient than increasing the wall-thickness of a member to improve strength to weight ratios. This paper examines vehicle roof pillars and how their breadth to thickness, b/t, ratio and epoxy filling affects their structural performance under gross bending deformation. A review of theoretical and experimental work carried out to date on void-filled versus hollow sections and an analysis of some typical vehicle roof pillar sections are presented. Conclusions indicate that with present epoxy fillers and roof pillar dimensions, there is no gain in peak strength to weight efficiencies when void-filled sections are compared to their equivalent in weight thicker-walled hollow members, unless compressive strengths of fillers can be increased and/or density reduced. [A] For the covering abstract, see IRRD 896528.


The automatic spatial and temporal focusing properties of a time-reversing array (TRA) make it an attractive technology for active and passive sonar systems that may be deployed in unknown multipath environments. However, in these and other potential underwater applications of TRAs, either the source, the array, or both are likely to be moving. In this paper we present broadband-signal TRA performance predictions that include the influence of the Doppler effect on the time-reversal process for broadband signals transmitted from an arbitrarily moving source to a stationary vertical TRA through a shallow ocean environment. Here, the impact of source motion on TRA performance is predicted from analysis and numerical simulations using a formulation of the Doppler shifted field based on Fourier superposition of stationary but spatially distributed time-harmonic sources. Quantitative results for the size and location of the TRA's retrofocus are presented as well as the correlation of the TRA retrofocus signal with the time-reversed original signal for various source motions in range-independent and range-dependent shallow water sound channels. Overall, source motion is predicted to have little effect on TRA operations with source speeds less than 20 m/s for signals having a center frequency of 500 Hz at source–array ranges of a few kilometers.


Islamic economic practices in Indonesia are actually not a recent phenomenon and date back to the era of Sultanate in various regions of Indonesia. The applicable Islamic economic system was extinct in the era of colonialism.
However, the independence in 1945 and the global consciousness in the Muslim world to restructure modern economy in line with Islamic principles in the 1970's and 1980's influenced Muslims in Indonesia to restructure their economic and financial institutions in accordance with the Islamic teachings. Although, the development of Islamic economics and finance in Indonesia is considered as somewhat late compared to other Muslim counties, however the discourse, debate and efforts are very dynamic and interesting. Indonesian authority being passive in the early emergence of Islamic economics and finance in 1980's and 1990's, started to take a more pro-active role by strategizing the roadmap and synergizing the policies, legal and regulatory framework related to Islamic economics and
finance industry to gain benefits from its potential and to elevate further this industry. Specific laws and regulations
on Islam-ic economics and finance, including zakat and waqf were also outlined to direct the industry in proper
direction. The development can also be seen in the education, research and publications in Islamic economics and
finance which are also flourishing. This report attempts to survey the progress and development of Islamic economic
practices in various dimensions such as banking and finance, zakat, waqf, and education, research and publication.
The subject will be approached from various angles; the history, narratives and trends in Indonesian Islamic economy, as well as the institutions, researches and policies for developing Islamic economics in Indonesia.


Introduction - How to use the Directory - Articles on How to Produce Multimedia Products - Interviews with Industry Experts about Trends and Developments - Market Focus - National Profiles - Publishing Issues - Hardware Issues - Software Issues - Statistics about the Multimedia Market - Company Profiles A-Z (with Descriptions of Products and Services) - Hardware Products directory with Descriptions - Software Products directory with Descriptions - Exhibitions directory with Descriptions - Journals directory with Descriptions - Company Short Information by Country - Glossary of Terms - Indexes: - Products A-Z by Type - Products by Company


The article deals with fuzzy model of risk assessment of cybersecurity based on fuzzy model of poorly formalized factors. Therefore, there was assessed general impact in critical information infrastructure facilities by using technology of Mamdani-type logical inference. Model of poorly formalized factors, which are described "source of threats", is used to cybersecurity risks for critical information infrastructure facilities modelling.