Pure rotational spectra are reported for the deuterated species of copper and silver hydroxide, 63CuOD, 107AgOD, and 109AgOD. Together with the CuOH and AgOH data previously reported, a number of harmonic force constants were determined. These constants are interpreted in terms of the balance between competing ionic and covalent interactions. The harmonic force field allowed the rz structures to be determined. Both molecules are strongly bent indicating considerable covalent character.


This diploma thesis is about measuring and recording an object's acceleration. The
measurement is performed via an embedded system based on the STM32 MCU family
made by ST Microelectronics. Specifically the system is the STM32-103STK
micro controller made by Olimex.
At the beginning of this thesis, the description of the main attributes and features of STM32
processor are stated, and then the available development environments for building and
debugging embedded applications. Next the methodology used to develop the embedded
application is described. Specifically, the system is programmed to measure the 3-axis
applied acceleration and after presenting the values through the monitor, it stores them into a SD (Secure Digital) card.


The locality of Western Australian Museum specimens of Antechinus flavipes from southwestern Australia exhibits a marked disjunction in the species distribution. The northern distribution is characterised by females that have 10 nipples, while the southern distribution has females with 8 nipples; the two distributions come into close proximity east of Albany. Strong sexual dimorphism exists in both external and cranial variables within the two distributions. Although the cranial and external variables of each sex do not differ significantly between populations, multivariate analyses indicate that females of the two distributions show a strong separation in cranial variables on the first canonical variate. Variation in reproductive potential, as evidenced by differing nipple number, and molecular genetic studies of congeners in eastern Australia indicate the presence of cryptic species in Antechinus, suggesting a molecular examination of the two distributional groups in Western Australia is warranted.


Abstract This study demonstrates the utility of using nonlinear growth modeling as an alternative to using the cost performance index (CPI), the schedule cost index (SCI), or the composite index methods for calculating estimates at completion (EAC) for over target baseline (OTB) contracts. Using contract performance report (CPR), data, we adopted the Gompertz Growth Curve Model to produce three EAC models: a production model, a development model, and a combined model. We used the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) to evaluate the developed models. For 63% to 78% of OTB contracts, depending on model, the Gompertz Growth Models out-performed all three index-based methods for predicting the EAC.


The converse piezoelectric effect is used to suppress the vibrations of a laminated composite beam stiffened with piezoelectric actuators. The control problem involves the minimization of the dynamic response of the beam by using the voltage applied to the piezoelectric stiffeners as a control variable. The dynamic response is defined as a combination of the dynamic deflection and the velocity of the beam and expressed as a quadratic cost functional. The piezoelectric stiffeners are bonded on the opposite surfaces of the beam and placed symmetrically with respect to the middle plane. The control moments are activated by applying out-of phase voltages. It is found that the optimal active control takes the form of a piecewise constant alternating voltage with varying switch—over intervals.


Some features are described of a 180? mass spectrometer designed for isotope abundance measurement. The ion current is amplified by an a.c. amplifier and the method of measurement, noise origins and circuits for stabilizing the ion beam are discussed. The accuracy and range are sufficient for the majority of stable isotopic tracer experiments with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.


In this paper, a tensor-based approach to blind despreading of long-code multiuser DSSS signals is proposed. We aim to generalize the tensor-based methods originally developed for blind separation of short-code multiuser DSSS signals to long-code cases. Firstly, we model the intercepted long-code multiuser DSSS signals with an antenna-array receiver as a three-order tensor with missing values, and then, the blind separation problem can be formulated as a canonical or parallel factor (CANDECOMP/PARAFAC) decomposition problem of the missing-data tensor, which can be solved using optimum methods. Secondly, a constrained Cramér–Rao Bound (CRB) is also derived to provide a performance benchmark for the proposed approach. Simulation results verify the feasibility of our proposed approach in the case of low signal-to-noise (SNR) conditions.


S.No. Name of the Post No. of post Qualification Nature of Job Consolidated Remuneration 1 PR Executive 2 PG Degree/Diploma in Public Relations/Journalism and Mass Communication with at least 03 year work experience of PR social media with broadcasters. The candidate should have good oral and written communication skills. Public Relation with print, electronic media and other publicity related job. Also, includes assistance in online and print publicity campaign. Rs 25,000/-


In this paper, we present the SECAPI system, a decision-aid tool in case of malfunction of nuclear power plants from the French nuclear power board (CEA). In case of malfunction of the plant, we do not have any formal speciication of the running process. So it is not possible to implement some classical techniques such as Expert Systems. Machine learning techniques integrated in SECAPI, combine concepts of Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and Inductive Logic Programming (ILP). The use of such a tool, allows to store past experiments which will be used later to explain new malfunctions and to induce rules that model the most frequent malfunctions.


Background The main objective of our study was to identify oral symptoms and signs most likely to be associated with the exposure of necrotic bone in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Material and Methods The study group consisted of 183 patients with BRONJ. We recorded data on the underlying disease, bisphosphonate used, location of osteonecrosis, symptoms, pain, fistula development, suppuration, infection, exposed necrotic bone, and BRONJ stage. Results The mean age of the patients was 68.22 ± 12.19 years. The sample included 118 (64.5%) women. Breast cancer and multiple myeloma were the most common underlying diseases, and 50 patients received oral bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. Dental extractions (69.4%) and mandibular location (74.3%) predominated. The only two variables influencing the possibility of necrotic bone exposure were intravenous bisphosphonate administration and the presence of an intraoral fistula (p >0.05). Conclusions Intravenous bisphosphonate use and intraoral fistula presence were associated with a major predisposition to bone exposure in patients with BRONJ. Key words:Bisphosphonate, Osteonecrosis, Jaw.


Objective: To compare the post operative morbidity associated with open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty patients of gallstone disease diagnosed on ultrasound were included in the study. They were divided into two groups. Results: Mean age of the patients was 38.6±6.7 in group A and 38.4±5.7 in group B. Regarding hospital stay, mean hospital stay was 3.7±0.7 in group A as compared to 1.7±0.5 in group B. P value < 0.001. Regarding gall stone number, solitary stone was present in 12(20%) in open cholecystectomy group and in 14(23.3%) patients in laparoscopic cholecystectomy group. 2-4 stones were present in 20 (33.3%) patients in group A, where as in 16(26.6%) in group B. More than 5 stones were present in 28(46.7%) patients in group A and 30(50%) patients in group B. Post operative pain and post operative infection were lower in laparoscopic group as compared to open cholecystectomy group. Conclusion: Although both techniques i.e., laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy are fairly efficient in treating patients with gall stone diseases but laparoscopic cholecystectomy is found to be more reliable with lesser complication rate and shorter hospital stay.


Background: Cisplatin is regarded as a main anticancer drug. However, nephrotoxicity is its major side effect and chief dose-limiting factor. L-carnitine (LC) is a natural nutrient, while Curcumin (CMN) is derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) plants. Both could prevent nephrotoxicity. Objectives: To evaluate nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin ,detect protective effect of L-carnitine and curcumin in reducing cisplastin nephrotoxicity and determine which is more potent . Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ten rats each; Group1; Control group, received isotonic saline, 2. Group 2; cisplatin treated (7mg/kg body weight as a single dose), Group 3; treated with LC (500 mg/kg/day) plus cisplatin, Group 4; treated with cisplatin plus CMN (100mg/kg /day).The duration of experiment was 10 days. Specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Morphometric and statistical studies were done to measure the diameter of proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and Bowman's space. Results: The cisplatin-treated rats had destructive damage of the renal glomeruli including all types of pathological changes in the cortex and marked degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs). The treatment with LC and curcumin prevented severe damage caused by cisplatin. However LC treated rats showed more improvement than CMN treated group. Conclusions: Administration of L-carnitine with cisplatin decreases its nephrotoxicity which is the major cisplatin side effect.


Waldvogel et al. [ACM SIGCOMM, 1997, 25-36] have proposed a collection of hash tables (CHT) organization for an IP router table. IP lookup can be done with O(log l/sub dist/) hash-table searches, where l/sub dist/ is the number of distinct prefix-lengths (also equal to the number of hash tables in the CHT). Srinivasan and Varghese [ACM transactions on Computer Systems, Feb:1-40, 1999] have proposed the use of controlled prefix-expansion to reduce the value of l/sub dist/. The algorithm of [V. Srinivasan, 1999] does not minimize the storage required by the prefixes and markers for the resulting set of prefixes. We develop an algorithm that minimizes storage requirement but takes O(nW/sup 3/ + kW/sup 4/) time, where k is the desired number of distinct lengths, n is the number of prefixes, and W is the length of the longest prefix. Also, we propose improvements to the heuristic of [V. Srinivasan, 1999].


Abstract Some new anilino-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazin-5-ones (III) were synthesized by the condensation of 2-(4-bromoanilino)-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (II) with corresponding zinc mercaptide (I). Derivatives of compound (III) were prepared by its reduction, methylation and acetylation and were screened for antimicrobial evaluation. Structural assignments were done on the basis of elemental analyses, IR and 1H NMR.


Introduction The use of visual guidance, or targeting, to tread on a force platform while walking has been reported as a potentially confounding factor in gait research (Oggero et al., 1997). While there is evidence that constraining the foot to a specific area within a walkway alters stepping parameters (Hirokawa, 1989) and promotes the use of visual control strategies (Patla et al., 1996), there is little empirical support indicating that targeting impacts on the magnitude or variability of ground reaction force (GRF) parameters (Grabiner et al., 1995; Patla et al., 1989) or plantar foot pressures (Nicholson et al., 1998).


The objective of this paper is to review the most relevant, recent and rigorous literature on strategies to promote changes in demand for maternal and neonatal health services in rural areas of Latin America and to identify the strategies with most impact and lowest cost. The evidence shows that: i) covering direct expenses increases the use of prenatal care and institutional delivery and appears to be costeffective; ii) community interventions have positive impacts on indicators related to social norms (contraceptive use and institutional delivery); iii) monetary incentives have moderate impacts on use of prenatal care but lead to very few changes in institutional delivery or contraceptive use, while non-monetary incentives do increase institutional delivery at a much lower cost; iv) sending reminders to women could increase the use of prenatal and postpartum visits in a cost-effective way; and v) postpartum and puerperium visits need to be promoted.


A culture of inquiry is emerging from research-based information literacy instruction that takes place in school libraries. An ethnographic approach views the culture of inquiry through two lenses: (1) cultural anthropology and an emerging theory of evidence-based information literacy instruction, and (2) Tylor's anthropological definition of culture which serves as a framework to examine the knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, and customs of instruction. An emerging theory of information literacy instruction unique to school libraries identifies constructivist learning theory as the knowledge source and evidence-based practice as the underlying belief.


Abstract : New types of composite materials and various single crystal materials were studied for pyroelectric applications. The pyroelectric figure of merit (p/ K) was measured using a fully automated direct (Byre-Roundy) and Chynoweth system built during the past year. Composites of ferroelectric oxides such as PZT, boracites, lead germanate with the polymer spurrs were fabricated. In PZT- Spurrs composites, the pyroelectric figure of merit p/K was improved by a factor of 7 over that of solid PZT. Boracites:Spurrs and Lead Germanate:Spurrs composites possess p/K values equivalent to the figure of merit of their respective single crystalline forms. A new technique was developed to fabricate oriented glass-ceramic pyroelectric targets using large temperature gradients across the glass disk. Pyroelectric figures of merit for recrystallized Li2Si2O5, Ba2Ge2TiO8 and Ba2Si2TiO8 were up to 60% of the single crystal values. Single crystals of antimony sulfur iodide, lithium silicate, lithium germanate, and resorcinol were studied for their potential applications in the pyroelectric devices. SbSI family members have some potentials as oblique-cut targets at low temperatures.


EMA model is now used for determination of the components concentrations in heterogeneous materials, prepared as thin (about 1 mkm) films. We can obtain dielectrical function of composite medium (which contain N components) from transmittance and reflectance measurements of the film-substrate system (in the investigated photon energy $HBAR(omega) range substrate must be transparent).


The phenomenological renormalisation group transformation, introduced by Nightingale (1976), is extended to a form suitable for the study of a quantum mechanical system at T=0. The spin-1/2 Ising model in a transverse field Gamma , in one and two dimensions, is considered. The new scaling form, called phenomenological time scaling, is derived by exploiting the connection between a d dimensional quantum mechanical system at T=0 and a (d+1) dimensional classical system in the anisotropic limit of weakly coupled chains. Estimates are made of the critical field Gamma c and the exponent nu associated with the vanishing of the first excitation energy at T=0. These results also provide some information about the thermal critical behaviour of the anisotropic three-dimensional Ising model.


Compression allows scalable storage of large amounts of data and alleviates the I/O bottleneck for dataintensive applications. Over the years, a large number of compression algorithms have been developed to support various data types. Our goal is to develop a generic tool that helps quickly and accurately decide what compression scheme(s) best match the constraints and expectations of users with respect to factors such as compression time (encoding/decoding), space (data/meta-data), and qualit y


Present study focused the antidiabetic activity of n-hexane fraction of hydro-methanolic (2:3) extract of Swietenia mahagoni seed in steptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat. Significant increased in the levels of fasting blood glucose, glyclated hemoglobin and diminution in hepatic hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and elevation in glucose-6-phosphatase activities in diabetic animals. Said biosensors were significantly recovered towards the control after treatment of n-hexane fraction than other fractions. Renotoxic (serum urea, uric acid and creatinine) and hematoxic (red blood cell count, platelet index and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) biosensors were significantly recovered towards control after n-hexane fraction treatment to diabetic group. Results suggest that n-hexane fraction has more potent non-toxic antidiabetic efficacy.


On the background of early Christian history of ideas,this thesis points out that the rational principles of Justin Martyr protect religious philosophy is the blend of perturbation,can distinguish between good and evil,and with the prophetic theoretical concept.


Network topology planning is the basis of tactical communication network planning. Network topology optimi-zation is of great significance in tactical communication network node configuration, network architecture construction, networking application, etc. When excute network topology optimization, multiple possible indicators/objectives which may even conflict with eachother have to be considered. In this paper, we select two negative-correlation indicators as network efficiency and network invulnerability. Based on the classical multi-objective evolutionary algorithm SMS-EMOA, with node number and each node's degree unchanged strategy, this thesis implemente details of tactical communication network initial population generation, network individual crossover, mutation, pruning and other genetic procedures. The connection relationship, network flexibility and topology structure are analyzed in each optimization direction through simulation. Analysis and network structure topology visualization show that the proposed method can significantly improve the network invulnerability and network efficiency of the initial network population at the same time, which proves the proposed method's effectivity in tactical communication network topology optimization.


With cobalt soil mining traditional hydrometallurgical extraction process produces a large amount of solid waste residue after (here in after referred to as the cobalt slag)as raw material.The influence on physical and mechanical propeties of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks by the content of cobalt slag and water materical than,And the mechanism of action was researched at the preliminary step.The results showed that cobalt slag replacing part of the quartz sand used in autoclaved aerated concrete blocks production was feasible,Also bring great social and economic benefits.


Isolichenin, which consists of α-1, 3- and α-1, 4-linked glucose, partly, at least, in pairs, precipitates type IX anti-pneumococcal sera very strongly at 0°. Quantitative data are given on this reaction and the precipitation of other antipneumococcal sera by isolichenin, other polyglucoses, and natural polysaccharides containing glucose. The data are discussed in terms of a quantitative theory of the precipitin reaction (5) and, where possible, in terms of the linkages of glucose involved.


Growing up successfully involves the selection and acquisition of a satisfactory set of values from among available alternatives. The central problem for those growing up at this time is the rapid transformation our values have been undergoing-a circumstance which denies them an explicit and stable set of values from which to choose and with which to identify.' The famous Port Huron Statement adopted by the Students for a Democratic Society in 1962-a statement whose relevance was so underestimated at the time-found its passionate appeal among students precisely because it focused on this problem of values. It posed the issue directly: "Making values explicit-an initial task in establishing alternatives-is an activity that has been devalued and corrupted. The conventional moral terms of the age, the political moralities . .. reflect moralities poorly, if at all, and seem to function more as ruling myths than as descriptive principles. . . . The questions we might want raised-what is really important? can we live in a different and better way? ... are not thought to be questions of a 'fruitful, empirical nature,' and thus are brushed aside."2


Objective:To observe the effects of transcranial electrical stimulation combining with quetiapine on level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus of patients with depression.Methods:92patients with depression treated in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group with 46 cases in each group.After treatment,changes of Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),values of acetyl aspartic acid(NAA)/creatine(Cr)and choline(Cho)/Cr,as well as adverse reactions of both groups were observed.Results:After treatment,HAMD of observation group was significant lower than that of control group(P0.05).BDNF of observation group was significant higher than that of control group(P0.05).NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr values of observation group were higher than those of control group(P0.05).No significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions was observed between the two groups.Conclusions:Transcranial electrical stimulation combining with quetiapine treatment may improve patients' depressive status by improving cerebral metabolism and promoting the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor inhippocampus.And its safety is high.


In the Joseon period, a variety of organizations existed at the village level such as community compact and various kinds of gye . One of the most important was the dure , which organized the labor of the village and provided aid to its members. Among various peasant organizations in Korean history, the dure were unique because of the social status of its members. This chapter examines their emergence and provides an overview of how they operated, including their involvement in seasonal rituals. The predecessors of the dure included the hyangdo and the various donggye of the Goryeo and Joseon periods. In general, each natural village had its own dure . There were very large villages that had multiple dure and small villages that had none or formed one with neighboring villages. Though rituals for agricultural deities were important to the dure , selecting its officers and managing its finances were even more important. Keywords: community compact; donggye ; dure ; Joseon period; peasant organizations; social status system


Position, navigation, and timing information are critical to today's infrastructures; as a result, the possibility of estimating ranges is being explored in more and more radio systems. One way to achieve this is to extend the modulation with time-synchronised aiding carriers and to estimate their phase at the receiver side. In this paper, we present two ways to minimise the negative influence of the modulation on the phase estimation. We show that the classical maximum likelihood estimator is still an efficient estimator for our problem, using a medium-frequency R-Mode signal as an example, and is therefore used in receiver designs. We then describe two possible ways to precondition the signal to increase the accuracy for short observations. As a first approach, we describe how window functions can positively change the signal-to-noise ratio for our estimation. As a second approach, we show the use of a narrowband bandpass filter. Finally, we show that these approaches, applied to real measurements, improve the variance of the estimate by up to two orders of magnitude.


Platinum-containing groups and porphyrins in the same molecule not only show additivity of the dark toxicity of the platinum moiety and the phototoxicity of the porphyrin system but also a selective enrichment of porphyrin platinum conjugates in tumor tissues compared to platinum-only drugs. Porphyrin platinum conjugates containing amino-porphyrin non-leaving groups and porphyrin-carboxylate leaving groups were synthesized and tested with the mammary carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231.


Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is the exaggerated vasoconstriction of the microvasculature in the extremities in response to cold or emotional stress (1). Primary RP is idiopathic, affecting 4% to 6% of the general population, with substantial geographic variations (2). It is usually a benign, seasonal condition that responds to conservative measures, such as avoiding exposure to cold and wearing protective clothing. In contrast, secondary causes of RP include connective tissue diseases (mainly systemic sclerosis [SSc]), handarm vibration syndrome, vascular compression, and drugs (1, 3). Systemic sclerosisrelated RP may lead to complications, such as digital ulceration and gangrene (1). For symptoms unresponsive to conservative measures, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) are recommended as first-line treatment. The efficacy of CCBs in reducing the severity and frequency of ischemic attacks in primary RP is modest, with few data regarding any improvement in quality of life (4). Currently, no evidence exists that any other drug should be prescribed for patients with primary RP (5). In those with secondary RP, CCBs have decreased the frequency of attacks by approximately 0.6 per day (6). Other vasodilators have been tested as treatments for primary or secondary RP, including phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors. Randomized controlled trials have shown only a moderate reduction in attacks (by about 0.5 per day) in patients with secondary RP treated with PDE5 inhibitors (7). Nonetheless, these drugs have been recommended for patients with SSc and severe RP as well as for those whose symptoms do not respond to CCBs (8). Many patients with RP are not willing to receive daily long-term treatment. Because most patients know the triggers for their attacks, such as exposure to cold, on-demand single doses of vasodilators before or during exposure to cold may be a preferable, safe, and effective approach to therapy. Sildenafil may be a good candidate for several reasons. First, we previously showed the rapid effect of a single oral dose of sildenafil on the skin microcirculation during local cooling (9), which was altered in patients compared with control participants (10). Second, sildenafil has a short elimination half-life, limiting the risk for accumulation. Third, it is well tolerated, as demonstrated by considerable evidence gathered from years of use in erectile dysfunction. The objective of the present study was to estimate the efficacy of on-demand sildenafil in treating moderate to severe primary or secondary RP, through a series of n-of-1 trials. Supplement. Supplementary Material Methods Design of the Trials This study followed the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) 2015 CENT (extension for reporting n-of-1 trials) Statement (11). The n-of-1 study design provides the most rigorous evidence of a treatment's efficacy in 1 patient (1214), and n-of-1 trials are well suited for assessing the efficacy of RP treatments. Heterogeneity in daily activities and environmental conditions, as well as in severity, results in substantial variability, making efficacy challenging to demonstrate in group-based randomized controlled trials; moreover, the effect size is difficult to extrapolate to individual patients. Each n-of-1 trial consisted of a prospective, multiple-crossover study in a single person (Figure 1). After a 2-week run-in period, 2 to 5 blocks were conducted over 2 consecutive winters. Each block consisted of 3 periods: 1 week of placebo, 1 week of sildenafil at 40 mg, and 1 week of sildenafil at 80 mg, with a 48-hour washout between treatment periods. The sequence for each block was randomized by using a block size of 6 so that the same sequence could not be repeated in the same person. Investigators and patients were blinded. Figure 1. Example of a study design for an individual trial including 3 blocks of 3 periods. Within each block, the period sequence (Sil 40, Sil 80, or placebo) was randomized. Sil 40= sildenafil, 40 mg per dose; Sil 80= sildenafil, 80 mg per dose. On the first day of each period in the first block, patients received the first dose from the study kit at the clinical pharmacology unit to assess the drug's effect on skin blood flow during regional cooling. Participants The investigation conformed to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The Grenoble Ethics Committee (Comit de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est V, Institutional Review Board 6705) approved the study on 15 May 2013, and each patient gave written informed consent before participation. Patients were recruited through the vascular medicine department of Grenoble Alpes University Hospital and enrolled at the clinical pharmacology unit between November 2013 and April 2015. All participants were at least 18 years of age and had primary or secondary RP diagnosed according to the criteria of LeRoy and Medsger (15), with at least 7 attacks per week on 5 or more days per week (assessed during the 2 weeks before inclusion). Color charts were used to confirm diagnosis and detail the topography of RP (16). Women of child-bearing potential were required to use effective contraception during the study. Urine pregnancy tests were performed at each visit. The main exclusion criteria are listed in Supplement 1. Patients were given the opportunity to participate in 3 complete blocks during the same winter. Those who were recruited during the first winter were offered additional blocks during the second winter. Intervention On-demand sildenafil at 40 mg and 80 mg per dose was compared with placebo. Dose selection and optimal time of administration were based on a previous study in patients with RP, which assessed the effect of a single dose of sildenafil on digital skin blood flow during local cooling (9). On-demand administration was defined as drug intake (up to 90 minutes) before exposure to a situation known by the patient to trigger an attack, or immediately (up to 5 minutes) after the beginning of an attack. Patients were allowed to receive a maximum of 2 doses per day, with a minimum of 4 hours between doses. Outcomes Outcomes were collected by using daily diary cards (Figure 1 of Supplement 1). When an attack occurred, patients recorded the time the event started and ended in the diary, and its duration was subsequently calculated, as previously described (17). At each visit, the patient and an investigator reviewed all events. After completing each block, patients were asked whether they favored one period over another and, if so, why. Principal outcomes were Raynaud Condition Score (RCS) and the frequency and cumulative duration of attacks over 24 hours. The patient's preference among the 3 periods of the same block (A, B, or C) was collected at the end of each block and analyzed as a secondary outcome. Preference was categorized into 3 groups: placebo always preferred, sildenafil always preferred, and no preference (that is, the patient preferred sildenafil and placebo at least once). Adverse events were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0 (18): Mild symptoms required no intervention; moderate adverse events justified minimal, local, or noninvasive intervention; and severe adverse events were medically significant but not immediately life-threatening. Microvascular reactivity to hand cooling was assessed by measuring cutaneous blood flux by laser speckle contrast imaging, a noninvasive and reproducible technique (1922). Details regarding the procedure are available in Supplement 1. To assess the influence of environmental conditions on the onset of attacks, daily mean temperature and humidity at the weather station closest to the patient's home were recorded (Mto France). Statistical Analysis Patients had to complete at least 2 blocks to be eligible for the main analysis. Descriptive data were expressed as means (SDs) or frequency (percentages). Mixed-effects models were built to assess individual and aggregated treatment efficacy. For each patient, we simultaneously estimated the probability of superiority of sildenafil (40 mg or 80 mg) over placebo for each of the 3 main outcomes in a Bayesian framework (23). Sex, age, daily outdoor temperature and humidity, CCB use, and secondary RP were used as covariates in the models. Caterpillar plots were used to show individual results on the model response scale; they may be interpreted as adjusted relative variations (aRVs) compared with placebo. Details regarding the analyses are available in Supplement 1. How to Interpret This Series of n-of-1 Trials Individual probability of superiority over placebo is the likelihood that sildenafil at 40 mg or at 80 mg will be more effective than placebo in an individual patient. This is measurable in n-of-1 trials because the patient is exposed to both treatments. A probability of 50% means that placebo and sildenafil are equivalent, and a probability close to 100% means that sildenafil is very likely to be more effective than placebo. Data also are expressed as individual aRVs, which represent the magnitude of the effect (effect size) for each patient. For example, an aRV of 0.80 for attack frequency represents a 20% decrease in the number of attacks per day with sildenafil compared with placebo. Aggregated data represent the probability and aRVs across all the patients, as in a standard, group-based clinical trial. Role of the Funding Source The funding sources had no involvement in the design and conduct of the study or in the preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. Results Thirty-eight patients completed the trial with at least 2 blocks. The most common reason for ineligibility was insufficient frequency of attacks during the run-in period. Most patients who completed only 2 blocks did so because the prespecified study duration was reached. One patient discontinued treatment after 1 block because of an adverse event (sympto


This paper proposes the methodology about advisory safety speed based on real-time vehicular data collected from highway. The proposed model is useful information to drivers by appling seamless wireless communication and being collected from ECU(Engine Control Unit) equipment in every vehicle. Furthermore, this model also permits the use of realtime sensing data like as adverse weather and road-surface data. Here, the advisory safety speed is defined "the safety speed for drivers considering the time-dependent traffic condition and road-surface state parameter at uniform section", and the advisory safety speed model is developed by considering the parameters: inter-vehicles safe stopping distance, statistical vehicle speed, and real-time road-surface data. This model is evaluated by using the simulation technique for exploring the relationships between advisory safety speed and the dependent parameters like as traffic parameters(smooth condition and traffic jam), incident parameters(no-accident and accident) and road-surface parameters(dry, wet, snow). A simulation's results based on 12 scenarios show significant relationships and trends between 3 parameters and advisory safety speed. This model suggests that the advisory safety speed has more higher than average travel speed and is changeable by changing real-time incident states and road-surface states. The purpose of the research is to prove the new safety related services which are applicable in SMART Highway as traffic and IT convergence technology.


Nano-architectures are promising alternatives for current CMOS technology, which is facing serious challenges for further down-scaling. However, high failure rates — compared to the conventional CMOS process — lead to multiple faults during lifetime operation of nano-architectures. In this paper, we investigate the outcome of traditional fault-masking techniques in the presence of high fault probabilities. Redundant codes and circuit structures are evaluated in a generic way, using stochastic methods. The original goal was to provide a means to decide, under which conditions, which fault-masking techniques are worthwhile. Our results, however, suggest, that these techniques require extremely low fault rates and/or cause extraordinarily high additional cost.


Management of the clinically N₀ neck in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is still under debate. Tumour spread to the neck is the most important prognostic factor in head and neck cancer patients. The sentinel node technique comprises the identification of the sentinel node by means of dye or isotope or a combination, and surgical removal followed by histological examination. We have reviewed the preliminary reports indicating that sentinel node identification is technically feasible in head and neck cancer surgery, i.e. in solitary and unilaterally oral and pharyngeal cancer stages T1 and T2 with clinical N₀. However, the existing reports enrole observational studies, thus randomised trials should be considered to gain maximum valid data to prove that sentinel node biopsy has an effect on parameters such as loco-regional control and survival.


Motor unit number estimation (MUNE) methods have been found to be better suited than any other electrophysiological test to study the degree and time course of lower motor unit loss. However, MUNE methods have not yet been implemented in clinics and research. This may be because an ideal method has not been developed yet. This review aims to give an overview of the strengths and limitations of the existing MUNE methods, why a new method was necessary and how the novel MScanFit MUNE can overcome some of the limitations that the other methods had. In the end, the existing literature MScanFit applied has been summarised.


Deprea zamorae Barboza & S. Leiva (Solanaceae), a new species from southern Ecuador (Loja and Zamora–Chinchipe), is described and illustrated. It is most similar to D. cyanocarpa , but differs by the presence of minute teeth on the calyx, the ratio of the corolla tube length to the lobe length, the orientation of the fruiting pedicels, and the color and shape of the fruiting calyx. Its distribution does not overlap with that of any other Deprea species. A key for all Deprea species is provided.


This thesis investigates how audio analysis techniques and representations can be used to automate the sequencing of arbitrary sounds in order to provide a higher level and more expressive control over the creation of sample based music. This pursuit required the creation of a mosaicing algorithm prototyping language, which expedites the process of creating and testing different ways to interactively control the creation of audio mosaics. A number of different mosaicing algorithms were written and tested within this framework that gave insight into the efficacy of different audio representations as both a control mechanism for creating audio mosaics and as a mapping between raw samples and their cumulative perceptual effect.


The article examines the modern requirements to teaching at the general and secondary education level and the corresponding changes in educational process at secondary school. Based on the new requirements, the author singles out professional objectives for Physics teachers which define their innovative teaching aims and contents. The author also describes the structure of innovative teaching consisting of its motivational, creative, technological and reflexive components.


Two personality scales, each consisting of twenty-two items with Likert type response options, were administered to sixty-one graduate students. The items were keyed by three methods: a.) Likert weighting, b.) unit weighting, dichotomizing between the agree and disagree options, and c.) unit weighting, dichotomizing as close as possible to p = .50. Internal consistency reliability coefficients were computed for both scales, keyed by the three methods. For both scales, keying method c.) resulted in reliability coefficients as high as those obtained with method a.) . Method b.) however, effected a drastic drop in reliability in the scale with many highly skewed item response distributions. It was concluded that multiple-response personality items with highly skewed response distributions can be useful in a unit weighted keying system if they are dichotomized close to p = .50 rather than between the agree and disagree responses.


Synthesis of Mustard Oil Oxides with Different Substituents

Treatment of N-alkyl-N′-aryl-thioureas with chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride leads to 2-alkyl-4-aryl-3-thiono-1,2,4-thiadiazolidin-3-ones (4). Isomerization of 4 takes place in the presence of strong acids to give 5-alkylimino-4-aryl-1,2,4-dithiazolidin-3-ones (5). 5-Arylimino-4-aryl-1,2,4-dithiazolidin-3-ones with different aromatic substituents (13a–e) are accessible by desulfurization of the corresponding 5-arylimino-4-aryl-1,2,4-dithiazolidin-3-thiones (12) with benzonitril oxide. Structure of 4 follows both from desulfurization to the known 1,2,4-thiadiazolidin-3,5-diones (9) and spectroscopic data.


A Conceptual Model Based on User Needs FRBR, the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, is a conceptual model, establishing the purposes, uses, and requirements for bibliographic records. FRBR sets out "a clearly defined, structured framework for relating the data that are recorded in bibliographic records to the needs of the users of those records." We need such a framework because "the catalog of the future, and even the catalog of the present, isn't like the catalog of the past." Automation, changes in user expectations, increasing opportunities for national and international collaboration, and economic pressures are driving changes in cataloging practices. FRBR can be seen as part of the ongoing evolution of cataloging.


With the rapid growth of the Web scale, large scale search engines have to set up a huge number of machines to place the index files of the Web contents. The index files are normally divided into smaller index shards which are often replicated so that queries can be processed in parallel. We observe that the index shard replication strategy could have a significant impact on the resource utilization of machines. In this paper, we investigate the index shard replication problem with the goal of improving the resource utilization of machines in search engine datacenters. We formulate the problem as a variant of the Multi-Dimensional Vector Bin Packing Problem and propose several strategies to approximate the optimal solution. The proposed strategies are evaluated by extensive experiments using data from real commercial search engines. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. Our work also yields many insights about the impact of different input properties on the performance and the key factors that each strategy is sensitive to. We believe that this paper will provide valuable guidance to the choice of the index shard replication strategy in practice.


The paper presents an energy and exergetic analysis of simple and evacuated tubes solar still. Experimental analysis was carried out on a 1 m2 basin area and a total of 18 evacuated tubes are attached to the lower side of the solar still. The results revealed that the highest exergetic efficiency of 70.8% and 34.6% was achieved in 0.03 m water depth passive and active solar still, respectively. The work is also focused on the evaluation of the exergy destruction in the basin liner, water, and the glass cover of the solar still. The maximum exergy destruction rate was found in the basin liner and the minimum is found in the glass cover for both simple and evacuated tube solar still for all water depths. The maximum exergy destruction of 3068 and 5129 W/m2 was observed in the basin liner of 0.05 m water depth simple and evacuated tube solar still.


DC fuzzy control based on linearity rule is studied,and the linearity fuzzy rule and the Sum-Product reasoning is employed in the paper.The system takes the LM3S101 controller as the core,the speed of the DC motor is detected by infrared measures,and the DC motors is controlled by the PWM pulse-duration modulation pattern.LM3S101 sends data of the DC motors speed through COM port to PC machine simultaneously,and PC displays control result dynamically.The experiment result illustrates that the system has good dynamic and steady characteristic.


To determine whether snoring sound intensity measured after a first soft palate radiofrequency (RF) session for simple snoring helps predict the final result of the treatment.


Aerial photographs and geotechnical field surveys are used to identify landslides in folded, faulted and crushed sedimentary rocks with steep slopes and moderate to high relief. Slope morphology is integrated with rock defects and rock type using maps, sections and stereoplots. This allows the various types of slope movement to be determined. Wide belts of crushed shale give rise to debris flows. Thin beds of crushed shale provide basal ruptures for rockslides or flexural slip zones in complex topples. Fractured limestone either topples or slides, depending upon the amount and direction of dip of the penetrative defects. Mapping of slope deposits provides a measure of the magnitude of landslide hazard. Stratigraphy of the slope deposits is poorly known but with historic records allows an estimate of the hazard frequency. Land development in the area needs to take account of the hazard style in source areas, override zones and debris depocentres. Damage is different, but severe, in all three zones.


Running and Managing education system in any nation is very important task and. The most important sector to be taken care as progress of any nation is based on how string their educational policies are planned and implemented. Across the globe, there is always much stress is paid to bring the education under the reach of common man and government always supports and spend good amount of budget on their education sectors. Today higher education sector in India is undergoing drastic changes and trends of Learning and Teaching is reshaping every moment. Skill based Teaching, ICT based Teaching, Virtual Labs, Massive open online courses and virtual Teaching and Learning modes has brought good opportunities for Learners. In this paper, we are presenting a review of BYOD based practises in higher learning in India and their scope in higher learning.


Two or three years ago there was an outburst of public and professional concern regarding electrical safety in hospitals. General agreement was voiced that the problem was increasing as more and mo...


With the Rapid Development of Mobile Internet Technology, People Hope Access to Internet to get Information and Service Anywhere and Anytime Urgently. Catering Industry also Hopes to Expand the Scope of Business to Network. in this Paper, through the Requirement Analysis, Using the Currently Popular Android System as the Platform, the Authors Study the Mobile Ordering System Based on Android with the Help of Mobile Internet Technology. the System was Considered the Relationship between the Customers and the Sellers, had Established a Perfect Management Mode and Comprehensive Ordering Function, and Realized the Characteristic Function Based on Google Service. the System is Low Cost, Simple Operation, and Mobility. it Solves the Catering Industry's Problems of High Cost on Manpower and Inconvenient Online Ordering.


At the beginning of this century the recovery of typhoid bacilli was reported from the tissues of 10 out of 30 fetuses, all of whose mothers had contracted the disease at varying stages in pregnancy (Hicks and French, 1905). This was by no means the first demonstration that maternal bacterial infection could be transmitted to the unborn child, but the report was important for two reasons. First, it showed that placental transfer of bacterial agglutinins occurred, for an uninfected fetus was found to have a positive Widal reaction. Such transfer had been recorded previously only for the virus infections of measles and variola and for syphilis. Second, it also showed that fetal infection was to some extent dependent on the duration of maternal infection. In the intervening years bacterial infection has become less flamboyant-due to improving social and economic circumstances as much as to the advent of antibacterial drugs-but it seems likely that its subtleties where the fetus and newborn are concerned are as yet only half understood. This paper will seek to review the development of defence mechanisms of the fetus and some of the ways in which the child may be compromised if and when these defences are breached. Several comprehensive recent reviews outline the main events in the immunological calendar of the fetus (Gotoff, 1974; Stiehm, 1975). At about eight weeks of gestation, stem cells from liver or spleen migrate to the thymus to become the origins of the cellular immune or T cell system. After maturation, they leave the thymus to concentrate particularly in lymph nodes and spleen. Development of the antibody or B cell system starts with the synthesis of IgM, mainly in the spleen, at about 11 weeks, IgG synthesis begins a week or so later, whereas formation of IgA does not occur until 30 weeks' gestation. In the absence of antigenic stimulus during intrauterine life levels of IgA and IgM are very low at birth. Active transfer of IgG, the only one of the immune globulins to cross the placenta, takes place largely in the last trimester, so that cord blood levels of IgG equal or exceed those of the mother in the mature infant. Phagocyte and macrophage precursors are present in the liver at eight weeks of intrauterine life, at which time the complement system also starts to form. The individual components ofcomplement and its activity increase steadily throughout gestation, but at birth levels are only 50% those of adult values. This relative deficiency, together with that of IgM antibodies at birth, is probably mainly responsible for the impaired opsonic activity and hence relative inefficiency of phagocytosis where Gram-negative bacteria are concerned. In the past contradictory views have been put forward on the ability or otherwise of amniotic fluid to suppress bacterial growth. Recent work (Larsen et al, 1974a and b; Schlievert et al, 1975a and b) suggests that it does indeed fail to support growth, at least of certain bacteria; that this bactericidal effect is directly related to its concentration and to gestational age; and that this property is due to the presence in it of a specific inhibitor. As others have pointed out (Smith and Eitzman, 1964), nature equips the intant with defence mechanisms that are appropriate for the challenges likely to be met at various stages of existence. Nevertheless preterm birth is an accident which finds the infant ill prepared for bacterial onslaught. There is also evidence accumulating to show that intrauterine growth retardation may be associated with an immune defect persisting into the first year of life (Chandra, 1974). Acute obvious bacterial infection in a pregnant woman is today likely to be treated promptly with antibiotic drugs, and it may well be that unrecognized or chronic maternal bacterial infection is more harmful to the fetus. Bacteriuria may be found in 5 to 8 % of pregnant women depending on age, parity and social class (Kass and Zinner, 1973). An excess of low birth weight infants born to such bacteriuric mothers has been reported (Kass, 1962), and, though this remains a controversial topic, antibiotic therapy to sterilize the urine is believed to reverse this trend. The known relationship between low socioeconomic status and an increased incidence of bacteriuria, and between low socioeconomic status, low birth weight and increased perinatal mortality makes large numbers essential for discrimination of 107 coright.


The School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi organized its second International Conference on Methods and Models in Computer Science, ICM2CS-2010, on December 13–14, 2010. This was the fifth conference organized by the school after the success of the three national conferences and one international conference in past four years. The organizing committee wishes to express their sincere thanks to Prof. B.B. Bhattacharya, Vice Chancellor, Jawaharlal Nehru University for providing support to organize the conference.


(1998). Trade agreements and the continuation of tariff protection policy in Mandate Palestine in the 1930s. Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 164-191.


The Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine is a medical peerreview, open access journal that aims to publish the complete and reliable source of information on discoveries and current developments in the field of generic medicine, which directly helps researchers, clinicians (psychiatrist) and even sufferers to get remedy of the disorder. It is evident from the current published issue that researchers from various countries such as USA, Saudi Arabia, Italy, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Mexico and Sweden are instrumental in addressing the disorder.


ABSRACT

MARCHELA FAUZIA, The Correlation between Self efficacy with Academic Dishonesty in Students Ecducation Economics of Faculty of Economics at State University of Jakarta, Thesis. Jakarta: Cooperative Economic Education, Department of Economics and Education, Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta, December 2014.

This research was conducted in students of Faculty of Economics at State University of Jakarta for 3 (three) months, commenced from October to December 2014. The used method isa survey method with a correlation approach. The population in this study is students economic education of the Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta. Affordable population in this study is thelastyear students of the Faculty of Economics, amounting to 238people. The used sampling technique is sampling proportionate stratified. With error rate 5% from the total of affordable
population is 142people. Based on a model equation of simple linear regression, it produces the regression form ofY =146,70–0,757X. Next, analysis requirement test is to test error normality of regression estimation of Y on X with liliefors test. It concludes that the error estimation of regression of Y on X is distributing normal. This is proved by an estimation showing Lcount (0,045) Ftable (3,94) stating that the regression matters, and linearity test of regression producing Fcount (0,71) <Ftable (1,51). Coefficient test of correlation with product moment formula produces rxy as big as-0,587. Then, significance test of correlation coefficient by using t-test producestcount (-8,57) <-ttable (-1,66). So, it can be summarised that there is a negative
relationship between self efficacy with academic dishonestyin students ofeducation economics
ofthe Faculty of Economics at State University of Jakarta. Coefficient test of determination
produces rxy2 as big as 0,3440. This shows that variabel variance of Y is determinedby the variabel of X.

Keywords:Academic Dishonesty, Self efficacy


The Near Field Communication (NFC) standard is based on the radio‐frequency identification (RFID) standard. Because NFC and High Frequency RFID share the same frequency band, an NFC device cannot operate normally when they coexist. In this letter, we propose a fast identification protocol for the coexistence of NFC and RFID systems. When an RFID reader identifies an NFC device in the tag mode, the RFID reader stops identifying RFID tags and reserves the next slot for the NFC device in the proposed scheme. The NFC device changes its mode to the reader mode and identifies an RFID tag nearby at the allocated slot. We show that the NFC identification delay is reduced by our proposed scheme via analysis and simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The program SMIB was elaborated by Analytical Finance Group (D. Silvestrov, A. Malyarenko and M. Drozdenko) in the frame of the project "Stochastic Modeling of Insurance and Finance Processes and Systems" supported by the Knowledge Foundation. The program is based on multivariate dynamical model describing functioning of an insurance company. This model was developed by D. Silvestrov in co-operation with P. Näyskä and S. Sarvamaa (Sampo Insurance Group, Turku), M. Gyllenberg (University of Turku) and R. Östermark (Åbo Akademi University).


Reader collision problem (RCP) seriously affects the reading efficiency in radio frequency identification (RFID) system s, especially in dense reader environment. This paper proposed a novel cluster based anti-collision solution to deal with the R CP with multiple readers. The existing cluster based solutions do not solve the inter-cluster interference efficiently, and rarely consider the interference among readers that located beyond the overlapping region of clusters. In this paper, multiple clusters are firstly formed based on neighbor node discovery (NND-based Clustering), and the cluster headers (CHs) obtained the intra cluster and neighbor CHs information. Then, the CHs cooperate with their neighbor CHs to allocate resource (time slots) to the slave readers (CHs-Cooperation), which is an optimization problem with objective function of minimizing the interference among readers. The proposed solution solves both the intra-cluster and inter-cluster interferences efficiently and the simulation results show its good performance.


Abstract In sunlight the complex NiII(TPP) {TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin} undergoes photolysis in CH2Cl2 to produce a stable nickel porphyrin π-cation radical [NiIITPP˚]+ species which has been characterised by epr measurement.


This paper is concerned with a comparative analysis of the process of implementing government policies on student admission into, and structural duration of, the early childhood teacher education (ECTE) certificate programme in Kenya. It examines the extent of probability of this process contributing to solution of the twin-problem of shortage of qualified teachers and poor quality education in early childhood education (ECE) centres. The worldwide rising aspirations in people in the social sector have culminated in a demand for access to education for young children. This demand has led to expansion of (ECE) centres, resulting in: shortage of qualified teachers and poor quality education in these centres. In contribution to solution of this problem, the government has formulated policies of reform designed to guide (ECTE) institutions on: student admission requirements and structural duration of the ECTE certificate programme. Government assumption has been that, if the institutions implement them, then the problem would be solved. This paper, first, analyses the context of the problem of shortage of qualified teachers and poor quality education in ECE centres. Second, it rationalizes stated government policies deemed as likely to contribute to solution of this problem. Third, a central intention is description of the actual implementation process, as used by current comparative education research techniques found in the field: a


In the last two columns, we focused on the importance of placing critical thinking at the heart of ethics instruction and ethics at the heart of all instruction. We also provided subject domain examples of how this might be done. In this column, I will focus on helping students understand the foundations of ethical reasoning so that they can develop their general ability to think critically through ethical issues across multiple domains of instruction. For students to become skilled at ethical reasoning, they must understand what is intellectually required when reasoning through ethical questions. Good-heartedness is not enough; students must be well-grounded in fundamental ethical concepts and principles. These are essential to all quality ethical reasoning. Students must be able to identify the ethical principles relevant to any particular ethical situation and acquire the intellectual skills which enable them to reasonably apply those principles to any particular ethical case. Moreover, they must come to see that ethical principles alone do not settle most ethical questions. For example, ethical principles can be applied differently depending on the complexity of the case, and some ethical questions are quite complex. Consider for instance, the question: Should the United States maintain relations with countries that violate human rights? The most important ethical concepts relevant to this question are justice and integrity, yet clearly there are matters of practicality and effectiveness that must be considered as well. Justice and integrity would seem to require cutting off relations with any country violating fundamental human rights. Yet is isolating and confronting such countries the most effective way to achieve these high moral ends? What is more, history reminds us that virtually all countries violate human rights in one form or another, ourselves not excluded. To what extent do we have the right to demand that others live up to standards that we ourselves often fail to meet? Moreover, is there even any hope for creating a more just and humane world, or are humans in general so unethical as to be hopeless? These are the kinds of challenging ethical issues often lurking behind the simplistic responses of the good-hearted, on the one hand, and the cynical, on the other. Although ethical reasoning can undoubtedly be complex and occur in a variety of subject domains, there are important foundations upon which all highly skilled ethical thinking must rest. I will focus on the following three in this column. 1. The vital role that ethical concepts and principles play in ethical reasoning. 2. The importance of distinguishing between ethics and other domains of thinking with which ethics is commonly confused. 3. The powerful barrier to ethical reasoning created by native human self-interest and narrow-mindedness. If any of these three foundations is missing in a person's ethical reasoning, that reasoning will likely be flawed. Ethical Concepts and Principles For every ethical question, some ethical concept or set of concepts directly relevant to the question must be identified. In other words, one cannot think ethically if one does not clearly understand the force of moral terms and distinctions and how they apply. Some of the most basic ethical concepts include honesty, integrity, justice, equality, and respect. Take, for example, the question: Are there any conditions under which euthanasia is ethically justifiable? Certainly there are any number of instances when euthanasia is not justified. However, to consider the question of whether it is ever ethically justified, one must consider the various conditions under which euthanasia seems plausible. Consider cases involving people who are suffering miserably from terminal diseases. Within this group, there are some who plead with us to end their suffering by helping them end their lives (since, though in torment, they cannot end their lives without the assistance of another person). …


the role of US for the selection of radial arteries for CABG procedure is presented. Some 11% of radial arteries are found that should not be harvested for CABG conduit


This paper analyzes the theories and realistic bases for western normal universities to probe into enterprise education,and taking the practice of enterprise education reform in Sichuan Normal University as an example,it expatiates upon the educational innovations of enterprise education in normal universities.


Purpose: This study was to investigate effect of social support on health status in elderly Method: Participants recruited in Chung-Choo city from February 9 to Febtuary 28, 2004. Data was obtained from 'The Multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support and Short Form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire of the elderly aged 65 older. Subjects were 307 to collect data analyzed by the SPSS 11. Results:Results of this study revealed that elderly who live in rural community, male, young age, have a spouse, high education and have a religion measured high score in social support and health status. There was significant positively correlated social support and health status. Conclusion: It is expected to make possible united health and welfare system for elderly of quality of life.


Summary and Conclusions 1. A method is described for the quantitative determination of coproporphyrin in the brain. 2. The concentration! and total content of the coproporphyrin of normal rabbit brains was compared with that of brains from rabbits, in which acute lead poisoning was induced. No variation was observed.


We consider a modified time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model (TDGL) and layer model of Lawrence–Doniach to study the thermal properties in iron-based superconductors. We try to calculate the specific heat, and obtain some formulae. The expressions will be useful in the discussions of some of the most recent experimental data.


The sensing technology that is enabling vehicle automation also can revolutionize traffic intersection safety, control, and efficiency. Infrastructure spatial-sensing technology refers to the deployment of sensors that can detect and track all objects in the field of view—for example, mounting LiDAR (light detection and ranging) sensors, radar, and video imaging at an intersection and fusing the data to produce a three-dimensional dynamic operational awareness. Combining such sensing capability with fail-safe vehicle communications can facilitate applications such as eco-approach and departure, optimizing efficient vehicle-signal coordination, and reducing traffic accidents through increased safety. Furthermore, evidence is mounting suggesting that infrastructure-based sensing is needed in order to safely deploy automated public mobility alongside the normal vehicle and pedestrian traffic in our cities. Six speakers were invited to present their work from various aspects (safety, efficiency, and automation) addressing infrastructure-based sensing at the workshop on Infrastructure Spatial Sensing hosted in Washington, D.C. as part of the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting on January 12, 2020. The details of the workshop, including a brief agenda, can be found at https://annualmeeting.mytrb.org/Workshop/Details/13387. A series of presentations touched on the full envelope of possible benefits from Infrastructure Spatial Sensing. Dr. Zhong presented a framework to estimate the gross domestic product (GDP)-weighted energy equivalence of safety (EES) at intersections based on previous studies of the economic impact of crashes, combined with national-level energy consumption data. Using the ratio of GDP to the total annual energy consumption, highly researched economic impacts were converted to EES impacts for various crash severity levels. The framework, illustrated in Figure 4, explores EES insights through multiple years from 2010 to 2017, and assesses the potential GDP-weighted energy benefits of infrastructure spatial sensing at intersections resulting from increased safety. The energy equivalence of safety study suggests, and underscores, that crash avoidance is paramount at intersections, and systems that can reduce crash frequency will have an order of magnitude (or more) impact on GDP-weighted equivalent energy compared to the direct energy efficiency improvements from reducing stops and smoothing traffic flow. This approach provides a holistic view of the value of safety and energy, which is compatible with hazard exposure and embodied energy of human life and can be applied to national, state, and local levels of crash analysis. The total GDP-weighted EES for the United States is estimated at 17.24 billion gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) in 2017, while the energy costs per fatal crash are valued at 200,259 GGE in 2017. Figure 5 illustrates the contrast between of fuel wasted by congestion (recurring and nonrecurring congestion) as reported by the Urban Mobility Report as compared to the comprehensive GDP-weighted equivalent energy impacts of all fatal, bodily injury, and property-damage-only crashes in 2017. automated and unmanned transport systems that utilize communications technology as an integral part of the control in operation for decades, in the form of automated train control and automated people movers (prevalent at large The safety design approach utilizing interlocking to protect provides a replicable model for safe application of AV transport technology on when operated in managed fleets. The concept of as an independent and failsafe subsystem deployed at each intersection is a relevant safety approach for AV fleets operated for public mobility within a geofenced area, as an Signalized intersections are at the heart of most urban environments, where pedestrians, cyclists, vehicles, transit, and transport interact. With advancements in video detection capabilities, Miovision is undertaking research and development of multimodal detection and advanced scene understanding. This presentation discussed Miovision's AI data-processing approach for video from Miovision's 360-degree video detection system, SmartSense. The approach supports applications such as multimodal detection and analytics and provides the basis to understand roadside scenarios of people and vehicles. Whereas Miovision is already deployed as a sensor replacement, the sophistication of the video-based technology continues to evolve, approaching the ability to detect, label, and track all objects in the field of view. primary phase is detected. Although technically simple, this approach advances safety by avoiding dilemma-zone issues related to mainstream vehicles and platoons, and smooths traffic flow by avoiding unnecessary interruptions to platoons on the main arterial. This presentation examined preliminary results from a system that integrates vehicle speed and position data from a radar detection system directly into side-street actuated control logic, using an algorithm that seeks to minimize dilemma-zone impacts and, secondarily, reduce mainline stops. Preliminary results from field implementation at three intersections in Colorado Springs yields a 98% reduction in dilemma-zone vehicles and a 38% reduction in mainline stops, based on visual observation of traffic data.


Abstract : The propagation of non-ideal blast waves initiated by finite power density sources has been classified into three regimes. The early-time motion of a non-ideal blast reflects the characteristics of the energy-time profile of the particular initiation energy source. In the intermediate-time propagation regime, the flow field in the neighborhood of the shock front progressively forgets the non-idealities of the initiation source. In the late-time or asymptotic regime, the shock hydrodynamics of non-ideal blast waves approaches that of ideal blasts with counterpressure effects. It is also found that energy scaling with respect to the explosion length exists for the present, non-ideal blast waves generated by an impulsive piston. (Author)


The antiferromagnetic semiconductor CuFeS$_2$ belongs to a magnetic symmetry class that is of interest for spintronics applications. In addition, its crystal lattice is compatible with Si, making it possible to integrate it with non-magnetic semiconducting structures. Therefore, we investigate this material by finding the effective $\boldsymbol{k}\cdot\boldsymbol{p}$ Hamiltonian for the electron- and hole bands. We base this description on \textit{ab initio} calculations and classify the electronic bands by their symmetry. As a result, we find that CuFeS$_2$ exhibits spin-polarized bands and an anomalous Hall effect. Finally, we suggest using cyclotron resonance to verify our proposed effective mass tensors at the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum.


We have recently undertaken a study of diabetic
patients that examines the influence of
sex on the probability of presenting with coronary
heart disease (CHD) related events. This
work has been presented in a preliminary
form,' and contrasts with the findings of previous
work.23
The relation between sex and heart disease
is complicated by other factors-for example,
in 1993 Petticrew et al showed that women
were being discriminated against since they
were less likely than men to undergo cardiac
surgery.4 Women also appeared to receive
treatment such as thrombolysis less frequently
than men.5 6 In preparing our analysis of diabetic
patients for full publication, it was
pointed out by an informal but independent
reviewer that one of the assumptions underlying
the work, and critical to its validity, was
mistaken. The assumption we had made was
that women and men had equal probability of
being admitted to hospital alive for treatment
of cardiac events such as acute myocardial
infarction, and therefore that both had equal
probability of dying at home or outside hospital.
Anecdotal reasons given for this possible
source of bias include the hypothesis that general
practitioners are less likely to identify
chest pain in women as resulting from myocardial
infarction (essentially discrimination), and
that women themselves were less likely than
men to identify cardiac symptoms.


Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is an excellent water-soluble dietary antioxidant, well known to protect the biomolecules from oxidative stress-linked damages. It is reported to show a contrary behavior by inflicting pro-oxidant effects under varied, altered circumstances. The present work is an attempt to study the antioxidant and pro-oxidant behavior of ascorbic acid in Musca domestica larvae. Its pro-oxidant properties were tested by exposing the larvae to various concentrations of ascorbic acid. For confirming its oxidant scavenging properties, its effects on the antioxidant enzyme profiles were studied in both the normal and stress-induced M. domestica larvae. Oxidative stress was induced by adding D-Galactose (D-Gal) to the normal food supplement of the larvae. Outcomes of the study demonstrate that ascorbic acid acts as an efficient antioxidant when added in lower concentrations, but at high concentrations, it induces oxidative stress in the larvae, thus acting as a pro-oxidant. At the concentration of 10 mM, ascorbic acid significantly reduced the oxidative stress induced by D-Gal (p < 0.05) and maintained the percent pupal survival and percent eclosion. In conclusion, we suggest that ascorbic acid may function as an antioxidant and pro-oxidant in a concentration-dependent manner under normal physiological conditions.


This work studied the ball indentation test at room temperature to characterize the local tensile properties of bi-metallic weld joints. The weld specimens used were fabricated by joining between SA 508 Gr. 3 ferritic steel and Type 304LN stainless steel with Alloy 82 buttering on the ferritic steel side and Alloy 82/182 weld metal. The test results showed that yield stress (YS) of weld metal was slightly higher than that of Type 304 and smaller than that of SA508 Gr.3, and ultimate tensile stress (UTS) of weld metal was similar as those of Type 304 and SA508 Gr.3 base metals. Also, the values of YS and UTS of buttering layer (Alloy 82) were nearly same as those of weld metal. Heat-affected-zones (HAZs) showed higher YS and UTS values compared to their base metals.


This is an overview of the Innovative Bridge Research and Construction Program operated by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The six-year program, which ends in 2003, looks for new ways to build with new materials, new technologies to evaluate bridges, and new materials and methods that will make bridges more resistant to natural disasters. The 157 projects funded so far have used high- performance concrete, high-performance steel girders, and fiber- reinforced polymer composite girders, as well as alternate rebars of stainless steel and high-performance steel. The FHWA is soliciting proposals for 2002 projects in March and has a Web site, , with tips and databases on materials and techniques.


The objective of this study is to determine the leadership style of the Director of Industrial Engineering Programme of Arturo Prat University, located in Iquique, Chile. For information-collecting process, a Chilean organizational reality adapted Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire MLQ 5X was applied to academics and Director. The study determines that of the evaluated leadership styles (Transformational Leadership, Transactional leadership and Laissez faire), the leader has characteristics of transformational and transactional leadership with a difference of about 9%, being the first of them higher, achieving both leadership styles according to the context, along with other variables such as effectiveness and satisfaction, evaluated by the classifiers. This result is supported by the study and analysis of "Model of the nine dimensions of full range leadership".


The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder instrument uses radiant coolers to reduce the operating temperature of the detectors and filter wheel. GOES resides in an equatorial orbit 36,000 kilometers above the earth, and is stationary with respect to it. During the year, all sides of the spacecraft are exposed to the sun; the filter wheel emitter and detector radiators must be shielded form it to adequately cooled these components for nominal operations.Mirror Optical Solar Reflectors are used too reject sunlight before it can strike the radiators. Molecular outgassing from the Sounder instrument cavity, the filter wheel module, and the Sounder vacuum cooler housing have been demonstrated through mass transport modeling to contaminate the filter wheel sunshield panels during the in- orbit Radiant Cooler bakeout. Excessive molecular and particulate contamination can increase solar energy scatter, increase thermal emittance, and increase solar absorptance; all of which can increase the temperature of the components they serve, thus degrading nominal operations. After the GOES-K spacecraft thermal vacuum test, a haze was observed on and around the entrance aperture, and on the inside faces the filter wheel cooler sunshield. This paper documents the inspections, testing, and analysis used to: a) locate the likely sources for the contaminants, b) predict molecular contaminant accumulation on the filter wheel sunshields during the in-orbit bakeout, c) estimate the thermal effects from molecular build-up, and d) assess proposed hardware modifications and show the selection rationale used to maintain functionality for the GOES-K Sounder instrument.


SummaryA total of 10 758 measurements were made on the thorax and its appendages of 269 haploid and 295 diploid drones, 109 queens, and 248 workers. All individuals originated from 12 queens of Apis mellifera ligustica, A. m. adansonii, their backcrosses and some hybrids.The structures measured were mostly larger in diploid than in haploid drones. The number of bristles on the forewing and the number of hooks on the hindwing were lower in diploids, and the cubital index was similar in the two types of drone. The relationships for the same characters in queens and workers were different; diploid drone characters were variously super-male, male or female, or caste characters.


Classification based on shape is central to the problem of discriminating between unexploded ordnance (UXO) and clutter. Most UXO fit a specific profile: they are long and slender with typical length-to-diameter aspect ratios of four or five. Most clutter items, on the other hand, do not fit this profile. Using electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor data, we present a model-based estimation procedure to determine whether or not a target is likely to be a UXO item. The model relies on exploiting the dependence of the induced field on target size, shape and orientation. Carefully collected measurements using a modified EM61 from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Multi-sensor Towed Array Detection System ( MTADS) are used to establish this dependency.


As educators begin to address the roles of identification, evaluation, and management of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), teachers remain relatively uninformed about their role in medical management. This article addresses the critical issues in the medication management of students with AD/HD in the classroom. The issues of considering, trying, and optimizing stimulant medication effects are discussed. Medication side effects and their manctgement, along with long-term management issues, are highlighted.


One of the boundaries of environmental management to small towns lies in that the main body of management has little consciousness and its participation is seriously insufficient.Accordingly,the social workers involve in this domain to possibly construct the win-win pattern.At one side,the social workers can expand their existing space and influence scope.And at the other side,while helping the victims encountered by environmental problems,they can cultivate the main body of actively participating in the management.


Abstract It is a fact that Masnawi-e Manawi is a large and reliable treasury of human values and perfections. The Most moral excellences and human beauties which its conception seems possible in the human thought are gathered in Masnawi-e Manawi and make this big and historic book, permanent and attractive. From this aspect, Masnawi Manawi should be named, the gatherer of excellences. Masnawi is a god seeking and theism book and the all purposes Mawlana at this book is that the humankind should recognize himself and his god as good as possible and in the light of recognizing his god worship him and manage and settle his own life. Masnawi-e Manawi is including at the range of attractive and acceptable books. And the Presence of various human concepts and values in this great book are . the main reason for this claim. Also, it is mentionable that the wide presence of the holy Quran's matters and concepts in the allover of Masnawi is other basic reason of immortalizing this great book. (Masnawi). In truth Masnawi-e Manawi seems like an encyclopedia that, embrace permanent matters and from its creation time up to now slake the thirst of those mans who are desirous of liberal arts. Doubtless the main reason of attractiveness of Masnawi-e Manawi is the presence of human values and concepts in the allover of this great book. Structured Abstract The leafs of Persian History and literature's texts, specially leaf's of Persian's poem are full of permanent and valuable concepts. But at this field, we have some independent books which receive the high and valuable senses and to stay for this reason. Doubtless Masnawi Mawlana Jalaluddin Mohammad-e Balkhi is the foremost of pointed books. This essay allocated to investigate the big  discussions and concepts in the context of Mawlana Jalaluddin Mohammad-e Balkhi's poem and speech, like fellowship, equanimity, self- examination, consciousness, curtsy, humility, humanitarianism, benevolence, avoiding from fanaticism, mental independence, avoiding from imitation, liberality, avoiding from faultfinding, leniency, avoiding from indignation, decorum and so on. And it is indisputable that the subjects which have mentioned, including in the category of high humanitarian values and account as original and central factor of attraction of Mawlana's speech in Masnawi.  Masnawi-e Manawi is book of all centuries and times. This big literary work for the reason of having unique privilege characteristics has accepted by different nations, critics and wises and become constant and permanent. The main reasons which have made Masnawi permanent and attractive are two issues: one is that this big and impressive book is field of presence and manifestation of Quraanian issues and concepts and our scholarly and critics are agree in this matter. For example, Mawlana Abdurrahman-e-Jami which is one of our cultural and civilizational honorable poems, gnostic and scholarly has told: مثنـــوی معنـــوی مــولـوی                       هست قرآن در زبان پهلوی The second reason for our claim is that Mawlana Jalaluddin Mohammad sketched and developed such constant and permanent senses. The concepts like fellowship, equanimity, self- examination, consciousness, humility, humanitarianism, truthfulness, kindness, benevolence, avoiding from fanaticism, mental independence, avoiding from imitation, liberality, avoiding from faultfinding, leniency, avoiding from indignation, decorum and so on. The reason which has made Masnawi-e Mawlana attractive and permanent is this matter that this book has many many attractive and permanent issues and senses in its text and heart. The humanitarian values that are acceptable and honorable among all the nations and ideas are attractive and permanent. Truth and honesty are indestructible, humanitarianism and benevolence are abiding and immortal, humility and curtsy are permanent, and fellowship and kindness are eternal and immortal values. doubtless This honorable and big book (Masnawi) is a big and reliable treasury of human values and perfections. The Most moral excellences and human beauties which its conception seems possible in the human thought are gathered in Masnawi-e Mawlana and make this big and historic book, permanent and attractive. From this aspect, Masnawi-e Mawlana should be named, the gatherer of excellences. Masnawi is all over a piety and theism book and the Mawlana,s all purposes at this book are that the human kind should recognize himself and his god as good as possible and in the light of recognizing his god, worship him and manage and settle his own life. As we have mentioned, the main and central reason that have made Masnawi like a valuable and acceptable book for majority of scholarly persons is presence of various humanitarian senses and and values in this book. It is also mentionable that in addition of the matters that have mentioned, one of another main proof that changes Masnawi to a stable and permanent book is wide and powerful presence of Quraanian subjects and senses in Masnawi which you can see in allover parts of this book. In truth, Masnawi-e Mawlana seems like an encyclopedia that embrace permanent matters and from its creation time up to now slake the thirst of those persons who are desirous of human knowledges and liberal arts. doubtless the main reason of attractiveness of Masnawi-e Manawi is the presence of human values and concepts in the allover of this great book. Our social needs and mental and intellectual necessities to commend that  be attended carefully  to high and great concepts and senses which are gathering in the books of literature and gnosis persons, like Mawlana-e Balkhi and should with full insight and intelligence drink sips from this infinite ocean and gate advantages from this great treasury and by resorting to the luminosity and spirituality of Masnawi end to despotic rule of disasters, anti-values and calamities in our inward an external world.


This issue explores how macromarketing theory and research can contribute to our understanding of marketing systems and development. The articles by Bonsu and Polsa, Llamas and Belk, and Polsa and Xiu came out of the 11th ISMD International Conference on Markets and Development, Hanoi, Vietnam, January 5–8, 2010. The articles by Laczniak and Kennedy and Oneto and Arnould were presented at the 35th Annual Macromarketing Conference, University of Wyoming, June 9–12, 2010. The Journal of Macromarketing has been a long-standing sponsor of both conferences and has provided its pages as a forum for the best work on marketing and development to emerge from these meetings.


Migration of vacancies in crystalline, n-type silicon at room temperature from Ge+-implanted (150 keV, 5×109–1×1011 cm−2) surface layers was studied by tracing the presence of P–V pairs (E centers) in the underlying layer using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Under the conditions we have examined, the vacancies migrate to a maximum depth of about 1 μm and at least one vacancy per implanted Ge ion migrates into the silicon crystal. The annealing of the E centers is accompanied, in an almost one-to-one fashion, by the appearance of a new DLTS line corresponding to a level at EC−Et≈0.15 eV that has donor character. It is argued that the center associated with this line is most probably the P2–V complex; it anneals at about 550 K. A lower limit of the RT-diffusion coefficient of the doubly charged, negative vacancy is estimated to be 4×10−11 cm2/s.


The aim of the study was to determine the connections between adverse childhood experiences and complex posttraumatic disorders and attachment types in women with externalisation (addictions, crime) and internalisation disorders (anxiety disorders and mixed anxiety-depressive disorders). The examined groups of women internalisation and externalisation differ both in terms of intensity and the scope of adverse childhood experiences, as well as in complex post-traumatic stress and attachment extent. The results obtained and the conclusions drawn from the research indicate that it is necessary to include a detailed diagnosis of adverse childhood experiences and traumas in the therapy and social rehabilitation of women with internalisation and externalisation disorders.


The purpose of this study is to proved that musik reinterpretation is the most important aspect for both musikians and audiences in enjoying art musik. This is because in recent years there has been a declined in album sales and the number of audience for performing arts musik. So that the efforts of musikians to reinterpret various art musik repertoires by presenting new perspectives and impressions which in turn are expected to increased interest in art musik. The concept of emotion from Mehrabian-Russell in Bakker (1977) is used to understand the mechanism of emotional responses experienced by the audience after being treated by the modification of musikal reinterpretation. Then measurements were designed based on Westbrook & Reilly's theory of consumer satisfaction in Atila and Fisun Yüksel (2008) to identify the emotional responses which is the main factor in audiences satisfaction after listening to the repertoire being played. Mixed methods were used through a case study approach and a one-group experimental design with post-treatment measurements (One-group posttest-only design). Musikians recorded Allemande from Suite No. 6 for Johann Sebastian Bach's cello through the first video in the original style and in the second video, interpreting it in a romantic sense. Some of the musikal elements manipulated were tempo, dynamics, timbre and musikians' gestures. After the audience watched the two videos, they filled out a questionnaire to find out the emotional responses such as 'happy', 'joyful', 'sad', and 'bored'. The results showed that 56.4% did not experience pleasure and excitement when watching the first video. Then 73.8% of viewers experienced the emotions of 'fun' and 'joy' when watching the second video. The conclusion shows that reinterpretation of a repertoire is important because it can bring new perspectives and impressions to attract attention and give satisfaction to the audience.


In a world of dynamic and discontinuous change, public administrations are constantly requested to adapt themselves to new conditions so that they are prepared to survive and flourish in an increasingly competitive environment. In such a dynamic landscape, public administrations are re-examining the ways they treat their knowledge assets and they are identifying new and reorganising existing processes in which they can exploit them more effectively in the future. Therefore, efficient management of knowledge intensive processes has attracted increasing attention. Semantic technologies qualify as enabling technology to handle structured as well as unstructured parts and data of knowledge intensive processes, thus supporting two crucial roles a knowledge worker has to fill in a business process oriented environment: Support for process executers in the efficient, standardized but still flexible execution of business processes and support for process engineers in the definition of such standardized processes based on existing work practice. The goal of our approach is to resolve the dilemma of flexibility for knowledge workers versus organizational needs for standardization and control by supporting the grass roots development and evolution of workflows.


36 year old gentleman referred by his GP with poor libido and erectile dysfunction . No other symptoms of hypogonadism or of pituitary disease. . Previously fit and well. Teetotal . On no medication. Patient an avid fitness fanatic. He had never knowingly used anabolic steroids. However, he had taken a 'nutritional supplement' called TBullets (purchased from a sports nutrition shop to improve his gym performance) for 20 days until just before GP's referral. Examination revealed a well virilised gentleman with no signs of hypogonadism.


This article maps the structure for understanding the Dominican transnational field. By transnational field we refer to a web of linkages that affects the lives of Dominicans in their places of residence in every social field. We find that social boundaries of the nation do not coincide with political ones and the degree of participation in transnational exchanges varies. We suggest that the structure of the transnational social field is better understood by establishing and defining broad and narrow transnational social practices.


Using observations of US governmental, advocacy and human service organizations' (GAHSOs) talks, I show how these intermediary organizations endorsed 'bounded relationality' when teaching conventions about exchanges in the social insurance market. Bounded relationality synthesizes (a) Simon's argument that organizations' goals and practices help people compensate for bounded rationality—their cognitive limitations with decision-making—and (b) Zelizer's relational work, which emphasizes how social relations animate market exchanges. GAHSOs attempted to acculturate older adults and their agents to decision-making routines of information-gathering and processing consumers, savvy information-seekers and watchful monitors. GAHSOs advised routinizing relational work toward making exchanges, including layperson relational work by family members and friends and expert relational work by professionals and advocacy and human service organizations. Bounded relationality supported people's decision-making when initiating, maintaining or ending exchanges that organizations would recognize and process. By studying how intermediary actors facilitate bounded relationality, we understand how organizations encourage consumer exchanges.


An overview on nonlinear reconfigurable flight control approaches that have been demonstrated in flight-test or highfidelity simulation is presented.Various approaches for reconfigurable flight control systems are considered,including nonlinear dynamic inversion,parameter identification and neural network technologies,backstepping and model predictive control approaches.The recent research work,flight tests,and potential strength and weakness of each approach are discussed objectively in order to give readers and researchers some reference.Finally,possible future directions and open problems in this area are addressed.


A General Equilibrium Model of Family Remittances to Cuba: Or Why Is It So Expensive to Send Money to the Island? is part of the 2002 Annual Proceedings of The Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy.


Abstract: Playing both neuroprotective and educational roles, introperative neurophysiology has become an intrinsic part of modern neurosurgery. In this article, we present evidence substantiating the neuroprotective role of intraoperative neurophysiology, specifically its capacity to help prevent injury to the corticospinal tracts and the dorsal columns during spinal cord injury.


Cultural Heritage applications have often exploited 3D reconstructions in order to better convey contents, but virtual environments need also new solutions to be accessed in a flexible as possible way. X3DOM, Blender Game Engine and OSG4WEB are three different tools able to perform on-line, mobile and desktop visualisations, each one with pros and cons. Do they meet the requirements raised by Cultural Heritage curators? This paper will be offering an overview of these navigation tools by means of some case studies in order to better highlight problems and opportunities.


An apparatus for manufacturing a moisturized standard gas for calibration of a gas detector is provided to correct the moisture of the measured gas to obtain a reproducible measured value. An apparatus for manufacturing a moisturized standard gas for calibration of a gas detector includes a dried air quantity regulator and an injection opening(100), humidifying impingers(200,210), a standard gas flow quantity regulator and an injection opening(110), a mixing container(300), a second temperature regulator(610), and a calibrating humidification gas container(400), and a first temperature regulator(600). A humidification standard gas formed by mixing a humidified air and a standard gas in the mixing container is introduced into the calibrating humidification gas container.


Two polymerizable cationic surfactants, vinylbenzyl n-alkyldimethyl (n = 12 or 18) ammonium chlorides, were used for functionalization of montmorillonite (MMT) and preparation of unsaturated polyester (UP)-clay nanocomposites. Polymerizable organophilic clays were prepared by exchanging the sodium ions of MMT with vinylbenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (VDAC) or vinylbenzyloctadecyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride (VOAC) in an aqueous medium. The dispersion of organoclays in UP led to gel formation. UP/VDAC-MMT resulted in intercalated nanocomposites while UP/VOAC-MMT formed partially exfoliated nanocomposites. The nanocomposites exhibited higher dynamic modulus than pristine UP.