Multicasting is emerging as an important application in both cellular networks and wireless sensor networks. We consider several schemes for enhancing throughput and coverage for streaming multicast sessions by allowing intermediate nodes to relay information from the source. The schemes exploit the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, and techniques such as received signal combining and network coding to enhance performance while guaranteeing that a constant streaming delay is experienced by every user. The performance metric used for comparison is the throughput achieved at a given area coverage probability. Specifically, we study techniques such as decode-and-forward, amplify-and-forward, and pipelining and compare their performances through simulations in the context of a cellular network with relays and show that significant performance benefits are obtained through such schemes


Sir,?In reply to your correspondent Adolphe Passanha, M. A., who asks if it is usual to obtain a green colour when dispensing Antipyrin and Sp. Eth. Nit. together, I may perhaps be allowed to state such is the usual result, unless the Sp. Eth. Nit. is freely diluted and added last, which even then will not always prevent this characteristic colour. See Squire, 15th Edition, p. 73. Tests.?The aqueous solution (l'lOOO) treated with Sp. Eth. Nit. gives a characteristic green colour in about a minute.


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This paper describes an application of fuzzy logic to an industrial temperature control system. It is a hybrid system of an advanced 2-degree-of- freedom PID controller unit and a fuzzy logic unit. The PID controller functions as a main control component while the fuzzy logical unit functions as a disturbance compensator. The 2-degree-of-freedom PID controller uses a feed forward operator to enhance the system's response to a desired value and allows simultaneous adjustments on target tracking and disturbance response. The fuzzy logic unit enables a simultaneous reduction of the disturbance recovery time and the overshoot amount. Both PID and fuzzy control parameters are tuned automatically, simplifying the user interaction. This hybrid control system has been successfully used in various industrial applications, and some of them are described in this paper.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


Computer Software Professional technical schools will basically create "visual foxpro database management and applica tion" of this course,the loop structure of the curriculum statement is a priority,but also a difficulty.Interest in the use of induction method is through some very interesting example,to stimulate students' interest in learning,and easy to difficult,step by step to complete some of the more complex programming to stimulate active learning,improving learning and thinking skills,then grasp the loop statement of the essence.


Adsorption on oyster shell powder (OS) was combined with gliding electric discharge to abate pollution of surface waters sampled in brooks passing through large Cameroonian cities and collecting industrial and domestic wastes. OS powder incorporated into the aqueous samples after exposure to the discharge improved pollutant abatement as compared to the plasma treatment alone. The process kinetics involved pseudo zero-order reactions for treatments longer than 5 min. Total organic carbon linearly decreases with increasing exposure time to the discharge (k ≈ 0.13 mgC L−1 min−1 for a 1 g L−1 standard OS charge). The rate constant linearly increases with the incorporated OS mass, which increases the sample pH. The coupled process is more efficient than a single plasma treatment of the polluted liquid in terms of operation cost, waste abatement ratio, and reaction rate. A chemical model involving known plasma generated species and matching acid−base effects is proposed.


Due to the increase of field surveys using Time Domain Electromagnetic Methods (TDEM), new algorithms for data processing have been developed. In order to contribute to the use of TDEM, the program ImagEM 2D modeling program for TDEM data was developed. The ImagEM has subroutines to execute preprocessing, processing (simplified inversion through the secant method) and imaging of secondary field profiles of resistivity contour lines and depth section resistivity for ground and air data, beyond the target modeling (dip, direction and depth). Maps can be obtained through the methods of Kriging, or Inverse Distance Square. This thesis presents three articles. The first article was applied to synthetic data models with two and three layers, with resistivity ranging from 10 to 100 Ω.m and depth ranging between 100 and 400m. In the second article the program was submitted to data collected in Carajás using the PROTEM equipment (Geonics), the inversion routine recovered the resistivity values ranging from 1.10 4 and 2.10 4 Ω.m and depth values from 50 to 400m. Also, it was possible to describe the features of conductive regions and the change in its direction. In the last article we use airborne electromagnetic data (AEM) from the Basin of San Pedro (USA), obtained by GEOTEM with three components (x, y and z). Applying a Hilbert


The presence of non-Gaussian impulsive noise in wireless system can degrade the performance of existing equalizers and signal detectors. In this paper, the problem of blind source separation and equalization for Multiple Input/Multiple Output systems in heavy-tailed impulsive noise is studied. A generalized multi-user constant modulus cost function by employing the fractional lower-order constant modulus property of the equalizer input signals as well as the fractional lower-order cross-correlations between them is proposed. The associated adaptive blind equalization algorithm based on a stochastic gradient descent method is defined as fractional lowerorder multi-user constant modulus algorithm (FLOS_MU_CMA). Computer simulations are presented to illustrate the performance of the new algorithm.


Field experiments were carried out to assess the effects of different tillage practices on second crop sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) after wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the growing seasons of 2008 and 2009 in Aksu, Antalya, Turkey. The experimental design included no-till sowing into wet soil (NTW), no-till sowing into dry soil (NTD), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) with 3 registered sesame cultivars, Muganli-57, Golmarmara, and Ozberk. In the no-till methods, the field was passed over only once for planting, which was directly performed into soil with stubble. In the RT method, the soil was not inverted and the field was tilled only once with a powered rotary tiller. The CT method consisted of 1-time moldboard plowing and 2-time disc harrowing, and leveling. According to the seed yield means of 2 years, the RT method provided the highest yield with a value of 855.2 kg ha-1, while the lowest yield was recorded for NTW with a value of 413.0 kg ha-1. Statistically, the RT and CT methods produced higher yields than the no-till methods. In addition to seed yield, days to 50% flowering, stem length to the first capsule, plant height, number of capsules per plant, and number of seeds per capsule were positively affected by the RT and CT methods. As expected, the no-till methods resulted in significantly less fuel consumption, with 7.5 L ha-1, than RT (26.4 L ha-1) and CT (71.5 L ha-1). Although the no-till methods provided higher energy savings and lower land preparation costs, they fell behind RT and CT in regard to seed yield. When fuel consumption, inputs, and seed yield were considered together, the RT method was the most economical. Therefore, the RT method was advised to farmers for second crop sesame after wheat with the highest income potential.


Functions of Several Variables Reading: Marsden and Tromba, Vector Calculus, Chapter 2, Chapter 3.1–3.4 and Sections 8.1-8.2 in the notes http://www.math.upenn.edu/kazdan/260S12/notes/math21/math21-2012-2up.pdf Exam. 2 will be on Tuesday, March 13 during class. As usual, it will be closed book, no calculators or cell phones etc., but you may use one 3×5 card with notes on both sides. The Exam will cover the mater covered through class on Tuesday, Feb. 28, with emphasis on the material since Exam. 1.


This paper points out the shortage of the lack of unified semantic foundation among UML multi-views,and presents an object-oriented Petri net(OOPN) based approach,executable object structural model(EOSM),to deal with it.This method represents both the aspects of objects' structure and behaviors in the form of sub-net of OOPN,so that behaviors belonging to different objects can be coupled dynamically upon ESOM models.Simulation of an example shows that EOSM can unify the structural and behavioral models successfully.


ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper Received 16 August 2016 Accepted 23 November 2016 Available Online 04 January 2017 The current paper deals with the cyclic softening/hardening and strain ratcheting behavior of circular steel tubes under repeated inelastic pure bending. A relatively simple mathematical solution is proposed to tackle the problem. Key physical features involved are the elastic after-effect, accumulated cyclic (creep type) ovalisation of the cross-section, cyclic plasticity including the Bauschinger effect, cyclic softening/hardening of the material and ratcheting effect. The moment-curvature formulation of the tube is derived in an ovalised configuration. Tvergaard stress-strain relation is used to describe the elastoplastic stress–strain relationship of the material. This continuous nonlinear constitutive model considerably abridges the solution. A combined nonlinear kinematic/nonlinear isotropic hardening rule is used to describe the cyclic uniaxial stress-strain. The analysis of the low cycle pure inelastic bending of the tube is performed under a curvature-control regime. The cycle by cycle growth (creep type) in the ovalization of the cross-section is modeled using a modified version of the Bailey–Norton creep law. The model predictions are examined against a number of available test data on the inelastic monotonic and cyclic bending of tubes and reasonable agreements are observed.


Considering hysteresis of rainfall recharge for Hongshan spring karstic system,correlation between spring discharge and previous rainfall was conducted by using correlation analysis theory.It indicates that the effect of rainfall in each previous year on spring discharge was not significant and was meaningless.Therefore,based on multivariate statistical regression theory,10-group multivariate statistical regression models between spring discharge and previous rainfall were established.And then it was used to calculate effective rainfall.It was found that spring discharge is consistent with the rainfall model before seven years.So,the hysteresis period of rainfall on spring discharge is determined by 7years.The results show that correlation between spring discharge and effective rainfall has good consistency;meanwhile the correlation coefficient is up to 0.588,significantly it correlated atα=0.01confidence level.


Although probably none of you will agree with everything I say in this paper and some of you will disagree with all of it, I want to begin by expressing my appreciation for a chance to address this particular group of professionals. I come to you as a friend and I feel among friends; on the whole, this group of professionals has been the most responsive of any group to my writings and thought. This is true in spite of the fact that I am a psychiatrist, and not a member of the clergy.


There is increased research trend towards the use of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for real-time stability monitoring and active feedback control of power system. In this paper, we address the problem of control of inter-area oscillations when the measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are corrupted with noise. Unlike existing results, we assume that the noise enters multiplicatively in system measurements. We provide systematic procedure based on the solution of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) for the mean square stochastic stability verification of power system with measurement uncertainties. Furthermore, an optimization-based procedure is proposed for the synthesis of measurement-based feedback controller robust to wide area measurement noise. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the application of the developed framework on WSCC 9 bus system.


Abstract Vinyl phosphorus compounds such as poly (vinyl phosphonic acid) (PVPA), poly (dimethyl vinyl phosphonate) (PDMVP) impart high flame retardancy to wood comparable to conventional fireproofing wood by combined use of sodium polyborate (SPB) in contrast to their single use. The differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry (DTA/TG) suggest a synergy effect between SPB and PVPA. The water resistance of the treated wood is improved by copolymerization of dimethyl vinyl phosphonate (DMVP) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) inside the wood after the impregnation of SPB, and the incombustibility of the wood is mostly maintained after leaching tests. The combustion residues of the wood treated with DMVP and MMA after SPB show high compressive strength, and their SEM images suggest that the strength is due to formed charcoal.


This paper provides an analysis of the consumer buying process and discusses its impacts and implications for web designer. The paper begins with a brief overview of the consumer buying process, extracts desirable characteristics for an e-commerce site, and evaluates a number of ecommerce sites for characteristics incorporation. The implications for software engineers are to analysis the decision buying process and incorporate the requirements into the e-commerce solution. This will leads to a positive buying experience for the customer and effects the overall site presentation. Keyword: E-commerce, information requirement analysis, web design


DBT has been used to deliver over 450 schemes to over 900 million people. Since 2016, the government has deposited nearly 65% of the welfare and subsidy budget directly into beneficiaries' accounts. DBT will undoubtedly meet the government's and people's expectations, especially those of the poor and unfortunate. We hope that more schemes will be covered by DBT, and that the entire country and its people will receive benefits without delay or flaws. As a result, the government must make a concerted effort in various areas of planning to improve the lives of the poor and powerless in society. In this way, DBT helps create an environment where people can live long, healthy, and creative lives. This paper examines the role of Direct Benefit Transfer.


We study the following Kirchhoff type problem:
\begin{equation*}
\left\{
 \begin{array}{ccc}
 -\left(a+b\int_{\Omega}|\nabla u|^2dx \right) \Delta
u=f(x,u), &\mbox{in} \ \ \Omega, \\
u=0, &\text{on} \ \partial \Omega.
 \end{array} \right.
 \end{equation*}
Note that $F(x,t)=\int_0^1 f(x,s)ds$ is the primitive function of $f$. In the first result, we prove the existence of solutions by applying the $G-$Linking Theorem when the quotient $\frac{4F(x,t)}{bt^4}$ stays between $\mu_k$ and $\mu_{k+1}$ allowing for resonance with $\mu_{k+1}$ at infinity. In the second result, for the case that the quotient $\frac{4F(x,t)}{bt^4}$ stays between $\mu_1$ and $\mu'_{2}$ allowing for resonance with $\mu'_{2}$ at infinity, we find a nontrivial solution by using the classical Linking Theorem and argument of the characterization of $\mu'_2$. Meanwhile, similar results are obtained for degenerate problem.


Knowing the statistical characteristics of a target's radar cross-section (RCS) is crucial to the success of radar target detection algorithms. Open literature studies regarding the statistical nature of the RCS of ground vehicles focus primarily on simulations, scale model chamber measurements, or limited experimental data analysis of specific vehicles at certain frequencies. This paper seeks to expand the existing body of work on ground vehicle RCS statistics at Ku-band for ground moving target indication (GMTI) applications. We examine the RCS probability distributions of civilian and military vehicles, across aspect and elevation angle, for HH and VV polarizations, and at diverse resolutions, using experimental data collected at Ku-band. We further fit Swerling target models to the distributions and suggest appropriate detection thresholds for ground vehicles in this band.


Objective: We would like to find out the correlation between acne distribution in the jaw and the emmeniopathy. Methods: The clinical studies were made on 43 cases of acne vulgaris who visited to Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Gangnam Oriental Medical Hospital during from August, 2002 to July, 2004. We divided the patients into two groups. A group had the emmeniopathy. B group didn't have the emmeniopathy. In the acne grade and the number of acne, we investigated the difference between A and B group statistically. We used the statical methods of student's t-test on the number of acne and wilcoxon rank sum test on acne grade. Results: The mean age was 25.84.80 in A group and 27.65.68 in B group. There were painful menstruation, quality of thickness, menstrual cycle disorder, menstrual amount disorder, dark purple color, premenstrual acne in A group with the emmeniopathy. The acne grade was 1.691.28 in A group, 1.431.28 in B group. The number of acne was 3.663.15 in A group, 4.364.07 in B group. P-value was 0.52 in acne grade and 0.25 in the number of acne. We investigated no difference between A and B group statistically on acne grade and the number of acne. Conclusions: We needed the further study about the factor which affect on acne distribution and emmeniopathy.


4‐1BB (CD137), a member of the inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, is expressed on regulatory T (Treg) cells and regulates Treg cells to control allergic inflammation. Pam3CSK4, a synthetic TLR2 ligand that can expand CD8+ Treg function, is a promising adjuvant for allergen immunotherapy (IT). We examined whether Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) IT and Pam3CSK4 could enhance CD8+ CD25+ CD137+ Treg suppressive function to decrease nasal nitric oxide (nNO) levels.


This study analyzed the variability of truckloads of large-sized pine logs transported to a furniture manufacturing mill, depending on the origin of the timber, delivery period, length of the transported logs, volume of the load and its mass. It was assumed that the volume and mass of the transported timber load depends on the season of the year and the origin of the timber, which has a significant impact on the mass of one cubic meter of the load. The analysis of the wood origin parameters (location of its growth) took into account the type of forest habitat, soil type and stand abundance. The characteristics of the tree parameters from which the roundwood was obtained took into account age, diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of the stand. The origin of the timber was determined for 1063 timber loads from 40 forest districts transported over a 12 month period. We obtained an average timber load volume of 29.34 m3 which includes single shipments differing significantly in their volume of between 24.21 and 36.51 m3. The origin of the timber, habitat conditions and stand parameters of the harvesting site influence load mass and the mass of 1 m3 of load. The delivery date has an impact on the studied elements of the sawlogs load, with two similar periods—spring and summer. The volume of the transported timber is already at a stabilized level in accordance with legal regulations, which is no longer dependent on other factors and only on the accepted conversion factors for roundwood density and the mass of the empty vehicle set. This has not influenced a reduction in the mass of the transported timber.


A coat of PDR-Nano Antiwar Agent on hydraulic pressure,pneumetic, and sealing components will produce a 0.5~2 thick organic solid film. This film can withstand wear and tear, reduce friction coefficient, and proves highly lubricative. In conclusion, a coat of PDR-Nano Antiwear Agent on hydraulic pressure, pneumatic, and sealing components will make them stronger and prolong their service lives.


For a sequence $\{U_n\}_{n = 1}^\infty$ of finite index subgroups of a direct product $G = A \times B$ of finitely generated groups, we show that $$\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{\min\{|X| : \langle X \rangle = U_n\}}{[G : U_n]} = 0$$ once $[A : A \cap U_n], [B : B \cap U_n] \to \infty$ as $n \to \infty$. Our proof relies on the classification of finite simple groups.


The compilation of gazetteers devoted to scenic spots flourished in the late Ming period. Writings on West Lake(西湖) were especially abundant due to its popularity among tourists. This study focuses on two editions of "The Combined Gazetteers of West Lake"(西湖合志), one published in 1640 and the other in 1644. The Combined Gazetteers incorporated three gazetteers-one on West Lake, the second on the neighboring mountains of Tianmu(天目山), and finally, one on the Jing mountains(徑山)-which made it unusual among gazetteers of the Ming dynasty. In later editions, travel writings on famous mountains around the country were also incorporated. Gazetteers of landscapes around West Lake were reprinted relatively often during the last decades of the Ming period. The compilers included local literati, officials from neighboring towns, and scholar tourists. The motivations of officials who supported publication of gazetteers gradually shifted from public service-preserving local historical sources, and recording local histories,-to personal interest in recording outings and conducting poetry readings which enabled fellow literati to "travel" virtually to scenic spots through texts if they could not do so in person. Gazetteer compilers began to emphasize in reminiscing the touring experiences rather than recording local history, and travel writing and recreational poetry became important components of gazetteers. Gazetteers depicted West Lake not so much as a public scenic spot but rather as the site of the private memories of tourists. The great demand for gazetteers in places like Hangzhou drew ever more literati into the business of compiling them, creating a new profession for scholars. In this way, the compilation and publication of gazetteers created an alternate space for the literati's social activities.


Neural style transfer (NST) is a technique based on the deep learning of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to create entertaining pictures by cleverly stylizing ordinary pictures with the predetermined visual art style. However, three issues must be carefully investigated during the generation of neural-stylized artwork: the color scheme, the strength of style of the strokes, and the adjustment of image contrast. To solve these problems and select image colorization based on personal preference, in this paper, we propose modified universal-style transfer (UST) method combined with the image fusion and color enhancement methods to design a good post-processing framework to tackle the three above-mentioned issues simultaneously. This work provides more visual effects for stylized images, and also can integrate into the UST method effectively. In addition, the proposed method is suitable for stylized images generated by any NST method, but it also works similarly to the Multi-Style Transfer (MST) method, which mixes two different stylized images. Finally, our proposed method successfully combined the modified UST method and post-processing method to meet personal preference.


Representations of the process of subjectivity and transversal spaces are perceived and analyzed in Raduan Nassar's Um copo de colera. Among traces of madness, obtained by an updating of the image of The ship of fools in the conflict between pastoral bucolism and the emergency of urban productivity, the study proceeds to the territorialized and deterritorialized production of faciality that reveal openings to possibilities of new emotional, cultural and political pacts in which the meaning of madness moves to less essentialist and more historical realities.


Large scale commercial vegetable producers rarely adopt minimum input or sustainable agricultural practices for altruistic reasons. While some family-owned concerns have followed this approach with the intent of passing their land onto the next generation in as pristine a state as possible, much of California's vegetable hectarage is managed by large corporations. Thus, development and implementation strategies using reduced pesticide input are less likely the result of environmental concerns and more likely due to economic incentives, legislation limiting pesticide use, or the development of significant levels of pesticide resistance. In terms of pesticide use, the California vegetable industry is approaching a critical period. California's expanding urban population has led to an increase in the influence of environmental activists, labor unions, and other consumer groups that are increasingly vocal in their opposition to pesticides. In addition, the current senate and assembly, committees in California that deal with pesticides have few members with rural or agricultural backgrounds. This situation has lead to an increase in legislation restricting pesticides. At least 26 new bills relevant to the subject were introduced in California in 1987 alone. Nearly all of these would require further restrictions on the use of chemicals for insect control. The impact of the new laws dealing with ground water contamination -and plant-back restrictions has dramatically changed pesticide use patterns in California; as a consequence, the application of persistent pesticides has declined appreciably. The impact of laws generated by referendum (placed on the ballot after proponents file the required number of signatures on petitions) is less well-defined. Such consumer-generated legislation provides evidence of the growing perception that consumers take the risk when pesticides are used, while growers reap the profits. There also has been a resurgence in environmental concern by the general population. In the past few years, incidents of environmental concern at Love Canal and Kesterson Reservoir, as well as the tragic events at Bhopal, India, have been given considerable time on television. The publicity associated with the watermelon contamination incident in California and the recent National Academy of Sciences report (National Research Council, 1986) highlighting the potential for pesticidal contamination in vegetables, have brought this concern into nearly every household in the country. Our ability to find residues at the parts-per-trillion level has aggravated this problem. Many consumers do not recognize differences in risk levels between parts per hundred and parts per trillion, they only recognize that no level of risk is acceptable. An additional stimulus for reduced insecticide use is the declining availability of efficacious insecticides. The rate of development of insecticide resistance is increasing exponentially (Georghiou, 1986). Nearly every entomologist study vegetable crop production can cite cases of extensive losses resulting from insecticide resistance. The $20 million loss documented by California's celery industry in 1984 following the development of resistance by the leafminer [Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] to diverse chemicals provides an excellent example (California Celery Research Advisory Board, 1986). Thus, the need has been adequately demonstrated to


Egyptian society and Indian society faced many social issues, especially during the British colonial rule in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The British occupation was an era of decline for the Muslims of the sub-continent. Public minds were not able to recognize this change and did not fully understand the requirements of the time. Writers and poets of that time discussed and dealt with social isues and tried to raise the almost dead community back to life. They wanted their people to be rationalized and to understand the problems of society. Two of those leading writers were Taha Hussein and Deputy Nazir Ahmed.
            This article will examine Taha Hussein's role and contribution in raising of Egyptian society and enlightening the Arab minds and also throw light on the efforts of Deputy Nazir Ahmed, a leading social novelist in the sub-continent. The most important issues that were treated through their novels and their writings were the problems and issues of woman and the issue of moral decline in society.


This paper aims to study the relations between construction enterprises' project management capabilities and organizational performance. A questionnaire survey was administered to 89 Saudi construction contracting organization administrative members. Data were obtained from 32 projects that were held during the last two years and were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). It was hypothesized in this study that a construction organizational performance is influenced by project management capabilities within the enterprise. A structural equation model was set up to measure the above two latent variables through their constituent variables. This study introduced a method to measure performance both in qualitative and quantitative terms. The strong path coefficients between the constructs of the model are an indication that after decades in pursuit of finding ways to improve the performance of construction organizations, subjective dimensions of performance have proven to be as effective as the traditional objective dimensions.


This grant aimed to establish how the global carbon cycle has responded and will respond to global change. We proposed to use models to predict measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentration and C-13/C-12 isotopic ratio, and thereby to establish how sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2 have been influenced by climatic change and human activities. As the work progressed we developed strategies involving finding regional sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2 by an inverse approach, and studying their seasonal and interannual variability.


Key Points Question Was exposure to Hurricane Irma associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and mortality among nursing home residents in the 30 and 90 days after the storm compared with a control group? Findings In this cohort study of 61 564 nursing home residents exposed to Hurricane Irma and a control group of 61 813 nonexposed residents, the odds of a first hospitalization and mortality increased significantly at 30 and 90 days for those exposed. A long nursing home stay was associated with a greater risk for mortality compared with a short stay. Meaning Findings suggest that prioritizing heightened emergency preparedness in disaster situations for nursing home residents is warranted.


With the advancement of technology, demand for computer numerical control(CNC) plotter machines in educational institutions and laboratories rapidly rising. The networking of objects which have the connectivity that enables them to communicate independently with one another via the internet. This project aims to develop the model of CNC plotter machine which is able to draw a circuit layout on PCB or any other solid surface using the electronic component. Initially the user needs to convert any image file or text file into G-code using inkscape software and then feed it to machine using processing software. Arduino Uno with an atmega328p microcontroller is used as the control device for this project. The microcontroller convert G-code into a set of machine language instruction to be sent to the motor driver of the CNC plotter. The main objective of project is to design and implement a CNC plotter machine which will be able to draw a PCB layout on a solid surface. A plotter is a 3D controlled 2D plotting machines which uses a pen to draw text or image on any given solid surface with complex line drawings. The machine will have three motors to implement the X,Y and Z axis. A servo motor will be used along the Z axis for positioning the pen which will go up and down. CNC technology has major contribution in industries. CNC machine are main platform in the contribution of good quality products in industries. The main aim of this project is to reduce time consumed for plotting and it r educes human involvement which eventually reduces rate of error and also increases the production. KeywordsCNC, arduino controller, Gcode, internet of things, CD/DVD drivers.


The paper regards the Cross-danwei organizations as an object of study.Although the Danwei is the basic unit of city in China,the relations among Danwei organizations are very critical to social structure.So we must pay close attention to Danwei system through the horizontal analysis and Cross-danwei organization through wertical analysis,We can draw a conclusion that Danwei system and Cross-danwei organization are the most important concepts to the interpretation of the social structure in contemporary China.The social connection mechanism consisted of the Cross-danwei organizations resists a hidden social disintegration generated from Danwei organizations.The two hypotheses of the paper are as follows:(1) if the resources gained from outside thc social organization are more important than that acquired from inside,the possibility to break through the organization boundary of social interaction will be strengthened;(2) if the function of invisible hand cannot work smoothly or is eliminated in a society,the requirement for the political organizations and social interaction network will be increased.The conclusion of the paper is that social connection mechanism consisted of Cross-danwei organizations will be increasingly important during the transitional period of China.


Abstract : Mobile ad-hoc networking (MANET) is a wireless technology to link autonomous, mobile computers that are free to move randomly, organize themselves arbitrarily and leave or enter the network on-the-fly. Two areas of interest have been identified and studied: the effect of environmental factors on MANET performance, and methods to improve performance by faster identification of broken links. In MANET, the physical channel is affected by environmental conditions such as sea state and physical barriers that increase the frequency of link failures and degrade network performance. Link Layer Detection (LLD), a subroutine designed to identify broken node links, can potentially improve a network's performance, but the current standard does not utilize LLD. This study examines, through computer simulations, the hypothesis that LLD will improve the simulated overall network performance. In an analysis of over five thousand simulations, LLD was found to improve performance in simulated environments approximating ideal propagation conditions. However, simulated environmental degrade decreased the performance advantages of using LLD. A break point, beyond which operation with LLD failed to yield superior performance, was identified. Design criteria for improved LLD methods, representing potential improvements in network routing with particular application to military operations, are proposed.


Western archaeologists have almost unanimously shunned the term "Archaic" in describing their finds. In the few cases where the word has been used at all, it has generally been qualified by using quotation marks, a question mark, or some statement indicating the author's belief that this is not a real Archaic culture. As a result, none of the described western cultures is conventionally labeled "Archaic." Avoidance of the term has stemmed from two conditions: a) a desire to avoid confusing western cultures with those generally called Archaic in the East; and b) the temporal implications of the word "Archaic."


The exposure of field soils to molecular tritium under laboratory conditions showed that molecular tritium was converted to tritiated water within the soil column. Soil conditions which promoted active metabolism of soil microorganisms also increased the amount of tritium found as tritiated water. Soil sterilization greatly decreased the conversion of molecular tritium, while reinnoculation with soil microorganisms restored the conversion ability of the soil. On the basis of these results, we conclude that molecular tritium is converted to tritiated water in soil through the metabolic action of soil microorganisms. A series of experiments was also carried out in which closed plant-soil systems were exposed to molecular tritium. Tritiated water was found in the soil and plant water after exposure. In some cases, the concentration of tritiated water in the plants was higher than the concentration in the soil. This observation suggests that there may be conversion of molecular tritium to tritiated water associated with the metabolism of the plants.


Abstract 3145 Poster Board III-82 Introduction During storage, RBCs undergo physiological changes often termed as storage lesions that adversely affect their survival in vivo, following transfusion. MicroRNAs (miRs), the negative regulators of cellular mRNAs, control cellular expression of genes relevant to differentiation and apoptosis via mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. Recent reports indicate that matured red blood cells (RBC) contain diverse population of miRs in abundance. Understanding the role of miRs in RBC during storage would perhaps provide insights into the mechanisms associated with storage lesions. Methods In this study, we utilized a membrane-based array to obtain differential miR profiles of 52-apoptosis-associated miRs in packed RBCs during storage. The packed RBCs were obtained from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) blood bank and stored at appropriate storage condition (4-8°C) for up to 40 days. Samples were collected at days 0, 10, 20, 30 and day 40 and subjected to miR analysis. Our rationale is that since miRs are regulators of apoptosis, profiling of apoptosis associated miRs in packed RBCs during storage would provide the first step towards understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with storage lesions. Results Our miR analysis identified perturbation of six miRNAs during packed RBC storage. Two miRs remain at high levels throughout the RBC storage period studied while four miRs demonstrated an upward trend from day 0 to day 40 of storage. TarMir bioinformatics-based target gene identification for miR-96 identified CASPN1 mRNA as its target. The presence of CASPN1 mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR. Although this observation tempts us to speculate that an interaction of CASPN1 with miR-96 in stored RBC is possible, further experimental verification of this interaction is warranted. Conclusion The differential microarray analysis presented here suggest that further refinement of miR profiling of stored red blood cells could be of value as predictive markers of 'cellular status of RBC' during storage. Future experimental analysis of selected mRNA-miR interactions in packed RBC during storage would provide insights into the mechanisms of storage lesions The findings and conclusions in this abstract have not been formally disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This paper studies full‐order impulsive observers for impulsive systems with unknown inputs. Two types of full‐order impulsive observers are designed respectively. The first type is Luenberger‐type impulsive observer (LIO). The second type is for the observed system with eliminable unknown input, where the impulsive observer is allowed to have nonidentical dynamic structure with the observed system. The conditions via the average dwell time technique are derived for the existence of these two types of impulsive observers. It is shown that in the LIO, the observer's state tracks the observed system's state in the sense of input‐to‐state stability (ISS). Specifically, the observer's state track completely the observed system's state if the unknown input trends to zero. While in the second type of impulsive observer, the observer's state tracks completely the observed system's state regardless of the unknown input trends to zero. Finally, three examples with simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.


Research on the walking speed, which was critical factor for evacuation calculation and plan when forming crowd, derived the following regression equations: υ= 0.978 - 0.19ρ for horizon and υ= 0.492 - 0.049ρ for vertical(going up). Horizontal crowd walking speed had declining slope close to the result of MAEDA; a stay especially appeared in the crowd of 4[person/㎡] or more. Therefore, to plan efficient evacuation plan, a crowd of 4[person/㎡] or less should be allowed and plans for adding or revising evacuation capacity were required. In case of vertical, the result was lower than existing vertical (going down) walking speed of 0.5[㎧]; thus, examination on each factor should be conducted thoroughly in the course of research on going-up at building of large-scale.


Attaching great importance to the role of private education. This dissertation inquires into the historical stages of the initiation and development of China-America private primary and High school, and a vertical comparative analysis is made as to the historical back ground system, stages and interactive relationship between these two countries.


Content output apparatus and method, and is disclosed Television display. Content output device for outputting a content to a display device in accordance with the present invention on the basis of the input unit and a metadata receiving the metadata for the communication contents and contents for performing a display device and a data communication and acquire quality information applied to the content, using the content conversion information associated with the acquired quality information by converting the contents to the content reproducible in the display device and a processor for outputting to the communication. Accordingly, the content output apparatus can convert a content that meets the HDR content can reproduce the content on the display device SDR.


Billy Cowsill died on this date in 2006 at the age of 58 at his home in Calgary, Alberta. Billy was part of the 1960's family pop group The Cowsills, the inspiration for the TV show "The Partridge Family." The Cowsills' single, "The Rain, the Park and Other Things," sold a million copies in 1967. Years later, Billy was part of the rockabilly group The Blue Shadows and their debut album, "On the Floor of Heaven," was released in 1993 along with their first single "Coming on Strong." A couple of years later, I sat with the group when they performed at the University of Guelph and I had to ask Billy about his photos for the CD sleeve, showing him wearing a Star Trek: Next Generation communicator badge. He told me had been on a tour of the Enterprise bridge set when actress Marina Sirtis came on the set in full costume as Counselor Deanna Troi. She gave him the communicator badge from her costume and said she had lots of them. Billy wore the badge for the photo shoots for the album!


THE RESULTS OF FIELD TESTS ARE DISCUSSED. ALL MEASUREMENTS ANALYZED WERE PERFORMED IN CONNECTION WITH EXCAVATION IN CLAY BETWEEN TWO STEEL SHEETPILE WALLS. THE FOLLOWING MEASUREMENTS WERE PERFORMED: LOD IN STRUTS, GROUND SETTLEMTNTS, DEFORMATION OF SHEET PILES AND PORE PRESSURE IN THE CLAY OUTSIDE THE EXCAVATION. A SIMPLE RULE FOR ESTIMATION OF STRUT LOADS IS PRESENTED, AND THE RELATION BETWEEN THE GROUND SETTLEMENTS AND THE DISTANCE FROM PILES FOR DIFFERENT EXCAVATION DEPTHS IS EXAMINED. /SVV/RRL/


Port state control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign flagged vessels in national ports to verify that the condition of ships and equipment comply with the requirements of international conventions and that ships are manned and operated in compliance with applicable international laws. To do its duty as an important maritime country to combat substandard shipping and protect marine environment, Taiwan began implementing its PSC system from the beginning of 2003 although it has not been accepted as a member state of the IMO or Tokyo MOU. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the newly implemented PSC system in Taiwan. It is hoped that Taiwan's experience on launching PSC operations will be a good referral to other country's system. The major contents include the introduction of the system and the analysis of ship's inspection re-sults over the past four years. The paper further discusses some in-depth issues about the system including the difficulties of the implementation and the inadequacies of the system.


In this study we estimate the distribution of costs of reclaiming and transporting treated wastewater for reuse in agricultural irrigation across Europe. We consider treatment costs as well as the costs associated with the water transport infrastructure and with energy for pumping. The study highlights a high variability of costs depending on the relative position of irrigated agricultural land with respect to the wastewater treatment plants. Treatment costs alone may be minor, about 8 €cents/m, compared to other costs, with the majority of the theoretical water reuse volume available at typical total costs below or at 50 €cents/m. However, when treatment requirements become more stringent, treatment costs are expected to increase to 0.23 €/m, causing total costs to shift consistently. The energy requirements for pumping reclaimed water from wastewater treatment plants to agricultural land follow a distribution with a median of about 0.5 kWh/m and an interquartile range of another 0.5 kWh/m, which seems slightly higher than reported in representative cases of irrigation with conventional water sources. The total volumes of water that can in principle be reused for irrigation are significant, and may help reduce water stress by up to around 10% in regions where irrigation is an important component. Water reuse may also contribute, in a less apparent and more uncertain way, to nutrient pollution mitigation. While the treatment and energy costs are rather minor, the total costs depend significantly on infrastructure costs and the distance from the urban wastewater treatment plants to the irrigated land, therefore the attractiveness of water reuse will vary for farmers. This indicates that (1) reuse is most suitable where irrigation infrastructure already exists and the necessary additional investments are minor, and (2) the cost of water reuse should be considered in a broader context as a water management tool. This context should be extended to include, on the one hand, the whole value chain supplied by agriculture and, on the other, the process of river basin management where reuse may represent a measure with important co-benefits. The potential of water reuse for agricultural irrigation in the EU. A Hydro-Economic Analysis


The work presented in this paper proposes a new method of stabilization of a second order system by a delayed positive feedback. This method is based on the root locus approach. The τ-decomposition and D-decomposition methods are used to determine regions in the parameters' space that ensure stability of the closed-loop system. The use of this method for stabilization of a TCP/AQM systems with time delay is successfully applied. An illustrative example is given to show the application of our method.


Objective For the further study,we attempt to acquaint ourselves with the secretion of δ-hemolysin in staphylococcus aureus.Methods The amount of δ-hemolysin from different strains and growth phases is analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and the curve of the amount of δ-hemolysin vs growth time was drawn.Results It is observed that the secretion of δ-hemolysin is various in different S.aureus strains and different growth phases,the curve of δ-hemolysin secretion is synchronous with that of bacterial growth and can be divided into three phases.Conclusion The secretion of δ-hemolysin well reflects the regulation of access gene regulation(agr) system in S.aureus.


Pregnancy, another state or gravidity, is the state of a woman who carries a new being. The fertilization
and ends with childbirth. The fertilized egg develops and goes through several different stages of development: embryo and fetus.


Helicobacter pylori is a widespread Gram-negative bacterium that infects the stomach of humans leading to the onset of several gastric disorders, such as gastritis, gastric ulcers, and cancers. The transmission of H. pylori remains unclear but two different pathways have been suggested: faecal-oral and oraloral. It has been reported that H. pylori has the ability to incorporate in biofilms formed on water-exposed surfaces thus providing a route of infection. On the other hand, a polysaccharide-containing biofilm has been observed at the air-liquid interface when H. pylori is grown in a glass fermenter1. Because exopolysaccharides (EPS) play a determinant role in bacterial adhesion by conferring protection against adverse conditions such as starvation and environmental aggressions, EPS production would be expected to be higher if the bacterium is exposed to water. In this work the capability of H. pylori to produce EPS when exposed to water and under hydrodynamic stress has been evaluated. H. pylori was inoculated in autoclaved distilled water and allowed to stand under gentle stirring at room temperature. The significant and continuous increase in the sugar content 192 hours after inoculation suggests the production of exopolysaccharides. This evidence is reinforced by epiflourescence microscopical observation of the bacteria stained with DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) that revealed the presence of bacterial aggregates 318 hours after inoculation. 2 • 0 • 0 • 5


Today, the artificial Danube Island and the New Danube are crucial elements in Vienna's green and blue network (Stadtentwicklung Wien, 2015). They are the result of two major flood-protection projects that have had a fundamental impact on the Danube riverscape in Vienna. From 1870 to 1875, the branching river was straightened into one main riverbed with a large parallel inundation area of 8.25 square kilometres of almost flat ground. Overflows of the swiftly moving Alpine river were then limited, but flooding remained a risk. In view of this, 100 years later, the inundation area was transformed into a 160 metre wide floodrelief channel and an artificial island parallel to the main stream. The island is 21.1 kilometres long and 200 metres wide on average. A mere technical project in 1969, the island and the flood-relief channel were later transformed into a multipurpose riverscape in the course of an interactive planning process that lasted almost twenty years. Taking the artificial Danube Island and the New Danube as a case study, the paper focuses on the interrelationship of the site, the planning process, and landscape architecture. With this in mind, the objectives of this paper are: " to review the history of the island and the interaction of the actors involved; " to analyse the shift in planning strategies and the consequences this has had on form, function, and meaning at the site scale; SHAPInG An URBAn RIVERSCAPE THE PLAnnInG AnD DESIGn oF DAnUBE ISLAnD AnD THE nEw DAnUBE In VIEnnA, 1969–1988


The objective of this paper is to quantify the effect of Marangoni flow on the vapor film condensation and analyzed the effect of the gravity, the shearing force at the gas-liquid interface and the Marangoni strength caused by the surface tension on the Nusselt number. The results show that the effect of the gravity is very clear to the thickness of the film. Marangoni effect can not be ignored at zero gravity condition. The effect of the vapor Reynolds number (Rev0) at the zero-gravity conditions on the film is bigger than that at the gravity conditions. The average ratio of the film thickness (δ) is 6.5% at the gravity conditions and 21.5% at zero-gravity conditions when the Rev0 changes from 8000 to 15000.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


This paper sets out to examine the concept of ownership with respect to land within the confines of the provisions of the Land Use Act and in the light of the diverse positions taken by scholars and commentators on the provisions of the Act. It discusses the positions of the 2 schools of thought on the subject, rationalizes them and posits that the underlying intent of the Act was to Nationalize all lands in the country by vesting the beneficial interest in the land in the state, leaving the citizens with determinable possessory rights and beneficial interest in the developments and improvements on the land. Resolving the impasse, the paper advocates for review of the Act to be in tandem with its underlying philosophy and principles as espoused in the preamble to the Act.


The so-called three-path theoretical model of Ross and Wu was used in a cross-sectional investigation to study the relationship between educational level and the self-evaluation of health status by means of a sample (3408 persons) selected from among a population aged 20-59 in Baranya county Hungary during 1988-89. The general state of health of the population deteriorated significantly in the past 10 years and could not be explained only by the fact that these persons had become older. Fatal diseases were more frequent mainly among men. The correlation between educational level and the state of health was mediated by special links (work and material conditions psychosocial resources and healthy life style). A causal link could be inferred from control variables and temporal factors whose validity was born out by longitudinal investigations. The multiple dependents of the models referred to a closer connection of variables and the state of health therefore the social determination of the inequalities of the state of health increased since the original survey. The increase of the effect of educational level was significant which was also significant in younger age groups. The processing of these data has not ended and the study of health behavior (visiting a doctor preventive behavior) requires groups of variables which differ from the framework of the Ross and Wu model.


This research will examine the views from stakeholders on the quality of audits based on issues of expertise and professionalism of auditors, audits commercialization  and transparency the audit. This study focuses attention on the response from implementation of audits quality regulations according to the company's audits, the audit committee and investors. The focus of this research is an analysis of research by identifying four major drivers of audit quality, namely: culture in an audit firm; skills and personal qualities of audit partners and staff; the effectiveness of the audit process; the reliability and usefulness of audit reporting. In this study also identifies a number of factors that affect the quality of audit beyond the control of the auditor, namely: the approach taken by management; the contribution made by the audit committee; role of shareholders and commentators; role as a driver of audit quality litigation; regulatory approaches; the pressure caused by the acceleration reports. The results showed that the regulatory bodies and professionals involved in the management and improvement of audit quality to make efforts to improve the tarnished image, increase its legitimacy and reputation as well as the dominance of responses raised concerns about potential damage to the profession.


Objective
To study the epidemiologic characteristics and influencing factors of abdominal trauma in Jiangmen city so as to provide some reference for making prevention and intervention measures.

Methods
The epidemiologic data of 1021 abdominal trauma patients were retrospective analyzed with epidemiological method.

Results
Totally there were 1021 cases of abdominal trauma patients, 356 cases of outpatients, 665 cases of hospitalized patients, AIS (abbreviated injury scale) ≥ 3 points in 500 cases, accounting for 75.19% of inpatients. The chief traumatic causes were traffic accident, sharps wound, falls. The main type of abdominal trauma was soft tissue injury, while kidney, spleen and liver were the mainly injury viscera of the inpatients. The wounded were mainly young adults. The male incidence was significantly higher than females. The ratio of male to female was 4.55: 1. Patients were mainly production workers(57.89%). 390 cases were combined injuries, accounting for 38.20%, 49 cases dead accounted for 4.80%.

Conclusions
There is certain regularity in the age, occupation, place of the injured and organ etc of abdominal trauma. Take preventive and intervention measures, according to local conditions for high-risk groups, can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality.

Key words:
Abdominal trauma; Epidemiology


This paper analyses the use of Immersive Experiences (IX) within artistic research, as an interdisciplinary environment between artistic, practice based research, visual pedagogies, social and cognitive sciences. This paper examines IX in the context of social shared spaces. It presents
 the Immersive Lab University of Malta (ILUM) interdisciplinary research project. ILUM has a dedicated, specific room, located at the Department of Digital Arts, Faculty of Media & Knowledge Sciences, at University of Malta, appropriately set-up with life size surround projection and surround
 sound so as to provide a number of viewers (located within the set-up) with an IX virtual reality environment.


Background Cadmium is implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, but its oncogenic action remains unclear. Objectives In this study we aimed to decipher changes in cell growth and the transcriptome in an immortalized human normal prostate epithelial cell line (NPrEC) following exposure to low-dose Cd. Methods Synchronized NPrEC cells were exposed to different doses of Cd and assayed for cell viability and cell-cycle progression. We investigated changes in transcriptome by global profiling and used Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software to develop propositions about functional connections among differentially expressed genes. A neutralizing antibody was used to negate the effect of Cd-induced up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in NPrEC cells. Results Exposure of NPrEC to 2.5 μM Cd enhanced cell viability and accelerated cell-cycle progression. Global expression profiling identified 48 genes that exhibited ≥ 1.5-fold changes in expression after 4, 8, 16, and 32 hr of Cd treatment. Pathway analyses inferred a functional connection among 35 of these genes in one major network, with TNF as the most prominent node. Fourteen of the 35 genes are related to TNF, and 11 exhibited an average of > 2-fold changes in gene expression. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the up-regulation of 7 of the 11 genes (ADAM8, EDN1, IL8, IL24, IL13RA2, COX2/PTGS2, and SERPINB2) and uncovered a 28-fold transient increase in TNF expression in Cd-treated NPrEC cells. A TNF-neutralizing antibody effectively blocked Cd-induced elevations in the expression of these genes. Conclusions Noncytotoxic, low-dose Cd has growth-promoting effects on NPrEC cells and induces transient overexpression of TNF, leading to up-regulation of genes with oncogenic and immunomodulation functions.


Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education (CASE) on the Sunshine Coast is growing rapidly. It has expanded from one inaugural Year 8 class in 2012 to the current state of play with the involvement of over 3,000 CASE students from eleven Sunshine Coast State High Schools. It is being taught by more than seventy CASE teachers with collaborative professional development between schools. The University of the Sunshine Coast (USC) is also considering how CASE might enhance the experience for their pre-service teachers. This report is an attempt to explain how and why this is happening.


Introduction: Health promoting activities and a healthy lifestyle are major strategies to preserve health. The purpose of this study was to compare health promoting lifestyle in rotating shift work vs fixed shift work nurses in IlamIran. Method: Our research was a descriptive analytical and crosssectional study. The sample consisted of 80 fixed shift work nurses and 80 rotating shift work counterparts at three hospitals in Ilam-Iran. Convenience sampling was used as sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic questionnaire and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Descriptive and Inferential data analyses including independent t-test and analysis of variance was conducted using SPSS19 statistical software. Results: Independent t-tests showed that global health Promoting lifestyle profile scores of fixed shift work nurses were higher than that of rotating shift work nurses (p≤0.001). There were statistically significant differences between nutritional patterns and habits, stress management, interpersonal relationships and physical activities in rotating shiftwork nurses and their fixed shift work counterparts(p≤0.001). On the other hand, we found no such significant differences in self-actualization and health management responsibilities sub scores between two groups(p=0/8). ANOVA test showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between age, gender and marital status and health promoting lifestyle scores in rotating shiftwork and fixed shift work nurses(p≥0.05). Conclusion: Rotating shift works have negative impacts on healthy lifestyle of nurses and could negatively affect their nutritional patterns, interpersonal relationship, stress management and physical activities. Based on the results of this study, nurses who work at rotating shifts are negatively affected from these adverse effects. So programs must be developed to protect nurses in long shift works and psychological interventions to reduce stresses caused by these undesirable work conditions.


The application of 3D printing technology in the field of explosives has been a research hotspot in recent years. As the most common explosive additive, how to improve the reactivity of aluminum powder has been widely concerned by many scholars. In order to explore the influence of coating modification process on the safety of aluminum powder in 3D printing process, Hartmann tube and Ignition temperature test system were used to study the sensitivity of dust samples to energy and temperature. The results show that the sensitivity of coated aluminum powder to electrostatic energy is significantly reduced, and the sensitivity to temperature is slightly increased. Better modification technology improves the safety of aluminum powder in 3D printing process. And the flame front propagation law is studied, the results show that the modified aluminum powder has more excellent reactivity. It provides basic theoretical data support for the safe application of the modification technology of aluminum powder in the 3D printing process, which has important reference value for the future application research of 3D printing technology in the field of explosives, and is also one of the key development directions in the future. in constructing both.


This article is a valuable resource for monitoring the effectiveness of TIMSS as an assessment system for mathematics and science literacy through the international program TIMSS, because science, technology, engineering, and mathematics curricula, often referred to as STEM, are the main areas of the curriculum. includes. It is clear that many professions still require a basic understanding of mathematics and science today, and will do so even more so in the future. Mathematics and natural-scientific knowledge are also the basis of everyday life. Natural sciences are about the natural world, including weather, land and water, food and fuel sources. Physical literacy helps us in our daily tasks and is important in the development of necessary technologies such as computers, smartphones and televisions.


A heated oxide covered copper electrode (HOCE) was facilely fabricated for the first time, providing a highly enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation, and cost effective and sensitive determination for polyhydroxy compounds such as glucose and shikimic acid.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the students 'concept and students' mistakes while solving the comparison task. This experiment used qualitative descriptive methods. The Subjects of this experiment were the students in Daan Mogot Junior High School grade. Data were collected by observation method. The result shows that the percentage of students' concept understanding while solving the Comparison is 67.18%, the result of object clarification according to another character is 37.69%, giving sample and non-sample is 99.04%, presenting concept by the right form mathematical representation is 90,38%, developing the need-qualification and enough-qualification concept is 14,1%, using the benefit and choosing the certain procedure is 73,46% and applying concept and algorithm to solve the problem is 41.15%. The students' mistakes while solving the Comparison task are: conceptual mistake, calculation mistake, using the wrong logic to conclude, using the wrong theorem, not checking the task. Some indicators such as the students don't understand enough about the abstract question, conceptual proof, how to start the proof, they get difficulties to remember the definition in conceptual proofing and use them to construct the proof, the students are not paying attention while reading the question, and they are having less confidence to answer the questions are the causes of the students' mistake while solving comparison.
Keywords: Conceptual Understanding, students' mistake, Comparison


Patient object is also a proto-category like other grammatical categories, so it shows a rank hierarchy for the degree of prototypicality on patientivity. There are many factors to motivate the degree of prototypicality of patient object and one of them is motivation of verb, including the degree of motion and frequency of verb in discourse. It is argued that there is interaction relationship between the said features for verb and the degree of prototypicality of patient object.


Financing decision by Indian corporate has been found as critical area for research in last two decade. The finance manager has to take decision regarding investment and financing for further growth by creating shareholder's wealth. Finance manager find himself in dilemma while using sources of finance i.e. equity or debt or what proportion of debt and equity should be used. Theoretical concept of optimum capital structure becomes difficult in practical use and controversial, any proportion of debt and equity which destroys shareholder wealth should be avoided. Earlier research in this area is not itself clear to support the theory and also failed to put an end to find out a uniform set of determinants of capital structure of a firm. Literature review shows regression model which found fit for one company is found not fit to use for its industry and also a model which found fit for one industry found not fit in using for other industry. In this paper attempt has been made to explore relation of capital structure behavior with the size of the business. This study has conducted on 88 BSE listed companies for a period of 2006 to 2011. As the business expands its asset structure, profitability, solvency, liquidity varies with changing size of business and its financing strategy too. So these 88 companies are reclassified in 7 categories on the basis of their size for further study. The study finds out that determinants of capital structure is different in all seven categories and hence proved that capital structure determinants differs on the basis of size of the business in Indian pharmaceutical companies.


The parametric study of the performance of large furlable antennas is described and the availability of various size antennas is discussed. Three types of unfurlable reflector designs are considered: the wrapped rib, the polyconic, and the maypole. On the basis of these approaches, a space shuttle launch capability, and state-of-the-art materials, it is possible to design unfurlable reflectors as large as 130 feet (40 meters) in diameter to operate at 10 GHz and 600 feet (183 meters) in diameter at 0.5 GHz. These figures can be increased if very low thermal coefficient of expansion materials can be developed over the next 2-5 years. It is recommended that a special effort be made to develop light weight materials that would provide nearly zero thermal coefficient of expansion and good thermal conductivity within the next 10 years. A conservative prediction of the kinds of unfurlable spacecraft antennas that will be available by 1985 with orbital performance predicted on the basis of test data and with developed manufacturing processes is summarized.


Deep vertical etching of Si using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and Au as catalyst has been studied in terms of relative reactant concentrations and catalyst morphology. The concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid are highly important and the ratio of the same can be varied to achieve isotropic to highly anisotropic vertical etching. Catalyst morphology and positioning of the substrate was also seen to affect vertical etch profiles, with high catalyst deposition rates and horizontal placement of the sample giving deep etching without defects.


Spiritual equality, responsibility, and accountability for both men and women are well-developed themes in the Qur'an. Spiritual equality between men and women in the sight of God is not limited purely to religious issues, but is the basis for equality in all aspects of human endeavor. This article's main interest is in the woman's status, and her role within the Arab countries. Islam is the main religion—its principles, values, and practices are dominant in the region. Therefore, this article introduces and discusses the misinterpretation of women in Islam, with special consideration of Muslim women's rights and their roles within the Muslim society. This will help to enhance future discussions of social behavior, values, and attitudes toward women in Islam.

In the last few decades there has been a great misunderstanding in many aspects of public consciousness about the role of women in Arabic society. There is a significant gap between the status of males and females. However, this gap is more evident in rural areas. The level of women's rights and roles in many Arabic countries prevents women from improving their economic growth and development. This gender gap is the result of social, religious, cultural, and gender inequality. More specifically, it results from structural constraints faced by women.

Gender inequality is not a new issue, nor is it only Muslim women who are suffering from this inequality. There is gender discrimination almost everywhere.

The Qur'an is the basis of Islam, and encompasses rules, legislation, examples, advice, history, and system of the universe. It draws a picture of the earth and describes the roles of human beings. The Qur'an is the answer to the spiritual and material needs of the Islamic society, and is an exposition and an explanation of all aspects of life.


Based on the study of the bainitic rail and bainitic frog,60AT bainitic rail is made by component selection,refining,finish rolling and stabilizing treatment,and then is processed into bainitic switch rail.The mechanical properties of 60AT bainitic rail and compromise rail are inspected.It's known from the inspection results that 60AT bainitic rail and compromise rail can meet the requirements of the related standards in the full-section tensile strength,the yield strength and elongation,etc.,and with excellent strength-toughness coordination.The toughness index of bainitic switch rail is much better than that of pearlitic switch rail.Meanwhile, bainite switch rail has high and uniform full-section hardness without quenching.The laying test on Datong-Qinhuangdao Line shows that bainitic switch rail has no serious fatigue damage such as spalling.Its wear resistance is obviously superior to that of the pearlitic rail.The service life of the bainitic switch rail is about 2 times more than the pearlitic switch rail.


NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFSThe National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Centeruses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific andtechnical publications when complete formal review and editorial processingare not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect soundprofessional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technicalliterature.The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska FisheriesScience Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by theNorthwest Fisheries Center. The new NMFS-NWFSC series will be used bythe Northwest Fisheries Science Center.This document should be cited as follows:Hill, P. S., J. L. Laake, and E. Mitchell. 1999. Results of a pilotprogram to document interactions between sperm whales and longlinevessels in Alaska waters. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo.NMFS-AFSC-108, 42 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement bythe National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.


This paper describes what added value the Web services supporting XML protocols could bring to XForms compared to the traditional HTTP protocol. This is done by first examining the limitations of the HTTP, secondly, how these could be overcome by using Web services supporting XML protocols, and thirdly, what added value is reached. Use cases are presented to exemplify the possible scenarios, and one of the use cases is implemented in practice. Finally, the results are discussed to state, whether the integration of XForms and Web services is useful, and the possible future work is described.


The purpose of this study is to describe Finnish and Estonian preschool teachers' thoughts on the problems they encounter in their pedagogical work in the preschool context. The study involved interviews with 80 preschool teachers (40 in each country). The theoretical framework of the study is based on quality as a pedagogical phenomenon, whereby three interrelated dimensions are examined: structural, process and outcome quality. The data was analysed and interpreted phenomenographically. The teachers in both countries talked about problems, which connected mainly with structural and partly with process quality. Estonian teachers worried about insufficient co-operation between families and educational staff. The Finnish teachers mentioned difficulties in building stable partnerships with parents who were working intermittently and the equality of co-operation with their colleagues. It would be valuable to investigate preschool teachers' problems in everyday work and how they solve them individually and in co-operation with their colleagues.


The theory behind bipartisan constitutional computer-aided redistricting essentially consists of three normative criteria which any systematic legislative redistricting scheme probably ought to seek to achieve. First, the redistricting system ought to be feasible such that it keeps computer time and other costs down to a minimum. Second, the system ought to provide legislative districts that will be approximately equal in population per representative so as to satisfy the Supreme Court's equality criterion, and the districts should be so shaped as to satisfy other legal requirements that relate to contiguity. Third, the system should consider the impact of the resulting districting on incumbents and on party balance so as to minimize the unhappiness which redistricting might otherwise produce for political leaders and for diverse political viewpoints.


Background: Increasing evidence of progressive damage to germ cell development in boys with cryptorchidism suggests recommending surgery until one year of age. However, despite early and successful orchidopexy, cryptorchid boys with impaired mini-puberty will suffer from infertility. We reviewed changes in the timing of surgery during the past decade and the incidence of unilateral cryptorchid boys with defective mini-puberty. Methods: Medical registries were reviewed for all patients who were operated on for cryptorchidism at the main pediatric urological center of the country. The ages of surgery in cases of unilateral cryptorchidism were compared between the years 2000-2001 and 2012-2013. A high risk of infertility was considered when no Ad spermatogonia were found. Two groups were compared: group I - operated on until the age of 1.5 years and group II - older than 1.5 years. Results: The average age at operation decreased from 5.3 to 4.1 years. Forty-six biopsies in boys with unilateral cryptorchidism were made during orchidopexy on undescended testicles. Overall, 44% in group I and 50 % in group II (p > 0.05) had no Ad spermatogonia. Conclusions: The average age of operation for cryptorchidism has decreased, but remains far above the recommended age. The high prevalence of histologically proven risk of infertility underscores the necessity of more education regarding the importance of earlier surgery and the research on hormonal prevention of infertility.


At the moment, service providers have various problems: 1. The standard protocol (pros and cons), 2. Lack of a unified DP register, 3. Low DP standards (use of a controlled vocabulary, classification systems, Structures of OAI-PMH set, use of metadata format), 4. Communication of data from DP (descriptive information: type of content, number of records, harvesting problems, character's codification), 5. Quality of metadata and content, 6. Forward and backward duplication, 7. Appropriate copy, 8. Preservation, 9. IPR (Intellectual Property Right), 10. Authority control.
The roles of service providers are:
1. SP as aggregation services of information, digital libraries and meta-libraries.
2. SP depend on DP as MetaOPAC depends to single catalogues.
3. SP enhance the scholarly production's visibility and impact increasing the value of the content of DP
In order to perform these functions, the most important things are:
- Advocacy in the authors
- Institutional policies to fill up the archives
- Agreement with editors for the author's maintenance of copyright
- Standardization of metadata
- Wider cooperation and collaboration


China is in the midst of a major social transformation. "Providing support for the elderly" has become a growing public concern. Social transformations are bound to bring about changes in the old pattern of eldercare. Under these new historical conditions, the problem of how to build up a social eldercare-guarantees system that has Chinese characteristics and is in accordance with the socialist market economy is a matter of major significance.


In this work, and within the frame of the optical-mechanical analogy, the general angle eikonal ξ (Legendre transform of phase or eikonal ψ(r, t)) is identified as the optical analogue of the time integral of co-Lagrangian function F and its variation in the surface separating two media of different refractive indices is identi ied as the increment of its mechanical analogue when an impulsive constraint is suddenly imposed to a mechanical system. An extremal principle, dual (in the sense of Young) to that of Fermat is stated and together with an additional dispersion relation allows to reobtain canonical ray equations. The optical analogue of co-Lagrangian function is introduced and its Euler-Lagrange equation is found in k-space. It is also shown that ξ verifies an equation dual to the eikonal one, allowing to broaden the number of known analytical solutions of the eikonal equation. An example illustrates this duality between eikonal and angle eikonal.


The objective of this research was to study the value of clinical treatment for 49 cases of unable-surgery middle or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. With different treatment methods after divided into 3 groups, 18 patients were treated with radiation therapy (RT) only; 18 with transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE); 13 with TACE+RT. A total of 49 cases showed the survival rates of 1-,2-,3- year were 61.2%, 32.6% and 14.3%, respectively; 1-,2-,3-,year survival rates were 38.9%, 5.6%, 0, in TACE group; 66.7%, 38.9%, 16.7%, in RT group; 84.6%, 53.8%, 30.8% in TACE + RT group. There was no significant statistic difference between groups of TACE and RT, neither between groups of TACE+ RT and RT, P0.05; but there was a significant statistic difference between groups TACE+RT and TACE, P0.05. Primary study indicates that TACE+RT has better therapeutic results than RT or TACE used only in middle or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. TACE+RT combined therapy is more effective, and to is the first selection, than other methods for unable-surgery middle or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma.


The subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in Jiulianshan is a transitional type between the mid-subtropical and lower subtropical forest types.The species are abundant.To understand the particular characteristics of the local forest community,a 4 hm2 permanent experimental field plot was established.Trees with a DBH of at least 1 centimeter were mapped and measured.The results of an analysis are presented in this paper.The floristic characteristics indicate that the tropical element is more dominant than the temperate one.As a whole,the floristic composition is a transitional one between subtropical and tropical regions.A total of 221 species,belonging to 107 genera and 58 families is found in the plot.The greatest number of species and individuals belongs to the families Theaceae,Lauraceae and Fagaceae.The proportion of rare species is high,accounting for 40.72% of the total number of species.Based on the importance value,Castanopsis lamontii,C.carlesii,Diospyros morrisiana,Eurya loquaiana,C.fabri and C.fargesii are dominant species.The vertical structure is composed of an upper tree layer(≥18 m),a middle tree layer(10~18 m),a lower tree layer(5~10 m),a shrub layer(5 m)and a herb layer.The DBH distribution of all individuals has an inverted-J shape,which indicates a stable and normal size structure.Castanopsis lamontii,C.carlesii,D.morrisiana,C.fabri,Schima superba,Neolitsea chuii,Machilus thunbergii and Litsea elongata communities appear to be stable with an inverted-J shaped distribution.Pinus massoniana belongs to the decreasing community without the individual with DBH below 15 cm in the plot,and the dominant species tend to have an aggregated spatial distribution in different DBH classes and at different scales.The spatial aggregation degrees of different species show different changing trend with the increasing scale.


Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been successful in designing and providing technical performance-based training for the Argus security system. This training has been developed for technical and operational staff at facilities installing or using the Argus security system. The Argus training program is designed to instruct candidates to become the trainers for their facilities. The design criteria of the Argus training program includes: Meeting orders of the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense, Being flexible for a changing environment, Customizing lessons to site`s needs, and Configuring for a specific job. The Argus training staff has implemented a successful process for designing and developing integrated training to sup port complex systems, each with its own operational needs, and adapting it to specific sites.


Located in the middle and upper parts of the Yellow River Basin, Qingshuihe County, Inner Mongolia, is a typical hilly and gully loess region and one of areas under the implementation of major ecological protection and restoration projects in the key ecological areas of Yellow River. Scientifically and accurately constructing a soil quality evaluation system for different types of artificial forest land and evaluating their soil quality are essential because they help optimize the structure of artificial forest land and improve the soil quality in the loess hilly area of Yellow River Basin. In this study, soil from four representative types of artificial forest land in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia was selected as the study object, with natural non-forest land as the control. Sixteen soil property indices in five classes, namely, soil texture, acid–base properties, moisture, pore, and nutrient, were screened using correlation analysis, minimum dataset (MDS), and principal component analysis methods, and an MDS of soil quality evaluation was constructed. Results showed that (1) the evaluation indices of artificial forest land soil quality based on the MDS included total potassium content, total phosphorus content, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content, total nitrogen content, sand content, moisture content, and non-capillary porosity. (2) No significant differences were observed in the soil quality index among the MDS, total dataset, and significant dataset (SDS), all of which exhibited significant positive correlations. (3) The soil quality of the different types of forest land was sorted from high to low as follows: mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, larch forests, mixed arbor and shrub forests, Armeniaca sibirica forests, and natural non-forest land.


Abstract The Diels–Alder adducts, 3a–e, of phencyclone, 1, have been prepared from a series of N‐n‐alkylmaleimides, 2, with medium chain‐length n‐alkyl groups. The maleimides were obtained by cyclodehydration of the N‐n‐alkylmaleamic acids, 4, formed from reaction of maleic anhydride with the corresponding n‐alkylamines. The five adducts prepared included derivatives from n‐heptyl, 3a; n‐octyl, 3b; n‐nonyl, 3c; n‐decyl, 3d; and n‐dodecyl, 3e. The NMR spectra of the adducts were studied in CDCl3 at ambient temperatures at 300 MHz for proton and 75 MHz for carbon‐13, with full proton assignments achieved by high‐resolution COSY45 spectra for the aryl and the alkyl regions. Slow exchange limit (SEL) spectra were observed for both 1H and 13C spectra showing slow rotation on the NMR timescales of the unsubstituted bridgehead phenyl groups. Endo Diels–Alder adduct stereochemistry was supported by striking magnetic anisotropic shielding effects in the 1H spectra of the alkyl groups, with the NCH2 CH 2 signal of each adduct appearing upfield of tetramethylsilane (TMS) at ca. −0.32 ppm. Proton NMR spectra for precursor maleamic acids and maleimides are reported, with some solvent effects found (CDCl3 vs. d 6‐acetone) for the carbon‐bound HC˭CH protons of 4. Ab initio molecular modeling calculations at the Hartree‐Fock level using the 6‐31G* basis set have been performed for two key conformers of the phencyclone adduct of N‐n‐octylmaleimide, as a representative structure for these hindered adducts, to estimate geometric parameters for the adduct. A syn conformer, with the alkyl chain directed into the adduct cavity, was found to be ca. 0.23 kcal/mol lower energy than an anti conformer (in which the alkyl chain was directed away from the phenanthrenoid moiety).


Lean and Six Sigma are powerful principles and methodologies applicable to any area of work. They enable individuals and teams to focus on what constitutes value to their customers, and on how to deliver that as effectively and efficiently as possible. Applied in a continuous way, Lean and Six Sigma can become a way of working and a philosophy for any organization. This case study shows how Lean and Six Sigma were used to identify and streamline the priorities for a global Information Management Service within Pharmaceutical Research and Development so that it could deliver real and consistent value to its customers.


Purpose: Organizations are often regarded to benefit from workforce diversity and inclusion since it broadens their expertise and viewpoints. The purpose of this study is to bring together the disparate literature on workforce diversity and inclusion. as well as to shed light on future research avenues in the field of workforce diversity management. Design/Methodology: This research looked at a variety of empirical and conceptual studies on workforce diversity and its implications. Using the literature published between 1987 and 2021. The paper uses secondary data gathered for the review of workforce diversity and inclusion. Findings: A literature evaluation was commissioned to focus on workplace diversity and inclusion. Through the review, it was clearly understood the implication of workforce diversity and inclusion to the modern era. According to the findings of the review, there is a large body of research in the field of diversity and its outcomes. More study in the domain of inclusion and its related effects is needed because it is a comparatively recent topic of investigation. Practical implication: This study examines the effectiveness of literature reviews in broadening existing knowledge on a specific area and formulating research prospects for future studies for researchers. Originality/Value: This study contributes a theoretical perspective to the management of key diversity and the development of diverse organizations.


I provide a thematic reconstruction of Hegel's positive concept of right. Against those who charge that Hegel denies any role to substantive political evaluation, I argue that the Philosophy of Right articulates a notion of the right to recognition (Anerkennung) as the central feature of the modern state. The concept of recognition, I contend, requires not just toleration of others but a more robust notion of respect for the "free personality" that is the philosophical ground of right. The right to recognition is, furthermore, intended to provide the foundation for a new form of ethical life (Sittlichkeit), Hegel's modern analogue to classical conceptions of civic virtue. In conclusion I examine briefly two objections that stand in the way of a contemporary rehabilitation of Hegelian political philosophy.


Archived wind tunnel test data are available for flyback booster or other alternate recoverable configurations as well as reusable orbiters studied during initial development (Phase B) of the Space Shuttle. Considerable wind tunnel data was acquired by the competing contractors and the NASA centers for an extensive variety of configurations with an array of wing and body planforms. All contractor and NASA wind tunnel test data acquiredin the Phase B development have been compiled into a database and are available for applying to current winged flyback or recoverable booster aerodynamic studies. The Space Shuttle Phase B Wind Tunnel Database is structured by vehicle component and configuration type. Basic components include the booster, the orbiter, and the launch vehicle. Booster configuration types include straight and delta wings, canard, cylindrical, retroglide, and twin body. Orbiter configuration types include straight and delta wings, lifting body, drop tanks, and double delta wings. Launch configration types include booster and orbiter components in various stacked and tandom combinations. The digital database consists of 220 files of data containing basic tunnel recorded data.


This paper discusses the implications of adaptability to emergent technologies and changing users need to the success of information systems and thereby proposes an extension to the renowned IS success model introduced by DeLone and McLean. Keywords-Information Success Model, Adaptability


In the article we would like to introduce our research areas,
which are running at our Department (Budapest Univerity of Technology and Economics,
Department of Energy Engeneering) in the field of regenerative diesel fuels. We introduce
the measuring system which is based on an ASTM-CFR F5 cetane method diesel fuel-rating unit.
In the course of measuring, we analysed the influences of different alcohol-rape seed oil
mixtures to their burning processes and emission.


Computer Science and technology are following the wheels of social development, constantly moving forward, and epoch-making artificial intelligence technology has emerged. As soon as artificial intelligence technology appeared, it quickly became popular in all industries. After applying artificial intelligence technology to the Internet, society's demand for artificial intelligence has reached a peak.


Abstract We prove that a sequence of hyperdifferential operators is an orthonormal basis of the space of continuous F q-linear functions on F q[[T]]. By Conrad's digit principle, the q-adic extensions of this sequence, called the digit derivatives, turn out to be an orthonormal basis of the whole space of continuous functions on F q[[T]]. We then give the explicit derivation of the formula for digit derivative coefficients.


It was evaluated the variability fenotipic in early phases of selection from plants regenerated of the mutagenic treatment with dose of 30 Gy of radiations Gamma (source 60 Co) applicated to calluses in growth of the donating ´SP 70-1284´ tolerant to the rust disease of the sugarcane Puccinia melanocephala . The main changes the plants obtained in vitro , consinted in the height, the color, habit of growth, length and width of the leaf, as well as in the affectation for the rust disease. 14.28% of the changes all fenotipic was observed in plantin, and in the shoot the plants presented 10.99% of changes all fenotipic. In the vegetative multiplication one (MV 1 ) three possible mutants were selected with smaller affectation in front rust disease of the sugarcan, resistance character to the rust disease efficiency of the tissue culture and the mutations induction with the dose of 30 Gy were of a mutant for each 1 525 plants evaluated in early phase of selection. Key words: variation fenotipic, selection early, mutagenesis


The restrictiveness of special education placements was examined by profession (administrators, school psychologists, and special education teacters) and by type of handicapping condition (mental retardation [MR], emotional disturbance [ED], and learning disability [LD]). A total of 66 professionals (22 in each profession) assigned placement scores, using the Rucker-Gable Educational Placement Scale, on the basis of three psychological reports (one MR, ED, and LD case per professional). Results indicated that the average placement scores for the three cases combined did not differ significantly by profession. However, a significant interaction occurred, with administrators assigning the MR and ED cases to more restrictive placements than both the school psychologists and special educators, only to shift to a relatively less restrictive approach with the LD case. Implications of these findings are discussed, including a discussion of the multidisciplinary approach to clinical decision making.


By the use of two type 37 vacuum tubes it has been found possible to design a high impedance voltmeter which possesses an approximate voltage squared characteristic, and is therefore suitable for the measurement of r.m.s. values of alternating potentials. The circuit of the voltmeter is such as to make the readings independent of appreciable fluctuations of the battery potential supplied to the tubes.


There is a vast literature on the influence of land use changes on rainfall-runoff processes. The problem is difficult as it requires separation of climatic and water management related changes from land use influences. The present paper addresses the problem of the influence of land use changes on maximum flows at cross-sections along the middle River Vistula reach. We adopt a methodology tested at the catchment scale, which consists of an optimisation of a rainfall-runoff model using a moving time horizon and analysis of the variability of model parameters. In the present application, it consists of an analysis of changes of roughness coefficients of a distributed HEC-RAS model, optimised using a moving five-year window. The chosen river reach (between Annopol and Gusin) has a recorded history of land use changes over 50 years (from 1949 to 2001), which included 36% of the study area. The nature of the changes is complex and shows different trends for different plant communities and sections of the valley. Generally, there has been a several percent increase in the area occupied by forests and grassland communities and a slight increase in the proportion of scrub. The first step of the procedure is to define the river reaches that have recorded information on land use changes. The second step is to perform a moving window optimisation of the HEC-RAS model for a chosen river reach. In order to assess the influence of land use changes on maximum flow values, the goodness-of-fit of the simulation of annual maximum water levels is used as an optimisation criterion. In this way the influence of land use changes


The invention relates to a foaming-based melt electrospun fiber, belonging to the field of static spinning. The preparation process of the melt electrospun fiber includes dissolving supercritical gases into a polymer to form a supersaturation state and forming a micropore polymer through foaming; and preparing the foamed micropore polymer to obtain the melt electrospun fiber through a spinning device. After the polymer and inert gases under the supercritical state are mixed, the viscosity of the polymer is reduced, and the diameter of the prepared fiber can be reduced. During the spinning process, the gases are easy to overflow, and the surface roughness and the porosity of the fiber can be improved.