Objective: Few studies have explored the influence ofepilepsy on how autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) manifest in children. This study examined the association of epilepsy and ASDs by comparing 60 children aged between 8-16 who have an ASD and epilepsy with 60 matched children who have an ASD only. The study investigates whether children with the combination of epilepsy and an ASD differ in their behaviour, cognitive skills, and/or neurologically from children who have an ASD only. We are specifically interested in whether children with a combined diagnosis show a different profile of ASD features and characteristics to those with a single diagnosis. Methods: The following measures are being used: (1) Structured parental interview Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale; (2) Individual assessment of the child neuropsychological assessment, structured observation, clinical neurological examination; (3) Parental questionnaires the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, behavioural phenotypes questionnaire, questionnaire on resources and stress. Results: Data will be presented on a sub-sample of children assessed to date. Preliminary findings indicate that all participants in the epilepsy and ASD sample have intellectual disabilities and that, for the majority, their disability is profound. Children with epilepsy and an ASD varied in their quality of social interaction, the majority were 'active but odd' rather than being 'aloof and withdrawn' or 'passive'. Most of the children with epilepsy and an ASD experienced generalized seizures, and many had both generalized and partial seizures. Parents reported finding the ASD and related behaviour more difficult to cope with than the epilepsy. Conclusions: Data gathering continues. Preliminary findings are consistent with epilepsy being associated with particular profiles of ASD. If confirmed, these findings will have implications regarding diagnosis and management.


Methods for both the accurate calibration and also the use of an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) for accurate 3D reconstruction are described. Unlike previous work, the proposed methodology does not require either known motions of a target or use of calibration target with accurate fiducial marks. Experimental results from the calibration studies show the necessity for taking into account and correcting for distortions in the SEM imaging process. Moreover, the presence of high-frequencies components in the distortion field demonstrates that classic parametric distortion models are not sufficient to model distortions in a typical ESEM system. Results from preliminary 3-D shape measurements indicate that the calibration process removes measurement bias and reduces random errors to a range of ±0.05 pixel, which corresponded to ±43 nanometers for the objects being studied in this work.


Multiple primary milia were found on the vulva of a 52-year-old woman who was referred to the dermatology clinic by her gynecologist. These lesions are commonly distributed on the face and rarely occur in this location without antecedent trauma. This report demonstrates the unique presentation of primary milia in the genital region and explores the diagnostic features and treatment methods of these lesions. Introduction Milia are benign superficial keratinous cysts that arise from pilosebaceous follicles. Primary milia arise spontaneously whereas secondary milia occur subsequent to an injury to the skin. These lesions are most commonly found on the cheeks and the eyelids [1]. We would like to describe a case of milia localized only to the vulva. Case Synopsis A 52-year-old woman was referred by her gynecologist to our dermatology clinic with a chief complaint of bumpy rough papules in the vulvar area for three years. These papules were neither pruritic nor painful, but had a negative impact on her quality of life. They were both cosmetically displeasing and caused her a great deal of emotional distress. She denied the use of occlusive undergarments or depilatories. She had no history of waxing or any other form of antecedent trauma. Her review of systems was unremarkable, and her past medical history was significant only for anxiety with a history of panic attacks. On physical exam, the patient exhibited multiple grayish-white, spherical papules on the labia majora and minora that measured less than 1 cm each (Figure 1). She also had seborrheic keratoses and stucco keratoses on her torso and lower extremities, respectively. A punch biopsy of one of the lesions from the vulva revealed small cysts in the dermis, lined by stratified squamous epithelium and filled with keratinaceous debris (Figure 2). These findings were consistent with milia. Figure 1. Multiple grayish-white papules on the vulva Figure 2. H&E staining of biopsy specimen from the patient revealing small cysts lined by stratified squamous epithelium and filled with keratinaceous debris. 40X magnification.


Abstract 3885

Lenalidomide has promising clinical activity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Unlike other anti-leukemia drugs, lenalidomide is not cytotoxic for CLL cells in vitro. Similar to CD154, lenalidomide can enhance CLL-cell expression of immune co-stimulatory molecules, formation of immunologic synapse, activation of NK-cells, and generation of anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, lenalidomide repeatedly can enhance expression of CD154, which we had observed was functionally deficient in patients with CLL. However the exact mechanism of action of lenalidomide is still under investigation.

Herein, we studied the gene expression profile and microRNA (miR) of CLL cells collected from 20 patients before and at day 8 and day 15 of treatment with 2.5–5 mg of lenalidomide in the CRC014 trial.

We observed significant changes in expression level of 54 genes at day 8 versus pre-treatment samples. We identified significant changes in expression level of 189 genes at day 15 versus pre-treatment samples. This included 44 of the 54 (81%) genes noted at day 8. Forty genes were expressed at significantly higher levels at day 8 and day 15 of lenalidomide treatment. We noted that 7 (17%) of these genes were related to Ras pathway and its downstream signaling pathways (i.e. NF-KappaB pathway): Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 4 (RASSF4), a member of RAS oncogene family (RAB13), Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1 (RASGRF1), GTPase IMAP family member 6 (GIMAP6), GTP-binding protein ras homolog gene family member S (RND1), kinase suppressor of Ras 2 (KSR2) and toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2 (TICAM2). Ras signaling affects many cellular functions, which includes cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, fate specification, and differentiation. In the resting cells, Ras is tightly bound to GDP (Guanosine Diphosphate), which is exchanged for GTP (Guanosine Triphosphate) upon binding to activated cell membrane receptors. In the GTP-bound form, Ras interacts with a broad range of effector proteins to induce a diverse array of biological consequences. Although typically associated with enhanced growth and transformation, activated Ras also may induce growth antagonistic effects such as senescence or apoptosis. Some of the growth-inhibitory properties of Ras are mediated via the RASSF family of Ras effector/tumor suppressors. RASSF4 is the fifth member of this family and it binds directly to activated K-Ras in a GTP-dependent manner via the effector domain, thus exhibiting the basic properties of a Ras effector. Overexpression of RASSF4 induces Ras-dependent apoptosis in 293-T cells and inhibits the growth of human tumor cell lines. Although broadly expressed in normal tissue, RASSF4 is frequently down-regulated by promoter methylation in human tumor cells and primary tumors.

However changes in miR expression also may affect the level of gene expression. Therefore we analyzed miRs expression by microarray in pre treatment, day 8, and day 15 CLL samples. We observed significant changes in expression levels of 33 miRs between day 8 and pre treatment samples. We identified significant changes in expression levels of 11 miRs between day 15 and pre treatment samples. Of the 33 miRs differentially expressed at day 8, only 5 were up-regulated whereas the remaining 28 were down-regulated. Interestingly, among these 28 down-regulated miRs, 5 miRs (miR-103, miR-16, miR-30a, miR-30b and miR-342-3p) target RASSF4. Noteworthy, miR-342-3p was one of the 3 miRs (miR-26a, miR-138 and miR-342-3p) down-regulated both at day 8 and at day 15, suggesting that the down-regulation of such miR has a key role in the overexpression of RASSF4 leading to Ras-dependent apoptosis.

Further studies are ongoing to elucidate lenalidomide action on CLL cells via RASSF4 overexpression. This study demonstrates that treatment with lenalidomide can induce down-regulation of miRs associated with changes in gene expression by CLL cells, leading to over-expression of RASSF4 and other Ras or GTPase related proteins that can induce growth antagonistic effects and account in part for the activity of this drug in CLL.

Disclosures: James: Celgene: Research Funding. Neuberg: Celgene: Research Funding. Corral: Celgene: Employment. Kipps: Igenica: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbott Industries: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding.


287 Professor Tadeusz Orłowski passed away on July 30, 2008. He was an outstanding physician and the teacher of many generations of doctors, a distinguished and committed scientist, an author of about 400 scientific publications, the supervisor of a few dozen doctoral theses in medical sciences and also a former soldier of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa, Polish resistance organization during World War II), an excellent mountaineer and, more importantly, a man full of kindness helping many of his friends and an authority on scientific and medical issues. The notice of his death filled us with deep grief. I have the honor of presenting a few reflections on the work of Professor Tadeusz Orłowski on behalf of the medical circles cooperating with the Polish Academy of Sciences (Polska Akademia Nauk – PAN). I knew Professor Orłowski for many years, he showed his kindness and offered his help during the time that I have spent at the Medical Academy of Warsaw and the PAN. It is my wish to express my respect through this remembrance. Professor Tadeusz Orłowski was born on September 13, 1917 in Kazań but he spent practically his whole life in Warsaw where he received general and medical education. In 1943, he completed medical studies at the underground University of Warsaw. In the years 1943–1948, he worked at the University of Warsaw being involved in research work and education, subsequently he worked at the Medical Academy (1948–1987). In the post-war period he also worked at the Scientific Institute of Physical Culture of Warsaw. In the years 1954–1955, he was in charge of the Polish Red Cross hospital in Hyn-Nam (Korea). He interned in departments in Lund (1958), St. Louis (1959–1960), London (1962) and Pisa (1962). He was the chairman of the First Department of Internal Diseases at the Medical Academy of Warsaw (1963– 1975), the director of the Transplantation Institute (1975–1987) and a professor in the Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering at the PAN (1990–2008). For decades Professor Tadeusz Orłowski was an active member of the PAN; he was an associate secretary at the Department of Medical Sciences (1963–1968), subsequently a secretary at the Department (1969–1971), the first associate scientific secretary at the PAN (1979–1980) and a member of the PAN Board (1966–1980 and 1984–1989). While he was working at the Academy, he was the prime mover and organizer of the Transplantation Institute, which initially functioned as a joint unit of the PAN and the Medical Academy of Warsaw and was subsequently incorporated to the Academy. He was actively involved in establishing the Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy in Wrocław, the PAN Center for Experimental and Clinical Medicine in Warsaw, the PAN Institute of Human Genetics in Poznań and the Central Tissue Bank. When retired, he was still spending a lot of time in the Institute, supervised research and was always ready to hold consultations. It has to be noted that he was involved in the first successful kidney transplant in Poland (1963), prepared and introduced immunotherapy for primary glomerulopathies into the clinical practice and modified the treatment of end-stage renal disease. He helped to design a coil and a parallel plate dialyzer used in the treatment of patients with renal failure; he also introduced rabbit anti-lymphocyte globulin for the treatment of kidney transplant rejection. He was the author of many textbooks. In the years 1963–1994, he served as editor-in-chief of the Polish Archives of Internal Medicine. MEMORIAL ARTICLE


infarcts caused by parent arterial disease occluding the perforator's orifice, and non-BOD, infarcts beyond the subcortical area caused by artery-to-artery embolism. To test whether these 2 types of ICAS had different vascular pathophysiologies, we compared the high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging characteristics between BOD and non-BOD ICAS. Methods —Eighty patients with acute infarcts caused by ICAS of proximal middle cerebral artery or basilar artery without carotid/cardiac embolic sources or nonatherosclerotic causes were enrolled (36 BOD and 44 non-BOD patients). The steno-occlusive intracranial artery at the maximal stenosis was analyzed for vascular remodeling and wall enhancement. Results —BOD had distinct radiological features in terms of vascular morphology and enhancement. BOD showed a milder stenosis than non-BOD ( P <0.001). Positive remodeling was more frequently observed in non-BOD than in BOD ( P =0.005). Wall area index was also lower in BOD. Plaque enhancement was observed in all but one non-BOD patient and in one fourth of BOD patients ( P =0.003). Although both types showed an eccentric enhancement, this enhancement was more frequently distributed in the BOD group on the side where the perforators arose. As the number of asymptomatic intracranial stenosis increased, the degree of stenosis (rho=0.513, P =0.003) increased in the BOD group, whereas enhanced plaque area (rho=0.343, P =0.030) increased in the non-BOD group. Conclusions —Our data indicate that BOD is a common and unique form of ICAS, distinct from non-BOD. These 2 types of ICAS have different vascular pathophysiologies in terms of vascular remodeling and plaque characteristics.


In order to explore to change regularity of contents of phenol,volatile acid,nitrite and hydrogen sulfide of different fermenting time in marsh liquids of fermenting methane to fit.Methods were that marsh liquid of fermented(sampleⅠ),moist aerator tank(sample Ⅱ),preprecitation pool(sample Ⅲ) and integration oxidation ditch(sample Ⅳ) have been collected in the 0,7,14,21 and 28 days fermenting methane respectively.Phenol(method of methylcellulose),volatile acid(caustic soda titration),nitrite(a-naphthylarnine) and hydrogen sulfide(iodine quart) have been determined.Results were that the phenol contents of groups were decreased as fast as fermenting time increased.Contents of volatile acid were increased in fermenting time,but all ≦0.335g/L(28days).Contents of nitrite: sample Ⅰ was increased significantly(p﹤0.05);sample Ⅱ was increased tendency,sample Ⅲ and Ⅳ were decreased tendency(p﹥0.05).Contents of hydrogen sulfide: sample Ⅰ was increased significantly(p﹤0.05 or p﹤0.01) as fast as fermenting time;sample Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased(p﹥0.05)and sample Ⅳ was decreased(p﹥0.05).Conclusion was that when marsh liquids were fermented in 21~28days,it is safe to select marsh liquids feeding animal as sample Ⅱ and Ⅲ;which will not cause to be poisoned for phenol,volatile acid,volatile acid nitrite and hydrogen sulfide


Abstract Because of poor coverage by synoptic stations, the tropical circulation over the eastern Pacific has not been known too well. As a result of photographic experiments, using the geosynchronous ATS-I satellite, fields of cloud motion over the eastern equatorial Pacific were mapped in detail on a number of days in September 1967. It was found that a large-scale flow from the Southern Hemisphere recurves after crossing the equator to form an anticyclone centered around 10N. Dynamical characteristics of this type of anticyclone were investigated by estimating the vorticity dissipating force from computed values of divergence and vorticity of low-cloud velocities determined from successive ATS-I pictures. The vorticity dissipating force seems to be related closely to the sea-surface temperature which would reduce the frictional coupling between the low-level atmosphere and the underlying sea surface. It was found that the anticyclone in its development stage results in a discontinuity of the intertropi...


Epidemiological transitions in India in the 21 century have led to non communicable diseases becoming a major public health problem of growing magnitude. Diabetes is an iceberg disease. Most of the cases remain asymptomatic. Screening for diabetes can identify patients at an early stage of the disease. A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in the rural field practise area of A.C.S. Medical College and hospital (Nazarathpet) in 2018 and analyzed by SPSS 16.0 version. Out of 305 subjects, 30.5% were in low risk category, 52.5% were in moderate risk and 17.0% were at high risk group as per Indian Diabetes Risk Score. Majority of the study subjects were at risk of having diabetes.


To develop an empirically derived short version of the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey II that still accurately measures fear of hypoglycaemia.


R HOPKINS is right in emphasizing that economic factors were important in British expansion into the hinterland of Lagos. He is by no means the first person to have pointed this out. Nor has he really answered the question which Robinson and Gallagher and others studying imperialism from the European end are trying to tackle, viz.: why did these economic factors which failed to move the British inland in the I 850's or I 86o's have so much success in the I 88o's and I89o's? Dr Hopkins replies that there was trade depression in Lagos in the I 88o's, that this depression, apart from heightening competition among traders of different nationalities, was the cause, not the result, of the wars in the Yoruba hinterland; that the wars in turn provoked the imposition of a British settlement aimed at improving Lagos trade; and that the Lagos merchants in their period of depression had the influence in London, which they did not have before, to move the British government to action. This series of paradoxes deserves closer scrutiny. "Whatever the origins of the Yoruba Wars," he says, "their continuation in the second half of the nineteenth century was very largely the product of a crisis of adaptation which faced African producers as a result of the decline of the Atlantic slave trade... The crisis of adaptation had no precedents." He suggests four aspects of this "crisis of adaptation". (a) Yoruba rulers "who had risen to power on the profits of the Atlantic slave trade found that they were driven to become specialized producers in a field where there was now a high degree of atomistic competition... Dependent as they were on earnings from foreign trade for a significant part of their total incomes, they viewed their new position with considerable misgivings." (b) They tried "to maintain the level of their previous incomes, and hence their current political power, by taxing the new wealth of the numerous small producers. This they did mainly by imposing taxes on trade." (c) They therefore resented the British presence in Lagos and particularly the anti-slave trade blockade. (d) The military leaders in particular "attempted to bolster their declining fortunes" by plundering. "The warriors had been forced to embrace legitimate commerce, but because the new trade was less profitable than the old they sought at the same time to carry on, anachronistically, as freebooters in the modern world of international capitalism." Unfortunately, Dr Hopkins gives precious little evidence to support these theories, and he shows very little knowledge of Yoruba history or society, and


We analyze how the search for the true vacuum at the first breaking of an extended-hypercolor-interaction theory determines the physics at energies of the order of ..lambda../sub HC/. The effects of vacuum alignment on the light-fermion spectrum: number of families, isospin violations in fermion mass matrices, along with pseudo-Goldstone-boson and gauge-meson spectra: are explicitly shown in a SU/sup L/(2) x SU/sup C/(3) x U/sup Y/(1) x SU/sup EHC/(8) x O/sup HCprime/(6) model.


In the present study nine reference Bacillus strains were characterized by whole-cell protein profiles using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A numerical classification of the protein profiles revealed two distinct clusters at 47% similarity level. Cluster 1 comprised four strains belongs to B. subtilis and B. megaterium species at similarity levels changed between 67 and 85%, while cluster 2 consisted five strains belongs to various Bacillus species at similarity levels changed between 50 and 70%. The strains of the cluster 2 were clearly separated from that of cluster 1 by numerical analysis. Our results indicates that SDS-PAGE method combined with computerized analysis of cellular protein profiles provide an effective approach to investigate of taxonomic relationships within Bacillus species.


Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treated with biological drugs (bDMARDs) have increased risk of hospitalized infection (i.e. infection causing admission to hospital) compared to the general population. Since patients with RA, axSpA and PsA have different age distributions, and age is an important predictor for infection, we found it of interest to quantify the excess burden of hospitalized infection in patients with inflammatory arthritis treated with bDMARDs compared to the general population and to investigate whether risk depended on age and diagnosis. Objectives: To compare the risk of hospitalized infection in bio-naïve patients with inflammatory arthritis, who started treatment with a bDMARD with that of the general population, and to explore how this risk was influenced by age and diagnosis. Methods: Matched cohort study based on data from The Danish Rheumatology Register (DANBIO) linked with The Danish National Patient Register and The Danish National Prescription Register. Patients with a diagnosis of RA, PsA or axSpA in DANBIO initiating first bDMARD January 2006-December 2016 were included. For each patient, 10 controls from the general population, matched by age, sex, postal code and date were obtained. Infection risk in patients and matched controls were compared in analyses stratified by age and diagnosis, with Cox proportional hazards models accounting for matching. Follow-up time was 12 months irrespective of whether treatment was continued or changed during follow-up. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03496831. Results: In total, 11,372 patients and 113,715 controls were included. Overall, hospitalized infection was observed during follow-up in 4.6% of patients and 1.3% of controls; hazard ratio 3.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4-4.1).Table 1 Baseline characteristics and risk of hospitalized infection. RA AxSpA PsA Patients(n=5985) Matched cohort(n=59848) Patients (n=2958) Matched cohort (n=29579) Patients (n=2429) Matched cohort (n=24288) Age <40 11.9% 11.9% 49.6% 49.6% 29.0% 29.0% 40-49 16.9% 16.9% 26.5% 26.5% 28.1% 28.1% 50-59 28.9% 28.9% 16.0% 16.0% 28.0% 28.0% ≥60 42.3% 42.3% 7.9% 7.9% 14.9% 14.9% Men 25.0% 25.0% 60.9% 60.9% 45.6% 45.6% No. of persons with hospitalized infection during 12 months of follow-up 352 880 81 292 89 262 Absolute risk of hospitalized infection during 12 months of follow-up (95% CI) 5.9%(5.3-6.5%) 1.5%(1.4-1.6%) 2.7%(2.2-3.4%) 1.0%(0.9-1.1%) 3.7%(3.0-4.5%) 1.1%(1.0-1.2%) The absolute risk was highest in RA patients, followed by PsA, axSpA and controls (unadjusted comparison). When stratified by age, the absolute risk increased with age, but was largely similar across diagnoses (Figure). In the stratum ≥60 years, RA patients appeared to have higher risk than axSpA patients, but the subgroup of axSpA patients ≥60 years was small. Conclusion: The risk of hospitalized infection during 12 months of follow-up was approximately four times higher in bio-naïve patients with inflammatory arthritis who started treatment with a biological drug (bDMARD) compared to matched controls from the general population. When stratified by age, the absolute risk was largely similar across the diagnoses RA, axSpA and PsA. Thus, attention to preventive strategies such as vaccination seems prudent in these patients, especially those ≥60 years of age. Disclosure of Interests: Simon Krabbe: None declared, Kathrine L. Grøn: None declared, Bente Glintborg Grant/research support from: Biogen, Pfizer, AbbVie, Frank Mehnert: None declared, Dorte E. Jarbøl: None declared, Mikkel Ǿstergaard Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Celgene, Centocor, Merck, Novartis, Consultant for: Abbvie, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Novo, Orion, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, and UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Novo, Orion, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, and UCB, Merete L. Hetland Grant/research support from: BMS, MSD, AbbVie, Roche, Novartis, Biogen, Pfizer, Consultant for: Eli Lilly, Speakers bureau: Orion Pharma, Biogen, Pfizer, CellTrion, Merck, Samsung Bioepis


The study examined risk-taking capacity and entrepreneurship inclination of graduates among postgraduate students in public universities, Lagos state, Nigeria. The study specifically examined the extent of relationship that exists between the risk-taking capacity factors namely: government regulatory policies, economic factors and business related factors as well as entrepreneurship inclination of graduates. Literature of related importance was reviewed. Three research questions were raised and three null hypotheses were tested to guide the study at .05 significant levels. The descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. Simple random sampling technique was adopted to select 340 postgraduate students in public universities in Lagos State. A researcher designed questionnaire titled "Risk-Taking Capacity and Entrepreneurship Inclination Questionnaire" (RTCEIQ) was the validated instrument used to gather data in the study at r=.80 reliability value. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency coefficient, percentage, mean and standard deviation while Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the three hypotheses generated for the study at p<0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study showed that government regulatory policies (r=.54; df= 328; P<.05), economic factors (r=.48; df= 328; P<.05) and business-related factors (r=.57; df= 328; P<.05) respectively were significantly correlated with entrepreneurship inclination of university graduates. The study recommends that graduates who are entrepreneurial driven should strive for proper assessment of risks and prioritizing them appropriately so as to ensure that resources are utilized profitably to tackle risks that are likely to emerge in infant business through provision of attractive packages and policies from insurance companies.


Recently, many kinds of malicious attacks on the Internet such as denial of service (DoS) attacks are increasing, and many unnecessary packets waste network resources. Network monitors to watch and filtering these unnecessary packets have been proposed. However, in the present network monitors implemented using several servers and monitoring software, it will be difficult to watch in real time and remove unnecessary packets at the very high-speed backbone network such as intercontinental one. One of the methods to realize a real time network monitor is an implementation by the hardware. Therefore, in this research, we propose a hardware architecture that detects IP flooding and SYN flood; these are kinds of DoS attacks. We design the hardware circuits in ASIC and FPGA. As the results of logic synthesis, we confirm that these detection circuits can work on the high-speed traffic such as more than 10 millions packets/sec.


Five 1,4-di-n-albenzene sulphonates have been prepared and their critical micelle concentrations have been determined at four different temperatures using spinning drop technique. Effects of the sulphonate chain length and the ionic strength of the solution on the critical micelle concentration have been examined. Surface properties and thermodynamic parameters of micellization have been discussed


Aguinis and Glavas (2013) provide a framework for understanding corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs and their outcomes. They suggest that embedding CSR within the strategy and everyday practices of an organization will help employees find meaning and purpose in their work. However, successfully implementing a large-scale organizational change—such as embedding CSR in all aspects of strategy and day-to-day business practices—brings many challenges. For example, in order for organizational change initiatives to succeed, organizational members must buy into the change, those at the top must drive the change, organizational members must be held accountable for implementing the change, and rewards should be tied to the behaviors that align with the change (Austin & Bartunek, 2003). In this article, we will expand upon Aguinis and Glavas to provide recommendations of how to uncover a shared purpose to inform CSR initiatives. Herein we provide recommendations for how to increase the likelihood of success when embedding CSR by first achieving the necessary understanding of what drives the organizational members' purpose and meaning before implementing the change.


all the poor were hopelessly imprudent; he was one of the first to suggest that a higher standard of living encouraged prudence. To contend that he held that nothing could be done to alleviate poverty is to set up something of a bogeyman. His central contention was admitted by nearly all his opponents. It is clearly a truth of first-rate social significance as -the workers of the West have at long last learned, and as the hungry generations of the Orient are now beginning to understand. Finally, it may well be doubted whether or not the often fierce contentions of the critics had much to do with the decline of Malthus' authority. If that were true, how would one account for his present revival? Far more important were the great technological advances, the vast increase in trade, the abundant food from America, and the obvious improvement in the conditions of the working class. Far from &dquo;the Malthusian minority&dquo; dwindling &dquo;into its present obscurity&dquo; (p. 174), it now stretches around the globe and finds in Malthus one of the major prophets of all time.


Industrial cluster creates innovative cluster-effect, brings about the advantage of regional innovation,which has been inspected and analyzed from various of perspectives by several overseas researchers.They also have presented some insightful viewpoints,which significantly influence our researches on the problems of enterprises' innovative organizations and regional innovation.


Citation: Chhablani J, Mathai A, Rani P, Gupta V, Arevalo JF, Kozak I. Comparison of conventional pattern and novel navigated panretinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:3432–3438. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-13936 PURPOSE. To compare the laser spot quality between the conventional slit lamp pattern laser (PASCAL) and the navigated pattern laser (NAVILAS) for panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).


Lygus besperus Knight, a common polyphagous insect pest of certain widely grown California crops,
 undergoes a seasonal facultative diapause. Experiments described here were conducted
 upon both field-collected and laboratory-raised L. besperus populations and have demonstrated the critical effects of photoperiod and temperature
 upon the inception, termination, nullification, and intensity of diapause in this
 species.


A theory of the effect of an ion rocket engine exhaust on the radiation pattern of a dipole antenna is presented. The electromagnetic equations are combined with those describing the exhaust plasma beam to calculate its equivalent effective dielectric constant. In part I of this paper, the beam is represented by an infinite slab of a homogenous plasma medium, as is usually considered in space charge neutralization studies of this type of engine. The equations of propagation of electromagnetic waves through the beam medium, are used to calculate the total dipole radiation field. The method of steepest descent is applied for the evaluation of the integrals. It is found that the dipole radiation pattern depends greatly on the beam characteristic parameters.


Abstract A thoroughbred foal developed painful swellings of the fetlocks that consisted of exostoses above and below the joints, and excess fluid in the joint capsules. Blood samples revealed a PCV of 24%, a Hb level of 7.5g/100ml, and a serum copper level of 0.1mg/l. Treatment with calcium copper edetate resulted in clinical improvement and recovery.


The idea of university is the rational knowledge and ideal-pursuing,the education idea or philosophy.The idea of university is later than the university,but it is obvious guidance for the development direction and goals of the university.Our university in rapid development process has been brilliant,but there are many aspects which does not adapt modern university idea.We should learn from the world first-class university's advanced idea to improve our university idea deficiency,to shape the idea of university of a new period,and to make new development of China university.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate and improve immune performance of Liaoning cashmere by sifting the optimum level of dietary manganese.60 healthy 2.5-year-old Liaoning cashmeres with similar body weight(34.16±0.90 kg) were used,and evenly divided into four groups at random.The cashmeres in each group were fed with basal diet and supplemented with manganese of 0,20,40,and 60 mg·kg-1 DM,respectively.Blood samples were taken to determine the contents of albumin(ALB),total protein(TP),immunoglobulin(IgA,IgG,IgM) and the activities of AST and ALT in the serum of Liaoning cashmere during non-pregnant period,1 month and 4 month of pregnancy.The results showed that,adding manganese had no effects on activities of ALT,AST and VFI,and could increase body weight.The serum contents of ALB in 20 mg·kg-1 DM manganese group were significantly higher than that in basal diet group,the serum contents of TP in 20 mg·kg-1 DM manganese group were significantly lower than that in the other three groups,the serum contents of IgM in supplementing manganese groups were significantly higher than that in basal diet group during non-pregnant period(P0.05),and the contents of TP,IgA,IgG in 40 mg·kg-1 DM manganese were significantly higher than that in basal diet group in 4 month of pregnancy(P0.05).It is concluded that dietary supplementation with manganese at 20 mg·kg-1 DM(dietary manganese level is 60 mg·kg-1 DM) during non-pregnant period and at 40 mg·kg-1 DM(dietary manganese level is 80 mg·kg-1 DM) during pregnant period can effectively improve immune performance of Liaoning cashmere.


Abstract : As a result of the unregulated rise of superfluous interoffice e-mail, employees currently must wade through inboxes glutted with needless information to find the tidbits of valuable data actually needed to perform their jobs. This problem, also known as e-mail overload, creates unnecessary stress, reduces workplace productivity, and fundamentally threatens the information superiority of both private and government enterprises. Organizations that try to combat e-mail overload by employing e-mail policies, filters, and personal e-mail management techniques often find that these initiatives miss the mark or do very little to reduce the dissemination of superfluous e-mail. This thesis aims to utilize systems thinking to provide a more complete evaluation of the pitfalls associated with the above-mentioned performance improvement initiatives, and also to demonstrate the central (but often overlooked) role that balancing feedback and metrics play in systems that have underlying goal-oriented behaviors. The thesis finally proposes an Information Glut Ratio (IGR) that can potentially provide an organization with a basic, tailorable process for measuring, stabilizing, and regulating the amount of superfluous information that gluts e-mail inboxes.


1. Psychiatric phenomena with respect to individual behavior under stress can be considered to lie along 4 main axes—the natural history of the process, reactions and factors at various stages of the process, and the psychodynamics of the interrelationships between reactions and factors in the continuum. 2. The natural history of individual behavior in acute community disasters that have been studied has been briefly described. This appears to fall into 3 overlapping phases—a period of impact, a period of recoil, and a posttraumatic period—each of which can be characterized according to stress, time, and psychological phenomena. 3. The relevance of the natural history method for this particular investigation and for psychiatric research in general has been briefly discussed.


(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)Critical inquiries are not settled by consulting the oracle.- Wimsatt and Beardsley1IntroductionIn 2007, Korea Today, a multilingual North Korean magazine available on the official Naenara (My Country) web portal, published in the course of January to May a short story in English titled 'First Meeting' by Kim Hye-yong (Kim Hye Yong).2 No information about the author or the work was provided nor any explanation as to what criteria merited world exposure of the 6,755-word narrative to a global audience in the international lingua franca. By the nature of the allegorical-political storytelling style, culturally specific expressions, and nationally peculiar ideological-rhetorical form, it is apparent this is a work that was not originally written for readers outside North Korea. As with other short stories printed in Korea Today, 'First Meeting' is a case of symbolic and tendentious fiction that could be readily dismissed as affected, moralising, and laughable garbage by one unacquainted with North Korean social-political culture and the national literature. But even such an acquaintance does not guarantee the short story will be seen as anything other than insipid and insufferable propaganda (a medium for ideological policy dissemination) and artistically dubious. Indeed, the problem here really is one of a normative orientation to the North Korean literary text-object and an unwillingness to perceive what more the text is capable of self-disclosing in the act of reading. Notwithstanding its service as a medium for official party-state policy, 'First Meeting' represents an interesting case for literary-critical inquiry, as the work consists in the main of two structurally competing narratives. Intentionally, it is an exhortative narrative about affectionately embracing the authority of the Workers' Party of Korea and the Korean People's Army in the military-first (songun) era, initiated in 1998. Incidentally, it is an unstable narrative with elements that run counter to the authority, in the voices of its portrayed narrative figures, set in a fictional North Korea around 2000 to 2006.One must pause for a moment and consider the significance of saying the North Korean short story in question is 'portraying' (vs. reflecting) 'narrative figures' (vs. persons) in a 'fictional North Korea around 2000 to 2006'(vs. in North Korea around 2000 to 2006). In spite of the temptation to state that the incidental narrative involves a reflection of certain persons or groups in contemporary North Korea, such a claim is, strictly, an association, an extrapolation, or a presumption.3 Probably, the portrayals have sociological equivalents, as this author suspects; however, a probability (a likelihood) is not a certainty.4 Moreover, insofar as one is doing literary criticism, not sociological criticism, it would be a methodological error to presume that anything literary simply reflects (throws back) social reality; for literature does not mirror bare facts of social life.5 Instead, literatures gives one semantic correlations of images (artistic-intuitive representations) and/or symbols (allegoric-discursive propositions) that abstract, accentuate, displace, generalise, interpret, and rearrange selected life material, which create in consciousness an aesthetic sense of reality to greater or lesser degrees.6 While all literature takes its material from four-dimensional reality, literature is not reality.7 Contrivance is not existence.8 With the critical principle that 'First Meeting' is fundamentally a contrivance (an artificial, human-crafted, construction), a counterintuitive reading reveals that the artificial literary object discloses figural interactions in its incidental narrative that are discordant with the intentional narrative - that defy the apparent regime of intentions the work is meant to propagate.9 The significance of these discordances may say something about real people and real life in the real North Korea, but that 'may' demands concrete sociological proof and a different kind of literary investigation than this inquiry is designed to undertake. …


Theorem. Let G be the wreathed product of a Frobenius group F21 of order 21 with a cyclic group Z2 of order 2. Suppose that G acts as an automorphism group on a symmetric design with parameters (189, 48, 12). Then there exists (up to isomorphism) exactly one such design D which is self-dual. The full automorphism group of D is our group G of order 882 and acts in three orbits of lengths 21, 21, and 147 for points and blocks. The group G has three conjugacy classes of subgroups of order 7. The elements of order 7 in one class act fixed-point-free and in the other two classes have exactly 7 fixed points each. The group G has three conjugacy classes of subgroups of order 3. The elements of order 3 in one class act fixed-point-free and in the other two classes have exactly 3 and 6 fixed points, respectively. An involution in G has exactly 29 fixed points. The 2-rank of D is 63.


The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin D on betatrophin and apoptosis in rats kidney tissue using an experimental diabetes model created with streptozotocin (STZ). 41 male Wistar-albino breed rats were assigned to 5 groups, which included 3 groups consisting of 7 animals each and 2 groups consisting of 10 animals each. The control group received no treatments. Single-dose 0.1 M sodium buffer was administered ip to the Buffer group. The Vitamin D group was orally administered 200 IU/day vitamin D. The Diabetes group was injected ip with single-dose 50 mg/kg STZ by dissolving the material in 0.1 M sodium buffer. Subjects with a glucose level exceeding 250 mg/dl were accepted to be diabetic. The Diabetes + Vitamin D group was injected ip with 50 mg/kg single-dose STZ by dissolving the material in 0.1 M sodium buffer. Once diabetes was established, 200 IU/day vitamin D was administered orally. Rats in all groups were decapitated in the end of the experiment, their kidney tissues were promptly extracted and TUNEL stained with immunohistochemistry. Additionally, serum samples acquired from all groups were evaluated with regard to total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels. The histological and biochemical analyses of the Control, Buffer, and Vitamin D groups revealed similar serum TOS and TAS levels, and TUNEL positivity and betatrophin immunoreactivity. While the Diabetes group showed significantly higher TOS levels and TUNEL positivity compared to the Control group, their TAS levels and betatrophin immunoreactivity were significantly reduced. The Diabetes+Vitamin group demonstrated significantly lower TOS levels and TUNEL positivity compared to the Diabetic group, and their TAS levels and betatrophin immunoreactivity increased significantly. In conclusion; experimental diabetes was found to increase TOS and apoptotic cells and decrease TAS and betatrophin levels in kidney tissue in experimental diabetes, and that administering VitD as treatment caused a decrease in TOS and apoptotic cells and an increase in TAS and betatrophin levels. It was concluded that future studies needed to investigate various experimental diabetes times so that the role of diabetes in the pathophysiology of its effect on kidney tissue could be uncovered. (www.actabiomedica.it)


Wind energy, being among the most popular sustainable energy, is promising to exploit for solving the lack of global energy. The tower part of a wind turbine, which acts as the important loading bearing components, is inevitable to suffer from a variety of natural disasters such as strong winds and occasional earthquakes, resulting in harmful vibrations and the shortening of their life cycles. Based on the finite element (FE) formulation, a customized model of wind turbine, which allows to simulate the behavior of a tuned mass damper (TMD), is derived and included into the self-developed toolbox of finite element analysis (TFEA). Then, a wind turbine tower modeled in TFEA is taken for a case study. From the time-domain analysis, it has been verified that the response of the wind turbine can effectively be reduced when equipped with the traditional TMD.


A nonwoven abrasive article includes a lofty open nonwoven fiber web comprising entangled fibers; and abrasive platelets secured to the entangled fibers by at least one binder material. A majority of the abrasive platelets are respectively bonded in an edge-wise manner to at least one of the entangled fibers. Methods of making the nonwoven abrasive article and converted forms, including a convolute abrasive wheel, are also disclosed.


8550 Background: MGUS patients have increased rates of bone resorption with a higher prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis than in the normal population. These pts also have an increased risk of fr...


Abstract: This chapter discusses the nuclear operational, nuclear decommissioning and associated radioactive waste activities being undertaken at the eight nuclear sites in Scotland. The Scottish government radioactive waste policies governing the sites are explained and put into context with those of the rest of the UK. The history, current activities being undertaken, and the anticipated future programmes are described for each site. The scales of the programmes are illustrated by giving summary data of the volumes of radioactive waste involved and the timescales over which it is to be managed. Brief mention is made of radioactive waste associated with the non-nuclear industry.


In order to ensure the security and durability of the isolation system in the design process,stress analysis of the basement cantilever column of isolation system through the establishment of FEM model is put out,which guarantees the stress of column to optimize the design.The solid model of the basement cantilever column is built up using the finite element software.The result shows that: the stress of the cantilever column varies much when taking into considering P—Δ effects.If the P—Δ effects is taken into account,the normal stress and the principal stress of the section increase obviously,and major tensile stress of several joints appears.


Submitted for the MAR16 Meeting of The American Physical Society Exponential Orthogonality Catastrophe in Single-Particle and Many-Body Localized Systems1 DONG-LING DENG, J. H. PIXLEY, XIAOPENG LI, Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland — We investigate the statistical orthogonality catastrophe (StOC) in single-particle and many-body localized systems by studying the response of the many-body ground state to a local quench. Using scaling arguments and exact numerical calculations, we establish that the StOC gives rise to a wave function overlap between the preand post-quench ground states that has an exponential decay with the system size, in sharp contrast to the well-known power law Anderson orthogonality catastrophe in metallic systems. This exponential decay arises from a statistical charge transfer process where a particle can be effectively "transported" to an arbitrary lattice site. We show that in a many-body localized phase, this non-local transport and the associated exponential StOC phenomenon persist in the presence of interactions. We study the possible experimental consequences of the exponential StOC on the Loschmidt echo and spectral function, establishing that this phenomenon might be observable in cold atomic experiments through Ramsey interference and radio-frequency spectroscopy. 1We thank S.-T. Wang, Z.-X. Gong, Y.-L. Wu, J. D. Sau, and Z. Ovadyahu for discussions. This work is supported by LPS-MPO-CMTC, JQI-NSF-PFC, and AROAtomtronics-MURI. The authors acknowledge the University of Maryland supercomputing resources. Dong-Ling Deng Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland Date submitted: 24 Nov 2015 Electronic form version 1.4


Let PrI(R) be the proportion of idempotents in a ring R, and suppose p is an odd prime. We find all values of PrI(R) ∈ [1/p, 1] when R is a (finite) p-ring, and all values of PrI(R) ∈ [1/3, 1] when R is a ring of odd order. Additionally, we characterize all the possible isomorphism types of R with PrI(R) > 1/p. Rings can be replaced by the larger class of possibly nonassociative rings R without affecting the sets of values of PrI(R) > 1/p that occur; in this case, we characterize all possible Jordan isomorphism types of R.


We propose an insertion force sensor with piezoresistors fabricated by sidewall-doping with rapid thermal diffusion. The sensor consists of a main body, to which a pointed tip is installed, and supporting beams whose sidewalls are made piezoresistive. When an insertion force is applied to the tip and the silicon structure deforms, the change of the strain distribution condition on the piezoresistive sidewall varies the electrical resistance of the sensor, which is in turn transduced into output voltage signal via an outside circuitry. The beams are 250 µ m in length, 20 µ m in thickness, 8 µ m in width. By etching an appropriate pattern onto the wafer, additional exposed surfaces for doping can be created where vertical dope-sites are needed. With rapid thermal diffusion, we are able to fabricate dope-sites which are perpendicular to the surface of the wafer. Fabricated piezoresistive sensor has 20 pairs of supporting beams. The spring constant is 2500 N/m. The electrical resistance is 1.6 kΩ. The displacement sensitivity is 1.03 % per µ m. This displacement sensitivity on the insertion direction is as high as that on the vertical direction of reported sensors, which means that our proposal is an effective doping method for sidewall.


Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) radiation causes the dissociation of organic σ bonds such as the C−C and the C−H bonds in polyolefins. The radicals formed in this process were investigated by trapping with nitric oxide. PE, PP, and PS were irradiated in ultrahigh vacuum with the MgF2-filtered radiation of a hydrogen plasma. After an irradiation period of 1 h and an immediate radical trapping, PE, PP, and PS incorporate 1.4, 0.4, and 0.2 atom % nitrogen, respectively, measured by XPS. These nitrogen concentrations correspond to 5.4 × 1020, 1.4 × 1020, and 0.8 × 1020 spins/cm3, respectively. By the fitting of the XPS-N1s peaks, detailed information about the nitrogen functional groups and about the original radical types was obtained.


[Objective]To understand hygienic status in public places of hotel industry in Laoshan district of Qingdao city,so as to enhance supervision and inspection.[Methods]Supervision data on 178 hotels from 2008 to 2011 in Laoshan district were analyzed.[Results]A total of 3085 samples were tested from 2008 to 2011,2882 of them were up to the standard.The qualified rate was 93.42%.It was 88.04%,91.87%,96.01%,96.89% in 2008,2009,2010 and 2011 respectively(P0.01).The qualified rate for high class,middle class and low class hotels were 95.65%,93.37% and 89.85% respectively(P0.01).The qualified rate for total air germ,IP,CO,CO2 public goods,noise and illumination was 87.03%,92.97%,87.5%,96.49%,98.22%,87.24%,and 95.41%.[Conclusion]The general sanitation situation of the hotels in Laoshan district is good,but the qualified rate for total air germ and noise is lower.


Objective:To explore the causes and coping strategies for empty follicle syndrome(EFS) in vitro fertilization(IVF) cycles.Methods:The clinical data of 3 patients with EFS were analyzed,and the literature was reviewed.Results:The cycles in 2 patients were cancelled due to of EFS; in the succedent cycles,EFS did not occur,but the outcome was not satisfactory;one of them got only 1 embryo(Ⅲ grade) due to descend of ovary reserve function,and the other got 14 oocytes including 11 GⅤoocytes in two cycles.The third patient had EFS at one side ovary,and a second dose of hCG was injected and a second retrieval was scheduled after 24 hours;some follicles had ruptured before the second retrieval,2 oocytes were retrieved and 2 embryos were obtained; transplantation was cancelled due to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.Conclusions:EFS may be associated with hCG drug and ovarian dysfunction.Rescue by injecting hCG is effective,but more emphasis should be put on prevention and individual measures.


Interferons have been shown to exert antiviral, cell growth regulatory, and immunomodulatory effects on target cells (16, 37). Both type I (α and β) and type II (γ) interferons regulate cellular activities by specifically inducing the expression or activation of endogenous proteins that perform distinct biological functions. The HIN-200 (hematopoietic interferon-inducible nuclear proteins with a 200-amino-acid repeat) gene family found on human and mouse chromosome 1 is positively regulated by type I and II interferons (15, 27, 30). The HIN-200 family of proteins consists of a number of highly homologous human and murine proteins with similar primary amino acid sequences and biological characteristics. The human HIN-200 family members include IFI 16 (39), the myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) (2, 18), and AIM-2 (absent in melanoma) (17), while the mouse HIN-200 family members include p202 (3), p203 (20), p204 (3), and D3 (38). There are a number of reviews that elegantly outline the biochemical characteristics of these proteins and their patterns of expression (15, 27, 30). Recently, there have been a number of reports examining possible cellular functions of HIN-200 proteins. It is now clear that these proteins play a role in modulating cell growth and perhaps in vivo differentiation, and the newest member of the HIN-200 family, AIM-2, has been identified as a possible tumor suppressor protein. Some family members are transcriptional regulators, acting either directly by binding DNA at a promoter or indirectly by modulating the function of other cellular transcription factors. Clearly, there is much still to learn about the biological functions of these proteins and how significant a role they play during an interferon response. While it is clear that the human and mouse family members share many biochemical and structural characteristics, it is unclear which, if any, of the currently identified murine HIN-200 proteins are functional homologs of the different human HIN-200 family members. This review will briefly cover the structural and biochemical properties of HIN-200 proteins but will concentrate on the molecular and biological functions of these molecules.


Isotope hydrograph separation is a powerful tool to investigate catchment functioning. In most hydrograph separation studies, a pre‐event baseflow sample is used to represent the pre‐event water, and thus, baseflow is assumed to be a mixture of all the water that is stored in the catchment. However, baseflow may not be representative of all water stored in the catchment because some sources may not contribute to baseflow. This is problematic when the isotopic composition of the sources is highly variable. We quantified the effects of spatial variability in the shallow groundwater isotopic composition on pre‐event water characterization and hydrograph separation results. We compared the composition of groundwater sampled at 38 wells in a 0.2 km2 pre‐alpine catchment with stream water sampled before, during, and after three rainfall events. We estimated the number of groundwater samples needed to characterize the average groundwater composition in the catchment and its spatial variability and compared the results of two‐component hydrograph separations for different ways to characterize the pre‐event water. We found that differences in the calculated pre‐event water fractions and uncertainties were large and depended on which and how many samples were used to characterize the pre‐event water composition. Analyses based on a limited number of groundwater samples likely underestimate the real uncertainty and can give a false impression of accuracy. Our results highlight the importance of representing the variability in the pre‐event water composition when applying hydrograph separation analyses. We therefore recommend sampling pre‐event water at multiple locations or estimating the variability based on literature values.


The article includes the response to the controversial questions about the nature of environmental and natural resources law. The author consistently explains the dialectics of differentiation and integration of the elements of environmental (ecological) and natural resources legal relations, which are characterized by economic and legal nature. According to the author's conception, the main purpose of natural resources relations is extracting the income from using the natural object as a source of natural resources. The goals and objectives of environmental (ecological) law are the following: preservation, improvement, restoration of a natural object by setting standard fee rates for these purposes. These contradicting public interests require the regulatedness and order. These industries are separate branches in the system of Russian law, and they submit to the philosophic law of unity and struggle of opposites.


ments can be explained in large part by different authoritarian legacies, which produced strong party-union linkages in Taiwan and a lack of such linkages in Korea. Lee hammers home the importance of partisan politics throughout the book, but I ended up wanting to balance her political account with other important elements not discussed in the book, including the impact of global economic forces, the particularities of domestic economic structure, and cultural factors, including status issues, which may have shaped interests, perceptions, and strategies of state, party, and union actors in Korea and Taiwan as much as party politics. Authoritarian legacies and resulting party patronage systems are certainly important in shaping post-authoritarian labor politics, as Lee shows, but the question is to what degree they determined the strength of the partnership between major parties and union movements. In addition to various institutional factors, Lee's explanation of Korean parties' failure to adopt labor's cause centers on the power of regionalism, which prevented workers from engaging in class voting behavior. Here a more extensive discussion of the political and social context that helped marginalize the class issue in electoral politics might have been helpful. In the same vein, a discussion of structural factors, including the nature and intensity of the neoliberal constraints each country has faced, might have enhanced the power of the author's political explanation. The weakest part of the book is the historical account of the Korean labor movement offered in the early chapters, which tends to flatten a rich and dynamic history into a rather simple notion of exclusion and repression. The exclusionary politics of the 1970s and 1980s is applied to the whole span of the post-Korean War period, and interesting similarities between the incorporation-oriented Guomindang control strategy the author describes and the Rhee era (1948–60), and, to a lesser extent, Park Chung Hee-era labor policies, are left unexplored. Park Chung Hee's labor control policy and party and mobilization politics evolved in more complicated ways than the author's narration does justice to, as recent studies of Korean labor history have shown. Overall, however, the book serves as a good primer on the labor and democratic politics of Korea and Taiwan and makes a valuable contribution to Asian area studies, as well as the studies of labor and democracy in general.


Example discloses a method of controlling peripheral social, terminals, equipment and systems of the present invention, wherein the social peripheral control method comprising: when the terminal receives a new social social message, the control device sends out information about a social message, so that the external control device information about in accordance with a social message sent social message alerts to a user; social terminal receives external control device sends a message play information, message playback information external control device input according to a user via a physical control keys provided on the external control device play command generated message; social play information terminal according to a message sent by a social message outwardly control voice information, so that the external control device to play a voice message to the user social information. According to the present invention, it can be achieved by external control device prompts the user social application status, allowing users driving, walking can be easily manipulated in the social communication terminal.


In recent years, hair transplant surgeons have placed emphasis on refining the frontal hairline with minigrafts and micrografts in order to achieve a totally natural appearance. Minigrafts and micrografts can be used in areas other than the frontal hairline with excellent results. This article describes the newest techniques for harvesting and transplanting micrografts.


The velocity data of natural turbulence flow in rivers and lakes is significant to water environment and ecology research. We carried out research on the vertical velocity distribution test using ADCP( Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) on ship-borne floating platform. According to field measurement data under different flow conditions,we analysed the reliability of ADCP data received on ship-borne floating platform,and compared the vertical velocity distribution data under pulse coherent measurement mode and pulse incoherent measurement mode. The result indicates that vertical velocity distribution measurement using ADCP on ship-borne floating platform is feasible.In shallow water,the pulse coherent mode is recommended because it can notably improve measurement accuracy and resolution.


There is growing interest in using indigenous knowledge to supplement scientific early warning systems within disaster risk reduction. In October 2016, the government in Baringo County, Kenya incorporated indigenous knowledge in a drought scenario building and response-planning workshop. Specifically, three indigenous forecasters provided weather forecasts using star movements and goat intestines. The aim of this study was to understand how indigenous knowledge was incorporated into the local government's early warning system. Further to this, the following aspects of the case study were investigated: indigenous knowledge characteristics, incorporation process, driving factors, impact to the government and indigenous forecaster interface, and future scenarios. This qualitative study was primarily based on interviews with thirty-five informants including indigenous forecasters, and government, NGO and research representatives. The results revealed a stark contrast between indigenous and scientific knowledge in forecasts, forecasters and recognition. The indigenous forecasters were engaged through a top-down participatory development programme, which combined the indigenous and scientific forecasts into one message for planning and dissemination. While there was strong evidence that the communities' acceptance of the early warnings improved with the consolidated message, it was not clear how much of an impact it had on the government's decision-making processes. While many informants were hopeful of increasing and even mainstreaming indigenous knowledge incorporation, some took a more conservative view that the role of indigenous forecasting might weaken with an increase in scientific forecast accuracy and communities' technical capacity. The study recommends the national and local government to conserve and promote indigenous forecast capacity with long-term community engagement, while addressing issues from incorporation activities. (Less)


Significant deviations of serum potassium and sodium levels are frequently observed in hospitalized patients and are both associated with increased all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. The presence of acute or chronic renal failure facilitates the pathogenesis and complicates the clinical management. In the absence of reliable outcome data in the context of dialysis prescription, requirement of renal replacement therapy in patients with severe electrolyte disturbances constitutes a therapeutic challenge. Recommendations for intradialytic management are based on pathophysiologic reasoning and clinical observations only, and as such, heterogeneous and limited to expert opinion level. This article reviews current strategies for the management of severe hyperkalemia and hyponatremia in hemodialysis patients.


Data-driven control can facilitate the rapid development of controllers, offering an alternative to conventional approaches. In order to maintain consistency between any known underlying physical laws and a data-driven decision-making process, preprocessing of raw data is necessary to account for measurement noise and any inconsistencies it may introduce. In this letter, we present a physics-based filter to achieve this and demonstrate its effectiveness through practical applications, using real-world datasets collected in a building on the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) campus. Two distinct use cases are explored: indoor temperature control and demand response bidding.


The contribution deals with problems of testing self - extinquish ability of prefabricated ferroconcrete slit drain canals and cleaning shafts, which will serve for linear drainage the surface of road in tunnel Branisko. The part of either types of this prefabricated elements, producing by Vahostav, a.s. company, is the kerb, which is used for elevated isolation the road from adjacent constructions. The cleaning shafts in addition contains submergible wall, prevent form spreading the fire by means of flammable liquids. By reason of processing a project of fire-fighting safety it was necessary to verify by experiment the self - extinquish ability of thereinbefore prefabricated elements.


In this paper we consider graph-coloring problems, an important subset of general constraint satisfaction problems that arise in wireless resource allocation. We constructively establish the existence of fully decentralized learning-based algorithms that are able to find a proper coloring even in the presence of strong sensing restrictions, in particular sensing asymmetry of the type encountered when hidden terminals are present. Our main analytic contribution is to establish sufficient conditions on the sensing behavior to ensure that the solvers find satisfying assignments with probability one. These conditions take the form of connectivity requirements on the induced sensing graph. These requirements are mild, and we demonstrate that they are commonly satisfied in wireless allocation tasks. We argue that our results are of considerable practical importance in view of the prevalence of both communication and sensing restrictions in wireless resource allocation problems. The class of algorithms analyzed here requires no message-passing whatsoever between wireless devices, and we show that they continue to perform well even when devices are only able to carry out constrained sensing of the surrounding radio environment.


Optimisation of fixture layout is critical to reduce geometric and form error of the workpiece during the machining process. In this paper the optimal placement of fixture elements (locator and clamp locations) under dynamic conditions is investigated using evolutionary techniques. The application of the newly developed particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm and widely used genetic algorithm (GA) is presented to minimise elastic deformation of the workpiece considering its dynamic response. To improve the performances of GA and PSO, an improved GA (IGA) obtained by basic GA (GA) with sharing and adaptive mutation and an improved PSO (IPSO) obtained by basic PSO (PSO) incorporated into adaptive mutation are developed. ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) of finite element analysis is employed to compute the objective function for a given fixture layout. Three layout optimisation cases derived from the high speed slot milling case are used to test the effectiveness of the GA, IGA, PSO and IPSO based approaches. The comparisons of computational results show that IPSO seems superior to GA, IGA and PSO approaches with respect to the trade-off between global optimisation capability and convergence speed for the presented type problems.


It is generally hypothesized that over evolutionary time island plant communities develop reduced herbivory defense traits in the absence of herbivores. However, few studies have actually measured differences in herbivory traits between island and mainland plant communities, and no studies have been done in the southern Channel Islands, California. I compared the herbivory defense traits (spinescence, leaf toughness, and cyanogenic glycosides) of plant communities on Santa Catalina Island with those in the Santa Ana Mountains. Additionally, I did a feeding preference test using goats to measure the palatability of plants from the two locations. I found that plants on Santa Catalina Island had lower levels of spinescence than the plants in the Santa Ana Mountains. Leaf puncture strength was also lower on Santa Catalina Island, while leaf mass per area was similar between the two sites. I observed no difference in cyanogenic glycoside concentrations between the two locations. During the feeding preference tests, goats preferred the plants from Santa Catalina Island over plants from the Santa Ana Mountains. Overall, the island plants had reduced herbivory defense traits, and were more preferred by goats. This phenomenon may be explained by a long historical absence of native mammalian herbivores, as well as several other factors associated with island climate.


The persistence of the xenoestrogenic compound 4‐nonylphenol in agricultural, noncultivated temperate, and Arctic soils was assessed in laboratory microcosm incubations. At 30°C, [ring‐U‐14C]4‐nonylphenol was rapidly mineralized without a lag in six soils tested. A sandy loam agricultural soil was chosen for more detailed study. The 4‐nonylphenol mineralization did not occur in autoclaved soil. The response of 4‐nonylphenol mineralization to variation in temperature and moisture content was consistent with an aerobic biological mechanism of degradation. Mineralization of [ring‐U‐14C]4‐nonylphenol was rapid in the concentration range of 1 to 250 mg/kg soil. Sludge solids did not inhibit 4‐nonylphenol mineralization, although sewage sludge at high concentrations was inhibitory, apparently because of high biological oxygen demand. Gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analyses of extracts prepared from soil incubated with commercial nonylphenol indicated that all detectable isomers were degraded. In summary, these results indicate that microorganisms that can metabolize 4‐nonylphenol are found in a wide variety of soils, including two originating from the Canadian Far North, which presumably have not been exposed anthropogenically to this chemical. We conclude that 4‐nonylphenol should be generally biodegradable in well‐aerated arable soils.


Checklist and geographical distribution of Coccinellidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) species occurring in Chile. An annotated checklist of Chilean Coccinellidae species is provided including synonymies, distribution records and taxonomic status. Some species must be deleted of the Chileans repertoire as indicated. Pseudosmilia Brethes is recognized as a junior synonym of Coccidophilus Brethes and Sarapidus Gordon of Parasidis Brethes. Curinus ruizi Brethes is transferred to Cyra Mulsant genus. The new name Scymnus (Pullus) helmutfurschi is proposed for Scymnus (Pullus) rubicundus Kapur. Hyperaspis puella Mulsant is a junior synonym of Hyperaspis funesta (Germain). 26 genera and 93 species are cited.


e-Business web sites employ dynamic web pages to deliver more appropriate contents to their users, based on their customization and personalization. Such page generation puts heavy load on the web server, due to script execution overheads, leading to increased response time. The overall response time is made up of two types of latencies, namely network latency and serverside latency. In this paper we address primarily the server-side latency. We have proposed an integrated approach, which reduces dynamic web page construction time by more than 60 when compared to recently proposed fragment caching technique, for input independent dynamic web pages. We have integrated prediction based dynamic web page pre-generation with fragment-caching, assuming that a user-profile based page prediction is available. As we show subsequently our novel integrated approach reduces dynamic web page construction time by achieving both eventual benefit through fragment-caching and immediate benefit through dynamic web page pre-generation. We have developed a detailed simulation model and have provided the experimental results that validate our claims.


Provided are a suction system and a treatment method with which it is possible to effectively remove objects flowing within a biological lumen and provide a stable procedure. A suction catheter (500) inserted within a blood vessel and used for suctioning a blood clot (301) within said blood vessel, said suction catheter (500) comprising a tubular base portion (503), and a tubular distal tube portion (505) that is located on the distal side of the base portion (503) and is inclined toward a prescribed direction (X) with respect to the center axis of the base portion (503), wherein the distal tube portion (505) includes, on the distal end portion thereof, a distal opening portion (506) that is inclined with respect to the center axis of the distal tube portion (505), and the distal opening portion (506) opens toward a direction opposite from the inclination direction (X) of the distal tube portion (505) with respect to the base portion (503).


Using fura‐2 and the manganese quenching technique, we show here that sarcolemmal permeability to cations (SP‐Ca) of slow‐twitch muscles is greater than that of fast‐twitch ones. This appears to be related to a higher expression and/or activity of stretch‐activated channels, whereas leak channel activities are similar. During hindlimb suspension (HU), we found highly correlated decreases in SPCa and resting calcium of soleus muscle toward values of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. This was significant as soon as 3 days of suspension, contrary to soleus muscle caffeine sensitivity and responsiveness that were not modified after this HU period. After 14 days of HU, SP‐Ca, resting calcium, and caffeine response of soleus muscle became similar to that normally observed in EDL muscle. These results demonstrate that the correlated decreases in SP‐Ca and resting calcium precede most functional changes due to HU. Given the known shortening of HU soleus muscle, we proposed that this could induce a decrease of SP‐Ca and a consequent reduction of resting calcium. According to the crucial role of resting cytosolic free calcium in the maintenance and the adaptation of muscle phenotype, our results suggest that slow‐to‐fast transition of HU soleus muscle is calcium dependent.


Abstract Objective To systematically review published studies of interventions to reduce people's intake of dietary trans-fatty acids (TFAs). Methods We searched online databases (CINAHL, the CRD Wider Public Health database, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid®, MEDLINE®, Science Citation Index and Scopus) for studies evaluating TFA interventions between 1986 and 2017. Absolute decrease in TFA consumption (g/day) was the main outcome measure. We excluded studies reporting only on the TFA content in food products without a link to intake. We included trials, observational studies, meta-analyses and modelling studies. We conducted a narrative synthesis to interpret the data, grouping studies on a continuum ranging from interventions targeting individuals to population-wide, structural changes. Results After screening 1084 candidate papers, we included 23 papers: 12 empirical and 11 modelling studies. Multiple interventions in Denmark achieved a reduction in TFA consumption from 4.5 g/day in 1976 to 1.5 g/day in 1995 and then virtual elimination after legislation banning TFAs in manufactured food in 2004. Elsewhere, regulations mandating reformulation of food reduced TFA content by about 2.4 g/day. Worksite interventions achieved reductions averaging 1.2 g/day. Food labelling and individual dietary counselling both showed reductions of around 0.8 g/day. Conclusion Multicomponent interventions including legislation to eliminate TFAs from food products were the most effective strategy. Reformulation of food products and other multicomponent interventions also achieved useful reductions in TFA intake. By contrast, interventions targeted at individuals consistently achieved smaller reductions. Future prevention strategies should consider this effectiveness hierarchy to achieve the largest reductions in TFA consumption.


The Whole–Part–Whole (WPW) Learning Model goes beyond the present holistic, behavioristic, wholepart, and part–whole learning models. The WPW Learning Model purports that there is a natural whole–part–whole rhythm to learning.

Through the "first Whole," the Model introduces new content to learners by forming in their minds the organizational framework required to effectively and efficiently absorb the forthcoming concepts into their repertoire of expertise. The supporting expertise and component behaviors are then developed in the classical behavioristic style of instruction found in the "Parts" aspect of the WPW Learning Model. After learners have successfully achieved the performance criteria for the individual "Parts," or components within the whole, the instructor links these parts together, thus forming the "second Whole." The whole–part–whole learning experience provides the learner with the complete understanding of the content at various levels of performance and allows for higher order development.

The WPW Learning Model can be considered systematic on several counts. One is that the model can be utilized from initial program design to real–time (just in time) instructional adjustments during a live presentation.


Botanical illustration - coloured - Delosperma patersoniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus. Dissected drawing of flower included. Drawn of collection made near the seashore, Eerste Rivier, Humansdorp Division by H.G. Fourcade (2368). [Locality description according to the corresponding Bolus Herbarium voucher].


vacancy-lengths of individual bishoprics does not reflect any pattern of conscious attempts by kings to manipulate unduly vacancies in the most wealthy sees. The author considers the knight-service incumbent on bishops as feudal tenants-in-chief of the crown as another factor quickening the pace of mensal division after the Conquest. The reader may find in a consideration of mensal division the means to observe many other aspects of life within the medieval English clerical church: property and the power that flows therefrom, the multilayered character of the bishopric with its prelate and cathedral clergy, the political and economic interplay of kingship (regnum) and priesthood (sacerdotium), and administrative or constitutional developments within the cathedral chapter itself. Crosby concludes the volume with a lengthy bibliography and index of names and places. Finally, this reviewer found one typographical error annoying, namely the author's (or his copy editor's) habitual practice of referring to the Deity as "god" ; what point is being made by the use of a lower case initial letter?


seconds (Figure 2). However, with the last two viscous swallows the pattern changed to pan-esophageal pressurizations (Figure 3). Overall, the mean IRP for 4 seconds was 9.354 mmHg (nor - mal: 15 mmHg), but after DES, the mean IRP increased to 10.344 mmHg, and after pan-esophageal pressurization, it increased to 13.25 mmHg. The pan-esophageal pressurization that occurred during the final swallow caused the highest IRP to be 14.1 mm of Hg. So as per Chicago classification v 4.0 a diagnosis of "Dis - tal Esophageal Spasm (DES)" was made and patient was put on calcium channel blockers with a repeat manometry planned after 6 months. However, there was no significant improvement in patients' symptoms, rather the ECKARDT score worsened over one-month time (7 from 6 over one month). After discus - sion with the patient, option of Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation was opted, and LES was dilated with the pneumatic balloon of 30 mm with a pressure of up to 8 PSI. Patients' symptoms im - proved with follow-up ECKARDT score of 1 after one month. Abstract Diffuse Esophageal Spasm (DES) and Achalasia have similar clini - cal and manometric traits. Though it might not happen often, certain reports seem to support the idea that DES can develop to achalasia. It is still difficult to determine the frequency of DES development to achalasia and the factors that influence this progression. An elderly man with dysphagia is the subject of a case study, and the manometry results showed a pattern shift from DES to Type II Achalasia. However, DES is still a difficult diagnosis to make from a clinical and manometric perspective.


This study was aimed to determine the effect of black seed (Nigella sativa Linn) extract on histopathologic of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) caecum infected by Escherichia coli. About 30 experimental female quail (day 37 old), were randomly select


According to the impact of climate changes and human activities on the flow regimes in the Yellow River,a distributed time-variant gain model(DTVGM) is developed.The large-scale DTVGM is a monthly water balance model and it is based on systems theory and physical mechanism.It can solve some hydrologic problems on predictions in ungauged basins(PUB).It has two sub-modules,natural runoff module and human activities module.


We report the case of a 25-day-old neonate posted for glossopexy. The child born at 35 weeks of gestation was diagnosed to have Pierre Robin sequence. The neonate was underweight (2.2 kg), had difficulty in feeding and had respiratory distress needing respiratory assistance and prone position to maintain saturation. Anticipating difficulty in intubation with respect to physiology, age and mismatch of equipment size, we planned retrograde intubation through a laryngeal mask airway with a 2.5 mm ID tube using a needle cricotracheotomy and a flexible-tipped paediatric urological guidewire. Based on our experience, we propose that neonatal difficult airway can be managed using the retrograde intubation technique.


The present invention relates to a silicone rubber foam and its manufacturing method and use, i.e., to the polyurethane foam was immersed in the silicone rubber is characterized by a solution of silicone rubber foam and its manufacturing method, and functional products manufactured by the silicone rubber foam. Silicone rubber foam of the invention has excellent breathability, elasticity and exhibit a variety of useful functions.


This paper extends the functionalities and reinforces the portability of a computer vision system and its IIoT platform development to perform the transplanting process of artichoke seedling and quality control accomplished by a cartesian robot. In first place, portability and security were improved by packing the IIoT system application responsible for processing images and detecting seedlings inside to a virtual machine Ubuntu 18.04 Desktop. Second, the functionalities of a software module that allows communication with the local server and an external server, was extended. The IIoT application was deployed on an external web server with the use of FRED service, thus achieving greater flexibility in terms of the location of the person in charge of monitoring the transplanting process and quality control. Finally, data of the transplanting process was acquired by the complete system thought a database connection and the average time for the transplanting process on two different days was obtained.


The methanol-to-olefin (MTO) process is important because it offers an alternative to the conventional oil route for the conversion of natural gas or coal to light olefins. The most promising catalysts for the MTO reaction are solid acids with a zeolite structure, where reactants and products such as ethylene and propylene may freely diffuse through active catalysts, but products with larger kinetic diameters are trapped within the cages. In this work, SAPO-34 molecular sieves were synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization, using triethylamine (TEA) as the template. These samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and N(2) adsorption-desorption. The effects of template concentration and crystallization time on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance were investigated. The crystallinity and morphology of SAPO-34 were influenced by the concentration of the template. Pure SAPO-34 was obtained when the TEA/Al(2)O(3) molar ratio was higher than 2.0. With increased crystallization time, the Si content in SAPO-34 crystals increased, which influenced the surface acidity. FT-IR spectra indicated that all samples were dominated by Lewis acid sites and the sample crystallized for 11 h exhibited the lowest number of Lewis acid sites. The catalytic performance of SAPO-34 was tested with the MTO reaction. High selectivity to olefins (C(2)H(4) + C(3)H(6)) was obtained over the catalyst synthesized with a TEA/Al(2)O(3) ratio of 3.0 and crystallization time of 11 h. At the reaction temperature of 450 degrees C, the methanol conversion approached 100% and the yield of C(2)-C(4) olefins was more than 80%. Hence, SAPO-34 molecular sieves were shown to be excellent catalysts for the MTO reaction. (C) 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study de scribes the palaeoichnology of the Malh±o Dune Field (Pleis to cene), the first re port of ver te brate tracksites from all the Ce no zoic from Por tu gal. At least 14 strati graphic ho ri zons with mam mal and bird foot prints and trackways oc cur, in clud ing those of el e phants. Con cave epirelief foot prints pro duced by el e phants show four feet with four toes im prints on each foot and heteropody in a nar row gauge. The pres ence of three pos si bly par al lel trackways points to gre gar i ous be hav ior of sub-adults/fe males of Elephas antiquus. The ichnospecies Proboscipeda panfamilia, found in the Malh±o and Pessegueiro sec tors, rep re sents pos si bly the first Pleis to cene el e phant trackways, and re cord one of the lat est oc cur rences of E. antiquus in Eu rope. The new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Leporidichnites malhaoi igen. et isp. nov., in ter preted as lagomorph tracks, are also de scribed.


Clustering of the nodes is one of the most prevalent approaches for increasing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by properly managing their energy consumption. In this paper a new algorithm named DNRC is proposed for the sensor nodes clustering. This method is based on neighborhood clusters formation and ranking the nodes within a cluster to select cluster heads. The performance of the proposed algorithm is checked and compared to other methods based on three conventional metrics and one new proposed metric of this paper.


University of North Carolina at Greensboro, School of Nursing,Greensboro, North CarolinaClinical supervision for many mental health practitionersis an essential part of a regular process that facilitates guidedreflection on day to day practice and the validation of decisionsmadeincomplexandchallengingclinicalsituations.Attheheartof its intent is the safety and well-being of the client and theirfamily. My focus though, at this time, is not so much directly onthe quality of care delivered to consumers but rather on the vitalrole clinical supervision should play in supporting the clinician.My sense is that the need for such support is greater than everbefore. In my contacts with mental health clinicians based inacute residential units, community based crisis response teams,andthoseinprivatepractice,itisincreasinglythecasethatintheface of diminishing resources and increased acuity of the clientpopulation served, practitioners experience much greater levelsof stress associated with high levels of individual responsibilityand accountability. Particularly in the community setting thereis often a greater degree of isolation from the immediate supportand feedback that close-knit clinical teams can provide. In suchcontexts consumer representatives, their families, and the widercommunitycontinuestoexpectconsistent,unwaveringexcellentservice. From their perspective such expectations are utterlyreasonable and worthy of fulfillment.The concern here is what all this might mean for the men-tal health practitioner. By its very nature, mental health caredelivered by nurses and other practitioners needs to respondeffectively to complex, difficult, personal, medical, social, andethical issues faced by patients, their families, and the wider


Barium titanate (BT) thin films have been prepared on Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrates through the use of a low temperature process. This technique combines the conventional sol-gel process and hydrothermal methods. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the BT thin films had a pure perovskite structure. Au∕BT∕Pt capacitors have been fabricated and the dielectric properties have been discussed for SGHT-prepared BT films treated at 180 and 500°C, respectively. It was found that the BT films annealed at 500°C had much better ferroelectric properties. This improvement of ferroelectric properties through a heat treatment is probably associated with the change of density of hydroxyl groups in the films.


Formation of corporate values in the modern organization is shown in article. The role of corporate social responsibility is considered. The main types of communications of corporate social responsibility are presented. The main components of social communications are in more detail considered. The principles for the most effective development of the modern organization are formulated.


A model has been built to link a shipboard electrical power system, and its consequent heat loads, with an in-house thermal simulation framework specifically created to address issues of shipboard thermal management in a dynamic, system-level sense. An electric power model was created to capture the transient nature of heat dissipation as a function of the dynamic nature of power converter modules in an electrical, power distribution network. The power network was then mated with a thermal resistive network that links the heat loads to the thermal management network. The resulting network is dynamic in nature and captures the essential transient characteristics of heat flow and energy storage while accommodating the greatly disparate time scales inherent to thermal and electrical networks.


Hadith has an important position as the source of the second law after the Qur'an. It is often found that some of the hadith texts appear to conflict with each other either with the text of the hadith itself or the Qur'an. A person especially a hadith and / or legal expert needs to have the ability to complete the texts of the hadith or the Qur'an which sometimes seem to conflict with one another. The hadith about the deceased was tortured because of the crying of his family, is one example of a hadith that is contrary to the word of God that one cannot bear the guilt of others. With the approach of matan criticism (ilmnaqdal-matan), it is obtained that if the text of the hadith contradicts the Qur'anic texts, then the texts because of their qath'i values must be prioritized. Meanwhile, if resolved using the science of mukhtalifal-hadīth, the conflict can be resolved through two ways, namely: First, through al-jam'u which is to compromise these two conflicting traditions, as practiced by Imam Bukhari who explained that the weeping that causes torture is a cry which is traditionalized and done with lamentation; Secondly, through superstitious means, namely maintaining textual understanding of hadith as understood by Umar and Ibn Umar and ignoring the history of Aisha's traditions, is that the deceased was tortured because of the crying of her family, or choosing the hadith as understood by Aisha by ignoring the understanding of Umar and Ibn Umar , as did the critics of Matan Hadith.


Abstract:  A cDNA that encodes a glutathione‐S‐transferase belonging to sigma class (GSTS1) from the silkworm, Bombyx mori was cloned by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed 66%, 48% and 41% identity to sigma‐class GSTs from Manduca sexta, Blattella germanica and Anopheles gambiae, respectively. The GSTS1 was also estimated to be close to those GSTs in a phylogenetic tree. GSTS1 mRNA was widely distributed in various tissues. The recombinant GST (rGSTS1) was functionally overexpressed in Escherichia coli in a soluble form, purified to homogeneity and characterized. The pH‐optimum of rGSTS1 was around pH 8. The rGSTS1 retained more than 75% of its original activity after incubation at pH 4–9. Incubation for 30 min at temperatures below 40°C did not affect its activity. rGSTS1 was able to catalyse the reaction of glutathione with 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene, the universal substrate for GST, as well as with 4‐hydroxynonenal, the product of lipid peroxidation.


Background: Although previous scientific studies have confirmed that vaccinations are safe and do not result in harm to students with and without disabilities, some parents of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) had concerns that vaccines might cause potential medical issues for their children. These concerns may have an impact on these parents' decision to vaccinate their students against COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to explore and understand the concerns of parents of students with ASD about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccination and to what extent these concerns can diminish the willingness of parents of students with ASD to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods: a qualitative design was adapted through a developed semi-structured interview. Participants included eight parents of students aged 12 years and over with ASD, who were enrolled in two male state-funded institutions that provide educational services to those with developmental disabilities, including ASD in Riyadh, SA. The study was conducted between 17th of September and the 15th of November 2022. Results: The results indicated that parents had several concerns regarding the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines. However, their concerns have not diminished their willingness to vaccinate their children. To increase parents' knowledge and relieve their concerns, several recommendations should be applied such as strict penalties being imposed on parents who refuse to have their children vaccinated, because they put their children in a risky position and the authorities in this matter and using the media to convince the community of the importance of the vaccine and the necessity of addressing it. Conclusion: The current study emphasized the need to provide more care and support for parents with children with disabilities. An urgent intervention should be provided for children with ASD because they are more likely to be at a higher risk of COVID-19 illness due to the increased prevalence of underlying health conditions, suboptimal vaccination rates, and systemic inequities. Keywords: COVID-19, vaccines, autism, Saudi Arabia