Abstract — The first experience of using the differential spectroscopy technique DOAS for retrieving the total ozone content (TOC) from measurements of the ground-based UV spectrometer UFOS is considered. Examples of spectra recorded by UFOS and similar spectral instruments are presented. Test calculations of TOC with the use of DOAS are performed based on the UFOS measurements for several days at the Voeikovo station. The resulting TOC values are compared with independent ground-based and satellite measurements. The TOC calculations systematically differ from independent data, which can apparently be eliminated by means of a more accurate adjustment of the DOAS algorithm to the problem conditions and UFOS parameters.


IN 1966 the College and University Archives Committee of the Society of American Archivists undertook the first comprehensive survey of colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The purpose was to ascertain, first, if an institutional archives existed, and, second, something about the nature and scope of the operation. In previous years there had been surveys of archival developments of segments of the higher education community. These studies had produced much useful information, but they did not encompass all institutions of higher learning in the United States and Canada. The 1966 survey was able with but very few exceptions to reach every accredited college and university in the two countries. In all, 46 institutions in Canada and 1,156 in the United States were surveyed. To carry out the work required the efforts of a small platoon of 44 volunteers. The data were obtained by means of a questionnaire, which though far from perfect was simple enough to encourage wide response and provided a considerable amount of significant information. The questionnaire elicited a wide variety of responses, some irritating, some humorous, nearly all useful. One miniscule college in Pennsylvania returned the unfilled questionnaire with a polite but haughty letter stating that because so many questionnaires had been received it had adopted the policy of answering none of them. One of the volunteers received a caustic letter from the archivist of one of the wealthiest institutions in the country complaining of the lack of a stamped return envelope. In another instance the chairman of the committee had to cool the ire of the president of a rather prestigious institution who was quite angry over what he felt was a misinterpretation of the data supplied by his institution. These were the exceptions, however. The general response was friendly, conscientious, and sincere. The data supplied give us the rough outlines of the state of the archival profession within colleges and universities. Of the institutions contacted, one in Canada and 320 in the United States did not respond to the questionnaire. Undoubtedly the principal reason for the failure of most of these institutions to reply was the fact that they had nothing


The article explores little known facts connected with the peculiarities of currency in the Kuban region during the Civil War in Russia. The author proves that currency manipulations were the basic means of providing financial resources for the Kuban regional government in 1918-1920.


In this paper, we prove that the inner complex interpolation of two quasi-Banach lattices coincides with the closure of their intersection in their Calder\'on product. This generalizes a classical result by Shestakov in 1974 for Banach lattices.


A new one-sided joining method, friction stirring blind riveting (FSBR) was successfully implemented to form lap-shear joints for dissimilar metals from pairs of 3.05 mm thick cast Mg AM60, rolled 1.5 mm thick Al AA6022, and extruded 3.15 mm thick Al AA6082 specimens. The concept of this process is riveting the two workpieces with reduced force under frictional heat and fastening the workpieces through blind riveting once the rivet is fully inserted. In this research, the process was experimentally analyzed and optimized for four joint combinations. It was demonstrated that switching the positions of Mg and Al alloy specimens has a significant effect on the process window and maximum tensile load of the joints. Three quality issues of the FSBR joints were observed and discussed. During tensile testing, the sheet closer to the rivet tail work-hardens due to tail forming process but has worse loading condition than the sheet closer to the rivet head. For AA6xxx sheets, precipitate hardening due to frictional heat is another strengthening mechanism in FSBR compared to the conventional riveting process, which leads to higher tensile loads in FSBR joints.


This paper presents a simple equilibrium model in which collateralized credit emerges endogenously. Just like in repos, individuals cannot commit to the use of collateral as a guarantee of repayment, and both lenders and borrowers have incentives to renege. Our theory provides a micro-foundation to justify the borrowing constraints that are widely used in the existing macroeconomic models. We provide an explanation to the question of why assets are often used as collateral, rather than simply as a means of payment, why there is a tradeoff in assets between return and liquidity, and what kinds of assets are useful as collateral.


Modelling the dynamics of activity-travel behavior constitutes the next challenge on the international research agenda. Long-term dynamics relate to changes in opportunities or constraints, such as residential and job choice, while short-term decisions relate to day-to-day experiences. Due to a bottom-up process, a constant series of negative experiences may trigger people to conduct long-term changes. The aim of the current study is to model the bottom-up process of influence into an agent-based simulation system of dynamic activity-travel behavior. This paper will discuss the conceptual framework underlying the model, as well as the results of numerical simulations. Specifically, the dynamic evolution of the choice-set that each agent generates for every activity type, at every time step will be simulated. Furthermore, the variation of the aspiration values that the agents hold for every activity type will be indicated. Finally, examples of short-term and long-term dynamics in agents' activity-travel behavior will be illustrated.


Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a disease of the elderly and due to the aging population an increasing number of patients are diagnosed at the age ≥80 year. The management of these octogenarians is challenging due to their frailty as a result of co-morbidities and of age-related deterioration of organ function (lung, renal, cardiac). Indeed, age ≥80 year alone is a sufficient parameter to define frailty, according to IMWG recommendations. Thus, most octogenarians are not eligible and are not recruited in clinical trials. The aim of our study was to analyze the disease characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients ≥80 years of age. All patients with symptomatic MM since 1994, who received at least one dose of any therapy and were followed in our center (University of Athens, Greece) were included in the analysis. Among 610 consecutive patients, 84 (14%) were ≥80 years of age. During these 20 years, there was a steady increase in the proportion of patients ≥80 years who were treated for MM (10% during the 1994-1999 period, 12% during 2000-2005, 14% during 2006-2010 and 16% after 2011). Compared to patients ≤65 years and those 66-79 years, octogenarians had more often moderate or severe renal impairment (p Patients ≤65 years received more often bortezomib-based regimens upfront (61% vs 15% vs 11% respectively, p The median overall survival (OS) was 66% at 5 years for patients ≤65 years, 46 months for those 66-79 years and only 19.5 months for octogenarians (p In conclusion, myeloma patients ≥80 years present with poor prognostic features, which are probably related to non-MM related conditions, since high risk MM features (such as adverse cytogenetics) are less common. The management of octogenarians should take into account not only myeloma but also their general condition. A comprehensive geriatric assessment should routinely be performed in these patients, in order to identify those most vulnerable and those most likely to tolerate and benefit from novel therapies. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The first article in this series looked at the value of research in nursing. This second article explains what nursing research is, and provides a list of steps to carry out research. There is, unfortunately, a great deal of anxiety associated with the word 'research', for many nurses. Over recent years, government and trust managers have placed more and more emphasis on developing a research culture in nursing. The anxiety is caused mainly by a general lack of understanding about the subject. Also, frankly, there can be at times a feeling of exclusivity for research that is cultivated by some academics and researchers. Research, as outlined in part one of this series (Bassett & Bassett 2003), however, is something that we all need to incorporate into our practice.


Trace element levels in the otoliths of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta were examined by means of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). A close linear relationship in the Sr/Ca ratios between X-ray analysis with an electron microprobe (EPMA) and LA-ICPMS analysis was found, suggesting that the latter technique could be used to distinguish the marine and freshwater life phases. Mg, Zn, Ba and Sr concentrations of the otoliths differed between the freshwater and seawater growth zones. Mg and Zn concentrations in the freshwater growth zone were significantly higher than those in the seawater growth zone, while Sr and Ba concentration s in the former were significantly lower than in the latter. The relationship between Sr concentration and Mg, Zn, and Ba concentrations at each ablation showed significant correlations. These results suggest that trace element compositions may reflect differences between freshwater and seawater environmental conditions.


Here is a woman's Iacocca, the story of a smart, likable, can-do woman who proved that entrepreneurship knows no gender. In 1971 Sandy Kurtzig was a 24-year-old working wife, looking for a job she could at home. From tracking the paper routes of 1200 children for a newspaper, she made ASK Computer Systems one of America's fastest growing companies. A classic American success story.


The study on seasonal incidence of fall armyworm was carried out during kharif, 2019 at Agricultural college farm, Bapatla.  The oviposition of fall armyworm was observed from 34th SMW (Standard Meterological Week) and reached its peak during 40th SMW (0.03 egg masses plant-1). The larval population of fall armyworm was commenced during 35th SMW and increased gradually to a peak of 1.67 larvae plant-1 during 41st SMW. The maximum plant infestation (60.00%) and leaf damage severity rating (3.13) of fall armyworm was observed during 41st SMW. The peak activity of natural enemies was observed during 41st SMW which coincides with the larval population of fall armyworm. The correlation analysis indicated that eggmasses of fall armyworm was positively correlated with minimum temperature(r= 0.668) and wind speed (r= 0.529) while, the larval population showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r= 0.029). The plant infestation caused by fall armyworm had shown significant negative correlation with maximum temperature (r= -0.633) and positive correlation with morning relative humidity (r= 0.678) and evening relative humidity (r= 0.664) whereas, the leaf damage severity rating exhibited significant positive correlation with evening relative humidity (r= 0.691). The multiple regression analysis revealed that the influence of weather parameters on the incidence of fall armyworm and natural enemies in sorghum ecosystem was more than 65% and 40%, respectively.


In October of 2000 more than 30 researchers, policymakers, practitioners, school leaders, and other specialists in the field of fathers and families gathered to convene the National Center on Fathers and Families (NCOFF) Roundtable on Fathering and Family Processes. Themes emerging from the roundtable discussion included: refining concepts of fatherhood and paternal involvement; a shift of focus to family processes; and incorporating cultural specificity into research, policy, and practice. This report synthesizes the discussion of these themes and their implications for policymaking. The first section of the paper includes summaries of the research papers presented, as well as discussants' and participants' commentaries. The second section describes the current and emerging issues relating to father poverty and social vulnerability that arose during the discussions; these issues include extending notions of family goals and culture, understanding gender roles and power dynamics, and incorporating culture, class, and race. The third section offers new directions for research, including relating research directly to policy and practice, and studying perceptions as outcomes, not just inputs. The fourth section explores the implications of the issues raised for policymaking. The final section describes lessons learned for educators, practitioners, and program designers. The report concludes with the Roundtable agenda and participant


A 52-year-old man presented with a 3-day history of left shoulder-tip pain and shortness of breath, in the background of abdominal pain for 3 weeks. The patient had been admitted 4 months previously following a fall onto his left posterior chest wall, when he sustained a left-sided pneumothorax and fractures of the left 6th, 7th and 8th ribs posteriorly. At that time a computed tomography scan showed a left-sided pneumothorax with associated basal atelectasis and consolidation. On this, the second admission, initial observations were stable, apart from a mild tachypnoea. Abdominal examination was normal, but respiratory auscultation revealed bowel sounds in the left hemithorax. The chest radiograph showed a new left-sided pneumothorax and large bowel in the left chest (Figure 1). Abdominal radiography confirmed this, with some mildly dilated loops of bowel. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a left diaphragmatic rupture with associated intra-thoracic incarcerated large bowel, a left hydropneumothorax...


Background: Urgent safety measures and management protocols of COVID-19 are continuously being updated. Surgical residents, amongst other health-care professionals, need to modify their clinical practice both in and out of the operating room. Understanding and applying the communicated guidelines are crucial to limit the spread of the virus. Objective: To estimate the extent of association between clinical behaviors and the recommended practice guidelines, issued by national and international health agencies, during the COVID-19 pandemic among surgical residents in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 52 surgical residents training in affiliated teaching public and private hospitals. Correlations were conducted to estimate the associations between knowledge, perception, motivation, and surgical residents' clinical behavior. Further cluster analysis was conducted to identify groups of people with similar patterns of clinical behavior. Results: The response rate was 52%. Surgical residents' behavior and their adherence to practice guidelines were varied and individualized. Nearly 50% lacked some fundamental bio-medical and disease specific knowledge. Despite demonstrating a fair knowledge on the transmission aspect of the disease, less than 60% agreed on ways of infection control and usefulness of personal protective equipment and nearly 50% did not endorse the use of facemasks and gloves. High levels of stress with respect to COVID-19 was reported by 63%; 58% were confident with their personal safety techniques, and 80% needed more information about the COVID-19. Conclusion: The results suggest a collective action is needed at both the personal and institutional level to increase compliance with the recommended guidelines.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Various surgical approach has been used for the removal of pituitary tumor. Recently, endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach has been technically upgraded and the morbidity associated with surgical treatment of the pituitary tumor has been decreased. The objectives of our study was to describe surgical techniques and materials used in sellar repair after endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 18 patients who had received endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery between November 2002 and January 2004. We evaluated effectiveness of this technique by analyzing surgical techniques, symptom improvement and complications after surgery. RESULTS: In most of the case, tumor was found to be macroadenoma and 8 of the cases had suprasellar extension. Tumor was totally removed in 13 cases and partially removed in 5 cases. In all cases we used endoscopic unilateral transnasal transsphenoidal approach with anterior sphenoidotomy. CONCLUSION: We may consider that this approach is more safe and effective and a better treatment method for pituitary tumor surgery than the transcranial approach


Objective To study the oxidative stress effect of nickel sulfate(NiSO_4) on rats'testis,and to provide the laboratory theoretical evidence for preventing and curing of male reproductive toxicity.Methods 32 male Wistar rats with sexual maturation were divided into four groups randomly,and three groups of rats were administrted intraperitoneally with nickel sulfate daily at doses of 1.0,2.0,4.0?mg/kg respectively for 30 days,but the control group was administrated with saline in same volume according to the rats'weight.The testis homogenates were prepared to detect the levels of lipid peroxidation(LPO),total antioxide capacity(T-AOC),antireactive oxygen species(anti-ROS),glutathioe perioxidase(GSH-Px)in spectro photometric assay.Results The organ coefficient of testis exposured to NiSO_4 had no change compared with the control group(P0.05).The LPO contents in testis of the 2.0,4.0?mg/kg groups were higher than that in the control group(P0.05);The activities of anti-ROS and GSH-Px of the 2.0,4.0?mg/kg groups were lower than those in the control group(P0.01).The T-AOC levels of the exposure groups were decreased compared with the control group(P0.01).Conclusion The male reproductive toxicity is related to the enhancement of oxidative stress effect induced by nickel sulfate.


This paper introduced the design and realization of DC speed regulation system controlled by neuron controller based on LM3S8962ARM.The design of neuron controller,the hardware and the software are covered.By the simulation experiment toward the system,the result shows that this speed regulation system has better control performance and higher control precision as well.


The vehicle scheduling problem of the wartime spare parts is vital to the efficiency of equipment support.In this paper,the efficiency loss of equipment was used as the objective of the vehicle scheduling.The model of multi-depot vehicle routing problem was formulated,and the ant colony optimization algorithm was utilized to solve it.In our algorithm,the state transition rule was improved,and the serial and parallel route construction methods were designed.In addition,a local search modular was used to optimize the routes constructed by ants.The computational results showed that the serial route construction method outperformed the other route construction method in both accuracy and speed.


A vehicle fuel gas pre-filter unit can include a housing, a filter, and an inlet valve. The housing is installed in a vehicle structure that includes an outlet valve. The filter is located in the housing and between the inlet and outlet valves with respect to fuel gas flow through the pre-filter unit. The inlet valve permits and prevents gas flow into the housing and has a valve head that opens and closes an inlet port. The outlet valve permits and prevents gas flow out of the housing and eventually to a vehicle fuel gas storage tank. The outlet valve has a valve head that opens and closes an outlet port.


To provide a printing method for printing with a first printing unit having excessive nozzle (221, 222, 223) (220). The method may include stopping the printing by the first printing unit while continuing the printing by operating the nozzles of the second printing unit (210, 230). This method examines the first printing unit, to identify the defective nozzle, which then sets the defective nozzle (225) as a non-operating nozzle, the inoperative nozzle of the first printing unit (221, 222, 223) new It may include setting a working nozzle. The method relates to some embodiments, first move the printing unit in the inspection zone, and continue printing in operation the nozzles in that when the second printing unit, the print zone of the first printing unit after the inspection before the test may include continuing the printing at the first printing unit is moved.


We consider a capital-exchange agreement, where two insurers
recapitalize each other in certain situations with funds they would otherwise
use for dividend payments. We derive equations characterizing the expected
time of ruin and the expected value of the respective discounted dividends
until ruin, if dividends are paid according to a barrier strategy. In a Monte
Carlo simulation study we illustrate the potential advantages of this type of
collaboration.


The importance of anatomical reposition and fixation of the type I hiatal hernia during antireflux surgery has often been emphasized. It is not known whether the initial anatomical repair withstands the test of time and whether this repair is necessary for a successful outcome.


We obtain free of resonances regions for the elasticity system in the exterior of a strictly convex body in R 3 with dissipative boundary conditions under some natural assumptions on the behaviour of the geodesics on the boundary. To do so, we use the properties of the parametrix of the Neumann operator constructed in Duke Math. J. 78 (1995), 677-714. As a consequence, we obtain time decay estimates for the local energy of the solutions of the corresponding mixed boundary value problems.


This paper describes the first implementation of a custom micro-kernel on a ARM-FPGA platform capable of managing reconfigurable hardware parts dynamically. After describing the structure of the proposed micro-kernel, we will focus on a custom specific system task dealing with the reconfiguration management, which is associated to a dedicated scheduling mechanism. We will describe the hardware platform on which the microkernel has been ported and provide a use case application in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. At the end of this paper, we will provide quantitative results in terms of reconfiguration overhead and microkernel timing performances.


In this article, it is suggested that a pedagogical point of departure in the teaching of classical mechanics is the Liouville's theorem. The theorem is interpreted to define the condition that describes the conservation of information in classical mechanics. The Hamilton's equations and the Hamilton's principle of the least action are derived from the Liouville's theorem.


A key feature of human intelligence is our ability to categorise and summarise large quantities of data, whether this data arises from sensory input or from other sources. The ability to group multiple entities together into an (approximately) uniform whole allows us to efficiently represent a whole group as a single concept, enabling us to reason, and to derive knowledge, about groups of entities. A simple form of derived knowledge is association essentially, that the extensions of two concepts overlap significantly. One of the fundamental tenets underlying fuzzy set theory (Zadeh, 1965) is the idea that humans work with groups of entities (or conceptual categories) that are loosely defined, able to admit elements according to some scale of membership rather than according to an absolute yes/no test. This AbsTRACT


There is no more fascinating or vital study pertaining to the oral cavity than those matters that have to do with the relations of the teeth. What wonderful harmony runs through the plans of the Creator I The great apostle said, "And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity." The designation of charity as the most excellent of this great triumvirate of virtues is because at this point man comes to the parting of the ways, digresses from self and self-interest, and takes upon him self the relations, with their responsibilities, that his Cre ator designed he should bear to his fellow-creatures and finds his own greatest good and fullest happiness in a re action from the service which these responsibilities entail. Applying this principle of the Divine purpose to the human denture we discover in its component parts dimension, conformation and relation, these three, but the greatest of these is relation, because, as complex and as wonderful as are the individual organs in conformation and color and


The Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis harboring a mutated gene encoding for a protein known as folliculin. BHD is associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially chromophobe/oncocytic hybrid tumors. The mutations driving clear cell RCC (ccRCC) in BHD remain investigational. We describe a case of BHD syndrome with a metachronous metastatic ccRCC and genomic alterations.


This intimate catalogue contains Hodges' personal recollections of childhood experiences, dreams and loss. Ault's curatorial statement focuses on the emotional aspects of Hodges' work.


Strain-based conflict is when the worries of one area of your life spill into another, reducing effectiveness in the second role. Due to the nature of work in the Hotel Industry, there is a tendency that employees may suffer from strain, which may lead to turnover intentions. In this paper, the relationship between strain-based conflict and turnover intention in unrated hotels is investigated. The design used was explanatory survey. Out of 208 questionnaires, 172 (82%) were returned. SPSS was used to analyze the data with the help of both probability and non – probability sampling techniques and regression analysis. Results reveal a positive and significant impact of strain based conflict (ρ<0.05) on turnover intention. The result of this study could help management implement work-balance practices at the work place to prevent employees seeking employment elsewhere.


The Max Planck Digital Library and FIZ Karlsruhe kindly invite you to register for the eSciDoc Days 2010 which will take place on November 16-17, hosted by The Royal Library in Copenhagen, Denmark. The eSciDoc Days are targeted at both existing eSciDoc users and newcomers in the field of eResearch environments, publication infrastructure, research data management and scholarly collaboration. The registration is open until October 15. The number of participants is limited.  The detailed program together with a registration form as well as further information about the venue and accommodation options is now available at www.escidoc.org .


This special issue focuses on the geographical and spatialized mobilities related to youth transitions to post-secondary education and employment. The "mobility turn" in social sciences in the last decade recognizes that life is increasingly organized and shaped by mobilities (and immobilities) across varying spatial and temporal scales. Yet these mobilities have only recently been examined and theorized as central to understanding the complexity and diversity of young people's experiences. The collection of articles in this special issue presents a multiplicity of young people's relationships to mobilities, particularly as they pursue post-secondary education and employment. The papers are concerned with: (a) the motivations for and expectations of imagined mobility (the innumerable reasons why youth choose, or are compelled, to move or stay), whether focused on the outmigration or inmigration of mobile youth; (b) the lived experiences that youth have in their mobility practices (focusing on multistranded relationships between places of origin and destination, or recognizing the temporality of that mobility); and (c) the value that these youth mobility studies have for policy issues and policy recommendations. The papers in this issue are case studies concerned with youth mobility prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. They use qualitative and quantitative methods, representing inter- and cross-disciplinary approaches from anthropology, sociology, education, communication, and rural development studies. They derive from a collaboration through the On the Move Partnership, an 8-year interdisciplinary research initiative with a key focus on young people's employment- and education-related geographical mobilities in Canada.


Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) defines a group of upper airway disorders characterized by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal cavities. Depending on the presence of polyps on endoscopic examination, CRS can be further divided into 2 groups: CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Typically, CRSwNP is closely related to eosinophilic and Th2-related inflammation while in CRSsNP neutrophils dominate the infiltrate. Secretory IgA (SIgA) represents a first-line mechanism of the airway immune defense, protecting the mucosal surfaces against inhaled microorganisms and antigens. Epithelial transcytosis of IgA is mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), a transmembrane glycoprotein selectively expressed on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells which also serves as the precursor of secretory component (SC), a glycoprotein that enhances the immune functions of SIgA. One previous report indicated that Igs, including IgA, were increased in tissue homogenates from patients with CRSwNP (Van Zele, 2006). Our laboratory has identified in the bronchial epithelium of severe COPD decreases in pIgR and IgA expression (Pilette, 2001) and related these findings to airflow limitation and neutrophilic inflammation (Pilette, 2001, 2007). Based on this and on the role of IgA in mucosal host defense, as well as clinical evidence suggesting deficient first-line defense mechanisms, we hypothesized that secretory IgA production could be impaired in CRSsNP, considered as the upper airway counterpart of COPD.


Scaling and visualization theories about traditional maps can be extended to digital maps in order to develop web applications using maps as information management systems, data viewer and recommender systems. Starting from current limitations of web application using maps, we outline an alternative approach based on building an indexing system connecting scales and contents, on fixing visualization and styling rules, and attributing an active role to the user in defining goals, area of interest and related contents. This contribution presents the first steps towards a theoretical framework to develop map-based applications where contents are connected to the map entities and the user interactions impact on the status of the map and of the application at the same time.


The invention, of isomeric 1,3- and / or 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate, the corresponding 1,3 and / or 1,4-xylylenediamine by reacting phosgene with gas phase It relates to a method for manufacturing. .FIELD 1


their second day of life. At 6 weeks after delivery, only 4.7% of infants were infected, reported Francois Dabis, MD, of Universite Victor Segalen, in Bordeaux, France. Giving the women a short course of triple therapy after delivery—the Combivir plus the lingering effects of the nevirapine—also helped minimize the development of nevirapine resistance mutations in the women. Overall frequency of resistance mutations in the mothers, determined 4 weeks postpartum, was 1.1% for nevirapine and 8.33% for lamivudine. "This is among the lowest [vertical] transmission rates in Africa, the lowest rate of nevirapine resistance when using single-dose nevirapine, and very low adverse effects," noted Dabis. "This is very promising for low-income countries," he said. "Some sites with appropriate infrastructure and training, and where national policies permit, are considering implementing this regimen to reduce resistance," the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation noted in a statement. "In the meantime, we need to provide women with a range of choices to prevent HIV infection in their infants." The World Health Organization is considering revising its guidelines on nevirapine use in low-income countries, said Dabis. "The idea is to come up with a menu of options as simple and realistic as possible" to decrease mother-to-child transmission, he said, a menu that could include a singledose nevirapine or a short course of combination therapy to triple-drug combination therapy in settings in which global efforts to expand access to antiretroviral therapy are taking hold. Experts stressed it is essential to keep single-dose nevirapine as an option when other regimens are unavailable. "We need to improve access to better regimens wherever possible," said McIntyre. For the majority of pregnant women in the developing world who currently have access to nothing, "single-dose nevirapine is a starting point," he added.


The microstructure and the texture development during cold rolling and subsequent recrystallization are very important for numerous technological operations [1]. The investigation of these processes in single crystals is much easier than in polycrystals. The goal of the present study is to determine the influence of strain path on the microstructure and texture development during deformation and recrystallization of f.c.c. single crystals with different high stacking fault energy, equal to about 10 mJ m -2 (Cu-5%Al) and 40 mJ m -2 (Cu).


As a new technology with high ionization rate of sputtered materials,the HPPMS(high power pulse magnetron sputtering) system has been investigating widely.A new-type hybrid HPPMS system was developed coupling DC with pulse power supply in parallel so as to get both the high deposition efficiency and high ionization rate.Then,the discharge behavior of HPPMS system was investigated,and the results revealed that the peak pulse current increases with pulse voltage but decreases with increasing pulse duration.During pulse high-power discharge,the substrate current may increase by over an order of magnitude,ie.,the ionization rate is substantially enhanced.


In most linear response sensors, there are mechanisms for selecting the correct exposure and correct gain to provide the best exposure and noise tradeoff. These regulators act on exposure and gain settings to target a certain average image brightness for a complete image or for a region of an image (or a weighted average of several regions, sometimes called tiles). If the image is too dark, exposure time or gain can be increased. If the image is too bright, exposure time or gain can be decreased. The decision to work on gain or exposure depends on the situation and on the sensor. High gains should be avoided because of the resulting noise amplification and reduction of precision in exposure time settings due to enlarged steps. Exposure time variation is preferable when possible, i.e., until exposure reaches a maximum value, defined by the type of scene and frame rate requirements. Still scenes allow for long exposures, while moving objects require short exposures and a higher gain. Compared to photography, exposure time is the shutter time, and gain is the ISO speed.


Investigations were carried out to study the combustion characteristics of crude rice bran oil methyl ester (CRBME) derived from high free fatty acid (FFA) as a fuel for a heavy commercial vehicle (HCV) compression ignition (CI) engine . A four stroke, 6 cylinder direct injection 117.6 kW turbo-charged engine was used for the work. Tests were conducted at different speeds and torques starting from idle condition. It was observed that cylinder pressure variation of the engine when operating with the CRBME was comparable to that of diesel. Shorter delay period and lower peak pressure were obtained for CRBME when compared to diesel. Maximum heat release rate of CRBME was lower and occurs earlier than diesel. Experimental results show that as a fuel for a heavy commercial engine, CRBME shows comparable combustion characteristics as that of diesel and can be utilized as a substitute for diesel. When compared with other biodiesels CRBME is derived from non-edible source with more availability and hence efforts can be taken to utilize this potential of CRBME as an automotive engine fuel.


Blood glucose meters using the enzyme glucose oxidase (GO) have been proven unreliable at high altitude (1–6). A new test strip technology, based on the oxygen-insensitive enzyme glucose dehydrogenase (GD), has been utilized by some manufacturers. Our hypothesis was that since oxygen is not involved in the reaction pathway of glucose dehydrogenase, glucose dehydrogenase-based blood glucose meters would perform better than glucose oxidase-based meters at high altitude. To our knowledge, performance of glucose dehydrogenase-based meters at high altitude and low temperature has not been studied.

Five plasma-calibrated blood glucose meters were evaluated in this study, four glucose dehydrogenase based (GD1: Precision Xtra; GD2: Ascensia Contour; GD3: Accu-Chek Compact; and GD4: Freestyle) and one glucose oxidase …


Dryer with indirect heat, which is equipped with a rotary dryer with indirect heating, wherein the rotary dryer with indirect heating comprises: a rotary cylinder which rotates freely about its axial direction, a plurality of heating tubes which are arranged parallel to the axis of the rotary cylinder in the rotary cylinder, and a carrier gas treatment system that supplies a carrier gas from one side of the rotary cylinder in the rotating cylinder and discharging the gas with vaporized material from the other side from the system, wherein a is supplied substance to be dried from a first side of the rotary cylinder and a dried substance from a second side opposite the first side opposite is discharged, wherein the rotary dryer with indirect heating comprises a first rotary tunnel dryer with indirect heating and a second rotary dryer with indirect heating and the first and second rotary dryer arranged in series such that a dried substance of the first rotary dryer ...


Automated IHC double staining using DAB and HRP Magenta is illustrated utilizing a new acid block with sulfuric acid to prevent cross-reactivity. Residual cross-reactivity in double staining is determined to arise from chromogenic-bound antibodies and amplification system during the first part of the double staining.


In this paper, we test Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) by applying a new unit root test that allows for nonlinearity in the data to the real exchange rates, constructed with a century of data of 20 countries from Taylor (2002). The problem of lag selection has been taken into account in testing as recommended by Lopez et al. (2005), who challenged Taylor's conclusion that PPP holds well over the 20th century. The results support PPP in 16 out of 19 cases when the US dollar is used as base currency, a result much closer to Taylor (2002) than Lopez et al. (2005) and in line with Wallace and Shelley (2006).


Lots of researches had proved that integrons play a key role in the antibiotic gene transfer among bacteria. Integrons are classified into 2 groups: resistance integrons and super integrons. The resistance integrons are usually detected in transposons,plasmids or chromosomes and able to encode genes which are resistant to single or multiple antibiotics. The super integrons are able to carry as many as hundreds of gene cassettes,which encode genes showing many functions. This article aims at reviewing the structure,occurrence,detection of the integrons and their influence on drug resistance.


Charles Charrington (1854-1926) and his first wife Janet Achurch (1863-1916) are principally remembered for the introduction of Ibsen, their names indelibly linked to the first professional, unadapted production of William Archer's translation of A Doll's House at the Novelty Theatre on 7 June 1889 in which Achurch gave a benchmark performance as the heroine Nora Helmer to Charrington's Dr Rank. Since that time however, while interest in Achurch quite rightly persists, Charrington, a less extrovert, more intellectually-oriented individual, has been overlooked as a subject of serious study (Ince, Charringtons 175). The discourses on the "Ibsen campaign" of the 1890s give the impression that having initiated the "dramatic renaissance" with A Doll's House (Jackson 207), the assumed zenith of Charrington's career, his contributions thereafter were of less note. Charrington was also the target of accusations from various quarters for his inefficiency, dubious financial practices, and culpability in his wife's slide into drug and alcohol addiction, criticisms which have done much to tarnish his legacy. In the historiography of this period it is therefore common to find Charrington somewhat stereotyped as an under-achiever, A Doll's House excepted. Of Irish extraction, and a barrister by training, (1) Charrington's biggest challenge in his professional and personal life was arguably his wife to whom he always gladly played second fiddle, and whose position he guarded jealously. If Achurch's influence was problematic then a further major influence was George Bernard Shaw, his life-long friend and fellow Fabian, whose many surviving letters offer impressions of Charrington that are firmly embedded in the lore of this period. (2) These correspondences are valuable because none from Charrington have survived, but they are nevertheless one-way Shavian monologues which present potential pitfalls in interpretation. The Charringtons' perilous finances coupled with their close friendship with Shaw have always made them (as a partnership) subjects of enduring curiosity. The very earliest account about them was published in 1928 by the late author, critic, and dramatist Ashley Dukes (Dukes, Doll's House 21-38). In referring to them as "dimly remembered names, shadows flitting across the luminous page of a Shavian preface" (21), he gave due credit to their pioneering spirit. In the same article however, Dukes levelled at Charrington the stock criticism of having failed to be a "moral anchor" for his wife (26), the inference being that, accepting that she was a "rebel on a reactionary stage" (25), he (Charrington) was almost wholly responsible for her failure "to take the foremost position in the English theatre to which her gifts entitled her" (25). (3) More recently (1980), Margot Peters published a celebrated account of Shaw's relationships with key actresses, Janet Achurch included, this being the first attempt to situate the Charringtons (among many others) within the life of Shaw. As valuable as these earlier accounts are however, a balanced appraisal of Charrington as a theatrical figure in his own right has not before been undertaken. In attempting to fill this gap, the well-documented events of the "Ibsen campaign" have been used as the framework for exploring Charrington's individual contribution in more detail, employing much information from previously untapped sources. In particular are highlighted contemporary opinions on Charrington the actor, the ideas he propounded for the future of the theatre as influenced by his socialist beliefs, and the intersection of his Fabian/political activities with his stage career. A chronological list of Charrington's roles is given at the end, this being the first to encapsulate his entire stage career as an actor and producer (Adams 276). (4) Charrington's reputation as a promising actor was in its ascendancy well before A Doll's House in 1889, a seminal event which has tended to obscure his early career path and its convergence with that of Achurch's. …


Despite consensus that higher-education programs should be evaluated, assessed, or monitored closely, the many, inherent problems and issues are intensified by the difficulties of specifying precisely what is to be monitored.


Firewalls, network devices, and the access control lists that manage traffic are very important components of modern networking from a security and regulatory perspective. When computers were first connected, they were communicating with trusted peers and nefarious intentions were neither recognized nor important. However, as the reach of networks expanded, systems could no longer be certain whether the peer could be trusted or that their intentions were good. Therefore, a couple of decades ago, near the widespread adoption of the Internet, a new network device became a very important part of the landscape, i.e., the firewall with the access control list (ACL) router. These devices became the sentries to an organization's internal network, still allowing some communication; however, in a controlled and audited manner. It was during this time that the widespread expansion of the firewall spawned significant research into the science of deterministically controlling access, as fast as possible. However, the success of the firewall in securing the enterprise led to an ever increasing complexity in the firewall as the networks became more inter-connected. Over time, the complexity has continued to increase, yielding a difficulty in understanding the allowed access of a particular device.
This dissertation investigates the comprehension of traffic flow through these complex devices by focusing on the following research topics:
• Expands on how a security policy may be processed by decoupling the original rules from the policy, and instead allow a holistic understanding of the solution space being represented. This means taking a set of constraints on access (i.e., firewall rules), synthesizing them into a model that represents an accept and deny space that can be quickly and accurately analyzed.
• Introduces a new set of data structures and algorithms collectively referred to as a Firewall Policy Diagram (FPD). A structure that is capable of modeling Internet Protocol version 4 packet (IPv4) solution space in memory efficient, mathematically set-based entities. Using the FPD we are capable of answering difficult questions such as: what access is allowed by one policy over another, what is the difference in spaces, and how to efficiently parse the data structure that represents the large search space. The search space can be as large as 288; representing the total values available to the source IP address (232), destination IP address (2 32), destination port (216), and protocol (2 8). The fields represent the available bits of an IPv4 packet as defined by the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Notably, only the header fields that are necessary for this research are taken into account and not every available IPv4 header value.
• Presents a concise, precise, and descriptive language called Firewall Policy Query Language (FPQL) as a mechanism to explore the space. FPQL is a Backus Normal Form (Backus-Naur Form) (BNF) compatible notation for a query language to do just that sort of exploration. It looks to translate concise representations of what the end user needs to know about the solution space, and extract the information from the underlying data structures.
• Finally, this dissertation presents a behavioral model of the capabilities found in firewall type devices and a process for taking vendor-specific nuances to a common implementation. This includes understanding interfaces, routes, rules, translation, and policies; and modeling them in a consistent manner such that the many different vendor implementations may be compared to each other. )Abstract shortened by UMI.)


A feedback reduction scheme is proposed in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed scheme can reduce the feedback load of channel quality indicator (CQI) required for proportional fair scheduling at base station (BS). The probability distributions of instantaneous rate and average rate are studied. Then the distribution of proportional fair (PF) priority is obtained. Each user predicts the probability of being scheduled on the condition that its own PF priority is known. To reduce the amount of feedback load, a hard threshold of PF probability is designed for the CQI feedback reduction. This threshold is broadcast to all the users and only the users whose instantaneous PF priorities are higher than the threshold will feed back the CQI. The amount of feedback load saved by implementing the hard threshold is determined and the effect on the system throughput is analyzed. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reduce the feedback overhead while minimize the throughput loss.


Abstract Introduction: Several endocrinopathies have been associated with immunomodulator therapy, including hyperthyroidism, hypophysitis, and adrenal insufficiency. However, there have not yet been reports of more than one endocrinopathy in a single patient undergoing treatment with these agents. Clinical case: A 35 year old male was referred to Endocrinology after labs revealed hyperthyroidism. He had recently been diagnosed with melanoma that had metastasized to the liver and had been receiving dual immunotherapy with Nivolumab and Ipilimumab for 2 months. Routine labs from Oncology revealed TSH 0. 005 mIU/L (n 0.358-3.740 mIU/L), free T4 2.23 ng/dL (n 0.89-1.76 ng/dL), and total T3 232.3 ng/dL (n 60. 0-181. 0 ng/dL). Dual immunotherapy was discontinued given these findings. When he presented to Endocrinology, he endorsed nausea, vomiting, and chills. He was started on propranolol and a thyroid uptake scan was ordered. Two weeks later, the patient was unable to complete imaging due to fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and extremity pain. Labs at that time revealed PM cortisol 0.69 mcg/dL (n 3.44-16.76 mcg/dL), plasma ACTH <5 pg/mL (n 6-50 pg/mL), testosterone 74.5 ng/dL (n 123.1-813.9 ng/dL), prolactin 20.2 ng/mL (n 2.1-17.7 ng/mL), LH 9.80 mIU/mL (n 1.5-9.3 mIU/mL), and FSH 5.3 IU/L (n 1.4-18.1 IU/L). Interestingly, the patient's TSH and free T4 continued to reveal hyperthyroidism. A pituitary MRI demonstrated a 9 mm hypoechoic area at the posterior aspect of the pituitary. Given the lab and imaging findings, a diagnosis of hypophysitis was made. The patient was started on glucocorticoid therapy with good response. Over the next several months, a slow prednisone taper was initiated. Thyroid function returned to baseline normal values. He continued to be followed by Oncology for surveillance but has not been restarted on immunotherapy. Clinical lesson: Although there have been several reports of hyperthyroidism or hypophysitis in response to immunotherapy, this is the first reported case of a patient with dual endocrinopathies associated with immune modulator inhibition. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.


This study examined whether positive feelings about being a lesbian and perceived general support from others are two mediators between attachment (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) and three indices of well-being (i.e., higher levels of life satisfaction, fewer depressive symptoms, and lower levels of loneliness). Participants were 163 self-identified lesbians from different regions in the United States. The results from a path model analysis indicated that (a) positive feelings about being a lesbian mediated the relations between attachment (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) and life satisfaction, (b) perceived general support from others mediated the relations between attachment anxiety and all three indices of well-being, and (c) the associations between attachment (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) and three indices of well-being were also mediated by positive feelings about being a lesbian, followed by perceived general support from others. Moreover, the exploratory results from a multiple-group analysis revealed ...


This paper attempts to examine the impact of Employee empowerment on Organizational performance at Telecommunication Firms in Mogadishu-Somalia. The paper had three main objectives which are: 1) to determine the relationship between employee empowerment and Organizational performance. 2) To identify the relationship between knowledge and organizational performance. 3) To examine the relationship between information sharing and organizational performance. The researchers utilized convenient sampling to collect 70 questionnaires from three Telecommunication Firms in Mogadishu, Somalia. Employees of these were provided a questionnaire with four main construct which measuring power, knowledge, information sharing and organizational performance. However, using correlation coefficient, the study found that organizational performance(Dependent variable) had significant positive influence with three independent variables namely: power, knowledge and information sharing. Also, the result of regression analysis found that three constructs had statistically significant, positive, and straight effects on organizational performance


Ultra-fine pulverization technology as a novel food processing technique has been employed to functional food processing. The characteristics and equipments of ultra-fine pulverization technolgy were introduced. The application of ultra-fine pulverization on functional foods was discussed.


As the additive manufacturing industry grows, it is compounding the global plastic waste problem. Distributed recycling and additive manufacturing (DRAM) offers an economic solution to this challenge, but it has been relegated to either small-volume 3D printers (limiting waste recycling throughput) or expensive industrial machines (limiting accessibility and lateral scaling). To overcome these challenges, this paper provides proof-of-concept for a novel, open-source hybrid 3D printer that combines a low-cost hanging printer design with a compression-screw-based end-effector that allows for the direct extrusion of recycled plastic waste in large expandable printing volumes. Mechanical testing of the resultant prints from 100% waste plastic, however, showed that combining the challenges of non-uniform feedstocks and a heavy printhead for a hangprinter reduced the strength of the parts compared to fused filament fabrication. The preliminary results are technologically promising, however, and provide opportunities to improve on the open-source design to help process the volumes of waste plastic needed for DRAM to address the negative environmental impacts of global plastic use.


Molecular genetic selection on individual genes is a promising method to genetically improve economically important traits in chickens. The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene may play important roles in growth of multiple tissues, including muscle cells, cartilage and bone. In the present study, polymorphism of the promoter and 5' untranslated region of IGF-I gene of Mazandaran native fowls was investigated. In order to evaluate the IGF-I gene polymorphism, we used the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Blood samples were collected from randomly chosen 100 Mazandaran native fowls. Genomic DNA was extracted using modified salting-out method and amplified polymerase chain reaction technique. The promoter and 5' untranslated region of the fowl IGF-I gene was amplified to produce a 621 bp fragment. The PCR products were electrophoresed on 2.5% agarose gel and stained by ethidium bromide. Then they were digested of amplicons with PstI, which revealed two alleles A and B. Data were analyzed using Pop Gene 32 software package. In this population, AA, AB, BB genotypes were identified with 25.88, 50.23 and 23.89% frequencies, respectively. Allele frequencies (A and B) were 0.51 and 0.49, respectively. The Chi-square (χ 2 ) test did not show deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05).


ABSTRACT - The study was conducted to analyze alterations in the microbiological profile of the ileal digesta of broilersfed different levels of energy and additives. A standard diet based on corn-soybean meal and a low energy diet based on corn,soybean and wheat bran were prepared. Either Enterococus faecium probiotic or xylanase, amylase plus β-glucanase enzymesor the mix of probiotic and exzymes were added or not to each energy level, resulting in eight treatments. Birds were distributedin a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, and each treatment had 5 replications of 12 birds. Onebird of each repetition was slaughtered at 19 days of age and the ileal contents were collected and stored at -24 °C until analysis.DNA was extracted from the microorganism probiotic and ileal content using the QIAamp DNA Stool kit following therecommendations of the manufacturer. The extracted samples were amplified by PCR and the ileal microbiota and probioticprofiles were characterized using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The results show that all treatments resulted indifferent profiles of amplicons, except for enzymes alone or mix with probiotic in the standard energy diet. The probioticmicroorganism profile was absent in all diets. The use of additives changed the digestive microbiota in the ileum, althoughthe probiotic was not capable of colonizing the ileum of the birds.Key Words: DGGE, DNA, enzymes, probiotic, wheat


We report the computer control system of simultaneous monitoring of cardiotocography and pulse oximetry during labour. Five of twenty five patients have abnormal CTG results with oxygen saturation over 30%. In the three subjects severe late decelerations were related with decrease of saturation to 20%. Mean SaO2 measurements ranged from 62% at the early stage of labour to 45% in the second stage. We conclude that fetal pulse oximetry plays important complementary role among methods of intrapartum monitoring and it will be used in every case with suspicious or pathological CTGm.


We have seen that a bound on time implies a bound on space. Space complexity is worth studying as it gives a diierent classiication, and some space complexity classes have nice closure properties. There is also an interesting connexion with parallel computation: sequential logspace is equivalent to parallel logtime, but that is beyond the scope of the course. 6.1 Space constructible and space complexity classes It is straightforward to measure the amount of space used by a dtm computation. Suppose M is a dtm that terminates on all inputs. The space usage of M is a function s : N ?! N such that s(n) is the maximum number of tape cells used in the computation of M on any input of length n. Exercise 6.1 What is the space complexity of the On 2 ]-algorithm for reachability considered in Section 1? A numeric function s(n) is said to be space constructible if there is a multitape dtm that uses exactly s(jxj) tape cells before terminating for any input x. For any space constructible function s(n), the deterministic space complexity class dspaces(n)] is deened by: dspaces(n)] def = f L : L is decided by a dtm that has space complexity Os(n)] g Space complexity classes Similarly we deene PSPACE def = S k>0 dspacen k ] LOGSPACE def = dspacelog n]: The deenition of nspaces] is similar to ntimet], and we can deene NPSPACE def = S k>0 nspacen k ] NLOGSPACE def = nspacelog n]: As for time complexity we can ignore constant multiplicative factors. There is an analogue of the Linear Speed-up Theorem. Proposition 6.2 (Linear Space Compression) If a dtm computes within space s(n) then, for any > 0, there is a dtm computing within space s(n) + 2 that simulates it. 6.2 Relationships between time and space Clearly running time is not in general bounded by the same function that bounds space usage since tape cells can be reused. Nevertheless given a space bound we can derive a time bound: Proposition 6.3 If a dtm works within space Os(n)] where s(n) > log n is space constructible, then it works within time O2 ks(n) ], for some constant k.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a catalyst system which is suitable for catalyzing the polymn. of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate or its homologous oligomer. SOLUTION: This catalyst system contains a compd. represented by the formula: Z x -A(O) m -R y (wherein Z is OH, OM, OR', or NR"; M is a mono- to tetravalent metal ion or org. ion; A is P, S, B, Si, As, or C; R is a perfluoroalkyl group; R' and R" are each an alkyl, aryl, satd. cyclic, or arom. group; m is 0, 1, or 2; y is 1 or higher; and x is 0 or higher) or its anhydride, an antimony or germanium deriv. in such amt. that the finally resulting polymer contains 5-130ppm antimony or germanium, and a titanium deriv. in such an amt. that the finally resulting polymer contains 0-20ppm titanium, subject to the condition that the finally resulting polymer contains lower than 130ppm metals derived from this catalyst system. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO


With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Vehicles and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, the cooperative intelligent transportation system (C-ITS) has drawn great attention in recent years. To provide an ultra-reliable, low-latency computation experience of C-ITS, computation offloading is deemed indispensable by working with edge-cloud servers. In this paper, we first investigate a distributed dynamic computation offloading model for multi-access edge computing (MEC) enabled C-ITS under a heterogeneous road network, in which the multiple and heterogeneous computing power sources cooperatively provide computation offloading services for vehicles. Considering the autonomous offloading manner of the vehicles, we formulate the task offloading and computing power allocation as a distributed Stackelberg game, where the MEC servers as the leader to allocate computing resources and manage local energy, and the vehicles as the followers to offload local computation task. Since the observable states in the game is incomplete, the problem of resolving the optimal strategies for each game player is modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) to maximize the long-term cumulative reward. Then we develop a computation offloading algorithm using Stackelberg game-based multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (SG-MADDPG), which uses a centralized training and decentralized execution method to learn the optimal computing power allocation and computation offloading policies. Finally, extensive simulations are carried out and show the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


We spend one third of our lives sleeping: But to what end? One function of sleep is to consolidate memories and to help with subsequent computational


Over the last decades, intense research activities have been devoted on the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts because of their convenient use and facile recycling. In particular, porous transition metal oxides have attracted special attention as promising catalyst materials since transition metal ions can show high catalytic activity for redoxand photoinduced-reactions, and moreover the expansion of surface area through the fabrication of porous structure can provide a large number of catalytically active sites. Among various synthetic routes to porous inorganic solids, one of the most powerful methods is the self-assembly of inorganic precursors with the help of surfactant molecules or block copolymers. This synthetic route is very effective for creating mesoporous silica-based catalysts like MCM-41 and MCM-48, however it is less successful in preparing thermally stable porous transition metal oxides. As an alternative route, the intercalation reaction of metal oxide into layered inorganic solids is useful for synthesizing porous transition metal oxides. Furthermore, this method can provide a unique merit of hybridizing two different metal oxides into a porous lattice, leading to the synergetic combination of two physicochemical properties. Recently nanoporous nickel phosphate prepared by microwave irradiation has been reported to show high catalytic activity for the epoxidation of olefin molecules. Moreover, nanocrystalline nickel oxide has been widely used as a co-catalyst for improving the photocatalytic activity of semiconductive materials. In this regard, nickel oxide-containing porous compound is expected to be active not only as a redox catalyst but also as a photocatalyst. Up to date, however, there have been no reports on the synthesis of porous intercalation compound of nickel oxide nanoparticle and layered inorganic solids. A previous attempt to dope a small amount of nickel oxide (< 1wt%) into the interlayer space or on the surface of layered perovskite metal oxide was unsuccessful in producing porous NiO-based materials. Recently it was reported that the intercalation of bulky organic molecules leads to the exfoliation of transition metal oxides into colloidal nanosheets. Since the resultant individual monolayers are negatively charged, they are expected to easily be reassembled with positively charged nickel hydroxide nanoclusters, leading to the formation of porous nickel oxide-based materials (Scheme 1). In the present work, we are successful in synthesizing for the


The authors examine to what extent features of the international tax system and indicators of transaction costs affect the required rates of return on emerging stock markets. They show that the capital gains withholding tax levied on foreign portfolio investors increases required pre-tax rates of return. As countries generally do not index their capital gains taxes, it follows that inflation increases the capital gains tax base, as well as the required rate of return on equity. Dividend withholding taxes instead appear not to increase the required pre-tax equity returns significantly. The differing results for capital gains and dividend taxes reflect the fact that foreign investors generally can receive domestic tax credits only for foreign withholding taxes paid on dividends. The return on equity is part of the issuing firm's cost of capital. So, capital gains withholding taxes imposed on nonresidents increase the cost of capital for domestic firms and discourage physical investment. Private investment levels have tended to be low in developing countries in the 1980's. The cost of equity finance in developing countries has gained in importance inthe last decade, as these countries'access to international lending capital has been limited during most of the decade. What do these findings imply for the design of tax policy in relation to foreign portfolio investment in developing countries? The existence of foreign tax credits for dividend taxes paid suggest that a country should tax capital gains more lightly than repatriated dividends - as do Greece, Pakistan, Portugal, and Venezuela. Each of these countries has positive-dividend withholding taxes but no capital gains taxes imposed on non-residents. Colombia and India do the exact opposite: they tax capital gains far more heavily than dividends. Despite what appears optimal, the trend in developing countries is toward lower dividend withholding taxes, with little change in the average level of capital gains taxation (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)


Religious texts and historical narratives are instrumental in defining appropriate emotions and moral reasoning in a culture. In the Bhagavad Gitā, the warrior Arjuna is faced with a twofold dilemma: are his emotions appropriate and should emotions influence his actions? The Gitā is thought to be a redacted text with three primary layers: the original verses, the Sāmkhya/Yoga layer, and the devotional bhakti layer. Cross-cultural psychological theories of emotions are employed to analyze the layers of the Gitā. It is argued that each of the three layers corresponds with one of three possible moral codes as proposed by R. A. Shweder and his colleagues (1997; 2000): the Ethic of Autonomy (promoting personal well-being and avoiding shame); the Ethic of Community (maintaining social order and emotional detachment); and the Ethic of Divinity (upholding cosmic order and endorsing emotional devotion). These three perspectives remain relevant for deciding emotionally laden moral dilemmas today.


Fiber optic networks have recently become economically feasible for single households. Since the areawide expansion of fiber optic networks requires enormous financial resources, exact algorithms for finding provably-optimal solutions of the arising network design problems are desirable. We consider the problem of augmenting an existing network infrastructure by additional links (and switches) in order to connect it to the given customer nodes. We distinguish between standard customers (type-1) for which a single link to the infrastructure suffices, and important customers (type-2) that require a redundant connection. We also consider a variant of the problem in which the condition for type-2 customers is relaxed in the sense that the non-redundant part of the link shall not exceed a certain length (bmax-redundancy).


Abstract Implementation problem solving as an approach in teaching mathematics besides aiming to improve problem-solving skills can also improve students' critical thinking mathematically. In practice, the application of problem solving approach could be expected to cause change math anxiety. Mathematics anxiety is high or too low will affect the ability of critical thinking mathematically. This research is a quantitative approach to experiment with the aim to obtain a picture of increasing mathematical and critical thinking skills of mathematics anxiety of students in learning by using a problem solving approach is reviewed by the entire student and student grouping. This study uses a form of pretest-posttest control group. Collecting data using a test for mathematical and critical thinking skills questionnaire for math anxiety. Based on the analysis concluded that the increase in critical thinking skills that are taught to students' mathematical problem solving approach is higher than the increase in students' critical thinking skills being taught mathematical with conventional approaches based on the students' overall well-reviewed and reviewed based on grouping students. For math anxiety, there are no significant changes between mathematics anxiety before treatment and after treatment both in classes taught by the problem solving approach and the class is taught by conventional approaches. Based on univariate analysis concluded that there was an interaction between these factors and grouping students learning approach to improving the ability to think mathematically ktitis or math anxiety. Keywords: mathematical critical thinking skills, math anxiety, problem solving approach


Objective To investigate dose-response relationship of parecoxib for inhibiting postoperative hyperalgesia after remifentanil-based anesthesia in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy.Methods Forty patients aged 19 ~ 45 years with ASA I or II,weighing 45 ~ 70 kg and undergoing gynecological laparoscopy under remifentanil-based general anesthesia were studied.Anesthesia used propofol 2 mg/kg,fentanyl 4 μg/kg and atracurium 0.6 mg/kg.Patients were given infusion of remifentail(0.12 μg·kg-1·min-1) and propofol(75 ~ 200 mg·kg-1·min-1) during the operation.Atracurium was given intermittently.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation.Parecoxib was given before skin incision for inhibiting remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia.Pain was assessed using VAS at 10 min after tracheal extubation.VAS score 4 was defined as effective.The optimal dose was determined by Dixon's up-and-down method.If the VAS score was 4,the next patient received a lower dose of parecoxib.If ineffective,a high dose was given in the next patient.The up-and-down sequences were analyzed by using probit method to determine the ED50,ED95 and 95% confidence interval(CI).Results The ED50 and ED95 of parecoxib for inhibiting postoperative hyperalgesia after remifentanil-based anesthesia in patients following gynecological laparoscopy were 0.63 mg/kg(95% CI: 0.52 mg/kg ~ 0.75 mg/kg) and 1.10 mg/kg(95% CI: 0.86 mg/kg ~ 2.81mg/kg).Conclusion The ED50 and ED95 of parecoxib for inhibiting postoperative hyperalgesia after remifentanil-based anesthesia in patients following gynecological laparoscopy are 0.63 mg/kg and 1.10 mg/kg respectively.


Adapting the conpetition teaching method,this study had a reseach on the studends of 2008 grade at Guangdong Baiyun University and discuss the physical education of the competition teaching method.This research displayed that:(1)After a school term study, the number of students in experimental groud who like playing badminton increased significantly (13.5%);(2)Comparing to the contrast groud ,the experimental groud are capable of getting 2 scores on averge while serving balls.What is more the experimental groud played the game more steady. Finally this study indicated that:(1) The application of Competition teachingmethod in badminton caurse is advantageous to students' study enthusiasm,stimulates interest and enthusiasm; (2)The competition teaching method enhances the student to basic technical grasping.


Background : One of simple, inexpensive, readily available treatments for treating peptic ulcer bleeding is injection of the lesion with a sclerosing substance such as ethanol and hypertonic saline-epinephrine. The aim of this study was to compare the hemostatic efficacy of endoscopic injection therapy with ethanol, hypertonic saline-epinephrine, and ethanol plus hypertonic saline- epinephrine. Methods : 173 patients with active bleeding or nonbleeding visible vessels were classified into three groups based on treatment modality as follows; ethanol injection group (n=67), hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection group (n=16) or ethanol plus hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection group (n=33). Results : No difference in initial hemostasis, rebleeding, need for operation, transfusion requirement, hospital stay and mortality was observed among the ethanol, hypertonic saline-epinephrine and ethanol plus hypertonic saline-epinephrine group. The rate of initial hemostasis in patients with Dieulafoy ulcer bleeding was significantly lower than patients with non-Dieulafoy ulcer bleeding. The rate of initial hemostasis failure, rebleeding rate, need for operation, transfusion requirement and mortality were higher in patients with spurting hemorrhage than patients with visible vessels. Hypertension, diabetus mellitus, smoking and alcohol drinking did not influence therapeutic effect of injection therapy. Conclusion : There is no difference in the therapeutic effect of endoscopic injection for peptic ulcer bleeding among ethanol, hypertonic saline-epinephrine and ethanol plus hypertonic saline-epinephrine group, but the therapeutic effect of injection therapy is low in patients with Dieulafoy ulcer bleeding and spurting hemorrhage. Therefore, combination therapy with injection therapy and another endoscopic therapy or another endoscopic therapy alone should be considered.


The composition-dependent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of Co2–xRhxP nanoparticles in acid is reported. The motivation for the current study stems from (1) prior work demonstrating tha...


The scarcity of fossil energy accelerates the development of geothermal power plant in Indonesia. The main issue is how to minimize the energy loss from the geothermal working fluid so that the power generated can be increased. In some of geothermal power plant, the hot water which is resulted from flashing is flown to injection well, and steam out from turbine is condensed in condenser, while the temperature and pressure of the working fluid is still high. The aim of this research is how the waste energy can be re-used as energy source to generate electric power. The step of the research is started by studying the characteristics of geothermal fluid out from the well head. The temperature of fluid varies from 140°C – 250°C, the pressure is more than 7 bar and the fluid phase are liquid, gas, or mixing phase. Dry steam power plant is selected for vapor dominated source, single or multiple flash power plant is used for dominated water with temperature > 225°C, while the binary power plant is used for low t...


Three models of artificial neural network were established to predict the thermal state indexes (RDI, RI, RSI) of iron ore pellets. Initial input factors of the networks were found according to the pellet mine theory. Then sensitivity analysis was used to quantify the importance of each input variable and reduce the networks' input dimensionality. At last, minimum sets of input factors of networks were found to improve the accuracy of network prediction. Simulation results show that the prediction models meet the actual engineering application requirement.


The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE) is a next-generation observatory, designed to provide highly multiplexed, multi-object spectroscopy over a wide field of view. The observatory will consist of (1) a telescope with an 11.25 m aperture, (2) a 1.5 square-degree science field of view, (3) fibre optic positioning and transmission systems, and (4) a suite of low (R=3000), moderate (R=6000) and high resolution (R=40,000) spectrographs. The Fibre Transmission System (FiTS) consists of 4332 optical fibres, designed to transmit the light from the telescope prime focus to the dedicated spectrographs. The ambitious science goals of MSE require the Fibre Transmission System to deliver performance well beyond the current state of the art for multi-fibre systems, e.g., the sensitivity to observe magnitude 24 objects (@ SNR=2) over a very broad wavelength range (0.37 – 1.8 μm) while achieving relative spectrophotometric accuracy of < 3% and radial velocity precision of 20 km/s (@ SNR=5). This paper details the design of the FiTS fibre system. It places FiTS into context with existing and planned spectroscopic facilities, such as Subaru/PFS, KPNO/DESI, ESO/4MOST and Gemini/GRACES. The results and lessons learned from GRACES are particularly applicable, since FiTS and GRACES share many team members, including industrial partner FiberTech Optica (Kitchener, ON). The FiTS system consists of 57 identical fibre cables. These cables have been designed to be modular, facilitating efficient construction and automated acceptance testing. Each cable consists of 76 fibres, including 57 fibres feeding light to the low and moderate resolution spectrographs and 19 fibres feeding the high-resolution spectrographs. Thus, the MSE/FiTS consists of 4332 fibres in total. Novel construction techniques utilizing continuous high-NA (f/2) fibres, pioneered by FiberTech Optica, are outlined and test results showing < 5% focal ratio degradation (FRD) in V-band are presented. The effect on FRD from varying the input f/# is also shown. Where test data is unavailable, system error budgets have been created to assess design choices on options such as fibre material, anti-reflection coatings, and fibre-optic connectors


T obetter understanding the plastic nature of the gene, we analysed single genotypes that determined two alternative phenotypes (for examples by the sex determination of reptiles and vernalization of plants). Here we used the model of butterfly eye spots to highlight how different embryonic developmental genetic pathways can be the basis of evolution not by darwinian selection.. Further, we provided evidence that specific properties of mol- ecules are the basis of the mechanism by which a gene "detects" its environment and consequently acts.


In Alvar Aalto's architecture wood had an important role, symbolically and as a material. Aalto brought out the biological characteristics of wood and its relationship with human beings and with nature in his architecture. Aalto was a master at combining Finnish vernacular building with the European tradition and metamorphosing into some other material as he went along. Concrete, glass, wood and brick were all equally worthy materials. In Aalto's architecture, the role of wood is based above all on the ease with which it can be worked, its heat insulation properties and the fact that it is pleasant to the touch. Trees themselves as symbols of growth and sources of form of different kinds, and forests as spatial outlines, however, gave wood a mythical character. To Aalto, wood was adapted as an argument for human warmth and humanism when, to his mind, Modernism, the International Style, began to become too stereotyped and estranged from the idealism Aalto associated with it. With time, wood became for Aalto more and more a material that was used for cladding buildings and worked as a space divider, a material that was employed to soften acoustics and was used in details for places that people were going to touch. It could be said that, on the one hand, wood acted as decoration in Aalto's buildings, but on the other, the variations of form in the wooden detailing show a synthesis of Aalto's architecture.


Yield and sucrose determinations from field plot trials are a vital part of sugar beet research programs concerned with breeding, varie tal evaluation, soil fertility, disease, pest control, or other aspects of sugar beet production. Various plot sizes and harvest sampling tech niques are used, most of which seem to be based on general experience and convenience rather than a systematic evaluation of the errors encountered in such experimentation. Surprisingly , the authors have been unable to locate any recent publications concerning optimum harvest areas, plot size, or the magnitude of differences one might expect to detect using various experimental techniques. In 1942, the ASSBT Standardization Committee recommended that sample areas two rows wide and 30 feet in length be harvested for demonstration strip trials, and for varietal trials that plots two to eight rows wide and 30 to 75 feet in length be used with the entire Flot being harvested if possible (1)3. No justification for these recommendations was given nor were any references made to supporting experimental data. The most recent publications found specifically evaluating the effect of numbers of samples or sample areas on experimental error are those of Immer (3,4,5) . This work represents one of the earliest applications of the analysis of variance to sugar beet research in this country. These papers essentially describe the results of uniformity trials , and while the results are still relevant, it would seem appropriate to evaluate the errors involved under present conditions.


After a brief review of the main ureterosigmoidostomy techniques, the Authors evaluate their own experience based on 116 patients operated between 1969 and 1987. The early and late complications of this procedure have been analyzed, in particular those regarding the state of the upper urinary tracts, hyperchloremic acidosis, colonic neoplasms, renal stones and proctitis. The Authors conclude that ureterosigmoidostomy still seems to have a well-defined role among urinary diversion possibilities that may be offered to patients (in particular women).


Calcium ion plays a fundamental role in the regulation of several biological processes. Transient changes in cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration represent a key step for neurotransmitter release and the modulation of cell membrane excitability. Evidence has accumulated for the involvement of calcium ion also in nociception and antinociception, including the analgesic effects produced by opioids. This article reviews the manners by which calcium ion penetrates cell membranes and the mechanisms caused by opioids and calcium antagonists regarding nociceptive and antinociceptive events.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ophthalmic causes of headache among patients attending tertiary care hospital. This was a descriptive, cross sectional hospital-based study. One hundred and thirty-two patients with ocular cause of headache excluding primary headache and pediatrics patients during one year were included. Detail ocular examination was done including visual acuity, refraction, binocular vision assessment like convergence insufficiency and fusional insufficiency, anterior and posterior segment examination. Among headache patients, female was 106 (80.3%) and male was 26 (19.7%). The prevalence of headache in female was 6.9% and in male was 2%. Headache was more common in age group 18-29 (59.8%). The mean age of presentation was 29.9 ± 10.2 years (range 18-61 years). Out of 132 patients with headache, 104 (78.8%) had refractive error, 15 (11.4%) had fusional insufficiency, 6 (4.5%) had convergence insufficiency, 10 (7.6%) had anterior segment diseases and 5 (3.8%) had posterior segment diseases. Among refractive errors, both eyes astigmatism was the commonest 48 (36.5%) followed by both eyes simple myopia 44 (33.4 %) which was statistically significant with ocular headache (p=0.000). Ocular anomalies other than refractive error may coexist with headache complaints. Therefore, thorough ocular examination should be done in all patients suffering from headache.


Summary Our integrated geological and geophysical study of the Wet Mountains region is focused primarily on expanding our knowledge of the tectonic evolution of this area and the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen in general. Gravity and magnetic surveys were conducted that covered an extensive area over the Gem Park and McClure Mountain mafic and ultramafic complexes in the Wet Mountains of Southern Colorado. These results, when merged with regional gravity and magnetic data, indicate that a large (>500 km 2 ) portion of the Wet Mountains is underlain by Cambrian mafic igneous rocks. Furthermore, NW-SE trending regional lineaments align with known trends of the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen (SOA). In addition, regional seismic refraction/wide angle reflection data from the Continental Dynamics of the Rocky Mountains Project (CDROM) were used to support the above interpretation by correlating the northern Wet Mountains with high velocity (~6.20 km/s) material that extends from near the surface to a depth of about 10 km.


An annotated list of 27 species of the genus Coptotettix Bolívar, 1887 distributed in China is given. Coptotettix emeiensis sp. nov. is described from Sichuan Province, China. A key to the Chinese species of the genus Coptotettix is given.


We consider the path control problem for the autonomous mobile robot B21. In particular we define the reference paths as time indexed functions. The error between the actual position and the reference path is described by a nonlinear time varying multivariable state space model. We propose an adaptive self-tuning control system taking into account the properties of the obtained state space model. We concentrate especially on the control design block. For every iteration of the outer control loop a nonlinear transformation of the state space system into a canonical form must be carried out. Afterwards we use the pole assignment method to design a controller. We have implemented the designed control system on the real platform B21. Several experiments have been carried out where it has been demonstrated that the system requirements are fulfilled. The closed-loop system accurately follows the reference path. As expected, initial disturbances are eliminated and the reference path is caught up. Even reference paths with very high dynamics are followed accurately by the closed-loop system after the transient oscillations and no tracking error remains.


The reason of the phase offset in the OFDM system is analyzed in this paper and a method correcting the offset by using the information of pilots inserted in the OFDM frame was proposed. then the algorithm including simple phase compensation and pilot frequency phase compensation were simulated, the result shows that the algorithm proposed in this paper can correct the star map to a scope that can decode the star map correctly and comparing to the simple compensation, it can reduce the bit error ratio(BER). Finally the different effects to the symbol error rate by using the different pilot frequency numbers have simulated, including 50 pilot frequency and 100 frequency inserted in the OFDM data frame averagely, the result shows that that the more we inserting the pilot frequency symbols, the better system's estimating performance under low SNR‥


For designing the economical propulsion plants of medium speed engines, taking into account the decreasing of operation cost, the following particulars were discussed on this paper; fuel and lub. oil consumptions, ability to burn degraded quality fuel, reliability, ability to run at part load, advantages inherent to medium speed engines and the design of economical propulsion installations. Above all, the fuel consumption of less than 130 g/ps-h which was achieved on 8PC4-2 L engine, accepting a viscosity of 600 cst for the fuel of PC engines and the full use of the recovered power systems shall be appraised for planning of medium speed engines.


Based on the demand of infection case report in hospital,according to the format of military hospital infection cases one report card,report system of infection case in hospital is developed,and in which infection cases are reported through computer network inside the hospital and correlative query and statistics are realized.


We stand on the threshold of a new era in digital imaging, when image files will encode the color gamut and dynamic range of the original scene, rather than the limited subspace that can be conveniently displayed with 20 year-old monitor technology. In order to accomplish this goal, we need to agree upon a standard encoding for high dynamic range (HDR) image information. Paralleling conventional image formats, there are many HDR standards to choose from.


Background/Purpose/Question CRNA preceptors have minimal exposure to adult learning principles and educational theory and have not received instruction related to precepting. The clinical experience can have a direct impact on student development in self-awareness, critical thinking skills, and professionalism. In order to educate and train students, preceptors need to be knowledgeable about the various methods of supervision and learning processes. The goal of a formalized preceptor training program is to enhance existing precepting skills of experienced providers by providing evidence-based teaching principles. This evidenced based practice project aims to answer: will a formalized preceptorship workshop increase the knowledge, perception and attitude of the CRNA preceptor on teaching and learning strategies, effective communication and a positive preceptor-preceptee relationship? Methods/Evidence Search The databases utilized in the search include: Pubmed, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and ProQuest. Inclusion criteria for the chosen studies include, studies that are written in English with full-text availability. All studies reviewed are related to a preceptorship within nursing or nurse anesthesia. Exclusion criteria includes studies greater than 20 years old and studies that are based on precepting in a different job field. The search keywords: preceptor, preceptee, preceptorship, nursing, nurse anesthesia, student registered nurse anesthesia, education and training were entered in varying combinations throughout the search process. Thirteen articles were chosen for this review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study designs of the articles are mixed methods studies, qualitative studies, and descriptive studies. Synthesis of Literature/Results/Discussion There are four key themes formulated from the review of the articles. The first theme assesses the preceptors' perception of their role and their needs. Bengtsson and Carlson found that preceptors want concrete tools on effective teaching of students and an understanding of preceptorship. The second and third themes include teaching strategies and learning needs. Meyers et al evaluated the perception of new RNs and found that learning occurs from receiving feedback, having a nurturing relationship with their preceptor and a positive orientation environment. A study by Forneris and Peden-McAlpine determined that preceptors felt that their precepting skills were enhanced after the initiation of a contextual learning intervention. Effective communication is the fourth theme and was ranked by SRNAS as highly important. A preceptor should be knowledgeable in effective adult teaching strategies, have an understanding of the learning needs of students and have effective communication skills. It was found that factors that negatively effect students' education are a disempowering preceptor-student relationship, and not utilizing teaching strategies. Whether or not a preceptor training program increases preceptors' knowledge of teaching and learning strategies needs further explanation. Future research should focus on screening of preceptors, preparation and reward for preceptors.


Objective The objective of digitalized patient records control is to meet some new demands set on patient records control under the new circumstances. Methods A computer system for digitalized patient records control and supporting processing, management and applications setups were established. Results The system put the contents of the patient records into various categories with difierent standards and designed relatively strict means of authorization. It rendered patient records easier to use and their control more strict, making it possible to make general use of the records without access to the original documents. As a result, data loss was avoided, authority over the data was put under control, data sharing was provided, and full and convenient use of data was realized. Conclusion Digitalized patient records control, a form of shaping computer-based patient records before the latter fully comes into being, enhances the efficiency of patient records application and reduces the pressure of paper records storage. It is a practical and effective way of controlling patient records.


Adverse reactions to food include immune mediated food allergies and non immune mediated food intolerances. Food allergies and intolerances are often confused by health professionals, patients and the public. Food allergy has emerged as an increasing medical problem with main burden occurring in childhood. Careful diagnosis is important because over diagnosis by parents and even medical professionals results in a restrictive and inadequate diet which can impair both growth and limit participation in social activities. Diagnosis of food allergies in children starts with a careful dietary history to define the potential food triggers. Skin prick test (SPT) results and measurement of serum-specific IgE antibodies (sIgE) can be helpful in identifying offending foods. The oral food challenge (OFC) test is the definitive mean to ascertain clinical reactions to food.


Coherent Point Drift (CPD) is one of the popular robust point cloud registration algorithms in recent years. However, the algorithm uses fast Gaussian transformation to calculate the matrix-vector product, resulting in slower overall registration efficiency. We propose an improved coherent point drift (ICPD) algorithm, which introduces faster Gaussian lattice filtering to calculate the above product and uses the global squared iterative method to reduce the number of iterations of the CPD algorithm. In addition, the outlier w is not accurately expressed in CPD. We propose an iterative outlier formula to solve this problem. Experiments show that the improved algorithm is about two orders of magnitude faster than the CPD algorithm, 1-2 times faster than the ICP algorithm, and shows superior performance in environments with different noise and outlier distributions.


The preform of Al2O3 fiber was obtained by wet method,and the result shows that the fiber distribution of preform is more uniform after the pretreatment, and the length - diameter ratio can fully meet the demand of qualified preform. The surface of preform prepared by this process is flat, and fiber is distributed evenly, with certain strength,so it can be used for pressure infiltration fabrication of alumina fiber reinforced metal matrix composites.


Title Domestic wastewater treatment and electricity recovery by a PVDF-based air-cathode MFC coupled with a low voltage booster multiplier [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) KOFFI, N'Dah Joel Citation 北海道大学. 博士(工学) 甲第13832号 Issue Date 2019-12-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/76578 Rights(URL) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information NDah_Joel_KOFFI_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


A method, apparatus and system are used to perform a limited channel mapping is provided. In some embodiments, the method further comprising: selecting one input of the multiple input, and select a single modulation scheme among the plurality of modulation schemes transmitted through the selected input, tuning to a plurality of channels over a single modulation scheme, and the broadcast determine if the received on each channel, and recording the determined channel to receive a broadcast on the channel map, and Full automatic program can not perform. In some embodiments, further, the during scanning signals associated with the first modulation scheme, and identifies the channel carrying the broadcast information compares the channel assignment of the predetermined channel map and an indication channel during the scan, and comparing the channel assignment difference If the detected initializes the tuning, determined and recorded. Modulation, channel allocation, tuning, program, channel map