Abstract A membrane process utilizing dialysis and selective complexation by water-soluble polymers has been developed. This process, termed affinity dialysis, has been shown to selectively extract and concentrate both cations and anions in a manner similar to ion exchange or solvent extraction. The selective removal of calcium from sodium with selectivity of about 30, removal of chromate ion from dilute streams, and separation of transition metal ions such as Cu/Fe and Cu/Zn have all been successfully demonstrated. Effects of different polymers, polymer concentration, temperature, and flow rates have been studied. The effect of increased polymer concentration is to increase product concentration if appropriate changes in feed, polymer solution, and strip flow rates are made. A continuous polymer solution recycle and regeneration system has been constructed and operated with Cu/Zn and chromate/chloride feed streams. Removal of over 95% of the desired ion in one pass and concentration factors of product ov...


In view of the phenomenon of "high marks and low abilities" in our country, universities in our country attach great importance to students' ability to apply knowledge in the process of education. However, in the course of ancient literature, colleges and universities should always aim at inheriting excellent culture. Colleges and universities in ancient literature education should not only satisfy the education of students at the level of knowledge, but also carry out necessary humanistic education for students, and treat ancient literature teaching from the perspective of culture. The use of Ancient Literature Teaching in Colleges and universities in China can not only cultivate students' patriotism, but also effectively enhance students' aesthetic ability, so that students can have confidence in our national culture. At present, there are still some problems in the teaching of ancient literature in Colleges and universities. In the era of vigorously promoting educational reform in China, the reform of Ancient Literature Teaching in Colleges and universities is also urgent. Colleges and universities in our country should constantly improve students' cultural literacy by defining the teaching objectives of ancient literature, enriching teaching contents by using modern science and technology, and revealing the significance of ancient literature in modern times, so as to promote students to consciously and actively learn ancient culture.


The vulnerability of SQL injection allows attackers to directly flow commands into the database of the underlying web application and destroy their functions or confidentiality. In recent times it has gone from threatening the front ends of the web application to exploiting vulnerabilities in the back-end scheme of this database. In this study, we proposed a model to prevent different SQL injections for web-based multi-tier architecture. The model exhibits its efficiency by the tracking of different SQL injections and the performance result illustrates its applicability.


At present time, in Argentina as well as in many other countries, the electric companies (utilities) shall follows strict regulations regarding Power Quality, specifically with respect to quality of the technical service (continuity), being penalized thought economic sanctions in the event of regulations non-fulfillment. Such penalties, for our case, are related with the number and duration of the interruptions, for what the companies determine their protective device settings in order to minimize the amounts of those mentioned penalties. One of the usually taken measures is the delay in the operation of the protective device (relay) in order to allow the full operation of the down stream devices with reclosing capabilities (reclosers), reducing in that way the area that would come out without of electric service in the event of a definitive opening. Such a measure is counteractive for those users that possess sensitive equipment (SE), equipment highly prone to be affected by voltage sags or short interruptions. In presence of circuit faults, the delay in intervention of the protection makes that the fault currents remain more time circulating, generating voltage sags of longer duration, increasing the possibility of affecting the SE. On the other hand, voltage sags that at the present time represent around 75% of the customers' complaint calls, is not yet included in the current Argentinean Power Quality regulations. Cases are described where such a situation gave reason to considerable disputes between customers and electric utilities, until an acceptable solution was reached for both sectors, being described the adopted corrective measures.


Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of Streptococcus mutans of tea tree ingredient. Methods: The experimental groups were each given with different concentrations (30 or 50 vol%) of tea tree prepared in saline solution. The control group applied only saline solution. The tea tree coating of the specimen were examined under a scanning electron microscope. For the antibacterial activity test of the tea tree, the contact angle of the tea treecoated specimen's surface was analyzed. The antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans was determined by counting the colony forming units (CFU). The statical statics were evaluated by using one-way ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: The tea tree treated group of hydrophilic more than non treated group. Antibacterial experiments demonstrated that tee tree solution was effective against Streptococcus mutans. However there was no significant difference in depending solution concentration groups. Conclusions: The antimicrobial activity of the tea tree containing solution showed its potential for use as coating for denture and medical materials.


We name below the 117 reviewers upon whom we relied to help us determine which of the 294 papers submitted in 2013 (along with some submitted earlier) would be among the 41 papers JPHP would publish in calendar year 2013. We thank these reviewers profusely, as finding willing reviewers remains the single most challenging task among our editorial responsibilities. Several reviewers helped us on several papers – or on more than one draft of the same paper – and we thank you especially (Berkelman, Cohen, Daynard, Grose, Hyde, Jacobson, Jernigan, Laurent, Livingston, Martinez Valle, Maya-Jariego, McLaughlin, Muntaner, Naumova, O'Campo, Petit, Richter, Schiff, Schmidt, Siegel, Todorova, Widdus, Wolde-Yohannes and Wu). Several more are continuing to review revisions that will appear in our 2014 statistics. During calendar 2013, authors from 43 countries submitted 294 papers. Forty per cent of submissions arrived at JPHP from North America (United States 40 per cent, Canada 7 per cent). The next largest set of submissions came from India (6 per cent) and China (5 per cent). Switzerland (4 per cent) and the United Kingdom (3 per cent) were followed by Australia and Saudi Arabia; they each submitted about 2 per cent. The remaining countries account for the remaining 31 per cent of submissions: Albania, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Brazil, Cyprus, Denmark, El Salvador, France, Germany, Guyana, Hong Kong, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Republic of Korea (South), Lebanon, Macedonia, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Qatar, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, and United Arab Emirates.


Jiaodong Mesozoic gold deposit within the formation of many types,are widely distributed.Article from the perspective of ore-forming system components to the type of gold deposit,occurrence,distribution characteristics,such as forming the basis of depth,combined with the Mesozoic regional tectonic setting,structural evolution,focusing on the Shandong gold mineralization sources,mineralization,mineralization period transformation.Shandong Gold Mining pool is the root cause of the formation of Mesozoic tectonic regime on the transition region,the Mesozoic tectonic regime transformation is one of the manifestations.Various types of gold deposits in the context of a unified structure,ore-forming fluids rise along the channel structure formed by a variety of hydrothermal deposits,deposit distribution from lithology,and tectonic activity and is closely related to the same period.Earth differentiation in the early formation of the early Mesozoic lower crust has a high degree of value Jinfeng ancient Archean and Proterozoic continental nucleus is Jiaodong ancient continental crust material basis of gold mineralization(ore source rocks).Ore-forming process because of the crust,mantle interaction leads to forming fluid component complex,diverse sources.Jiaodong future gold exploration,and has broad prospects,future exploration should be guided by the theory,efforts to expand the exploration of patterns and types of mineral deposits.


Dr. Vladimir V. Popik, Advisor The natural enediynes are the most potent antitumor-pharmacophores ever discovered. The high biological activity of these antineoplastic agents is due to a (Z)-3-ene-1,5-diyne moiety that undergoes Bergman cycloaromatization when activated chemically or photochemically. The clinical application of enediynes is limited because of their modest selectivity for cancer cells. Numerous approaches have been developed to increase selectivity and to control reactivity of enediyne antibiotics. However, in spite of intensive research over the past decade, a safe enediyne-based drug has yet to be developed. To address the issue of selectivity we have explored the approach of controlling reactivity of natural enediynes using methods of photodynamic therapy. There are several ways of generating reactive 9or 10-membered cyclic enediynes. One is to start with a stable 11-membered enediyne and photochemically initiate ring contraction. This can be achieved via photo-Wolff reaction of α-diazocarbonyl-incorporated cyclic enediynes. Another method is to generate one or both triple bonds of the enediyne framework in situ. Photodecarbonylation of a cyclopropenone-incorporated 10-membered cyclic enediyneprecursor is a suitable reaction for this approach. In photo-triggering of either of these photoreactions one must consider the depth or light penetration into mammalian tissues and the cytotoxic effects of UV-Vis light. The greatest depth of light penetration into human soft tissues is achieved in the region of the so called "phototherapeutic window" extending between 650 and 950 nm. Luckily this range corresponds to the region of lowest light cytotoxicity. However, there is no spectral overlap between linear absorption of photoreactive substrate and NIR light. In order to photolytically trigger photoreaction one must use NIR light of high flux. The feasibility of two-photon induced photo-Wolff reaction was proven using 800 nm light of a Ti:sapphire laser reacting with diazonaphthoquinone 2.14.


Cracks in concrete bridge on the types and causes of a more comprehensive analysis was made to sum up,in order to facilitate the design,construction to find a feasible way to control the cracks to reach the purpose of preventive measures.


ABSTRACT Human error analysis is certainly a challenge today for all involved in safety and environmental risk assessment. The risk assessment process should not ignore the role of humans in accidental events and the consequences that may derive from human error. This article presents a case study of the Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM) applied to the Electric Power Company of Serbia (EPCS), with the aim to disclose the importance of human error analysis in risk assessment. A database on work-related injuries, accidents, and critical interventions that occurred over a 10-year period in the EPCS provided the basis for this study. The research comprised analysis of 1074 workplaces, with a total of 3997 employees. A detailed analysis identified 10 typical human errors, performance shaping factors (PSFs), and estimated human error probability (HEP). Based on the obtained research results one can conclude that PSF control remains crucial for human error reduction, and thus prevention of occupational injuries and fatalities (the number of injuries decreased from 58 in 2012 to 44 in 2013, no fatalities recorded). Furthermore, the case study performed at the EPCS confirmed that the SLIM is highly applicable for quantification of human errors, comprehensive, and easy to perform.


Thie paper proposed the mersurment of enhance construction qulity of consolidate the soft soil by cemence powder spread pile according to the demands of engineering geology and design and key construction technics, stressed the aim of quality controled.


Abstract On the Way Towards a Practical Theology of Voluntary Pastoral Care: An Outline. In the past and even in present-day textbooks a comprehensive theological theory of pastoral care provided by volunteers has not been developed. The article presents a preliminary typology of three basic types of this phenomenon.


[Objective]The present study was an attempt to analyze the development patterns of low-carbon agriculture and its achievements in order to sustain its development in Guangxi. [Method]Related literature was collected and field investigations were carried out to analyze the concept, connotation and significance of low-carbon agriculture and to summarize the development patterns of low-carbon agriculture and its achievements in Guangxi. After analysis, the main findings were summarized and some development strategies were put forward. [Result]The main development patterns of low-carbon agriculture in Guangxi were as follows: three-dimensional ecological cycle mode, green plant protection safe mode, scientific fertilizer saving and emission reduction mode, effective water-saving irrigation mode, no-tillage farming and energy saving mode, renewable energy alternative mode and waste recycling mode. The seven development patterns have brought obvious economic and social benefits. [Suggestion]In order to promote the further development of low-carbon agriculture in Guangxi, the following strategies were recommended: expanding consciousness about low-carbon agriculture, enhancing investments, establishment and application of attractive policies, diversification of developing patterns, strengthening innovative technologies, augmenting training, support and advertisement, etc.


We specify the frontier of decidability for fragments of the firstorder theory of ordinal multiplication. We give a NEXPTIME lower bound for the complexity of the existential fragment of 〈ωωλ ;×, ω, ω+ 1, ω + 1〉 for every ordinal λ. Moreover, we prove (by reduction from Hilbert Tenth Problem) that the ∃∗∀6-fragment of 〈ωωλ ;×〉 is undecidable for every ordinal λ.


Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles is under exploration due to its wide medical applications and various research interests in nanotechnology. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to copper Nanoparticles is prepared by using a medicinally plant Andrographicpaniculata (Family: Acanthaceae). Copper sulphate (CuSO4) was used to synthesis the copper Nanoparticles by using leaf extract of Andrographic paniculata.The structural characterization of synthesized Nanoparticles was carried out using X-RD and SEM. The optical characterization was carried out using UV – Vis analysis. The SEM results show that the copper Nanoparticles are spherical shape.The results showed that the leaf extract is optimum for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and it is also known to have the ability to inhibit the growth of various pathogenic microorganisms. The synthesized copper Nanoparticles can be used for various applications due to its eco–friendly, non-toxic and compatibility for pharmaceutical and other applications.


Quantitative analysis of the flavor components of Jiujiang soybean-flavor liquor was carried out.Different pretreatment methods were adopted and various advanced analytic apparatus was applied to establish a new quantitative analytic method.Previous quantitative analysis could only analyze 66 kinds of flavoring compounds,however,present quantitative analysis could analyze more than 100 kinds of flavoring compounds.Meanwhile,some accomplishements had also been achieved in the qualitative analysis and the research on aroma-producing compounds of Jiujiang soybean-flavor liquor.


We argue that, owing to the conspicuous failure of Washington Consensus-guided reforms in most parts of the developing world in the 1990s and the outbreak of the current global financial crisis, the Washington Consensus, as a general term of neoliberal free market economic thinking, has been withering. In the meantime, the Chinese economic model has gained wide recognition and praise worldwide. Joshua C. Ramo coined the term 'Beijing Consensus' as an alternative approach to economic development for developing nations. There has been hot debate on the notion of a Beijing Consensus. We argue that even though there are some problems in Ramo's original definition of Beijing Consensus, we should not reject this notion altogether. Instead, we should try to come up with better conceptualizations of this term. In this paper, we sum up 10 general principles of the Chinese development model as our new definition of the Beijing Consensus.


Recently, research into the intersection of computer games and technical writing has been increasing, with more conference presentations and publications interrogating communication within the comp...


Latent variable models for binary data represent a useful tool in differentfields of research in which the constructs of interest are not directly observable, sothat one or more latent variables are required to reduce the complexity of the data.One problem related to these models is that the integrals involved in the maximiza-tion of the likelihood function are not solvable analytically. In the literature, one ofthe most common way to solve this problem is represented by techniques based onnumerical integration. However, generally they present computational burden thatincreases as the number of latent variable increases.The aim of this study is to propose an alternative approach based on a reductionin the dimensionality of the integrals involved in the computations with significantcomputational savings. This approach is based on a fundamental theorem by [3]and consists of reducing the dimensionality of the integrals involved in the compu-tations.


AIMS: Most Heath-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) questionnaires specific to HIV/AIDS, used in clinical research, were developed when HIV was a deadly disease. They do not adequately measure the impact of the disease and its treatment on People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWA) anymore. Relevant domains important for PLWA are missing such as sleep, perception about treatment, impact of side effects, lipodystrophy. The assessment of psycho-social impact needs to be improved. The objective is to develop a new Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) questionnaire to measure the HRQL of PLWA in different countries and cultures, using an item bank developed with patients.

METHODS: The conceptual framework was identified on the basis of patients_ interviews exploring the multidimensionality of PLWA_s HRQL. To be able to capture the cultural differences in patients_ perceptions, the interviews were held in the five continents: Africa (Senegal), America (Brazil, USA), Australia, Asia (Thailand, China, Cambodia, India) and Europe (France). All interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated into English or French.

RESULTS: 148 patients were interviewed (47 % women). We identified the PRO concepts to be measured. An endpoint model was designed to explain the relations between different PROs: health status, symptoms, side effects and the different domains of HRQL. Cultural differences were identified for some domains, e.g. daily activities, stigma, relations with family and friends. Using the patients_ verbatim, 300 items were generated in French and in English and organized into a 24-domain item bank. Item reduction to a 70-item questionnaire was done with experts.

CONCLUSIONS: A new PRO questionnaire to measure the HRQL of PLWA has been developed. The international development from a very early step will enable a better cultural relevance by improving the translatability of the source questionnaires (French and English) into the target languages. The new PRO HIV specific instrument is undergoing a psychometric validation in each of the 9 countries.


The role of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle remains controversial. To gain insight into the role of this mitochondrial protein, we sought to determine whether UCP3 uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in vivo, as suggested by the putative function of the homologue, UCP1. We hypothesized that, under resting conditions, the presence of UCP3 would correspond with a reduction in coupling. To test this we compared wild type mice with UCP3 knockout mice using non‐invasive methods for assessing in vivo resting metabolism, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy. During a bout of ischemia, the former provides a measure of the resting rate of ATP production while the latter provides a measure of the resting rate of oxygen consumption. Dividing the rate of ATP production by the rate of oxygen consumption provides a measure of coupling (P/O ratio). We found a significant increase in the P/O ratio in mice lacking UCP3 compared to wild type mice (2.81 +/‐ 0.34 for knockout and 2.00 +/‐ 0.18 for wild type). This difference appears to be due to an increase in resting mitochondrial ATP production in the absence of UCP3. Our results indicate that UCP3 plays a role in regulating coupling of oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle under resting conditions. This work was supported by NIH grants AG022385 and AG028455 and the Ellison Medical Foundation. Sample Data


Because cyclosporin A rapidly changes its distribution in blood with changes in temperature, sample preparation affects results for it as measured in plasma. If whole blood is stored at either 4 #{176}C or room temperature, results for cyclosporinA in the plasma are lowerthan in whole bloodstored at 37 #{176}C and centrifugedat thistemperature. Re-equilibration of the formerto 37 #{176}C beforecellsare removedincreasesthe analytical recoveryof cyclosporinA in plasma; the optimal equilibration interval is 30 mm. Use of such re-equilibration, followed by immediate centrifugation at room temperature, increases values obtained for cyclosporin in plasma by 60 to 65% over thosedeterminedafter non-temperature-standardized collection procedures, but does not significantly improve the correlationbetween values for plasma and whole blood. Hematocrit and concentrationsof cyclosporinA in plasma are inverselyrelated. Correctionfor hematocritimprovesthe correlationbetween resultsfor plasma and whole blood.


Abstract : In the preliminary phases of the project, job duties were extracted by the investigators from available written materials. These duties were incorporated into check lists, each of which was felt to encompass a specific recognizable area of performance. Each list was reviewed separately in accordance with the procedure previously developed for this purpose. Suggestions for revisions were recorded. (Author)


The two-dimensional computer model 'Hydro2de' is used to analyse flood flows for the Waihao River flood plain, Canterbury Plains, South Island, New Zealand. In the computer model the ground topography, based on a Digital Terrain Model, is described by a set of nodes on a grid and the flow direction is determined as part of the solution of the two-dimensional shallow water equations. The model flood levels, calculated for floods in March 1986 and March 1994, are compared with field data based on information, photographs and videos obtained from flood plain residents some years after the events. The results are also compared with maps of the extent of flooding prepared by the local authority after the events. The modelled flood levels calculated for the edge of the flows were close to observed levels, but calculated levels in the centre of the water flow were low because the flood plain model did not include details such as buildings and fences.


The establishment and development of American Land-grant Colleges has led to the enhance of the function of social service of the institutions of higher education,and made great contribution to the development of the world higher education.The characteristic of American land-grant colleges is that practical technology is especially stressed,which resulted the combination of teaching,research and social service.This feature and the investment of the government are valuable example for the development of the higher vocational education in China.


The construction of energetically autonomous artificial protocells is one of the most urgent and challenging requirements in bottom-up synthetic biology. Here we show a hybrid multi-compartment approach to build Artificial Simplified-Autotroph Protocells (ASAPs) in an effective manner. Chromatophores obtained from Rhodobacter sphaeroides accomplish the photophosphorylation of ADP to ATP functioning as nanosized photosynthetic organellae when encapsulated inside artificial giant phospholipid vesicles. Under continuous illumination chromatophores produce ATP that in turn sustains the transcription of a DNA gene by T7 RNA polymerase inside ASAPs. Cryo-EM and time-resolved spectroscopy were used for characterizing the chromatophore morphology and the orientation of the photophosphorylation proteins, which allow high ATP production rates (up to ~100 ATP/s per ATP synthase). mRNA biosynthesis inside individual vesicles has been determined by confocal microscopy. The hybrid multi-compartment approach here proposed appears at the same time convenient and effective, and thus very promising for the construction of full-fledged artificial protocells.


While sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) improvement has generally been done by field-based selection, molecular genetic studies on traits of interest, i.e., molecular markers are needed for enhancing the breeding program of this world's 7th most important crop, as such markers facilitate marker-assisted selection. Here, we performed a combined approach of QTLs analyses and GWAS of storage root β-carotene content (BC), dry-matter (DM) and starch content (SC) using the genetic linkage maps constructed with 5,952 and 5,640 SNPs obtained from F1 progenies between cultivars 'J-Red' and 'Choshu'. BC was negatively correlated with DM (r = –0.45) and SC (r = –0.51), while DM was positively correlated with SC (r = 0.94). In both parental maps, a total of five, two and five QTL regions on linkage groups 7 and 8 were associated with BC, DM and SC, respectively. In GWAS of BC, one strong signal (P = 1.04 × 10–9) was observed on linkage group 8, which co-located with one of the above QTL regions. The SNPs markers found here, particularly for β-carotene, would be useful base resources for future marker-assisted selection program with this trait.


With China entering a new stage of its peaceful rise, how the latest changes in its international strategy may be evaluated becomes an increasingly important question. Existing discussion on the question is problematic and misleading, either paying overwhelming attention to the technical issues such as the logical consistency of the means and the ends of China's foreign policy or emphasizing the unique Sino-centric logic of action adopted by China in its engagement with the world. However interesting these studies may appear, they fail to integrate the two most important factors regarding China's international strategy: the strategic target(s) and the practices. This article attempts to address concerns about China's changing international strategy by investigating these two factors. It firstly traces the evolution of China's strategic target since 1949, suggesting that it is changing from a single-faceted one as being materially strong to a multi-faceted one with increasing efforts to be socially good. This change represents China's changing identity from an outsider of the Western-dominated international society to an active participant in an international society witnessing the decline of the West and the rise of the Rest. Subsequently, the article briefly examines China's interaction with other international agents in the second decade of the 21st century, ranging from the United States being the hegemon to Japan being a regional competitor, and to smaller neighboring Southeast Asian countries. It concludes that China's international strategy is at the cross roads of being materially strong or being socially good, or both — each scenario has indicators in China's international practices under Xi Jinping's administration. With ever closer engagement and mutual construction between China and the international society, each side should provide sufficient dynamics for the other to improve its degree of legitimacy in the future.


Thermodynamic properties of mixtures play a crucial role in the design of chemical separation equipments. The objective was to determine the enthalpy of mixing and vaporization of binary mixture (Ethyl acetate – 2-Butyl alcohol and Methyl acetate – Methyl alcohol) at ambient pressure. The experiments were carried out in two phases. Initially, enthalpy of mixing was measured at 298 and 308 K, and later, the heat of vaporization was conducted for the same mixtures. The enthalpy of mixing was measured by static calorimetric method using cylindrical Dewar flask at varied composition. The mixing enthalpies of Methyl acetate – Methyl alcohol are positive over entire composition with an average percentage deviation of –0.032 and –0.01 at 298 and 308 K. Ethyl acetate – 2-Butyl alcohol are also positive over the entire composition with an average percentage deviation of –0.025 and –0.003 at 298 and 308 K. Furthermore, the heat of vaporization was measured by evaporative method using a flow calorimeter. In this phase, the average percentage deviation of Methyl acetate – Methyl alcohol is –0.056 and Ethyl acetate – 2-Butyl alcohol is 1.06. The experimental results can be used to define the thermodynamic property of binary mixtures and to analyze intermolecular interaction. The data can be used in design calculation of chemical separation equipments.


Obesity (leptin deficiency) is associated with elevated monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) specifically palmitoleate (C16:1) and oleate (C18:1) in tissue neutral lipids. Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5), an innate immune receptor for bacterial flagellin is required for gut microbiota homeostasis. Accordingly, mice lacking TLR5 (TLR5KO) develop spontaneous low‐grade gut inflammation and metabolic syndrome, which are microbiota dependent. Here, we examined whether metabolic syndrome in TLR5KO mice is associated with elevated MUFA levels. We analyzed fatty acid composition of total lipid (TL), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol esters (CE) and phospholipid (PL) fractions of the tissue lipids in age and gender matched TLR5KO and their WT littermates. We also analyzed MUFA levels in high‐fat fed, TLR2 or 4 deficient TLR5KO, calorie restricted, microbiota ablated, germ‐free (GF) and conventionalized GF‐WT mice transplanted with either WT or TLR5KO microbiota. TLR5KO mice displayed elevated hepatic TG and CE and substantially elevated C18:1 in TL, TG and CE but not in PL when compared to WT mice. Interestingly, in TLR5KO mice C16:1 levels were comparable to WT mice. Such elevated C18:1 was restricted to hepatic lipids and not in serum and adipose tissue lipids. The elevated C18:1 was also observed in high fat fed and calorie restricted TLR5KO mice. In addition, deletion of TLR2/4 did not prevent accumulation of C18:1 in TLR5KO mice hepatic lipids. However, in microbiota‐ablated (via antibiotics) as well as GF TLR5KO mice, C18:1 levels were comparable to WT mice. Finally, the pronounced C18:1 accumulation in hepatic lipids was recapitulated in GF‐WT mice transplanted with microbiota from TLR5KO mice than WT microbiota recipients. Collectively, these data demonstrate that gut microbiota dysbiosis in TLR5KO mice drives hepatic lipogenesis probably via generating precursors for MUFA (short chain fatty acids) that may result in hepatic insulin resistance finally culminating into metabolic syndrome.


HW02 is a novel herbicide which is discovered by Central China Normal University. With bioassay methods in the greenhouse and field for many years, evaluated results showed that HW02 can effectively control most of the annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and sedge, and that HW02 has also good herbicidal activity for controlling the annual grasses in the maize, wheat, orchard and turf. Here we evaluated perfectly HW02 herbicidal activity in greenhouse test.


The traditional tension control method of rolling mill's coiler is improved,thereby the response speed,control accuracy and stability of tension control is improved,so that the product quality of rolled products are guaranteed.


This is a corpus-based study focusing on the discourse of a group of Brazilian undergraduate students from the Liberal Arts course at the Federal University of Sao Joao del-Rei in Brazil. The participants are teaching in an extension programme in which low income elementary students aging from 11 to 14 years old have free English classes. We aim to establish a methodological network for teachers who are initiating their teaching career where   resources are scarce or inexistent. Following studies carried out by Clandin & Connelly (2000) on narrative studies and corpus-based studies on discourse communities (Vaughn 2007), one of the main aims of this research is to identify teachers' perceptions of what is seen as relevant in the teaching of English as a foreign language and how teaching methodologies/techniques are put into practice considering the teaching context faced by this group of novice teachers. In addition, the research offers interesting insights into what is seen as relevant by a specific group of teachers facing unfavourable teaching situations together to what is gained when teaching techniques are shared and discussed in a collaborative way. References: CLANDININ, J. D.; CONNELLY, M. F. Narrative inquiry :experience and story in qualitative research . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 2000. VAUGHAN, E. I think we should accept …our horrible lowly status: analyzing teacher talk within the context of community of practice. Language awareness journal ,v. 16,n.3, p. 173-190,2007.


We read with interest the comments by Borhani-Haghighi and Safari, which corroborate the particular character of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in Behcet's disease (BD). The physiopathology of CVT in BD was beyond the scope of this article. However, we took your suggestion and reviewed in all the included studies the presence of venous infarction or intracranial hemorrhages, including hemorrhagic transformation. This information is presented in Table 1. As Borhani-Haghighi and Safari suspected these intracerebral lesions are absent in most of the cases of CVT in BD. The high frequency of extra-neurologic vascular events in patients with BD and CVT has been repeatedly highlighted, favoring the ''vasculo-Behcet'' hypothesis. Tunc et al. [1], and Wechsler et al. [2] found this association in 64% of patients with CVT, but only in 36% without CVT. Likewise, Al-Fahad and Al-Araji [3] reported that 55% patients who presented with intracranial hypertension (IH) had other venous thromboses, but this occurred only in 14% of patients with other neurological manifestations. This association was also referred to by Saadoun et al. [4]. However, this author also found that prothrombotic risk factors were present in one-third of patients with CVT and in most (56%) of those relapsing. The odds of thrombosis relapse was higher in those patients with a prothrombotic


This paper analyzes on the differences between the E-reading room of the library and the Internet bar, probes into the reasons why the E-reading room is similar to the Internet bar, and expounds how the E-reading room to play its proper role.


Shock incarceration facilities, or boot camp prisons, for young adults are being developed in city, county, state, and federal jurisdictions. This report focuses on one state's program. Two key components of this boot camp program include substance abuse education and a therapeutic approach which seeks to support successful reintegration of inmates into the community. The program emphasizes treatment as a means of promoting public safety. It seeks to build character, instill responsibility, and promote a positive self-image so that nonviolent offenders can return to society as law-abiding citizens. Discussed here are the eligibility and selection criteria for the program, staff training, phase one of the program (incarceration) and phase two (intensive community supervision), and outcomes. Evaluations of the program have reached several conclusions: (1) the program saves the state money by reducing expenditures for care and custody and by avoiding new prison construction; (2) shock incarceration graduates increase their reading and math scores by about one grade level during their 6 month confinement; and (3) return to prison rates for program graduates were lower than those who would have been eligible for the program but who did not enter shock treatment or who dropped out. Caveats about the conclusions are offered. (RJM) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice


Protocol of Intent between the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Government of the Republic of Cameroon on technical cooperation in the field of public health. Yaounde, 11 April 2005


Library of Local Institute,as the largest of the information center for teaching and research services at the same time,is actively exploring for local economic construction and information consulting services.First,this paper places the general characteristics of Local Institute-libraries.Then,analyzes on the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of developing the information consulting service with SWOT method by Guangxi University of Technology Library,and advances some countermeasures for developing this service.


The high-temperature resistance of a phenolic molding compound based on a phenolic resin reinforced with glass fiber was studied. Its heat deflection temperature was 272 ℃. TGA determination showed the weight loss on 401 ℃ was only 5 %. After heating a good appearance was retained.


LLCP - the acronym covers the Learning Latin Computer Package and the Learning Latin Computer Project - started as a Computers in Teaching Initiative project under my direction in April 1986. Its aim was to create PC software to support Latin parsing and metaphrasing exercises based on the course book Learning Latin: an Introductory Course for Adults by John Randall et al, which was published to coincide with the project. Learning Latin is unique among Latin courses in a number of ways: it uses only real Latin, that is, Latin by classical Latin-speaking authors, it is in essence intelligence-based rather than rote-memory based, and it was designed to lead to computer assistance. Learning Latin is aimed primarily at beginners; but it can and does function also as a rapid revision course for students who have already studied and gained qualifications in Latin al secondary or high school.


Aiming at the problem that precision decrease of parameter measurements in the airborne radar and IRST cooperative location system lead to low location accuracy under the interference condition, an optimization algorithm of cooperative location based on ridge regression is discussed. According to the data optimization principle, two sets of measurements from the angle observation of ridge and infrared are selected by the principle of selecting the data. Using ridge regression for biased estimation, solves the ill-posed problem of positioning equation. And the target position estimation and position error covariance matrix is calculated, so GDOP model of fusion location algorithmic is constructed through using weighted least square algorithm and improving weighted coefficient matrix. Simulation analysis shows that this method significantly can improve the location accuracy of the whole detection area by using a combination of the radar's spare information and IRST's under the minimum variance of parameter estimation. The problem of low location accuracy by using single angle measuring subset is solved and a new working mode is discussed that sensors' cooperative detection in complex electromagnetic environment.


Tokes gives detailed accounts of the so-called National Roundtable negotiations between the communists and representatives of the opposition. These negotiations led to the revision of the 1949 communist constitution and eventually to free, multiparty parliamentary elections in March and April 1990. In the last two chapters, the author describes how the various dissident groups coalesced into political parties, how former political parties reemerged, and how new parties were formed. In conclusion, although critical of some of the policies of the newly elected coalition government, T8kes is encouraged by the emergence of a democratic Hungary. This scholarly assessment of Hungary's transition from an authoritarian one-party ruled state to a democratically elected multiparty parliamentary democracy is recommended to scholars, politicians, students, and the general public interested in studying the internal contradictions within a former communist country, contention between elites for control, a case study of peaceful conflict resolution, and, of course, Hungary's struggle for national independence from foreign domination.


We present archival high-resolution X-ray imaging observations of 25 nearby LINERs observed by ACIS on board Chandra. This sample builds on our previously published proprietary and archival X-ray observations and includes the complete set of LINERs with published black hole masses and FIR luminosities that have been observed by Chandra. Of the 82 LINERs observed by Chandra, 41 (50%) display hard nuclear cores consistent with an AGN. The nuclear 2-10 keV luminosities of these AGN-LINERs range from ~2 × 1038 to ~1 × 1044 ergs s-1. Reinforcing our previous work, we find a significant correlation between the Eddington ratio, Lbol/LEdd, and the FIR luminosity, LFIR, as well as the IR brightness ratio, LFIR/LB, in the host galaxy of AGN-LINERs that extends over 7 orders of magnitude in Lbol/LEdd. Combining our AGN-LINER sample with galaxies from other AGN subclasses, we find that this correlation is reinforced in a sample of 129 AGNs, extending over almost 9 orders of magnitude in Lbol/LEdd. Using archival and previously published observations of the 6.2 μm PAH feature from ISO, we find that it is unlikely that dust heating by the AGN dominates the FIR luminosity in our sample of AGNs. Our results may therefore imply a fundamental link between the mass accretion rate (), as measured by the Eddington ratio, and the star formation rate (SFR), as measured by the FIR luminosity. Apart from the overall correlation, we find that the different AGN subclasses occupy distinct regions in the LFIR and Lbol/LEdd plane. Assuming a constant radiative efficiency for accretion, our results may imply a variation in the SFR/ ratio as a function of AGN activity level, a result that may have significant consequences for our understanding of galaxy formation and black hole growth.


To the Editor: I refer to the article, "The Focused Abdominal Sonography for Trauma Scan: Pearls and Pitfalls"1 by McGahan and colleagues, and thank the authors for a thorough and informative review. Their discussion on the "comet tail artifact" as a sonographic sign in the diagnosis of pneumothorax warrants further elaboration and clarification. The authors mention that it is possible to diagnose pneumothoraces on the basis of sonography by noting the comet tail that originates from the pneumothorax. However, other researchers have reported instead that it is the absence of the comet tail artifact that supports the diagnosis of pneumothorax.2–7 Perhaps the discrepancy can be clarified by properly defining the term comet tail artifact. The technique of detecting a pneumothorax by sonography involves longitudinal scanning of the anterior chest wall over the third or fourth intercostal space with the patient in the supine position. The pleural line is a hyperechoic line located between and below 2 ribs. Comet tail artifacts are hyperechoic reverberation artifacts arising from the pleural line and spreading down toward the lower edge of the screen and are most frequently normal findings.2–7 Lichtenstein and colleagues3 have described various other contrasting types of sonographic artifacts arising from the pleural line, and their descriptive terms include "horizontal artifacts," "sparse comet-tail artifacts," and "disseminated comet-tail artifacts." Parietal emphysema can generate comet tail artifacts, which will be located above the pleural line. Interstitial lung disease may also give rise to comet tail artifacts, characteristically arising from the lung surface.4 The comet tail artifact in which sonographers are most interested strictly arises from the pleural line and spreads to the edge of the screen. Properly defined, the presence of this sign allows exclusion (not diagnosis) of a pneumothorax with high accuracy.


In this paper, a new spiking neural network architecture based Ellias Grossberg model is proposed and different connection schemes that investigate the synchronization performance is provided. The synchronization time and the network neurons correlation are used as a measure of the network performance. An example of a pattern recognition problem is used to illustrate the proposed connection schemes. Results on the English character recognition are presented. Any of the proposed connection schemes may be used to design artificial neural networks for scene segmentation, figure ground segregation and object recognition.


Background: Use of robotic devices in rehabilitation is nowadays commonplace, but the clinical significance of the robot-generated outcome measures is still unknown. The first part of the present study aims to identify the relationship between clinical outcome measures and robotic outcome measures for the upper extremity in PwMS. The second part researches the effect of a training intervention with a robotic device, the Haptic Master (HM). Methods: Data were used from 3 previous experiments in PwMS: 1) a pilot RCT researching robotsupported upper limb training in a virtual learning environment [11], 2) researched fatigue of shoulder muscles during repetitive robot-based training [12] 3) researched if robot-assisted I-TRAVLE training improves arm function. [13] The first part of the present study consists of a cross-sectional analysis including 19 PwMS, using the first two experiments. Robot-generated parameters were obtained using the evaluation software embedded in the Haptic Master. Motricity Index (MI), Brunnstrom Fugl-Meyer (BFM), Jamar handheld dynamometer, Action Research Arm Test (ARAt) and Motor Activity Log (MAL) clinical outcome measures were used. Calculations were performed using Pearson productmoment correlation coefficient. The second part consists of an effect study using data from the first and third experiment. Analyses were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Patient characteristics of the first and second experiment were significantly different. The first and third experiments were comparable at both evaluation moments. Correlation analyses of the first experiment and pooled dataset showed little significant results. Results were mainly visible for ROM in all three directions. The second experiment showed no significant correlations at all. Effects of intervention were found for ROM and movement duration during transporting in both experiments, and for speed in the first experiment only. Reaching skill component showed only trends towards significance in the first experiment and no significant results in the third. Both experiments showed a significant change in movement duration and a trend towards significance for speed during lifting. Conclusion: Robot-generated range of motion was found to be a fair indicator of upper limb function when compared with five clinical tests. Main effects of robot-assisted training were found in movement duration and speed.


Nyagrodh, Udumber, Ashvath, Paarish and Plaksha are panchkshiri vruksha also known as Panchvalkal. Nyagrodh or Vata is one of the panchkshri vruksha known as the National tree of India and due to its religious importance it can be easily identified by a common man. It works as anti-inflammatory drug having properties of healing and coagulation. Present review of Nyagrodh includes its importance in Indian Culture, geographical distribution, ecology, ornamental value, morphology, Taxonomical classification and Ayurvedic perspective includes list of various Nighantus along with the Varga in which Nyogrodh is included, vernacular names, synonyms, classification, pharmacological properties, chemical composition, mode of action, parts used, indications and few Ayurvedic formulations containing Nyagrodh as an ingredient.


Abstract Although there is extensive research in the early detection of autism, no study has compared the adaptive behaviour of young children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and children with autism across ages. We investigated the cross-sectional development of adaptive behaviour in children with FXS and children with autism between 18 and 83 months of age. Analyses revealed a significant relationship between age and adaptive behaviour standard scores for children with FXS, with decreased performance across ages. Analyses also revealed that children with FXS had a relatively flat performance across domains, while children with autism are typically more variable with lower scores in the communication domain relative to other domains. Delays in adaptive behaviour were evident for children with FXS and children with autism at 24 months of age as reported in previous literature. Implications and future directions are discussed.


It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate that the concept of a 'universal' figure of merit for thermal shock has no merit since the ability of an IR dome to survive transient thermal stresses depends not only on intrinsic material properties but also on the thermal environment as characterized by the Biot number (Bi). For this reason, the thickness of the dome plays an essential role because it may have an impact on the heat-flow regime (thermally thick or thermally thin) and, therefore, on peak thermal stresses. Furthermore, in a thermally thin regime (Bi < 1), the resistance to thermal shock will be enhanced by making the dome as thin as possible, that is, as determined by structural requirements, which are not reflected in the derivation of the Hasselman parameters. The procedure outlined in this paper provides a direct measure of the thermal shock resistance (TSR) in the sense that it yields the 'ultimate' thermal shock temperature, i.e., the allowable recovery temperature rise above the wall temperature at the onset of the shock.


There was a space stress analysis by ANSYS and Saint-Venant's principle for Yongding New River extra-large bridge including its zero block roof, bottom, web and diaphragm. The accurate stress distribution rule of zero block was gained by the analysis, which was dominated with compressive stress and tensile stress appeared partly. Meanwhile, the tensile stress was not large but over the concrete tensile design strength.


Backgrounds and purpose: To analyse the periprocedural CAS complications in patients with concomitant coronary disease. Material and methods: A prospective study analysed the frequency and characteristics of periprocedural complications after CAS in 329 patients, of whom 62.2% had symptomatic carotid stenosis > 50% and 37.8% had asymptomatic > 70%. The mean age was 70.2 (45-88) years, male/female ratio – 253/76. The degree of carotid stenosis was assessed angiographically according to NASCET criteria and was stratified by a newly proposed carotid score in three risk groups. Distal embolic protection was used in all patients. Results: Periprocedural complications were observed in 25/349 CAS interventions: TIA – 4.9%, major stroke – 0.6%, minor stroke – 1.4%, hyperperfusion syndrome – 0.3%. No MI and death were registered. Out of more than 20 factors analysed, previous MI (χ2 = 7,707; p = 0.021) and stroke (χ2 = 9,835, p = 0.043), "slow flow" (χ2 = 3.752; p = 0.001), residual stenosis> 20% (χ2 = 13.752; p = 0.001), radiation time (F = 13.323; p = 0.000), the amount of contrast used (F = 5.297; p = 0.006), contrast- induced OBN (χ2 = 25.845; p = 0.000), females with CKD (χ2 = 8.681; p = 0.013) or with a high carotid score (χ2 = 7.329; p = 0.026) were found to be predictors of complications. Conclusion: CAS is a safe procedure with low risk of MI and death in patients with concomitant coronary disease.


When magnetic cores with a square hysteresis loop are used for a time delay Crcuit or a pulse counter circuit, and if these circuits are designed by the use of the static hysteresis loop, the ac magnetization curve, or the control magnetization curve (CMC) which is the basic characteristic of a magnetic amplifier, there is apt to be a marked discrepancy between their design values and measured values. Since, in the flux control of magnetic cores used for a time delay circuit or a pulse counter circuit, the flux, contrary to the case with a magnetic amplifier, arrives at the negative saturation from the positive saturation by many intermittent signal voltages, a new characteristic quite different from CMC and other characteristics must be adopted as the standard of the design in this case. It was for this reason that instantaneous relation between the rate of flux change and the exciting current was examined in the case in which real flux resetting behaviors of a time delay circuit or a pulse counter circuit were taken into consideration, by using grain-oriented 50 per cent permalloy as the sample, with a view to obtaining core characteristics serviceable enough for exact design methods of a time delay circuit or a pulse counter circuit. Various useful results have been obtained as to: 1) how the correlation between rate of flux change d\Phi/dt and instantaneous values of exciting current i c changes in proportion to the flux values, 2) how the amount of reset flux \Delta\Phi_{r} will change according to the flux value \Phi and the rate of flux change d\Phi/dt , and 3) how the above-mentioned relations are connected to the tape thickness of the magnetic core. This paper reports the results of this investigation.


The paper presents the experimental results of strength and deformability of reinforced concrete slabs on yielding supports arranged along the perimeter under the dynamic loading. Crushable ring-shaped inserts deforming at the elastic, plastic and curing stages are considered as yielding supports. The displacement, velocity and acceleration are evaluated depending on the deformation stage of yielding supports. The high efficiency is shown for the use of yielding supports, which leads to a significant reduction in the structure displacement, strain, and stress.


In 1981, Alspach conjectured that the complete graph $ K_{n} $ could be decomposed into cycles of arbitrary lengths, provided that the obvious necessary conditions would hold. This conjecture was proved completely by Bryant, Horsley and Pettersson in 2014. Moreover, in 1983, Tarsi conjectured that the obvious necessary conditions for packing pairwise edge-disjoint paths of arbitrary lengths in the complete multigraphs were also sufficient. The conjecture was confirmed by Bryant in 2010. In this paper, we investigate an analogous problem as the decomposition of the complete uniform multi-hypergraph $ \mu K_{n}^{(k)} $ into Berge cycles and Berge paths of arbitrary given lengths. We show that for every integer $ \mu\geq 1 $, $ n\geq 108 $ and $ 3\leq k<n $, $ \mu K_{n}^{(k)} $ can be decomposed into Berge cycles and Berge paths of arbitrary lengths, provided that the obvious necessary conditions hold, thereby generalizing a result by K\"{u}hn and Osthus on the decomposition of $K_{n}^{(k)}$ into Hamilton Berge cycles. Furthermore, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for packing the cycles of arbitrary lengths in the complete multigraphs.


A new magneto-optical signal detection method employing both Kerr effect and optical dichroism is proposed. Be setting a wave plate between the polarization beam splitter and the disk, an elliptically polarized light is focused on the disk. By selecting a wave plate and its setting angle properly, and also by enhancement of Kerr ellipticity (epsilon) K of the recording materials, a higher carrier-to-noise ratio can be obtained.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation(RFA) in treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods From March 2004 to March 2006,137 patients with primary HCC underwent TACE alone(n=87) and TACE+RFA(n=50),respectively,after the interventional treatment,all patients periodically received CT reexaminations and alpha fetoprotein(AFP) measurement.The therapeutic efficacy,AFP level and survival rate between two groups were compared with each other.Results In TACE group the effective rate(CR+PR) was 34.5%,AFP decreasing amplitude was 54.2%,and 2 years survival rate was 43.7%.While in TACE+RFA group,the effective rate(CR+PR) was 70.0%,AFP decreasing amplitude was 78.0%,and 2 years survival rate was 62.0%,there were significant differences between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Combined application of TACE and RFA is significantly superior to TACE alone in treatment of primary HCC.


Cooperative communication is one of the latest techniques in wireless communication to form virtual antenna arrays. Cooperative communication is an alternative method for MIMO (Multiple input multiple output) system. This scheme assumes TDMA (Time division multiple access) channel accessing and divides the communication into two phases which includes direct transmission and retransmission by the relay terminal. A few cooperative diversity protocols ,for example fixed relaying, selection relaying and incremental relaying are used in order to perform different sorts of processing by the relay terminals, and combining at the destination terminals. Each diversity protocol exhibits its own unique performance. Fixed relaying can be further classified into amplify and forward (AF) relaying and decode and forward (DF) relaying. In AF , relay users amplifies the signal and retransmits it, and in the case of DF, the relay users decodes and retransmits the signal. The Selection relaying is performed by taking the fading coefficient into account. In this report, the recent works on incremental relaying protocol has been summarized. Incremental relaying is based on the feedback mechanism. In this scheme, relay users perform retransmission only if needed, based on the received SNR (Signal to noise ratio) or decoding error that occurs during direct transmission. It is used in cooperative communication in order to attain efficient use of degrees of freedom and to overcome bandwidth inefficiency. The authors have presented a number of protocols such as Incremental selection amplify and forward (ISAF), Joint incremental selection relaying (JISR), Fractional Incremental relaying (FIR), Selective Fractional Incremental relaying (SFIR) and Efficient Incremental relaying (EIR).


Laser light scattering is the technique of choice for noninvasively sizing particles in a fluid. The members of the Advanced Technology Development (ATD) project in laser light scattering at the NASA Lewis Research Center have invented, tested, and recently enhanced a simple and elegant way to extend the concentration range of this standard laboratory particle-sizing technique by several orders of magnitude. With this technique, particles from 3 nm to 3 mm can be measured in a solution. Recently, laser light scattering evolved to successfully size particles in both clear solutions and concentrated milky-white solutions. The enhanced technique uses the property of light that causes it to form tall interference patterns at right angles to the scattering plane (perpendicular to the laser beam) when it is scattered from a narrow laser beam. Such multiple-scattered light forms a broad fuzzy halo around the focused beam, which, in turn, forms short interference patterns. By placing two fiber optics on top of each other and perpendicular to the laser beam (see the drawing), and then cross-correlating the signals they produce, only the tall interference patterns formed by singly scattered light are detected. To restate this, unless the two fiber optics see the same interference pattern, the scattered light is not incorporated into the signal. With this technique, only singly scattered light is seen (multiple-scattered light is rejected) because only singly scattered light has an interference pattern tall enough to span both of the fiber-optic pickups. This technique is simple to use, easy to align, and works at any angle. Placing a vertical slit in front of the signal collection fibers enhanced this approach. The slit serves as an optical mask, and it significantly shortens the time needed to collect good data by selectively masking out much of the unwanted light before cross-correlation is applied.


This research paper is a concise comparison between the Java and the C/C++ programming languages with special consider to the functionality of each in networking applications. A brief overview of the origins of each language is given as foundation for this comparison. The features of each language are then analyzed with respect to three categories: ease of use, security, and efficiency.


The present invention discloses a flexible AMOLED display device and a preparation method as: A, the polyimide solution was coated on a substrate; B, the polyimide solution was coated by radiation curing film, and the substrate around the secondary radiation curable film using the mask plate; C, prepared using the high temperature process AMOLED devices without secondary radiation cured film; D, the encapsulating film is pasted on a substrate, the film and the encapsulating film bonded, form a device package structure; E, by cutting the release device and the flexible carrier substrate. The present invention combines the advantages of slit coating, and blade coating manner, improved film uniformity, film decrease pollution; using infrared radiation curing film, the film avoids the problem of residual stress. Further, the flexible substrate to enhance adhesion of the substrate to ensure that the four weeks AMOLED device preparation steps in the process will not cause film boiling, peeling and other problems, and to achieve a flexible device easily peeled off the substrate.


(2005) Breakfast consumption by African-American and white adolescent girls correlates positively with calcium and fiber intake and negatively with body massindex. (2003). Ready to eat cereal consumption: Its relationship with BMI and nutrient intake of children aged 4 to 12 years. Application of response surface methodology for studying the product characteristics of extruded rice-cowpea-groundnut blends. (2005).The relationship of breakfast and cereal consumption to nutrient intake and body mass index: The national heart, lung, and blood institute growth and health study,


In this paper, a computational approach based on decoupled study for different directions in the analysis of minibands structure and absorption coefficient for cuboid quantum dot superlattices is described and used. Analysis is focused on zinc-blende semiconductors (such as InAs and GaAs) and wurtzite InGaN. Nowadays, the latter represents a promising material for light emission, but it could become an interesting semiconductor for devices based on optical absorption, too.


CYP2R1 gene affects prostate tissue expression or function of the protein and/or local levels of 25(OH)D is unknown, but it is indeed plausible. To our knowledge, few studies to date have been able to measure intraprostatic vitamin D metabolite levels. One randomized clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation in men undergoing treatment by prostatectomy found that intervention dose of vitamin D was associated with circulating and prostate tissue levels of 25(OH)D and calcitriol. However, they found that cell proliferation, as measured by the Ki-67 level, was most strongly associated with prostate tissue levels of calcitriol, suggesting that measurement of local vitamin D metabolites may be superior to circulating levels. We agree that the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer is complex due to the coexisting endocrine and autocrine/ paracrine functions and that circulating 25(OH)D levels may not adequately reflect the true bioavailability in prostate tissue. We encourage further studies such as that proposed by Drs. Dryfus and Wion as well as the integration of tumor molecular profiling data to shed light on the inconsistent results reported to date.


Research can be understood as systematic investigation to develop theories, establish evidence and solve problems. We can either undertake new research or we can learn from what others have already studied. How, then, do we go about finding out what has already been studied, how it has been studied, and what this research has found out? A common method is to undertake a review of the research literature or to consult already completed literature reviews. For policy-makers, practitioners and people in general making personal decisions, engaging with mountains of individual research reports, even if they could find them, would be an impossible task. Instead, they rely on researchers to keep abreast of the growing


We demonstrate a novel technique of contour-mode suppression of an integrated MEMS-photonic chip up to the first HBAR mode at 17 MHz. The flattened actuation response is critical to the development of compact LiDAR engine or low-noise frequency-agile laser.


Consider a world composed of nanometre-sized factories and self-repairing molecular machines where complex and responsive processes operate under exquisite control; where translational and rotational movement is directed with precision; a nano-world fuelled by chemical and light energy. What images come to mind? Th e fantastical universes described in the science fi ction of Asimov and his contemporaries? To a scientist, perhaps the 'simple' cell springs more easily to mind with its intricate arrangement of organelles and enzymatic systems fuelled by solar energy (as in photosynthetic systems) or by the chemical energy stored in the molecular bonds of nucleotide triphosphates (for example, ATP)1. Understanding and harnessing such phenomenal biological systems provides a strong incentive to design active nanostructures that can operate as molecular machines2, and although our current eff orts to control motion at the molecular level may appear awkward compared with these natural systems, it should not be forgotten that nature has had a 4.5 billion year head start. Biological motors3 convert chemical energy to eff ect stepwise linear or rotary motion, and are essential in controlling and performing a wide variety of biological functions. Linear motor proteins are central to many biological processes including muscle contraction, intracellular transport and signal transduction, and ATP synthase, a genuine molecular rotary motor, is involved in the synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP1,2,4. Other fascinating examples include membrane translocation proteins, the fl agella motor that enables bacterial movement5 and proteins that can entrap and release guests through chemomechanical motion2,3. In recent years the development of biomolecular motors (and natural–synthetic hybrid systems) towards the construction of sensors, actuators and transporters has seen tremendous progress6,7. Biological motors are important components in the fabrication of dynamic smart materials, and semi-synthetic DNA-based structures have been explored in building a variety of mechanical motor-like functions8–10. Although biological motors are capable of complex and intricate functions, a key disadvantage of their application ex vivo arises in their inherent instability and restrictions in the environmental conditions they operate in11. Whereas nature is capable of maintaining and repairing damaged molecular systems, such complex repair mechanisms are beyond the capabilities of current nanotechnology. By contrast, wholly synthetic systems, which can tolerate a more diverse range of conditions than biological machines, off er considerable advantages in the development of complex nanomachinery. Furthermore the sheer excitement of being able to build completely artifi cial motors and machines of nanodimensions, in the bottom-up approach promulgated by Feynman12 several decades ago, has provided the drive to attempt the synthetic challenges that such molecular machines present. A synthetic approach to the construction of molecular devices not only serves to mimic and build on the elegant systems nature has to off er but also can be used to develop systems that are not restricted to nature's small, albeit versatile, synthetic toolbox. Central to any molecular machine is the motor component and hence it is conceivable that molecular motors and machines (Fig. 1)13–23 will play as prominent a role in the nanotechnological revolution of the twenty-fi rst century as their macroscopic counterparts — the steam and internal combustion engines — played in catalysing the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century.


Based on the restropartum analysis of 72 cases with postpartum hemorrhage,it was concluded that postpartum hemorrhage mainly originated from the ineria of uterus, placental factors, injury of soft birth canal, coagulation's disorder and so on .As far as clinical work is concerned, the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage should be done all through the period of pregnancy and meanwhile frocus on such things as scheduled pre- natal check- up ,timely correction of pregnant complications,hospitalization and observation of the patients liable to postpartum hemorrhage,3 stages of labor's management,reinforcement of the postpartum observation and nursing and timely diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage.


Abstract : Future strategic systems will be developed to meet new and different requirements. Among these are the changes imposed by the evolving world situation and by the realities of defense budgeting. Systems-engineering disciplines have been applied to the development of strategic weapon systems with the result that requirements have been identified and met. The capabilities of existing Navy strategic weapon systems and the fact that they were developed within both budget and schedule are proof of this. In the future, however, this will not be sufficient. The entire strategic system, of which the weapon system is only a part, must be subjected to the systems-engineering approach if both system effectiveness and cost effectiveness are to be ensured. Application of these disciplines will lead to identification of the proper distribution of functionality across the system and the areas of technology that must be addressed to have the greatest impact on total system effectiveness. Systems engineering, Strategic weapon systems


Assigning meaning to the actions of other subjects is an essential aspect of everyday social communication. A major contribution in understanding the brain mechanism supporting recognition of others' actions was the discovery of 'mirror neurons', which are activated both when a monkey grasps an object and when he observes other subjects executing the same grasps. However, our recent findings indicate that the system responsible for understanding the actions of other subjects encompasses the entire brain circuitry that supports action execution, rather than just the part of cortex containing 'mirror neurons'. These findings contradict the widely held notion 99 How Do we unDerstanD tHe actions of otHers? that 'mirror neurons' alone code the meaning of observed actions performed by other subjects, and instead support the theory that we decode others' actions by activating our own action system, i.e. by mentally simulating the observed acts.


The aim of this note is to provide detailed proofs for local estimates near the boundary for weak solutions of second order parabolic equations in divergence form with time-dependent measurable coefficients subject to Neumann boundary condition. The corresponding parabolic equations with Dirichlet boundary condition are also considered.


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Introduction Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is the hallmark of sickle cell anemia (SCA), yet VOC treatment has not improved in decades. Recently the role of adhesive interactions between leukocytes, erythrocytes, and the vascular endothelium has been recognized in VOC. GMI 1070, a pan-selectin inhibitor, was designed to decrease the contribution of leukocyte adhesion to VOC. Herein, we report a sub-analysis of the pediatric patients enrolled in a study of GMI 1070 with the aims of determining the efficacy and toxicities in this subgroup and comparing pediatric to adult patients.

Methods This multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial enrolled afebrile patients ≥ 12 yrs with HbSS or HbSβ thalassemia presenting with VOC. Subjects had no organ dysfunction or other acute SCA complications. GMI 1070 was administered IV as a loading dose, then in up to 14 q12 h maintenance doses. Following a pre-specified interim PK analysis including 1 pediatric and 10 adult subjects, the loading and maintenance doses were doubled. Other management was at the discretion of the treating physician. Pain intensity was measured with a 10 cm visual analog scale. The primary outcome was time to resolution of VOC, defined as either a sustained 1.5 cm decrease in the pain score and cessation of IV analgesics; readiness for discharge; or hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included time to discharge, time to transition from IV to oral analgesics, opioid usage, and safety profile. Median time-to-event was compared between arms using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the mean hourly opioid use, by hospital day.

Results Seven sites enrolled 20 pediatric subjects: GMI 1070 - 13 vs placebo - 7. The median age was 14 years, and 40% were female. Time to 1st dose of study drug was a mean of 15 h from initial medical evaluation. Median length of stay was 105 h. The GMI 1070 arm had a 60.7 h reduction in the median time to resolution of VOC compared to placebo ([Fig. 1a][2]). Similarly, the median difference in time to transition to oral opioids and time to discharge were clinically significant between GMI 1070 and placebo at 87.8 h and 96 h, respectively (Fig. 1b & 1c). Mean hourly opioid use was lower with GMI 1070 than placebo in the first 24 h, but the trajectory thereafter did not differ (Fig. 1d). The effect of GMI 1070 on the primary and secondary outcomes was similar for pediatric and adult subjects (Table 1). Differences between pediatric and adult subjects included which opioid was used (pediatrics – 80% morphine vs adults – 80% hydromorphone). Also more pediatric subjects received IV antibiotics (Table 1), particularly in the first 24 hrs of study drug (pediatrics – 35% vs adults – 14%).

The proportion of pediatric subjects experiencing a serious adverse event (SAE) was similar between arms (GMI 1070 – 31% vs placebo – 43%). Most SAE's were VOC recurrence; 1 SAE was an episode of acute chest syndrome (ACS) in the GMI 1070 arm (0 in the placebo arm). Of 4 total ACS events (1 SAE, 3 AE), 3 occurred within 24 h of 1st study drug, 1 required red blood cell transfusion and 0 required intensive care. No severe or unusual infections occurred in either arm.

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Conclusions GMI 1070 is a promising agent for reducing duration of VOC in SCA. Compared to adults, pediatric subjects demonstrated similar efficacy and safety. The ACS cases in the GMI 1070 arm are noteworthy but are not definitively associated with study drug. The strong efficacy signal in adolescents, along with minimal safety concerns, warrants inclusion of younger children in a subsequent phase 3 clinical trial of GMI 1070.

View this table:

Disclosures: McCavit: Pfizer, Inc.: Consultancy; GlycoMimetics, Inc.: Research Funding. Krishnamurti: GlycoMimetics, Inc.: Research Funding. Hsu: GlycoMimetics, Inc.: Research Funding. Quinn: Glycomimetics: Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; MAST Therapeutics: Research Funding; American Society of Hematology: Advisory Committees, Advisory Committees Other, Honoraria. Odame: Glycomimetics: Research Funding. Alvarez: Glycomimetics: Research Funding. Driscoll: Glycomimetics: Research Funding. Smith-Whitley: GlycoMimetics, Inc: Research Funding. Rhee: Rho, Inc.: Employment; GlycoMimetics, Inc.: Research Funding. Wun: Emmaus, Inc.: Clinical Adjudication Committee Other; Pfizer, Inc.: Consultancy; GlycoMimetics: Research Funding. Telen: GlycoMimetics, Inc.: Research Funding; Dilaforette, NA: Research Funding; Pfizer, Inc.: Consultancy. Thackray: GlycoMimetics, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership.

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 [2]: #F1
 [3]: pending:yes


Now that the faculty has a Student Tax, or, more properly, a Faculty Tax, we can expect scenes like the following: A man wearing a grey suit enters the office. He walks up to the counter and says, "Is Dr. Nelson in?" A woman answers, "Yes, but he's busy. Won't you sit down a moment?" The man sits down on a leather-covered settee. He removes a three by five card from his pocket and nervously twists it in his hand. A close observer might see the name "Brainwell" upon the card and the legend, "Do not fail to keep this appointment." A secretary says, "You may go in now, Dr. Brainwell." The man rises, hesitates a moment, then with something reminiscent of Sidney Carton, walks manfully into the sanctum. The Dean is working efficiently at his desk; from time to time he makes a calculation on a slide rule. He does not notice the man standing diffidently before him. The Dean looks up. "Sit down, Brainwell," he says. Brainwell sits. "About those cuts, Dr. Nelson—" he begins. "No, we'll take care of them later," the Dean says. "This matter is even more important than that. You haven't bought your Faculty Tax." "Yes, well, uh, you see—I was going to buy it last month, but the payment of my Buick was clue and I—" "Now see here, Brainwell—you have your obligations to your fellow faculty members. Why don't you get a little job somewhere if you or your family can't afford to pay your way through here. Unless you pay your tax, we won't let you be in the faculty skit this year." "Oh, no, not that, anything but that." "I'm sorry, Brainwell, but in these times we cannot tolerate any shirking. Come, no dough, no show." The man's shoulders sag. A beaten look comes over his face. "How much are they?" he asks. "Six dollars." The man hands over a ten dollar bill. The Dean hands him back a one. "The other three?" the man asks. "Your wife." The man looks wistfully at the dollar bill. "A one, only one left out of ten. What can I buy with a one dollar bill?" The great man smiles. He knows the answer to that one, too. "A ham sandwich at the Boulevard," he says. Unconscious Humor Dept. "As a transfer to Slate, I find myself a bit on the outside . . . with the vantage point of any onlooker giving constructive criticism . . . We honestly feel that MAA's . . . leadership be classified as a major office." Jim Crandell In letter lo Jargon in G.I., February 25, 1044. "James Crandell, '4(i, has been appointed to MAA's staff to fill the vacancy created by the graduation of J. Regis Hammond."


The study examined the effect of using standardized an improvised instructional materials on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Physics St udents in Oyo State, Nigeria. The research design adopted was quasi-experimental of the pretes t – post test non-randomized control group. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a sample of t hree co-educational secondary schools. Each school provided one S.S. III class for the study. T wo instruments were used in the study, the Physics Achievement Test (PAT) to measure students' achieve m nt and Teachers Instructional Guide (TIG) to train the teachers in the experimental groups. The instrument was pilot tested to ascertain reliabili ty. The reliability coefficient was 0.76. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 l evel of significance. Data were analysed using ANOVA a nd ANCOVA. Findings revealed that there is a significant difference in the achievement of studen ts taught using standard instructional materials, t hose taught with improvised instructional material and t hose in the conventional instruction. Thus, the students taught with improvised instructional mater i ls obtained the highest achievement score at post test (F=74.94), followed by those with standard ins tructional materials (F=63.07), while the control group scored the lowest (F=39.89). Also, there w as no significant effect of gender on students' achievement in Physics although, females did better than males. Finally, there was no significan t interaction effect of treatment and gender on stude nt achievement in Physics. Thus, Physics teache rs need to be resourceful in instructional mater i ls selection, planning and utilization so as to reduce the cost of production and maintenance of instruc tional materials. The researchers conclude tha t the utilization of improvised instructional materials promote and enhance effective teaching-learning process, thus, Physics teachers should be enc ouraged to use them in secondary education programme.


Objective: Cadmium is an environmental pollutant as well as a potent inhibitor of voltage-dependent calcium channels. It has been shown that cadmium can causes functional disturbanses in central and peripheral nervous system. The present study examined effects of cadmium on the spinal reflexes. Materials and Methods: Fourteen, male rats were divided two groups: Control and Cadmium. Control group animals received tap water and the rats of Cadmium group received Cadmium as in form of Cadmium Chloride (70 mg/L) diluted in their drinking water during the experimental period. At the end of the 60 days experimental period, electrical stimulated of the sciatic nerve by single pulses and the reflex potentials were recorded from the ipsilateral L5 ventral root. Results: After the statistical analysis, the amplitudes of reflex responses cadmium group was significantly increased compared to Control group. Conclusion: Subchronic exposure to Cadmium affects the rat's spinal reflex responses and point at the possible consequences in exposed humans.


ABSTRACT Key Words: Preparation of Polyethylene Nano-fibres Using Rod-like MCM-41/TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 /THFBi-supported Ziegler-Natta Catalytic System Gholam-Reza Nejabat, Mehdi Nekoomanesh, Hassan Arabi * , Mehrsa Emami, and Mehrdad Aghaei-Nieat Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14965/115, Tehran, IranReceived 29 November 2008; accepted 1 November 2009 O ne of the known groups of mesoporous materials is MCM-41 that has beenextensively used as support for different types of catalysts. In the present work,rod-like MCM-41 was synthesized to support TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 /THF catalyst to formthe bi-supported rod-like-MCM-41/TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 /THF catalytic system. Then, ethylene polymerization was performed by this synthesized catalytic system under 8bar ethylene pressure. The formation of rod-like semi-crystalline mesoporous MCM-41with relatively high surface area (~972 m 2 /g) was confirmed by SEM, XRD, and BETstudies. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the omission of the organic template and water from the synthesized MCM-41. Investigating the specific surfacearea of the prepared catalyst by BET analysis showed that after loading the catalyst onMCM-41support, the surface area is reduced considerably and it is reached a value ofapproximately 486 m


In order to solve multi-target tracking problem under nonlinear and non-Gaussian environment,a kind of data association algorithm based on particle filter(PF) and joint probability was proposed.Based on particle filter method,the algorithm made use of the ideas of joint probability and data association to calculate each particle updating value of each measuring value so as to acquire final filtering result.The Monte Carlo simulation results showed that the presented method can effectively solve multi-target tracking and data association problems under nonlinear and non-Gaussian environment,and has better tracking performances.


Domain control knowledge (DCK) has proven effective in improving the efficiency of plan generation by reducing the search space for a plan. Procedural DCK is a compelling type of DCK that supports a natural specification of the skeleton of a plan. Unfortunately, most state-of-the-art planners do not have the machinery necessary to exploit procedural DCK. To resolve this deficiency, we propose to compile procedural DCK directly into the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL), specifically PDDL2.1. PDDL is the de facto standard input language for state-of-theart automated planning systems. Our compilation enables any PDDL2.1-compatible planner to exploit procedural DCK without the need for special-purpose computational machinery. The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, inspired by the logic programming language GOLOG, we propose a PDDL-based semantics for an Algollike procedural language that can be used to specify procedural DCK as a program. Second, we provide a polynomial algorithm that translates an ADL planning instance and a DCK program, into an equivalent, program-free PDDL2.1 instance whose plans are only those that adhere to the program. Third, we argue that the resulting planning instance is well-suited to being solved by domain-independent heuristic planners. To this end, we propose three approaches to computing domain-independent heuristics for our translated instances, sometimes leveraging properties of our translation to guide search. In our experiments on familiar PDDL planning benchmarks we show that the proposed compilation of procedural DCK can significantly speed up the performance of a heuristic search planner. Our translators are implemented and available on the web. Foreword (by Sheila McIlraith) When Hector, Ray Reiter, and colleagues at the University of Toronto first introduced the GOLOG logic programming language, it was viewed as a means of specifying high level control for robots and software agents, as well as for industrial processes and discrete event simulations. Part of GOLOG's elegance was its situation calculus semantics which enabled GOLOG programs to reason about the complex dynamics of the world, as specified in situation calculus. From an outsider's perspective, GOLOG was inextricably tied to the situation calculus and to the simple interpreter that allowed it to reason over the situation calculus specification of dynamical systems. Our motivation with this work was to bring the same basic GOLOG philosopy to bear on dynamical systems described in the less expressive Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) [McDermott 1998], using a GOLOG-style language to specify programs that either imparted procedural search control on the plan generation process or that specified what could be viewed as a complex, temporally extended plan objective. In contrast to GOLOG, the semantics of this GOLOG-style language was provided in PDDL. More importantly, rather than use a GOLOG interpreter to extract a plan, the mechanism by which we specified our PDDL semantics enabled us to compile away our GOLOG-like programs and to exploit Jorge A. Baier, Christian Fritz, Sheila A. McIlraith highly effective state-of-the-art planning technology to synthesize plans that adhered to the constraints of the GOLOG-like programs. Our initial work in this vein is reflected in the article that follows, a version of which originally appeared under the title "Exploiting Procedural Domain Control Knowledge in State-of-the-Art Planners" in the Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS2007). A follow-on paper at KR2008 examined related issues, extending the expressivity of our GOLOG-like language to include a number of ConGolog constructs. The article that follows was written for a planning audience and as such extols the virtues and shortcomings of the work from a plan generation perspective. Indeed, an important benefit of our work is that it provides a means for state-of-the-art planners to exploit procedural domain control knowledge (DCK) specified in a GOLOG-like language. This benefit is also shared by GOLOG researchers in so far as the work provides a computationally effective means of synthesizing a class of GOLOG program executions with respect to a restricted class of dynamical systems. However, the benefits of this work do not stop there. The technique used to specify the semantics, here in PDDL, in the KR2008 paper in the situation calculus, is interesting because it avoids the need for reification – something Hector particularly liked about the work. Further, from our understanding of the relationship between PDDL and situation calculus and between GOLOG and other DCK formalisms such as Hierarchical Task Networks (HTNs) (elaborated upon by Alfredo Gabaldon in this volume), this body of work enables not only GOLOG, but also HTN-like DCK, or even hybrid GOLOG-HTN DCK to be compiled away in a similar fashion and for plans and program executions to be synthesized using efficient automated planning technology.


The method to determine reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of pressure at the fluid–sediment interface is presented. In general, reflection and transmission coefficients derived from the Biot theory have been computed using displacement potentials. Within the framework of the Biot theory it is assumed that the fluid‐saturated unconsolidated sediment has low values of frame bulk and shear moduli relative to the other moduli of the medium and the shear wave is negligible. This enables to treat the Biot theory easier. By introducing effective densities, reflection and transmission coefficients can be treated as if the medium is a fluid. This approach using the models decoupling method is fairly different from the effective density fluid model [K. Williams, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 2276–2281 (2001)]. It is shown that pressure coefficients give the same results as computed using displacement potentials. This method gives the advantage of directly computing the pressure for problems of reflection, transmission, and scattering. However, boundary conditions should be carefully treated. The pressure coefficient for Biot's slow wave cannot be accurately calculated when the equilibrium of solid pressure at the interface is constrained instead of the normal traction. This disagreement demonstrates that the shear modulus plays an important role in the generation of the slow wave.


Introduction: If solid wastes are not collected and disposed properly, can cause environmental pollution which affect human health, animals and plants. Also aesthetic aspect of solid waste disposal is important. Therefore proper management is necessary. This study was carried out for the Identification and classification of solid waste produced by oil drilling company temporary camps based on RCRA Act and UNEP guidelines. Methods and Materials: Tools used to collect data were a questionnaire and an interview with HSE officials of the company. Also samples were collected from solid waste containers of the camps and analyzed for physical characteristics. Then the obtained data were analyzed statistically by EXCEL and Spss software's. Results: Results of weight percent of solid wastes were as follows: 77% biodegradable waste, 6% paper and carton , 6% pet , 3% textile, 2% glass, 2% metals, 1.5% plastic , 1% wood , 1.5 % Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) and about 0.5% hospital waste . There was a direct and statistically significant relationship between numbers of employees in temporary camps and amount of solid waste generated per capita (p < 0.05). Also the relationship between waste separations within the camps and discharge frequency of pet , plastic and metal was direct and statistically significant (p < 0.05). According to the results, total amount of solid wastes generated in 31 camps were 2801 kg at day , Wastes Density of solid wastes was 433 3 m


Salient object Detection (SOD) have witnessed huge success in nature scene images (NSIs), however, they are unable to deal with SOD for optical remote sensing images (ORSIs). Although recent efforts on SOD for optical RSIs have achieved impressive results, we still face significant challenges due to cluttered backgrounds, multi-scale objects, and complex imaging conditions. To remedy the issue, we propose an original contextual attention enhanced network (CoAENet) for SOD in ORSIs, including contextual attention enhancer and detail refinement module. Specifically, contextual attention enhancer can mine the contextual attention information from the coarse-grained feature maps, which can improve the expressiveness of the fine-grained feature maps. The detail refinement module can learn the specific information of salient objects to refine the predicted results. Meanwhile, to improve the performance of the model from two perspectives of pixel and region, a hybrid loss is designed. Experimental results on two baseline datasets prove CoAENet successes to improve the detection results compared with existing methods. It reveals CoAENet provides an effective solution for SOD in ORSIs.


Abstract : Room temperature fatigue tests were conducted on unblasted and plastic bead blasted 2024-T6H24 aluminum (thickness = 0.024 inch, long transverse grain direction), 2024-T6H24 aluminum (thickness = 0.016 inch, longitudinal grain direction) and AZ31B-H24 magnesium (thickness = 0.032 inch, longitudinal grain direction for unblasted, long transverse grain direction for plastic bead blasted). For the 0.024 inch thick aluminum (case 1) material, unblasted, type I plastic bead blasted, and type II plastic bead blasted specimens were tested. For the 0.016 inch thick aluminum (case 2) and the magnesium (case 3) materials, unblasted and type I plastic bead blasted specimens were tested. ('Type I' and 'type II' describe two different types of plastic beads). In cases 1 and 2, the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test was used to compare the fatigue lives of the unblasted and plastic bead blasted specimens. In case 1, type I plastic bead blasting was shown to have a detrimental effect on fatigue life. Statistical evidence was insufficient to reject the null hypothesis for type II plastic bead blasting. In case 2, type I plastic bead blasting was shown to have a detrimental effect on fatigue life. In case 3, no comparison was made because the unblasted specimens were for the longitudinal grain direction and the blasted specimens were for the long transverse grain direction.


Abstract Background and Aims : Up to one‐third of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) need to undergo surgery, but the factors that exacerbate inflammation remain unclear. The authors hypothesize that excessive apoptosis reported in active UC may disrupt epithelial defenses and exacerbate the disease. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether apoptotic epithelial cells and histiocytes engulfing them increased in patients with active UC who ultimately require surgery (UC‐S) rather than those receiving medication alone (UC‐M).


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Anna Karenlina is a woman image created by Tolstoy.She struggled with the upper classes to pursue love freedom and ended in suicidal tragedy.Based on mental discussion of her times,the living environment and her own characteristics,we can explore the meaning of her suicidal tragedy from its origin,timeliness,selfhood,finality and so on.


BACKGROUND
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are the most common markers of liver damage, but serum level interpretation can be complicated. In hepatocytes, microRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant miRs and its high expression in the serum is a characteristic of liver disease.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to compare the circulatory level of miR-122 in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected liver transplant candidates (LTC) and healthy controls to determine if miR-122 can be considered as an indicator in chronic and advanced stage of liver disease.

METHOD
MiR-122 serum level was measured in 170 interferon-naïve (IFN-naïve) CHC patients, 62 LTC patients, and 132 healthy individuals via TaqMan real-time PCR. Serum levels of miR-122 were normalized to the serum level of Let-7a and miR-221. Also, the ALT and AST levels were measured.

RESULTS
ALT and AST activities and the expression of circulatory miR-122 were similar in the CHC and LTC groups, but it had significantly increased compared to healthy individuals (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Up-regulation of miR122 in the sample of patients with normal ALT and AST activities was also observed, indicating that miR-122 is a good marker with the high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing liver damage.

CONCLUSION
miR-122 seemed to be more specific for liver diseases in comparison with the routine ALT and AST liver enzymes. Since the lower levels of circulating miR-122 were observed in the LTC group compared to CHC group, advanced liver damages might reduce the release of miR-122 from the hepatocytes, as a sign of liver function deficiency.