Comprehensive environmental models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are becoming an integral part of decision making processes for effective planning and management of natural resources. Before their use as decision making aid, however, models must be properly evaluated to improve their prediction accuracy and reduce the likelihood of making decisions that could lead to undesirable policy outcomes. Model evaluation refers to practices such as quality analysis of input data, sensitivity analysis, calibration and verification, and uncertainty analysis. Many methodologies have been developed for model evaluations over the years. One of the major limitations of the existing model evaluation methods, in particular model calibration methods, is their computational inefficiency, especially when used to calibrate comprehensive watershed simulation models. It may take weeks to months of CPU time, depending on the problem size, to successfully calibrate a comprehensive watershed simulation model on a standard PC. In this study, two sensitivity analysis methods and four calibration methods are used to evaluate SWAT to improve its streamflow prediction accuracy for the Morro Bay watershed located on the central coast of California. Parameter sensitivity analysis was performed using step-wise-regression analysis and the one-factor-at-a time screening method. Calibration was performed using PEST, Genetic Algorithms, the Shuffled Complex Evolution, and the Dynamically Dimensioned Search using observed data from multiple sites in the watershed. The model evaluation methods are compared in terms of their computational efficiency as well as effectiveness to determine "accurate" results. The developed SWAT model can be used to evaluate effectiveness of the Best Management Practices installed in the Morro Bay watershed, and to also prioritize sites where BMPs may be implemented in the future to further improve ecological integrity of the Morro Bay Estuary, which is one of the most important wetlands in California as it supports wide variety of habitats including numerous sensitive and endangered plant and animal species.


Mathematical modelling is an important part of Higher 3 Mathematics, a new mathematics syllabus for pre-University students under the GCE Advanced level curriculum in Singapore. In this paper, how technology may be exploited to facilitate learning and investigation of certain key concepts in the topic is discussed. Examples such as the logistic equation and modelling of epidemics are presented in some detail. Some implications on its impact in the classroom are also discussed.


Sleep disorders are common symptoms in patients with rheumatological diseases. Quality of sleep in patients with chronic pain affects their physical, psychological, cognitive, emotional and social functioning. Regardless of the large number of studies dealing with the relation between sleep and chronic pain, there is a deficit in the scientific literature when specific sleep disorders are associated with different rheumatological diseases. This review article is a literature review of the issue referring to the relation between the sleep disorders, quality of sleep and chronic pain in patients with rheumatological diseases. Presented is a large amount of scientific literature data reflecting the modern trends in the chronic pain-sleep disorders relation, as well as the psychosocial factors with an effect on the patients suffering from rheumatological diseases.


In the conventional adaptive control field, parameter tuning law based on σ-modification has been widely used to construct an adaptive controller. However, using the (σ-modification parameter tuning law, usually only the UUB stability can be attained for the adaptive control system. In this study, we simplify the parameter tuning law and the adaptive VSS control law to construct the proposed adaptive VSS control systems for typical first-order systems. Even though the σ-modification term in the parameter tuning law and the stabilizing control term in the adaptive control law are omitted, we shall show that asymptotical stability of the state and boundedness of the parameter estimates can be guaranteed. Particularly, in the proposed adaptive control schemes, only the structural information of the plant is needed. Several simulation examples are given to verify the proposed adaptive control algorithms.


Recent studies made by Margaritis and Psillaki,have shown that a lower debt ratio and higher efficiency are correlated in their studies performed oncompanies in New Zeeland. Other researchers have ...


A dissipative equalization circuit system is designed in order to ensure battery performance and prolong battery life.The equalization circuit system has wide voltage and high efficiency performance. It achieved intelligent equalizing charging by comparing battery terminal voltage and the setting threshold voltage and taking use of constant voltage load module and constant current source module. When the battery terminal voltage is less than the threshold voltage, the battery enters the constant current charging state. When the battery terminal voltage is greater than the threshold voltage, the battery enters the constant load model.When MCU detects that all currents flow through the constant load module, the charging process is determined.The circuit structure is simple and efficient.


Suggests that EU legislation has induced enormous changes in the structure of the European financial markets, and that financial institutions increasingly modify their strategies to cope with the new developments. Identifies which type of corporate strategy enhances organizational efficiency. The position developed is that, at the national level, a multipurpose institution (or "financial supermarket", offering a range of financial services, such as banking, insurance, pensions, etc.), with quasiindependent entities, could serve this objective. At the European level, given the remaining obstacles to financial integration, the risks and the high costs of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions, alliances of financial institutions appear to be the appropriate response.


Surveys of herpetofauna diversity and endemism were conducted in the upper Strickland Basin and Muller Range in southern Papua New Guinea in 2008 and 2009. A total of 61 species of herpetofauna (49 frogs and 12 reptiles) were documented across a 2,300 m elevational gradient in the Muller Range of Western and Southern Highlands Provinces, Papua New Guinea in 2009. At least 25 species of frogs (51%) are undescribed and 14 of these were discovered for the first time during this survey. Herpetofaunal diversity decreased with increasing elevation, with 32 species at the lowland site (500 m), 23 species at the mid-elevation site (1,600-2,000 m), and only six species at the montane site (2,875 m). However the proportion of frog species new to science at each elevation was remarkably consistent, with approximately half of the species collected at each site being undescribed. A short survey in the Wanakipa area of the Strickland River Headwaters in 2008 documented 21 species of herpetofauna including 17 species of frogs (three of which appear to be new to science) and four lizards. Species overlap between the surveys was low but the poorlyknown treefrog Litoria dorsivena (DD; IUCN) was found during both surveys and these new records indicate that the species' IUCN Red-list status should be adjusted to Least Concern.


A numerical Quasi 3-D model of secondary clarifier is applied to verify the data obtained through the literature and analyze the influential factors for secondary clarifiers. The data from the papers provide the input parameters for the model. During this study, several influential factors (density waterfall; surface overflow rate; solids loading rate; solids-settling characteristics; mixed liquor suspended solid; clarifier geometry) are tested. The results show that there are some differences and consistence between the simulation data obtained from the Quasi 3-D model and the simulation outcomes revealed in the papers.


This paper explores the relationship between healing and its embodiment opportunities in architectural design. It puts forward a method for identifying some key architectural variables which may be measured for their sensitivity toward healing design. Specifically, it examines the impact of the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting in the healing experience of children, as well as families and caregivers. Data is collected through a qualitative methodology including participant observations, behavioral maps, and indepth interviews. The meaning and value ascribed to the PICU setting in the observed Turkish and the U.S. facilities present different care practices and philosophies. However, field studies identify social interaction as a universal healing function transcending the physical setting. Crowding, parental absence, and over-stimulation in a single multi-bed unit play against healing in the Turkish model. However, staff collaboration and sense of dedication support healing. In the U.S. model social support, family-centered-care, and focus on patient experience are acknowledged as central concepts to healing. This study identifies six design indicators for healing social interaction.


SAPO-34 molecular sieves were used as the catalyst of the methanol to olefins(MTO) process, however, the conventional SAPO-34 catalysts were easy to loss activity and had a short single cycle life. It was found that reducing the crystalline size of SAPO-34 could improve the specific surface area, weaken the diffusion limit, increase the active sites, enhance the anticarbon deposition ability, accelerate removing the heat of reaction and prolong the single cycle life. The characteristics and research advances of the small crystal SAPO-34 molecular sieves were presented, and some suggestions were given for developing these catalysts.


With the encapsulation of calcium-alginate beads,laccase was immobilized.The results showed that when the immobilized pH value was 4.5,the concentration of sodium alginate and CaCl2 were both 2%,and the volume ratio between enzyme solution and sodium alginate was 1∶1,laccase immobilization got best results.The recovery of enzyme activity was 48.6%.The optimum pH value and optimum reaction temperature of immobilized enzyme were 3.0 and 40℃,Michaelis constant of immobilized enzyme was 21.5μmol/L.The optimum pH value and reaction temperature of free enzyme were 3.0 and 30℃,Michaelis constant of free enzyme was 18.6μmol/L.Compared with free enzyme,the thermal stability of immobilized enzyme had been significantly improved,the acid resistance increased slightly,and the optimum reaction temperature increased by 10℃.


The most fundamental discovery in electrical engineering must surely have been the means of producing a continuous current of electricity. The credit for that is due to the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta, who announced his discovery in a paper written on March 20, 1800 to the Royal Society in London. The paper, which was written in French, was published by the Society in its Philosophical Transactions, and quickly caught the attention of men of science everywhere because Volta's experiments were easy to reproduce and the results were dramatic.


This article portrays a historical overview of care services to people with disabilities or people in situations of dependency in recent years, in order to show the paradigm shift that has existed from (firstly) the hegemony of a model of institutionalization or internment (in where the person with disabilities or at risk of functional dependence, either of mental, physical or sensory character, received specific attention in a regime of internment usually permanent in a more or less closed institution) to a more recent model in which the community approach predominates, characterized by the permanence of the disabled person or person with dependency status in their own homes, receiving the services and care required in the same or in their immediate environment. Both approaches, on the other hand, have coexisted with care and family support that was and is still dispensed in the family. However, these two paradigmatic conceptions, rather than dissociated realities are two ideal types, although theoretically opposed, coexist in real life due to a variety of regulatory, social, cultural, economic and political conditions. Thus, we can now observe that there are at least two fundamental variables that affect this phenomenon of attention to situations of dependency, pushing in two opposite directions. On the one hand, the regulatory provisions under the community approach, that are oriented to the permanence of the person in a position of dependence in his or her usual environment, in line with the aspirations of the people affected and with public opinion; on the other hand, economic interests, mainly from the private sphere, aim at recovering investment costs of those residential infrastructures that have been built, and that in a context of economic crisis have not met their expectations of coverage.


The organogenetic capacity of two Romanian tomato cultivars Lycopersicon esculentum var Vidra 533 and L. esculentum var Roxana after Agrobacteriurn tumefaciens (carrying npt II marker gene) mediated transformation was investigated. Both varieties regenerated shoots after 3-4 wetks of incubation on zeatin-contained medium. A comparative analysis of the presence of neomycin phosphotransferase (npt 11) gene was performed in transformed and untransformed plants, analysis that shows a transformation efficiency of 18.7'36, which is a value a little higher than the reported ones for the same transformation technique. It is not clear if this regeneration efficiency is due to the tomato genotypes used, the Agrobacteriurn tumefaciens strain GV3101 (pMP90), or to some other reasons.


In this paper, we investigate the numerical solution of discrete time ,infinite horizon,stationary ,discounted Dynamic Programming(DP) problem. We introduce the worst case variant of the standard DP operator and show that it retains the nice properties of the former.We apply this worst case formulation to deterministic systems in continuous space and show that for a class of such systems, any arbitrary degree of accuracy can be attained in the numerical solution to the DP problem. Finally we illustrate our results through a simple orbital dynamics example.


Entrepreneurial activity is believed to be a tool to encourage economic growth and to solve other economic problems such as unemployment. Entrepreneurship has been widely applied in schools, especially in vocational schools that aim to produce graduates so they can work and be entrepreneurs. There are many learning models that exist in vocational schools at this time, but the learning model does not have an impact on students to have a soul or desire to become entrepreneurs. Therefore, we have conducted a literature review to explain an alternative learning model, which is a self-designed project learning model that is expected to trigger students to become entrepreneurs. A systematic mapping study is used as a basic method for conducting literature reviews. Various relevant journals, which are learning models that can enhance one's entrepreneurship from various circles, were selected by researchers as preliminary data for a literature review. The various learning models that currently exist do not have enough impact to foster a sense of entrepreneurship in students, whereas learning in SMK should every productive learning must make students master and can make students have a sense of entrepreneurship when learning has ended. In this study describes a self-designed project learning model that will be applied in the automotive field in light vehicle engine tune-up subjects. This alternative learning model has been used by other studies, the researcher applies this alternative learning model in the field of machining that produces an impact on students, i.e. students can increase or make it have the desire to become entrepreneurs.


Based on the modified Biot's thermo-elastic constitutive theory,the thermo-mechanical coupled dynamic governing equations for saturated porous materials were derived.As to the problem of the half-space porous media under embedded axisymmetric thermo-mechanical loads,the analytical responses were obtained by Hankel transformation and the differences caused by different surface thermal conditions were analysed.The numerical results by the inverse Hankel transformation indicate that the pore pressure appears negative while the normal stresses are positive in area over the loads embedded depth.At the embedded depth,the normal stresses increase dramatically.The pore pressure and the normal stresses decrease with the increase of depth in area under the embedded depth.The temperature has almost no effect on responses if there is no extra heat source.Value of the pore pressure for insulated boundary condition is less than that when the boundary surface is isothermal.


The crushing demands for mobile data traffic drive the current cellular networks to become more heterogeneous, making the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) distribution more difficult to analyze. In this paper we propose a simple approximative approach to the SIR distribution of heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) based on the ASAPPP method which stands for ``approximate SIR analysis based on the Poisson point process'' and the MISR (mean interference-to-signal ratio)-based gain for each individual tier of the HCN. The results demonstrate that this approach gives a tight approximation and asymptotically a lower bound for the coverage probability.


Introduction: Shivering is a protective reaction. It increases the production of body temperature by muscular contraction. Post-surgery shivering is one of the prevalent side effects of anesthesia. This is usually accompanied with other problems such as oxygen consumption increase, intracranialpressureincrease, and other complications. Hence, this study compared the effect of various doses of ketamine on reducing selective post-cesarean section shivering. Materials and Methods: It was a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Thirty pregnant women undergoing selective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia at Motahari Hospital, Jahrom participated in this study. They received ketamine (0.3mg/kg and 0.15mg/kg) in two groups of 15. Data was analyzed by T-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi square using SPSS16. The level of significance was considered below 0.05 (P<0.05). Results: Patients' mean age was 27.18 4.38. Mean operation time was 43 16min in ketamine 0.15mg/kg and 40.67 7min in ketamine 0.3mg/kg. No significant difference was observed in this respect. Regarding shivering intensity, most patients had no shivering. The prevalence of ketamine 0.3mg/kg and 0.15mg/kg shivering intensity was not significant in recovery in 5min, 10min, 15min, 30minm and 45min (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Ketamine 0.3mg/kg is more effective in controlling shivering and other post-surgery side effects as compared to ketamine 0.15mg/kg.


This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of reproductive health education among Javanese parents of children aged 9-11 years. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 12,306 parents in Semarang City, Central Java Province, Indonesia, using a purposive sampling technique. Some parents agreed that reproductive health education at home was unnecessary (29.5%), taboo (45%), difficult (73.1%), and awkward (41.5%). Most parents (72.7%) were not transparent in providing reproductive health information to their children by using other terms to name the genitals, considering the politeness aspect. Good practices of providing reproductive health information are slightly more common in mothers (54.2%), unemployed parents (52.9%), those with a higher education level (69.5%), and those with a family income above the regional minimum wage (59.8%). As many as 76.9% of parents intensely monitor their children; however, 60.63% of parents have poor communications with their children. Parents believe that reproductive health information is essential for their children, but parents find the topic difficult with their children due to taboos and awkward feelings. Accordingly, the Indonesian Ministry of Health should empower parents to discuss reproductive health issues with their children openly.


Improper design of color halftone screens may create visually objectionable moire patterns in the final prints due to the interaction between the halftone screens of the color primaries. The prediction of such interactions from the screens' bitmaps helps to identify and avoid problematic patterns, reducing the time required to design effective color halftone screens. In this paper, we detect the moire patterns by examining the spatial frequency spectra of the superimposed screens. We study different windowing techniques including Hann, Hamming, and Blackman, to better estimate the moire strength, frequency and orientation. The window-based spectral estimation has the advantage of reducing the effect of spectral leakage associated with the non-windowed discrete signals. Two methods are used to verify the detected moire from the bitmaps. First, we analyze scans of the printed halftones, using the same technique that we applied to the bitmaps. Second, we independently inspect the printed halftones visually. Our experiments show promising results by detecting the moire patterns from both the bitmap images as well as the scans of the actual prints verified by visual inspection.


In an earlier commentary on the Kuomintang (KMT—Chine s e Nationalist Party) intelligence, I wrote that there was little writing in English on the KMT'S intelligence structures under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. Even as that commentary was being published, China historian Frederic Wakeman, the Hass Professor of Asian Studies at the University of CaliforniaBerkeley, was completing his latest volume on Republican China. His masterly-written biography on Dai Li—Chiang Kai-shek's spymaster in Mainland China throughout the 1930s and most of the 1940s—is a tour de force. In addition to being a detailed biography of the secretive KMT intelligence chief himself, Spymaster outlines the range of Nationalist intelligence and security structures, and their evolution and operational activities in the two decades from the late 1920s to the mid-1940s. It a l s o p r o v i d e s a n e x c e l l e n t background survey of internal Chinese politics during these years of intrigue by generals, warlords, and gangsters against a background of rural Communist insurgency, Japanese military aggression, and world conflict.


ENETICALLY determined melanotic tumors have been described in a numGb er of strains of Drosophila melanogaster, usually involving major loci on the second chromosome (see GHBLBLOVITCH 1958 and 1959). Nearly all have the common feature that in isogenic strains only a proportion of individuals actually exhibit the melanotic tumor phenotype; that is to say, they belong to the troublesome class of genes of variable penetrance. This variability suggests that the position of the developing system with respect to the threshold between normal and atypical development is set by particular components of the genotypeenvironment interaction, and directly poses the problem of what special environmental variables are involved, and the nature of their physiological effect. An approach to this problem has recently become possible through development of a technique for culturing Drosophila on chemically defined media under completely germ-free conditions during the entire life cycle, permitting environmental manipulations impossible on the yeasted media commonly in use. As mutant genes are thought to act by causing quantitative as well as qualitative metabolic changes during development, it seems reasonable to expect that environmental influences which modify the phenotypic expression of mutant genes will afford some clue as to the nature of these changes. This is the primary concern of this series of studies. This first paper describes results obtained with a new melanotic tumor strain which normally shows very low penetrance of the tumor phenotype. By altering the balance of nutrients available to larvae grown in defined media, it is possible to produce changes in the pattern of pentose nucleotide and sterol utilization, which cause melanotic tumors to appear in the majority of the larvae. A preliminary report of this work was given by BURNET and SANG (1962).


Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is the primary crop on the Histosols of the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA), where periodic floods and undesirably high water tables are increasing in occurrence and duration. Improved understanding of the physiologic responses of sugarcane to these conditions could help develop strategies to sustain high yields. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of periodic flooding followed by drainage to different depths on single-leaf net photosynthetic rate (Ps), transpiration (Ts), and stomatal conductance (SC) of sugarcane. In 2000 and 2001, two sugarcane genotypes were planted as split plots in 12 lysimeters filled with Pahokee muck soil. Responses of Ps, Ts, and SC to four water-table treatments were measured for four 21-d cycles each year. Three treatments consisted of 7-d flooding followed by 14-d drainage to depths of 16, 33, or 50 cm. The fourth treatment was a continuous 50-cm water table. Analyses of individual cycles and analyses repeated over cycles generally identified neutral or positive responses of Ps, Ts, or SC to flood. Drained water-table depth did not consistently affect Ps, Ts, or SC, but when differences occurred, 16 cm was often a favorable drainage depth. These neutral and sometimes positive responses to short-duration flood or long-duration high water tables support previous reports of acceptable and sometimes enhanced yields from sugarcane exposed to high water tables. Previous findings were supported that time of formation of stalk aerenchyma in sugarcane may be a key factor for sustaining high yields after exposure to flood.


The purpose of this paper is to give a proof to the result announced in [3]. Let X be an algebraic surface defined over C. X is called a K3 surface if its canonical line bundle Kx is trivial and dim H1(X, ϕX) = 0. It is known that the automorphism group Aut (X) of X is isomorphic, up to a finite group, to the factor group O(Sx)/Wx , where O(Sx) is the automorphism group of the Picard lattice of X (i.e. Sx is the Picard group of X together with the intersection form) and Wx is its subgroup generated by all reflections associated with elements with square (–2) of Sx ([11]). Recently Nikulin [8], [10] has completely classified the Picard lattices of algebraic K3 surfaces with finite automorphism groups.


Railway wheel and axle are the most critical components in railway system. A wheel and axle failure can cause a derailment with its attendant loss of life and property. The service conditions of railway vehicles have become severe in recent years due to a general increase in operating speeds. Therefore, more precise evaluation of wheelset strength and safety has been desired. Damages of railway wheel are a spalling by wheel/rail contact and thermal crack by braking heat etc. One of the main source of damage is a residual stress. therefore it is important to evaluate exactly. A Residual stress of wheel is formed at the process of heat treatment when manufacturing. it is changed by contact stress developed by wheel/rail contact and thermal stress from heat induced in braking. The objective of this paper is to estimate the variation and magnitude of the residual stress of railway wheel. Consequently, residual stress after heat treatment process was about -370㎫, changed to tensile stress according to braking conditions


This article analyses differences between scientific and technological co-operation and collaboration. International cooperation represents opportunities for partners, mainly strategic alliances. In North-South collaborations usually developed countries define the project/program and become the sole owner of the results. Opportunities and risks for countries such as Brazil are to recognize these differences.


These five articles – representing an array of disciplines including phenomenology, affective neuroscience, infant research, and clinical psychoanalysis – are remarkable in their breadth and scope. All focus on embodied, relational, and enactive dimensions of interpersonal relatedness in autistic development. Taken together, they confirm the relevance of Stern and Trevarthen's emphasis on the centrality of movement, agency, and temporal dynamics in the elaboration of the autistic infant's interpersonal world. Although he did not make autism a research focus in his lifetime, Stern's work, especially on forms of dynamic vitality, has clearly gained posthumous value as an important bridging construct linking impairment in sensorymotor function to the affective and cognitive phenotype peculiar to ASD. Likewise, a growing body of research into the nature of motor disruption in ASD and its impact on primary intersubjectivity attests to the importance of Trevarthen's conceptualization of sensory-motor intentionality as the ground of the Core Self. The sense of self, as Stern (1985) broadly defines it, is fundamentally enactive – grounded in sensorimotor perception-action loops that recursively refine the infant's capacity to predict "invariants" or perceptual regularities in its experience. As Muratori and Apicella and others illustrate, this is an apposite frame of reference for empathizing with autistic self-experience where innate sensory-motor disturbances create particular challenges to motor timing, amodal perception, and bodily attunement to the self and others. From an enactivist perspective, we can appreciate that autistic challenges with self-synchrony – with experiencing and using the bodily self as an integrated unit, contributes both to characteristic autistic compensations – and presents unique challenges to sustaining interactional synchrony. All contributions – but especially the first four non-clinical articles – explore the implications of this perspective for a more fine-grained picture of the interpersonal world of the autistic infant. There is something encouraging, too, about the cross-fertilization between disciplines on display throughout: Here we have a psychoanalyst, Alexandra Murray Harrison, introducing an emerging neuroscientific framework – polyvagal theory – into her clinical work with children; and a team of non-psychoanalysts – Jonathan Delafield-Butt, Colwyn Trevarthen, and Penelope Dunbar – finding new clinical significance in Winnicottian theory for our understanding and care of autistic adults. Does this mean we are on the verge of a new consilience among these disciplines as Stern mused nearly a decade ago? The truth, of course, is that autism – its origins, its cultural significance, its complex history – is far too complex a topic, too heterogeneous a condition – to brook a facile consensus among all stakeholders. Parents, children, autistic adults, scientists, phenomenologists (the list goes on) will continue to find areas of disagreement about the nature and significance of this enigmatic condition – and perhaps this is as it should be. But I would contend that a paradigm shift toward a more robust embodied/enactive relational framework of ASD would be a move in the right direction. For one thing, an enactive/embodied/relational view would take us beyond the dualisms of earlier psychoanalytic eras (Mahler, 1968; Tustin 1983), which often depicted autistic children as trapped "inside" or "underneath" an autistic (traumatized) shell. For decades, analysts – and allied professionals – construed autism in these one-person terms – as something the patient developed psycho-genetically in response to – or as a defensive protection against – traumatic insult or deprivation. This dualistic view – of a normal child "inside" an autistic shell – lingers on; only now the target of blame has shifted from the outside (environment/caretaker) to the inside (brain-based/child). Now it is the autistic child's brain with its presumed hypersensitivity to the outside world that is held responsible for their autistic "retreat." In one sense, this shift represents a welcome appreciation for the impact of


ABSTRACT. Fernandes, J. (Department of Paediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital and Neonatal Unit, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands). The effect of disaccharides on the hyperlactacidaemia of glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐deficient children. Acta Paediat Scand,63:695, 1974.—Two unrelated children with hepatic glycogenosis due to glucose‐6‐phosphatase deficiency were investigated as regards the influence of dietary disaccharides on their hyperlactacidaemia. The disaccharides were administered orally as 10% solutions hourly during 12 hours in an A‐B‐A sequence, i.e. maltose‐lactose‐maltose, or maltose‐sucrose‐maltose. Each disaccharide was given in repeated doses. Blood lactate levels increased during the lactose or sucrose feedings and decreased during the maltose feedings, while normoglycaemia was maintained throughout the experiments. It is concluded that lactose and sucrose should be restricted in the diet of children with a glucose‐6‐phosphatase deficiency.


The skin and accessory cutaneous structures of the vulva occupy an important relationship to the vulval integument of the human female. The generally benign character of simple tumors developing in these structures has created little respect for their occasional malignant propensities. The design of metaplasia and malignant change in these innocent tumors is rarely emphasized. All too often they are described merely as small vulvar lesions when as a matter of fact they are often the key to a better understanding of the development and behavior of malignant growths in this area. My associates and I believe that a better general understanding of benign tumors of the vulva is an important aspect of preventive gynecology and is essential for the proper insight and control of vulvar cancer. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE VULVA Of Connective Tissue Origin.— In the group of benign tumors of connective tissue origin are the fibromas, leiomyofibromas,


A lag-free CMOS image sensor (CIS) with Constant-Residue Reset (CRR) operation is presented in this paper. It effectively eliminates image lag effect caused by the channel doping profile variation of transfer transistor and non-optimized pixel layout in the 4T-pixel. A prototype 160×120 CMOS imager has been designed and fabricated in 0.18um 1P4M CIS process. The experimental results demonstrated that the image lag effect is fully eliminated by CRR operation.


In Brazil is very frequent the occurrence of sudden death in bovine, caused by the ingestion of toxicant plants. Those sudden deaths in general show none previous clinical signs and absence of significant post mortem discoveries, promoting economical losses with difficulties to be considered. The ignorance of the toxicant vegetable species is pointed as the principal factor for occurrence of those accidents, in that way, the best form to prevent this is the knowledge and the popularization regarding about the subject. In that context, this work exposes the principal toxicant plants that cause sudden death in bovine in Espirito Santo State (Palicourea marcgravii, Mascagnia rigida, Tetrapterys acutifolia and Oxypetalum banksii), tends in view the great number of intoxication cases that happened in this region.


This research is based on the background of students' low critical thinking skills in classroom learning. This is caused by the conventional learning process, and using learning methods that are less varied. to overcome the low critical thinking skills students can use peer tutoring learning methods that require students to be more active, critical during the learning process. This study aims to determine the improvement of students' critical thinking skills in trigonometry material using peer tutoring learning methods in class XI MIA-3 MAN Sipirok, through peer tutoring learning methods are expected to be more active and meaningful learning for students so that they are ultimately able to provide and improve thinking skills critical students in trigonometry material. The type of research used is PTK (classroom action research) using two cycles, and each cycle 2 meetings. One cycle consisted of planning ( planning ), action ( action ), observasi ( observation ) and refleksi ( reflection ), this sub-research was class XI MIA-3 MAN Sipirok 2017/2018 academic years consisting of 37 students. Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that by using the peer tutoring method that is able to obtain an increase in students' critical thinking skills in the subject matter of trigonometry in class XI MIA-3 MAN Sipirok in each cycle the improvement of critical thinking skills occurs in overall critical thinking, so the results of the increase in critical thinking of students from the first cycle of meeting I of meeting I 51,35%  be 62,16% cycle of meeting II cycle of meeting I, cycle II of meeting I 75,68% be 86, 48% cycle II of meeting. Thus the critical thinking skills of students in class XI MIA-3 MAN Sipirok achieved through Peer Tutoring learning methods have reached the highest percentage in this study which is 86.48%.


Objective To observe the effect of intra-articular injection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)on the experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits and study the mechanism.Methods Forty rabbits un derwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)and then divided into two groups randomly. 100μmol/L DHEA resolved in the dimethylsulphoxide were injected into the knees of experimental rabbits 4 weeks after transection,once a week for five weeks.Rabbits in the control group were treated under the same schedule using dimethylsulphoxide.All rabbits were killed 9 weeks after ACLT and the knee joints were evalu- ated by gross morphology and histology.The mRNA expression of metalloproteinases-3(MMP-3),tissue in- hibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1)and interleukin-lbeta(IL-1β)in the cartilage and synovium was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Gross morphologic in- spection and histological evaluation showed that the extent and grade of cartilage and synovium damage in the experimental group were less severe than the control group.The mRNA expression of MMP-3 in cartilage and synovium decreased significantly in the experimental group(both P<0.05).The mRNA expression of TIMP-1 in cartilage and synovium increased significantly in the experimental group compared with that in the control group(both P<0.05).No significant difference of IL-1βmRNA expression in cartilage was found between the experimental and the control groups(P>0.05).The mRNA expression of IL-1βin the synovium was signifi- cantly suppressed in the experimental group compared with that in the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion DHEA protects against cartilage degradation,alleviates synovium inflammation and inhibits the progression of osteoarthritis in the experimental model.Down-regulation of MMP-3 and up-regulation of TIMP-1 in cartilage and synovium and IL-1βin the synovium may be the mechanism of the protective effect of DHEA on os- teoarthritis.


The World Health Organization (WHO) defines maternal mortality as a death during pregnancy or within 42 days afterward, from causes related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management. At least 600,000 women die annually from pregnancyrelated causes. Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and unsafe abortion are now the leading killers of women of reproductive age throughout the Third World. (WHO, 1992). The exact extent of maternal death and its causes often cannot be determined because of poor data quality and incomplete reporting in most developing countries. Data sources for maternal mortality measurement include hospital records, population-based studies and vital registration systems. In Africa, there is a common problem of poor or non-existent vital registration systems leading to reliance on sample surveys to get maternal mortality data and estimates. It is because of this that Graham et al, (1989) developed the sisterhood technique for deriving maternal mortality estimates in places with limited or defective data. Kenya as a nation has tried to improve its data collection methods and there are demographic surveys (KDHS) undertaken every five years to collect reproductive health information on the population. The latest KDHS included the DHS maternal mortality module from which the direct sisterhood method developed by Rutenberg and colleagues in 1990 was used to estimate maternal mortality. This study has used the 1998 KDHS and the indirect sisterhood method to provide maternal mortality ratios for Kenya. The study uses the Women's Questionnaire in which 7,881 women aged 15-49 years old were successfully interviewed and these reported 237 maternal deaths. The study objective was to use the same data set (1998 KDHS) and the indirect sisterhood method to derive maternal mortality estimates for Kenya at the national and sub national levels. The second objective of this study is to provide maternal mortality differentials for Kenya. The study therefore provides maternal mortality ratios by various background characteristics of the respondents' namely: region of residence, type of place of residence, religion, and ethnic grouping. The maternal mortality ratios derived by the indirect sisterhood method relate to a period of 12 years before the survey. The interpretation of these results needs to be cautious since the characteristics of the deceased woman may not necessarily be similar to that of the respondent reporting. The study found a national maternal mortality ratio of 500 maternal deaths per 100.000 live births for the period 12 years before the survey. This national estimate had a wide confidence interval ranging from 475 to 613 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The results of this study indicate that there are wide maternal mortality differentials in Kenya, with Western, Coast and Nyanza Provinces having very high maternal mortality ratios ranging from 600 to 900 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, and very high lifetime risks of maternal death such as 1 in 15 women from Western Province facing the risk of a maternal death in her lifetime. Central Province seems to be one of the lowest maternal mortality risk areas of Kenya. Residents in urban areas of Kenya are more likely to report a higher incidence of maternal mortality than their rural counterparts are. Based on the sisterhood estimate, urban areas in Kenya have a ratio of 900 maternal deaths per 100.000 live births compared to a ratio of 500 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in rural areas. Catholic and Protestant respondents are more likely to report lower maternal mortality compared to their Muslim counterparts. The study concludes that the measurement of maternal mortality is a problem since the available data sources are wanting. In this study, the sisterhood module has been used but difficulties have arisen since the socio-demographic characteristics of the deceased woman are not available, hence the findings may not be representative of the true population levels and trends of maternal mortality. Therefore, the study recommends that a surveillance system should be put in place to validate the results of the KDHS findings on maternal deaths incidence and also to provide baseline data on maternal mortality in the country so as to strengthen research in this important area of reproductive


The design of the Superconducting Super Collider evolved over a series of studies from 1984 to 1989. Considerations of concentration of radiation sources and provisions for operational control and monitoring of radiation were determining elements in the design concepts for the facility. The development of the designs involved an extension of the range of applicability of energy deposition and radiation shielding codes beyond the 3 TeV level of the proposed UNK collider to 20 TeV for single beam effects and to 40 TeV in the collision regions. This extrapolation was complicated by the newly discovered, very energetic muons from short-lived states associated with heavy quark states. The design guideline for radiation protection was specified to be 10 mRem/yr, 10% of the Federal limit. In order to limit the amount of land required for the facility, which would extend over some 250 mi. sq., the configuration of the land to be acquired was tailored to the requirements for radiation containment below the levels of the guideline.


Two dinuclear macrocyclic complexes of palladium with hexadentate ligands have been synthesized. The crystal structures of Pdz([18]aneN6)Br4.4Hzo ([18]aneN6 = 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaazacyclooctadecane) (Pi, u = 8.092 (2) A, b = 11.533 (2) A, c = 7.699 (2) A, a = 72.85 (2)O, j3 = 100.52 (3)O, y = 112.20 (2)O, V = 634.3 A', Z = 1, R = 0.066, R, = 0.069) and Pdz([20]aneN6)Br4.Hz0 ([20]aneN6 = 1,4,7,11,14,17-hexaazacycloicmane) (Cmcm, 4 = 9.375 (4) A, b = 13.992 (5) A, c = 18.845 (7) A, V = 2472 A', Z = 4, R = 0.041, R, = 0.045) were determined, and the palladium ions were each found to be coordinated to three amines of the ligand and a bromine anion. The halide atoms are disposed trans and cis in the two complexes, respectively. A metal-metal distance of 3.018 A was found in the Pdz([18]aneN6)Brz2+ cation. For both complexes, NMR spectroscopy suggests that the rigidity of the crystalline structures is maintained in solution under neutral or acidic conditions. However, fluxionality is observed in basic media. Preliminary kinetic studies demonstrate the effects of the disposition of the metal centers in the two complexes upon their ligand substitution behavior. The Pd2([20]aneN6)Br?+ cation undergoes substitution by a mechanism similar to that observed for the Pd2(dien)Br+ analogues. For the Pd2( [ 18]aneN6)Br?+ cation, a dissociative mechanism may be postulated from the observed kinetics.


A third edition of a handbook in the TRAVEL SURVIVAL KIT series, which provides information for travellers to Kenya, including details of wildlife and geographical facts.


A comprehensive method has been proposed to evaluate the performance of non-point source (NPS) models using subjective and objective criteria. The subjective portion of the evaluation includes attributes such as model documentation, input, output and model sensitivity. The objective evaluation includes measures of model calibration, model validation, and time use. Both the subjective and objective evaluations have been incorporated into a single-performance index. An example application of the method has been included for demonstration purposes and to illustrate the robustness of the method. The method can be applied more broadly for the selection and comparison of NPS models.


In this work, the lanthanide (Ln) contraction phenomenon has been analyzed for tridimensional structures in the solid state. We chose to study an isostructural series of Lanthanide Organic Frameworks (LOFs) of formula [Ln2(C4H4O4)3(H2O)2]n.H2O and fourteen crystallographic structures (except promethium complex). The analysis of Ln contraction was made by analyzing the sum of all Ln-O bond lengths and the sum of all O-O distances, for the oxygen atoms of the coordination polyhedra, calculated with different semiempirical quantum mechanical models. TheΣLn-O and ΣO-O for this LOF can be fit to a second order polynomial. Based on the crystallographic structures, it is concluded that the phenomenon of Ln contraction is observed. Our results also suggest that the semiempirical Sparkle/PM3 and Sparkle/RM1 models reproduce the Ln contraction phenomenon well, and similar fits were obtained for ΣLn-O and ΣO-O bond lengths.


In the supervision of a high buiding′s artificial digging pile,while working into the bearing stratum,we found that end carrying capacity of the pile bearing stratum is lower than expected,and may seriously a-gainst the security of the high buiding basis.We send a suspension advice to owners,and request added a geo-logical survey,after that,modify the design,and do the related trial.The owners support the move.After added geological survey and adjusted the design and done the related trial,the designer have changed the bearing stratum,and excluded the harmfness of the bearing stratum.It ensures the security of the buiding.


Today's and future space missions (will) have to deal with increasing requirements regarding autonomy and flexibility in the locomotor system. To cope with these requirements, a higher bandwidth for sensor information is needed. In this paper, a robotic system is presented that is equipped with artificial feet and a spine incorporating increased sensing capabilities for walking robots. In the proposed quadrupedal robotic system, the front and rear parts are connected via an actuated spinal structure with six degrees of freedom. In order to increase the robustness of the system's locomotion in terms of traction and stability, a foot-like structure equipped with various sensors has been developed. In terms of distributed local control, both structures are as self-contained as possible with regard to sensing, sensor preprocessing, control and communication. This allows the robot to respond rapidly to occurring events with only minor latency.


AMONG the recent developments that have occurred among US companies is the agreement between Honeywell, a leader in integrated avionics systems, and Apple Computer. A electronic library system (ELS) will be manufactured by Honeywell that will incorporate a ruggedized avionics entry introduced Macintosh Quadra 800 high‐performance personal computer. The ELS is designed to provide airline personnel with timely access to all the information necessary to operate and maintain an aircraft (excluding aircraft control).


Dean Flow is the azimuthal flow of fluid between static concentric cylinders. In a magnetized plasma, there may also be radial stratification of the pressure. The ideal magnetohydrodynamic stability of such a flow in the presence of a strong axial magnetic field and an added radial gravitational force is examined. It is shown that both the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and pressure-gradient-driven interchanges can be stabilized if the flow is driven by a unidirectional external force and if the plasma annulus is sufficiently thin (large aspect ratio). These results find application in schemes using centrifugal confinement of plasma for fusion.


The recent increase in Bordetella pertussis incidence (whooping cough) presents a challenge to global health. Recent studies have called into question the eectiveness of acellular B. pertussis vaccination in reducing transmission. Here we examine the epidemiological consequences of an ineective B. pertussis vaccine. Using a dynamic transmission model, we nd that: 1) an ineective vaccine can account for the observed increase in B. pertussis incidence; 2) asymptomatic infections can bias surveillance and upset situational awareness of B. pertussis; and 3) vaccinating individuals in close contact with infants too young to receive vaccine (so called \cocooning" unvaccinated children) may be ineective.


An energy efficient routing protocol is the major concern in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, we describe LEACH routing protocol and some of its new versions. After that we propose an energy efficient hierarchical routing protocol, developed from LEACH. The basic concept involved in increasing energy efficiency and hence lifetime is to keep radio communication distance as minimum as possible The new version of LEACH uses heterogeneous multilevel clustering approach based on the distance of base station from cluster heads. We have used three different types of nodes based on their initial energy level. They have played different roles depending whether they are the member nodes or the cluster heads. The proposed algorithm is successfully simulated in MATLAB and the results show that it is more energy efficient than homogeneous LEACH.


Bill Ferguson: I am the Editor-in-Chief of the new Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.'s Games for Health Journal: Research, Development, and Clinical Applications, and I'm pleased to have assembled a very impressive group of health game experts for a roundtable discussion with the theme of ''Why a games for health journal now?'' What has gone on in the field in the past and is currently going on that demonstrates games for health do in fact have a positive impact on the well-being of people and have broad enough applications that there would be demand and interest in a journal? Are there a large number of people who are curious about health games and see them as a resource? The first question I have for the group has to do with the efficacy of games: Have videogames been shown to affect change in health-related behaviors? If your answer is in the positive, please give us an example.


Objective To investigate the expression of NDRG-1,P53 tumor suppressor genes in colorectal carcinoma tissue and its relationship with tumor invasion and metastasis.Methods Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of NDRG-1 and P53 in colorectal carcinoma tissue and normal colorectal tissue.Results The expression of NDRG-1 in colorectal cancer tissue decreased significantly,and its closely related to the invasion and lymph node metas tasis of tumor(P 0.05).The expression of P53(mutant) in colorectal cancer tissue significantly increased,its closely relat ed to tumor-infiltrating(P 0.05),but unrelated with tumor metastasis(P 0.05).Conclusion Tumor suppressor gene P53 and NDRG-1(wild-type) have obvious synergy or regulation effect in the process of colorectal carcinoma invasion,but they have no obvious synergy in lymph node metastasis.The expression of NDRG-1 and P53 is relevant in colorectal cancer tissue.There are certain reference significance in colorectal cancer surgical treatment and prognosis by detection of the two genes.


In this body of research and original photographic work to which it responds, I examine the position and connotation of the 'Arabian' as location in travel literature, photography and fashion photography; the subject and image of the figure of the Western male and female traveler in the 'Arabian' space; and how traveler and space feed off one another. The research aims to consider the visual representation of cities of the Islamic world, and the specific propositions of locations such as Istanbul, Marrakesh and Cairo as sensual, nightmarish, dangerous and alien. It will focus on the long association between travel and sexual adventure and explore the illusive representation of the male traveler compared to the female tourist as subjects in these cities by examining the appropriation of such figures and motifs from art and literature into contemporary photography of travel and fashion photography. The paper will provide an overview of the romantic fascination with the 'Arabian' that writers and photographers share, and the dichotomies in these artists' rendition of the 'Arabian' space and visual culture. The starting point for this paper are two photography monographs by Western male travellers/photographers shooting photographic bodies of work in a foreign Islamic country: Paul Bowles' How Could I Send a Picture into the Desert (1994) and Harry Gruyaert's Morocco (1990). By focusing on the figure of the male traveler, and incorporating underlying references to the male-dominated shady underworlds the 'Arabian' space supposedly inhabits, the work investigates the role that photography has played in the development of such representations: how does the traveler/photographer observe both himself and others and what kinds of relationships and tensions develop between the traveler/photographer and the cities he observes? The discussion will consider case studies from literature (Peter Mayne, Elias Canetti, Paul Bowles); photography (Harry Gruyaert, Irving Penn, Daido Moriyama), as well as contemporary fashion editorial work (William Klein, Jack Pierson, Azim Haidaryan, Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin, Steven Meisel and Daniel Riera), establishing links between the visual representation of travel and the context of gender and personal identity, sexuality and the psychological dimension of exile.


Many abundant populations of vertebrates in sardine-rich coastal ecosystems have experienced large changes in population sizes. This has led to wide fluctuations of some fish harvests and concern over the conservation status of some top predators. Research over the past 20 years into the causes of population changes of some abundant fish species, some southern pinnipeds and the most important guano-producing seabirds is briefly reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to populations off south-western Africa. Fish populations have been influenced in a complex manner by a variety of factors, including fishing, biological interactions and environmental change. Climate, operating at a basin scale, is probably an important cause of large and long-term changes in the abundance of some sardine populations. The impact of anticipated climate change on sardine-rich ecosystems is expected to receive emphasis in the future. The populations of some pinnipeds and seabirds were drastically reduced by former excessive harv...


The effects of Tai Chi Chuan on the health of Hmong American older adults were investigated. The Tai Chi Chuan Program Inventory was used as a pre‐test and post‐test. Significant improvements were found in Tai Chi Chuan knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, as well as in resting blood pressure, stress level, and shoulder and knee flexibility. These results provide further documentation of Tai Chi Chuan's beneficial health effects.


Consumers' interest for food quality and safety increases every day. The sanitary crises that have occurred in the beef cattle market have led to the need to guarantee traceability and the development of specialty brands (origin denominations, natural and organic meats, racial stamps, among others), in which trust in the process is the basic tool for competence. Therefore, this study aims to identify the forms of coordination configured by the agents of a beef cattle production chain in Uruguay that seeks to develop an assured quality plan to differentiate the meat produced with the objective of generating competitive advantages in the beef cattle market. Operationalization of the research was carried out through a case study with the application of in-depth interviews with the members of the chain. The results point out that the activities developed within a production chain can be characterized by several forms of coordination in their different stages and even in a same segment, at the same time quality conventions would allow us to explain the combination of these forms of coordination in an integrated form of governance.


The cooperative simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) finished in an active way by multiple robots in unknown environment is investigated.Local submap strategy is introduced in which each robot carries out map building in the local area around itself so that it can build local submap independent of other robots,then the SLAM problem in global environment can be decomposed into multiple sub-problems.The problem of active SLAM is converted into that of multiobjective optimization when each robot builds its local submap.The robot chooses the optimal control inputs so that the accuracy of localization and mapping,information gain and the cooperative motion will be synthetically optimized.Finally, all the submaps are fused into global map by extended Kalman filter(EKF).Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the prsented approach.


. The effects of changes in weather variables, including precipitation dependence on the days-of-the-week, have known applications in weather predictions. However, the use of these effects to improve weather forecasting has not been determined. Here we investigate if conditioning past data somehow by considering the days-of-the-week helps us to obtain the better short-term time series prediction for precipitation. Especially, we demonstrate that short-term time series prediction of precipitation up to 2 h ahead can be improved using the data points of the days whose differences from the current day are 5 multiples of 14. For short-term predictions, we employ infinite-dimensional delay coordinates (Hirata et al., Sci. Rep. 5, 15736, 2015) to reconstruct the underlying dynamics. Although the results demonstrate that the two-week periodicity seems to exist in the weather at Tokyo, and thus some anthropogenic activities could influence weather, the mechanism of the influence remains unclear. The mean absolute errors were used to evaluate the prediction errors. For the control case, we evaluated E [ | ¯ s ( i + p | i ) − s ( i + p ) | ] for p steps before the prediction in the period between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2015 in JST. To evaluate the days-of-the-week effects, we evaluated E [ | ˆ s ( j + p | j ) − s ( j + p ) | ] for p steps ahead, of prediction. of mechanisms of over diverse by advanced and improvement


An approach of reporting long-term trends in groundwater extraction and baseflow impacts in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in south-eastern Australia was developed and tested. The principal aim of the framework was to provide early warning of any potential adverse impacts from groundwater extraction on environmental releases of surface water for baseflow, support adaptive management of these impacts, and highlight those areas which may benefit from conjunctive water management. The analysis showed that there is no current decadal trend in the annual aggregate groundwater extraction volumes or stream impact across the non-Victorian MDB, with much of the interannual variability being related to rainfall. Despite this, increasing volumes of environmental releases of water for baseflows in some river valleys are being required to replace the stream depletion caused by historical patterns of groundwater extraction established before 2003. Two valleys were identified for which there may be insufficient surface water storage to release water to substitute stream losses to groundwater and still support ecosystems during dry periods. The increasing trend in extraction since 2003 in one of the units has significantly increased the risk in that valley. The reporting framework was shown to be effective for alluvial groundwater systems connected to regulated rivers.


An interdisciplinary participatory action research (PAR) project was designed in collaboration with local immigrant organizations to document the impact of deportation policy on Central American immigrant families living in the northeastern U.S. This paper reports on selected methodological challenges of university-based co-researchers in this community-university PAR process which is currently concluding its fourth year. The paper discusses the iterative action-reflection processes focusing on: (1) an overview of the PAR project and its multiple phases within the U.S. and in Guatemala; (2) select challenges and contributions of the PAR approach for participating immigrant families "living in the shadows" and, (3) methodological concerns from the three coauthors, who include a graduate student who joined the early stages of partnership-building; an assistant professor in the early stages of her career; and a senior scholar with many years of experience in activist scholarship. We conclude with thoughts on why, despite these challenges, PAR is "worth the trouble".


Determination of inspection period for a multistate system with imperfect inspection is an important issue for maintenance management. The result of imperfect inspection has potential to lead wrong...


The need for sharpest temperature spikes during ultra-shallow junction annealing appears to conflict with the increased thermal mass associated with the use of a Hot Shield approach for pattern effect reduction in a lamp-based rapid thermal processing system. This paper shows that it is not necessary to rule out the improved uniformity from Hot Shielding when forming ultra-shallow junctions by spike-annealing. Spike anneals with and without Hot Shielding were performed on ultra-shallow 11 B and BF 2 implants. Depending on the implanted species a broadening of the spike peak width within the limits evaluated in this paper does not influence the resulting sheet resistance versus junction depth.


Electrostatic spray apparatus, comprising a tubular injector body (3); at least one charging electrode for electrostatically charging the powder (12); at least one charging electrode mounted (12) counter electrode (44) near which is connected to a different from another electrode charging electrode (12) (20), thereby to attract at least a part of the free ions produced by the charged powder; at least one annular body (44; 68; 74), which itself constitutes a counter electrode (44; 64; 74 , 76) or supporting the counter electrode; at least one injector positioned body (3) outside of the connecting strip (78); (20) and the electrical connection between the counter electrode (44) of said interface is a potential connection strip (78 ) to achieve.


Since the publication of my "Contribution to the Comparative Anatomy of the Mammalian Eye "('Phil. Trans.,' B, vol. 194, p. 194 (1901)), I have supplemented this paper by similar investigations on the eyes of the lower classes of the Vertebrata, thereby hoping to extend our knowledge of the higher orders by comparison with those of the lower groups. As it was reasonable to expect in them incipient and simpler stages, where Mammals show highly complex or vestigial conditions, the hope seemed justified to approach the solution of various morphological and physiological problems. Of course, the investigations should by rights begin with the Fishes, at least in theory. In practice, however, they present insurmountable difficulties to ophthalmological investigation, partly on account of the obstacles in the way of holding them in a fixed position, and of keeping them alive when removed from their natural element, and partly also on account of the refraction of their eyes, which are naturally adjusted for seeing under water, which causes their eyes to become enormously hyperopic when examined in air. Moreover, their crystalline lenses are almost invariably spherical, a condition which admits of only a minute portion of the fundus being examined at one time, whereby the difficulty of obtaining a complete view of the fundus becomes greatly increased. The examination of the eye after death, either by illuminating the interior with the ophthalmoscope, or by dividing the eye equatorially and viewing the fundus through a microscope, is by no means a satisfactory procedure, since the post-mortem changes occur so rapidly that the picture is altogether misleading. For our present purpose, however, the fish's eye is of small importance.


In this paper, the security performance for an 8D self-synchronous and feedback-based chaotic stream cipher with the low 8 bits of state variables for encryption is analyzed. According to known-plaintext attack and divide-and-conquer attack, only the second plain-pixel and its corresponding cipher-pixel are required to decipher the secret keys [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] by properly setting 64 different kinds of initial conditions. Then, according to chosen-ciphertext attack and divide-and-conquer attack, it is found that under the condition of selecting the ciphertext as zero, the original chaotic equation is degenerated as a linear one. So, by setting appropriate initial conditions, the secret keys [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] can be deciphered with only four iterative operations. As for the secret keys [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] multiplied by ciphertext and the secret keys [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] related to nonlinear functions, maybe a more powerful attack method is required for these secret keys to be deciphered. Finally, an improved chaotic stream cipher scheme equipped with the low 8 bits derived from nonlinear operation of multiple state variables for encryption is proposed for improving the ability to resist divide-and-conquer attack and chosen-ciphertext attack.


In this paper, the Electromagnetic Susceptibility (EMS) of Balise Transmission Module (BTM) systems is predicted. Critical threshold distance is proposed to stand for the on-board antenna position when the BTM system is most likely to be interfered. EMS predication method were presented based on radiation disturbance coupling model and BTM normal working condition. A test case was investigated. The predication result for EMS of BTM system under two operation condition with or without balise are validated by measurement respectively.


This paper deals with the estimation of the state of linear time invariant systems for which measurements of the output are available sporadically. An observer with jumps triggered by the arrival of such measurements is proposed and studied in a hybrid systems framework. The resulting system is written in estimation error coordinates and augmented with a timer variable that triggers the event of new measurements arriving. The design of the observer is performed to achieve uniform global asymptotic stability (UGAS) of a closed set including the points for which the state of the plant and its estimate coincide. Furthermore, a computationally tractable design procedure for the proposed observer is presented and illustrated in an example.


In order to improve the large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in Mn3Sn thin films, we eliminated the co-existing Mn2Sn phase in the films by changing the composition; 50 nm thick polycrystalline Mn3+<italic>x</italic>Sn thin films were fabricated on Si/SiO2 substrates by the sputtering method followed by a thermal annealing process in vacuum. The film compositions were Mn70Sn30(sample-A), Mn75Sn25(sample-B), and Mn80Sn20(sample-C) in as-deposited state and were slightly changed to be Mn75Sn25(sample-A), Mn77Sn23(sample-B), and Mn78Sn22(sample-C), respectively, after the annealing at 500 °C. From a structural analysis by X-ray diffractometry, the sample-C was considered to crystallize to Mn3Sn phase without passing the crystallization of Mn2Sn phase at 300 °C, differently from the sample-A. The saturation magnetization, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M_{\mathrm {S}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, of the sample-A significantly increased below 250 K, corresponding with the Curie temperature of Mn2Sn. On the other hand, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M_{\mathrm {S}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> did not show significant changes with cooling temperature in the samples-B and -C. An AHE was observed at the room temperature in all the samples. The anomalous Hall conductivity, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma _{\mathrm {AH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, at the room temperature increased in magnitude, as the content of Mn increased. The sign of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma _{\mathrm {AH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> changed from negative to positive in the sample-A with cooling temperature. On the other hand, the sign remained negative in the sample-C. These differences might be due to the elimination of co-existing Mn2Sn phase in the Mn3Sn thin films with enlarging the Mn content from the stoichiometry. Consequently, we successfully improved the large AHE in polycrystalline antiferromagnetic Mn3Sn thin films.


Objectives: To compare the free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant potentials of balofloxacin versus prulifloxacin. Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity was determined using the method of Garret (1964). Sodium nitroprusside in aqueous solution at physiological pH spontaneously generates NO, which interacts with oxygen to produce nitrite ions which can be determined by the use of Griess ilosvay reaction. 2 mm of 10 mm sodium nitroprusside in 0.5 ml phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) was mixed with 0.5 ml prulifloxacin and balofloxacin at various concentrations and the mixture incubated at 25°C for 150 minutes. From the incubated mixture 0.5 ml was taken out and added into 1.0 ml sulfanilic acid reagent (30 in 20% glacial acetic acid) and incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes. Finally, 1.0 ml naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride (0.1% w/v) was mixed and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. The resultant absorbance was recorded at 540 nm usinga spectrometer. The percentage inhibition was calculated using the formula: Percentage inhibition = Abs control − Abs s am p l e   × 100 Abscontrol R esults: At concentration of 10, 20, 30, and 40 µg/ml percentage inhibition observed with prulifloxacin and balofloxacin was 40.94, 53.09, 66.25,88.06 and 34.49, 49.09, 60.42, and 73.14, respectively. C onclusion: Thus, this in vitro study suggests that both prulifloxacin and balofloxacin possess antioxidant properties. At the lower doses both the drugs show similar antioxidant profile, while at the higher doses the antioxidant potential of prulifloxacin is significantly high than balofloxacin. However, the preference of selecting one over the other depends on the indication as well as the risk-benefit ratio. Ke ywords: In vitro , Nitric oxide, Prulifloxacin, Balofloxacin.


The invention relates to a process for Umvinylierung a Eduktcarbonsaure with a Eduktvinylester to a Produktvinylester and the corresponding acid of Eduktvinylesters in the presence of one or more catalysts in a reactor at a temperature of 100 ° C to 170 ° C and a pressure of 2 bar Section. abs to 15 bar., wherein the Eduktvinylester that Eduktcarbonsaure and the catalyst are fed to a reactor, and the Umvinylierungsreaktion is performed, and is separated by distillation after completion of the Umvinylierungsreaktion the Produktvinylester from the reaction mixture, characterized in that the reaction mixture is expanded in a flash tank that is thereby obtained gaseous phase is then condensed and recycled to the reactor without further purification, and the thereby resulting liquid phase is removed in a first distillation of Eduktvinylester and corresponding acid and is separated in a further distillation step of the Produktvinylester of the reaction mixture.


At present, with the improvement of people's living standards in our country, people have higher requirements for quality of life. The emergence of cross-border e-commerce has further met people's living needs and better promoted the exchange of domestic and foreign trade. The rise of Kaola overseas shopping is also a representative platform for cross-border e-commerce. This paper will also use SWOT business model analysis and other methods to understand the development characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of Kaola Overseas Shopping. The state has increased its support for the e-commerce industry and adopted a variety of measures to guide the cross-border e-commerce industry to continuously innovate and seek the ultimate suitable operation and business model. In the trend of globalization, China's cross-border e-commerce industry is full of challenges and opportunities. The problems that need to be solved are how to adapt to the trend of The Times, rational use of technology, clear market positioning and consumer groups, and use of reasonable marketing and promotion means.


Since 16th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the middle class's growth has been a trend. The middle class will be the main part of the well-off (or Xiaokang) society in China. Its growth is good for social economic development and can stimulate social purchasing power and financial market. Its growth can also benefit the scale performance of financial industry, financial innovation, the management efficiency of financial institutions, the stabilization of financial system, the accumulation of private capital, and private investment and finance .


Security protocols are distributed algorithms for achieving security goals, like secrecy or authentication, even when communicating over an insecure network. They play a critical role in modern network and business infrastructures. This thesis focuses on the automated verification of security protocols based in the technique for symbolic adversaries proposed by Bana and Common-Lundh. This technique aims to deal with non-Dolev-Yao attacks and computational attacks. DolevYao model is basically an intruder model that defines the abilities of an intruder in the communication over an insecure network. A non-Dolev-Yao attack explores what is not covered by the intruder model to violate a cryptographic property of a protocol. And also, if we're using the Dolev-Yao model, which is a symbolic model, we're not able to detect computational attacks. This technique to deal with this issue uses an intruder model that instead of defining what are the abilities of the intruder, defines the axioms that the intruder cannot violate. This technique aims to combine the best of symbolic models with the best of computational models, achieving computational soundness. There already exists a tool that implements this technique (Scary), but besides using a forward search approach to explore the state space of a protocol, it also bounds the number of instances. To deal with this issue we're going to use backtracking, that is commonly used in other verification tools, such as Scyther. Scyther, like most tools, uses the Dolev-Yao intruder model, which means it is not able to deal with computational, non-Dolev-Yao attacks. For the purpose of not only implementing Bana-Common-Lundh technique, but also to exceed Scary limitations, we developed a tool that uses a backward approach to explore the state space, supporting this way an unlimited number of sessions. Also this tool relies on Scary to guarantee that the execution of the main algorithm of our tool is coherent with a certain set of axioms, like the freshness axiom, the non-malleability axiom, and so forth. The limitations of the tool are also presented in order to work coherently with the technique of Bana and Commom-Lundh. These limitations are related to the type of protocols that can be analysed (for example, protocols that use symmetric/asymmetric encryption) and the restrictions in which the protocols can be analysed. Finally for the validation and correctness of the this tool, we compared the obtained prototype with Scary, testing the NSL, Andrew Secure RPC and other minimal protocols that exemplify the usage of symmetric and asymmetric encryption. The comparison with Scary is important, since it implements the same technique the prototype implements. Palavras Chave Keywords


The kinetic of ethene polymerization catalyzed by ( n BuCp) 2 ZrCl 2 /Al i Bu 3 /[Me 2 PhNH] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - has been investigated at 100 and 140° C at pressures from 2 to 7 MPa. The initial polymerization rate R p0 increases linearly with increasing catalyst concentration, whereas a second-order dependence of R p0 on the ehene concentration is found the number-average molecular weight M n increases with increasing ethene pressure (ethene concentration). The relation between M n and ethene concentration can be explained by an equation based on a kinetic model involving a single center, two-state catalyst system.


In this study, it is proposed a deep neural network approach, which has the capability to extract superior features on complex and nonlinear time series data, for forecasting global solar irradiance more accurately. This approach has also been used to expose both the relationship between input data and output data, as well as the contribution of input data to the output data. Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to develop an accurate and effective prediction model using the LSTM neural network due to a rapidly growing interest in solar power generation. It is aimed to reveal that the proposed model based on a deep learning approach outperforms compared to machine learning models and statistical models. Theory and Methods: To overcome the complexity and nonlinearity issues in time series forecasting, the LSTM neural network that is a variation of the recurrent neural network is used to predict daily global solar irradiance. The effectiveness of the suggested method is compared with the state of the art machine learning algorithms such as Decision Tree Regression, Random Forest Regression, Gradient Boosting, and K-Nearest Neighbor. Results: To evaluate the performance of the proposed model for daily global solar irradiance, it is compared by four metrics comprising MAE, RMSE, MAPE, and r2. The results have shown that the proposed LSTM model is more effective and superior according to the other benchmark models. Conclusion: In this study, it has been suggested a deep LSTM model based on deep learning for forecasting daily global solar irradiance more accurately. The presented LSTM model can extract Abstract Global solar radiation estimation is increasingly acquiring more importance to ensure effective management and operation of solar energy systems as well as providing reliable information about the future power generation. In this study, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has been suggested to effectively model the daily solar radiation prediction problem. The effectiveness of the suggested method compared with the state of the art machine learning algorithms such as Decision Tree Regression, Random Forest Regression, Gradient Boosting and K-Nearest Neighbor. Daily solar irradiance sequential time series data in Çorum - Turkey between January-1983 and December-2018 have been used to validate the effectiveness of the suggested LSTM method. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that LSTM method has generally better performance than the other machine learning models.


Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder, characterized by the primary symptoms of inattention and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity. This study is a clinical report of 1 ADHD child treated with Neurofeedback therapy from Feb. to May 2005. Conners' parent rating scale, Korean Personality Inventory for children(KPI-C), Basic Academic Skills Assessment(BASA : Reading) was compared between before and after Neurofeedback therapy, and the EEG data of each cession was analysed. The results show the Neurofeedback therapy is efficient in the treatment of ADHD.


Current political crisis in Sudan have roots in lags of economic development and mismanagement. The result is food insecurity degeneration of the country's mainstay, the agricultural sector and underdevelopment of it secondary sector. The paper review issues on historical development of the agricultural sector with recent data.


In this paper, we present Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry and high-resolution spectra of the short-period Algol EW Boo. We obtained double-lined radial velocities (RVs) from the time-series spectra and measured the effective temperature of the primary star as T eff,1 = 8560 ± 118 K. For the orbital period study, we collected all times of minima available for over the last 30 yr. It was found that the eclipse timing variation of the system could be represented by a periodic oscillation of 17.6 ± 0.3 yr with a semiamplitude of 0.0041 ± 0.0001 day. The orbital and physical parameters were derived by simultaneously analyzing the TESS light and RV curves using the Wilson–Devinney (WD) binary star modeling code. The component masses and radii were showed over 3% precision: M 1 = 2.67 ± 0.08 M ⊙, M 2 = 0.43 ± 0.01 M ⊙, R 1 = 2.01 ± 0.02 R ⊙, and R 2 = 1.35 ± 0.01 R ⊙. Furthermore, multiple frequency analyses were performed for the light-curve residuals from the WD model. As a result, we detected 17 pressure-mode pulsations in the region of 40.15–52.37 day−1. The absolute dimensions and pulsation characteristics showed that the δ Sct pulsator was the more massive and hotter primary star of the EW Boo.


The rice weevil, Calandra ot:yzae and the small rice weevil, C. sasakii .collected from 'different countries in the world show differences {n both physiological and ecological characters, and these differences among intergeographical strains often exceed those of inter-species. Some works have been reported by'KONO (1955), SATOMI (1955, 1957) and NISHIGAKI (1958). The occurrence and dist'ribution of the Calandua spp. have been reported by the author (KIRITANI and UTIDA, 1956, KIRITANI, in press).・ In Japan, the rice weevil which has the ability to fly infests standing crops in the field, on the other hand, the damage caused by the small rice weevil is restricted to the stored eereals because of the abgence of the ability to fly. Consequently, its spread in distribution completely depends on the


Dual nature of personal right and right of property,exclusiveness and public nature and nature of share,individualism and social nature in the intellectual property right are analysed in this paper.On the basis of using protective principles of international intellectual property right and its related fruits,this paper also discusses the interest coordinating principles among inventors,patentees,operative subjects and government in China's spreading agricultural technology of public welfare.


In order to optimize the content and method in teaching calisthenics,reasonable and feasible teaching content is designed through analysis and statistical processing of related literature and collected data,and teaching process is optimized by adopting multimedia CAI courseware.These measures promote the main body role of the students and anticipated effects of improving teaching and students′ body quality are achieved,which embodies advance of teaching content and scientificity of CAI courseware design.


The article examines the plans of American intelligence services for the use of Russian emigration in Europe and the United States during the initial period of the Cold War. The deterioration of bilateral relations makes the issues connected with the semicentenial military and political confrontation of the superpowers relevant again. The study of historical experience is essential today to identify the forms and methods of using the national diaspora in the interests of foreign states, which is critical for understanding a possible development of events and for designing an actual and variable policy towards compatriots abroad. The insights of the American intelligence services into the social composition, political structure and centres of political influences are reconstructed on the basis of declassified documents of the US State Department, the Central Intelligence Agency, materials of meetings of interdepartmental groups and committees, some of which are introduced into science for the first time. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, American intelligence officers created American and Russian public associations in America and Europe which acted as cover-up organizations for operations of information-psychological warfare. The process of creating those associations is studied using the example of the American Committee for the Liberation of Peoples of Russia and the Council for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia. The author reveals the reasons why the creation of a single emigrant anti-communist organization as an instrument of a political war was found to be unpromising back in the early 1950s, formulates the general conceptual approaches of American intelligence services to the use of Russian emigration on the Cold War fronts, including those that still remain relevant today.


The invention relates to a sliding door system for vehicles with a roller element (1) which is guided in a direction substantially parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis running rail (5). The running rail (5) encloses a vertically oriented web on three sides and the roller element (1) comprises at least two rollers (3, 4), of which at least an upper roller (3) to the top cover (6) of the web and the lower roller ( 4) (at the lower end 7) of the web rolls, said upper cover (6) and lower termination (7) each have oppositely oriented V-shaped. An upper roller (3) and a lower roller (4) are connected by a fork which is biased by a spring element so that both rollers (3, 4) are pressed against its rolling surfaces.


The fortuitous positioning of the Schweizer and Middleditch OB subdwarf behind SN1006 has permitted the detection and subsequent confirmation by IUE of broad (±5000 km/s) Fe II absorption features which probably arise from unshocked iron ejecta in the center of SN1006. The mass of detected Fe II, ∽0.012 M ⊙ , is however only 1/25 of the ∽0.3 M ⊙ of Fe within ±5000 km/s predicted by carbon deflagration models. IR and optical observations exclude any appreciable iron in grains or Fe I, but high ion stages, Fe III and up, oould be present. Promising mechanisms for ionizing the unshocked iron in SN1006 include the radioactive decay of 44 Ti, and photoionization by UV and X-ray emission from the reverse shock. Although the photoionization model works, insofar as it permits as much as 0.2 M ⊙ of unshocked iron in the center of SN1006, agreement with the IUE data requires that the ejecta density profile be flatter, less centrally concentrated, than the W7 deflagration model of Nomoto, Thielemann, and Yokoi.


Background: metabolic syndrome (MetS) - combination of insulin resistance with abdominal obesity, high blood pressure and dyslipidaemia - is associated with early, virulent atherosclerosis. Main pathogenic link in this process is dyslipidaemia with the inflammation in intimamedia of arteries. Purpose: To investigate whether serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration has influence on fatty acids composition (FAC) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Material and methods: We studied concentration of SAA and FAC of HDL in 88 patients with MetS (mean age 39.7+-3.4; 45 – males, 43 – females) and 16 healthy adults (mean age 39.7+-3.4; 8 – males, 8 – females). The MetS was diagnosed according to ATP III. SAA was measured by IFA, FAC was measured by gas chromatography. Results: Concentration of SAA was significantly higher in MetS patients compared to the control results. In FAC of HDL were found following changes: increase of saturated fatty acids, particularly myristic acid (5.3 fold) (which is characteristic of atherogenous process of high intensity), 1.8 fold decrease of stearic acid, decrease of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic acid (1.63 fold), decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, docosahexaenoic (DHA) - (2.5 fold),and eicosapentaenoic acid (7.9 fold). Sitrong correlation was found between concentration of SAA and quantity of fatty acids: myristic (r=0.83, p<0.0001), palmitoleic (r=0.49, p<0.0001), linolenic (r=-0.56, p<0.0001), arachidonic (r=-0.48, p<0.0001), DHA (r=-0.67, p<0.0001). Conclusion: In MetS patients there was significant rise of serum concentration of SAA, that had strong correlation with changes of HDL FAC and could be possible cause of decreasing of their antiatherogenic activity.


AbstractRepetitive loading can induce volumetric and shear strain accumulation in soils and affect the long-term performance of engineered and natural geosystems. A hybrid numerical scheme based on the FEM is implemented to analyze problems where a very large number of cycles is involved. The numerical approach combines a classical mechanical constitutive model to simulate the static load and the first load cycle and empirical accumulation functions to track the accumulation of deformations during repetitive loading. The hybrid model captures fundamental characteristics of soil behavior under repetitive loading, such as threshold strains, terminal density, and ratcheting response; it also predicts volumetric and shear strains as a function of the static stress obliquity, the number of load cycles, and the plastic strain during the first load cycle. The proposed numerical scheme is used to analyze shallow foundations subjected to repetitive loads. Results show the evolution of vertical settlement, horizont...


A histological survey of 383 tumours primary in the palate revealed a salivary gland tumour in 170 cases; 95 benign and 75 malignant. The benign tumours were all adenomas, 61 of pleomorphic and 34 of monomorphic type. Three of the 75 malignant cases were denoted as carcinomas in pleomorphic adenoma. The incidence of monomorphic adenomas is higher in the palate than in the parotid and subman-dibular glands. Lack of encapsulation was found a common feature but was not considered a histological sign of malignancy. In 88 patients with adenomas followed up for 5–45 years, local recurrences arose in 7 cases, in 5 with pleomorphic and in 2 with monomorphic adenoma. None of the patients with a salivary gland adenoma had metastasis or died of the tumour disease. There was no difference in the clinical outcome between patients with pleomorphic and monomorphic adenomas. Two of the 3 patients with carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma succumbed to metastasizing tumour and the third patient died of in-tercurrent disease. P...


There are critically effected for human life which is environmental disasters such as green-house gases, environmental pollution, and climate change. Recently, we consider our quality of life unlike the past so emphasize sustainable economic growth. However, modern buildings are the beauty-conscious. In this study will use a variety of louver system. So, you will find the optimal louver system. This study is the future will be utilized in the early stages of the architectural design.


An 80-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate meat and bone meal (MBM) as replacement of protein concentrate (PC) in practical diets for sutchi catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus. Triplicate groups of juvenile sutchi catfish (initial weight 4.80 g) were stocked at the rate of 20,000 fish/ha in 12 earthen ponds (30 m2 each). Four isocaloric diets (4.12 kcal/g) were formulated by replacing 0 (Diet 1, control), 33 (Diet 2), 67 (Diet 3), and 100% (Diet 4) PC protein with MBM. The growth parameters [final weight, % weight gain, and specific growth rate (SGR)] of fish fed Diets 1, 2, and 3 were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from each other but were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in Diet 4. The protein content in fish fed Diet 4 was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the others. The total production of fish in different treatments ranged between 1917 and 2648 kg/ha/80 d. A simple economic analysis determined that the highest net profit (Tk. 52,965/ha) was obtained with Diet 2 and the lowest (Tk. 27,127/ha) with Diet 4 having 100% PC protein replacement. From the results of the study it is concluded that MBM can substitute up to 67% PC protein in catfish diet without hampering the growth and feed utilization.


Medical Informatics has become a major player in the advancement of medicine. This article presents a comprehensive look into the advantages and opportunities that medical informatics offers physicians with little or no computer knowledge. It consolidates existing data from other sources addressing the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and the related issues of office management workflow, cost structures and implementation with a particular emphasis for Allergy specialists. It also presents items to consider when evaluating a software solution as well as providing references to learn more about medical informatics. With HIPAA mandating that health care providers come into compliance for security standards by April 14, 2003, an EMR may be an economical and feasible method of meeting these requirements.


We present a systematic study of defects in thinfilms of cylinder-forming block copolymers upon long-term thermal or solvent annealing. In particular, we consider in detail the peculiarities of both classical and specific topological defects, and conclude that there is a strong "defect structurechain mobility" relationship in blockcopolymers.Inthesystemsstudied,representativedefectconfigurationsprovideconnectivityoftheminority phaseintheformofdislocationswithaclosedcylinderendorclassicaldisclinationswithincorporatedalternative, nonbulk structures with planar symmetry. In solvent-annealedfilms with enhanced chain mobility, the neck defects(bridgesbetweenparallelcylinders)wereobserved.Thistypeofnonsingulardefecthasnotbeenidentified in block copolymer systems before. We argue that topological arguments and 2D defect representation, sufficient for lamellar systems, are not sufficient to determine the stability and mobility of defects in the cylindrical phase. In-situscanning force microscopy measurements are compared with the simulations based on the dynamic self- consistent meanfield theory. The close match between experimental measurements and simulation results suggests that the lateral defect motion is diffusion-driven. In addition, 3D simulations demonstrated that the bottom (wetting) layer is only weakly involved into the structure ordering at the free surface. Finally, the morphological evolution is considered with the focus on the motion and interaction of the representative defect configurations.