An illumination system (100) comprises: a plurality of lighting devices (150); a control device (110); and a sensor (140) which detects the brightness of at least two illumination devices (150) of the plurality of lighting devices (150) illuminated area, wherein the control device (110) comprises a lighting control device (114) operable in a plurality of operating modes is, wherein the plurality of operating modes comprises a sensor mode and wherein when the lighting control device (114) receives an instruction for operating in the sensing mode, the lighting control device (114) (a) performs a transition control for controlling the at least two lights (150) by it transmits a transition instruction to cause the at least two illumination devices (150) provide an illumination having a predetermined dimming level without using a result of detection by the sensor (140), and (b) a dimming control for controlling the at least two lighting devices ( 150) carries, in order, u cause the by the result of detection by the sensor (140) displayed brightness approaches to the transfer of the transition instruction to the target value.


As long as possible to limit ice crystal growth, plant antifreeze protein is incorporated into a frozen confectionery article is advantageous.


A lattice-kinetic Monte Carlo model is established to study the dynamic mechanism during the early growing of Si/Si(111).The diffusion processes of adatoms that influence the micro-morphology of thin film are discussed under the different substrate temperatures and deposition time,such as the micro-processes of diffusion,nucleation,and growth of island.


The invention relates to a process for its preparation titanate luminescent material. A titanate-emitting material has the following chemical formula. Here, @ represents coatings, Pr Titanate-emitting materials described above are charged compensating material, for example Al Moreover, high stability of the titanate-emitting materials described above, the light emitting performance is good, it can be used as a red light-emitting material of the cathode ray apparatus. The manufacturing method of titanates emitting material technology is simple, contamination is small, the control is easy, low equipment requirements, suitable for industrial production.


In Slovenia the use of reclaimed asphalt in asphalt production is still underdeveloped in comparation to other european states. The goal of our research is to encourage the use of recycled asphalt by the determination of its characteristics in comparison to conventional asphalt mixes with virgin materials using the state-of-the-art testing methods, that is by stiffness modulus testing according to EN 12697-26. Processing can be done in-situ, for example recycling with foamed bitumen or with emulsion or in asphalt plant, using hot or cold feed of reclaimed asphalt. We compared the characteristics of some typical foamed bitumen stabilised mixes for base courses, designed for all classes of traffic loads, with different quantities of RAP and recycled in-situ with foamed bitumen.


Suppose that G is a finite simple graph with |V(G)| = 2n (n ≠ 3). a partition (X,Y) of V(G) is balanced if

(i) |X| = |Y| = n,

(ii) δ(X) ≥ 1, δ(Y) ≥ 1.

Where δ(X) is the minimum degree of the induced subgraph 〈X〉 with vertex set X.

We prove that if |E(G)| ≥ (n2 + n + 2)/2 and G is connected, then G contains a balanced partition. The result is sharp.


The way a person orders his food is the next big thing that technology aims to change. The purpose of the study is to empirically examine the factors determining the behavioral intention of customers towards online food delivery services with food delivery aggregators in India. The study has segmented the online food delivery (OFD) dimension into two domains, namely performance and experience factors. Performance factor includes technical attributes like website quality including features like ease of navigation, information quality, and interaction and control over order. Experience factor includes constructs like convenience, price value, and perceived credibility. Three hundred four questionnaires were collected to empirically test the research model using PLS path modeling and important performance matrix approach. The data was collected during pandemic period when people needed to be ensured by the service provider of the hygiene and safety protocols followed by them, ensuring credibility.


The nonlinear multiple regression analysis based on kernel function was used to solve the baseline equation of Rolls-Royce's(RR's)engine.The standard kernel function was established and then the deviation model of performance parameters was established.The deviation calculated by factory system was used as target value,and other relevant parameters of the measured values as input,the unknown coefficient could quickly converge and be solved by Gauss-Newton iterative method in nonlinear multiple regression analysis,and the accurate baseline was obtained by ordering the equation.The accurate engine baseline function obtained by the proposed method could satisfy practical application requirements.


Based on the academic review of company's internaitonal strategy theory, the paper constructs a multi-stage model, in which a company on the move of international market will experience the introduction stage, host market localization stage and global integration stage. In each stage, the company has its own marketing goals and strategies and the specific marketing stimilus push it to the next higher stage. Finally the paper analyzes the model's generalization and applications in Chinese enterprises and PG in China market.


This study considers the development and use of RoutePlanner, which is a model for the visualization process to transform raw data in a data warehouse into required insight, specifically in the domain of insurance brokerage. Each broker has a portfolio of clients, whose data is stored in a database that is accessed by a financial needs analysis system. This system does not provide an adequate overview of the portfolio, thus brokers are unable to obtain the holistic perspective required for the identification of client needs and marketing opportunities. This paper introduces RoutePlanner, a model of the visualization process, used to plan the route from raw data to required insight. Empirical research investigated whether the use of RoutePlanner led to increased awareness of visualization on the part of brokers and whether it resulted in successful visualizations of brokerage data by users who are not technological experts. Key terms: Data warehouse, experiment, evaluation, guidelines, identification, selection, evaluation, visualization methods, visualization process.


The state of the national economy is known to be of fundamental consequence for presidential fortunes, which implies that citizens (1) believe presidents exert substantial control over the national economy and, consequently, (2) hold presidents accountable for economic conditions. Yet the ability of presidents to control the national economy is highly constrained. Thus, we know relatively little about how citizens come to perceive the presidency as being so responsible for economic outcomes. Using a survey experiment, this study examines whether presidential campaigns, and candidates' claims specifically, are capable of shaping citizens' perceptions of presidential responsibility for the economy. Paradoxically, the results reveal that the public is inclined to hold presidents accountable for the economy to a significantly greater extent than it perceives presidents to actually control the economy. Moreover, the results suggest that, by deliberately omitting information about the constraints on presidential power over the economy, candidates' claims may play an important role in perpetuating unrealistic expectations of the president among the general public.


Objective:To observe the effect of Simiao Yong'an decoction(SMYA) on blood lipid and hemorheology in thromboangitis obliterans(TAO) rats.Method:Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group,model group,mailuoning group(2.7 g·kg-1),low,medium and high dose groups of SMYA(24.3,16.2,8.1 g·kg-1).The drugs were administrated to rats for 15 days.The rat TAO model was made by injecting sodium laurate into the femoral artery of rats,and the level of serum lipid and blood rheology were tested.Result:SMYA could obviously lower triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),oxidized-low density lipoprotein(OX-LDL),blood viscosity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values,and increase high density lipoprotein(HDL).Conclusion:SMYA can adjust fatty substance metabolism and lower blood lipid and improve hemorrheology of TAO rats,and has therapentic effect on TAO.


The series of statements here concern the ad ministrator's role in improving instruction. Each of them is stated as a proposition that can be argued endlessly; the author is prepared to do exactly that, he says, but not in this article.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the clinical features of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disease (NMOSD) with connective tissue disease (CTD).

METHODS
The clinical features of 184 NMO/NMOSD patients (NMO/NMOSD: 119/184, 64.7%; NMO/NMOSD-CTD: 65/184, 35.3%) from May 2013 to May 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. And the effectiveness of long-term treatment of immunosuppressive drugs in NMOSD was evaluated.

RESULTS
NMO/NMOSD-CTD patients had significantly higher female percentage (93.8% vs 83.2%, P < 0.05) and significantly higher percentage of patients with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)-restricted oligoclonal band (OB)(41.5% vs 21.9%, P < 0.05). As compared with NMO/NMOSD-CTD counterparts, NMO/NMOSD patients had significantly higher percentage of non-specific lesions on brain MRI (62.5% vs 35.9%, P < 0.01). After >6 months consecutive long-term treatment of immunosuppressive drugs, the relapse rate post-treatment (0.36 ± 0.85) was significantly lower than that pre-treatment (2.91 ± 4.10, P < 0.01). And no significant difference existed in expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score between pre-and post-treatment. When using azathioprine (AZA), the percentage of relapse was significantly higher in NMO/NMOSD-CTD patients (50.0%) versus NMO/NMOSD ones (18.5%, P = 0.064); When using cyclophosphamide (CTX), there was no such significant difference.

CONCLUSION
Female patients are more susceptible to have NMO/NMOSD with CTD. NMO/NMOSD-CTD patients tend to have higher percentage of CSF-restricted OB and fewer non-specific lesions on brain MRI. AZA and CTX may effectively reduce relapses in both NMO/NMOSD and NMO/NMOSD-CTD patients. However CTX is superior to AZA for reducing relapses in NMO/NMOSD-CTD patients.


Hundreds of patients are treated for burn injuries each year at University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. Pain management is particularly challenging during dressing changes and following skin grafting procedures. We performed a retrospective chart review from January 2011 through June 2018 to evaluate the effect of non-opioid analgesic medications on opioid use in non-intubated patients. Our primary outcome was the change in opioid use following the procedure. We found that most patients (69%) report severe pain (NRS ≥7) immediately after autologous skin grafting. On average, patients required an additional 52 mg of oral morphine equivalents (ME) in the 24 hours after the procedure compared to the 24 hours before. The use of perioperative non-opioid analgesia varied between patients (acetaminophen 29%, gabapentin 29%, ketamine 35% and all three 8%). Patients who received either gabapentin or a combination of acetaminophen, gabapentin and ketamine had a smaller increase in their opioid use than patients who did not receive the medications (-25 ME, 95% CI [-46, -4]; p=0.018 and -47 ME [-81, -11]; p=0.010 respectively). These results support using a combination of acetaminophen, gabapentin and ketamine for perioperative analgesia in burn patients undergoing autologous skin grafting.


The invention relates to flame-retardant and fireproof fabric, and a processing technology and textile thereof. Warp yarns adopt wool tops formed by blending flame-retardant acrylic, flame viscose, fine-denier polyester and aramid fiber 1313 fiber; weft yarns adopt wool tops formed by blending alginate fiber, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfonamide and phenolic fiber; then the warp yarns and the weft yarns form the flame-retardant and fireproof fabric through steps of dyeing, fixation, rinsing, sizing, weaving, desizing, rinsing, drying, baking, full decatizing and the like. The fabric has the characteristics of simple processing technology, good flame-retardant effect and the like, and can be applied to apparel, home textile, sports goods, medical care and fireproof fabric.


Safety and stability is the most common values for people living in unstable society. Under such circumstances any social innovations meet counteraction and fears. We term it as innovative fobias. Innovative fobias lead to social passivity and interferes social development. From our theoretical perspective, traumatic component of innovative fobias which arise from social actions may be effectively overcome by sociological and psychological intervention. The main aim of intervention might be reinterpretation of values underlining innovative processes.


Abstract: GPS-based attitude system is an important research field, since it is a valuable technique for the attitude determination of platforms. There exist two classes approaches for attitude determination using the GPS. The one determines attitude via baseline estimates in two frames, the other one solves for attitude by incorporating the attitude parameters directly into the GPS measurements. However, comparisons between these two classes approaches have been unexplored. First of all, two algorithms are introduced in detail which on behalf of these two kinds of approaches. Then we present numerical simulations demonstrating the performance of our algorithms and provide a comparison evaluating.


The classical and continuum limit of a quantum gravitational setting could lead, at mesoscopic regimes, to a very different notion of geometry with respect to the pseudo-Riemannian one of special and general relativity. A possible way to characterize this modified spacetime notion is by a momentum-dependent metric, in such a way that particles with different energies could probe different spacetimes. Indeed, doubly special relativity theories, deforming the special relativistic kinematics while maintaining a relativity principle, have been understood within a geometrical context, by considering a curved momentum space. The extension of these momentum spaces to curved spacetimes and its possible phenomenological implications have been recently investigated. Following this line of research, we address here the first two laws of black holes thermodynamics in the context of a cotangent bundle metric, depending on both momentum and spacetime coordinates, compatible with the relativistic deformed kinematics of doubly special relativity.


This research study essentially aims at understanding the concept of Training and Development and empirically measures the employee perception of effectiveness of various components of a Training program in Indian Public Sector Undertakings. The data, collected from 78 employees of two leading Indian PSUs based at Hyderabad, through a structured questionnaire, reveals that PSUs give adequate importance to T&D programs. They are well planned, periodically evaluated and are handled by competent faculty making them extremely effective. The respondents opine that the programs helped them to acquire technical knowledge and skills, laid adequate emphasis on developing their managerial capabilities and adequately developed their human relations competencies. It is concluded that there is ample evidence of evaluation and objective assessment of effectiveness and outcomes of training and development programs in PSUs.


1* , Victor Niţă Abstract The Japanese shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus is recorded for the first time from a Black Sea locality: Tomis Marina in Constanţa, Romania. The suggested vector of introduction is as adults in the hull fouling of yachts. The species has not established and salinity requirements for larval development make it unlikely that it will ever establish in the Black Sea.


We review literature relevant to forward genetics and consider when and how it could be applied to better understand C4photosynthesis.


Closed expression for volume as function of pressure and temperature has been verified for over 250 liquids. Equation can assist chemical engineers, soild-state researchers, and others with interest in thermodynamic behavior of liquids.


It is said that target population is an initial factor in urban and regional planning. Target population is goal as well as contents of urban and regional planning. It is no exaggeration to say that success and failure of urban planning depends on population projection as exactly as possible. Since 1962, each city of Korea has established and enforced its urban planning; strictly speaking, there has been not sufficient effect analysis of urban planning, not to mention population projection. This paper aims at analyzing the followings. 1) Procedure and method of establishing target population. 2) Range and size of the variation between goal and achievement in population projection. 3) Evaluation of techniques on planning population setting. 4) Improvement of techniques of minimizing the variation between goal and achievement in population projection.


Summary Properties of cells derived from papillomata lesions of bovine ocular squamous-cell carcinoma grown in vitro are described. The cells have been observed, after 7 or more passages, to exhibit cytoplasmic changes which commonly result in loss of the culture. In some cultures changes have not been observed after more than 50 passages. The nature of the changes is being investigated.


Ranjana and articulate woman with a Masters Degree in English Literature was married into a well-to-do business family from a small town in Uttar Pradesh. In the first four years of marriage she gave birth to two daughters. Her parents-in-law were unhappy but decided to wait. During the third pregnancy Ranjana was persuaded to undergo a sex determination test. She was gently asked to abort the baby. Seeing her upset and horrified they let her go through her pregnancy. The fourth time they gave her an ultimatum - to be turned out of the house or abort the baby girl. Ranjana complied. The sixth pregnancy turned out to be another nightmare. Finally the seventh pregnancy yielded a baby boy. She could not get herself to hold the baby or breast-feed him - the guilt of killing two girls to beget one boy filled her with revulsion. Around the same time newspapers carried pictures of three girls who had hanged themselves to death in Kanpur the day their mother gave birth to a baby boy after three daughters and three abortions. She reached out to the three sobbing daughters. The bewildered mother-in-law was left holding her precious grandson. Rehana a strong-willed middle-school graduate from the green revolution area Western UP was married into a family of artisans. She gave birth to five beautiful daughters in the first seven years of marriage. Her husband and parents-in-law wanted her to try again with the hope of a boy. Rehana resisted. She went to a local doctor and got contraceptive pills which she took every morning. She started working in a non-formal education programme for girls run by a voluntary organisation. Over the years she gained self- confidence. Moving around her locality persuading women to send their daughters to school gave her a totally new perspective. Her husband became jealous of her celebrity status and told her that unless she agreed to have another child he would prevent her from working. He even threatened to turn her out of the house with her daughters. She struck a deal only one pregnancy. As luck would have it the sixth child was a boy. (excerpt)


Earth observation sciences, astronomy, and seismology have large data sets which have inherently rich spatial and geospatial information. In combination with large collections of semantically rich objects which have a large number of thematic properties, they form a new source of knowledge for urban planning, smart cities and natural resource management.

Modeling and storing these properties indicating the relationships between them is best handled in a relational database. Furthermore, the scalability requirements posed by the latest 26-attribute light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data sets are a challenge for file-based solutions.

In this demo we show how to query a 640 billion point data set using a column store enriched with GIS functionality. Through a lightweight and cache conscious secondary index called Imprints, spatial queries performance on a flat table storage is comparable to traditional file-based solutions. All the results are visualised in real time using QGIS.


The republication after 40 years of T. H. Marshall's Citizenship and Social Class signifies a revived interest in sociolegal historical approaches to citizenship rights. For decades students have been guided by Marshall's classic treatise. But can Marshall's argument for the causal power of the "transition from feudalism to capitalism" continue to provide an adequate grounding for sociolegal approaches to citizenship and rights formation? Building on Marshall's path-breaking expansion of the concept of citizenship, I use institutional analysis and causal narrativity to present an alternative explanation. I argue that modem citizenship rights me a contingent outcome of the convergence of England's medieval legal revolutions with its regionally varied local legal and political cultures, not of the emergence of capitalist markets.


In order to accelerate the development of Yunnan agriculture, promote the adjustment of its industrial structure, actualize a powerful province of green economy and build a comfortably well-off society, it is imperative to develop Yunnan characteristic agriculture. According to the development status quo of Yunnan characteristic agriculture, and the analysis of its beneficial conditions and restrict factors,the general ideas, principles and emphases on speeding up the further development of Yunnan characteristic agriculture were put forward.


Abstract : Physiologists evaluated chemical warfare (CW) protective clothing ensembles worn by 8 volunteers working (M=170 W/sq m) for 3 hours in up to 5 different environments, consisting of a control (22.2 C/50% r.h.), and a warm humid (29.4 C/45% r.h.), a hot humid (35 C/60% r.h.) with and without a 4.5 m/ sec wind, and a hot dry (48.9 C/20% r.h.) climate. The evaluated uniforms were the British Mark III, two-piece, permeable CW outfit and the Norwegian Helly- Hansen, one-piece, semi-permeable garment. The Mark III was evaluated alone, with the wet-weather (WW) gear over it to make the CW garment impermeable, and finally with a wettable cover (WC) over the WW to alleviate some of the thermal stress. All CW clothing ensembles consisted of the standard Navy utility uniform (chambray shirt and denim trousers), CW uniform, standard U.S. Army butyl boots and gloves, and Navy Mark V mask. This study revealed the following: (1) the least stressful CW ensemble was the Mark III with no overgarment; (2) the Norwegian and Mark III + WW uniforms were the most stressful and created almost identical thermal stress, except for lower skin temperatures and higher evaporation rates with the Norwegian uniforms; and (3) heat stress can be somewhat alleviated, and tolerance time thereby increased, with the use of an outer wettable cover over impermeable CW garments.


The invention relates to a purification method of kutkin I, which comprises the following step: by using a rhizoma picrorhizae extract with the kutkin I purity of not lower than 75% as a raw material and ethanol or an ethanol-water mixture as a solvent, carrying out crystallization and recrystallization purification on the kutkin I. The method is simple and convenient, has the characteristics of favorable reproducibility, high purity, high yield and high operability, and is especially suitable for large-scale industrialization.


Intra-impurity transitions of the Mg acceptor in cubic phase GaN were measured with the use of photothermal ionization spectroscopy. Apart from the photoionization band several sharp features were detected, related to internal Mg-acceptor transitions. The transitions were identified with the help of effective-mass model calculations involving light- and heavy-hole as well as spin-orbit split-off bands. Transitions to resonant states, associated with the spin-orbit split-off valence band, were also identified. The determined hole binding energy of the Mg acceptor in zinc-blende GaN is 236 ′ 1 meV.


History In the late 1950s, conventional EMG had been proven to be a useful complement in the evaluation of patients with neuromuscular disorders. The method had then been tested in some laboratories for a decade. At this time Dr Jan Ekstedt and myself were introduced to research in the Dept of Pharmacology, Uppsala. Our mentor, Prof Bárány, suggested to us to study fatigue of skeletal muscle. Could this be reduced pharmacologically in the same way as the heart muscle can be strengthened? For that we needed techniques to measure fatigue. Trials with mechanical force measurements with strain gauges in combination with various recordings of electrical muscle activity, electromyography (EMG), were the basic methods to be used. With insufficient information from these routine methods, we concentrated on the improvements of the EMG methods and tried surface EMG, wire electrodes and conventional concentric needle EMG. Inspired by multielectrode studies by Buchthal and collaborators, we started to construct multielectrodes, but smaller and more selective than those previously used. This ended with various multielectrodes with the recording wires sized 25μm in diameter, that is smaller than a normal muscle fibre, exposed in a side-port close to the tip of a small cannula. We recorded brief signals, the nature of which finally, after experiments with ischaemia, curare, simulations, special electrode configurations, were proven to represent activity from single muscle fibers. This resulted in two PhD theses, one on the recording method itself and the description of the jitter phenomenon and one the measurements of propagation velocity and "fatigue" in single muscle fibres. Without substantial work on the original project on fatigue we left the institution and moved to the clinical side, Ekstedt to neurology, and I to clinical neurophysiology. I now had the chance to test this new method in patients, and successively implement it for routine use.


We discuss the use of differentiated methods in teaching English for specific purposes to students of non-linguistic specialities. Admittedly, within the framework of the Bologna process, foreign language proficiency is regarded as one of the main cross-cultural competences to ensure competitiveness on the global labor market. At the same time, the Bologna system has brought with it a number of challenges with shortage of academic hours being amongst them. On the other hand, university professors have to deal with numerous long-standing school problems, such as lack of academic motivation in learners, their target language knowledge gaps, short-term approach found in learners and their parents, and so on. The teachers in ESP face the necessity of setting priority areas for the development of linguistic competence in students in order to prepare them for professional communication in the chosen field. Although the language classroom is to cover various aspects of the target language, in the meantime, however, teachers need to choose effective activities for developing specific skills in students, the skills which will be successfully put into practice by the young professionals. We teach students of musical, economic, medical and pedagogical specialities. We describe our teaching experience focusing on some specific methods applied to promote linguistic competence in students of other than linguistic fields. They maintain the significance of carefully chosen teaching resources for successful development of professionally related competences in learners; emphasize the vital importance attached to thoughtful arrangement of self-studies for the trainees and insist on developing a well-balanced structure of supervised and independent learner studies. We consider applying information technologies with the aim of shaping and raising the level of students' linguistic, cross-cultural and communicative competences as one of optimal solutions in the modern academic process. At the same time, the learners' major will often determine and enhance the choice of activities that develop the particular skills relevant for the students' future careers. Therefore, this study will consider the types of tasks methodologically relevant for different specialities.


Over-grazing, bush encroachment and alien species invasion are having negative impacts on livestock production in the rangelands of Sub-Saharan Africa, thus threatening rural livelihoods in the region. Leaf area index (LAI) can be used as an indicator or an early warning signal of changes in rangeland conditions. The aims of this study were to (i) assess the accuracy of the existing MODIS LAI product for key land cover classes and biomes in South Africa and (ii) assess the accuracy of LAI retrieved by the inversion of PROSAIL radiative transfer model. The MODIS LAI estimates were particularly poor for grassland and Karoo biomes for the period under investigation (November 2012 to February 2013). More accurate estimates of LAI values (RMSE = 0.9) across three major biomes were generated by inverting model outputs from PROSAIL radiative transfer model on MODIS imagery.


Abstract : This research memorandum examines how the definition of the continuation rate for Naval officers is implemented using data from the Officer Master File. Continuation rates are measured for a cohort of officers defined by their designator and year group. Several conceptual and data problems arise because the simple definition of the continuation rate does not account for various inflows and outflows for specific cohorts. The effect of including or excluding various subgroups within a cohort is considered using pilots from year groups 73 through 78 for the period from 1980 through 1986. Keywords: Attrition, Naval personnel, Officer personnel, Personnel retention, Pilots, Statistical analysis, Statistical data.


As an example of how spinor methods can be applied to the positive-mass theorem, a simple, spinor-based proof of the theorem is presented for the case of a single black hole. Generalisations of the theorem are also discussed.


As a strong inhibitor of α-glycosidases,1-deoxynojirimycin( DNJ) has antidiabetic activity. It attracts the most concern and becomes one of the most potential agents for development and utilization of mulberry active substances. This paper systematically summarized the research progresses on pharmacological functions of mulberry DNJ and its derivatives at home and abroad,as well as pharmacokinetic research in animal and human body. In addition,the functioning mechanisms of mulberry DNJ in reducing blood sugar level,anti-virus and anti-tumor,and the biological processes of mulberry DNJ absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion in animal and human were elaborated. This will provide basic pharmacological and pharmacokinetic basis for drug design,drug delivery,drug form,side effects and clinical application of mulberry DNJ.


There is a growing concern that governments lose substantial corporate tax revenue because of profit shifting through transfer-pricing and thin-capitalization strategies. Existing literature studies profit shifting and transfer pricing separately. In practice, the choice of debt-to-asset ratios in affiliates and the transfer price of debt are interrelated management decisions that are also mutually affected by government regulation. This paper models these strategies as intertwined. We find that the tax sensitivity of the corporate tax base depends on whether the debt shifting and transfer pricing are cost complements or substitutes. A second result is that stricter regulation of debt shifting (transfer pricing) can potentially increase the use of transfer pricing (debt shifting) and thus the amount of profits shifted.


Banks are one of the important industries in a country, whose importance is evidenced by the management of bank risks. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect or impact of the risk profile disclosure on banking credit growth in Indonesia. Commercial banks in Indonesia, which provide information related to a complete risk profile in the annual report from 2016–2018 , were selected as the sample. The risk profile variable is an independent variable consisting of credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk. Panel data regression with E-Views 8 was used for data processing. The results of the study prove that disclosure of credit risk, market risk, and liquidity have significant influences to the banking credit growth in Indonesia.


During the last months of the liberal federal administration of Paul Martin in Canada (2003–2006), after a sustained lobbying campaign led by Quebec's Chantier de l'economie sociale and the Canadian Community Economic Development Network (CCED Network), funds were allocated to support the social economy sector of Canada, and a call was issued for research proposals on the social economy 'conducted by academic researchers in partnership with community based organizations'. While the subsequent administration cancelled the general program everywhere except in Quebec, it retained the $15 million research program, which was modelled on the existing Community University Research Alliance (CURA), funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). Through a peer review process, SSHRC selected and funded six regional nodes and one national hub to pursue this research agenda from 2006 to 2012. This unprecedented level of resources for a pan-Canadian exploration of the social economy, known as Canadian Social Economy Research Partnerships (CSERP), resulted in almost 400 studies, involving 16 universities and over 140 community-based organisations. This volume, Community-university research partnerships: Reflections on the Canadian social economy experience, describes the organisation of this large research effort. It provides context for chapters submitted by the hub and nodes, and concludes with directions for the future. A second volume, Assembling understandings, summarises the research findings across all the nodes. The third volume is Canadian public policy and the social economy. All three are available as free e-books at the website: http://socialeconomyhub.ca. In this research, the social economy included not only the voluntary non-profit sector, as Americans might define it, but also cooperatives, social enterprises and informal, emerging efforts. Four of the node principal investigators knew each other from prior membership in a professional association for studying cooperatives. The national hub for this research was located at the University of Victoria and co-directed by Ian McPherson, of the Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement Vol 6 (2013): 228–30 © UTSePress and the author


Sericoside is a traditional herbal saponin from Terminalia sericea (Family Combretaceae). The influence of sericoside on lipolysis was studied in fully differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells, and glycerol release into the cytosol and residual triglyceride were measured. The addition of sericoside stimulated glycerol release into the cytosol from deposited triglyceride in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. These data suggested that sericoside has a strong lipolytic activity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


It has been repeatedly suggested that reversible polymerization and depolymerization of actin take place in the contraction-relaxation cycle of muscle (2-4). As reported in the first paper of this series, adenosine 5'-triphosphate bound to G-actin freely exchanges with added Cl*-ATP whereas the ADP bound to F-actin cannot undergo an appreciable exchange with either Cl*-ATP or Cl*-ADP (5). It appeared to us that these observations make it possible to decide whether G-actin is present in viva in any phase of the contraction-relaxation cycle. For if one assumes that the findings in vitro are also applicable in viva, exchange between free ATP and ATP bound to G-actin will take place. This should lead, in P32-injected animals whose intracellular ATP becomes labeled, to the appearance, on subsequent repolymerization, of radioactivity in ADP bound to F-actin. After repeated cycles of contraction and relaxation the specific activities of the phosphate residues in the bound ADP of F-actin should approach those of the corresponding groups in the cell nucleotide pool, In experiments of this type it is essential that no exchange of the bound nucleotides of actin should occur during the isolation process. This is not the case for the usual extraction procedure of G-actin. It appeared, however, that the isolation of F-actin in the form of myosin-B would obviate this difficulty. There is a considerable body of evidence in support of the view that myOS&B is essentially actomyosin (6), and the ultracentrifugal separation of F-actin from it, (7)) the isolation and identification of actin from acetone dried myosin-B powder (8, 9), and the salting out characteristics of myosin-B in the presence of pyrophosphate (6) lend special force to this position. The results in viva here reported indicate no connection between muscle contraction and ADP exchange. They have been supplemented by studies on the superprecipitation of actomyosin, a reaction regarded as a model of muscle contraction; they, too, showed no exchange of the actin-bound ADP.


Given the current environmental situation, research on environmental communication is necessary. This thesis investigates humans' perceptions and behavior when facing an invasive species as environmental, impersonal risk. Main findings are that nature change perception of people correlates with risk perception, which is increased through media coverage and affecting behavioral intentions; knowledge has no direct effect on behavior and biases in perceptions are apparent. Different approaches for successful environmental communication are discussed.


This paper researches application of machine vision in microhandling system, analyses the difference from other systems,and introduce the constituted structure of microhandling.Focus on analyzing specific application of machine vision technology in the system,and verified through experiments.The results show that the system is able to locate objects stability,and lay the foundation for automation of system.


the kinetics of the 'two activities' are competitive rather than additive, indicating that only one enzyme system is involved. At a biliverdin concentration of 25Mu, NADPH is by far the more effective coenzyme, with a Km value (about 5tM) very much lower than that for NADH (above 500 Mm). Higher concentrations of biliverdin (e.g. 60Mm) disturb the kinetics in a complex manner. In the light of our results the discrepancies between the results of Singleton & Laster (1965) and Tenhunen et al. (1970) are readily explainable in terms of the different concentrations of coenzymes and biliverdin in their assay systems. The specificity with respect to different biliverdins, previously undetermined, was also studied. The rates of reduction of mesobiliverdin IXoc and deuterobiliverdin IXoc were comparable with that of natural biliverdin (protobiliverdin IXoa). The four isomers of protobiliverdin IX were prepared as described by 6 Carra & Colleran (1970). With either NADH or NADPH as coenzyme, the rate of reduction of both the IX/3 and IX8 isomers was less than 4% that of the IXac isomer, and the IXy isomer was not reduced at all. This degree of specificity for the 'natural' IXa isomer seems to rule out conclusively the early view of Lemberg & Wyndham (1936) that enzymic biliverdin reduction is a non-specific process. It also suggests that the extremely low proportion of the IX,B and IX8 isomers, and the complete absence of the IXy isomer, in biliary bilirubin (6 Carra & Colleran, 1970) may reflect the specificity of biliverdin reduction as well as the specificity of haem breakdown (see 6 Carra & Colleran, 1969).


Theoretical studies and analysis of heat transfer from a rectangular extended surfaces and a pin finned plate studied to calculate the average Nusselt number in parallel, vertical direction placed along the sidewall. The total rise of the mean Nusselt number is noticed around 36% for pin finned plate with respect to a plain plate. This is examined with optimal fin spacing of Sv with L ratio equals to 0.2 and Sh with W ratio equals to 0.25, height of extended surfaces 24 mm (Height to thickness ratio 8), and 45o angle of inclination . The mean Nusselt number decreases with rise in angle of inclination and also increases with rise in aspect ratio. Present study reveals that in-line and staggered arrangements do not yield appreciably different results.The maximum average Nusselt number difference between conductive and non-conductive fins is around 5 % for Sh/W= 0.33, Sv/L =0.2 at θ = 45°, fin height of 6 mm (H/t=2).


retz-Israel, or, as it is generally known, Palestine or E the Holy Land, stretches between the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the Great Rift (Jordan) Valley, between Mount Hermon on the north and the Red Sea on the south. From the early Stone Age, it has been the center of much of man's activity and development. Over the past six thousand years, many of the major events in history occurred in this narrow strip of land, which measures no more than 30,000 square kilometers. Many tribes and nations populated this small land. Some of them remained sedentary for some time building towns and temples and developing their specific spiritual and material cultures. Of all these nations only the People of Israel decided to look upon this country as its principal homeland and as a source for its national and cultural realization. Eretz-Israel was never a rich country, lacking as it is in water and fertile soil. It has never witnessed a culture of material wealth such as existed in Egypt to its south or in Mesopotamia to its north. The country was often used as a bridge between the two for passing nations, and it is therefore no wonder that during the centuries it developed an extremely conglomerate material culture, in which such influences as Mesopotamian, Phoenician and Egyptian are readily distinguishable. And it was here that the three monotheistic religions were formed and became the backbone of the Western and Islamic cultures. As the land of the Bible, Eretz-Israel attracted many different religious groups, both Jewish and Christian, already in the early centuries of the Common Era (c.E.). This desire to delve into their heritage and to learn about their religious and cultural sources did not abate with the years; on the contrary, in addition to the religious interest, a more scientific and academic investigative approach began developing from the 18th century onwards. This was the beginning of an archaeological interest in Eretz-Israel, today one of the major areas for archaeological projects in the world. In the early years archaeological activity depended largely on the political situation in Eretz-Israel. From the Turkish rule until the First World War, relatively little work was done, in view of the difficult security problems facing the country and the lack of interest on the part of the Ottoman authorities. However, with the establishment of British rule in Palestine in 1918 and the foundation of its Department of Antiquities, archaeological activities greatly increased. The first years of the Mandatory rule witnessed the suitable formation of administrative and scientific tools. The first museums were established as were various schools of archaeology. The founding of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1925 facilitated the growth of the first generation of Jewish archaeologists who began their work alongside British, French and German archaeologists, who until then had been in sole control of archaeological activity in Eretz-Israel. Another important step was the promulgation of the "Law of Antiquities," designed to protect archaeological sites and digs. The establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 was a turning point in archaeological research. It was only natural that this young country should give a highpriority to the research of its historical past. The 1950's and 1960's initiated vast archaeological projects and scored amazing discoveries, including the revelation of the Dead Sea Scrolls (de Vaux, R., 1973; Yadin, Y. 1969), extensive excavations in Hazor (Yadin, Y. 1960-61) and Masada (Yadin, Y., 1965), and the Judean Desert Caves (Yadin, Y., 1963; 1971). These excavations aroused the interest not only of the academic world but also of the general public. Archaeology virtually became a "national sport" of the Israelis, as they literally dug into the past, to familiarize themselves with their historical, religious and cultural background. Other excavations, less publicized but of no less:; importance, were the huge Necropolis at Beit-Shearim (Mazar, B., 1973), dating back to the time of Mishna and the Excavations in the Herodian City and Port of Caesarea (Frova, A., 1965; Raban, A., 1983), carried out in conjunction with the University of Milan in Italy. During the 1960's and 1970's another three departments of archaeology were established in the universities of Tel-Aviv, Haifa and Beer-Sheva. Each university specializes in a specific field of archaeological research. Nautical archaeology in Haifa concentrates on ancient harbors such as in Acre, Dora and Caesarea; the desert


Abstract : Lanthanum adsorption by Navy gray paint surfaces and by powdered TiO2 (a pigment in paint) was studied as a function of lanthanum concentration, pH, and inert electrolyte concentration and for the paint only as a function of contact time. Lanthanum adsorption was measured by use of the radiotracer La140. The paint was found to readily adsorb lanthanum up to approximately 3 x 10 to the -6th power g/sq cm, while adsorption by the TiO2 was very small and could not account for the adsorptivity of the paint.


Consideration of how psychologists can be trained to meet the needs of today's schools must include at least brief reference to how and why schools are changing. Changing schools reflect a changing society. This paper presents, selectively, societal changes that seem to be impinging upon Education; then, how these changes affect psychologists' practice in an Educational setting. Next, implicatons of these changes upon the training of professionals are discussed. Last, a training program that is attempting to act upon these implica tions is described.


The Internet of Things (IoT) objects refer to the perceptual layer devices which are essential resources to be integrated in IoT environment. However, the integration of IoT objects is generally a challenging issue, due to the facts that the IoT objects are always managed by different application systems and there are no unified storage and management solution for the information of IoT objects. Directory is a mature solution for overcoming the interconnection of open systems and the integration of heterogeneous systems. Lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) demonstrated the superior performance to the above issues. This paper proposes a IoT object information management scheme based on LDAP which offers a unified solution to store and manage the information of IoT objects. Through applying it in a specific application scenario "urban road environment management", this scheme is proved to be feasible and effective.


Reinforcement learning (RL) has scaled up immensely over the last few years through the creation of innovative distributed training techniques. This paper discusses a rough timeline of the methods used to push the field forward. I begin by summarizing the problem of reinforcement learning and general solution methods. I then discuss the training environments used to evaluate model performance. I walk through a timeline of breakthroughs in distributed training used to scale up RL models, as well as other innovations in RL training. Finally, I take a look at exciting applications of distributed training processes in complex games like Go, Dota 2, and StarCraft II.


Human age estimation plays an important role inhuman facial image analysis. Aging feature representation isone of the widely studied problems in this topic. Convolutionalmap (bio-inspired features, or BIF) has been proven to be themost successful framework, but its manual crafted filters cannot easily capture the complicated facial aging pattern. In thispaper, we adopt this convolutional map framework but proposea novel feature learning approach based on convolutional sparsecoding (CSC) that can automatically learn to characterizeaging signatures. Compared to other popular feature learningapproaches like deep convolutional neural network (CNN), weverify that our learning approach can extract localized subtleaging features like CNN, and also significantly reduce themodel size. Moreover, we employ the standard deviation (STD)pooling to summarize the aging feature. Finally, the extractedfeatures are fed into a discriminative manifold learning modelto obtain more discriminative low-dimensional representationsand further improve the computational efficiency. We evaluateour approach over the standard benchmark datasets. Theexperimental results demonstrate that our approach impressivelyoutperforms the state-of-the-art results. The proposedage estimation scheme also performs well in the cross-databaseage estimation task.


In order to offer successful learning opportunities for adults throughout their lives it is important to explore the role of museums in adult education and learning. The goal of this roundtable is to address the long held notion that museums are valid places of adult learning and call attention to its diminished presence in adult education research and discourse. Renewing Our Commitment to Museums Museums have long held a place within the field of adult education as a non-formal context for providing adult education opportunities to visitors. As early as the 1920's references to museums are found in adult education literature, including proceedings of the American Association for Adult Education in 1928 and the 1936 handbook. These examples typify the long-standing significance those in adult education have placed on museums as sources of learning, but in recent years the study of museums as a non-formal learning context has waned. The lack of interest in these institutions is reflected in the most recent handbook (Wilson & Hayes, 2000), where a chapter on museums is not included and a search of Adult Education Quarterly (AEQ) revealed only one article (see Taylor, 2006) with museums in the abstract. Why is it that those in the field of adult education express their commitment to lifelong learning and participatory processes, yet seemingly ignore cultural institutions such as museums as a valuable and essential partner in this endeavor? As museums increasingly define themselves as dynamic agents of cultural dissemination, the need for a better understanding and commitment to adult education and learning is critical. Those within the field of adult education have an opportunity to expand the range of learning processes for adult visitors by partnering with museums to provide an alternative approach to the relationship between the public and museum exhibitions. Adult learning theory has the potential to transform museum experiences into organized learning opportunities that occur in relation to socio-cultural surroundings and stimulate visitors' curiosity and active and reflexive learning. Museums as Places of Adult Learning Although the educational role of museums is often difficult to encompass into a single idea, groups such as the American Association of Museums' Task Force on Museum Education (Excellence and equity: Education and the public dimension of museums, 1991) offer a broad definition of museums as: "fostering the ability to live productively in a pluralistic society and to contribute to the resolution of the challenges we face as global citizens" (p. 6). More specifically, museums according to Hooper-Greenhill (1994) can be incredibly successful in increasing motivation to learn, facilitating discovery and development of new passions, and making mundane facts meaningful and relevant. While these definitions and those of others (see Chadwick & Stannett, 2000; Falk & Dierking, 1997) support ideas foundational to adult learning, museums are underrepresented in existing adult education literature. This lack of research is not only disconcerting, it is unfounded given that non-formal education permeates our society (Taylor, 2006) and adult participation in museum programs is reaching unprecedented levels due Learning In Community: Proceedings of the joint international conference of the Adult Education Research Conference (AERC) (48th National Conference) and the Canadian Association for the Study of Adult Education (CASAE)/l'Association Canadienne pour l'Etude de l'Education des Adultes (ACEEA) (26th National Conference). Edited by Laura Servage and Tara Fenwick (June 2007)


The synthesis of N-heteroaryl(trifluoromethyl)hydroxyalkanoic acid esters by solid acid-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts hydroxyalkylation of indoles and pyrroles with ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate and ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate is described. The inexpensive and readily available K-10 montmorillonite is found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of a wide variety of trifluoromethylated indol-3-yl- and pyrrol-2-yl-hydroxypropionic and -butanoic acid esters. Using a series of substituted indoles and pyrroles the corresponding products were isolated in excellent yield (up to 98%) and 100% selectivity under mild experimental conditions, during very short reaction times. Beyond these, the ease of product isolation, catalyst stability and handling make this process an attractive, environmentally benign alternative for the synthesis of the target compounds.


Media has the potential to engage viewers perceptually, cognitively and emotionally, by appealing to several senses with rich information. Immersive media can go beyond, with a stronger impact on users' emotions and their sense of presence and engagement. Immersion may be influenced by sensory or perceptual modalities, surround effect, and vividness through resolution, associated with the sense of presence, the viewer's conscious feeling of being inside the virtual world, or alternate reality; and by participation and social immersion in the media chain, increasing the sense of belonging. Increasingly, technology is supporting capturing, producing, sharing and accessing information from users' own perspectives and experiences, on the internet, in social media, and through video on demand services in interactive TV and the web. We have been witnessing an increase in the amount of content and range of devices for capturing, viewing and sensing, many of them mobile, allowing richer and more natural multimodal interactions, and offering tremendous opportunities for immersion, user participation and personalization. These developments have been promoting the emergence of a new participatory paradigm and enabling new perceptual user experiences that provide more realistic, engaging and immersive involvement. In this keynote, I will present insights from human studies, addressing dimensions like perception, cognition, and emotions, along with design and technological approaches and innovations for immersion, illustrated in interactive and immersive media applications. Several examples will be based on our own projects and research, in interactive videos and movies, immersive TV, digital art, and media for wellbeing, contextualized in a broader perspective. I will conclude by highlighting potential benefits and challenges, along with some of the trends and research directions that have been shared and are emerging in the area.


This paper is devoted to study the existence of center-stable manifolds for some planar fractional differential equations of Caputo type with relaxation factor. After giving some necessary estimation for Mittag–Leffler functions, some existence results for center-stable manifolds are established under the mild conditions by virtue of a suitable Lyapunov–Perron operator. Moreover, an explicit example is given to illustrate the above result. Finally, high-dimensional case is considered.


Objective: To explore the protective effect and mechanism of CⅡ-3 extracted from Periplaneta americana against arrhythmia induced by aconitine in rats.Methods: Arrhythmia in rat was induced by aconitine with femoral vein injection,with different doses of CⅡ-3 treatment,the incidence rates of ventricular premature beats(VP),ventricular tachycardia(VT),ventricular fibrillation(VF) and cardiac arrest(CA) were recorded,and the arrhythmia score,activity of CK and LDH were detected.Results: The amount of aconitine in inducing VP,VT,VF and CA was increased after CⅡ-3 treatment,which showed decreased incidences of VT,VF,CA and the arrhythmia score,as well as the the activity of CK(P0.05).However,there was no influence of CⅡ-3 on the activity of LDH.Conclusion: The data demonstrated that there was remarkable protective effect of CⅡ-3 against arrhythmia induced by aconitine in rats.


We calculate the hadron spectra in high-energy pp, pA and AA collisions within a pQCD parton model. Analyses of experimental data show that the modification of the spectra in pA and AA as compared to that in pp collisions is consistent with multiple parton scattering scenario and is dictated by the transition from absorptive soft interaction at low pT to incoherent hard parton scattering at high pT . This analysis not only sheds new light on the limits to the physics analysis based on thermal fire-ball models but also provides a more quantitative baseline results on which one can study the effects of parton energy loss in the hadron spectra at high pT .


Abstract : The effects of specimen thickness, stress ratio (R) and maximum stress intensity factor (K sub max) on crack closure (or opening) and on fatigue crack growth kinetics were studied using a 2219-T851 aluminum alloy. The crack length and the occurrence of crack closure were measured by an electrical potential method. The experimental work was carried out within the framework of linear-elastic fracture mechanics.


There is an inherent limitation when unbalanced faults in AC system are studied in large scale AC/DC power systems with electromechanical transient simulation. In order to make the electromagnetic transient simulation which is accurate in these situations possible, dynamic reduction must to be done. A method based on support strength of generators is proposed. According to the connection form of low-voltage network with 500kV skeleton buses and whether there are generators in it, three reduction schemes are used to replace the corresponding low-voltage network. The dynamic parameters of equivalent generators are obtained by a time domain aggregation method. The equivalent results of planning data of East China Power Grid in 2020 show that, the method has high accuracy in power flow analysis as well as short circuit calculation. The proposed method greatly simplifies the original system while the characteristic of dynamic response remains.


The Internet has drastically changed the ways individuals interact and connect sexually. While there has been significant research on online sexual activities among persons from various populations, little investigation has been done into the behaviors and marital adjustment of self-identified gay and bisexual heterosexually married men. In this article, the results of 342 self-identified gay and bisexual heterosexually married men who use Internet-based chat rooms are presented. The types of online sexual behaviors and face-to-face sexual behaviors are discussed, the relationship between marital adjustment and sexual orientation is investigated, and predictors of marital adjustment are provided.


In the Seyfert galaxy Fairall 9, low‐ionization lines (threshold energy between 1 and 3 Ry) appear to follow the UV bump and have a larger variation scale. The high‐ionization lines vary in step with the power‐law continuum. The results suggest that the variation amplitude of lines is inversely correlated to the ionization level. Our calculations suggest that the UV bump has a shape more complicated than a simple blackbody curve and has a quite steep drop around 30 eV. The degree of luminosity dependence of equivalent width of Lyα, C iii], Si iv, and C iv is inversely correlated with individual emission line's ionization level. This offers a natural explanation as to why only the C iv equivalent width shows a significant luminosity dependence (the Baldwin effect).


Assessment is necessary, but difficult, in statistics education. Multiple choice assessments are common, particularly for research purposes. Open-ended assessments may be more adept at revealing student understanding, but ensuring their validity can be difficult. The study presented here examines differences in student descriptions of histograms for different question prompts and scenarios in order to understand how best to ask such questions in research and teaching situations. The results show that different ways of asking students to describe histograms and different scenarios and shapes of histograms lead to systematic differences in student descriptions of histograms. The paper concludes with suggestions for phrasing questions, both for research and classroom assessment, and provides directions for future research based on our results.
First published May 2018 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives


Finding the stationary parts of an EEG signal proves to be a difficult task because of the various shapes of the signal that can be found for different subjects, both normal and abnormal. The paper presents the results obtained in the segmentation of an EEG signal into stationary parts in order to be used in the stages of feature extraction and classification of these signals or in predicting epileptic seizures. For this purpose an optimal orthogonal linear prediction algorithm that implements a so-called "innovations filter" is used. The algorithm was tested on EEG signals from epileptic patients and the results are presented in detail. Some further applications and possible research fields are also offered. Ill. 8, bibl. 7 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).


Let 𝒯 be a triangular algebra over a 2-torsion free commutative ring R. In this article, under some mild conditions on 𝒯, we prove that if δ: 𝒯 → 𝒯 is a nonlinear mapping satisfying for any x, y, z ∈ 𝒯, then δ = d + τ, where d is an additive derivation of 𝒯 and τ: 𝒯 → Z(𝒯) (where Z(𝒯) is the centre of 𝒯) is a map vanishing at Lie triple products [[x, y], z].


Part 1 Writing and rewriting history: perspectives on the industrial revolution the economy and the state agriculture and the industrial revolution. Part 2 The industrial revolution: regions and industries demography and labour consumption and commerce class and gender.


: The construction of new engineering requires the cultivation of innovative and practical engineering talents. Aiming at the common problems existing in the teaching of engineering courses, this paper proposes a teaching reform method based on the organic integration of scientific research, teaching and psychology. Specific measures: Integrate the scientific research projects of master and doctoral supervisors. According to the basic theoretical knowledge of professional courses, scientific research projects are classified. A basic theoretical knowledge system oriented to practical projects is constructed, which effectively improves the ability of new engineering students to master theoretical knowledge, innovate and solve practical engineering problems.


PURPOSE: A 3D ultrasound system for 3D modeling of a tissue capable and an operating method thereof are provided to easily obtain a marked tissue by revising a first straight line with a second straight line. CONSTITUTION: A 3D ultrasonography(101) for three dimensional modeling of a tissue comprises a scan part(103), a processing part(105), and a control part(107). The scan part generates volume images about an object by using an ultrasonic signal. The processing part detects a first straight line related to a marked tissue and a second straight line related to a reference tissue and the first straight line from a side image of the volume image. The processing unit revises the first straight line with the second straight line. The control part combines the first straight lines of n, which are corrected from side images of the n(N is a natural number), and renders to a tissue. The control part displays a rendered marked tissue on a screen.


The paper is an attempt to describe the spelling of English loan-words in the Danish language. It has been verified whether the spelling remains unchanged or whether it is assimilated. It has also been checked whether the assimilation follows a regular pattern.


One of the recurent symbols wich represents the city of Rio de Janeiro at the turn of the 20th century was electrification. These representations were rich in meaning and they also had a social and historical sense besides being linked to a collective imaginary, wich has one of the most important embodiment in the modernisation process.
So, the aim of this study is to analyse this process, based on an approach from the imaginary. Our intention is to examine the way wich the modernity seduction - or the light seduction - implies in a set of values which are able to organize life in society.


Let J be a simple closed curve in a 3-manifold M3. We say M — J is 1-ALG at p ∈ J (or has locally abelian fundamental group at p) if and only if for each sufficiently small open set U containing p, there is an open set V such that p ∈ V ⊂ U and each loop in V — J which bounds in U — J is contractible to a point in U — J.


We demonstrate a flexible radiofrequency filter based on graphene assembly films with a high conductivity up to 106 S/m and a thickness of 10 μm. The flexible high-conductivity graphene film (HCGF) used in the filter has a fifth-order low-pass Chebyshev frequency response, and it operates at 3.6 GHz with a 0.82 dB in-band maximum insertion loss and 26.21 dB insertion loss at 5 GHz. Such performance observed in the HCGF-based flexible filters is comparable to that of commercial copper-based filters in passband and roll-off. The HCGF exhibits good mechanical flexibility even after 200 cycles of bending. Nearly no mechanical failure or performance degradation occurs during 20 cycles of 0°–50° bending for the flexible HCGF filter. Our results suggest that the flexible HCGF filter has good repetitive bending stability. This makes this type of filter suitable for future applications in flexible wireless communication.We demonstrate a flexible radiofrequency filter based on graphene assembly films with a high conductivity up to 106 S/m and a thickness of 10 μm. The flexible high-conductivity graphene film (HCGF) used in the filter has a fifth-order low-pass Chebyshev frequency response, and it operates at 3.6 GHz with a 0.82 dB in-band maximum insertion loss and 26.21 dB insertion loss at 5 GHz. Such performance observed in the HCGF-based flexible filters is comparable to that of commercial copper-based filters in passband and roll-off. The HCGF exhibits good mechanical flexibility even after 200 cycles of bending. Nearly no mechanical failure or performance degradation occurs during 20 cycles of 0°–50° bending for the flexible HCGF filter. Our results suggest that the flexible HCGF filter has good repetitive bending stability. This makes this type of filter suitable for future applications in flexible wireless communication.


A coarse-to-fine function smoothing method is presented for improving traditional evolutionary algorithms in function optimization. The method is motivated by the need of suppressing the local optima without distorting the location of the global optimum. By embedding the method into a traditional evolutionary algorithm, optimization is performed by running the evolutionary algorithm in each smoothed function from coarse level to fine level in which the output of the coarse level is used to guide the search process in the finer level. Simulations show that the method can improve traditional evolutionary algorithms in locating the global optimum of a given function.


Today's large-scale distributed systems consist of collections of nodes that have highly variable availability - a phenomenon sometimes called churn. This availability variation is often a hindrance to achieving reliability and performance for distributed applications such as multicast. This paper looks into utilizing and leveraging availability information in order to provide availability-dependent message reliability for multicast receivers. An application (e.g., a publish-sub scribe system) may want to scale the multicast message reliability at each receiver according to that receiver's availability (in terms of the fraction of time that receiver is online) ifferent options are that the reliability is independent of the availability, or proportional to it. We propose several gossip-based algorithms to support several such predicates. These techniques rely on each node's availability being monitored in a distributed manner by a small group of other nodes in such a way that the monitoring load is evenly distributed in the system. Our techniques are light-weight, scalable, and are space- and time-efficient. We analyze our algorithms and evaluate them experimentally by injecting availability traces collected from real peer-to-peer systems


This study describes a linear optical stretcher as a high‐throughput mechanical property cytometer. Custom, inexpensive, and scalable optics image a linear diode bar source into a microfluidic channel, where cells are hydrodynamically focused into the optical stretcher. Upon entering the stretching region, antipodal optical forces generated by the refraction of tightly focused laser light at the cell membrane deform each cell in flow. Each cell relaxes as it flows out of the trap and is compared to the stretched state to determine deformation. The deformation response of untreated red blood cells and neutrophils were compared to chemically treated cells. Statistically significant differences were observed between normal, diamide‐treated, and glutaraldehyde‐treated red blood cells, as well as between normal and cytochalasin D‐treated neutrophils. Based on the behavior of the pure, untreated populations of red cells and neutrophils, a mixed population of these cells was tested and the discrete populations were identified by deformability. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry


This study, which grew largely out of the work of Jay (I) in identifying as the "reading factor" the previously isolated X3 of Thurstone (5), was an attempt to apply findings in the areas of reading and concept formation in children to an investigation of the relation between -these skills. Hypotheses tested were: 1. There is a positive relation between scores on a test of concept formation and reading achievement, as measured by the comprehension section of the Gates standardized reading tests, at the developmental levels represented by boys in the third, fifth, and seventh grades. 2. The magnitude of the relation between concept formation and reading, as defined above, will be greater than the magnitude of the relation between reading and intelligence, as measured by the California Test of Mental Maturity in the third and fifth grades and the Primary Mental Abilities Test in the seventh grade. 3. The relation between reading and concept formation will increase significantly in magnitude with increasing age of boys. 4. Overachievers in reading will perform significantly better on a test of concept formation ability than will underachievers in reading.


Introduction: The oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) are anomalies of the first and second pharyngeal arches, causing craniofacial changes, principally facial asymmetry, as well as anomalies in the spine, that can be a cause of instability of the craniocervical junction - manipulation of an unstable spine can result in morbimortality. However, few studies have related OAVS to craniocervical instability. Objectives: Correlate patients with OAVS through radiography with craniocervical instability and prediction of its occurrence. Material and Methods: Through a radiographic study of the cervical spine, the assessment of vertebral malformations and the presence of craniocervical instability was performed and clinical assessment using the OMENS score as a phenotypic criteria for patients with OAVS, by a specialized multidisciplinary team. Student's t test, Kolmogorov-Smirnova, and χ2 were performed. Results: Twenty-six patients with OAVS were evaluated, 7 (26.9%) had craniocervical instability, the OMENS score was 3 times higher, but without statistical significance. All patients with instability also had spinal malformations, and of those without craniocervical instability (19 patients), 57.8% had spinal malformations. Vertebral malformations had a similar incidence in those with and without instability, the most common being scoliosis. There was no statistical significance in the presence or absence of spinal malformations with the presence or absence of craniocervical instability. Extracraniofacial findings were found in all patients with instability; 71.4% of them were radial. Conclusions: Patients with higher OMENS scores had more craniocervical instability but without statistical significance. It also did not show statistical relevance between the presence of malformations and craniocervical instability.


The Odyssey places "the city of the Cimmerian men" in the immediate vicinity of the realm of the dead — in an area that is never illuminated by the rays of the sun. Meanwhile, Greek writers call by the same name «Cimmerians» a real people who invaded in the 7th century BC Asia Minor and who are called "gimir"/"gamir" in Assyrian sources. This context gave rise to many ingenious, sometimes extravagant lines of thought in the minds of scholars — ancient and modern. Two ideas became especially influential: according to one, the Cimmerians are the most northern people living in the conditions of the polar night; according to another, the Homeric image was due to the reports of fogs covering the shores of the Black Sea Colchis. A common tendency, however, was to ignore the poet's words that "the breath of the North Wind" will bear Odysseus's ship towards the realm of the dead. These words clearly imply that this realm is located in the extreme south, but such a conclusion seemed so strange to scholars that they preferred to pass over the issue in silence.
The article explains that the unusual localization of the realm of the dead goes back to the Bronze Age. It is the notion of a solar disk bright only on one side, which stands behind such a localization. The Odyssey depends on a particular version of this notion that came, apparently, from Scandinavia. As for similar sounding of the names of imagined and real peoples, it is the whim of chance.


Well-posed calculation algorithms for permissible stator winding current in an enclosed asynchronous short-circuited rotor motor in S3, S4, S5 recursive short-time modes are introduced, calculation for a number of several explosionproof motors in these modes made subject to stator winding temperature fluctuations. Load-carrying capacities of motors of various output and rotation frequency are compared in the S3, S4, S5 modes.


Abstract This article explores the case of the videodisc in the context of the progress of technological innovation in the field of education. It looks at what the medium has to offer and the ways in which it is currently being used, before going on to consider the factors that may impede its acceptance and what can be done towards ensuring its implementation.


In the previous chapter, we discussed elastic scattering of the electron beam in which the incident electrons lost no energy as they traversed the specimen. Inelastically scattered (often termed energy-loss) electrons are equally important and we'll discuss many of these processes here, but leave the applications till later. Why are we interested in inelastic scattering? Well, such scattering generates a whole range of signals, each of which can tell us more about the chemistry of the specimen than we can find out from the elastic electrons. In addition to the energy-loss electrons themselves, the most important signals are the characteristic X-rays, secondary electrons, and, occasionally, visible light (cathodoluminescence (CL)) and sowe'll emphasize how these arise.Wewill also tell youwhy all these signals are useful, to varying degrees, to materials scientists, engineers, and nanotechnologists. So how do we use these inelastic signals? First we have to detect them and we'll describe electron detection in general in Chapter 7 and the spectrometers that disperse electrons according to their energy in Chapter 37. Then in Chapters 38–40 we'll talk about analyzing these energy-loss electrons. We will discuss how to detect X-rays in Chapter 32 and how we get quantitative, elemental information from the spectra in Chapters 33–36. In all cases we get complementary information to that gained in TEM images and DPs. We'll briefly discuss CL images and spectra in Chapter 29. Obviously there's a lot of useful information in these signals and this is a major advantage to using ionizing radiation. However, the other side of the coin is that all the inelastic processes deposit energy in your specimen, which can be damaged if it is beam sensitive. So we must also look at the downside of the inelastic processes andwe end the chapter by discussing this problem under the general topic of beam damage or radiation damage. A warning: This chapter is based on some quite difficult theoretical, physical concepts. However, these concepts form the basis of AEM,which constitutes Part 4 of the book, so we have to address the material. You can safely delay studying much of this material in detail until you reach Chapter 32 and beyond.


Summary form only given. When the first iPhone introduced to the world in 2007, it stimulated the demand of personal electronic devices to a different level. With simple human-machine interfaces, modern smartphone has enabled a lot more persons to use electronic devices. As computing paradigms migrate from desktop to mobile, technology requirements differ. Performance driven consideration was overridden by power. Going forward, driven by immersion experience needs of IoT, sensing the environment and responding correctly under extreme power budget become the purpose of technology. Specialty technology, such as eNVM, RF, MEMS/sen sor and power management etc., become more important than ever. We will discuss about UMC strategy on specialty technologies in this paper.


Three different pest management modules including biological, chemical and IPM were evaluated based on the epidemiology of chilli die-back and fruit rot on two cultivars of chilli viz. Pusa sadabhar (local) and Navjyoti (Hybrid). IPM module was found superior to biological and chemical module for managing the disease by 63.98 and 68.66% for die-back and fruit rot, respectively in Pusa sadabhar followed by chemical module with the disease control of 53.58 and 45.58 %, for die-back and fruit rot. The disease reduction was highest in IPM module followed by chemical module and biological but was significantly superior to control. In the variety Pusa sadabhar the percent disease control was higher than variety Navjyoti. These modules significantly increased the yield over control with the highest yield in IPM module.


Today, I will discuss a framework for implementing macroprudential policies. Implementing policies requires, first, that weaknesses in the system that leave the financial system vulnerable to crises are identified. Identifying weaknesses requires a structured and disciplined monitoring approach. Second, implementing policies requires an understanding of the effectiveness of available tools. Some tools are designed to address structural flaws in the system, like incentives for investors to run from short-term debt. Others are designed to offset the build-up of imbalances when current conditions are favorable, and market participants become complacent about risk-taking. I will then turn to macro stress tests, specifically the Board's proposed approach to designing macroeconomic scenarios. Stress tests are a way to both measure risks in the banking system and a policy tool to address weaknesses. Finally, I will conclude with areas for additional research.


Electronic mails have increasingly replaced all written modes of communications for important correspondences including personal and business transactions. An e-mail is given equal significance as a signed document. Hence email impersonation through compromised accounts has become a major threat. In this paper, we have proposed an email style acquisition and classification model for authorship attribution that serves as an effective tool to prevent and detect email impersonation. The proposed model gains knowledge of the author's email style by being trained only with the sample email texts of the author and then identifies if a given email text is a legitimate email of the author or not. Extracting the significant features that represent an author's style from the available concise emails is a big challenge in email authorship attribution. We have proposed to use a graph-based model to precisely extract the unique feature set of the author. We have used one-class SVM classifier to deal with the single-class sample data that consists of only true positive samples. Two classification models have been designed and compared. The first one is a probability model which is based on the probability of occurrence of a feature in the specific email. The second technique is based on inclusive compound probability of a feature to appear in a sentence of an email. Both the models have been evaluated against the public Enron dataset.


Half of people suffering from schizophrenia do not realize that they are suffering from an illness and accordingly resist treatment. Can the half that do realize they have a mental illness use the insanity defense? On the one hand, when defendants have insight into their disease and "voluntarily" choose not to take medication, allowing them to plead the insanity defense seems counterintuitive. On the other hand, that same defendant is suffering from a psychosis at the time of the crime. This piece seeks to explore the question of insanity caused by an omission, namely failure to take medication.


The magnetic structure of the antiferromagnet RbMnCl3 (TN = 94K) consists of ferromagnetic planes stacked in the sequence A(+), B1(−), B1(+), A(−), B2(+), B2(−) along the C‐axis. The two kinds of sites, A and B for the Mn2+ ions contain respectively, ''lone spins'' and (much closer) spin pairs. This study of the spin wave spectrum was undertaken with the objective of determining whether the principal magnetic interactions JAB and JBB are of the same order of magnitude (conventional Heisenberg type) or whether a strong coupling model (JBB≳≳JAB) applies. Two distinct optic branches observed in the [qoo] direction immediately ruled out the strong coupling model. A fit to the data was then performed using the conventional spin wave model with excellent results. We find JBB/JAB = 1.65 (±.1). With spin values SA = 2.4 and SB = 2.5, JBB = 0.73 meV and JAB = 0.44 meV.


The paper introduces the key indicators and the accumulative calculation method of network transmission delay in intelligent substation.The paper carries oul theoretical calculation on simple Ethernet,IEC61850-9-2 network,complex Ethernet and hybrid network.At last,the paper analyses the indicators which affect the network transmission delay.


We have integrated backward and forward in time the orbits of 20 very bright bolides (with visual magnitude brighter than−10) over a time span of 5 Myr or more. The sample was mainly selected among events observed during the period between 1993 and 1996, but we have included also three older, particularly interesting events (Abee, 1952; Glanerbrug, 1990; and EN220991, 1991). For a large part of the sample, the orbit is known with sufficient accuracy from the reduction and analysis of photographic data. However, there are also some cases in which lower-accuracy orbital data were derived from other techniques, such as visual, seismic, and radar observation. For these events we have used two or three alternative initial orbits, consistent with the existing uncertainty. The results of our integrations show a great diversity of orbital evolution patterns, consistent with the behaviour of larger near-Earth objects. The most frequent fate ( 42% of the cases) is solar collision, followed by hyperbolic ejection ( 17%), and the average dynamical lifetime is of the order of 10 Myr. Three bolides either have initially or achieve later Aten-type or Q < 1 AU orbits, similar to the fraction of such objects in the near-Earth asteroid population. Only 2 bolides have a clear comet-like dynamical behaviour dominated by Jovian encounters, although ablation properties indicate that the fraction of very weak bolides is probably higher.


This paper summarized the studies on anticancer mechanism of Bufonis and active constituents.It mainly focused on its anti-hepatoma cells,anti-carcinoma of colon cells,anti-gastric cancer cells,anti-cophorma cells mechanism,and clinical application.This is the gist for reasonable designing the plan of drug used.


In this paper, a study focusing on the geomorphologic elements that characterise the Terni basin has led to underline the close interdependence between tectonic activity and the palaeogeographic evolution of this territory. The role of strike-slip faulting is generally inferred in several models of Apennine structural evolution, but in this area has not yet been recognised in the field. The aim of this paper is to introduce new morphologic elements related with the strain pattern connected to the recent geodynamical evolution of central Italy. The Terni basin was formed and has evolved thanks to normal fault set activity, where the dislocations converge east of the city of Terni and diverge towards the west (at the Narnese-Amerina mountain range). Therefore, the activity of these faults seems to indicate that the southern portion of the Martani Mountain range is continuously shifting and opening the Terni basin. The oldest faults (lower Pliocene) border the basin, whereas the more recent ones (Pleistocene) are gradually moving to its centre. Furthermore, other vertical faults, normal like the recent one, gradually diminishing the territory and progressively lowering it towards the west.


ABSTRACT Regional elections in Poland have traditionally been depicted as a highly nationalized affair, with state-wide parties receiving the vast majority of seats and the campaign replicating the patterns of party competition at the national level. The 2018 regional elections were no exception. Run in the heat of national political conflict, the campaign was a test for the governing Law and Justice (PiS) party before the 2019 elections to the Polish and European parliaments. While receiving the largest vote share nationwide, PiS gained the majority of seats in 6 of 16 regional parliaments, but failed to win the mayoral race in Poland's ten largest cities. The novelty of the 2018 vote lay mostly in the unusually high turnout figures, which marks a more general trend in recent elections in Poland at all levels.


Karya Motor's Workshop is a motorbike workshop that sells various kinds of motorcycle needs. The sales transaction process in Karya Motor's Workshop is still done manually. Calculation of payment transactions still uses the calculator and note as proof of payment, as well as data collection of spare parts and preparing reports using the ledger. The kind of system is less effective and efficient. To overcome this problem, a sales information system was designed in the Karya Motor's Workshop using the codeigniter framework. The research method used is the waterfall method. The waterfall model is a method that develops systematically from one stage to another. Testing this system uses the black box testing method so that the system and user interface that is created can function as needed. This information system is expected to simplify the transaction process, stock data collection of spare parts and making sales transaction reports easier.


THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF SUSPECTS IN THE
INVESTIGATION PROCESS

ABSTRACT

This thesis research discusses the Legal Protection of Suspects in the Investigation Process, with the issues discussed are: 1)How are the arrangements for granting legal protection to the rights of suspects in the investigation process? 2)What are the legal consequences of the provision of legal protection for the rights of suspects for police investigators during the investigation process? The research method used is normative juridical research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The legal materials collected are: primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and terer legal materials. Analysis of the collected legal materials is carried out by taking an inventory, systematizing and interpreting it. The results of the research show that: 1) Regulations for granting legal protection of the rights of suspects in the process of investigating daitur in Article 50 to Article 68, confirmed by 114 Criminal Procedure Code, the investigator is obliged to inform him of his right to legal aid (but there is no sanction for the investigator.); and Article 117 that "The statement of the suspect and/or witness to the investigator is given without pressure from anyone and / or in any form". 2)Legal consequences of regulating the provision of legal protection for the rights of suspects for police investigators in the investigation process. Article 143 paragraph (3) of the Criminal Procedure Code also states that if the Investigation Report does not meet the material requirements, the Investigation Report will be legally flawed, which will also make the Indictment null and void. Recommendations to policy makers: 1)In order for the implementation of the provisions of Article 114 of the Criminal Procedure Code to run optimally and have a legal certainty, it is necessary to stipulate in a statutory regulation that contains clear sanctions for investigators who do not fulfill their obligations in notifying suspects regarding the rights of suspects in get legal assistance. 2)In order to prevent violence and intimidation from occurring in an investigation, it is necessary to make regulations regarding the examination of suspects which must be witnessed by a legal advisor and investigators who intimidate and violate the suspect are given both criminal and administrative sanctions.

Keywords: Legal Protection, Suspects and Investigation


The aim of this study was to undertake a pooled data analysis for assessment of the impact of SRD5A2 polymorphisms on the risk of BPH. Literature search was performed to identify the studies that had analyzed SRD5A2 polymorphisms in association with the risk of BPH. To pool data from published case-control studies, we undertook meta-analyses on V89L polymorphism (1116 patients and 1447 controls from five studies) and (TA)n polymorphism (548 patients and 276 controls from two studies). Moderate value of I2 for between studies genotype comparison (P heterogeneity = 0.204, Q = 7.232, df (Q) = 5, I2 = 30.867) showed the presence of low level of true heterogeneity. The meta-analysis on V89L polymorphism using either of two analysis models suggested that there is no association of this substitution with BPH risk (fixed effect model: OR=1.119 (CI = 0.95-1.31), p-value = 0.168; random effects model: OR=1.118 (CI = 0.87-1.44), p-value = 0.389). Nevertheless, the frequency of VV was higher in the cases. Similarly, (TA)n repeats distribution showed no significant difference between cases and controls. Meta-analysis using either of the two analysis models suggested that there is no association of (TA)n repeat length with BPH risk (fixed effect model: OR=1.062 (CI = 0.73-1.54), p-value= 0.751; random effect model: OR=1.062 (CI = 0.73-1.54), p-value= 0.751). In conclusion, V89L and (TA)n repeat polymorphisms in the SRD5A2 gene do not significantly affect the risk of BPH.


Nest-site selection and breeding success of the Grey Hypocolius (Hypocolius ampelinus) were surveyed in relation to plant structure in 2010 and 2011 in southwestern Iran. Microhabitat parameters such as Ziziphus nummularia as the main shrubs used for nesting, were measured in 20 × 20 m plots around the nest and compared with random plots. There were no best clear model for predicting the nest-site selection, however, plant variables especially the canopy cover and diameter of the Z. nummularia, were the most important determinant for nest-site selection (wi = 0.5). Grey Hypocolius preferred areas with a higher density of Z. nummularia than other available habitats (28.21 vs 1.2 of cover). There was no strong predictor for breeding success, the best models incorporated either Z. nummularia density or diameter (with model weights of 0.25 and 0.17, respectively). Nests of Grey Hypocolius had a higher chance of success at higher densities of Z. nummularia in nesting plots. We found that a higher density of Z. nummularia improved both the probability of nest-site selection and the breeding success of Grey Hypocolius. Shrubs with greater diameters were more likely to be selected for nesting, but had lower breeding success. To identify the key reasons of nests being successful, more habitat parameters should be monitored. The majority of failure in breeding occurred during the incubation stage (52%).


Objective To investigate the effects of Avastin on VEGF protein expression in the cornea and aqueous humor after penetrating keratoplasty. Methods Rabbits w ere randomly assigned to tw o groups: the eyedrop group and the subconjunctival injection group after PKP according to different administration routes. Each group w as then divided into the experimental group and the control group based upon w hether Avastin intervention w as used. Corneal neovascularization( CNV) w as observed at the 3rd,7th and 14th day after the surgery. VEGF expression in the cornea w as detected by immunohistochemistry technique and VEGF protein expression in the aqueous humour w as measured by ELISA. Results Grow th of corneal neovascularization and expression of VEGF in the cornea and aqueous humor of the experimental groups w ere significantly low er than those in the control groups( P 0. 05). All the observation indexes had no significant difference betw een the eyedrop groups and the subconjunctival injection groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion Early subconjunctival injection of Avastin eyedrop can partially inhibit coreal neovascularization after PKP and decrease VEGF protein expression in the cornea and aqueous humour.


Despite the economic and nutritional importance of the sugar cane crop as a strategic crop، its cultivation and production in Iraq is still below the required level of self-sufficiency due to the growing demand for its uses، Hence the motivation of researchers to cultivate this important strategic crop for the first time in Diyala province located in the eastern part of central Iraq to contribute to improve the local production، therefore the research aimed at assessing the efficiency of the performance of these projects in the province A year of productivity 2018، through the study of indicators and economic efficiency criteria. The results of the study of the economic criteria used for the total projects considered that all the projects studied were of technical feasibility، with economic profit amounted to about 26410.5 thousand dinars، but net cash income amounted to 34145 thousand dinars، and The investor has reached 1.755 dinars and a productivity of 75.5%، which means that the single dinar generates a profit of 755 fils، and a simple rate of return of 75.5%، which reflects the efficiency of the projects to achieve economic profits during the productive year، as for the period of capital recovery was 1.280 years ، That is، the period when the product recovers good and short، the parity point standard as a ratio of 0.23% which low and this reflects the high production safety ، As for the employment rate، it was about 0.569، which is low، and finally the productivity of the changing capital is about 2.23 dinars. We conclude from the study of sugar cane projects that it has achieved economic and technical feasibility and the investment opportunities that are meaningful and have good economic returns and therefore the study recommends the need to invest in these projects because of the revenues and profits and the contribution to the supply of the national product in quantities of production.


Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is one of the promising strategies for converting CO2 to value‐added chemicals. Gold (Au) catalysts are considered to be the best benchmarking materials for CO2RR to produce CO. In this work, the role of different functional groups of polymeric binders on CO2RR over Au catalysts is systematically investigated by combined experimental measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Especially, it is revealed that the functional groups can play a role in suppressing the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction, the main competing reaction against CO2RR, thus enabling more catalytic active sites to be available for CO2RR and enhancing the CO2RR activity. Consistent with the DFT prediction, fluorine (F)‐containing functional groups in the F‐rich polytetrafluoroethylene binder lead to a high Faradaic efficiency (≈94.7%) of CO production. This study suggests a new strategy by optimizing polymeric binders for the selective CO2RR.