This paper assesses the role played by the institutional context in the preparation of critically reflective TEFL teachers in the Postgraduate Diploma in Teaching (PGDT) program of Dilla, Haramaya, and Hawasa Universities, Ethiopia. It examines the extent to which structured opportunities for reflection are used in the three institutions. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies was employed for collecting information regarding reflective practice in the PGDT program of the three universities. Multilevel mixed-method sampling techniques were utilized to select participants. Data were collected using questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and observation, and interpreted using simple statistical analysis and descriptive narrative approach. The study shows that most of the participants lack sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge of reflective practice. It shows that structured opportunities for reflection were not created for student teachers to practice reflection. The researchers, therefore, recommend that the government, curriculum designers, teacher education institution, and teacher educators create a common understanding about the goal of the program, and deliberately setup some structured opportunities to promote reflection in the institutions.


A total of 95 female subjects including 17 breast cancer patients with metastases, 25 patients in the disease-free state after having been surgically treated for early-stage breast cancer, 28 patients with benign breast disease, and 25 healthy post-menopausal control subjects were examined for plasma concentrations of retinol and its carrier proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin, total protein, albumin, and zinc. Of these parameters the RBP and retinol levels were lower in all three groups of patients than in healthy subjects, and little differences in their levels were found between patients with benign and malignant breast disease, regardless of the stage of disease in the latter group. According to the plasma protein and zinc levels, and body mass index, the patients with breast disease appeared to be adequately nourished. These results indicate that the low plasma levels of RBP may be a consequence of breast disease rather than a feature of cancer per se and that the reduced plasma retinol is a reflection of impaired mobilization from its liver storage site.


The lifecycle of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is strictly linked to the programmed differentiation of the host cell it infects. Production of late proteins, which are used for the production of t ...


In this thesis, I examine the Chinese state project of relocation and poverty alleviation in the mountain areas of Southwest China, as seen through people's lived experience in their new living spaces. From examining their perspectives of living in the new government-built houses as well as observations on their changing bodily practices and relational networks in the new villages, I aim to investigate the diverse body of discourses, processes, as well as political and economic arrangements embodied in this project in post-socialist China. I employ this approach as an attempt to shift from examining state power as a unitary force, towards an examination of the multiple processes (political/ social/ cultural/ medical) in which individuals are navigating their life through hygienic and healing practices.


A novel reflective fiber interferometer with non-reciprocal phase modulation adapted from Sagnac-type fiber interferometers is used to measure the differential optical phase shift in polarimetric fiber sensors. The sensitive part consists of two birefringent fiber sections with balanced differential group delay. A key element is a 45°-Faraday-rotator that swaps the polarization states of the orthogonal light waves after their round trip through the two fiber sections. An integrated-optic birefringent phase modulator at the detector end of the sensor introduces the non-reciprocal phase modulation. The application of the interferometer to voltage sensing is experimentally demonstrated.


The paper deals with an optimization of dynamic stochastic systems. Because of point's decision of optimization problem for stochastic system is insufficient, the original statement of the problem is proposed. A special method for a search of region of efficiency in input parameters space, in which values of indices of quality are better, then in other regions, is discussed. It's named as


The past decade has witnessed the extension of orientation and mobility services to visually impaired children, aged birth to 6 years. These services have expanded rapidly despite the lack of a well-documented and thorough research base. This article presents a review of the literature on this topic, including its history and body of knowledge and research and suggests avenues for further research.


The third-order induction-motor model in PSASP was introduced.From time domain simulation,the influence of induction-motor ration and low-voltage load shedding on dynamic stability of power system was analyzed by using the transient module.The influence of different parameters in undervoltage load shedding on rotor angle and voltage stability was compared.The 12-bus multi-machine system was simulated,and the results showed that the stabilities of rotor angle and voltage was easily lost when induction-motor ration was increased;low-voltage load shedding was benefit to voltage stability,but it made the rotor angle curve waved largely.The amount and velocity of load shedding have influence on dynamic stability of power system.


Abstract
One recent direction for leadership research has been the use of purely qualitative data and qualitative analysis. One analytical method used in this phenomenological research has been the full grounded theory method. That method has generated social process theories about leadership in organizational settings. The present research operationalizes those theories into questionnaire format. This operationalized work gives support to a one-factor model for social processes of leadership (SPL) in organizations. It also identifies four lower-order social processes of leadership. Concurrent validity is concluded from a high correlation with Bass & Avolio's and Podsakoff's transformational leadership constructs. The correlations are so high that the SPL scale might be tapping the same underlying construct as transformational leadership. The augmentation effect of transformational leadership over (transactional) management is also supported. Support has been obtained for ongoing grounded theory-based research into the social processes of leadership and influence, and related phenomena, in organizations.


Production of a very high purity concentrate of the antihaemophilic Factor VIII (AHF) by precipitation of an aqueous solution of cryoprecipitate from blood plasma in a first step with such an amount of polyethylene glycol (PEG), preferably about 4% by weight, as will precipitate a substantial amount of the present fibrinogen, subjecting the fibrinogen-free solution to a second precipitation step with preferably about 12% by weight of PEG in the presence of a salting-in agent, such as an amino acid, in particular lysine or arginine, or a carbohydrate, and then recovering the precipitate with a concentrated content of the present Factor VIII. The obtained Factor VIII concentrate with a very low content of immunoglobulins and other plasma proteins has a solubility in an aqueous injection medium of 45 to 500 units/ml and a high specific activity of up to 50 units/mg protein.


The water resources of Tumen city is very rich, but the level of the develop and use is low. In developing and using, the water is polluted,the equipment is poor,the water waster,etc.The article refers:we should try to save the water from heart and make the water useful and reuseful.And we should develop the new water resources and propose reasonably.


The aim of this article is to discuss the depoliticizing character of the rhetoric of corruption and how this is a true phenomenon of the hegemonic substantialization of small politics in Brazilian neoliberal reality. Without losing sight of the determinant category of material conditions and the dialectical conception of history, the hypothesis that conjugates this study is that, in neoliberalism, the Capital sums up efforts to establish a distance between the subjects and the themes of the great politics and, for that, it spectacularises the terrain of small politics. The present article is thus guided by important Gramscian keys - such as hegemony, the search for consensus and the idea of an intellectual - in dealing with neoliberal reality, spectacle and corruption as rhetoric. In addition, we analyze how the logic of the Spectacle, coined by Debord, hinders political action in the neoliberal context, and corroborates the acceptance of rhetoric such as corruption itself.


Risk control is an important step and determines overall risk management. The known risks and their potential consequences must be managed appropriately, effectively, and accordingly company. Risk control is also necessary when foreign exchange transactions are due to currency fluctuations and foreign exchange differences. The exchange rate difference can be obtained from spot, forward and swap transactions we get from spot, forward and swap transactions. The purpose of this research is as follows: 1. To know the procedure of Spot, Forward and Swap foreign exchange transaction at X bank,2. To know the risk control in foreign currency transactions at X bank, 3. To know the analysis of spot, forward and swap transactions as risk control tools at X bank. The research method used in this research is Research Methods Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. With this method facilitate the author in analyzing data from the results described by the author.The results show: spot transactions, certainly will avoid the risk of exchange rate fluctuations because the bank will directly benefit from the spot transactions. And using forward and swap transactions must still be done because to avoid the risk of unexpected exchange rate fluctuations, although there are some larger transactions than forward and swap contracts but negotiations can be done together.

Keywords: spot, forward, swap, risk control


Let H(0) = −¢ + V be a Schrodinger operator on a bounded domain 0 ⊂ R d (d ≥ 2) with Dirichlet boundary condition. Suppose that l (l ∈ {1, . . . , k}) are some pairwise disjoint subsets of 0 and that H(l) are the corresponding Schrodinger operators again with Dirichlet boundary condition. We investigate the relations between the spectrum of H(0) and the spectra of the H(l). In par- ticular, we derive some inequalities for the associated spectral count- ing functions which can be interpreted as generalizations of Courant's nodal theorem. For the case where equality is achieved we prove con- verse results. In particular, we use potential theoretic methods to relate the l to the nodal domains of some eigenfunction of H(0).


Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1981, Vol 26(8), 648. Reviews the book, The Pollyanna Principle: Selectivity in Language, Memory, and Thought by Margaret W. Matlin and David J. Stang (1978). Pollyanna, it will be recalled, was the child who found the gift of a crutch, instead of the doll she so fervently desired, an occasion for joy and gratitude. There are, however, some discordant notes in the authors' symphony of evidence. They deal with these by invoking what they call the "intensity principle," whereby events that are affectively highly polarized (including extremely unpleasant ones) are processed more efficiently than those that are neutral. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)


We have studied the atoll source 4U 1608–52 using a large data set obtained with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. We find that the timing properties of 4U 1608–52 are almost exactly identical to those of the atoll sources 4U 0614+09 and 4U 1728–34 despite the fact that contrary to these sources 4U 1608–52 is a transient covering two orders of magnitude in luminosity. The frequencies of the variability components of these three sources follow a universal scheme when plotted versus the frequency of the upper kilohertz QPO, suggesting a very similar accretion flow configuration. If we plot the Z sources on this scheme only the lower kilohertz QPO and HBO follow identical relations. Using the mutual relations between the frequencies of the variability components we tested several models; the transition layer model, the sonic point beat frequency model, and the relativistic precession model. None of these models described the data satisfactory. Recently, it has been suggested that the atoll sources (among them 4U 1608–52) trace out similar three–branch patterns as the Z sources in the color–color diagram. We have studied the relation between the power spectral properties and the position of 4U 1608–52 in the color–color diagram and conclude that the timing behavior is not consistent with the idea that 4U 1608-52 traces out a three-branched Z shape in the color-color diagram along which the timing properties vary gradually, as Z sources do. Subject headings: accretion, accretion disks — binaries: close — stars: individual (4U 1608-52) — stars: neutron stars: oscillations— X–rays: stars


Single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalized by various molecules and semiconductors have provided a unique class of tunable chemistries for a variety of application. This work functionalized the CNTs with Ag nanoparticles that were in situ synthesized by using holly leaf extract as a reduction agent to achieve a photocatalyst with high photocatalytic activity. The hybrids were characterized by various techniques to understand their chemical and physical properties. The Ag nanoparticles were successfully formed and well coupled on the CNTs surface. The holly leaf extract with low reduction ability leads to a slow formation of Ag nanoparticles and so small average particle size. The formed Ag nanoparticles showed granular particle morphology with a nano-scale size of ∼7–20.3 nm. Lower Ag+ concentration in the precursor solution for the hybrid with lower Ag content leads to smaller average particle size. The two photoluminescence peaks weakened with increasing Ag content, originating from the increase in average particle size. Moreover, hydroxyls existed on the surface of the hybrids exists, indicating a good surface hydrophilicity. Ag showed a efficient sensitization, making the hybrids exhibited a better photocatalytic activity than pure CNTs. Appropriate low Ag content of 5 wt% resulted in the highest activity. The Ag sensitization also enhanced the reductive photocatalysis of CNTs, resulting in further degradation of phenyl in the intermediates.


We report on a simple methodology that facilitates the generation of surface-grafted assemblies comprising block copolymers with tunable composition and molecular weight gradients along flat solid substrates.


This paper applies combinatorial optimization techniques to improve the downlink transmission to multiple users in a network with <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex></formula> cells, where intercell interference is a performance-limiting factor. A fair distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is desirable. A well-known technique to get a fair (balanced) SINR is max–min unicast beamforming (MBF). However, in a multicell network, there are conditions where MBF can result in a low balanced SINR. This happens if, e.g., two users are geographically close together and served by two base stations (BSs) from, e.g., two different interfering sectors. Then, the mutual interference among the two links will be large, and the balanced SINR among all jointly optimized links decreases. Therefore, the users must be scheduled such that these situations are avoided. In this paper, smart selection of active beams to avoid intercell interference is called beam scheduling and leads to a combinatorial optimization problem. This paper proposes a graph-theory-based problem that is closely related to the beam scheduling problem. The proposed algorithms maximize the sum rate or the minimum SINR among all users and slots. For the two-cell case, an optimal algorithm exists. In the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$N > \hbox{2}$</tex></formula>-cell case, the beam scheduling problem is proven to be NP-hard. Based on the close relation between the beam scheduling problem and the multidimensional assignment problem (MAP), this paper presents suboptimal algorithms for <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$N > \hbox{2}$</tex></formula> to maximize either the sum rate or the minimum SINR among all users and slots. The performance gain in terms of the mean sum rate or the minimum SINR is significant compared with random scheduling.


Abstract : The Mexican Expeditionary Air Force was part of the Allied forces in the South West Pacific Area in World War II. Its operational unit the 201st Squadron was organized, trained, and equipped with the P-47 aircraft. This is Mexico's only unit that conducted combat operations overseas. This research paper analyzes the organization, training, and operations of the 201st Fighter Squadron, as the basis for assessing its performance and explain the significance of the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force. The main source of this research is Lieutenant Colonel Enrique Sandoval Castarrica's "Historia Oficial de la Fuerza Aerea Expedicionaria Mexicana". Most of the support for the unit's history and operations data comes from original documents found in the Historical Research Agency at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. It includes insights of participants in the training conducted in the US and the operations of this unit in the Philippines and Formosa. This research paper clarifies some aspects of the operational performance and contributions of the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force. It shows how with many limitations and at a relatively low cost, the 201st Squadron was able to succeed in its combat missions in the South West Pacific Area.


The paper deals with the sizing of controlled electric drives. The approach proposes to use fast numerical calculation. The sizing model is deduced from criteria on the components (e.g. control values, average or RMS values, losses, maximum values, durations, etc.). The approach is characterised by an aid to develop the model, and to integrate them into an optimisation process.


Air quality prediction is an important reference for meteorological forecast and air controlling, but over fitting often occurs in prediction algorithms based on a single model. Aiming at the complexity of air quality prediction, a prediction method based on integrated dual LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the Seq2Seq (Sequence to Sequence) technology is used to establish a single-factor prediction model which can obtain the predicted value of each component in air quality data, independently. Each component of air quality is regarded as time series data in the forecasting process. Then, the LSTM model with attention mechanism is used as the multi-factor prediction model. The influencing factors of air quality, like the data of neighboring stations and weather data, are considered in the model. Finally, XGBoosting (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) tree is used to integrate two models. The final prediction results can be obtained by accumulating the predicted values of the optimal subtree nodes. Through evaluation and analysis using five evaluation methods, the proposed method has better performance in terms of error and model expression power. Compared with other various models, the precision of prediction data has been greatly improved in our model.


Preface Part I: Introduction 1. Points of entry 2. Development of the neo-Walrasian program 1930-60 3. The 4,87th reexamination of Keynes' system 4. The neo-Walrasian synthesis 5. General systemic coordination Part II: Introduction 6. Walrasian equilibrium models 7. Walrasian disequilibrium theory 8. Edgeworthian equilibrium 9. Edgeworth disequilibrium analysis Part III: 10. A brief conclusion Bibliography Index of names Subject index.


Creating novel views by interpolating prestored images or view morphing has many applications in visual simulation. We present in this paper a new method of automatically interpolating two images which tackles two most difficult problems of morphing due to the lack of depth informational pixel matching and visibility handling. We first describe a quasi-dense matching algorithm based on region growing with the best first strategy for match propagation. Then, we describe a robust construction of matched planar patches using local geometric constraints encoded by a homography. After that we introduce a novel representation, joint view triangulation, for visible and half-occluded patches in two images to handle their visibility during the creation of new view. Finally we demonstrate these techniques on real image pairs.


Unenhanced chest and upper abdominal CT scan showed the stability of LAM-associated small thin-walled cysts in the lungs (Fig. 1) and detected multiple bilateral inhomogeneous renal lesions (Fig. 2). The largest lesion (15x10x9 cm) was localized in the left kidney with hypodense fatty areas and hyperdense hemorrhagic areas, without signs of current extravasation. Enhanced upper abdominal CT scan (Figure 3) demonstrated the presence of pseudoaneurysms within the lesion. The CT findings allowed to reach the diagnosis of hemorrhagic angiomyolipoma (AML) of the left kidney. A transcatheter selective arterial embolization (SAE) was performed to treat the renal lesion with a recent history of bleeding, avoiding radical nephrectomy. Once a super-selective catheterisation of AML feeding vessels was achieved (Fig. 4), 700-900 μm Embosphere® microspheres were injected and IDCTM-18 coils were released in order to assure the occlusion of the hypertrophic capsular arteries. A control selective arteriography (Fig. 5) showed devascularization of almost 90% of the lesion, with a rate of residual renal parenchyma of 30%.


In article is considered the relevance of reconsideration of the established evaluation practices of process and educational outcomes of the students in institutions of higher education. Also, it is noted, the necessity in modification of whole relationships, which arising in the educational process. The contemporary assessment forms of knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies aimed at creating a new educational conditions, changing the content, technologies, training tools, strengthening the self - monitoring skills of the students, increasing their responsibility for educational process and for results were considered.


Enterprises T he wave of virtualization is beginning to hit engineering-oriented enterprises with full force. This trend creates new challenges and opportunities for requirements traceability in at least three areas. • First, parts as well as designs stem from worldwide distributed and frequently changing cooperation partners. Traditionally , engineers had to work three to five years in complex engineering organizations before they had any real productive value. Now, cooperation partners are sometimes dictated by laws mandating local participation in the geographic region where the product is installed. We rarely expect cooperation partners to be acquainted with our organizational culture or design knowledge. Moreover, much of the communication in the design process changes to electronic media. Thus, many aspects of process experience that used to be implicit in the organizational culture, need to be made explicit and even externally transferable. Second, competitive pressure leads to a radical compression of engineering processes in terms of time and money. One particular aspect is the replacement of physical prototypes by computer simulation and animation. Some spectacular failures in the recent past demonstrate that it is of great importance to transfer the full richness of all the analyses performed in the old engineering process to the radically changed new process. This goes far beyond the well-known idea of trace reuse. Third, globalization of markets leads to the need to have trendy products at the time of market entry, as opposed to the time of design. Flexibility in engineering processes must enable last-minute requirements changes with Thomas Rose An engineering environment called " PROVE " offers visualization techniques that help process designers see the big picture.


Engine fault diagnosis based on vibration signal analysis which may recognize fault in engine no disassembly state is a research focus. Sampling timing and correct signal is the key of signal analysis. The vibration signal sampling system was built rationally after choosing and connecting instruments correctly in this article. Experimental plan was designed according to the need of DA462 engine vibration signal analysis. Conclusion of analyzing vibration signal show the experimental plan is feasible and reasonable.


In Brit. J. Phil. Sci., 46, Pietroski and Rey ([1995]) suggested a reconstruction of ceteris paribus (CP)‐laws, which — as they claim — saves CP‐laws from vacuity. This discussion note is intended to show that, although Pietroski and Rey's reconstruction is an improvement in comparison to previous suggestions, it cannot avoid the result that CP‐laws are almost vacuous. It is proved that if Cx is an arbitrary (nomological) event‐type which has independently identifiable deterministic causes, then for every other (nomological) event‐type Ax which is not strictly connected with Cx or with ¬Cx, 'CP if Ax then Cx' satisfies the conditions of Pietroski and Rey for CP‐laws. It is also shown that Pietroski and Rey's reconstruction presupposes the assumption of determinism. The conclusion points towards some alternatives to Piectroski and Rey's reconstruction.


Climate-dependent changes in wood anatomical characteristics were studied for Rosa sp. and Nerium oleander sp. grown in phytosociological areas. For this purpose, wood samples were taken from the individual wood species grown in Antalya, Eskisehir, and Kastamonu provenances, where Terrestrial, Black Sea, and Mediterranean climate types prevail, and 11 anatomical characters were identified or calculated. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the climate has large effects on the characteristics that are the subject of the study and that each characteristic is at a higher level in individuals grown in areas where different climate types prevail. The highest values in Rosa species were obtained in the individuals grown under Terrestrial climate type in all characteristics except for LW (lumen widths), EC (elasticity coefficients), and FF (F-Factors.) Whereas in Nerium oleander, the highest values were obtained in individuals grown in the Mediterranean climate type in FL (fibre lengths), LW (lumen widths), FR (felting ratios), and EC (elasticity coefficients). For the same species type, in the Terrestrial climate, RIJID (rigidity coefficients), MUHT (Muhlstep ratios), and RUNK (Runkel ratios), and in the Black Sea climate DWT (double wall thicknesses) and WT (wall thicknesses) characteristics had high values.


Migration velocity analysis (MVA) is an approach to solve a partially linearized variant of the waveform inversion problem, i.e. linear in short scales, nonlinear in long scales. The linear inversion part is often approximated by migration in practice, which is only adjoint of linearized Born modeling operator. In this abstract, we derive the gradient formulas for short scales and long scales separately from the two-term extended waveform inversion objective function, which contains data fitting and differential semblance term. As the reflectivity image inverted by Chebyshev iteration, instead of prestack migration approximation, is used to adjust velocity model, we call this new velocity analysis scheme inversion velocity analysis (IVA). Chebyshev iteration method rather than conjugate gradient method is justified in the derivation of gradient formula of long scales. The corrected gradient calculation is also proved to be more accurate than naive one. In this abstract, we focus on depth-oriented model extension in the acoustic constant density medium, but most of the formulas and algorithms can be extended into other model extensions and more complex medium. Numerical tests on Gaussian anomaly model demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method.


: This research aims to analyze the effect of competencies, organizational climate, and organization facility on motivation to learn mediated by strategic change management and how far the implications of learning conditions in military education institutions can affect student officer motivation to learn. This research uses a quantitative approach through hypothesis testing to test the direct and indirect effects between the independent variables on the dependent variable using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model with the SmartPLS data processing program. This research was conducted cross-sectionally by distributing questionnaires to 400 Indonesian Naval Command and Staff College student officers. The direct effect is shown in a positive and significant effect on competencies, organizational climate, organization facility, and strategic change management on student officer motivation to learn. At the same time, the indirect effect is shown in the influence of strategic change management as a mediating variable in a positive and significant way towards competencies, organizational climate, and organization facility.


This chapter has three sections: 1. General; 2. Sidney; 3. Spenser. Section 1 is by Abe Davies; sections 2 and 3 are by Richard Wood.


Aggregate non-performing loans are the loans of a banking sector with delayed payments. This paper examines how aggregate non-performing loans (NPLs), as an indicator of aggregate credit risk, respond to macroeconomic developments in the Czech Republic. It uses data for the period 1993-2014 and the Bayesian estimation method of instrumental variables. This method exploits a priori information from similar studies for other countries and considers the potential endogeneity of macroeconomic developments vis-a-vis non-performing loans. The estimation results reveal a strong persistence of NPLs and a significantly positive and robust, effect of economic growth and income effect of the exchange rate on the financial condition of borrowers. We also find a significantly negative and robust effect of lending rates on the financial condition of borrowers. The effects of inflation and unemployment are significant but not as robust as the experience of other countries suggests. The balance sheet effect of the exchange rate is positive, but its significance is changing with model specifications. For economic policy, a timely, real depreciation of the koruna in response to rising credit risk could be an effective measure to stabilize the solvency of the banking sector.


During the cold war planned economies tried to separate their internal and external trade, so as not to be affected by international trade cycles while trading with capitalist countries. However, r ...


MOST HISTORICAL COMPILATIONS of mortality statistics for the United States begin with 1900, the year for which the Bureau of the Census began the annual collection of mortality statistics. (Responsibility for national vital statistics was transferred to the Public Health Service in 1946.) In 1900, however, the registration of deaths by State governments was still imperfect in many parts of the country. Hence, the Census Bureau limited tabulations of the data to those areas in which registration was believed to be reasonably complete and accurate.These areas became known as the Death-Registration Area (DRA), which originally consisted of 10 States and the District of Columbia-called Death-Registration States (DRS)and a number of cities in nonregistration States. As registration improved, more States were added to the DRA. In 1933, the DRA finally included the whole of the continental United States (1). Two limitations have been, at the least, an inconvenience for researchers: (a) the published death rates for the DRS in 1900 represented only 20 million of the country's 76 million population and (b) that population was solely from the northeast and northcentral regions. The resulting bias in historical series purporting to represent the nation is one which researchers have had to pass over with little more than a reference. The best possible estimate of mortality in the rest of the country would require intensive study of local data and a large investment, and the need did not appear to justify these.


Abstract The practice of using large open tanks filled with oil for heat treatment can be consigned to history thanks to the development of new technology. Today FEROQUENCH, a water-based quenchant, is widely used to replace open oil quench tanks and this trend is accelerating. Comprehensive practical experience is now available to prove that a water-based polymer quenchant with oil-like quenching properties is capable of providing excellent performance over many years of service. In many cases the conversion of an oil-quenching system is straightforward, although quenchants with a high waterconcentration always require good agitation due to the lower boiling temperature of these fluids compared with oil. The quenching properties of water-based polymer quenchants are much more influenced by the bath-temperature than those of oils. Therefore the temperature has to be controlled to reach constant and homogenous cooling properties. The paper details properties of water-based quenchants together with application parameters and examples of working systems.


The upgrade paradigm has been a widely accepted solution to informal settlements. However, implementing an effective upgrade program has been challenging for governments of most developing countries. This paper reports a study which examined informal settlement residents' preferences for infrastructure provided by an upgrade project and factors influencing their decision to live in a makeshift house. It also examined how an informal settlement upgrade project can be implemented in an effective manner. The data originated from interviews with 231 residents of informal settlements in Port Moresby and was analyzed using mixed methods approach which includes descriptive statistics, qualitative content analysis and binary logistic regression model. The results show that all the residents would support the upgrade project and would pay for service charges associated with infrastructure and services provided by the project. Piped borne water and health care facility were the most preferred. In order for the upgrade project to be successful, residents should be fully involved in planning and implementing the project. Results from the logistic model revealed that decision to live in a makeshift house is influenced by factors such as house and land ownership, frequency of crime in the area, household size, occupation, access to toilet and number of years lived in informal settlement. There is a need to develop an effective mechanism for restricting the emergence of new informal settlements. The findings contribute to urban development planning by providing guidelines for upgrading informal settlements in an effective and efficient manner. The findings will be useful for policy makers, planners and urban development managers in the informal settlement upgrade process.


The first total synthesis of acetylhomoagmatine, a natural product isolated form the methanolic extracts from the sponge Cliona celata, is performed in four steps in a very high yield.


The present article demonstrates a very simple mathematical way to determine the time-dependence of the dynamical gravitational constant () in the framework of the Brans-Dicke theory of gravity. Brans-Dicke field equations, for a matter-dominated, pressure-less and spatially flat universe with homogeneous and isotropic space-time, have been used for this formulation. The gravitational constant () is the reciprocal of the Brans-Dicke scalar field (). Using a simple ansatz, which represents the Brans-Dicke scalar field () as a function of time, the possible values of a constant parameter (constituting the ansatz) have been calculated with the help of the field equations, using the values of some cosmological parameters at the present time. The values of that parameter (belonging to the ansatz) lead to the conclusion that the scalar field () decreases and consequently the gravitational constant () increases with time. The value of the relative time-rate of change of the gravitational constant (i.e., ) has also been estimated and this quantity has been found to be independent of time. Time-dependence of and has been depicted graphically for all values of the parameter belonging to the ansatz. The novel features of this study are that the gravitational field equations did not have to be solved, unlike other studies, to arrive at the results and the mathematical scheme for calculations is extremely easy in comparison to other recent studies in this regard.


Paddy straw has an immense economic value in the form of livestock feed, mushroom material, mulching material, etc. Using Zero till drill and Happy Seeder machines are also economical methods for in-situ management of paddy straw but unfortunately burning of paddy straw is the most promising straw disposal method adopted by the farmers of some Indian states including Punjab. On the other hand, paddy straw is used as animal feed and as a fuel source in West Bengal. This study aimed at exploring the most promising alternatives of paddy straw management techniques in economic terms in the two states. The economic analysis was based on the survey of 20 farmers in each state to work out their economics for the selected paddy straw management techniques used by them. The research findings indicated that in Punjab, Happy Seeder technology proved to be the most economical straw management technique while in West Bengal, animal feed and paddy straw mushroom have emerged as the two most economical techniques for straw management. This analysis can serve as the base for promoting these technologies in both the states in an effective manner to reduce pollution and sustain economic development of the farmers.


The article discusses aspects of the application of geoinformation systems in the tourism business. The rational use of tourism resources in the modern world is becoming an increasingly complex and urgent task. Software in geographic information systems enables people engaged in the tourism business to easily integrate and use available sources of tabular and cartographic information to improve the quality of decisions. Modern geoinformation technologies can be used in organizing and stimulating tourist activity. The main problem in this activity is the lack of information about the area in which the organization of tourism is carried out. We must take into account the terrain, the availability of recreation areas. If tourism is organized, then you need to know the locations of hotels, as well as attractions in the area of the route. If we are dealing with individual travel, it is necessary to know the schedule of transport, rates of hotel rooms, etc. Tourism is one of the industries that have used GIS in their development. The result was the mass application of GIS technology in solving many current and strategic tasks of this area of activity. It should be noted that geoinformation systems will help not only the organizers of the tourism business of the region, but also end users. The tourism business requires improving the quality of management and monitoring of natural and cultural resources, improving the perception of geoinformation in an accessible form for the user. The application of geoinformation technologies for the development of hiking, water and mountain tourism is discussed. Specific geoportals developed for the areas of the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve, East Kazakhstan region, Astrakhan region are considered. It can be noted that recently there has been an active integration of geoinformation systems and tourism business, which brings great benefits to both tourism and geoinformatics.


Orbit determination accuracies attainable during a Mariner/Jupiter/Saturn encounter have been established by means of covariance analyses. Advanced earth-based multistation radiometric data, optical data consisting of star/satellite pictures provided by a narrow-angle TV camera on board the spacecraft, and batch sequential filtering methods were employed. An evaluation of sequential filter sensitivities to errors in modeling small nongravitational spacecraft accelerations is presented. Selected covariances developed in the orbit determination analysis are used in an investigation of the trajectory correction costs associated with a close Ganymede encounter. The 99 percentile Delta V contours in the Ganymede aiming plane are obtained for satellite encounters before or after Jupiter closed approach, and the sources of the dominant contributions to the Delta V costs are identified.


US Army Major Paul Marks discusses the history of American advisory efforts during the Cold War and recommends that the concept and the use of advisors be revived as a tool of contemporary American foreign policy. The failure of American advisors to turn the South Vietnamese armed force into a viable entity and the lack of public knowledge about the success of advisors in El Salvador in the 1980s contribute to a bias against advisors in the public, the government, and the military. The article argues that in today's evolving security environment where the large scale commitment of US troops is neither feasible nor necessary, US national interests can still be advanced through the judicious use of advisors. The article proposes a Joint publication as the doctrinal basis for the employment of advisors.


The GaAs-based betavoltaic batteries with 63Ni source were demonstrated, in which the AlGaAs hole/electron transport layers were introduced to enhance the transport and collection of radiation-induced carriers. The Monte Carlo codes and COMSOL Multiphysics were combined to predict the output performance of batteries and optimize the structure parameters of energy converter. And the optimized GaAs-based battery with a 6 mCi cm−2 63Ni source was expected to achieve a short-circuit current density (J sc ) of 85.6 nA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (V oc ) of 0.67 V and a maximum output power density (P m ) of 43.3 nW cm−2. Then the GaAs/AlGaAs films were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition, and the comb-like electrodes were designed to reduce the absorption loss of beta particles in the p-plane electrode. The photoluminescence and x-ray diffraction were carried out to characterize the growth quality of epitaxial materials. The experimental results showed that the largest J sc of 9.3 nA cm−2, V oc of 55 mV and P m of 143.9 pW cm−2 can be achieved on the 2-busbar electrode battery. And the temperature dependence tests showed that when the temperature decreased to 233.15 K, the V oc and P m increased to 208 mV and 570.5 pW cm−2, respectively. Further improvements in fabrication process are needed to reduce the gap between experiment and prediction. In addition, the optimized structure of energy converter suggests the directions for enhancing the performance of betavoltaic batteries.


This paper explores historical engagement in priestly formation in Indonesia by the Vincentians, the Catholic Religious Congregation, who has been sent to a mission in Indonesia (from the Netherlands) and erected the Diocese of Surabaya since 1923. The paper outlines the Vincentian missionaries' theological understanding of mission and the importance of establishing minor and major seminary to train the indigenous candidates for the priesthood to take care of their local churches. This study's methodology applies a historical approach to see the strategies of the Vincentians to develop the formation of priestly candidates related to the challenges of the times. From this study, we found that the history of the Catholic mission has a meaningful peak in planting the Church as often produced in the mission and the formation of its local priests. The education of candidates for the priesthood is not just a form of apostolic work but is essentially a necessary part of the Catholic Church's mission. The Vincentians have carved a hard work of mission apostolates in the establishment of the Diocese of Surabaya with its charismatic works and the education of its laymen until today and especially in the continual engagement in the priestly formation in Indonesia with its changing challenges. The excellent form of the Catholic priests is essential to the mission, as the candidates will be the future leaders of the local Church and the preachers of the Gospel wherever they are sent.


Recently, many areas in Indonesia are making city branding. For example in 2015 Malang City launched "Beautiful Malang". In the same year, Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) launched "Jogja Istimewa" replaced the previous city branding "Jogja Never Ending Asia", while Surabaya City was far earlier that around 2007 launched "Sparkling Surabaya". The tagline is used as a city branding that aims to highlight the uniqueness of the region. The purpose of making city branding is aslo an effort to raise tourist arrivals to the area. The previous study of these topics focusess on the impact of city branding on tourists visit. What scholars forget about is the city branding that attracts tourists to a certain region born from a well formulation process. This paper will try to map the model of city branding in three areas. By using qualitatives methods, this paper tries to identify how the begining of branding discourse in these three areas raised, the actors that are involved, and the process of formulating city branding. This research shows three kinds of city branding formulation from three areas. First, in Malang City, city branding is made unintentionally because it was a strategy to promote tourism. Second, in Yogyakarta, local government collaborate with many actors in the process of making city branding. Third, in Surabaya city, the idea of city branding formulation born from private sector. In the end, city branding formulation is a form of local government innovation to improve the economic growth of the region. Keywords—formulation; city branding; government


Oxidizer injection plays a major role in the behaviour of hybrid rocket engines, especially regarding combustion efficiency and stability. This study aims to compare two firing tests with associated numerical simulations based on gaseous oxidizer axial or swirl injection through a catalyzer. The oxidizer and fuel couple used was H2O2 (87.5 %)/HDPE. Numerical 3D MILES (Monotone Integrated Large Eddy Simulation) simulations of both configurations were performed and analyzed regarding on one side the combustion efficiency influenced by propellants mixing, and on the other side the pressure oscillations provoked by the formation of large scale vortices in the aft-combustion chamber.


Examines firm strategic positioning and industry dynamics in the wireless telecommunications industry, and the relationship between the two. The study tracks how a firm adjusts resources and capabilities over time to cope with the shifts affecting its industry. Offers insights on what factors drive collaboration of telecommunications firms across industrial borders. The study is based on data on the collaborative relationships of Vodafone Group Plc over a three‐year period. An examination of the motivation, resource contribution and partner industry of Vodafone's collaborative relationships is provided, to illustrate the complexity of firm strategic responses to the processes shaping the industry. Investigates the key motives and resource needs that have driven Vodafone in its collaborative agreements, and how the company has repositioned itself for the changing environmental demands. Identifies and analyzes the relative importance of a set of collaborative motives in relation to partner industry and reso...


Our elected Politicians wage & fund wars nobody supports and then the same corrupt politicians or political parties are the one blocking all human rights


The conversion of actual construction events into virtual representation is a challenging task. Applying virtual modeling and simulation as an analytic and predictive tool for construction planning is an even greater challenge. This paper explores some of the difficulties faced and suggests a modeling hierarchy developed with virtual programming experience gained from two construction assembly case studies


Myxoid tumours of soft tissues can be classified into 3 groups: I. Those in which mucin is consistently found and frequently dominates the histological picture; II. Those in which mucin production is often minimal but is of diagnostic importance; III. Those in which mucin production is an inconstant feature or is of less diagnostic-importance than in the first two groups. The first group includes ganglia and related lesions, intramuscular myxoma, the myxoid variant of nodular fasciitis, plexiform myxoma, spindle cell lipoma, myxolipoma, benign lipoblastoma and benign lipoblastomasis. myxoid neurofibroma, the myxoid variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, myxoid liposarcoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, the myxoid variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, chordoma of soft tissues, myxopapillary ependymoma of soft tissues, and mucin secreting carcinoma metastatic to soft tissues. Eight cases of plexiform myxoma will be briefly reviewed. Plexiform myxomas are small, nodular or multinodular, solitary, intradermal and subcutaneous tumours which are commonest in the second and third decades. They have usually been noticed for several years before medical treatment is sought, they generally measure between 1 and 2 cm in diameter, arise both on the trunk and extremities but are often located on the hands. There is little evidence to suggest a relationship of plexiform myxoma to neural tumours or pacinian corpuscles. Plexiform myxoma appears to be benign.


The safety of prescribed medicines is everyone's concern and we might expect that our healthcare systems would have systems in place to link prescribing with serious adverse effects. However, in general this does not happen often because of concerns over privacy of healthcare data. This article discusses the philosophical arguments for and against the use of anonymised healthcare data for the purposes of determining the safety of medicines. We favour the utilitarian argument that the greater good is served by using these data for this purpose without the consent of individual patients.


General materials and instruments Ultra pure water (18.2 MΩ.cm-1) for all the reactions or measurements was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Direct-Q 3 UV). FeSO4·7H2O (99.95%), NaHCO3 (99.5%), Na2CO3 (99.99%) and NaOH (99.0%) was purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation. High purity Ar (99.999%) and CO2 (99.999%) were acquired from Dalian Guangming Co., Ltd. Other chemical reagents were analytical pure and used without further purification. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates were


To create a postgraduate module using WebCT to encourage self-directed learning using the diverse communities in the City of Birmingham as a learning resource to develop anti-oppressive reflective social work practice.

The educational purpose of the project tackles the issues of preparing social work students to work in a team environment, develop the skills to interact and empathise with members of Birmingham's diverse communities and to reflect upon and research the barriers that they face in accessing appropriate social work services. Through the delivery of this module the students will have the opportunity to develop professional abilities such as accurate recording, ICT, co-operative working, time management and report writing skills. By emulating as closely as possible "real world" issues and circumstances students prior to going out on their first assessed practice will have the opportunity to learn how to link issues of theory and practice, they will also be able to experience at first hand the realities of working with members of socially excluded communities.


This paper expounds the position and objective of higher vocational education, the necessity and importance of reforming examination way, and puts forward the new examinatorial methods.


The first extensive study of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) characteristics and stability at Mercury is undertaken using MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) magnetometer data. Variations in IMF and solar wind conditions have a direct and rapid effect upon Mercury's highly dynamic magnetosphere; hence, understanding of the time scales over which these variations occur is crucial because they determine the duration of magnetospheric states. We characterize typical distributions of IMF field strength, clock angle, and cone angle throughout the duration of MESSENGER's mission. Clock and cone angle distributions collected during the first Earth year of the mission indicate that there was a significant north‐south asymmetry in the location of the heliospheric current sheet during this period. The stability of IMF magnitude, clock angle, cone angle, and IMF Bz polarity is quantified for the entire mission. Changes in IMF Bz polarity and magnitude are found to be less likely for higher initial field magnitudes. Stability in IMF conditions is also found to be higher at aphelion (heliocentric distance r ∼ 0.31 AU) than at perihelion (r ∼ 0.47 AU).


Kazimierz Orloś is known primarily as an outstanding realist writer. The article perceives this aspect: Zimorodek is a brutal story about humiliation of a decent man in the presence of a child. However, the author also wanted to indicate other possibilities of reading Orloś's prose and to put emphasis on the metaphysical subject matter present in the story. In his interpretation, Zimorodek becomes a story about the evil which is present in the world and about the impossibility of theodicy. The evil, personified here in the form of three criminals, excludes the existence of a good God in a Manichean way.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Twenty semesters later: how NFW helped us to multiply majors A. ALAN MIDDLETON, Syracuse University — In the Fall of 1997, I missed my daughter's first Halloween to attend the NFW. Though that was disappointing, I was pleasantly surprised to learn that there were a number of people who thought about teaching and had very constructive ideas to share. I immediately applied what I had learned in the large lecture class that I taught for a few years, with success for my students and my career. I then spent 7.5 years as the Director of Undergraduate Studies: the contacts and insights provided by the NFW and subsequent occasional attendance at AAPT meetings were most helpful in improving our program (the number of graduating majors increased from about 3 to over 15 per year), along with the help of a few dedicated faculty at Syracuse. The specific pedagogical viewpoints and tools introduced at the NFW were helpful in my teaching and administrative work, but the most useful part of the experience was the license granted to seek improvements in both teaching and the undergraduate program and providing contact with others who took such issues seriously. A. Alan Middleton Syracuse University Date submitted: 21 Nov 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


The flaws of the heatproof coat on the nozzle of the sustain rocket motor,such as crack,acicular bubble,local plump,effuse and deposit,were analyzed and discussed.Associated with structure,requirement of heatproof and effect caused by coat on engine,the technics of material and molding was improved,with which the performance of coat was proved and the harmful influence on engine was depressed effectively.


The original information of different protein content solution was collected using Spectrophotometric Colorimetry method (SPC) and Digital Image Collecting method (DIC) respectively. Highly consistency was shown for pure protein solution in comparison with the two methods. For milk powder, higher precision was shown using the colorimetric value G as a characteristic parameter by DIC method. The advantages of using DIC method to detect the content of protein in milk powder of easy operation, high precision and instant and high efficiency. It is more suitable for rapidly determinating and evaluating the food qualityi n the field ofc irculation.


The existing literature linking political institutions and the investments of multinational corporations has focused on how high levels of political risk deter investors from entering into some emerging markets. In this paper I argue that multinationals have multiple tools to manage risks rather than avoid them. Specifically, I focus how multinationals tailor their operations to both minimize political risks and to maximize political influence. Drawing on a confidential data set covering the complete universe of U.S. foreign direct investments abroad, I find that U.S. multinationals restrict the size of their operations in authoritarian regimes relative to democratic regimes in order to minimize the amount of assets at risk. I also find preliminary evidence for firms attempting to increase their influence by aligning their operations with the preferences of incumbent governments. More specifically, firms increase the number of workers they employ when left-of-center governments come to power. Acknowledgements: The statistical analysis of the firm-level foreign affiliate data was conducted at the International Investment Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department Commerce under conditions of confidentiality. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of myself. I have benefited from the suggestions, comments and criticisms of Quan Li, Eddy Malesky, Gary Mill, Pablo Pinto, Andrew Rehfeld and Andy Sobel. Thanks to Fritz Foley, Raymond Mataloni, Andrew Waxman, and William Zeile for help with the BEA data. Funding for this project was provided by the Program on the Study of Multinational Enterprises in the Weidenbaum Center for the Study of Government, Economy, and Business at Washington University in St. Louis and UCLA's International Institute. Preliminary Draft: Comments Welcome (A longer version of this paper is available from the author)


Aneuploidy contributes significantly to pregnancy losses and implantation failures. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) of single cells for selection of diploid embryos has been shown to increase implantation and reduce spontaneous abortion rates. A major challenge in blastomere analysis is the fact that most cells are in interphase. We screened 12 chromosomes on interphase cells (X,Y,8,13,14,15,16,17,18,21,22) for PGD and allowed us to detect ~63% of the aneuploidies in spontaneous abortions. To complement FISH karyotyping of single cells, we developed comparative genome hybridization (CGH) on polar bodies and blastocysts. Results from 60 cases of polar body and 28 cases of blastocyst analysis showed 34% and 57% of normal cells, respectively. The most common aneuploidy seen via CGH involved chromosomes 22, 21, 15, 16, 20, 13, 9, X and Y. Preliminary clinical results showed that PGD combined with CGH leads to a significantly higher implantation rate than controls (61% vs. 28%, p<0.005). PGD is routinely followed by amniocentesis and CVS. We found that aneuploidy plays an important role at the fetal‐maternal interface, and results from interphase FISH studies need to be interpreted with caution; human cytotrophoblasts gain extra copies of chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 14, 15, 19, 21, 22, and X as they differentiate along the invasive pathway. Research support: HD45736 and UC Discovery.


"Simpson's paradox," first described nearly a century ago, is an anomaly that sometimes arises from pooling data. Dramatic instances of the paradox have occurred in real life in the domains of epidemiology and admissions policies. Many writers have recently described hypothetical examples of the paradox arising in other areas of life and it seems possible that the paradox may occur frequently in mundane domains but with less serious implications. Thus, it is not surprising that the paradox should arise in commonsense reasoning, that subarea of artificial intelligence that seeks to axiomatize reasoning in such mundane domains. It arises as the problem "approximate proof by cases" and the question of whether to accept it may well depend on whether we wish to construct performance or competence models of reasoning. This article gives a brief history of the paradox and discusses its occurrence in our own discipline. It argues that if the paradox occurs frequently but undramatically in real life, every uncertain reasoning system will have to deal with the problem in some way.


Objective This experiment was conducted to explore the possibility of repairing tendon defect with chemical xenogeneic acellular tendon combined with IGF-Ⅰ, and simultaneously provided an experimental foundation for cell scaffold of chemical xenogeneic acellular tendon considered as tendon tissue engineering. Methods The-same-age(six months) leghorn chicken's flexor tendons were treated in chemical acellular way as xenogeneic tendon transplant grafts. Based on the experiment, we established the injured model that Double hindlimb Achilles' tendon in the middle beam had 2 cm gap. 54 Japan rabbits were divided into 3 groups randomly, 18 in each group. The experimental groupⅠwas transplant group treated by chemical xenogeneic acellular tendon combined with IGF-Ⅰ(group A), control groupⅠ was autogenous tendon grafting(group B), and control groupⅡ was single xenogeneic acellular tendon grafting(group C). They were immobilized straightly by plaster stone for two weeks. Blood test of 10 rabbits in each group were examined before operation 3 days and after 3, 7, 14 days. At 2, 4, 9 weeks, specimens of 6 rabbits in each group were evaluated by means of biomechanics test, engineering observation by Optical microscope and image analysis. Results(1) Within the same period, the differences among groups in leukocyte count of blood test were not significant(P0.05).(2) Comparing biomechanics in three groups at the same time, we can see the little significant difference between group A and group B(P0.05). In contrast, there were significant differences between group A, B and group C(P0.05). At the 2 weeks, tensile strength was the worst, but 9 weeks later it approached the normal level.(3) After tendon transplant, it experienced cell forming, collagen fibers regeneration, replacement and reshape. During the same period, when the collagen content were compared, there were significant differences between group A, B and group C(P0.05),but there was no significant difference compared group A and group B(P0.05). Conclusion(1)Chemical acellular tendon could obviously reduce immunogenicity and there was little immune rejection after transplant and could meet the needs of tendon mechanical strength.(2)Chemical xenogeneic acellular tendon combined with IGF-Ⅰ had the better effect to repair than single xenogeneic acellular tendon.


We aimed to present the biopsy results of women with HPV 16/18 infection and investigate whether cytology is necessary as a part of routine cervical cancer screening in women with HPV 16/18.


In this new edited volume, The Oxford Handbook of Swedish Politics, Jon Pierre brings together 50 contributors to describe and analyse Sweden's past and contemporary political and constitutional settlement. Challenging romanticising interpretations of Sweden as an inherent beacon of prosperity and equality, this is a much-needed, well-organised and comprehensive collection that traces the evolution, development and possible twilight of the 'Swedish model', writes Carl Truedsson.


This paper discussed certain aspects of the struggle of the Urhobo people to hold a place of worth in the politics of the Nigerian nation and what happened to the Urhobo language in the course of that quest. The Urhobos are a group of people found in the delta region of the country. This research has been carried out in order to examine ways to revive the urhobo language and to bring the people to a point where they can appreciate the language and be proud of it. Indeed, the language has been very much neglected. As at today, needful steps have to be taken towards the revival of the language; creating the need for Urhobo language teachers to walk back in time and return to orality, in the hope of reviving, nurturing and preserving the language. To accomplish this oral tradition has been delved into coupled with an examination of play as a means of restoring the language; a process which would involve the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This paper also determined who plays what role in the process of revitalizing the Urhobo language. The method of study was eclectic, involving verbal interaction and interviews. This study was based on Noam Chomsky's Theory of Universal Grammar.


Tourism is a rapidly growing industry with a significant impact on the global environment. The increasing number of tourists and their behavior has a direct impact on the energy consumption and corresponding carbon footprint emission during their travel. To mitigate the adverse effects of tourism on the environment, it is imperative to raise awareness about low-carbon tourism among tourists and related stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of stakeholders' perspectives on guiding tourists' low-carbon tourism behavior. Through literature review and case studies, the paper aims to explore the effective strategies to encourage tourists to adopt low-carbon tourism behavior from the perspectives of stakeholders including government, travel industry, and local communities.


The study of open-cluster chemical abundances provides insights on stellar nucleosynthesis processes and on Galactic chemo-dynamical evolution. In this paper we present an extended abundance analysis of 10 species (Fe, Ni, Cr, V, Sc, Si, Ca, Ti, Mg, O) for red giant stars in 18 OCCASO clusters. This represents a homogeneous sample regarding the instrument features, method, line list and solar abundances from confirmed member stars. We perform an extensive comparison with previous results in the literature, and in particular with the Gaia FGK Benchmark stars Arcturus and $\mu$-Leo. We investigate the dependence of [X/Fe] with metallicity, Galactocentric radius (6.5 kpc < RGC < 11 kpc), age (0.3 Gyr < Age < 10 Gyr), and height above the plane (|z| < 1000 pc). We discuss the observational results in the chemo-dynamical framework, and the radial migration impact when comparing with chemical evolution models. We also use APOGEE DR14 data to investigate the differences between the abundance trends in RGC and |z| obtained for clusters and for field stars.


The growth of leaves in field-grown head lettuce(cv. Drake) was compared after conventional application of N-P-K fertilizer or after application of various dilutions of livestock waste solution. Plants treated with livestock waste solution diluted 25 times (Ef. 25) or 50 times (Ef. 50) had greater growth than that for any other treatment. The number of leaves was greater with Ef. 25 than that with other treatments, although the increase was not statistically significant. Total head yield increased by fertigation with livestock waste solution compared to yield resulting from conventional fertilization. Plant tissue weight was increased according to the increase in concentration of applied livestock waste solution. The soil chemical properties, pH, electrical conductivity, NH₄ + -N, NO₃ - -N, available P exchangeable Ca and Mg, all increased with the increased application of livestock waste solution. In conclusion, fertigation of the dilute livestock waste solution on the range of Ef. 25 to Ef. 50 could improve yield and quality in head lettuce.


Introduction: How to Build and Retain Reputation With the Help of the World's Second Oldest Profession PART I: HOW TO BUILD REPUTATION The Power of Relationships The Power of Publicity The Power of the Truth The Power of Your Personal or Company Brand The Power of Reputation PART II: HOW TO PROTECT & RETAIN REPUTATION Controlling the Agenda Choosing Your Road Sticking to the Script Sinning by Spinning Rethinking Reputation


T USE milk cans free from bacteria, moisture, corrosion, deposits of organic and inorganic material, as well as other defects responsible for milk contamination, is one of the objectives of those concerned with the production of high quality milk. The attainment of this obje¢.tive has been delayed because no tnlichanical washers have been clesigned\vbichsatisfactorily solved the problems related to economical washing and sterilization of milk cans. Improvements in the design and construction of can washers in the past decade have increased their effectiveness in sanitizing cans and therefore warranted study. The purpose of this investigation was determine :


Summary Attack transients of three free reed organ stops were measured throughout the whole frequency range of the stop and compared to the measurements of a striking reed stop and a flue stop. The purpose of the measurement was to examine why free reed pipes are often judged to have a sluggish attack. As the results show, the attack transients of free reed pipes differ in a number of parameters: rise time, amplitude and initial delays of the partial tones from striking reed pipes and flue pipes. In addition free reed pipes and striking reed pipes do not start with a chiff which is typical for diapason pipes. The analysis showed that the rise time of free reed pipes is shorter than that of striking reed pipes, but often in the same order as the rise time of the diapason pipes. A psychoacoustical test was conducted and revealed that parameters other than rise time, namely different initial delays of the partials and the presence of the chiff, in the case of the diapason pipe, might lead to the perception that the attack duration of the free reed pipe is longer than that of the diapason pipe.


The invention discloses a positioning method and system for achieving palm-center quick rescue of citizens based on network navigation. The specific position and calling contents of a help seeker are displayed on an electronic map of a smartphone or a mobile terminal with a function of navigation in real time through specific APP. Meanwhile, the help seeker can clearly observe the distribution condition of social safety rescue forces (local police stations, fire brigades, 120 emergency centers, and security guard rooms) nearby a happening place, thereby achieving high-speed help, accurate positioning and timely safety rescue for citizens. Therefore, the method and system can be called a protective talisman on a palm.


This research emerged from ideas and ideas that started from our concern and empathy with children out of wedlock who all their lives carry a heavy psychological burden, namely stigmatization as adulterous children, illegitimate children and do not get legal protection at all for their rights as a human child. . This study aims to analyze the dynamics of legal protection for children out of wedlock. We use a normative juridical research method, with a statute approach, regarding the problems we present. The results of our research show that, during the period of 76 years of Indonesia's independence, the State (Government)'s concern for children out of wedlock is very less. It is proven by various laws and regulations that absolutely do not provide certainty, justice and legal benefits for children out of wedlock as the rights of a human child. This practice is not in accordance with the principle of a rule of law based on Pancasila and the principle of equality before the law. But then a legal breakthrough emerged which in our opinion is very advanced and phenomenal (extraordinary), namely, the decision of the Constitutional Court (MK) No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 which gives status, position and rights as legitimate children to children out of wedlock. This legal breakthrough should be appreciated as a spectacular step to make the law a social engineering tool to break down misconceptions about children out of wedlock. however, it is ironic when the things that are missed by children born out of wedlock are rejected by some groups (conservative groups) who oppose the Constitutional Court's decision. So that until now it is still a polemic in society that has not been resolved. Therefore, through a normative juridical analysis, our research tries to provide a solution that the Constitutional Court's decision is very appropriate because it is in accordance with the values of human rights, Pancasila and the principle of Equality before the Law from the State of Law which must provide certainty, justice and justice. benefits of law to every citizen without indiscriminate or discrimination. Conservatives worry that the Constitutional Court's decision can be a way to legitimize adultery, is a worry that is too naive and shallow. In fact, the Constitutional Court's decision can have a domino effect for children out of wedlock, adulterers, and the community. It is time for the dynamics of the law to develop so, where the law is expected to be a tool of social engineering that will change the paradigm and treatment of society towards children out of wedlock.
Keywords: Dynamics, Legal Protection, Children Out of Wedlock


Foster Kennedy syndrome is a rare neurological entity that includes ipsilateral optic atrophy, contralateral papilledema, and sometimes anosmia. The syndrome has been described in association with a variety of intracranial pathologies such as a large frontal lobe tumor, olfactory groove meningioma, or medial third sphenoidal wing meningioma. In this report, we present a case of sphenoidal wing meningioma with Foster Kennedy syndrome in a 25-year-old pregnant female.


Objective To explore the relationship between osteoporosis and leptin and transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) levels.Methods Serum leptin and TGF-β in 24 patients with osteoporosis were measured by ELISA,and compared with that in 24 healthy subjects as control.Results The serum TGF-β in the patients with osteoporosis was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects.however,there was no significant difference in serum leptin between patients and healthy subjects.The serum TGF-β was positively correlated with bone mineral density.However,there is not correlation between serum leptin and bone mineral density.Conclusion The decreased level of TGF-β may be one of the causes to precipitate osteoporosis,but there is no direct evidence demonstrating the change of serum leptin is correlated with the pathogonesis of osteoporosis.


Despite its emancipatory potential, human rights remains locked in a form of epistemic coloniality that defers to Euro-American knowledge and reinforces anthropocentric exceptionalism. In order to employ human rights as a source of emancipation, human rights must itself be emancipated—it must be decolonized. Drawing on the notion of "decoloniality" as a framework that advances radical possibilities by delinking from structural racism, patriarchy and class embedded in capitalism and Western modernity, a typology of human rights as sovereignty, disruption, and tactics is developed as a way of understanding human rights from the position of the colonized. Presenter information: A. Kayum Ahmed is Division Director at the Open Society Foundations (OSF) in New York where he leads the Public Health Program's global portfolio on access to medicines and innovation. He also teaches a class on socio-economic rights at Columbia Law School. Before joining OSF, Kayum served as Chief Executive Officer of the South African Human Rights Commission from 2010 to 2015. During this period, he led a team of 178 colleagues to monitor, protect and promote human rights in South Africa, and oversaw the management of nearly 45,000 human rights cases. He holds a Ph.D. in education from Columbia University as well as various degrees in law from the universities of Oxford (MS.t), Cape Town (LL.B.), and Leiden (LL.M.). In addition, he has degrees in anthropology (M.A.) and theology (B.A. Hons).


Multi-electrode (MEA) assays using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons are expected to predict the toxicity and the pharmacological effects. If we can measure the release of neurotransmitter using this MEA, it is possible to evaluate the drug related to release of neurotransmitters, and it is expected to improve the accuracy of medicinal effects. In this study, we aimed to develop the carbon nanotube (CNT) MEA chip, which enables in both electrochemical measurement of DA release and conventional field potential measurement. The CNT-MEA chip was fabricated by electro-plating method. Detection sensitivity to dopamine (DA) in the fabricated CNT-MEA chip was examined by electrochemical measurement method. The change of DA release to methamphetamine (MTH) were measured using cultured human iPSC-derived dopamine neurons on CNT-MEA. As a result of the electrochemical measurement, an oxidation peak current was observed at 0.25 V, and the detection limit and linearity of DA was less than 5 nM. We have succeeded in real time detection of DA release using human iPS cell derived DA neurons, and detected the changes in the amount of DA release depending on MTH dose. Furthermore, in the human iPSC-derived DA neuron, a change of spike pattern at MTH administration was detected by conventional field potential measurement. CNT-MEA is expected as a new MEA measurement method that improves the accuracy of toxicity prediction and the pharmacological effects. Poster Sessions


DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.1 After presenting a very brief insight into the life of Reto Jörg Strasser, we provide here first a glimpse of his joint research with Govindjee, in the 1990s, done at the Bioenergetics laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland. They both had the most wonderful time there; Reto's collaborative spirit was superb. The two have interacted with each other since then and have continued even after their retirement(s). This is followed by a brief description of this interaction as well as a glimpse of Reto's life and career. Then, Alaka Srivastava and Sandra Stirbet, who have worked with Reto for around eight years, in Geneva, Switzerland, Vineet Soni, who did a post-doc with Reto, and Neera Bhalla Sarin, who had worked with Reto in New Delhi, India, provide their tributes to Reto by remembering their time with him. We all honor Reto Jörg Strasser on his 75th birthday that was in December, 2018. Some of us expect our collaboration to continue in the future. To all of us, Reto is an innovator of the highest order, and a wonderful friend. He is dedicated to his family, his friends, his students and all his collaborators–worldwide. He is indeed a special person; we have included here several photographs to document our camaraderie with him.


Road maintenance are complex systems, and therefore truly understanding their budget is difficult. The high cost of operation and maintenance is a real problem and a major issue in highway projects, and it constitutes a significant part of the total life cycle cost. This study intends to examine the factors attributed to increased operation and maintenance cost and the highway components' difficulty level of operating and maintaining. A literature analysis identified 22 factors responsible for increasing operation and maintenance costs and 23 highway components that are hard to operate and maintain at the post-construction phase. That analysis was followed by a questionnaire survey, and 70 respondents graded the identified factors using a five-point Likert scale during an online survey. The mean and relative importance index (RII) of the factors and highway components were determined, followed by rank analysis. This study demonstrates that poor road design, lack of maintenance plan, high maintenance cost due to lower maintenance quality, poor construction quality, and risk of corruption significantly affect the operation and maintenance cost budget. Among highway components, pavement markings, above the ground bridge (road bridge, pedestrian/ motorcycle bridge), electrical devices, traffic calming devices, traffic and above ground services were rated as the most difficult to operate and maintain. Finally, the relationships between the factors affecting operation and maintenance cost and the highway components were identified using correlation tests. This study provides insight into the major factors of operation and maintenance cost budget and difficulty level of highway components for maintenance.


This paper assesses the hypothesis that in markets where information is lacking concerning the price and the quality of a commodity and the commodity is variable in its supply, sellers will tend to form long‐term, stable relationships with buyers. Data from a coastal Alabama community are used to test the nature of exchange relations between commercial shrimp fishers and the dealers to whom they sell. It is further hypothesized that the social aspects of these exchanges will better predict stable relationships than will economic aspects. The evidence presented supports the stated hypotheses. Finally, the relevance of this research for social theory is discussed.


The measurement in metric units from a perspective view of a real world object is an important task in many computer vision applications. The goal of the perspective calibration is to map the reference coordinates of the 3D object into the 2D image coordinates. This is usually done by recovering the perspective transformation parameters by presenting to the camera a view of a known calibration pattern. Many of the available algorithms require to process all the points of the calibration pattern in order to recover the transformation parameters effectively. The approach we present for the computation of the inverse perspective transformation does not require to consider all the grid points. Rather, a grid matching between the 3D points projection and the model is performed exploiting a graph based approach. Extensive experiments have proved the efficacy of the algorithm in different application fields such as camera calibration and automotive headlight beam characterization.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether emotion- and problem-focussed employee coping styles affect the relationship between workplace incivility and job attitudes (job satisfaction, sense of community), and whether these effects vary by gender. Design/methodology/approach – Survey methodology was used to obtain self-report data from a sample of 314 working adults (90 percent Hispanic, 62 percent female) enrolled in courses at a public university. Findings – Targets of workplace incivility experienced lower job satisfaction and sense of community at work. Employees who typically used problem-focussed coping (PFC) to respond to work stressors experienced greater negative outcomes associated with incivility. Mixed results were found for employees who typically engaged in emotion-focussed coping (EFC) at work: frequent use of avoidant coping and religious coping buffered against the impact of incivility, however, support seeking coping styles strengthened the negative outcomes associated wi...


This article details the efforts of a small coalition of professionals of all colours who founded the psychotherapy service called Nafsiyat in the 1980s in order to counteract a particular set of psychotherapeutic assumptions: notably, that non-Europeans would not benefit from dynamic talking therapy. The article delves into the way the service endeavours to overcome a number of barriers, including scant resources, fear, stigma; at the same time, it seeks to acknowledge Nafsiyat's attempts to incorporate the enduring wealth of culturally affirming practices into its intercultural therapeutic model.


Some "shorthand" techniques are described for the quantification of noise and visual intrusion, which have been applied to strategic and route selection studies. Noise prediction methods applied at each stage of the planning process are discussed. Such techniques differentiate between source noise and noise between source and receiver, as well as between freely flowing traffic and that which is interupted or congested. Noise attenuation and noise prediction aspects are discussed, and two charts are presented which may be used to determine the source noise level - one for free flow and the other for non-free flow conditions. The main forms of visual effects are categorized. A simple quantification of the visual intrusion, the measurement of the solid angle, and the position factor in human vision are also discussed.


The case of a 44-year-old woman with urethral diverticulum is described. The lesion was initially detected by ultrasonography. MRI proved to be very sensitive in localising and delineating the urethral diverticulum and could differentiate it from lesions arising from the vagina or bladder.


This note will look into cases which have dealt with "unspecified" (or "analogous") grounds in terms of which direct and indirect unfair discrimination are prohibited by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the "Constitution"), the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 ("EEA") and the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 ("LRA").
The primary focus is on the classification of "unspecified" grounds in case law by briefly discussing and evaluating the correctness of these decisions. The secondary focus is on the possible expansion of these grounds (with only basic arguments set out).


Thank you very much for downloading making economic sense. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this making economic sense, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer. making economic sense is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the making economic sense is universally compatible with any devices to read.


For solving the problem of test sequencing optimization in fault diagnosis,an improved ant algorithm was presented in this paper.According to the feature of the binary attribute system,state-set vector and test-set vector were defined,the fault testing segregation process was transformed to the process of vector operation and the problem of test sequencing optimization was transformed to construct a dynamic tree with minimum cost.Transfer rule of the ant state was designed and a kind of layered weighted pheromone update mechanism was presented,which combine with the variation in GA and solved the optimization problem of tree-construction.Simulation results show that the algorithm convergences to the optimal solution with high efficiency and provides a new way to solve the test sequencing optimization for large-scale complicated system.


SummaryThe colouring of porous anodic films formed on aluminium in oxalic acid, using a c deposition of silver within the pores, has been studied by electron microscopical examination of replicas t...


The objective of this study was to develop a method of preparation and use of vasectomized stallions, and to test them as a factor preventing genital functional disorders in mares during training and hippodrome testing. Thoroughbred mares of English, Arabic and Akhal-Teke breeds owned by horse ranches of the Republic of Kazakhstan were used in the research. Vasectomy techniques were mastered on a slaughtering material, and then field tested on stallions. A series of experiments were set for comparative evaluation of various methods of preparation and use of a vasectomized stallion, resulting in a technique based on removing the front section of sperm ducts in the ventro-caudal portion of the scrotum. The developed method is convenient, safe, and easy to perform in field conditions. The surgery is not time consuming, and there are no postoperative complications. We found a positive effect of the vasectomized stallion on the course of the mares' oestrous cycles, on their performance during hippodrome testing, and their reproductive function. The method reduced the standing heat period, and the mares quickly recovered their performance. Thus, it decreased the time of the mares' elimination from the training schedule and had a positive effect on the performance during hippodrome testing. The use of a vasectomized stallion during training significantly predetermined the course of the mares' reproductive cycle after completion of the hippodrome testing. The results of this study are relevant to the practical needs of sport horse breeding. Horse, scrotum, heat period, prevention, sperm ducts Reproduction and improving the quality of horses is one of the main objectives of the horse breeding farms. Nonpregnant mares have several sexual cycles within a specific period during the year. Gordon (1983), Livanova (1994), Gavrisha and Kalyuzhniy (1997), Shishkov (1998), Hedberg et al. (2006), and Dzhakupov (2011) indicated that the repetition rate and duration of the cycle are subject to significant fluctuations, depending on the individual characteristics of the mares and environmental conditions. The signs of heat in mares before competitions make them more difficult to use in sports. According to Shipilov (1977), Le Blanc (1997), Gervek (2009), and Philipova (2012), mares in heat display an increased excitability of the nervous system, signs of sexual reflexes, and they are difficult to manage. All these various behavioural problems are based on the same reason a strong influence of the sex hormone oestradiol (Kalpokas et al. 2010). Blue (1987) and Albihn et al. (2003) indicated that the use of a variety of chemical and physical means to suppress oestrus later adversely affects the reproductive function of mares. Therefore, development of effective measures to prevent the functional disorders associated with sexual cycles during training and sport competition is important. ACTA VET. BRNO 2016, 85: 063–069; doi:10.2754/avb201685010063 Address for correspondence: Mardan Julanov Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kazakh National Agrarian University st. Panfilov 75 m. 10, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Phone: +770 777 112 44 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com http://actavet.vfu.cz/ Some publications suggest that the presence of a male provides normal neurohumoral regulation of the female sexual function (Pavlov 1994; Albihn et al. 2003). However, we were not able to find any advice on the use of a vasectomized stallion in the prevention of genital functional disorders in mares during hippodrome testing. Given the theoretical and practical importance of this issue, we set the goal to develop a method of preparation and use of vasectomized stallions, and to determine their effectiveness on the mares' course of sexual processes and performance rates during hippodrome testing. Materials and Methods The experiments involved the Akhal-Teke, Arab, and English Thoroughbred roadster breeds of horses of 3–7 years of age, owned by the following enterprises: the "Rahat" and "Akhal-Teke" stud farms, the National School of Advanced Sports Mastery, the Almaty Hippodrome, the agricultural production cooperatives "Plemzavod Almaty" and "Zhorga", the "Bayserke-Agro" limited liability company, the "Beybarys" horse club, the "Akylbay" stud farm, and several private horse farms. These farms were satisfactory in terms of infectious and parasitic diseases. The number of mares involved in the research is listed in Table 1. All animals were physically healthy and had no history of gynaecological diseases at the onset of research. To advance the method of vasectomy, we selected sexually active stallions with no breeding value. The surgery procedure had been practiced on materials from a slaughterhouse (scrotum with the excretory duct of the seminal gland, epididymis and spermatic cord), and then performed on the stallions under local infiltration anaesthesia. The proposed method of vasectomizing stallions was as follows: the incision was done on the skin and the musculo-elastic membrane on the ventro-caudal surface of the scrotum, 2 cm away, parallel to its seam (Plate VI, Fig. 1). The tail of the epididymis was pulled to the greatest possible extent by blocking the testis closer to the incision, and then the outer and inner funicular process were dissected (Plate VI, Fig. 2). Simple portion of vas deferens was separated from the fascia (Plate VI, Fig. 3), and 2 cm of the portion were removed (Plate VI, Fig. 4). The cut of vas deferens was treated with iodine solution, and the upper portion above the cut was ligated to 0.5 cm. The tail of the epididymis protruding from the wound was washed with a warm and sterile solution of Furacilin at a dilution of 1 : 5 000, and then inserted back into the scrotum. The area was dusted with a powder mixture of white streptocide and iodoform at a 1 : 1 ratio. The wound was tightened together with three stitches of the catgut knotted suture. The same procedure was performed with the portion of the second vas deferens. Before using the vasectomized stallions, correctness of the surgery was checked by collecting the ejaculate three times in order to exclude the presence of sperm in the ejaculate. We conducted three series of experiments for the comparative evaluation of different ways to prepare vasectomized stallions. In the first series (group 1) the surgery was carried out on the base of the scrotum, in the second (group 2) on the top, in the third (group 3) on the ventro-caudal portion of the scrotum. Each group consisted of 7 stallions. The mares were divided into 3 groups with 23 mares in each group in order to determine the methods of using vasectomized stallions. Mares of the first group in oestrus were allowed to mate with a vasectomized stallion daily at an interval of 24 h until the end of the cycle. Mares of the second group were allowed to mate with a teaser stallion whose penis was retracted back. The stallion's mating was performed similarly to hand breeding. Mares of the third (control) group were not allowed to mate. The duration of oestrus, the time of drop out from the training schedule, the mares' behaviour during a training session, and their performance achievements were recorded based on the trainer's log book and on our own experimental observation taking into account the opinion of the jockey. The experimental mares were used on the following equestrian sports: short distance (1.5–4 km) and long distance (17–30 km) racing, pacing race, show jumping, dressage, and running (30–90 km). The following equipment was used in the gynaecological examination of mares: the "Eleps" endoscope (Russia), the "MFK" vaginal mirror for mares (Pakistan), and the PU2200-Plus ultrasound apparatus (High Technology Inc., USA). The research data were statistically processed using the Microsoft Excel program with analysis tool pack for calculating standard deviation. For comparison groups, ANOVA analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used to detect differences at P < 0.05.


While German-speaking Switzerland manifests a considerable amount of dialectal diversity, until the present day the phonetic interrelation of Alemannic (ALM) dialects and spoken Swiss Standard German (SSG) has not been studied with an acoustic phonetic approach on the speaker level.
In this study, out of a pool of 32 speakers (controlled for sex, age, and education level) from 4 dialectologically distinct ALM areas, 16 speakers with 2 dialects were analysed regarding SSG consonant duration (in words whose ALM equivalents may or may not have a geminate), 8 speakers from the city of Bern (BE) were analysed for vowel quality, and 32 speakers were analysed for temporal variables, i.e., articulation rate (AR) and vocalic-speech percentage (%V).
Results reveal that there is much intradialectal inter- and intraspeaker variation in all three aspects scrutinised, but especially regarding vowel quality of BE SSG mid vowels and temporal variables. As for consonant quantity, while intradialectal interspeaker variation was observed, speakers showed a tendency towards normalised SSG consonant durations that resemble the normalised consonant durations in their ALM dialect. In general, these results suggest that a speaker's dialect background is only one factor amongst many that influence the way in which Swiss Standard German is spoken.


Foreword. Preface. Introduction: The Economics of Climate Change in China: An Overview. Acknowledgements Part 1: Synthesis Report Part 2: Toward Climate Protection for Development 1. Fair Emissions: Rights, Responsibilities and Obligations 2. Equity Frameworks and a China Analysis of Greenhouse Development Rights 3. Greenhouse Gases and Human Well-Being: China in a Global Perspective 4. Carbon Embedded in China's Trade 5. A Deep Carbon Reduction Scenario for China Part 3: Growth, Opportunity and Sustainability 6. Tax Instruments for Reducing Emissions: An Overview 7. Exploring Carbon Tax in China 8. Domestic Emissions Trading Systems 9. Emission Reduction and Employment Part 4: Climate Change Mitigation: A Fair, Effective and Efficient Global Deal 10. International Mechanisms for GHG Mitigation Investment and Financial Flow 11. Emissions Trading and the Global Deal 12. Meeting Global Targets through International Cooperation 13. Policy Implications of Carbon Pricing for China's Trade


John Wood and Paul Harrison's video 'Semi Automatic Painting Machine' presents a farcical production line in which objects including a spirit level, potted plant, balloons, bunting and chairs are doused in paint by spray guns.