We thank seminar and conference participants at Harvard University, Princeton University, Stanford University, Duke University, the NBER Summer Institute "International Trade & Investment" and "Macroeconomics and Productivity" groups, the University of Maryland, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Nottingham, the University of Zurich, the University of Munich, the Federal Reserve Board, the Bank of Italy, the International Monetary Fund, the International Atlantic Economic Society, ASSA Meetings 2018, the Italian Trade Study Group, CREST Paris, SKEMA, the SED Conference, and the CompNet Conference. We also thank Daniel J. Wilson for sharing and helping with his data. Akcigit gratefully acknowledges the National Science Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation for financial support. The views in this paper are solely the responsibilities of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the view of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, any other person associated with the Federal Reserve System, or the National Bureau of Economic Research.


CuI(NHC)Br complexes (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) undergo a direct reaction with iodobenzene to give 2-arylated benzimidazolium products. The nature of the N-substituent on the NHC ligand influences the reactivity of the CuI(NHC)Br complex toward arylation. N-Benzyl or N-phenyl substituents facilitate arylation, whereas N-mesityl substituents hinder arylation. Density functional theory calculations show that an oxidative addition/reductive elimination pathway involving CuIII species is energetically feasible. A less hindered CuI(NHC)Br complex with N-benzyl groups is susceptible to oxidation reactions to give 1,3-dibenzylbenzimidazolium cations containing a CuIBr anion (various polymorphs). The results described herein are of relevance to C–H functionalization of (benz)azoles.


DNA cytosine methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications in eukaryotes regulating chromatin organization, genome maintenance and gene expression. The role of DNA cytosine methylation in prokaryotes has not been deeply investigated. In Escherichia coli cytosine methylation regulates gene expression during the stationary phase and cytosine hypermethylation leads to chromosomal DNA cleavage and cell death.


For the safeguarding of the drinking water supply in the east- thuringian area, the raw water system Schwarza will be finished with the construction of the dam Leibis/Lichte.This project has an effect on the downstream ecosystem which is protected by the European FFH- Guidelines (FFH - Flora- Fauna- Habitat). By using conventional operating strategies (constant minimum outlet) substantial ecological effects on the protective area will be predicted. In order to minimize these effects an ecological orientated operation of the dam has been developed. As a result the effects on the downstream ecosystem are expected to be of minor importance. Nevertheless the demanded safety of water supply and flood control of the dam can be guaranteed.


Numerical modeling and experiment research for quantitative analysis of beam quality influenced by transmitted wavefront errors of large aperture Nd-glass slabs by conventional polishing and computer-controlled polishing processes were performed.


A color forming composition or color-forming composite comprising: a) a polymer matrix; b) a warmemodifizierbaren fluoran leuco dye having a latent developer which is attached to the same; and c) a radiation absorber, wherein the warmemodifizierbare fluoran leuco dye out that the color-forming composition comes into contact with electromagnetic radiation, causing the radiation absorber is supplied with energy, is developable, wherein the radiation absorber energized causes the latent developer to undergo rearrangement to produce an intermediate dye form with a phenol substituent, wherein the intermediate dye undergoes an acid catalyzed ring opening to produce a colored dye form.


The formation of Sematic Web Services (SWS) makes it possible to discover, implement and compose Web service automatically. OWL-S, the description language of Sematic Web Service, increases flexibility of Web service description, enriches expressiveness of it and provides a capability-based mechanism of Web service discovery. We introduce a automatic discovery algorithm of SWS in this paper. The property of Web service including Input, Output, Pre-condition and Effect is matched with user's requirement, and then we calculate matchmaking degree. We can also combine UDDI with this matchmaking in order to get better result of Web service discovery for users.


The present invention provides a method of generating a value T representing the mean engine torque generated on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, and generating a velocity vector including a value representing the instantaneous speed of the engine during a sampling period, from the speed vector, determining a step of obtaining the average engine speed n during said sampling period, the frequency x * n (x is preselected orders) the value P The present invention also relates to a device for generating a value T. .FIELD 1


This Special Issue of Compare stems from papers presented to the eighth United Kingdom Forum for International Education and Training (UKFIET) Oxford International Conference on Education and Development in 2005. It draws, in particular, on a set of panels focused on moving towards 'Reconceptualising private sector contributions to learning and livelihood' which explored, from diverse perspectives, how private education provision is understood and how livelihood both shapes and results from private sector investment in learning. Emerging from the conference discussions was a series of conceptual, methodological and practical challenges concerning how the private sector's changing role in education is understood. The papers collected here reflect on and extend those debates and consider the implications for policy, practice and academic research. Offering new insights into these themes is particularly timely, firstly, given the increasing emphasis on an enhanced role for the private sector in policy and programme development as a partner in reaching Education for All; and secondly, given the related growth of research into this area over recent years. This collection extends the debate initiated in an earlier edition of Compare which focused on decentralisation of education and the implications of such policy and practice on the range of actors involved and provision on offer (Dyer & Rose, 2005). The Decentralisation issue highlighted the marginal position of private sector debates in contemporary policy, how it is often by 'default rather than design' that it has become an important player at all levels of education provision (Rose, 2005, see also Bangay, 2005; Little & Evans, 2005). However, while much can be gained by considering privatisation as a form of decentralisation (e.g. Patrinos & Ariasingam, 1997; Bray & Mukundan, 2003), there are distinct practical, political and conceptual concerns related to the private sector that require exploration. Consequently, this Special Issue, devoted specifically to exploring the private sector's contribution to the education sector, has been developed. The papers presented here extend discussion of the diversity of the 'private sector', those schools and education enterprises that are commercially oriented and subject to market-forces, and focus attention on the dynamics of the multi-faceted EDITORIAL Compare Vol. 36, No. 4, December 2006, pp. 411–419


The motion of a fluid column in a capillary is considered. In contrast with the theory of Washburn, Rideal, and Lucas, the velocity depends on the length of the liquid column. In our theory, the effect of the dynamic contact angle was accounted for by using an empirical equation proposed prreviously. Agreement between theory and experiment is excellent


Isotretinoin is notorious for having a myriad of mucocutaneous side effects including cheilitis, xerodermia, facial erythema, pruritis, hair thinning, and brittle nails, among others. Although photosensitivity is considered to be one of the side effects of oral isotretinoin therapy, cutaneous hyperpigmentation has not, to the best of our knowledge, yet been reported as a side effect. This report presents a case of striking facial hyperpigmentation in a patient on oral isotretinoin. J O U R N A L O F D E R M A T O L O G I C A L R E S E A R C H A N D T H E R A P Y ISSN NO: 2471-2175 CASE REPORT DOI : 10.14302/issn.2471-2175.jdrt-14-515 Corresponding author: Ossama Abbas, MD American University of Beirut Medical Center Department of Dermatology Riad El Solh St Beirut, Lebanon P.O.Box 11-0236 Email : email@example.com Phone : +961-1-350000, ext. 7915 Fax : +961-1-745320 Running title: Isotretinoin-induced facial hyperpigmentation


Although originating from the study of infant development, attachment theory has recently been extended into domains of adult adjustment, and this emergent literature underscores the theory's promise as an integrative framework for inquiry and practice in counseling psychology. This article briefly reviews the theory's conceptual foundations and key empirical findings and traces important conceptual and methodological advances. Results of contemporary theory-guided studies of adult affect regulation, social competence, and intergenerational continuity are selectively reviewed Finally, implications of these findings for advancing an integrative understanding of healthy adult coping are considered.


Early and accurate diagnosis of neckrot in onions permits early treatment which can enhance yield and its storage. In the present study, polyclonal antibody (pAb) raised against the protein extract from Botrytis allii was established for the detection of neck rot using serological assays. The pathogenic proteins were recognized by ELISA with high sensitivity (50 ng). Correlation coefficient between infected onions from different stages and from different agroclimatic zones with antibody titres was taken as the primary endpoint for standardization of the protocol. Highest positive correlation (r 1⁄4 0.999) was observed in stage I and II infected samples of North-western zone, whereas low negative correlation (r 1⁄4 _0.184) was found in stage III infected samples of Western zone with developed pAb. Linear positive correlations (R2) exist between antigenic proteins at all the stages of infection and the developed pAb titres. Hence, the developed pAbs could be used to detect the presence of the fungal pathogen at an early stage. This study recommends the use of these developed antibodies in rapid diagnosis of neckrot in


In the title compound, C17H16O3S, the dihedral angle between the plane of the benzofuran ring system [r.m.s. deviation = 0.010 (1) Å] and that of the 3-methylphenyl ring is 79.09 (5)°. Intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed. In the crystal, molecules are connected into a chain along the c-axis direction by two different pairs of inversion-generated interactions: C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds between the methyl groups and the benzene rings of the 3-methylphenyl fragments and π–π interactions between the benzene and furan rings of neighbouring molecules [centroid–centroid distance = 3.673 (2) Å].


Structural and electronic properties of various solid-state phases of gallium have been studied by means of first-principles total-energy calculations. Our results confirm that while the ground state \ensuremath{\alpha} phase is characterized by the notable coexistence of metallic and covalent characters, the other phases are totally metallic. We predict that a phase transition from GaII to fcc should be observable at pressure \ensuremath{\sim}150 kbar.


Epidemiology The total number of primary and revision total knee arthroplasties performed in the United States is projected to increase dramatically during the next several decades. Population growth, the increasing use of arthroplasty, and changing demographic patterns interact synergistically toward these projections. In addition to an overall increase in the total number of surgical procedures, it is expected that the proportion of infections and revisions will increase. Publications focusing on future epidemiologic trends in knee arthroplasty are critical for driving future economic and public health policies. Kurtz et al. projected the expected number of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty procedures in the United States from 2005 to 2030. They utilized Nationwide Inpatient Sample data for the years 1990 to 2003 as well as United States Census Bureau data to formulate a model for projecting the number of cases per year. The projection model, taking both surgical prevalence and population data into consideration, predicted a 673% increase in primary total knee arthroplasty to a total of 3.48 million procedures in 2030. Also projected was a 601% increase in revision total knee arthroplasty to a total of 268,000 procedures in 2030. The authors suggested that this massive increase in projected knee arthroplasty procedures will require additional surgeons, improved surgical efficiency, and increased economic resources. Kurtz et al., in a separate study, quantified the expected future clinical and economic burdens imposed by infections and revisions in patients managed with arthroplasty. Again, the Nationwide Inpatient Sample data along with United States Census Bureau data were used. The authors projected that, from 2005 to 2030, the number of infections after revision total knee arthroplasty will increase from 6400 to 175,500. In comparison, the number of infections after revision total hip arthroplasty will increase from 3400 to 46,000. Additionally, the authors projected that the proportion of revision total knee arthroplasty performed specifically for the treatment of a deep infection will increase from 16.8% in 2005 to 65.5% in 2030. The economic burden resulting from these projections is a 450% increase in hospital charges and a 160% increase in surgical charges from 2005 to 2015 for revision total knee arthroplasty. Petterson et al. studied the impact of osteoarthritis on male and female candidates for knee arthroplasty. A variety of strength and function scores, including the Short Form-36 and Knee Outcome Survey scores, were used to compare healthy patients of both sexes as well as arthroplasty candidates of both sexes. The authors found that, in addition to the expected baseline differences between healthy patients of both sexes, there was an even larger difference between arthroplasty candidates of both sexes. They concluded that women either are more adversely affected by arthritis or are further along in the disease process before considering arthroplasty. Considering that the outcomes of total knee arthroplasty are related to preoperative strength and function, the authors also suggested that earlier surgical consideration may result in improved total knee arthroplasty outcomes for women. Specialty Update has been developed in collaboration with the Council of Musculoskeletal Specialty Societies (COMSS) of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.


A description of the dynamics of planar detonations is developed for detonations in mixtures having heat release small compared with the thermal enthalpy, under conditions that include small overdrive, extending to Chapman-Jouguet. This is a preliminary step in studying cellular structures at small overdrive by a nonlinear analysis of weakly unstable detonations. The formulation exhibits a bifurcation from stable to unstable propagation that occurs when the magnitude of the heat release, the temperature sensitivity of the heat-release rate or the specific-heat ratio becomes too large (the number of internal molecular degrees of freedom becomes too small) or the degree of overdrive becomes too small. The results complement those of a previous analysis that applied for large overdrive. An integral-equation formulation is suggested that embodies both limits, with a universal bifurcation parameter.


Solvent-cast metal-filled composites made of polymethyl methacrylate and aluminum or copper exhibited electrical resistance behavior as is predicted by the percolation and tunneling mechanisms. A precipitous change in volume resistivity of about 1010 ohm-cm was found to be thermally dependent at volume concentration of filler in the range from 17 to 19.5 percent. Materials with compositions at the conductive-non-conductive threshold showed semi-conductor behavior and exhibited memory switching.


With the drastic increase in the number and capabilities of mobile devices, user demands for bandwidth-hungry applications such as video streaming and multimedia file sharing are pushing the limits of current cellular systems. Offloading resources sharing services from the cellular infrastructure to device-to-device (D2D) networks can improve spectrum efficiency and expand system capacity. This paper designs and implements new D2D networks formation mechanism based on commercial off-the-shelf smartphones, and data transmission mechanism among these devices using Wi-Fi Direct(WFD). In this system, we realize the single-hop and multi-hop real-time video streaming transmissions, and compare the performance between the multicast and the unicast transmission mechanisms. To demonstrate and evaluate the system, we implement a prototype system using various brand handsets with Andorid OS and conduct experiments. The results show that the system can transmit real-time videos at the bitrate of 2200kbps and frame rate (fps) of 25 for 4-5 receivers simultaneously within 75 meters in case of single-hop transmission. As for performing multi-hop transmission, the real-time videos can be transmitted to 1 recevier at the bitrate of 5000kbps and fps of 25.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the bioequivalence of zaleplon tablets in healthy volunteers.METHODS The drug concentrations in plasma were determined by high performance liquid chromatography RP(HPLC RP) method following a single oral dose of 15 mg of tested zaleplon tablets and reference zaleplon capsules given respectively to 20 healthy male volunteers in an open randomized crossover design. The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated on the basis of compartment models by using 3p97 program to evaluate the bioequivalence of the two dosage forms.RESULTS The concentration time curves of the two dosage forms were fitted to one compartment model with oral absorption. AUC 0-8 of the tested drug and reference drug were ( 123.6 ± 25.6 ) μg·L -1 ·h and( 128.6 ± 29.0 ) μg·L -1 ·h, C max were ( 55.9 ± 16.2 ) μg·L -1 and ( 61.6 ± 16.7 ) μg·L -1 , T peak were ( 1.0 ± 0.3 ) h and ( 0.99 ± 0.22 ) h, T 1/2ke were ( 1.00 ± 0.29 ) h and ( 0.93 ± 0.13 ) h, respectively.These main pharmacokinetic parameters obtained showed no statistically significant difference between two products ( P 0.05 ). CONCLUSIONS Both preparations are bioequivalent.The relative bioavailability of the tested tablet to reference capsule is ( 97.7 ± 14.5 )%.


Luby Transform (LT) and its companion Raptor codes are the most popular implementations of digital fountain codes. Performance of these rateless forward erasure correction codes is determined mainly by the degree distributions of their encoded symbols. Although the asymptotic behaviors of LT codes with large (>;105) symbol blocks have been deduced analytically, a proficient method for finding the optimal degree distributions of short length (<;103) LT codes is still absent. In this paper, we propose a practical approach to employ evolution strategies in finding the degree distributions of optimal short-length LT codes for different applications. Our approach begins with the development of a new performance model for LT codes based on three measurements: coding overhead ε, failure ratio r and failure occurrence probability p. Three evolution strategies (DE, CMA-ES and NES) were then employed to minimize these performance measurements separately with careful design of fitness functions and necessary transformations of decision variables. Throughout the evolution process, the performance of individual LT code in the population was evaluated with numerical simulations. Our experiments showed that the optimal degree distributions can be found using all three evolution strategies but with different convergence rates and the (r,p,ε) values of these optimized codes are all distributed on a smooth concave surface.


The aim of this work is to compare different time frequency analysis tools in a slug flow. The slug flow is the succession of long gas bubbles which are neither periodic in time nor in frequency. Experimental data mixed with Slug Tracking model, which is an analytical approach, are employed in order to obtain its time variant natural frequencies. The applicability of the Short Time Fourier Transform, Wavelet Transform, Wigner-Ville Distribution and Hilbert- Huang Transform are compared and discussed aiming at discussing advantages and disadvantages of each method in the analysis of the time variant behavior of the bubble natural frequency.


n the article there is considered relationship of Marx's philosophy with a humanity problem as it arises in post-war Western European philosophy. The Marxist tradition separates at this time on scientism (L.Althusser, M.Godelier, etc.), proclaiming that the original Marxism represents scientific anti-humanism, and the humanistic tradition (J.P. Sartre, E.Fromm, etc.) seeking for the sake of maintaining classical humanism to unite Marxism with other ideological currents, for example, with existentialism. It is shown that the French neohegelianism, especially works of Alexander Kojeve who put forward and proved interpretation of philosophy of Hegel from the point of view of existentialism, played a key role in formation of humanistic tradition of Marxism. The antropologization of dialectic thinking within which the place of Spirit of Hegelian philosophy is occupied by the person realizing the freedom in the history becomes the main line of this new interpretation. The Vietnamese Marxist philosopher Tran-Duc-Thao convinced Alexander Kojeve that his anthropological interpretation of dialectics actually coincides in the main features with philosophy of Marxism. After a while Alexander Kojeve's interpretation was adopted by many western Marxists setting the task of recovery of "authentic0Ф Marxism. Treating Marx's humanism as aspiration to emancipate the person from the power of the capital, neomarxists considered this emancipation the major task not only of philosophy, but also of revolutionary practice. Within a humanistic current in Marxism this subject gained hypertrophied value as any question, both theoretical, and practical,was considered from the point of view of as far as it is a consequence of the capitalist projectof exploitation.


Forensic procedures and DNA profiling are commonly used policing techniques employed to solve crimes and prosecute offenders. In more recent times, there has been a focus on the implications of these processes with alleged young offenders. This paper discusses the broader human rights issues for young offenders around these procedures and processes in relation to a specific case study: legislative frameworks in Queensland, Australia. First, the paper overviews what forensic procedures and DNA databases are defined generally and the types of information that can be gleaned from DNA collected through forensic procedures and subsequently databased. Second, the paper analyses Queensland legislative frameworks in terms of human rights issues raised by conducting forensic procedures and DNA databasing with alleged young offenders. The paper concludes by considering possible future directions around forensic procedures and DNA databasing with alleged young offenders with reference to existing legislative frameworks.


In the academic area, the representative indication of Post-Soviet Russia is first revealed in the dismantlement of the existing composition between humanities and social science that had long been solidified at the Russian universities. Particularly, culturology(cultural studies) that had remained at the outskirts of the humanities discourses of the past is becoming so-called 21st century`s integrated studies that go beyond humanities and cross and intersect the inter-studies boundary upon being regarded as a new area of studies since the mid 1990s. Such appearance of culturology is being considered as one of the most ``problematic`` issues in the Russian academic field during the Post-Soviet era because of its speed of advancement, remarkable quantitative scale expansion and the controversy surrounding the identity of study. This study examines the actual condition and present circumstance of culturology centering on the background of appearance, advancement process and relation between culturology and literature. This is to examine how culturology that is ``being created`` in modern Russia is responding to new social demands and establishing the self identity of the study based on its own tradition and heritage. The institutionalization process of the Russian culturology that occurred at the unprecedented speed in the last decade well shows the present condition faced by university education as well as issues and the Russian characteristics in the reconstruction of modern Russian studies. This process is the evidence that reveals the vagueness of identity of culturology as academic studies in spite of having become a department course within universities. Meanwhile, this process reminds of the national-level ``intentional`` plan based on a certain agreement by the entire society on the tradition of ``literature-centrism`` and ``Culture`` contrary to the case in the West.


Marginal materials, also called sub-standard materials, have the potential to replace premium materials in local roads. However, the current definition of marginal materials suffers from the limitation of focusing on whether or not each single property meets the corresponding requirement of specifications rather than reflecting the overall performance of the materials. To overcome this limitation and to better understand the concept of 'marginal material', this study was conducted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework to evaluate the overall performance of five aggregates and an assumed boundary aggregate based on multiple factors (various engineering properties and performance). The aggregates were ranked through comparing the overall weight of each material, which was obtained based on the analysis of the relative weights of criteria and sub-criteria along with data processing of engineering properties.The AHP model is a good method to select the best aggregates within a number of given aggregates. It can describe the overall performance of aggregates in a quantitative way, which allows the qualities of the aggregates to be compared to each other so that the proper aggregates can be selected for different road construction purposes. The validation of the AHP model demonstrates that the AHP analyzed qualities of the aggregates match well to their qualities in field road construction, but there is a need to make a combination analysis on the individual properties (specification pass/fail criteria) and overall performance (AHP model) in the process of evaluating the quality of aggregates.https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i1.358


This chapter reviews a variety of studies that explore leadership styles and how these styles may apply to different and new types of situations in a constantly changing environment. Historical research is explored to examine whether leadership styles as we know still apply today and in the future. What types of styles will leaders in this new information age be required to utilize in order to lead effectively? This is only a beginning for leaders. For the global economy age, will one leadership style fit all? In today's world, leaders will no doubt need to comprehend how to lead effectively within a culturally diverse population. Armed with this knowledge, leaders leading in multicultural organizations can have an open mind-set and understand and at times even embrace cultural differences rather than not understanding and to ignoring the differences.


Information technology is not being optimally incorporated in developing countries for improving healthcare practices and the implementation problems have been so portrayed that it has further reduced investors' confidence in hospital management information systems (HMIS). The purpose of this study was to ascertain the actual impact of various factors on HMIS in Pakistan for which an exploratory study was conducted base on qualitative and quantitative survey in which staff from eight hospitals was approached. Data from randomly selected 145 respondents was analysed and it was found that organizational culture is the main issue in transition from conventional to IT based hospital management system. Other significant factors like organizational functionality, finances, skills, infrastructure, lack of standardization and lack of government sponsorship also affect. Doctor's commitment in implementation of HMIS plays a pivotal role, therefore, they have to be motivated and taken on board. HMIS awareness in Pakistan was significant and a positive trend exists in the private sector to adopt it while public hospitals have been slow to follow. An assertive drive at government level can steer the process, thereby, paving a solid foundation for adoption of e-health in near future.

 Key words: Healthcare, e-health, hospital management information systems (HMIS).


Sawafuqi uranium deposit is located in Akesu of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Due to Neotectonic activity,the occurrence of Tiemiersu and other formations has been steeply tilted and even overturned.The groundwater in the confined aquifers is consequently drained away and there is no groundwater activities in the rocks over the vertical depth of 475 m.Uranium ore bodies are the leftover mainly existed in the transition zone of interlayer oxidation-reduction.Based on the water-rock interaction principle,this paper tries to obtain some basical characteristics of the palaeofluid by studying the hydrochemical characteristics of the leached liquid from rock.


ABSTRACT The importance of good governance is praised by many academics and practitioners. The prominence of the subject suggests that measurement is important. However, setting out to measure the quality of governance empirically is controversial. Doubts regarding the feasibility and meaningfulness of this undertaking are widespread in the literature. Recognizing the potential caveats, the current article discusses a set of guidelines for structuring a theoretically sound local governance assessment tool based on the Decision Analysis and Operational Research literatures. The authors argue that using a multi-criteria model which employs several objective (quantitative and qualitative) indicators and relies on a participatory method to aggregate them is a suitable way of developing sensible Local Governance Indicators. The purpose here is to provide a detailed roadmap for any country (or region, or locality) willing to engage in the assessment of the quality of local governance. The real-world implementation of a model developed according to these guidelines could help raise awareness, promote good practices and increase the 'governance literacy' of citizens. By operationalizing good governance, analysts may also be able to further investigate the relationships between local governance practices and several socio-economic factors.


An apparatus for massaging of skin and sub-dermis and treating the massaged skin by heat. The apparatus includes housing with two adjacent vacuum chambers sharing a common wall between them and an energy delivery surface. A source of negative pressure communicates with the vacuum chambers and alternates the negative pressure between the chambers to effect back and forth massaging movement of skin tissue in parallel to the surface of the skin. The energy delivery surface heats the skin in the chambers.


In this issue of Blood , [Fernandes et al][1] show that treatment of thalassemia patients with the calcium channel blocker amlodipine significantly reduces cardiac iron loading compared with placebo ( P < .02).[1][2]

![Figure][3]

Iron transport through calcium channels in the heart. FPN,


At present, the majority of the world's energy demand is met by the consumption of exhaustible fuel supplies. Consequently, it is urgent to research and develop viable alternatives. In this dissertation, I present research that addresses fundamental questions concerning how water interacts with surfaces and solutes, with the goal of identifying novel systems for energy production and storage. Electrokinetic currents are created when moving fluid entrains charge from the diffuse portion of an electric double layer and carries that charge downstream. The potential difference that develops on either end of the channel is known as the streaming potential. Chapter 2 of this dissertation focuses on electrokinetic energy production and conversion efficiency of liquid microjets. Section 1 of Chapter 2 presents proof-of-principle research demonstrating that molecular hydrogen is generated from electrokinetic currents in liquid water microjets. Hydrogen is generated when hydrated protons are preferentially carried downstream and recombine with electrons at a grounded target electrode. Both the current and hydrogen production scale nearly quadratically with flow rate, as predicted by equations derived from simple double layer theory and fluid mechanics. The efficiency is currently very low (ca 10-6) and is limited by the low electrokinetic current (~nA). Designs to improve this efficiency are considered. Rather than chemical conversion efficiency, Section 2 of Chapter 2 investigates the electrical conversion efficiency of liquid water microjets. Typical electrokinetic energy conversion schemes measure current or voltage via electrodes in the fluid reservoirs on either side of a channel. With this design, the streaming potential drives a current against the flow of the fluid and, consequently, limits the conversion efficiency. In contrast, liquid microjets break up into droplets before reaching the downstream electrode and this eliminates the possibility for back conduction. As a result, liquid microjets yield conversion efficiencies exceeding 10%, much larger than channel-dependent measurements (~3%). It is the large potentials obtainable with electrokinetic currents (tens of kilovolts) that drive up the electrical conversion efficiency. Unfortunately, low currents with high voltages are inconvenient for application. Section 3 of Chapter 2 describes efforts to utilize the high voltage of electrokinetic currents by coupling light into the process. More specifically, the streaming potential is used to modify the space charge layer in a semiconductor and, consequently, the light harvesting characteristics of that semiconductor. To this end, microchannel jets fabricated out of glass and silicon were built to allow light to impinge on the current generating surface. Although plagued with inconsistent results, streaming currents were found to increase upon illumination and some channels even gave measurable responses to ambient room lights. Chapter 3 of this dissertation addresses the details of hydration of boron-oxides and sodium borohydride as studied by near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and associated theory. Boron-oxides and molecular hydrogen are products of borohydride hydrolysis which has been intensely studied for hydrogen storage purposes. In spite of their hydroxide moieties, boron-oxides turn out to not be strongly hydrated by water. The experimental spectra, as well as attending calculations, show no evidence for electronic coupling that would indicate strong hydrogen bonding between the boron-oxides and water. On the other hand, the NEXAFS spectrum of sodium borohydride is significantly altered by water. The experiment and calculations show strong evidence for short dihydrogen bonds between water hydrogens and borohydride hydrogens. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that borohydride is hydrated at the tetrahedral corners and edge.


Abstract This paper presents densities, ρ, speeds of sound, u and viscosities, η of pure 1decanol, C10H21OH, hexadecane, C16H34, squalane (2,4,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetraco- sane), C30H62 and their binary liquid mixtures, with 1-decanol, C10H21OH as a common component, over the whole composition range at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K. The excess molar volume, VmE, excess molar isentropic compressibility, KES,m, deviation of the speed of sound, uD, from their ideal values uid in an ideal mixture, and viscosity deviation, Δη were calculated from experimental data. The apparent molar volumes, Φv,i and apparent molar isentropic compressibilities, Φk,i were also calculated. The values of Φv,i and Φk,i were used to estimate the partial molar volumes and partial molar isentropic compressibilities at infinite dilution, ߙV¯ Φ,i0 and ߙK¯ Φ,i0, respectively. Apart from using density data for calculating VmE, excess molar volumes have also been estimated by using Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) theory.


Download The Troubl d Mind Of Northern Ireland An Analysis Of The Emotional Effects Of The Troubles Pdf filetyp : PDF, Epub, Doc, Docx, MOBI this nice ebook and read the The Troubled Mind Of Northern Ireland An Analysis Of The Emotional Effects Of The Troubles Pdf ebook. You won't find this ebook anywhere online.Read the any books now and should you not have considerable time you just read, it is possible todownload any ebooks for your laptop and check later this pop lar ebook and read the ebook. You wil not find this eb ok anywhere online. B w e the any books now and unless you have lots of time to see, it is possible to download any ebooks in your device and read later Read roubled Min f N rthern Irela An An sis Of he Emotio al Effects Of The Troubles Pdf Fil Online Today Kindl ebook can be cont ue reading phones employi g a Kindle app. Y u are through the ntire int rnet. Scri dis a web ite that e ables us rs to express documents around the web.Targeting the right audience together with your ads is esse tial to being effective. The goals w uld be to rece ve allof the str tegies and secrets to get the a s lute most out of running Facebook ads!! Every so often, it's just unbelievable an application so go d i c mpletely free. How to Get Start with Th Tr ubled M n Of N rth r I la d An A alys s O The Em tional Eff t Of The Troubl s Pdf Fi O line? h re are l t of strat gies for d termining the w rd count of a sp cific . You m t be c rtain you son ordaughter feel c n id n nd it is familiar with s cializing with d fferent children. R ading books bout likely toschool or discussing a number f the activities your young ter will probably be in a positi n to participate in ar g od method f k eping them tilized to the th ory. ue to c pyrigh issue, you must r ad T r uble Mi d O North rn Ireland An Analysis Of The motional Effects Of h Tr bl s Pdf nl ne. You can r ad T Trouble Mind Of Northe n Irela d An An lys s Of The Em tion l Ef ect Of The Troubl s Pdf onl n using button l .


Poly(spiro[2,4]hepta-4,6-diene) (PSHD) is an amorphous random copolymer composed of 1,2 and 1,4 units, whose sequences form semi-rigid (intermediate between rigid and flexible) and rigid chains, respectively. The density of PSHD decreases by increasing the fraction of 1,4 units (F1,4). The aggregation state of PSHD chains as a function of F1,4 was investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic observation. A heterogeneous amorphous state composed of densely and loosely packed aggregates changes to a more homogeneous one with increasing F1,4. Permeabilities of H2, He, O2, Ar, and N2 gases through PSHD membranes with varying F1,4 were measured. Permeability and diffusion coefficients for these gases exhibit minima in the vicinity of F1,4=0.7. This fact can be explained by a combination of chain packing and heterogeneous aggregation of molecular chains.


Objective To investigate the function of artesunate on the growth of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and its potential mechanism. Methods CCK-8 assays were used to measure growth inhibition in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in the presence of artesunate, the IC50 was calculated. Based on the IC50 values, various artesunate concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml) were used to experiments in this paper. 0 μg/ml artesunate group served as the control group, using normal saline instead of the artesunate. Apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow cytometry, after the treatment of various artesunate concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml) for 24 hours. Migration and invasion of the MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated using wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively, after the treatment of various artesunate concentrations (0, 25 μg/ml) for 24 hours. Results Artesunate inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values for MDA-MB-231 of 54.24 μg/ml. Compared to mock-treated cells, artesunate significantly increased apoptosis, while the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased after 24 h of exposure to different concentrations of artesunate (P<0.01), in a dose-dependent manner. The cell migration and invasion abilities were also lower in the 25 μg/ml artesunate treated cells than these abilities in the mock-treated cells. Conclusions Artesunate could inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and inhibit its invasion and migration ability by inducing apoptosis and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential.

DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2020.08.03


Abstract Harvested newly-shed American lobsters, Homants americanus, placed in pounds for long-term storage are prone to damage resulting from high-density confinement. It is beneficial for the new shell to harden as soon as possible after shedding. Artificial diets offer the potential for adding supplements to increase weight, muscle gain, and shell hardening. In this study, lobsters were fed 5 different diets: herring, fish racks, and prepared diets with three levels of vitamin D for a period of 38 days. After the feeding trial, lobsters were reweighed, and samples of the carapace and claw shell were removed and subjected to a compressive force/deformation test to measure shell strength. Results indicate a significant (P< 0.05) difference in weight gain, with the highest level of vitamin D actually inhibiting gain. Subsamples tested for compressive force yielded a positive correlation between the carapace measurement and feed type. Flavor tests on subsamples showed significant differences between all tr...


We run a suite of dissipative N-body simulations to determine which regions of phase space for smooth disk migration are consistent with the GJ876 system, an M-dwarf hosting three planets orbiting in a chaotic 4:2:1 Laplace resonance. We adopt adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) methods that are commonly used in hydrodynamical simulations to efficiently explore the parameter space defined by the semimajor axis and eccentricity damping timescales. We find that there is a large region of phase space that produces systems in the chaotic Laplace resonance and a smaller region consistent with the observed eccentricities and libration amplitudes for the resonant angles. Under the assumptions of Type I migration for the outer planet, we translate these damping timescales into constraints on the protoplanetary disk surface density and thickness. When we strongly (weakly) damp the eccentricities of the inner two Laplace planets, these timescales correspond to disk surface densities around ten thousand (a few hundred) grams per square centimeter and disk aspect ratios between 1% and 10%. Additionally, smooth migration produces systems with a range of chaotic timescales, from decades and centuries to upward of thousands of years. In agreement with previous studies, the less chaotic regions of phase space coincide with the system being in a low-energy double apsidal corotation resonance. Our detailed modeling of multiplanetary systems coupled with our AMR exploration method enhances our ability to map out the parameter space of planet formation models and is well suited to study other resonant chain systems such as Trappist-1, Kepler-60, and others.


There are many factors affecting the validity of guilt knowledge test, so testers should analyze case materials carefully while choosing the right effective items. Revision and evaluation should also be made to ensure the validity of the test.


Saliva is a hypotonic solution of gingival, salivary acini, and exudate sulcus fluid from the oral mucosa. Saliva contains proteins, DNA, RNA, micro-RNA, and metabolites; hence, it can be detected early in viruses, bacteria, as well as systemic diseases. It has been reported to show an ideal role in the isolation of proteins, peptides, and batches of viruses by molecular assays. Previously, saliva has been used as a biomarker to help detect oral cancer, caries, periodontal disease, diabetes, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Investigate research on saliva development as well as the utilized laboratory techniques serving as diagnostic methods for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are the main goals in this study, and the author utilizes the standards set out in the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systemic search was performed by one independent reviewer based on PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2021 using the following search terms: "Saliva" OR "saliva assay" AND "diagnosis" AND "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" in PubMed. Notably, saliva contains a collection of analytes that show potential to be biomarkers for clinical and translational applications; hence, saliva can be used as an effective biofluid in clinical diagnostics. The passive droll saliva technique may be more homogenous than spitting, and it also can prevent the impact of the inhibitory substance. Saliva specimens are beneficial to the safety of healthcare professionals; these specimens can be a substantial source of virus in saliva for dental professionals, especially in the primary stages of illness, and cotton and calcium alginate swabs may contain compounds that interfere with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and render some viruses inactive. Based on some of the above statements, the collection of only saliva can be used as an alternative specimen during the early stages of symptoms for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


The thought on"combination"as an ancient and macroscopic historical view to investigate the social and historical changes,has had a tremendous impact in the Chinese history after being demonstrated by the masterpiece Records of the Grand Historian.In particular,from the Tang to the early Yuan Dynasty,several general historical masterpieces of different genres and different contents published,which advanced the thought of"combination"and the general historical historiography to be a new realm.


Abstract Background Cohort studies of the long-term outcome of anxiety, depression and personality status rarely join together. Methods Two hundred and ten patients recruited with anxiety and depression to a randomised controlled trial between 1983 and 1987 (Nottingham Study of Neurotic Disorder) were followed up over 30 years. At trial entry personality status was assessed, together with the general neurotic syndrome, a combined diagnosis of mixed anxiety–depression (cothymia) linked to neurotic personality traits. Personality assessment used a procedure allowing conversion of data to the ICD-11 severity classification of personality disorder. After the original trial, seven further assessments were made. Observer and self-ratings of psychopathology and global outcome were also made. The primary outcome at 30 years was the proportion of those with no Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnosis. Data were analysed using multilevel repeated measures models that adjusted for age and gender. Missing data were assumed to be missing at random, and the models allowed all subjects to be included in the analysis with missing data automatically handled in the model estimation. Results At 30 years, 69% of those with a baseline diagnosis of panic disorder had no DSM diagnosis compared to 37–47% of those with generalised anxiety disorder, dysthymia or mixed symptoms (cothymia) (p = 0.027). Apart from those with no personality dysfunction at entry all patients had worse outcomes after 30 years with regard to total psychopathology, anxiety and depression, social function and global outcome. Conclusions The long-term outcome of disorders formerly called 'neurotic' is poor with the exception of panic disorder. Personality dysfunction accentuates poor recovery.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure fifth grade students' mathematical calibration skills 3esides, it aims to determine students' calibration skills through this scale. Results of the study revealed that fifth-grade students (n= 94] enrolling to study, have a medium-high level of IM= 55.12, SD= 21.76] mathematical calibration skills. Furthermore, the results showed that students' mathematical calibration skills do not show significant differences with respect to their gender lt=.501, p > .01]. However, students' calibration skills show significant differences when considering their level of mathematics achievement IF|M1|=69.46, p Key Words Mathematical Calibration, Calibration, Metacognition, item-Specific Calibration, Calibration Measure Calibration, which is one of the metacognitive control skills (Nelson & Narens, 1990), is defi-ned as the accuracy of learners' perceptions of their own performance (Pieschl, 2009). For this reason, calibration is considered as a part of self-regulated learning process and it is related with monitoring skills which are reported among metacognitive control skills (Veenman, van Ho-ut-Wolters, & Afflerbach, 2006). Metacognitin refers to an individual's awareness of his own thinking process and his ability to control these processes (Flavel, 1979). It is observed that modern studies discuss the metacognition under three main facets: Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive control and metacognitive expe- riences (Desoete, 2009b; Efklides, 2008; Flavell; Karably & Zabrucky, 2009). To sum up, metacognitive knowledge defines, awareness of how an individual learns, awareness of methods and strategies which are effective for learning process, awareness of selecting useful information and strategies (Bembenutty, 2009; Flavell; Kra-marski, 2009; Sarac & Karakelle, 2012; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Varsari, Battistelli, Cadamuro, & Farneti, 2009). Metacognitive control skills consist of leading mental operations n metacognitive processes and can be defined as the ability to use the metacognitive knowledge strategically in order to attain cognitive objectives (Ozsoy, Memis, & Temur, 2009). The literature focuses on four metacognitive control skills (Brown, 1980; Desoete, 2009a; Desoete, Roeyers, & Buysee, 2001; Desoete, Roeyers, & Huylebroeck, 2006; Lucangeli & Cornoldi, 1997; Schraw, 2009; Schraw & Moshman, 1995); prediction, planning, monitoring and evaluation. Calibration involves monitoring and it emerges with the common use of prediction and evalua- tion skills which are metacognitive control skills (Desoete et al., 2001). Thus, calibration clarifies individuals' awareness of their own cognitive processes such as what they know and do not know or what they do and do not do (Stone, 2000). This kind of accurate monitoring is considered as a prerequisite for successful learning (Lin, Zabrucky, & Moore, 2002). On the other hand, literature reports that ndividual's can better monitor their own cognitive abilities, and thus better calibrated, with increasing age (Hor-gan, 1990; Johnson & Wellman, 1980). Calibration, is considered as one of the developmental changes depending on judgment of knowing (JOK) (Bembenutty, 2009; Cole, Martin, Peeke, Seroczynski, & Fier, 1999). Calibration is the accuracy between one's own judgment about the performance and his/her actual performance on a task (Hacker, Bol, & Bahbahani, 2008). Thus, to measure calibration, it is preferred to compare the actual performance and the evaluation of his own performance (Lin & Zabrucky, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Tobias & Everson, 1996; Winnie & Muis, 2011). Measuring Calibration Previous research studies show that fundamentally two different approaches have been used to measure the ability of calibration. …


How to Use This Book. Preface. Acknowledgments. Origin of Life. Cell Structure. Cell Division. Reproduction. Cellular Respiration. Photosynthesis. Homeostasis. Hormones. The Brain and the Nervous System. Bones and Muscles. Internal Transport: Plants and Invertebrates. Circulatory System. Blood. Viruses and Subviruses. Monera. Protista. Fungi. Plant Kingdom: Plantae. Animal Kingdom: Animalia. Index.


In December 1975, at the age of nine, the male child fell on a school playground, striking his head. There was a brief period of unconsciousness. He was evaluated by a physician, but not hospitalized. There is no further medical information available from December 1975 to March 1976. Complaining of constant headache, chronic nausea, and drowsiness he was admitted to a hospital in March 1976. The admission history does not indicate the length of time these symptoms had been present. The physical examination revealed unequal pupils and papilledema. Neurological examination consisted of skull films, brain scans, and bilateral carotid angiography. The skull films revealed a slightly increased cranial size. The carotid angiography results raised the question of the possible presence of a chronic subdural hematoma, but the diagnosis was not confirmed by the brain scan.


This graduating paper aims to discuss the profile of Pagerjurang Pottery Industry especially profile of Suharno�s Home Industry and Suranto�s Home Industry. Furthermore, this graduating paper describes and explains of production process, various products that they make, and its marketing strategies to attract the customers.
The methods of collecting data are library research and field study. In the library research, the writer studies several books and articles from the internet which are related to the objects of the research. For field study, the writer interviews the owners of Suharno�s Home Industry and Suranto�s Home Industry.
In conclusion, Suharno�s Home Industry creates innovative pottery product with batik motif, for example vase, table, chair, etc. In Suranto�s Home Industry still maintain shapes of Pagerjurang pottery with brownish black naturally and produced with angled technique using perbot miring, for instance cobek, plate, pan, periuk, and so on. In marketing strategies, both of them have the same ways with conventional ways.


Section 18A of the Income Tax Act (Act 58 of 1962), as amended by the Revenue Laws Amendment Act (Act 45 of 2003) entitles a taxpayer (an individual or a legal entity, including a trust) to deduct annual donations to certain public benefit organisations, not exceeding 5% of taxable income. The question arises whether the same tax deduction applies when a taxpayer decides to make a donation in cash as opposed to a donation of property in kind. The aim of this paper is to compare the effect on a taxpayer's taxable income of making a cash donation compared with a donation of property in kind. It appears that the tax deduction in respect of donations is greater when a taxpayer decides to donate an amount in cash rather than a donation of property in kind. The paper shows that, under current legislation, a donation of property made in kind can be structured in such a way that it will provide a taxpayer with an identical tax deduction. It is hoped that current legislation pertaining to the deduction of a donation of property in kind will be amended soon, as the provisions are clearly inequitable in relation to a taxpayer who wishes to donate property in kind rather than a cash amount to a public benefit organisation.


............................................................................................................................ i TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... ii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1 Background and Introduction .................................................................................. 1 Traditional Treatment ...................................................................................................... 1 Crab-shell as a Substrate .................................................................................................. 2 Klondike -1 Field Site ...................................................................................................... 3 Scope of Study ................................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 2 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................ 7 Site explanation ................................................................................................................ 7 Description of substrates .................................................................................................. 9 Field Site Design .............................................................................................................. 10 Field Site Installation ....................................................................................................... 12 Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 3 Experimental Results and Discussion ..................................................................... 14 Water Neutralization ........................................................................................................ 14 Oxygen Reduction Potential ............................................................................................ 17 Metals Removal ............................................................................................................... 18 Ammonium Release ......................................................................................................... 22 Chapter 4 Conclusions and Future Work ................................................................................. 24 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 24 Future Work ..................................................................................................................... 25 Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 27 References ................................................................................................................................ 32


emergence of the information and Communication Technology has infested every areas of the world's economy from commerce through to education. Many educational institutions in the developed world have adopted and deployed various forms of technology in the delivery of education. Intuitions of higher learning in both developed and developing countries are making efforts to catch up with. This paper presents the nature and topology of the nature of learning Management Systems and Virtual Learning Environments in currently being used in Institutions of higher learning in Ghana.


Movement of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) adults following destruction of a nursery plot placed within a cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) field was traced in two field studies. An internal physiological marker was acquired during feeding on the nursery plot and resulted in higher numbers of marked individuals than use of fluorescent dust applied to captured insects. This was in spite of repeated efforts to establish a population of fluorescent-marked individuals. Dispersal immediately following destruction of the nursery plot was adequately modeled as a diffusion process, but emigration from the cotton ocurred within days. When Erigeron annuus (L.) Persoon refuges were nearby, there was a large increase in the number of marked adults found in the refuges one and two days after the nursery host was destroyed. Screenhouse studies showed that the presence of E. annuus near cotton significantly decreased the proportion of adults that remained on the cotton. Projections of colonization potentials were higher for founder populations on E. annuus than on cotton. This suggests that movement toward E. annuus represents efficient use of habitat by this polyphagous species even when E. annuus exists as small patchy refuges within cotton monocultures. Damage to cotton reflected the high L. lineolaris density imposed by the placement and later destruction of the nursery plot, suggesting that damage can result from improper management of nursery hosts.


This paper is concerned with the ill-posed Cauchy problem associated with a densely defined linear operator A in a Banach space. Our main result is that if -A is the generator of an analytic semigroup of angle > π/4, then there exists a family of regularizing operators for such an ill-posed Cauchy problem by using the Gajewski and Zacharias quasi-reversibility method, and semigroups of linear operators.


This paper provides a technical analysis of energy harvesting (EH) in the field of power and energy sector, including different aspects of harvesting energy, individual case history, control strategies of harvesting in the field of power and energy sector together with the current trend and future aspects of it. EH is comparatively a new concept which is growing very fast since the 20th century and catching new generation research approaches. This paper not only describes the past and current scenarios of harvesting energy with radio frequency (RF) and renewables but also gives author's own anticipation of the upcoming future trends of it by comparing the case histories.


Handwritten signature is considered as the most natural way of authenticating the identity of a person. It has been used for the purpose of verification and authentication for long period of time. In this paper, offline signature identification using neural network is proposed, where the signature is captured and stored in an image format. Features are extracted from pre-processed signature image by applying SIFT (Scale Invariant feature Transform) algorithm. After that GA (Genetic Algorithm) is employed on extracted features to select dominant features. The optimized features are then used to train a neural network. During identification, same feature extraction and optimization techniques are implemented on test signatures to extract features. These extracted features are then directed as input to a trained neural network which will classify it as a genuine or forged signature. Experiments are carried on signature database for 50 subjects. So this paper presents an automated and novel signature recognition system, which provides accuracy of 97.2% with low FAR (False Acceptance Rate) of 1.7%.


Tissue engineering and cell-based therapy approaches require artificial scaffolds as extracellular matrix (ECM) and three-dimensional (3D) environment for clinically relevant cells to attach, be metabolically active and proliferate. Moreover, these constructs must possess mechanical and physical-chemical properties matched with certain implantation site. If all the required conditions are met, a tissue-engineered construct is considered as functional and will regenerate or replace the damaged tissue after implantation. In this work, we give a short overview of so-called electrohydrodynamic approach (EHD), e.g. with an application of electric field, to fabricate nano- and microstructured porous polymeric networks. This includes the application of electrospinning (networks) and electrospraying (micro- and macrospheres) to produce scaffolds and semipermeable hydrogel structures as a basis for tissue engineering and cell-based therapies.


Spam is an imperative problem to the email communication today. Different users may have different views on judging spam which makes it difficult to filter spam from normal emails for email server. We found users with similar interest may have similar opinions. So in this paper, we proposed a spam filtering approach in which a collaborative and personalized spam filter based on social network is developed. The key idea is to enable users to push spam reports to their social network friends with similar interest, which reflects collaboration and personalization. Our proposal takes advantage of push technology to share user's individual spam knowledge with others via social network, which utilizes wisdom of crowds to resist spam. According to interest similarity among users, a user can determine whether to push spam reports to his friends with the purpose of taking user's individual interest into consideration. We integrate an interest-based spam filter with a basic Bayesian filter to discriminate spam from legitimate emails. The evaluation of our proposal shows that it significantly improves the performance compared with Bayesian filter according to the accuracy rate.


The practice of Yang-style tai chi for one hour twice weekly for 12 to 24 weeks is moderately effective in improving quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia.


The present study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus & Uncaria gambier by using pheritima posthuma as a test worms. Both test sample taken at different concentration clove bud extract having (5,10,15mg/ml conc.) & pale catechu having (50.100,150mg/ml conc.) were tested on indian earth worms (pheritima posthuma),paralysis time & death of time were consider as assessment of anthelmintic activity. The albendazole 20mg/ml & normal saline solution were used as a standard & control respectively. The phytochemical testing of clove bud & pale catechu done & it showed that clove bud contain Flavonoid, Saponin, Alkaloid, Tannin & pale catechu contain Tannin & Flavonoid. It was noticed in this investigation that the time of paralysis & death of worms was the dose dependent & it was much earlier in case of eugenia caryophylus than in gambier catechu.


The function and features of Solidworks a 3D mechanical design software were introduced.Some examples about plastic bowl and its mould design were used to explain how to use Solidworks to build 3D solid model of plastic product, how to use the product model to get feature parameters before mould design and to derive mould parts from the product mould. The results show that the Solidworks is simple and easy to use to design plastic mould.


Scintigraphic imagery is an important data source since it provides morphological and functional clinical informations. However, scintigraphic images present very bad quality because of several degradation factors. In fact, the recorded data are embedded in noise modelled as the realisation of Poisson process. The aim of this paper is to provide a framework able to enhance nuclear images quality by Poisson intensity estimation. This framework consists, in a first step, of performing variance-stabizing step for the poisson process thanks to the Anscombe transformation. So the obtained data can be considered as contaminated by a white Gaussian noise. In a second step, it uses a bayesian technique inspired of Pizurica approach, known in the literature for exhibiting good results as for white Gaussian noise. In fact, the complex wavelet packets were exploited regarding to Pizurica algorithm.


The absorption cycle is a process by which refrigeration effect is produced through the use of two fluids and some quantity of heat input, rather than electrical input as in the more familiar vapor compression cycle. Both vapor compression and absorption refrigeration cycles accomplish the removal of heat through the evaporation of a refrigerant at a low pressure and the rejection of heat through the condensation of the refrigerant at a higher pressure. The method of creating the pressure difference and circulating the refrigerant is the primary difference between the two cycles. The vapor compression cycle employs a mechanical compressor to create the pressure differences necessary to circulate the refrigerant. In the absorption system, a secondary fluid or absorbent is used to circulate the refrigerant. Because the temperature requirements for the cycle fall into the low-to-moderate temperature range, and there is significant potential for electrical energy savings, absorption would seem to be a good prospect for geothermal application.


Abstract Purpose Multi‐leaf‐collimator (MLC) leaf position accuracy is important for accurate dynamic radiotherapy treatment plan delivery. Machine log files have become widely utilized for quality assurance (QA) of such dynamic treatments. The primary aim is to test the sensitivity of machine log files in comparison to electronic portal imaging device (EPID)‐based measurements to MLC position errors caused by leaf backlash. The secondary aim is to investigate the effect of MLC leaf backlash on MLC leaf motion during clinical dynamic plan delivery. Methods The sensitivity of machine log files and two EPID‐based measurements were assessed via a controlled experiment, whereby the length of the "T" section of a series of 12 MLC leaf T‐nuts in a Varian Millennium MLC for a Trilogy C‐series type linac was reduced by sandpapering the top of the "T" to introduce backlash. The built‐in machine MLC leaf backlash test as well as measurements for two EPID‐based dynamic MLC positional tests along with log files were recorded pre‐ and post‐T‐nut modification. All methods were investigated for sensitivity to the T‐nut change by assessing the effect on measured MLC leaf positions. A reduced version of the experiment was repeated on a TrueBeam type linac with Millennium MLC. Results No significant differences before and after T‐nut modification were detected in any of the log file data. Both EPID methods demonstrated sensitivity to the introduced change at approximately the expected magnitude with a strong dependence observed with gantry angle. EPID‐based data showed MLC positional error in agreement with the micrometer measured T‐nut length change to 0.07 ± 0.05 mm (1 SD) using the departmental routine QA test. Backlash results were consistent between linac types. Conclusion Machine log files appear insensitive to MLC position errors caused by MLC leaf backlash introduced via the T‐nut. The effect of backlash on clinical MLC motions is heavily gantry angle dependent.


In this article we focus on how the language of developmental psychology shapes our conceptualisations and understandings of childrearing and of the parent-child relationship. By analysing some examples of contemporary research, policy and popular literature on parenting and parenting support in the UK and Flanders, we explore some of the ways in which normative assumptions about parenthood and upbringing are imported into these areas through the language of developmental psychology. We go on to address the particular attraction of developmental psychology in the field of parenting and upbringing within our current cultural context. Drawing on the work of (among others) Zygmunt Bauman, we will show how developmental psychology, as one of the instruments that contributes to a breaking down of our existential condition into a series of well-defined, and thus apparently manageable, tasks and categories, displaces rather than confronts the possibly limitless depth of the enormity of the reality of 'being a parent'.


A. The game changer? Stronger and deeper relationships among developing countries and the pivotal role of several emerging powers in the Global South as growth poles, drivers of connectivity and critical sources of replicable and scalable experiences have made South-South (SSC) and South-South-North or triangular cooperation (TrC), a powerful framework for trade, investment and finance as well as exchanges of relevant, cost-efficient and innovative development solutions among developing countries. There has been a striking resurgence in SSC, as evident from the select facts quoted below, with significant implications for the future. It is projected that by 2020 the combined economic output of Brazil, India and China will surpass that of the top six traditional economic leaders of the North, driven by new South-South trade and partnerships.3


This study focuses on a group of students participating in a summer music camp on a large public university's main campus. The study investigates their characteristics and illuminates some of the influences and important factors within their college choice process. Ultimately, the study is intended to increase the knowledge about potential students within the fine arts so that more of the best, brightest and most prepared can be matched with institutions of higher education. The study began with an observation of the demographic and biographic characteristics within a sample of music campers enrolled in a summer program for high school students at the hosting university. The analysis of this data was used to uncover the type of students interested in pursuing further education in the fine arts. In addition, the study examined student perceptions of the College of Music and the hosting university during and after participation in the program as related to four selected college choice factors identified in the literature on academic marketing. Furthermore, an aim of the research was to observe the importance of college choice factors for these individuals. The study involved quantitative and qualitative analysis including pre and postcamp surveys and focus groups, a t test along with means and standard deviation were conducted. Four focus groups were conducted with campers to augment the pre and post-survey data. Questions asked in the groups mirrored the survey's focus on perceptions of the four college choice factors: faculty, facilities, social atmosphere and academics. The focus group results were intended to offer insight into perceptions of College of Music and the hosting university's qualities, but delve much deeper into the camper's experience, their feelings, thoughts, and priorities regarding the four college choice factors. A descriptive narrative was created from the transcriptions and two camper profiles were also created to further understanding of the college choice dynamic among fine arts students in the music camp at the hosting university.


The paper deals with the experience of Czech cities with the revitalization of urban centres. The aim of the article is to find out how cities approach revitalization, what problems they solve and how satisfied they are with the state support. It is based on a representative questionnaire survey of municipalities (114 cities were interviewed, i.e. 28.6% of all cities). The research has shown that the most important problems of urban centres today include the quality of public spaces, transport infrastructure and mobility, and last but not least, the care for cultural heritage. Together with property owners, municipalities consider themselves to be the main actor (initiator and leader) of revitalization. The implementation of revitalization strategies in practice encounters a number of conflicts, especially between transport and the environment, between monument care and business, and between the interests of residents, entrepreneurs and tourists. Most cities evaluate the results of the revitalization of urban centres positively and perceive them as essential for the overall development of the city. More than half of the cities expressed dissatisfaction with a state support. Above all, they miss comprehensive support programs, enabling financing not only the revitalization of physical structures, but also measures to increase the attractiveness and attract new residents and visitors.


The purpose of this study, among others, first, is to analyze the laws and regulations concerning the right to choose illiterates in the 2019 simultaneous elections in the City of Singkawang. Second, for the evaluation of the legal aspects of the Election, specifically talking about the substance of the contents of the laws and regulations concerning providing assistance to illiterate voters. Third, to remind us together that the issue of the right to choose illiterates is an important issue that must be regulated in the election laws and regulations. The focus of the study in this paper is related to how to provide assistance to illiterate voters in the implementation of the 2019 simultaneous elections in Singkawang City. This research is a field research using descriptive qualitative method, meaning that the writer is directly involved with the resource person to reveal the social reality in the community. To obtain data the authors conducted observations and interviews. The findings can be concluded that illiterate voters cannot be provided with assistance when voting on the 2019 simultaneous elections in Singkawang City because there is no legal basis governing the provision of assistance to illiterate voters. So that the impact of the lack of legal basis, illiterate voters who come to polling stations and enter the voting booths, do not vote because of the confusion of the voters themselves.Keywords: Right to Choose, Illiteracy.


A data processing method, a base station and a terminal device.A data processing method comprises:a base station performing channel coding on a first CB so as to obtain a third CB, wherein the third CB includes:first system information, first-path check information and second-path check information;the base station performing channel coding on a second CB so as to obtain a fourth CB, wherein the fourth CB includes:second system information, third-path check information and fourth-path check information, and an importance degree of data borne by the third CB is higher than that of data borne by the fourth CB;the base station multiplying a pre-set coding matrix and the first system information to generate check information about a linear block code;the base station performing exclusive-or calculation on the check information about the linear block code and the second system information so as to obtain third system information, and replacing the second system information included in the fourth CB with the third system information so as to obtain a fifth CB; and the base station sending the third CB to a terminal device, and the base station sending the fifth CB to the terminal device.


This paper describes methods for making clock frequency and phase measurements using a GuideTech Model GT210PCI-8 Universal Counter [1] along with the Stable32 stability analysis software package [2]. The GT210 (shown in Figure 1 is a board that plugs into a PCI slot in a PC [3]. It has four inputs for the A and B channel signals, a reference signal and an arming signal. The GT210 has 8 ps single-shot time interval resolution, 12 digits per second frequency resolution, and operates from DC to 2.7 GHz (480 MHz direct without prescaler). It can be used as either a single channel frequency counter or a two channel time interval counter. Figure 1. Photograph of GT210 Counter Board


Abstract The notion of 'suzhi' (素质), which roughly means human quality or character, features prominently in public and intellectual discourses in China about the country's social and political development, including the prospects for democratization. Despite the pervasive use of the concept by both the government and society, few studies have analyzed whether suzhi is really the root cause of the myriad social issues that have been attributed to it. This article problematizes the notion of suzhi and shows through simple game-theoretic analyses of two heavily debated issues in China that such a predominant focus on suzhi is misguided and misses the crucial role of social expectations in multiple-equilibria social interactions. In fact, without good social expectations even 'high suzhi' people would behave as if they were of 'low suzhi', which perhaps best characterizes many social phenomena in contemporary China. The results of the study thus have critical implications for a successful social and political transition.


data stream management system is used to manage and query coming large, continuous, fast and flexible data stream. The system is based on the flow of data extraction, transformation, combination, which is the main content and task query execution. This paper mainly discusses the design and implementation of query execution module and query execution is composed of two parts which include query operations, query execution and scheduling.


The evaluation of intensive utilization of construction land in small cities is an important aspect of their development in our country. The overall understanding of land utilization conditions in small cities can provide planning and management information for comprehensive and reliable technical basis. According to the division of urban function areas and the adoption of different evaluation indices, we construct kernel principal component analysis model and determine the evaluation index weight to construct the intensive utilization evaluation system. Also we conduct evaluation research on 7 functional areas including residence, commerce, industry, education, administration and office spaces. Also, especially as Yushu City is a large grain-producing city, we used statistics and field investigation data from GIS. The results show that Yushu has a relatively high intensive utilization level and reasonable spatial structure arrangement, with certain potential for extension in an objective way. Keywordssmall cities; weight; GIS; functional area; Yushu City


In this structurecomportant a circuit board (10) carrying elementsde electronic circuitry and a shield case (20) placesur the panel to protect specific circuitselectroniques elements and comprising a frame (30) and side quatreparois (31-34 ) and a cover (45) covering extremitela furthest from the frame relative to the panel, the frame (30) comprises a member (35) supporting the frame on the panneauet an end face in vis-a-vis of the panel, the 'elementde support (35) having three projections (36, 37, 38) sailliesur the end face towards the circuits.Application panel including shielding devices circuitselectroniques panels.


A substantial proportion of opiate addicts receive methadone in the Netherlands, the majority of them in a maintenance program. Nevertheless, the option of prescribing heroin complementary to methadone maintenance as a mode of intervention is in the process of scientific research by randomized trials. These trials also include the effects of different routes of administration: smoking and injecting. The choice of targets, target groups, and the design of the program of medically prescribed heroin is related to questions of health and wellbeing, but also to the supply and use of addiction care, societal questions, and political viability.


A heating apparatus for a hypocaust system is provided to decrease energy loss, and to keep constant indoor temperature by accurately measuring temperature of heating water and outdoor temperature and controlling flow of heating water. A heating apparatus(1) includes a heating water pipe(10) arranged in a floor of a building divided into plural rooms(1a) to form a heating water passage, a heating unit(20) connected to the heating water pipe to heat water, a hot water supply header(30) and a hot water recovery header(40) installed between the heating unit and the heating water pipe to distribute and recover heating water from the heating unit, and a main temperature adjuster(50) installed in the room to set heating water temperature of the heating water pipe and indoor temperature according to the room and to indicate the operation state. The main temperature adjuster, valve actuators(220) and sensors(300,400) are electrically connected to a control unit(600). An outdoor temperature compensation detection sensor(500) is electrically connected to the main temperature adjuster, and valves(210) are controlled by the main control unit.


DJ stent placement is a common and necessary urological procedure that can be used in a variety of ways to treat a variety of urinary tract conditions. It can cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LTUS). Pharmacologic therapy is one of several experiments that have been conducted to alleviate these symptoms, specifically the use of alpha-1A blockers (tamsulosin) and antimuscarinics (solifenacin) in the treatment of LUTS associated with DJ stents. The aim of our study was evaluating the monotherapy of tamsulosin vs monotherapy of solifenacin in ureter stent discomfort patients in department of Urology Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences south Indian tertiary care teaching hospital Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. A retrospective study was conducted in 187 patients with ureter stent discomfort patients. The data collected from 187 patients was initially assessed for their USSQ quesionarries, QoL and efficacy of monotherapy of tamsulosin vs monotherapy of solifenacin was assessed.


Soil structure is defined as the arrangement of soil particles and the pore space between them (Marshall, 1962) and can be defined in terms of pore size distribution, pore continuity and tortuosity (Lawrence, 1977). Pore size distribution determines the soil's capacity to transmit water (Lal, 1991) and affects the intensity of phenomena (interception, mass flow and diffusion) by which plants acquire nutrients (Greenland, 1979; Amézquita, 1994). Soil structure also governs the microbial activity of soils (Crawford et al, 1993).


Over forty years ago, nurse practitioner and physician assistant (PA) training programs commenced in the USA to help address the increasing need for primary health care services in rural and medically underserved communities, and nurse practitioners are recent additions to the Australian health care workforce. James Cook University and University of Queensland are currently developing PA programs for similar use and deployment in Queensland. In the USA, Texas is a state of health care contrasts wherein the largest percentage of uninsured residents per capita coexist with the largest medical centre in the world. Although Houston and Dallas are respectively the fourth and ninth largest cities in the USA, the remote western area of Texas has a population density similar to rural and remote Australia, and the state is equivalent in size to approximately half the land mass of Northern Territory. Of the 254 Texas counties, 60 (24% of the state) were populated with six or fewer people per 2.6 km in 2006, meeting the federal government criterion for 'frontier' designation. In order to determine the rural and remote area distribution of doctors and PAs, a statewide assessment of provider demographics was necessary.


BACKGROUND: Data of real clinical practice in diabetes mellitus (DM) register allow to evaluate features and trends in structure of glucose-lowering therapy (GLT).
AIM: Тo analyze of structure of GLT received by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Moscow region for 2018 and to evaluate its dynamics over 15 years.
METHODS: Analysis of GLT structure was carried out on basis of data from register of patients with DM in Moscow region, which is part of National register of diabetes mellitus in Russian Federation. In March 2018 it contained data on 211,792 T2DM patients of Moscow region. Structure of GLT administration was evaluated according T2DM duration, patients age and presence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Dynamics of GLT is analyzed from 2004 to 2018 yrs.
RESULTS: In 2018 non-insulin glucose-lowering drugs (NIGD) prescription prevailed (78.3%), insulin therapy was prescribed in 18.5% of patients, 3.2% of patients did not receive drug therapy. Most commonly prescribed NIGD were metformin (69.3%) and sulfonylurea (51.3%). Older patients more often than younger did not use GLT at all and less frequently received insulin therapy and iDPP-4. Insulin therapy was prescribed twice as often in patients with CVD compared with patients without CVD (29.6% and 15.5%). NIGD monotherapy has been less commonly used in patients with CVD (67.3% and 81.2%). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) were prescribed to patients with CVD GLP-1 RA in 0.1% of cases, without CVD in 0.3% of cases, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in 1.1% and 0.6%. correspondently.
CONCLUSION: Metformin was most commonly prescribed drug in GLT structure for T2DM patients in the Moscow region in 2018 yr. Percentage of new drugs in the structure of GLT increased mainly due to iDPP-4, and secondly due to SGLT2 inhibitors. New classes of GLT were more often prescribed to patients of younger age, with diabetes duration up to 10 years, overweight or obese. Administration of NIGD with proven cardiovascular protection in presence of CVD is almost two times less than for those without CVD.


Abstract Objectives: Little is known about toxicity-related costs of monoclonal antibody treatments in metastatic colorectal cancer. This study aimed to identify toxicities associated with bevacizumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab and estimate the direct costs of these toxicities. Methods: Grade 3 and 4 toxicities were identified by a comprehensive literature search. Inpatient costs were estimated using ICD-9 codes and 2007 Medicare payments from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database; costs were converted to 2010 dollars. Outpatient costs were estimated by applying 2010 Medicare reimbursement rates to resource use assumptions (based on in-depth clinical interviews). Results: Toxicities associated with bevacizumab included hypertension, arterial thrombosis, hemorrhage, gastrointestinal (GI) perforation, fistula, and wound-healing complications; toxicities associated with cetuximab and panitumumab included skin rash, hypomagnesemia, and infusion reactions. The inpatient cost per event was highest for GI perforation (USD 32,443), followed by fistula (USD 29,062), arterial thrombosis (USD 20,346), and wound-healing complications (USD 13,240), while inpatient costs per event for hypomagnesemia and skin rash were among the lowest. The cost per event of toxicities treated in the outpatient setting included USD 185 for skin rash up to USD 585 for wound-healing complications. Limitations: Treatment costs of toxicities for the outpatient setting were determined using assumptions validated by clinicians, and unit costs were based on Medicare reimbursement rates, which are often lower than the reimbursement rates for commercial health insurance plans. Toxicities included were only grades 3 and 4 adverse events and might be limited by differences between clinical studies. Conclusions: Monoclonal antibodies have different toxicity profiles and the costs associated with managing these toxicities vary greatly.


2. The inseparable links between the spiritual, moral and political aspects of society are complex and profound. Leaders of the Church have to be careful not to step outside the limits of their own competence nor to infringe the proper autonomy of lay people. It is not for bishops to tell people how to vote. Bishops, clergy and lay people need to work together, each partner respecting the appropriate competence and experience of others.


Aiming at the construction requirements of "outdoor test field for LED street lamp", an auto test vehicle for outdoor illuminance performance was developed. The test vehicle is consisted of AGV, AGV controller, encoder interface circuit, measurement & control terminal and remote controller. The AGV controller collects signals from encoders and landmark sensors. The position information of AGV is accurately measured by multi-sensor information fusion technology. The AGV controller identifies the parameters dynamically such as kinetic lead, controls the action of AGV. In the AGV motion control system, the AGV positioning error is within 3cm, meet measurement requirements of outdoor test field. Through the interface circuit with measurement & control terminal, the AGV controller can test the related parameters of outdoor LED lamp automatically, such as illuminance parameters and electrical parameters. These parameters can be transmitted to the control center with wireless networks.


Weed control is a common practice in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L.) cultivation to prevent yield loss. The results showed that the most weed inhibition was observed in the treatment of rice straw mulch for 5 weeks after planting date (WAP) and at harvesting with a dry biomass weight of 13.49 g and 9.61 g, respectively. Nonetheless, the organic mulch had no prominent effect on sorghum yield. Keller variety had the highest biomass, but the yield was lower than the other two varieties. The result indicated that Keller variety was more suitable for animal feed, while Samurai and Super-2 varieties were prospective for human consumption. In addition, all tested sorghum varieties are potentially cultivated in the tropical coastal environment.


Traditional models to predict intensive care outcomes do not perform well in COVID‐19. We undertook a comprehensive study of factors affecting mortality and functional outcome after severe COVID‐19.


For road infrastructures, the concepts of sustainability and resilience are becoming more and more relevant. The sustainability is closely linked with the concept of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The resilience is usually connected with the occurrence of extreme events or unusual disturbances (earthquake, landslide, floods) during the life cycle of infrastructures and refers to their ability of recover the previous functionality. Usually, the two concepts that account for two desired qualities of the infrastructures are applied following separate approaches. Better choices in road design, maintenance and rehabilitation should lead to an improvement of both qualities. On the other hand, an in deep analysis of the sustainability and resilience demonstrates a significant number of similar characteristics. In the light of the above premises, in the present paper, the suitability of an integrated approach in the choice of the rehabilitation alternatives after an extreme event is evaluated. A method to assess the sustainability, based on life cycle costs, and to estimate the resilience is setup. It resulted that an integrated perspective can be pursued and both resilience and sustainability allow addressing an appropriate amount of technical, economic and environmental/social issues and can lead to identifying the most efficient solution of rehabilitation.


In this paper, we investigate a joint beamforming and time switching (TS) design for an energy-constrained cognitive two-way relay (TWR) network. In the network, the energy-constrained secondary user (SU) relay employs TS protocol to harvest energy from the signals sent by the circuit-powered primary user (PU) transmitter, and then exploits the harvested energy to perform information forwarding. Our aim is to maximize the sum rate of SUs under the constraints of the data rate of PU, the energy harvesting and the transmit power of the SU relay. To determine the beamforming matrix and TS ratio, we decouple the original non-convex problem into two subproblems which can be solved by semidefinite relaxation and successive convex optimization methods. Furthermore, we derive closed form expressions of the optimal solutions for each subproblem, which facilitates the design of a suboptimal iterative algorithm to handle the original sum rate maximization problem. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and superior performance of the proposed joint design against other conventional schemes in the literature.


At present, the limitation of intangible cultural experience lies in the lack of long-term immersive cultural experience for users. In order to solve this problem, this study divides the process from the perspective of Freudian psychology and combines the theoretical research on intangible cultural heritage and flow experience to get the preliminary research direction. Then, based on the existing interactive experience cases of intangible cultural heritage, a set of method model of immersive interactive experience of intangible cultural heritage based on flow theory is summarized through user interviews in this research. Finally, through data verification, the model is proved to be correct. In addition, this study offers some important insights into differences between primary users and experienced users, and proposed specific guiding suggestions for immersive interactive experience design of intangible cultural heritage based on flow theory in the future.