With the goal of lowering the cost of identifying underage youth trying to purchase alcohol and tobacco, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have adopted so-called vertical identification laws (VILs), which require state identification cards (drivers' licenses) issued to those under age 21 to be vertical in nature. In a recent study, Bellou and Bhatt (2013) used data from the 1991-2009 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and found that VILs adoption reduced alcohol consumption and cigarette use among 16-yearold high school students. This study uses new data, novel difference-in-differences approaches, and additional policy variation that were not available to previous scholars to re-examine this question. In contrast to prior research, our findings show little evidence that VILs are effective at curbing teen drinking or smoking. Specifically, we find that the negative drinking and smoking effects of VILs disappear: (1) when the national YRBS data is extended through 2019, (2) when one uses the state YRBS or augmented state and national YRBS data from 1991-2009 or 1991-2009, and (3) use an alternate difference-in-differences estimator that accounts for heterogeneous and dynamic treatment effects. These results are consistent with (1) empirical evidence that few 16-year-olds directly purchased alcohol or cigarettes from a vendor but instead relied on social sources for these products and (2) the hypothesis that the supply of false IDs is relatively inelastic. The cost of implementing VILs was not trivial. For instance, a 2002 analysis by the Michigan state legislature estimated that the implementation costs of Michigan's 2003 VIL would cost the state a one-time expenditure of about $1 million for the "program conversion costs for the contractor producing Michigan's driver's license and ID cards." Given that policymakers sought the adoption of VILs to reduce the supply of false IDs and public health costs of underage purchases of cigarettes and alcohol, our updated estimates suggest that this policy strategy was largely ineffective.


The goal of this study was to evaluate some of the bacterial microorganisms that contribute to the summer mass mortality syndrome in Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) kept in captivity in the Kafr El-Sheikh governorate. The fish samples were from five private fish farms with high mortality. Hundred diseased Nile tilapia fish (weighing 100–150 g) were collected from these farms (20 samples from each farm). The fish were examined at the farm to detect the clinical signs. The collected samples were sent to the lab for postmortem examination, bacteriological examination, and an antibiogram (sensitivity test) of isolated bacteria. The examined fish farms suffered from mass mortalities; the affected fish displayed respiratory symptoms, dark coloration of the skin, hemorrhagic skin lesions, ulceration, exophthalmia, and ascetics. PM examination showed congestion with enlargement and adhesion of the internal organs (liver, spleen) with abdominal fluid. The isolated bacteria were Aeromonas spp. (28%), Pseudomonas spp. (16%), and Edwardsiella tarda (5%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify primers targeting gyrB as well as the detection of some virulence genes of Aeromonas hydrophila using one set of primers targeting the detection of the virulent genes AST gene (331bp), Lip gene (382 bp) and Alt gene (442bp). All nine PCR examined isolates were positive for the gyrB-conserved gene, and five examined samples were positive for three genes except sample number 2, which was negative for the Lip gene and the Alt gene. The result of the sensitivity test revealed that isolated bacteria were resistant to Erythromycin, Sulfamethazole Trimethoprim, and Lincomycin, while they were sensitive to Doxycycline and Enrofloxacin. Treatment of farm number 3 with doxycycline for 10 days and farm number 4 with Florfenicol for 10 days resulted in a significant decrease in mortality rates and an improvement in the health status of the fish.


The GIS spatial model for delineation of preferable ore-forming area is established on the "5P" theory put forward by Professor Zhao Pengda. With the help of powerful spatial analysis of MAPG1S, the author finishes the predicting location of gold deposits in the west Qin Ling, and delineates the probable ore-forming area, permissive ore-forming area, preferable ore-forming area.


Analysing strength of lexical co-occurrence using Mutual Information (MI) and Pearson's chi-square test is standard in corpus linguistics; typically, such analyses are conducted using a statistical baseline of all tokens in the data set (cf. Manning & Schuetze 1999). That is, the probability of a given type or lemma is measured as the number of occurrences of that type or lemma against the total number of tokens in the data. This baseline, however, is not ideal as a measure of linguistic probability: the denominator representing all tokens is artificially high because each token does not represent an opportunity for the given lemma to occur (cf. Wallis 2012). This high denominator in turn results in an artificially low probability and suggests an artificially high degree of confidence in the measurement. This paper reports an experiment in employing a grammatical part of speech (POS) baseline for calculating statistical probability of co-occurrence, asking: In what ways does a POS-baseline differ from a traditional baseline of all tokens, when calculating chi-square and MI? The experiment is conducted in the context of a major research project studying meaning through lexical co-occurrence in Early Modern English texts, and the data is drawn from Early English Books Online (Text Creation Partnership edition). I demonstrate that the traditional baseline of all tokens yields higher MI values and more 'significant' results than a POS-baseline. I argue that the traditional baseline of all tokens can be interpreted as yielding artificially high MI values; and as yielding an artificially high number of significant results – but I also illustrate that the improvements of the POS-baseline may be negligible for the typical task of ranking the top ten co-occurrence pairs for a given node word.


With the rapid development of information technology, computer technology and the popularization of network technology, the field of missionary education is rapidly disintegrating. There are a lot of free excellent teaching resources on the qualified network education platform, which is convenient for students to watch and read. Traditional classroom teaching has adapted to the learning habits and needs of young students. Moreover, in Higher Vocational English class, the phenomenon of students playing with mobile phones can not be stopped. A deep reform of English teaching is imperative. In view of this, the author uses Addie teaching design model, according to the current situation of Higher Vocational Students' English learning in Shandong Vocational College of Industry, applies blended learning in College English class in order to stimulate students' interest in learning, solve the difficulties faced by teachers in English teaching, and provide reference for teachers to improve teaching effect.


This paper illustrates the use of active frequency selective surfaces (FSS) in reconfigurable antennas. A patch-form dual-polarized tunable FSS is adapted for use as an active artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). As with the tunable FSS, the active AMC offers independent tuning capability of the reflection phases for two polarisations of incident EM waves. By combining the AMC with a wideband coplanar waveguide fed monopole antenna, circularly polarisation (CP) capability is realized at any frequency over the 1.15-1.60 GHz band. Furthermore, the CP state can be switched between left hand CP and right hand CP, by simply interchanging the capacitances of varactors controlling the reflection phases of the two orthogonal polarised waves. The antenna covers the frequency bands of all operational and in-preparation satellite navigation systems, including GPS, GLONASS, Beidou and Galileo. polarization reconfigurable circular polarized (CP) antenna using active artificial ground (AG) structure.


Research on emotional aspects of family-owned organizations has focused primarily on family-member-owners. We adopt a mixed-method approach to characterize the emotional aspects that are typical to...


ABSTRACT This paper reports on an exploratory study designed to determine and enhance the conceptual understanding of a group of pre-service mathematics teachers at one Irish university utilizing an established framework for understanding mathematics. 23 students on a one year Professional Diploma in Mathematics Education participated in the study, which involved the distribution of a pre- and post-test and engagement in a ten week intervention designed to enhance their subject matter knowledge (SMK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The findings highlight that although there was an improvement in overall conceptual understanding across the entire cohort at the end of the intervention, within certain mathematical topics there was a statistically insignificant improvement and many deep-rooted issues remain. In this paper we focus on the pre-service teachers' understanding of elementary algebra, in particular, how to solve a linear equation.


A novel scheme to improve the gain flatness of multibeam antennas by utilizing reconfigurable subarrays is presented. The reconfigurability of radiation pattern is realized by tuning the internal phase distribution within a subarray, thus achieving different coarse tilted scanning angles for specific scanning states. By optimizing the cost function defined with mean-square error, a premium scanning performance with minimum gain ripple can be achieved for various multibeam antennas, especially for large angle scanning arrays. In the illustrated Butler matrix-fed prototype, a markable gain ripple improvement of 2.4 dB and 2.9 dB is achieved for different cases, where an agreement between calculated and simulated results is obtained for proof of concept.


Across the medical education continuum, continuing medical education (CME) is the longest component of a physician's lifelong learning, yet has historically been the least structured. Additionally, there is relatively little focus on CME in published literature, scholarly research, and coverage at medical education conferences as compared to undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate medical education. Faculty who are expert clinicians and/or have experience teaching students or residents have often been tapped to develop CME but often do not have the requisite skills to effectively help practicing clinicians enhance their current knowledge, skills, and attitudes. This special edition of Medical Teacher represents a turning point in many ways. It demonstrates the breadth of topics and areas of interest that fall into what is referred to as continuing (referred to as continuous) professional development (CPD). It is generally accepted that CPD is a more all-encompassing term, and in 2010, the Institute of Medicine (IOM 2010) published five criteria that an effective CPD system should include to prepare healthcare professionals to: provide patient-centered care, work in interprofessional teams, employ evidence-based practice, apply quality improvement, and use health informatics. These criteria certainly go beyond the simple provision of updated medical information and knowledge, which is what the prevailing definition of CME has been. The papers in this issue cover all five of these areas. Filipe and colleagues provide an historical overview of CME and posits what CME can and should do and be (Filipe et al. 2018). Van Hoof and Doyle (2018) focus on the use of learning science for the improvement of CME and CPD. The paper by Moore and colleagues also addresses issues from learning science and recommend a framework that is intended to help CPD educators design educational interventions that are intended to achieve higher-level outcomes up to, and including changes in patient health and population health status (Moore et al. 2018). Chappell and colleagues share the results of interactive faculty development workshops to improve interprofessional continuing education (IPCE). This unique role-playing model was empirically tested and demonstrates a successful strategy to improve knowledge and skills in IPCE (Chappell et al. 2018). Price and colleagues' paper on longitudinal assessments in continuing specialty certification presents the link between specialty training as relates to ongoing lifelong learning (Price et al. 2018). Davis and McMahon (2018) offer suggestions on translating evidence into practice as it relates to CPD. This article can serve as a roadmap for educational providers to improve the quality of the education that they design and develop. L egar e and colleagues took an interesting look at the importance of considering sex and gender in CPD, a topic that gives faculty an opportunity to consider inherent biases when teaching (L egar e et al. 2018). Lastly, Sehlbach and colleagues share their data regarding physicians' perceptions of national physician validation systems (Sehlbach et al. 2018). The papers in this issue are meant to stimulate discussion, promote educational research, and encourage faculty development in the wonderful world of CPD.


In a method and apparatus for acquiring cardiac image data of a subject of examination, in particular in the context of magnetic resonance tomography, a first image acquiring technique is implemented, in which image data acquiring takes place only in a part of the cardiac cycle, and/or not in each cardiac cycle, and a second image acquiring technique is alternatingly implemented, such that the image data acquiring using the second image acquiring technique takes place at times in which image data acquiring using the first image acquiring technique is not occurring.


The impact of fertiliser amendment was studied on biomass production of grass Bothriochloa pertusa sown on a coal mine spoil. Two different doses of NPK fertiliser amendments were used along with control. The response to fertilisation was comparatively greater for shoot biomass than root biomass. The shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass was significantly greater in fertilised plots compared to control plots. The root/shoot ratio was significantly greater in control than fertiliser amended plots.


Medicinal plants are a boon for disease. Nature has provided a rich botanical wealth with diverse plantation in different parts of India. Medicinal plants are useful for human ailments because of the presence of bioactive constituents or phytochemicals which are secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponin, glycosides, lactones, steroids etc. Due to the rapid extension of side effects of allopathic medicines, Herbal medicines are becoming popular day by day as Herbal drugs are safe, cheaper and easily available with therapeutic properties. In Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh, lots of common medicinal plants are available that are used by Nimari people and tribes as remedy to cure diseases. Nimar is the south western region of Madhya Pradesh state in west central India. The present paper provides information on 52 medicinal plants of Nimar area.


Algorithms of a non-numerical and non-heuristic nature are developed and implemented in this work for the analysis of motion planning. In particular, the most complete analysis of the motion planning problem is performed for a 2-link planar mechanism and the problem is formulated in purely geometric terms. We describe an algorithm which determines the shortest path between any two points in the joint space. Moreover, the algorithm can be used to choose a path such that the variation of the joint angles along the path guarantees the fastest transference of an arm end-effector between two generic points, i.e., from A to B, in the workspace. Finally, the problem of planning the shortest path for a 2-link arm is considered in an environment containing obstacles in the form of points which the manipulator cannot cross.


This research is to find out the optimization of management information systems. And also to know how the process of data collection. This research method uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted at the Jabalnur Paloh Lada Private Madrasah Aliyah, Dewantara District, North Aceh Regency. This article uses by collecting data related to data collection in madrasas. The sources of informants in this study were the school principal and teaching staff at the madrasah. The results of this study indicate that a management information system or SIM can make it easier for teacher staff, students or student guardians to find out the information in the madrasah.


OBJECTIVE: To review the recent advances in knowledge about human transporters and their effect on drug disposition. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1996–March 2005) was performed to identify pertinent literature on human transporters and their impact on drug disposition. Additional articles were identified from a manual search of the references of retrieved articles. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Based on the identified studies, data were extracted on the impact of transporters on drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. DATA SYNTHESIS: The pharmacokinetic disposition of drugs is known to be influenced by metabolic enzymes, kidney function, and transporters. Recent research on human transporters has greatly advanced our understanding of their diversity and importance in drug disposition. In particular, members of the multidrug resistance family of transporters (MDR, MRP) are present in organs and tissues throughout the body and are known to significantly affect the absorption, distribution, and elimination of commonly prescribed drugs. A growing number of studies now demonstrate that alterations in transporter function as a result of drug interactions or genetic polymorphisms may explain a significant portion of the variability in treatment response for certain drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Human transporters contribute significantly to the pharmacokinetic disposition of drugs. Knowledge of substrates, inducers, and inhibitors of these transporters is necessary to ensure optimal patient outcomes.


The author describes in outline the law that has governed the distribution of rights to consume water in Western Canada from the time of agricultural settlement to the present day and examines its major defects. He concludes that the law provided a good method of initially allocating water rights but that it is too rigid, except to some extent in British Columbia, to accommodate new uses of water in basins that are fully allocated and that it discourages the conservation of water supplies. Saskatchewan's response to these defects in the form of the Saskatchewan Water Corporation Act is considered and criticized. The author then suggests a solution to the problems of the existing legislation which would allow the transfer of water rights subject to a number of safeguards.


Several branches science have been concerned with aging aspects, in search for, through this knowledge improving the elderly's quality of life. Since the practice of physical activities in the liquid environment is so usual among the elderly as long as it is thought of to check their level of fine-tuned motor coordination and of proprioception. The sample consisted of 112 women, averaging out 68,71,  5,24, years old, who were found to have been practicing hydrogymnastics for at least two months. The fine-tuned motor coordination was tested by applying the Andreotti & Okuma (1999) protocol whereas for the proprioception , a Kinesiometer was used, following the Paixao (1981) protocol. For the data analysis, both the Pearson correlation and descriptive percentil analysis were applied. The sample was split into two groups: group 1 (G1), ranging form 59 throug years old, and group 2 (G2), from to through 84 years old. The average time spent on performing the test of fine-tuned motor coordenation was 8 seconds, within the G1, and 9.09 seconds, within the G2. As regards the proprioception test, the G1 recorded 11.30, whereas the G2 dis 12.95. There was no statistically significant correlation , at a 5 % significant level, as between the variables checked. The results showed that the eldest's performance was lower for both tests, which is perfectly line with studies referring to the aging-related increase of motor and sensitive damages.


PURPOSE: A communication control method, a communication system, and a communication apparatus are provided to control communication in a network composed to exchange data mutually between a plurality of communication apparatuses, so as to avoid problems that occur when requests from a plurality of apparatuses to a specific apparatus are presented simultaneously in a network such as IEEE1394(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1394) system. CONSTITUTION: A first command is sent from a first communication apparatus to a second communication apparatus in the network. By instructing the second communication apparatus to notify to the first communication apparatus that there is a specified state change to be executed by the second communication apparatus, when the specified state change is generated in the second communication apparatus, the state change is set to be notified to the first communication apparatus. And when the state change is notified from the second communication apparatus to the first communication apparatus according to the setting, broadcast communication notifies to each communication apparatus in the network that the second communication apparatus is ready to accept the first command newly.


Objective To evaluate the effect of heparanase antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(AS-OND) on the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901 .Metheds The ODNs were embedded in cationic liposome lipofectin and transfected into SGC7901 cells. The total RNAs were extracted from the cells 48 hours after transfection and the semi-quantitative RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the heparanase gene. The change of bFGF was observed by using immunocytochemistry. Results The heparanase gene expression and the expression of bFGF of SGC7901 cells treated with AS-ODN of different final concentrations were significantly decreased compared with that of the controls ( P 0 01) . The expression rates were 72.23% , 57.15%, 51.11%, 42.36% and 40.25% before and after treated with AS-ODN of the final concentrations of 0.1 μmol/L,0.2 /μmol/L,0.4μmol/L and 0.8μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion Heparanase AS-ODN complementary to the start codon region of heparanase mRNA has a significant effect on the expression of bFGF in human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901 in a dose-depended manner.


Chapter 2 focuses on Augustine's use of the media of literary and rhetorical theory—namely the book and the speech—to conceive of creation, history, and all divine activity therein. It also demonstrates that Augustine conceives of pieces of creation as functioning in the same manners as words in a book and a speech, that Augustine thinks of God as acting in history according to the rhetorical concept of eloquence, and that he conceives of God as arranging temporal things into the whole of history in the same way that an orator arranges syllables into a single speech.


Local positive feedback in a delay element enables a ring oscillator with only two stages to oscillate and produce quadrature clocks. Routh-Hurwitz's criterion is applied to prove that such a structure can oscillate. An internally generated power supply from a constant-gm bias keeps the free running frequency to within plusmn 5% from -40 to 125degC over process variations. The 1.25 GHz oscillator in 0.13 mum CMOS draws 3.4 mA and has a phase noise of -88 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset.


Exploring novel sensing materials to rapidly identify CH4 at low temperatures is crucial for various practical applications. Herein, a novel ZnO-xBa/Pd with Ba of cocatalyst loading from 0 to 2.0 wt% was facilely prepared using a two-step impregnation method to improve the sensitivity of the CH4 gas sensor. The microstructure, chemical states of the elements, and surface properties of ZnO-Ba/Pd were characterized, and the gas-sensitive performance of ZnO-Ba/Pd sensors was investigated. Compared to methane sensors based on other inorganic and organic material sensors, the sensor based on ZnO-1.0Ba/Pd exhibited a faster response/recovery time (1.4 s/8.3 s) and higher response (368.2%) for 5000 ppm CH4 at a lower temperature (170 °C). Moreover, the ZnO-1.0Ba/Pd sensor exhibited full reversibility and long-term stability, as well as excellent selectivity at 170 °C. The excellent performance of the ZnO-Ba/Pd sensor was attributed to the electron donation by Ba, which increases the electron density around Pd, thus enhancing the catalytic activity of Pd and promoting oxygen adsorption on the ZnO surface. The present work provides a method for the rational design and synthesis of sensitive materials in practical CH4 detection.


Polynomial regression models are useful in situations in which the relationship between a response variable and predictor variables is curvilinear. Polynomial regression fits the nonlinear relationship into a least squares linear regression model by decomposing the predictor variables into a kth order polynomial. The polynomial order determines the number of inflexions on the curvilinear fitted line. A second order polynomial forms a quadratic expression (parabolic curve) with either a single maximum or minimum, a third order polynomial forms a cubic expression with both a relative maximum and a minimum. This study used paddy data in the area of Perlis to model paddy production based on paddy cultivation characteristics and environmental characteristics. The results indicated that a quadratic regression model best fits the data and paddy production is affected by urea fertilizer application and the interaction between amount of average rainfall and percentage of area defected by pest and disease. Urea fer...


PROFESSIONAL COHESION The Council of the Association, whose proceedings are published in this week's Supplement, spent much of its one day's meeting on November 7 in discussing the profession's claim for increased remuneration. Various speakers feared that members generally might believe the Council was being inactive: members were saying that " the Government would get away with it" and would succeed in dividing the profession. There was a call for " leadership," for the holding of special meetings in the Divisions. The debate showed that members of Council, and the Council as a whole, were anxious about the present delay and determined that our negotiators should be in no doubt of the Association's support in obtaining a speedy resolution of the matter. The long delay has made medical men look beyond the present dispute to the cause of it-namely, the National Health Service. One speaker confirmed the view previously expressed in the Journal that criticism had extended to the Service itself and was widespread. One remarkable example of this was the recent meeting of general practitioners called by the Edinburgh Local Medical Committee1: "Those present were firmly of the opinion that the present structure of the National Health Service was fair neither to the patient nor to the doctor." It is evident that the dissatisfaction of recent correspondents is not just the grousing of a handful of malcontents. The pettifogging arguments about whether a food is a drug, the form-filling, the regulations, earnest discussions on whether a week's leave not taken one year can be carried on to the next, the ever-increasing intrusion of the administrator both centrally and locally -all this and much more is turning medicine into an administrator's maze where the unfortunate doctor soon loses his sense of direction and will end up by losing his sense of profession. Small wonder, then, that increasing numbers of medical men and women feel frustrated and discontented, and look hopefully at the medical services in Australia and New Zealand to see if some of the lessons learned there could be applied here at home. No one suggests that perfection has been reached in these great Dominions. But the medical profession there, not to mention Canada, seems by and large to be contented, and the public to be satisfied with the medical care it receives. The existing widespread dissatisfaction in Britain with so many aspects of the N.H.S. is something more than an expression of the prevailing discontents in the professional classes. There is a feeling that the obstacles in the way of practising "good medicine"


Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment value of using ultrasound in uterine corneal pregnancy.Methods The location of gestational sacs were observec by abdominal ultrasound and perineum ultrasound.The relationship between gestational sacs and decidualization,the relationship between gestational sacs and uterine muscularis were determined.After diagnosing,artificial abortion was performed under abdominal ultrasonography,and the puncture of gestational sacs in corneal uterus was performed under perineum ultrasound.MTX was injection.Results In the 28 patients,27 patients with clinically diagnosed uterine corneal pregnancy,19 patients carried on the induced abortion technique under the abdomen supersonic guidance,8 patients were provened by pathology.Conclusion Ultrasound has the important practical value for diagnosis and the treatment in the uterine corneal pregnancy.


This article presents a theory of managerial intelligence, as well as data to support the theory. First, the article opens with a general discussion of managerial intelligence. Second, it describes two alternative models, a traditional and a nontraditional one, of intelligence as applied to managers. Third, it discusses why construct validation, rather than just predictive validation, is important for selecting a theory and corresponding measure of managerial intelligence. Fourth, the article discusses the relevance of a three-part, "triarchic" theory of human intelligence as applied to managerial performance. Finally, the article draws some general conclusions about what makes a person managerially intelligent.


The bronze statuette reproduced for the first time on Pl I. and Fig. 1 has for many years past formed part of the national collections. The earliest date to which it has so far been traced is 1885, when it was included in the category of 'unclassified or suspect bronzes.' Beyond 1885 it enjoys at present the happiness of having no history; but as in that year it bore no mark of registration, the inference may be drawn that it entered the Museum with the 'old collections,' perhaps a hundred or a hundred and fifty years ago. It remained in retirement until the early years of the present century, when attention was called to its affinities with the newly discovered art of prehistoric Crete; and the publication, in 1912, of the Tylissos praying figure (Fig. 2) supplied a parallel sufficiently close to establish beyond doubt that the British Museum bronze was a work of the same school and period.


Shashank Sinha, in his research on the practice of witch-hunting in the Adivasi (Indigenous or tribal) community of Chhotanagpur, Bengal, India, infers that witch-hunting as a practice was infused with gender and anti-colonial tensions. Relying on his data and findings about the unexpected surge of witch-hunting among the Indigenous people of Chhotanagpur, this research conducts a discourse analysis of the film text of Anvita Dutt's film Bulbbul (Nightingale) (2020). Bulbbul explores the clash between the conventional gender roles assigned to Indian women and evolving socio-cultural standards around the equality of rights for women in the late 19th century. The film is a feminist stance on the politics of labelling rebellious women as witches and removing them through motivated witch-hunting. Through a close reading of Bulbbul, this article concludes that witch-hunting is a conscious Indigenous resistance and cultural politics in response to colonial civilizing missions in India by the British.


.20). They were given 192 mg of magnesium lactate and 20 mg of vitamin B6 or placebo daily for six weeks. The treatment group had improved HAM-A scores at day 21 (8.4 vs 9.9, P5.004) and at day 42 (6.5 vs 7.8, P5.02) compared with placebo. In the third RCT (N5264), patients had a mean age of 45 years old (81% female; HAM-A scores between 16 and 28) and met criteria for generalized anxiety disorder per DSM III. Participants were given 75 mg of elemental magnesium, 75 mg of Hawthorn extract, and 20 mg of California poppy or placebo daily for 12 weeks. The treatment group had improved HAM-A scores at day 90 compared with placebo (10.6 vs 8.9; P5.005). In the fourth RCT (N580), participants were 68% female (mean age not reported; HADS score between 4 and 12). Participants were given 48 mg of magnesium (unknown form), 100 mL of fermented cow's milk, 222 mg of protein hydrolysate, and blackberry puree (not defined) or placebo daily for four weeks. The treatment group had a 31% improvement in HADS score compared with placebo (P,.05). This review article provided limited statistical analysis and reporting. A 2016 randomized crossover control trial (N5126) compared the effectiveness of magnesium for the treatment of depression with anxiety measured as a secondary outcome compared with no treatment. Patients had a mean age of 52 years old (38% male, 54% white) with 28% under no current treatment for anxiety or depression and 35% on one or more medications. Patients had an average Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) score of 9 (where 5–9 is mild, 10–14 moderate, and 15–21 high anxiety) and a Patient Health Questionnaire scores greater than 15 (scored 0–19, with.15 considered severe). Patients with other psychiatric diseases, gastrointestinal disease, or pregnancy were excluded. Patients were given 2,000 mg of magnesium chloride (248 mg elemental magnesium) a day versus no treatment for six weeks. Patients taking magnesium had a GAD-7 score net improvement of greater than 20% (4.5 point reduction; CI, –6.6 to –2.4). Headaches were less likely to be reported by the treatment group with an adjusted difference of –0.16 (CI, –0.25 to –0.03). No difference was observed in the reporting of diarrhea, constipation, nausea, dizziness, and urinary symptoms between treatment and nontreatment groups. Limitations of the study included no placebo arm, a lack of blinding, unclear clinical significance, and anxiety being a secondary measure in the study.


Over the past decade considerable progress has been made across the globe in economic, technological, and social development with world exports rising, foreign direct investment growing substantially and the daily turnover in foreign exchange markets taking off. The world is also a more prosperous place than ever before, GDP having increased nine-fold in the past 50 years. As the speed, size and integration of the global economy increases, the global community in turn has become smaller and more interconnected. Travel, the Internet and multi media advances make information more accessible to more people, faster than ever before. Global concerns such as human rights, the environment and crime bring together citizens from diverse backgrounds to work together for a common purpose. As a result, civil society has grown and become more globalized in its membership and agenda. On the social development front, every region in the world reduced adult illiteracy rates from 1990 to 1997, with SubSaharan Africa seeing the largest (albeit still modest) reduction of eight percent. The percentage of people living in extreme poverty in the world has been gradually declining from 29% in 1990 to 23% in 1999. Similarly, on average, all developing countries reduced the percentage of children under five who are underweight (1985-1995); and the number of people not expected to survive to age 15 (1988-1998). There has also been an encouraging increase in the number of countries that have developed anti-poverty action plans at the national level.


The research problem formulation is (1) Any archaeological remains found at Fort Lipu. (2) How is the pattern of distribution of archaeological remains found on the site of Fort Lipu. (3) What are the functions of thefort. The objectives of the study are (1) Identifying and describing the archaeological remains at the site ofBenteng Lipu (2) Explaining the pattern of distribution of archaeological remains at the site of Benteng Lipu (3) Knowing the function of the site of Fort Lipu. This research uses space archeology. The object of this research is Benteng Lipu. The results of the archaeological remains in the Lipu Fortress site are mosques, cannons, Kulisusu,Baruga, Raha Bulelenga, Waode Bilahi tomb, Ima Ea's tomb, Gaumalanga's tomb, Sangia LaIhoria tomb, and the tomb of La Ode-Ode and King Jin. The pattern of the distribution of archaeological remains in Lipu Fortress isgrouped and random in pattern, Lipu Fortress has the function of the barata period as the center of the barata government, the development of Islam, the defense and security system. The function of the castle today is as asettlement and tourist destination.


An approach to developing active control strategies for separated ows is presented. The methodology proposed is applied to the incompressible unsteady wake ow behind a circular cylinder at Re = 100. Control action is achieved via cylinder rotation. Low order models which are amenable to control and which incorporate the full non-linear dynamics are developed using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique. These models are generated from data provided by numerical simulation. The model predictions are found to be capable of describing control-induced departures from stationary conditions, making it feasible to envisage employing them for model-based control of the vortex-shedding ow. The use of these models and the resulting optimal control results are discussed.


Laser printer has been became one of essential machine for office automation due to its' moderate maintenance cost and fast printing speed. Photosensitive drum, also known as ope drum, is a very critical mechanical component of the laser printer. Quality of printed matter is influenced by few factors such as coating condition of organic photoconductive material, size of toner particle and structural strength of ope drum itself. In this paper, FEM analysis has been performed to consider strength of the drum and to decide proper geometric appearance of the drum.


In fictional, narrated worlds (literature, movies, graphic novels etc.) so-called projected spaces can play an important role. They have different qualities than settings, since they are created and called up via the imagination of the protagonists: Heros and heroines in novels are dreaming of, longing for or remembering places, both existing and imaginary ones. Projected spaces are introduced here as part of a genuine geography of fiction and hence subject to the currently dynamically developing field of mapping literature (also summarised under the term of "literary cartography"). The paper delivers first examples and some basic theoretical thoughts, before it moves on to the presentation of a set of newly designed map symbols for this specific spatial category. What can cartography add to a deeper understanding of projected spaces? The paper concludes with an outlook to a future research agenda.


In speckle photography the pupil aperture is usually not modified between exposures. In our work, the change of the pupil aperture scale between exposures is analyzed on the basis of double-exposed image speckle, before and after a diffuse in-plane displacement is done. The apertures have the same shape but its scale is modified between exposures. Note that the relative position of the aperture is maintained. In particular, we analyze a simple case that uses a circular aperture whose diameter is modified for recording each image. The intensity in the image plane and the fringe visibility are evaluated, in terms of the geometric characteristics of the pupils.


Despite the unprecedented rate of species redistribution during the Anthropocene, there are few monitoring programmes at the appropriate spatial and temporal scale to detect distributional change of marine species and to infer climate‐ versus human‐mediated drivers of change. Here, we present an approach that combines citizen science with expert knowledge to classify out‐of‐range occurrences for marine fishes as potential range extensions or human‐mediated dispersal events.


ABSTRACT The salmonellae are a diverse group of bacteria within the family Enterobacteriaceae that includes two species, Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. In order to characterize the phylogenetic relationships of the species and subspecies of Salmonella, we analyzed four housekeeping genes, gapA, phoP, mdh and recA, comprising 3,459 bp of nucleotide sequence data for each isolate sequenced. Sixty-one isolates representing the most common serotypes of the seven subspecies of Salmonella enterica and six isolates of Salmonella bongori were included in this study. We present a robust phylogeny of the Salmonella species and subspecies that clearly defines the lineages comprising diphasic and monophasic subspecies. Evidence of intersubspecies lateral gene transfer of the housekeeping gene recA, which has not previously been reported, was obtained.


Manikay (song) performed by Yolŋu people in Australia's remote Arnhem Land abounds with intricate perspectives on death. Passed down the generations for centuries, ideas of death are interwoven in complex song narratives and images. Performances of manikay shape life through particular foci of ontological thought and religious beliefs, becoming tangible and relevant in performances concerned with birth, initiation, celebration and education.


Objective To study the influence of different operational methods of cesarean section on maternity,to underlie the basis of selecting methods of cesarean section. Methods 240 pregnant women with operating indications were divided into three groups: Group I(80 cases): hypogastrium horizontal incision Waters top entering type extraperitoneal cesarean section.Group II(80 cases): hypogastrium horizontal incision two-finger sideway separation extraperitoneal cesarean section.Group III(80 cases): hypogastrium vertical incision lower uterine segmental cesarean section. Results A comparative study of the above three groups revealed findings as follows:Time of fetus delivery and postoperative anus exsufflation have significant difference in statistics,but there was no significant difference in clinical.Operational time(33±10min,35±11 min,32±9 min),Bleeding volume of operation(230±70ml,245±50,225±55),and postoperative morbidity,had no significant difference in clinical(P0.05). Conclusions Three types of cesarean sections have no significant difference in clinical influence on maternity.Selecting methods of cesarean section is based on maternal clinical condition.


We compare the concept of Economic Value Added (EVA) with the traditional Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) method of investment appraisal. We find that DCF suffers from dynamic inconsistency and may approve suboptimal investment decisions. In contrast, EVA does not suffer from these shortcomings and is naturally suited to conduct an assessment in line with basic principles of dynamic decision-making. We discuss practical implications of our findings in the context of regulated industries.


It is difficult to count the bar sections moving at high speed on production line.To solve the problem,the line scanning camera is utilized to acquire the images of moving bars so as to recognize the centroid coordinates of the bars' ends and compute their area with a Blob algorithm,and a heuristic tracking algorithm is developed to track the moving bars' ends in relation to the interframe data.A hardware/software system is therefore developed for real-time recognition and tracking of the bars moving at high speed.First,hardware platform is set up and the system's parameters are determined.Second,the software system is developed on the basis of Visual Studio 2005.The experimental results showed that the system can well count bars moving at high speed on production line,with a counting accuracy near to 100% and a recognizing time in millisecond.


A cycling-like attack on rivest,shamir and adleman(RSA)is presented.Let(e,N)be a RSA public key with corresponding private key d.If there exists a proper integer k such that both ek and dk mod (N)are relatively small,then based on some known low private exponent attacks,the problem of factoring RSA modulus N can be changed into the problem of finding small roots of RSA key equations,which can be solved in polynomial time.Experiments show that our method can find some new weak keys of RSA.


Lift and pitching-moment characteristics of an NACA 0006 airfoil are presented for various deflections of a 0.15-chord leading-edge flap and a 0.30-chord plain trailing-edge flap. Pressure-distribution data are presented in tabular form. The data were obtained at a Mach number of 0.15 and a Reynolds number of 4,500,000.


A field work proposal for teaching biodiversity using ants as a model. The field works is still a hard way for the teacher; however, they represent a major step for the study of biodiversity. Our country is considered mega-diverse but teaching this subject is complex. The objective of this study was to outline a protocol for field works so that the teachers can implement it during their lectures about biodiversity. The ants were chosen as study model since they are rich and abundant in most tropical ecosystems. Sardine baits were used in edible oil to collect these insects; and in order to obtain enough volume of biological material to base the discussions concerning the proposed issue three collection expeditions will be required, using 15 baits each.


The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for topical application in the form of a bar on a stick, which includes hyaluronic acid and/or one of the acceptable pharmaceutical derivatives thereof, and a zinc compound as active ingredients. The composition in the form of a bar on a stick is particularly suitable for application and treatment of mouth ulcers in children. A method for preparing the composition consists of preparing the bar from a solution of all the components at a temperature of between 70 °C and 90 °C and that is vacuum-dried and cooled to be molded at a temperature between 55 °C and 65°C, and inserting a stick at said temperature.


Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is defined as illness caused by novel coronavirus now called SARSCoV2. Foreign bodies in aero-digestive tract are life threatening and are of frequent occurrence during COVID-19 Lock down. Otolaryngologists are exposed to high risk aerosol generating emergency procedures like tracheostomies and in rigid endoscopy procedures in retrieval of foreign bodies. The decision of waiting for COVID-19 RT-PCR report before the emergency procedure is still a debate. We followed strict safety protocols like personal protective equipment, face shield, goggles and N-95 masks during the procedures performed in operation theatre. This case study observes surpassed foreign bodies in ear, nose, throat and some of the challenges of otolaryngologist during the triage of procedures performed for retrieval with safety precautions during this COVID-19 pandemic lock down.


Mizel and Bates ([1][1]), in their review on flagellin as an adjuvant, state that "a number of flagellin-based vaccines for infectious diseases have already entered clinical trials." I would like to add a cautionary note concerning the evaluation of the efficacy of these trials. Some people are


The reform and experiment on the traditional graduation practice mode was discussed.It changes the practice mode of uniform organization and practice to encourage the students to work in the company which they will work for after graduation,and the examination system is established to ensure the effect and quality of the graduation practice.The graduation practice mode and method were explored in this paper.


This article describes how major transformations in organizational conditions-particularly the emerging dominance of transnational relationships and decline in the centrality of the nation-state-have made traditional concepts and applications of validity insufficient for addressing important social issues. Problems have arisen not just with the choice of means to ends, but also with the choice of the ends themselves. The author argues that applied social scientists should play a greater role in shaping the future by serving not merely as technical problem solvers, but also as developers of theoretical alternatives for the future. Applied social science methodology must also change to accommodate the criteria the author considers relevant to assessing the validity of proposed alternatives: objective possibility and moral consequences.


The paper briefly introduced the characteristic of advanced manufacturing technology,and narrated the characteristic of product development process in new century from the modern manufacturing industry market,the manufacturing industry enterprise as well as the change of equipment manufacturing industry.Meanwhile,it detailedly discussed the system structure of advanced manufacturing technology and its influence to the development trend.Based on the analysis to domestic and foreign relevant study,the paper narrated the info integration of advanced manufacturing technology about its content,approach,network platform in enterprise and current research status,put forward the existed problems.


This paper presents the determination of Eringen's small length scale coefficient e0 for buckling of nonlocal Timoshenko beam from a microstructured beam model. The microstructured beam model is composed of discrete rigid elements (of equal length), which are connected by rotational and shear springs that model the bending and shearing behaviors in a beam. The exact solution of e0 is given for nonlocal Timoshenko beam with small length scale term appearing in the normal stress-strain relation only. It is shown that e0 approaches 1/12≈0.289 which coincides with the one calibrated for nonlocal Euler beams.


An innovative compact microstrip line left-handed (LH) L-band notch bandstop filter is presented, validated by full-wave simulations and demonstrated by experiments, showing that the size of the filter can be significantly reduced by employing the LH transmission line (TL) metamaterials. The proposed notch bandstop filter was constructed using coupled line coupler loaded with 90deg LH TL. The size of the fabricated LH filter is 4.4 times smaller than that of the filter loaded with -270deg conventional TL and nearly two times smaller than that of the filter loaded with -270deg meandered TL. The filter has a centre frequency of 1.164 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 0.51%. The loaded quality factor of the filter is 197, indicating 64 and 97% increases in comparison with the conventional and meandered TL filters, respectively


With relation to the dynamic equation and potential energy of simple harmonic vibration,this article elabrates the zero point selection.harmonic vibration via examples.


Background: Collagen scaffold is one of the most important parts of bone engineering especially for the alveolar bone regeneration. Jellyfish Aurelia aurita is one of the marine animals with the most potential for the development of collagen scaffold due to its high content of collagen and amino acid. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of jellyfish A. aurita collagen scaffold as a supporter for alveolar bone regeneration. Methods: Collagen was extracted from jellyfish by sonication method while scaffold was prepared by freeze-drying method, and chemical cross-linking with N-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-N'-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Scaffold was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR), Cytotoxicity test with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), and biodegradability test. Results: The scaffold has a porous surface with a slightly rough texture and it has pores with size 159.9mm – 325.6mm. Carbon and oxygen are the highest elements in the scaffold. Based on FTIR results, the collagen scaffold with EDC has a lower infrared absorption rate compared to collagen scaffold without EDC. The result in cytotoxicity test showed that collagen scaffold that had been combined with EDC was not toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and even able to increase the cells growth. The scaffold with EDC has been degraded slower compared to the scaffold without EDC. Conclusion: The collagen scaffold is appropriate with the requirements as the biomaterial in supporting the alveolar bone regeneration, by fulfilling the following criteria, such as biocompatible, biodegradable, ideal porous interconnection, non-toxic, and cell viability support.


Abstract The contact friction characteristic between a tyre and the road is a key factor that dominates the dynamics performance of a vehicle under critical conditions. Vehicle dynamics control systems, such as anti-lock braking systems, traction control systems, and electronic stability control systems (e.g. Elektronisches Stabilitäts Programm (ESP)), need an accurate road friction coefficient to adjust the control mode. No time delay in the estimation of road friction should be allowed, thereby avoiding the disappearance of the optimal control point. A comprehensive method to predict the road friction is suggested on the basis of the sensor fusion method, which is suitable for variations in the vehicle dynamics characteristics and the control modes. The multi-sensor signal fusion method is used to predict the road friction coefficient for a steering manoeuvre without braking; if active braking is involved, simplified models of the braking pressure and tyre force are adopted to predict the road friction coefficient and, when high-intensity braking is being considered, the neural network based on the optimal distribution method of the decay power is applied to predict the road friction coefficient. The method is validated through a ground test under complicated manoeuvre conditions. It was verified that the comprehensive method predicts the road friction coefficient promptly and accurately.


Aim: To explore parental experiences and perceptions of healthcare education during critical childhood illness. Methods: Thirty-one parents whose children participated in an educational project while in paediatric intensive care were given mixed qualitative and quantitative questionnaires regarding their involvement in education. Seven parents subsequently participated in semi-structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. Results: 30/31 parents returned completed questionnaires (response rate 97%). Parents' experiences were overwhelmingly positive. The main factor influencing participation was a sense of altruism. Parents reported unanticipated benefits, including increased understanding of their child's condition. All 30 parents would allow their child to be involved in education in the future. Conclusions: Parents of critically ill children have an overwhelmingly positive attitude towards healthcare education, and all parents in this mixed-methods study would allow their children to participate in education in the future. Parents did not feel that their children's critical condition affected their decision to participate, with the main driving factors being altruism and wanting to repay the staff for their care, as well as a recognition of the importance of healthcare education. Further research should focus on parental understanding of postgraduate education, and responses from parents who refuse consent for educational activities.


The public health risk of Type I natural rubber latex allergy, caused by residual proteins in Hevea brasiliensis rubber latex (HNRL) products, has led to some medical examination and surgeon's gloves and other health-related products being made from synthetic polymers. However, they are generally not preferred by healthcare providers due to their physical limitations. Guayule latex (GNRL), from an alternate rubber crop Parthenium argentatum, has been proven to contain none of the protein antigens present in H. brasiliensis natural rubber latex and its products. Guayule latex has also exhibited excellent film properties. Another alternate rubber crop, Taraxacum kok-saghyz, is now under commercial development, and internet reports assume that, like guayule, its latex derived rubber is free of proteins that are cross-reactive with HNRL specific IgE antibodies. Thus, the assumption is that it will not trigger allergic reactions in Type I HNR latex allergic individuals. Using ELISA and immunoblot methods, we have tested the reactivity of HNRL protein specific murine monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, rabbit polyclonal IgG antibodies and human IgE antibodies from clinically HNRL allergic individuals against T. kok-saghyz latex and its purified rubber particles. We demonstrate that T. kok-saghyz latex contains multiple HNRL cross-reactive proteins, which importantly react with HNRL latex specific human IgE antibodies from Type I latex allergic individuals. Exposure of HNRL allergic individuals to T. kok-saghyz latex may thus place them at risk for allergic reactions.


The case of the neonatal distended abdomen is often referred to as "bloat". Despite the common name, there are many different possible underlying etiologies for a distended abdomen in calves. This session discusses differential diagnoses, clinical reasoning, and diagnostic tools for investigation of common causes of bloat in calves.


Background: In recent years there has been increasing interest and growing concern regarding the role of learning environment in undergraduate medical education. Student's feedback can play vital role in this regard. Aim of the study was conducted to access student's perception of different teaching aids in a medical college, with an aim to improve their use in didactic lectures. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the medical undergraduate students currently studying in the second year were included in this study. A self-administered questionnaire served as study tool. The study population consisted of undergraduate medical students (MBBS) who were currently posted in the Department of Forensic Medicine for theory and practical classes. Questionnaire was handed out to 86 students. The inventory consisted of 25 items and each item scored on a five-point likert scale. Results: Out of 86, 80 returned the completely filled questionnaires. 62 (77.5%) out of 80 had their schooling in English medium and the visual aid predominantly used in the schools. Study subjects preferred a combination of audio-visual aids during a didactic lecture. Blackboard teaching was preferred in the following areas: Facilitated interaction between student and teacher, Aroused interest in learning, Helped to hold attention in class, More helpful to grasp the content, Better able to cope with teaching speed of teacher, More useful in small group, Increased ability to think and understand. Conclusions: Student's preferences and feedback need to be taken into consideration when using multimedia modalities to present lectures to students. Feasible student suggestions must be implemented for further improving the use of audio-visual aids during didactic lectures to make teaching learning environment better.


In order to enable students to found a solid foundation of theoretical knowledge the experimental teaching w hich is closely integrated w ith modern engineering technology is attached more importance by teaching w orkers in the course of " signals and systems". Tw o aspects of the experiment are introduced detaily in this paper. On the one hand the teaching demonstration auxiliary softw are w hich is developed by graphical language LabVIEW further enriches the classroom teaching methods; on the other hand the hadware experiments are developed to construct a reasonable and moderate difficulty practical phase which are together with the high- performance digital signal generator and digital oscilloscope. The entire experimental system reflects the unity of the demonstration,validation and integration.


The objective of this study is to examine the experiences of living as a nursing student in Korea in terms of: how their time is spent studying and enjoying college life with relation to their goals. The challenges identified in achieving their goals were also analyzed. This study is underpinned with classical phenomenology. Seven qualitative studies were conducted with nursing students between the ages of 20 and 30. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using audio recordings which were then transcribed verbatim. Phenomenological thematic analysis of data was applied. The findings pivot around three interconnected themes: burden, licensing exams, and finding a stable job. Burden was identified as a temporally existing with getting the license and stable job. Burden consumes a lot of time and effort, which leads participants to burn a lot their energy and mental strength in the process.


Abstract Museums in the past have been static institutions, exhibiting their collections as public displays. Today, the public has come to expect more from these institutions, seeing them as safe havens where conversations can begin. As reproductive rights have moved to the forefront of political and social debate, dialogue seems to be a step in the right direction to understanding opposing views on this issue. This article presents the process of the Matilda Joslyn Cage Center in the creation of the "Who Chooses?" dialogue as a replicable model for discussions on reproductive rights. From the grant funding to the creation of informational brochures for dialogue participants and training of the facilitators, the Cage Center project has faced surprisingly few obstacles as the project has grown organically from the mission and history of the organization. This experience has strengthened the Gage Center's resolve to present dialogue on reproductive rights as a forum for social change.


The invention relates to a cosmetic pack unit in which two containers are arranged within each other and the first container is sealed, is composed of a waterproof material and is capable of stand or can be unfolded to a stand capable shape and has means for opening the sealed container; the second container is made of a deformable, water-permeable material, also closed, and is disposed in the first container and the second container in its interior contains a particulate, cosmetically active substance, and includes a second particulate material which upon contact with water a at least to the has four times increased volume. The application produces a refreshing effect, and the form of application avoids stability problems of certain cosmetic raw materials in a mixture with water.


There are two types of existing direct current (DC) electric spring (DCES), of which the one realised by alternative current electric spring has low power density because of the low-pass filter with big volume, another one is realised by DC/DC converters but too complicated. In this study, aiming at households' applications, a novel topology is proposed for DCES, using a three-port DC/DC converter with a bi-directional boost-buck converter (BBC) paralleled at one port. Critical load (CL), noncritical load (NCL) and power source are located at separate port. Besides the isolation electrically, the most important advantage is that the NCL is no longer in series with DCES, which is possibly the first attempt to change the connection type of a visual NCL with an electric spring (ES) from series to normal parallel way. With the proposed DCES, CL power is regulated stable while the fluctuations are transferred to the NCL. Meanwhile, the DCES does not provide nor absorb active power at steady-state. When the battery voltage reaches its lower or upper limits, the protection mechanism will start to ensure safe operations. The effectiveness of the proposed DCES topology and its control has been validated by simulation and experiment results.


Corruption is a widespread phenomenon, but relatively little is confidently known about its macroeconomic consequences. This paper explicitly models the transmission channels through which corruption indirectly affects growth. Results suggest that corruption hinders growth through its adverse effects on investment in physical capital, human capital, and political instability. Concurrently, corruption is found to foster growth by reducing government consumption and, less robustly, increasing trade openness. Overall, a total negative effect of corruption on growth is estimated from these channels. These effects are found to be robust to modifications in model specification, sample coverage, and estimation techniques as well as tests for model exhaustiveness. Moreover, the results appear supportive of the notion that the negative effect of corruption on growth is diminished in economies with low governance levels or a high degree of regulation. No one-size-fits-all policy response appears supportable.


Reflection factor curves for gaslight photographic papers with matt and glossy surfaces have been obtained for a fixed direction of view of 30°, this direction lying in the plane of incidence. The papers give not only a specular peak, but also a "throwback" peak whose maximum occurs when the directions of incidence and view coincide. The height of the throwback peak is related to the reflection factor of the paper at the angle of the throwback peak by a linear law. By considering in turn the different components of the photographic paper, the throwback peak has been shown to have its origin in the baryta layer. The complete reflection factor surfaces for a fixed direction of view of 30° have been built up for two pieces of matt surface paper from the reflection factor curves in different planes. As various liquid suspensions also give a throwback peak, the peak may have its origin in some kind of scattering effect.


A strong future for public library use and employment, by Jos -Marie Griffiths and Donald W. King. Chicago: American Library Association, 2011, 138 pp. US$70.00 (US$63.50 ALA members) soft cover ISBN 9780838935880 (available from Inbooks).


Silver-coated PAN nanofibers have been prepared by a facile method that combined the electrospinning technique and electroless plating method. Dopamine was used to functionalize the surface of electrospun PAN nanofibers to form the chemisorption sites in order to assist electroless plating of silver. SEM and ATR-FITR results indicated that poly(dopamine) has been successfully deposited on the surface of PAN nanofibers. XRD and SEM results also showed that face-centred cubic (fcc) crystal Ag nanoparticles with uniform size were well coated on the surface of electrospun PAN fibers.


A direct search quasi-Newton algorithm is presented for local minimization of Lipschitz continuous black-box functions. The method estimates the gradient via central differences using a maximal frame around each iterate. When nonsmoothness prevents progress, a global direction search is used to locate a descent direction. Almost sure convergence to Clarke stationary point(s) is shown, where convergence is independent of the accuracy of the gradient estimates. Numerical results show that the method is effective in practice.

 doi:10.1017/S1446181117000323


The internet create an information globalization era by its transcendental charm of information spreading on cross-region, cross-time and vivid. The dependence severity on the internet by all walks of life has reached an unprecedented height. What kind of sparkling will generate by the crash between screen and internet is the subject that should be observe, research and discuss by the contemporary media people. "Internet + screen" combine the traditional screen culture and the internet, and further force the several emerging cultural patterns such as the online booking, internet marketing, and so on. This is the challenge to the traditional media and the development opportunity of the new media at the same time. This report will focus on the discussion of "Internet +" Era by extensive view, which will think about the new social culture phenomenon that is forced by the interaction between the screen culture and internet culture. Culture including spiritual culture and material culture. From the narrow aspect, it refers to the social ideology. Its formation with the unique times characteristics which based on the internet information technology. Screen culture broadly refers to the cultural creation activities via media. Screen culture with the network culture change the behavior pattern and ideology of person. This combination is the major social culture phenomenon, the "Internet +" era arrived in the round. 1. Networked approach of buy ticket The data from IiMedia Research demonstrated that the box office revenue of the Chinese mainland reached 10.31 billion yuan. Below-the-line revenue accounted for only 30.6% of the total box office revenue, the remaining 69.4% is online income. Online ticketing has become the main approach of the cinema ticket booking. The following is the reasons of this phenomenon: 1.1 Younger Audience group The age level of the audience group who like to watching movie at the cinema concentrated in the 15 years old to 35 years old age group, which is account for 75% of the total viewing group. According to the research report of the 39 China Internet development Survey released on January 22th 2017, until to December 2016, the number of China internet users has equivalent to the total population of Europe, which account for 73.7% of the total population and major on the 10 years old to 39 years old age group. The age bracket of this group is the generation after 80s, 90s, and 00s. These three groups are familiar with the use of network, and without any obstacles of the online booking operation. 1.2 Multi-platform Mobile APP The meaning of the Appstore model is that the third-party software providers provide a convenient and efficient sale platform to public. At present, the mainly online booking APP platform has: Taopiaopiao, Maoyan Movie, and so on. Not only about the convenient and fast online booking, these online movie ticket platform can also releasing the latest film dynamic, checking the upcoming film schedule, and selecting the seat. The APP provide the one-stop service, which improve the public rely on the online booking platform. 9th International Economics, Management and Education Technology Conference (IEMETC 2017) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 48


Objectives: With regard to the decreasing number of young mothers who give birth in Poland we decided to analyze retrospectively the relationship between hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration in 347 pregnant women aged 15-25 years treated in the DFMMG PMMHRI in Łodź in the period between 2000 and 2006. The study population was arranged into two groups: the research group of 111 pregnancies in the age between 15 and 18 and the control group of 236 adult women (19-25 yrs old). In the analysis we took into account: obstetric history, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration, prevalence of anemia. Results: In the group of teenagers we observed a decreasing trend in number of deliveries. This trend occurred to be statistically significant. The prevalence of anemia in adolescents during pregnancy was higher than typically reported in adult women. In teenagers 11.97 g/dl, in control group 12.22 g/dl, the statistical difference was found significant (p = 0.033). Conclusions: 1) The prevalence of anemia in multiple regression analyses occurred higher in group of adolescents than in group of adult women before and after delivery. Differences in level of Hg in bought group after delivery was statistically important. 2) Inadequate prenatal care, history of selfreported cigarette use were significantly associated with lower hemoglobin during pregnancy


This thesis deals with aspects of probability and statistics applied to breast cancer research. The rst part of the thesis concerns data from in vitro experiments with breast cancer cells. The e ect on aggregate counts and morphological parameters of the cells by surrounding (simulated) tissue's sti ness is analyzed using methods from linear mixed models theory. The analysis indicates that certain parameters are signi cantly di erent for di erent tissue sti ness. The second part of the thesis deals with stochastic modeling related to initial tumor growth. A mathematical model for tumor growth is studied and certain types of randomness are introduced in it. Using statistical methods we give a general characterization of numerical solutions to the random system. Large deviation techniques are used to obtain results for probabilities related to the random system and sample paths from the random and the deterministic systems are compared.


Abstract A temperature–based zonal model for large enclosures with combined stratification cooling and natural ventilation, proposed in a previous paper by Gao et al, is evaluated using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method in this study. The CFD method adopted in this study using the RNG k–ε model with a differential viscosity is able to represent the non–isotropic thermally stratified flows encountered in the large enclosures. It is used to determine a key parameter, the heat transfer factor between adjacent zones in the zonal model due to temperature difference and turbulent penetration, and also to verify the zonal model for the prediction of thermal stratification in large enclosures. In order to avoid the poor representation of surface heat transfer by empirical/semi–empirical expressions suggested for conventional room enclosures, this study feeds a CFD–based coefficient to the zonal model. This treatment also gains an advantage over the experimental method, which is proved to fail in keeping the similarities of thermal buoyancy and surface convection based on the scale modeling. Furthermore, it responds to the influence of detailed information of local flows on the coefficient. Finally, comparison between the zonal model and CFD is carried out for the enclosure conditioned with the combined stratification cooling and natural ventilation, or single stratification cooling. It is found that the results calculated by the zonal model agree considerably well with those by the CFD.


Few people know that there are two types of HIV infections, HIV-1 and HIV-2. The predominant version in the United States is HIV-1. Only 77 cases of HIV-2 have been identified in this country. HIV-2 is more predominant in West Africa, and patients infected with HIV-2 seem to progress to AIDS more slowly and suffer a milder impact on their immune system. They also seem to be less infectious in the earlier stages of the disease. The CDC does not promote routine HIV-2 testing, except for when those being tested are at high risk for infection. Blood donations have been routinely tested for both HIV strains since 1992.


This paper introduces the application examples of the Two Guidebooks of Integrated Safety Production in electrical measurement and instrumentation team and advances how to build the mechanism of safety production coupling management based on the core profession skills of production team through the application of the two Guidebooks, to promote the cultural construction of safety production.


A compact transverse-electric (TE)-pass polarizer for slot waveguides based on an asymmetrical directional coupler is proposed, where a slot waveguide and a linearly tapered waveguide (TW) cascading a hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW) are utilized. By properly choosing the structural parameters, the TW is cutoff for TE mode and the phase-matching condition is only satisfied for transverse-magnetic (TM) mode. As a result, the injected TM-mode can be evanescently coupled to the adjacent TW and then attenuated via the HPW while the input TE-mode will directly output, realizing an efficient TE-pass polarizer. With the help of the tapered structures, extinction ratio (ER) is enhanced and fabrication requirements are relaxed. Results show that the proposed polarizer has an ER of 27.1 dB at  $1.55~\mu \text{m}$ , and its bandwidth is ~170 nm for an ER > 20 dB and an IL < 0.6 dB. In addition, fabrication tolerances to the key dimensions are analyzed and field evolution is also presented.


Pneumonia constitutes the sixth cause of death and the first cause of infectious deaths in the United States (5). The incidence of pneumonia in community studies ranges from 2.6 to 16.8 per 1,000 adults per year (1, 7, 24, 30, 55). Most information and recommendations for clinical practice are based on studies of hospitalized patients, who represent only 5%-16% of pneumonia cases (24, 39). Only 11 clinical studies of community pneumonia have been performed in ambulatory practice (1, 9, 10, 16, 17, 23, 36, 38, 42, 51, 55). Most of these studies have focused on etiology and provide little information about clinical outcome (9, 16, 42, 51). In addition, interpretation of the results is hampered by the small number of patients (9, 16, 51), by incomplete microbiologic documentation (17, 23, 38, 42), and especially by the absence of clear radiographic criteria (16, 36, 42, 51, 55). Understanding the outcome of community pneumonia is important because it allows physicians to evaluate the risk for potential complications and the natural history of symptom resolution. Few reports have assessed the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia, especially in the ambulatory setting (13, 22, 23). The purpose of this prospective study is to establish the etiology, clinical and radiographic characteristics, and prognosis of community pneumonia in a population of patients seeking care from practitioners on an ambulatory basis. Patients and Methods


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In current enterprise IT solution services, many customers cannot utilize IT systems effectively nor reap any benefit from their services due to problems encountered and failures. To rectify this situation, we analyze these issues using reverse engineering method in this paper. First, we discuss the current situation of this field in Japan. Second, the IT solution service that we have developed is introduced as a case study. In this case study, we discuss the concept of two service "values", i.e., "objective value", which is the customer's end goal to be achieved by the IT systems and services, and "functional value", which is actually provided by those systems and services. Third, a service model is presented, which shows the relations among the agents who provide and receive services in the case study. To model the service, we discuss the important role of "design office" as a facilitator and a producer. Finally, our developed MUSE method is demonstrated as a practical and reasonable way to reveal and clarify a customer's objective value. It has become harder than before for customers to optimize and balance the overall system goals by themselves; collaborative work among service agents becomes a crucial factor to realizing effective services. Significant activities of the design office and effective use of the MUSE method are valuable and indispensable for achieving the customer's end goal.


complexities associated with software system implemented often makes it imperative to maintain the existing software as a system of high functionality and throughput regime even in the face of changed external environment. It is preferable to enhance the functional operation by upgrading the existing software than changing entire systems as is demonstrated by continued usage of proprietary systems in large banking, insurance, logistic, shipping and airline systems etc. This makes preventive maintenance a very critical tool in the hands of organizations who wish to bring software reliability and maintainability in the future operations of the software systems. Preventive maintenance focuses on the re-engineering of the software rather than its operational maintenance. In this paper we attempt to analyze that preventive maintenance as an inevitable option for the maintenance of the software systems. There is also an attempt to integrate the preventive maintenance into the existing software product life cycle with the focus on the pre and the post deployment phase till the retirement of that software.


The majority of landfalling tropical cyclones produce tornadoes. In the United States, as much as 10% of all deaths associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) are the result of tornadoes (Novlan and Gray 1974). To date, forecasting such TC tornado events remains a significant challenge since the typical TC environment is often very different from the typical tornadic environment. A number of observational and numerical studies have documented common environmental and storm-scale characteristics associated with the formation of TC tornadoes (Novlan and Gray 1974; Gentry 1983; McCaul 1991; McCaul and Weisman 1996; Spratt et al. 2000; McCaul et al. 2004; Curtis 2004; Schneider and Sharp 2007). TC tornadoes predominantly form in convective outer rainbands located in the onshore flow of the right-front quadrant, usually within 100 to 400 km of the storm center. Favorable environmental characteristics include: strong low-level shear (> 20 m/s over the lowest 0-3 km), moderate CAPE (> 500 J/kg), strong low-level storm-relative helicity (> 100 m/s), dry air at midlevels adjacent to the rainband, a lowlevel thermal boundary or convergence axis, and small near-surface dewpoint depressions (i.e., a low LCL). Many TC tornadoes are spawned by "minisupercells", which are shallower (echo tops < 8-12 km) and smaller in diameter (< 10 km) than the classic Great Plains supercells. On radar, minisupercells often exhibit weak hook echoes and shallow (< 5 km), small diameter (< 4 km) mesocyclones with storm-relative rotational velocities of 5-20 m/s. The mesocyclones are often short lived (< 20 min) but detectable 10-15 min prior to tornadogenesis. Based on a review of previous studies, the current working model for TC tornadogenesis embodies a two-stage process that begins as convective cells (e.g. within an outer rainband) move onshore.


In this paper we study the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with high-electroactive-surface-area buckypaper (BP) counter electrodes (CEs). BP is made of entangled multi-walled carbon nanotubes and has a high electroactive surface area, which is effectively 11.5 times higher than that of Pt. The high surface area of BP causes a high I3− ?> reduction rate at the CEs and suppresses the charge recombination at the anodes. Accordingly, the open-circuit voltage, the filling factor, and the power conversion efficiency of DSCs with BP CEs are enhanced, and these photovoltaic parameters exhibit a better trend with the increase of solar power compared with conventional DSCs with Pt CEs.


Eleocharis obtusetrigona (Lindl. & Nees) Steud., previously known only from South America, is recorded here for southeastern United States, Mexico and Central America. A description of the species is presented, as well as a key to separate E. obtusetrigona from other robust species of subgenus Limnochloa with which it has been confused.


This article is devoted to the earliest history of gymnasium education in pre-revolutionary Tomsk. The question of the creation material base, necessary to organization of education process (construction of new building of the gymnasium, collecting the library, creation of course books) question of pedagogical staff, social sphere of pupils, material assistance to students in need, real life of those who finished gymnasium and its role in the cultural life of Tomsk are considered in this article.


Securities analysts are the backbone of transmitting capital market information and influencing resource allocation. However, the uncertainty in the development of China's capital market and the lagging of public governance mechanisms have led the company to rely on relational contracts formed by long-term transactions. Due to each transaction of a relational contract has its own particularity, it must be embedded within the network of relationships to obtain information between the parties, in order to evaluate the company's operating activities and value. Therefore, this paper explores the impact of social capital formed by analysts embedded in the company's regional relationship network (herein referred to as "hometown network capital") on the accuracy of analyst forecasts.Specifically, based on the research report released by 6970 analyst teams in China's capital market from 2006 to 2016, this paper finds that: (1) Analysts are more accurate in predicting the profits of the listed companies where their household registration is located, with an average error of 3% lower than that of other analysts; (2) In the area where the social relationship network is more complex and social capital is more important, analysts' hometown network capital has a greater comparative information advantage; (3) Research reports released by analysts with hometown network capital have produced stronger short-term and long-term market reactions. In addition, this paper finds that the information advantage of analysts' hometown network capital is reflected not only in the acquisition of private information, but also in the interpretation of public information. At the same time, analysts are more likely to be invited to participate in the research activities of hometown listed companies.The research contributions of this paper are at least as follows: Firstly, it enriches the relevant research on the social relationship network of securities analysts. Different from the direct social relations between analysts and executives of listed companies, the essence of "hometown network capital" of analysts concerned in this paper is a kind of regional social capital of analysts, whose scope includes direct social relations and indirect social relations, thus expanding the research field of analysts' social relations. Secondly, it supplements the relevant literature about the influence of geographic distance on information transmission mechanism. By comparing the differences between social network distance and geographic distance in information acquisition, this paper provides a new research dimension for understanding the influence of distance on information transmission. Finally, because the transaction behavior and content of the company under the relational transaction mode are dependent on the relationship network of the transaction subject, it is difficult for the analysts as an information intermediary to be independent of the company's relationship network. With the arrival of the sci-tech innovation board and the registration system, the capital market operation system with "information disclosure as the core" needs to be established urgently.


A numerical and experimental study of a circular‐slot antenna, fed by a coplanar waveguide with a rectangular stub, is proposed in this paper for ultra‐wideband communications. The antenna impedance bandwidth, phase linearity, gain and radiation patterns are presented, together with the time‐domain impulse response. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2272–2277, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21900


BACKGROUND Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Some patients have steroid-refractory (SR) GVHD. AIM To evaluate the effect and safety of ruxolitinib add-on in the treatment of patients with SR acute (a) and chronic (c) GVHD. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 38 patients administered ruxolitinib add-on to standard immunosuppressive therapy for SR-aGVHD or SR-cGVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ruxolitinib was administered 5-10 mg/d depending on disease severity, patient status, and the use of anti-fungal drugs. Overall response rate, time to best response, malignancy relapse rate, infection rate, and treatment-related adverse events were assessed. RESULTS The analysis included 10 patients with SR-aGVHD (grade III/IV, n = 9) and 28 patients with SR-cGVHD (moderate/severe, n = 24). For the SR-aGVHD and SR-cGVHD groups, respectively: Median number of previous GVHD therapies was 2 (range: 1-3) and 2 (1-4); median follow-up was 2.5 (1.5-4) and 5 (1.5-10) mo; median time to best response was 1 (0.5-2.5) and 3 (1-9.5) mo; and overall response rate was 100% (complete response: 80%) and 82.1% (complete response: 10.7%) with a response observed in all GVHD-affected organs. The malignancy relapse rates for the SR-aGVHD and SR-cGVHD groups were 10.0% and 10.7%, respectively. Reactivation rates for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and varicella-zoster virus, respectively, were 30.0%, 10.0%, and 0% for the SR-aGVHD group and 0%, 14.3%, and 7.1% for the SR-cGVHD group. CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib add-on was effective and safe as salvage therapy for SR-GVHD.


How is it that the United State Supreme Court – perhaps the least majoritarian of all American political institutions – is capable of getting most citizens to accept rulings with which they disagree? This analysis addresses the role of the symbols of judicial authority and legitimacy – the robe, the gavel, the cathedrallike court building – in contributing to this willingness of ordinary citizens to acquiesce to disagreeable court. Based on an experimental design, our analysis shows that the mere exposure to seemingly innocuous symbols of judicial power increases the likelihood of acquiescence. The effect is not strong, but neither are the symbols we use in the experimental treatment. Additional analysis reveals that the consequences of judicial symbols vary with factors such as the intensity of initial policy attitudes, knowledge of the judiciary, and independent measures of institutional support for the Supreme Court. We understand these various empirical findings with the assistance of three bodies of theory: Legitimacy Theory, Positivity Theory, and the Theory of Motivated Political Reasoning. The Theory of Motivated Political Reasoning explains how non-conscious stimuli such as background symbols can affect the reasoning of ordinary citizens, providing the micro-level underpinning for the asymmetrical effects of exposure to the judiciary that is addressed by Positivity Theory. Because symbols influence citizens, and influence them in ways that reinforce the legitimacy of courts, the connection between institutional attitudes and acquiescence posited by Legitimacy Theory is both supported and explained.


This paper presents new algorithms for solving some geometric problems on a shared memory parallel computer j where concurrent reads are allowed but no two processors can simultaneously attempt to write in the same memory location. The algorithms are quite different from known sequential algorithms, and are based on the use of a new parallel divide-and-conquer technique. One of our results is an O(logn) time, O(n) processor algorithm for the convex hull problem. Another result is an O(Iogn log log n) time, O(n) processor algorithm for the problem of selecting a closest pair of points among n input points.


Software development has been suffering, for many decades, from the lack of simple and powerful methodologies and tools. Despite the tremendous advances in this research field, the crisis has still not overcome and the proposed remedies are far from resolving the problems of software development and maintenance. Lately, a new and very promising methodology, called Lyee, has been proposed. It aims to automatically generate programs from simple user requirements. The purpose of this paper is, in one hand, to give a short and technical introduction to the Lyee methodology. And, in the other hand, to show how some classical static analysis techniques (execution time and memory space optimization, typing, slicing, etc.) can considerably improve many aspects of this new methodology.


The differential distributions in energy and angle of the pi /sup +/ in the reaction pi /sup -/ + p carbon materia pi /sup +/ + pi /sup -/ + n have b een measured with a scintillation counter telescope used for pi /sup +/ detection and a magnetic spectrometer for pi /sup +/ energy determination at pi /sup -/ incident energies of 365 and 432 Mev. At each of the laboratory-system angles 20, 50, 80, and 110 l pi /sup +/ were detected in scintillation counters placed after the spectrometer. This system covered a major portion of the kinematically allowed pi /sup +/ energy spectrum. The values of T and DELTA T DELTA OMEGA for each counter after the spectrometer were determined by suspended-wire measurements. Loss in pi /sup +/ detection efficiency due to the decay of the pi was calculated. The e/sup +/ contamination in the pi /sup +/ telescope was calculated and found to agree with a measurement made at 20 l . The total cross sections at 365 Mev, 2.39 e due to uraniu 0.20 mb, and at 432 Mev, 3.98 e due to uraniu 0.20 mb, are in agreement with other recent measurements. The angularmore » distributions in the center-of-mass system (c.m.) are d sigma /d OMEGA /sup */)/sub 365 Mev/= STA(190 e due to uraniu 16) + (10 e due to uraniu 27) cos theta /sup */! mu b/sr and d sigma /d OMEGA /sup */)/sub 432 Mev/ = STA(317 e due to uraniu 16) + (35 e due to uraniu 26) cos theta /sup */! mu b/sr. At the higher energy the forward peaking of the pi /sup +/ is less pronounced than in a previous measurement of that characteristic. Both total cross section and angular distribution can be explained to present accuracy with two models: a pi - pi interaction model and an isobaric model. The pi /sup +/ c.m. energy distributions were observed to peak at lower energies than predicted by a phase- space distribution, thereby suggesting the presence of isobar formation in the final state. An attempt was made to fit the energyspectrum data to an isobaric model using as many as three parameters. At 375 Mev moderately good fits are obtained, whereas at 432 Mev no reasonable fit to the measured energy spectrum could be found. 38 references. (auth)« less