Results of experimental studies of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the hard X-rays generated by high-current electron beams in X-pinch experiments on the XP (Cornell University) and BIN (LPI RAS) pulsed power generators are presented. Some issues concerning high-current electron beam transport from the X pinch to the diagnostic system and measurements of the beam current by Faraday cups with different geometries are discussed. Generation of electron beams is an unavoidable property of X-pinches and other pulsed-power-driven pinches of different geometry. Results of computer simulation of electron beam propagation from X-pinch to Faraday cup give the limits of measured current for beams having different energy spread. We emphasize the partially neutralized nature of the beam propagating from the X-pinch to a diagnostic system. Different schemes for beam space-charge neutralization are discussed. Longitudinal neutralization is thought to be the most important method because it enables transport of beams with close to the Alfven current. Experimental and computer simulation results on electron beam generation are compared.


A superminiature microphone device includes a hollow body in the form of a decorative clothing accessory, a microphone unit including lead wires within the body, and a plug connected by the lead wires to the microphone unit wherein the plug has at least one pin-shaped terminal. A cord connector including a conical collet chuck is arranged to receive the pin-shaped terminal of the microphone unit plug from behind an article of clothing such as a necktie. A clamp member is arranged around the tip portion of the chuck for clamping the chuck about the plug terminal in response to a spring force. Accordingly, an electric cord can be routed from the connector behind the article of clothing so as to connect the microphone unit with an outside device so that the wearer's appearance is not affected by the presence of the connection cord.


This paper is concerned with the role of social impact assessment (SIA) in the resolution of an environmental conflict involving demands for the conservation of an ecologically significant area, a proposal to exploit mineral wealth, and the concerns of indigenous custodians who feared damage to sacred lands. This is a case in which the knowledge claims of key protagonists were deeply politicized and contested, and in which the process of decision-making was itself the subject of controversy and debate. The paper reviews the case, emphasizing the roles of western and indigenous epistemologies in decision- making. It presents an approach to SIA that addresses these epistemological issues and ensures the articulation of indigenous knowledge to governmental decision-makers.


The exact nature of the relation between space and time is certainly one of the most fundamental issues in physics (Buccheri, Saniga, & Stuckey, 2003), but it is also an intriguing question for experimental psychologists (Casasanto, Fotakopoulou, & Boroditsky, 2010). A function of perception is to form mental representations indicating what object exists, where it is located, and how it acts, i.e., how the object moves in space with the lapse of time. Space and time are integrated in the perceptual system to cause the perception of motion and speed, and such integration is required to determine the performance of the motor system (e.g., hand movement; see Lee, 2000). How space and time exert mutual influence is a question that was addressed many years ago (Abe, 1935; Helson, 1930), notably by J. Piaget, who studied the ontogenesis of the relations between time, distance and speed (Piaget, 1955). Time perception has been often explained with the "internal-clock hypothesis," which is notable in discussing the perceptual relation between space and time. An internal clock is usually assumed to be a pacemaker-counter device, with the first module emitting pulses accumulated by the second one (Grondin, 2001, 2010). The amount of accumulation decides the perceived time duration. The performance level is varied, however, when some variation of nontemporal factors are introduced in experiments. This variability, in a duration discrimination task for instance, can be observed by varying the time intervals' structure (filled or empty; Grondin, 1993), or by varying the sensory modality to be stimulated. Space is a nontemporal factor, which is susceptible to vary the performance level of the internal clock. There are two illusions concerning the perceptual relation between space and time, which have been studied since the early 20th century (see Jones & Huang, 1982; Sarrazin, Giraudo, & Pittenger, 2007; ten Hoopen, Miyauchi, & Nakajima, 2008). The tau effect takes place typically in the successive presentation of three signals, say, X, Y, and Z, with Y somewhere between X and Z (Helson, 1930; Helson & King, 1931; Henry, McAuley, & Zaleha, 2009). They are delivered from different sources spaced at equal intervals, resulting in two equal intervals in space, X-Y and Y-Z. These intervals are perceived as unequal in their distance, however, if the signals are presented at unequal intervals in time; if the time interval defined by X and Y is shorter (longer) than the time interval defined by Y and Z, the spatial distance between X and Y is perceived as shorter (longer) than the spatial distance between Y and Z. In other words, the spatial-interval ratio is perceived as if it were similar to the time-interval ratio. Such interaction between space and time can be caused in the opposite direction with


Phosphorus-based chemical compounds such as trimethylphosphate (TMP) and dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) are widely used as fire suppressants. The detailed chemical kinetic mechanism by Jayaweera et al. [1] is frequently used to describe the flame inhibition process. The elementary reaction steps can be categorised into inhibitor molecule decomposition steps and radical recombination steps. The present work shows that the inhibitor decomposition process can be adequately represented by a single irreversible step for TMP. Subsequently, graph-based mechanism reduction techniques and sensitivity analysis are employed to extract the key catalytic inhibition reactions. The resultant skeletal kinetic mechanism consists of 4 species and 7 reactions. The present work also proposes a global mechanism containing 3 species and 3 reactions. In the global model, flame inhibition is described by a 2-step model. These models are validated in premixed and diffusion flame environments. Excellent agreement with the experimental measurements and detailed model predictions are obtained. Development of the skeletal/global models reduces the computational time by around 82% compared to the detailed model.


Abstract : Supramolecular photochemistry provides experimental tools and mechanistic concepts pertinent to the examination of the fate of Air Force chemicals and how they may be photochemically transformed into environmentally benign substances. This benefication process of converting AF chemicals to environmentally benign materials is termed mineralization. A 'biomemetic' strategy is adopted for which the laboratory model of benefication is based on processes occurring in nature. This biomimetic model provided us with the strategy of employing supramolecular photochemical systems to achieve the mineralization of Air Force chemicals via photosensitized degradation. A host molecule (the Air Force chemical) is brought into sustainable contact with a host system (humic acid, a metal oxide, a porous solid, etc.) which initiates the mineralization process.


Dormitory-based character education is a system of instilling character values to the school communities that encompasses the components of knowledge, awareness or desire, and action to implement those values. This study aims to find out school programs to improve character education at Samarinda State Forestry School, model of character-based education at Samarinda State Forestry School and character education impact for students at Samarinda State Forestry School. To obtain the results of this research, the research was conducted qualitatively with a qualitative descriptive approach. The methods used in this research are observation, documentation, and interview. The results show that there are 4 school programs in the framework of improving character education at Samarinda State Forestry School, namely Sharpening School Management Using Business Approach; Improving Learning Quality; Strengthening School relation with Industry and Related Institutions; as well as Increasing Entrepreneurial Focus. Character Education Model at Samarinda State Forestry School including character education development is done through routine learning activities, spontaneous activities, habits, and conditioning. For learning activities, character education is integrated into each school's subject. The impact of character education for learners at Samarinda State Forestry School is to care for the nature of students and Character Education as a solution for the character development of students at Samarinda State Forestry.


A kind of new type wear resistant ductile iron mill ball has been developed.Composition and the production processes of the mill ball have been determined, and thereafter excellent properties have been obtained. The rockwell hardness and the impact toughness of the mill ball are HRC48~55 and 9~12 J/cm 2 ( α K) respectively. The dropping times of dropping ball experiment exceed 20000 times. The application of the mill ball in electric power plant expresses that the amount of abrasion is less than 120 g per ton coal and the breaking ratio is less than 0.5%.


In this paper we show that during the retrieval process in a binary Hebb attractor neural network, spatial localized states can be observed when the connectivity of the network is distance‐dependent and there is an asymmetry between the retrieval and the learning states.


This paper places this special issue of Public Policy and Administration in the context of a PAC sponsored research workshop, held at the University of Portsmouth in early 1994. The paper then explores the background to Market Testing, arguing it must be seen as a progression from many of the reforms imposed on the civil service over the last fifteen years, yet containing some important aspects which appear to contradict the stated goals of those other programmes. The papers by Dunleavy, Oughton and Jordan are discussed in this context, as is other current work relevant to the subject. Finally, the paper introduces some partial results of a survey of officials, currently being undertaken at the University of Portsmouth, before discussing the more salient implications of the Market Testing Programme.


SETTING
A university hospital in southern Greece.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and other clinically significant conditions in routine chest X-rays (CXRs) of asymptomatic Greeks and immigrants in Greece.

DESIGN
Prospective study.

METHODS
CXRs of 4338 asymptomatic persons (56.8% Greeks, 43.2% immigrants, 18-74 years of age) were examined by two experienced chest radiologists blinded to identifying data. Abnormalities were recorded and the final radiological diagnosis was established by consensus. Results were statistically analysed.

RESULTS
The majority (94.7%) of the CXRs were reported as normal. Clinically significant findings were reported in four cases (0.08%). No case of active TB was depicted. The incidence of old TB was higher in the Greek-born group than among the immigrants, although the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION
The low prevalence of TB in the Greek-born group implies that radiographic screening in that group presents an unnecessary risk and should possibly be abandoned. Our study does not confirm noticeably higher rates of TB in immigrants in comparison to the native Greek population. However, larger prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.


This study investigated absorption of nevirapine (NVP) from targeted sites of the gastrointestinal tract using remotely activated capsules and gamma scintigraphy. A total of 24 participants were randomized to receive 50 mg NVP orally as a suspension or via remotely activated capsules for release into the ascending colon. The 24 participants were then rerandomized into parallel groups of n = 8 for drug release into the ileum, jejunum, or descending colon. The mean gastric emptying time of capsules ranged from 0.88 to 3.35 hours. The small intestinal and colon transit time ranged from 4.08 to 7.76 hours and 17.6 to 21.2 hours, respectively, and capsule recovery time ranged from 27.6 to 34.4 hours. The relative bioavailability ratio of NVP in the jejunum was 1.06 (90% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.12) compared to suspension. In the ileum, ascending colon, and descending colon, bioavailability decreased to 0.89 (0.80–0.99), 0.82 (0.71–0.95), and 0.58 (0.22–1.53), respectively. The absorption rate decreased by ∼10‐fold from the jejunum (3.83 h−1) to the descending colon (0.338 h−1), and tmax increased from 2.42 hours (jejunum) to 16.3 hours (descending colon). Overall, NVP is absorbed from all 4 sites of the gastrointestinal tract, and the rate of absorption decreased from the jejunum to the descending colon. Relative bioavailability of NVP was in the order of jejunum > ileum > ascending colon > descending colon.


With the rise of people's living standards and fitness awareness,opening up sports venues and facilities on campus has become a hot issue. In order to gain a clear picture of the present situation in this respect,this study conducted a questionnaire survey coupled with field observations. 50 colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province were selected as the study objects. This article looks at the management dilemma in three aspects: unspecified management responsibilities,low-level management abilities and unsound management mechanism. Also,it proposes four management strategies: choosing suitable management models,introducing and cultivating management professionals,improving management rules and regulations,and raising the security awareness.


To control pollution of the environment by permanent vehicle in city,we should not only limit the vehicle alone,but also pay more attention to multiple-measure in administration of city program and traffic administration. The multiple-administer must carry out in all sides of vehicles.


Regulation doesn't tend to set many people's pulses racing. However, its importance in healthcare has certainly come under the spotlight of late. We are not surprised. After all, the issues that we deal with are the same as those that regularly occupy the front pages of the newspapers. These issues touch the lives of every family.


On the basis of ackownoledging Yiw's network market status,this essay analizes some problems met during the developing process of Yiwu's network market by researching and interviewing,then gives some unmatural suggestions to improve the development of Yiwu's network market in better way.


Emitter as a company can not run from various economic occurrences. These economic occurrences are accepted by market as information that will be responded by all market participle troughs the stocks trade activity in capital market. Stock split is an activity to increase the number of stocks and will influence the stocks liquidity. One of the responses can be perceived by bid-ask spread. This research aims to analyze whether stock price, trading volume and variance of return have an effect to bid-ask spread around the announcement of stock split. In addition, this research also aims to examine the influence of the announcement of stock split on bid-ask spread. This research used 39 companies announcing of stock split in the Jakarta Stock Exchange during 2000-2004. Perception was conducted 5 days before until 5 days after stock split. A multiple regression analysis was used to examine the effect of stock price, trading volume and variance of return on bid-ask spread. Furthermore, this research used paired sample t-test analysis to examine the different of bid-ask spread before and after the announcement of stock split. The result indicates that stock price had a positive insignificant influence on bid-ask spread before stock split, but stock price had a positive significant influence on bid-ask spread after stock split. Trading volume and variance of return had a positive significant influence on bid-ask spread before and after stock split. The result also shows that there was significant difference between bid-ask spread before and after the announcement of stock split.


Highway conditions have lots of effect on road network economic benefit,its improvement and maintenance is influenced by cost.Through analyzing the relation among the above three factors,the author establishes computation model about benefit of highway network,and obtains the law which the effect of the maintenance cost in different period on road network benefit by an example.It supplies practical reference for expressway maintenance management to chooses the best maintenance program.


Many requirement documents are written in natural language and, therefore, may contain problems such as inconsistencies and ambiguities. To minimize these problems, there is a trend in Software Engineering to use models to represent systems. These models are obtained from textual requirements. However, manual modelling is a complex task and, in order to do it semi-automatically, one has to deal with problems such as the kind of model to be generated, the automation degree to be achieved, and the quality of the document that must be processed. We propose a methodology to semi-automatically generate Extended Finite State Machines (EFSMs) from natural language standard documents. We used Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and tools to extract information from the document, and implemented a prototype which generates EFSMs. The generated EFSMs were validated with a model checking tool, and manually evaluated by comparing them with the manually generated models.


A new genus, Kuhnia n.g., is created for the mazocraeidid monogenetic trematodes from the gills of mackerel. The type species, K. scombri (Kuhn), is redescribed (also K. minor (Goto), from the first specimens to be found outside Japanese waters), special attention being paid to the cuticularized parts, and the clamp skeleton is newly interpreted. An alternation of sex phases has been found in Monogenea, which is well marked in K. scombri, resulting in changes in appearance which are described. The comparison of heterauxesis curves constructed from the summarized data from six sets of dimensions shows that retardations in the rates of growth may be correlated with the onset of maximal reproductive activity, and accelerations with the relief from reproductive drain. Localized growth influence (similar shaped curves, with low post-larval coefficients of growth) has been found in the haptoral region, which is in marked contrast to the growth picture of the cuticularized oral suckers and the width of the body—the latter having both the highest and most variable growth coefficients between the six arbitrary length groups compared. Thus, neither absolute measurements nor ratios are, by themselves, of any value in specific diagnosis. Graphical representation of allomorphosis for the genus Kuhnia affords a synoptic view of the changes brought about by the different types of differential growth of similar organs in each species throughout post-larval life. The dissimilar growth coefficients for certain dimensions are utilized in specific diagnosis. The relative diagnostic value of different entities is examined: the eggs of K. scombri are shown to be highly variable in size and shape. The new facts obtained from the application of this metrical treatment, and its further application as a test for conspecificity of specimens outside the known size range, are discussed. The systematics of the family Mazocraeidae are reviewed, and emended diagnoses of three species of Kuhnia are given in tabular form.


Establishing anti radiation UAV attack and locomotion model for addition radiation source to decoy anti radiation UAV. Making use of discrete and independency property of this mathematical model, it attained statistical sample, which can be used to making efficiency evaluation about UAV injures genuine emitter in the condition of energy unchanged. Giving the model of the most typically coherent dual and triplicate point source decoy anti radiation UAV , besides that carrying through simulation and experimentation of distributed spot, Definitude the main factor influence injures of enemy radar.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify features of successful collaboration among professionals and parents involved in supporting children with disabilities in early childhood education and care. The study employed a multiple-case study design comprising 6 cases and 30 adult participants, who were interviewed regarding their collaboration on behalf of 6 children with significant disabilities ranging in age from 3 to 5 years. Applying a system-theoretical approach, analysis led to the development of a framework based on the concepts of 'internal' and 'external' features of collaboration. Whereas internal aspects refer primarily to the interpersonal interactions of parents and professionals, external features are linked to conditions that occur at a greater 'distance' from these interactions, yet nonetheless appear to have a substantial impact on participants' beliefs about whether the collaboration is successful. We argue that external influences have too often been overlooked in the literature on multidisciplinary collaboration in this context.


Sustainability accounting, with its final output – sustainability reporting, is a new field of accounting focused on evaluating and following up activities regarding a firm's governance, environmental issues and social inclusion and interaction. Among several standardized frameworks, companies worldwide often choose the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. Since the year 2000, GRI Guidelines have evolved and currently the fourth generation is in use. The aim of this study is to assess the latest form of sustainability reporting within an integrated report in the banking industry using the UniCredit Group, which operates in 15 countries, as an example. Sustainability reporting will soon become mandatory in the European Union (EU) for large companies, listed companies and public-interest entities (e.g. banks) with an average of at least 500 employees, starting from the year 2018 (for activities in 2017). This paper is focused on a content analysis of the recent bank sustainability reporting with a critical review on this matter.


In this study, we analyze the quality factor- Q derived from the Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) and sonic log data that was performed in the DS-2 borehole located in the Carpathian Foredeep. We use the obtained quality factor distributions in the inverse Q-filtering (IQF) procedure during active seismic data processing. Another very important and, unfortunately, subjective in nature parameter is the gain function applied to seismic data while performing the IQF. To calculate Q from VSP data we use an iterative approach to the spectral ratio method where we use several shallowest receivers as reference. We observe high variability of the obtained Q values, depending on the reference receiver, however, depth distribution of Q was consistent regardless To increase reliability of the obtained values, an additional method of Q measurements is incorporated, i.e., acoustic travel time dispersion method. We show that incorporating inverse Q-filtering to active seismic data processing flow allows to enhance the vertical resolution of 2D seismic data.


SIR A meeting of the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks took place in Padua, during May 1979, under the chairmanship of Professor A. Streckeisen (Berne), and was attended by F. Chayes, USA, A. Dudek, CSSR, Mme S. V. Efremova, USSR, A. M. Goodwin, Canada, M. J. Le Bas, UK, R. W. Le Maitre, Australia, N. P. Mikhailov, USSR, P. A. Sabine, UK, R. Schmid, Switzerland (Secretary), K. Smulikowski, Poland, Mme V. Szeky-Fux, Hungary, M. E. Teruggi, Argentine, B. Zanettin, Italy, with the following also present: W. Duffield, USA, Gp De Vecchi, Italy, Mme E. Justin-Visentin, Italy, E. Piccirillo, Italy, H. de la Roche, France. The meeting dealt principally with the nomenclature of volcanic rocks, and particularly the pyroclastic rocks which had been the subject of a questionnaire distributed on a world-wide basis. It was agreed that the classification of pyroclasts and pyroclastic deposits should be based on non-petrogenetic features. Recommendations for the plutonic and volcanic rocks have previously been published (see Streckeisen, 1976, 1978, 1979; Sabine, 1974, 1978). The following summarizes the recommendations on which there was substantial or complete agreement, although some minor points have still to be resolved, and some matters merit further discussion.


eThnologia euroPaea 42:2 Today, a growing number of people spend their lives beyond the borders of nation states. They create homes, families and identities that are not easily understood if one adheres to the concept of "true belonging" as meaning solidly anchored to one territory, one culture and one language. Even in the era of globalization, however, this concept retains its force. It is, after all, still the nation state, and only the nation state, that guarantees individuals' fundamental rights and grants them their true home, their proper place. Refugees are still viewed as exceptional, for they lack the basic protection which only the native country can give (see Bauman 1998). Thus, despite modern global mobility, the nation state's legal regulations, border controls and migration policies are still of pre-eminent importance. During periods of rapid social change, the nation, accordingly, often becomes a socially, culturally and politically charged subject within a symbolic battle over how to define so-called normal relations and healthy family ties. The breakthrough of industrialism and urbanization and the modernization of the European welfare states meant new ways of conceptualizing and organizing marriage, parenthood and family life (see Frykman & Löfgren 1987). Today, the family is again the focus of social debates conducted in the light of growing international migration, the transformation of the welfare state, assisted fertilization of childless couples and the emergence of same-sex parents in "rainbow" families. International research on ethnic relations and international migration has shown how many migrants' everyday life takes place in several places simultaneously. Personal relations and family economy, life goals and identities are formed by social interrelations that reach across national borders – sometimes beyond continents. Transnational contacts and family ties link together geographically disperse worlds. In many cases, they create a virtual homeland consisting of several different places. Marita Eastmond and Lisa Åkesson (2007) have shown that global families are shaped by interplay between migrants' lives, as lived in different local contexts, and the global communities of which they form a part. Munzoul Assal's 2003 study of Somali and Sudanese living in Norway discusses how these engage in an intense social exchange with relatives and friends outside Norway's borders. This exchange is, moreover, not confined to people in the migrants' country of origin; it reaches out to several other parts of the world, as well. Assal argues that one must position these groups' views on home, family and belonging against this wide, mobile horizon. He also calls attention to the number and variety of everyday actions and communication forms that together create a home that lies beyond the narrow logic of the nation state. Family and kin, here, is not something one simply is or has. One creates family in the everyday practices of sending money to relatives, celebrating holidays together, participating in ethnic Beatriz Lindqvist FROM ACCOMPANYING FAMILY MEMBER TO ACTIVE SUBJECT Critical Perspectives on Transnational Migration Museum Tusculanum Press :: University of Copenhagen :: www.mtp.dk :: firstname.lastname@example.com


Our perpose in this work is the complete the study of Simsek numbers. We give
 answer to some open problems concerning polynomial representations and
 associated generating function. At the end of the study we investigate a new
 generalization of these numbers and obtain useful identities which connect
 Simsek numbers and Stirling numbers of second kind.


Advances in science and technology encourage people to develop and create various types of electronic devices. One of electronic equipments that is used widely in present day is laptop. Laptop as a product of modern technology still bring impact to our lives, one of which is radiation. The effect of radiation released by laptops is not directly perceived by the users, but after 15-20 years. Sansevieria is one of plants that can be used as anti radiation bioscreen. The pur-pose of this study was to determine the decrease differences of laptop radiation before and after being given anti radiation bioscreen made from Sansevieria trifasciata lorentii mein liebling. This research method was experiment with pre test post test with control group design. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The results reveal that the radiation in control group decreased in average of 0,32 x (cid:883)(cid:882) (cid:2879)(cid:2875) (18,22 %), while in the treatment group, it was 0,33 x (cid:883)(cid:882) (cid:2879)(cid:2875) (24,45 %).


Typically surface core-level shifts (SCLS) of clean surfaces are explained in the initial-state model, thus ignoring the screening of the photon-induced hole. We will show that this approach is not valid for the (001) surfaces of Si and Ge. Using ab initio density-functional theory we calculate the SCLS from differences of total energies of slabs containing excited atoms at different positions at the surface and in the bulk. Comparison with initial-state results reveals an enhanced screening at the surface, which is even remarkably different for the two atoms forming the surface dimer


This paper outlines a project suggesting a prototypical distributed-digital-design application system for integrating design process. Up until recently, the computing resources of an organization or project group were spread across many different systems in different spaces. This state of affairs is creating a growing interest in distributed-digital-design integration due to the needs of direct collaboration among location-independent project partners spread in the world. The aim of this research is to propose a new paradigm for a digital design system by combining research on integrated digital design applications including BIM(Building Information Modeling) with Web technologies such as Java and VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language).


The legal statements for twelfth- and thirteenth-century Iceland and England contain material on widows in relation to property and marriage, and this chapter focuses only on the legal theory. Inheritance is covered in greatest detail. The legal sources raise questions about widows' control of property, both land and other wealth. These require discussion of the way widows might come to hold property - as heiresses of their parents, through dowry at marriage which might be a form of inheritance, and through brideprice or dower from their husband or his kin. Discussion, therefore, covers female inheritance more generally, and the property arrangements involved in marriage. Martindale argues that changes in family organization and rules governing inheritance had a significant impact on land transfers and succession. Such changes ultimately saw a reluctance to endow all children and the triumph of primogeniture.Keywords: dowry; England; female inheritance; Iceland; land transfers; legal statements; marriage; widows


COULD authors and correspondents to your journal please use shorter sentences? Most people agree that the longer the sentence the lower a reader's comprehension. Polysyllabic words and acronyms lower comprehension further. The American Press Institute (Anon 2015) has apparently commented on sentence length: sentences of less than eight words, comprehension rate 100 per cent; sentences containing nine to 14 words, comprehension rate 90 per cent; sentences exceeding 43 words, comprehension rate less than 10 per cent. In the recent paper by Donnelly and others (2015) the title contained 24 words and two sentences exceeded 74 words. Acronyms were quite widely used. I found the paper difficult to understand. This may be because of my advancing years. Shorter sentences would have greatly aided comprehension.


Vibrational lifetime and spectral shift data for the asymmetric CO stretching mode of $W(CO)_6$ in supercritical ethane, carbon dioxide, and fluoroform as a function of density at two temperatures are presented, and the lifetime $(T_1)$ measurements are compared to theory. The data and theory are refinements of previous work. Measurements at zero density allow the contribution from solute-solvent interactions to be separated from strictly intramolecular contributions to $T_1$. The results in the polyatomic SCFs are compared to data in Ar. The density functional/thermodynamic $theory^1$ has been extended to include contributions at large wavevector (k). Very good, quantitative agreement between theory and data taken in ethane and fluoroform is achieved, but the agreement for data taken in carbon dioxide, while reasonable, is not as good. The theory uses a variety of input information on the SCF properties obtained from the fluids' equations of state and other tabulated thermodynamic data. The solute-solvent spatial distribution is described in terms of hard spheres. The theory is able to reproduce the data without solute-solvent attractive interactions or clustering in the calculation of the spatial distribution.


Safety of long term containment and storage of radioactive waste is an essential issue, which is increasingly gaining international attention. Extending interim storage beyond initial license periods is one of the major challenges worldwide.
BAM has been involved in all kinds of radioactive waste container safety evaluation for storage and transportation including their long term performance from the very beginning. Today, all work related to the safe management of radioactive waste is linked by the activity field "Nuclear Waste Management" within the Focus Area "Energy" at BAM and in conjunction with a research strategy and agenda. Most recently, the working group "Long Term Safety of Container Systems and Components" was established to launch and perform research projects related to safety issues concerning the extended interim storage of radioactive waste.
For example, within our project LaMEP, we investigate ageing effects of metal and elastomer seals as well as polymeric neutron shielding materials, which are container components that fulfil major safety functions. The results of the experiments help to understand the long term behaviour of these components. Likewise, our project BRUZL started at BAM in 2018 with the aim of developing a fracture mechanics approach to understand and describe a potential brittle failure mechanism of fuel cladding during long-term interim storage. BAM also contributes to the GRS project "Development of methods and models and international exchange for safety evaluation in the frame of interim storage of radioactive waste". Additionally, BAM is involved in several international research programmes dealing with extended interim storage, such as the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (EURAD), the Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP) and IAEA Coordinated Research Projects.
The present contribution provides a comprehensive overview of BAM research activities contributing to national and international gap analyses and to filling knowledge gaps regarding the safe long term management of radioactive waste.


The article examines the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth and the tendency to humanize or demedicalize childbirth. The concept of childbirth dramatically changed in Western countries over the last century. Pregnancy and childbirth were still considered to be a natural phenomenon at the beginning of the 20th century. In the second half of the 20th century, which coincides with more intense development of gynaecology and obstetrics and the related technology, pregnancy and childbirth became the subject of the jurisdiction of medicine. Medicalization in Peter Conrad's terms is a process by which non-medical problems become defined as medical, which is also related to the implementation of medical interventions. A descriptive research method was used to perform a literature review related to the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth. In addition to a general overview of the theme, the review focused on the Slovenian context. Discussions about the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth and natural childbirth create ambivalence, since technological advances also help to save lives. The feminist critique sees the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth in the function of control over women's bodies and reproduction. The process of humanization therefore focuses on woman and her ability to make independent decisions related to pregnancy and childbirth. Through the literature review, it is indicated that there is a need for further empirical research to explain more clearly the interweaving of these two perspectives, especially in Slovenia, where such studies are extremely limited.


Participants in the seventh annual PhysioNet/CinC Challenge developed and evaluated methods for measuring the QT interval, using the 549 records of the PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. Fifteen entrants entered sets of manually reviewed measurements, and the record-by- record medians of these defined the 549 "gold standard" reference QT measurements. Twenty-five entrants submitted sets of automatically-derived measurements. All entrants were allowed to omit records considered unreadable. Each entry received a score, calculated as the RMS error in milliseconds (relative to the reference QT measurements) divided by the fraction of records measured. The best scores for manual and automated entries were 6.67 ms and 16.34 ms respectively; typical scores were 10- 20 ms for manual entries and 20-30 ms for automated entries. Significantly, a meta-entry derived from the medians of six automated entries achieved a score of 10.93 ms, better than all but four manual entries.


This article examines the place of corporal punishment in early monastic discipline. By comparing the role assigned to corporal punishment in a variety of monastic rules from across the late antique Mediterranean, from the Rules ascribed to Pachomius (d. 348), to the Rule of Benedict from the mid-sixth century, it demonstrates that late antique monastic writers had a sophisticated and ordered approach to this type of penalty. This approach drew both on the concept of the absolute authority of the punishing father in Scripture, and on the limitations of Roman social expectations and ancient educational values to such absolute authority. As a result corporal punishment was seen either as a last resort when all other disciplinary measures had failed to bring about a reasonable response, or the appropriate punishment for an offence that originated from irrational conduct. Contrary to ancient household practices, however, which seem to have reserved corporal punishment for small children and slaves – conventionally perceived to lack ability to reason – late antique monastic rules invoked corporal punishment as a possibility for every member in the community who demonstrated irrational behaviour. In this way they blurred traditional boundaries between children, slaves and adults.


Asking people to listen to a piece of music takes some of their time, some of their life: the composer is stealing a little bit from the life of each listener. Is this the reason why contemporary music is so much less popular than the contemporary visual arts, which are certainly no easier to comprehend? While watching an exhibition, the public maintains control of their time. If they do not like it, they can leave at any point—while with music, the composer's time is necessarily imposed upon the listener. This creates an enormous responsibility on the part of the composer. This responsibility means that music can neither be purely experimental nor eliminate all elements of research. It should always provide interesting, and even new (daring though the word seems to us today) propositions, while remaining perceptible so that it can be received by the listener. This must be true even when the composer is looking for extreme novelty or complexity: somewhere there must exist a common ground where the composer and his audience can share an angle of approach. This leads to a certain number of consequences. Composers should not be satisfied with music that is simply there to please. They should not allow the style of their music to be dictated by fashions, the easy acceptance of institutions, of orchestras, or of the regular concert-going audience. These are not sufficient reasons for writing music, for stealing from the life of another. Unfortunately, a number of trends are more and more prevalent in composition today which either ignore the problem of communication or—resting on the ambiguous notion of postmodernism and on pseudo-musicological or pseudo-philosophical discourses—are in fact not much more than disguised academicism. We are often told that the avant-garde is behind us, that we have achieved so much distance and perspective that only a 'postmodern' attitude remains possible. However, in my daily work as a composer this idea is disproved. I continue to search for new ideas and materials. Some of this research is on a technical level— clearly the case when speaking of developing new computer programs or new ways to facilitate the comprehension of sonic analyses—but another type of research that I perform daily is purely musical and aesthetic, looking for ways of effectively using the material that I discover to create new sonic/musical objects. By 'new', I mean something that I want to say but have not already said, and which no one else has said Contemporary Music Review Vol. 24, No. 2/3, April/June 2005, pp. 269 – 272


Employee motivation is vital to the future success of the organizations because if it is identified correctly, managers can step aside the high costs associated with turnover. While the competition is steady with other companies to attract and to retain workers to meet the demand of the consumers, the management must gain a better understanding of what motivates their workers in order to overtake the high costs associated with turnover; managers must attempt to understand what motivates their staffs. [1] Therefore; employee motivation is an important topic for the organizations. This study desires to provide the practitioners in the aircraft industry and the comparisons of employee's motivation and goals.


In this paper, we introduced the concept of - fuzzy bi-ideals and  - fuzzy bi-ideals of a near-ring. Some new characterizations are also given. In particular, homomorphic behaviour of- fuzzy bi-ideals are also discussed. New type of fuzzy bi-ideals of near rings is also introduced.


The purpose of this note is to discuss libertarian paternalism from the perspective of the concept of "freedom of choice". For libertarian paternalists, freedom remains defined as it is defined by neo-classical economists and "consent" to the conditions of choice is never envisaged as an issue. Actually, it may even be said that "consent" does not fit into the framework adopted by libertarian paternalists. Thus, libertarian paternalists face a dilemma: if they draw all the consequences of their behavioral assumptions – and have to take "consent" into account – but then taking consent into account is not compatible with their behavioral framework.


The present invention is a sandwich the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 11, n-type nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer 13, 12, at least having: an n-type impurity in the barrier layer. 2A; well layer made of nitride semiconductor containing In. 1A; having a p-type impurity, or undoped and to make the barrier layer grown 2C, by arranging the barrier layer as the barrier layer 2 side closest to the p-type layer, can inject an appropriate carrier into the active layer 12 .


Malignant neoplasms are currently considered one of the biggest causes of mortality in the world. It is considered that about 70% of cancer patients will use antineoplastic chemotherapy. Among these, about 40% will develop oral manifestations. Complications in the oral cavity are due to immunosuppression caused by the toxicity of the chemotherapy drugs administered, making individuals susceptible to infectious conditions, which can complicate cancer treatment The cancer patient needs dental care before, during and after chemotherapy. The dental surgeon is essential in the multidisciplinary team, as they have detailed knowledge of the entire oral cavity as well as its changes, performing control and adequacy of the oral environment, eliminating outbreaks of infections. When there is an impairment of the oral mucosa during the treatment phase, the dental surgeon in the multidisciplinary team enters the appropriate and effective treatment therapy for each oral manifestation, whether they are injuries or sequel, seeking to minimize the damage caused by the effects of chemotherapy drugs , ensuring a better quality of life and patient survival, as its complications can aggravate systemic conditions of patients. This study consists of a literature review of the literature.


Audition in Anolis grahami was investigated using classical conditioning of subjects within a simulated "natural" habitat. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was a tone which matched the dominant frequency of the species' agonistic type A vocalization; shoving a subject from its perch with a rod was the aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Before conditioning experiments took place, baseline observations showed no observable responses by the lizards to the tone. Furthermore, during the conditioning experiments, evidence of learning (i.e., orienting and avoidance behavior during presentation of the tone) was more evident when visual cues were reduced. These results indicate that the species will respond to sounds, but that it has a greater reliance on visual rather than auditory information.


In this paper a hybrid 2D-Measurement technique is utilized for the estimation of remote position of an active reflector unit (Tag), in terms of radial distance and azimuth angle. Technique is based on Interferometry and FMCW multistatic radar system which operates in the European UWB frequency band. Measurements have been performed in the real indoor environment for line-of-sight case with respect to a single known reference position. Estimated root-mean-square errors are under 1.58cm & 5.2°, respectively. This new technique offers a wide range of application in robotics, industrial automation and medical domain.


First, I sincerely thank BBCS for this honour. It seems especially appropriate to receive this award in Montreal, where I started my studies many years ago at McGiIl University. As so often in life, I got to McGiIl somewhat by chance. I was finishing off my high school senior year with the Saskatchewan government correspondence school while teaching in a one-room schoolhouse in northern Manitoba. I noticed an ad in the Manitoba Teacher's magazine urging teachers to encourage qualified students to apply for an entrance scholarship to McGiIl. I applied, and to my delight was successful. So I ended up in 1953 living in Royal Victoria College at the corner of University and Sherbrooke, at that time the McGiIl women's residence. For a girl from a farming village in Saskatchewan this was quite a change. My teacherage in Manitoba had no telephone, no electricity, no running water, no central heating (in fact not much heating at all), and no indoor toilets (Figure 1). In two months I went from that to a stately and comfortable mansion in the heart of a big city. The after-dinner coffee was served to us in gracious lounges by freshmen residents. It was quite another world (Figure 2). In my first year at McGiIl, I took Introductory Psychology taught by Dr. Hebb. Although he insisted that we not take notes, and in fact encouraged us to bring our knitting, his lectures were such a fascinating series of informed speculations about how the brain might work in mediating behaviour that it influenced all my subsequent research. There was an oral examination at the end of the Honours Psychology program. Hebb's question to me was, what contribution had Tinkelpaugh made to psychology? I had never heard of Tinkelpaugh. For any of you in the same boat, Tinkelpaugh did a study on monkeys in the 1920s that Hebb was particularly fond of and you can read about it in both the Organization of Behavior (1949) and in Hebb's introductory textbook (1958). I felt my ignorance had not made a great impression on Hebb, and when in my last year I went to talk to him about going into graduate school, somewhat at the last minute, he said "Why would a nice girl like you want to go into graduate school?" This seemed a strange question to me - and probably elicited a gasp from some in today's audience. But I believe, aside from an element of real concern, that it had another purpose, which was to determine how serious I was. He pointed out that I had been a teacher and that this was a satisfying occupation, whereas research could be very frustrating. But I persisted, and managed to convince him that within the limits of my experience, I had enjoyed research more than anything else I had done. He ultimately became extremely helpful, and was instrumental in getting me accepted at Berkeley. I was offered a research assistantship at Berkeley, which at that time meant that the first two years would be spent doing prescribed research entirely for someone else (admittedly a world-renowned researcher) while I studied for comprehensive exams. This really did not appeal to me, and I went back to Hebb with the letter. He had always argued that graduate students should get started on research of their own very early; he agreed that the Berkeley offer was unpalatable, and I was then and there admitted to graduate studies at McGUl. In the first year of graduate school, all students at that time took part in what was called only "Hebb's seminar." In our first assignment, we did a group presentation and in my group I was designated the organizer. The topic was "The circumnavigation of cognition," the paper by that name spoofing the overarching learning theory of the time, which explained much of what is called "cognition" as a series of unidirectional S-R connections. Apparently I had redeemed myself from the Tinkelpaugh episode. Graduate School Hebb's approach to graduate student education emphasized doing research right from the start. …


Zn0.88Co0.12O films having room ferromagnetism were prepared on glass substrates using sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible transmittance spectra (UV-vis) indicate that Co(superscript 2+) instituting Zn(superscript 2+) was doped into ZnO crystal lattice. Photoluminescence measurement shows that ultraviolet emission increases with increasing annealing temperature while visible light emission decreases. Magnetic properties of Zn0.88Co0.12O films were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer. The results indicate that the observed room temperature ferromagnetism can be attributed to the substitutional incorporation of Co at Zn-sites rather than the formation of segregated secondary phases and its strength depends on the coupling degree of Co(superscript 2+) in the ZnO lattice and carries caused by structural defects associated with annealing temperature.


This study adapts a variety of techniques derived from multi-spectral image classification to find objects amid cluttered backgrounds in hyperspectral imagery. This study quantitatively compares the algorithms against a standard object search, the matched filter (MF) and recently developed object detector, Adaptive Cosine Estimator (ACE). These object searches require calculating the Mahalanobis distance between the average object spectral signature and the test pixel spectrum and needs the computation of a covariance matrix. The covariance matrix is generated using the entire image (Whitened Euclidean Distance, WED) or using pixels associated with the object (Maximum Likelihood Classifier, MLC). The latter computation requires a relatively large number of pixels to generate a non-singular, accurate covariance matrix. Regularizing object pixels via optimally mixing (likelihood maximization) diagonal, object, and entire image covariance matrices to generate the object covariance matrix estimate. This approximation is called the Regularized Maximum Likelihood Classifier (RMLC). The object searches MF, ACE, WED, MLC, and RMLC were applied to visible/near IR data collected from forest and desert environments. This study searched for objects using object signatures and covariance matrices taken directly from the scene and from statistically transformed object signatures and covariance matrices from another time. This study found a substantial reduction in the number of false alarms (factor of 10 to 1000) using WED, ACE, RMLC relative to MF searches for the two independent data collects. The regularization of in-scene and transformed covariance matrices substantially reduced false alarms relative to using unprocessed covariance matrices. This study adds simple, high performing algorithms to the object search arsenal.


Abstract Reported death anxiety in Malaysian and Australian individuals was compared. The Malaysian subjects were 125 university students residing in Australia, and the Australian subjects were 159 students at the same institutions. As predicted, Australian students had significantly, but only slightly, higher death anxiety scores than Malaysian students. Females had significantly higher death anxiety scores than males in both samples. The findings are explained in terms of factors in Eastern cultures that more effectively control fear of death.


This paper reviews selected contributions in the problem of facility location in a competitive environment with special emphases on network bused formulations. Likely directions for future research on competitive network facility location models arc identified.


A novel crystallization method for a low-temperature process is proposed, called "excimer laser annealing (ELA) of amorphous silicon (a-Si) with a hydrogen (H) modulation-doped layer" (ELHMD). The effects of H on low-energy crystallization by conventional ELA and ELHMD were investigated. The properties of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) film were changed by adjusting the H concentration and H distribution in the a-Si film for low-laser-energy irradiation. The recombination energy of H from the SiH2 bond enhances crystal nucleation during Si melting. Film exfoliation caused by H2 bursts can be suppressed and high-quality crystal grains are obtained by ELHMD.


Allocating different frequency resources for different services is an important means to achieve end-to-end physical isolation of power wireless private network. However, the traditional frequency allocation method does not consider the characteristics of power services and isolation requirements. In this paper, a method of frequency allocation and interference coordination for wireless private network based on service isolation is proposed, the frequency allocation process for power service is designed, which can dynamically adjust the frequency subset according to the change of service demand of power service management area. On the basis of ensuring the service bearing isolation of different service areas, more flexible frequency allocation is realized, and the spectrum utilization efficiency is improved. In order to minimize the network interference, a cell interference coordination method for chain networking is proposed, which fully considers the service transmission characteristics and traffic distribution in different scenarios.


With the development in the past decades,Zhejiang Zheng faction has gained beautifully artistic achievements.This paper aims to make a systematic exposition of the historical contribution and representatives,and it is found that the ancient Zheng art has shown vigor and vitality today,to which Zhejiang Zheng art made undeniable contribution.


Mary Black was an internationally-known weaver and a key figure in Nova Scotia's craft renaissance during the 1940s and 1950s. The early years of her worklife, however, remain unexplored, despite her place as a pioneering occupational therapist in Nova Scotia and in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s.


Abstract : The map interpretation and terrain analysis course (MITAC) was upgraded to a computer-based training format to correct deficiencies in low altitude navigation training for helicopters pilots. This report describes the narrative used to produce a set of videodiscs to store the course content for individual study. The narrative is divided into six sections that describe the interpretation of different kinds of topographic features (e.g., terrain relief, hydrography, vegetation, cultural features) that can be used for navigation.


DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2017.5.10.75 Abstract: Pancreatic lipomas are mostly incidentally detected when patient undergoes imaging studies for some other reason. Uncommonly, they can present with nonspecific symptoms like abdominal pain or features of pancreatic or biliary obstruction. Pathologically, the lipomas are benign lesions made up of mature fat cells surrounded by a thin collagenous capsule. We present a case of pancreatic lipoma incidentally detected in a 65 yr female patient complaining of swelling in right iliac fossa many years after appendicectomy which turned out to be an incisional hernia.


This paper proposes a multiple sample extension of the chain-deferred plans by the author (1983). These plans are similar to the traditional multiple plans except that they use information from, at most, four surrounding lots when sentencing the current lot. When compared with existing plans, the new proposals either reduce the cost of the decision procedure or reduce the possible length of the queue of unsentenced lots and at the same time give an equivalent overall protection. The average sample number before a decision and the average delay time are both examined and compared with existing multiple deferred state sampling plans and with the traditional multiple plans. The compatibility of these plans with the traditional multiple plans is illustrated.


In the year 2016, spear phishing has caused a significant amount of capital loss in the US. Mitigation had been done on spear phishing but existing spear phishing mobile mitigation still had a lack of detection and prediction module, no response of mitigation and limited channel for the system to check for malicious URL. This project proposed to use context-aware parameters such as timestamp, location, user identification, and others to improve the detection and prediction module, integrate alert module to a user as the response of mitigation and QR code as a new channel for malicious URL checking. Spear phishing uses personalized content which often related to the environmental context and thus the implementation of context-awareness in SPDefense is suggested. It is expected that the integration of context-awareness will further improve the detection and prediction module. The aim of the project is a tool that able to detect, predict and respond to spear phishing attack for mobile.


Ferric hydrosulfate minerals are commonly byproducts of biotic oxidation of Fe (II) in acid mine drainage and biohydrometallurgy like biogenic jarosite. In this study, adsorption of Cr (VI) on jarosite was a rapid process and the optimum pH for Cr (VI) adsorption was found at 7.0. The variation of Cr (VI) adsorbed on jarosite fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherm models and the maximum adsorption capacity was 3.23 mg/g. It was evident that anion exchange mechanism was responsible for Cr (VI) adsorption on jarosite based on the sulfate leaching data and optimum pH experiments.


This contribution demonstrates an automated adjustment of the coverslip correction collar in scanning confocal microscopy to compensate for aberrations caused by coverslip thickness mismatch. An axial image model is derived for filtering the measured axial image to improve the signal to noise ratio. To find the best collar alignment, 70 axial scans equally spaced over the actuation range are recorded and evaluated automatically. The axial scans reveal that different coverslips have a shift of the maximum intensity for optimal imaging along the collar angle. Correction quality such as the maximum intensity or sharpness of the image are examined and used to find the optimal adjustment. The proposed automated correction is demonstrated with two different coverslips and two biological specimen showing the improved resolution of the obtained confocal microscopy images.


We suggest the novel EEFL (External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp) Backlight System 3 types; the first aspect is a high optical efficiency second is reduction of mechanical size of Backlight, and the last is low power consumption in large LCD Backlight System. To gain a high optical efficiency, we consider the narrow diameter (φ 3.0) lamp of EEFL Backlight System. As the impedance of the narrow diameter (φ 3.0) lamp is higher than that of conventional (φ 4.0) EEFL. A high impedance of lamp is caused the increase of power consumption and a driving voltage of lamp. But its characteristic of an enhancement luminance could be possible for a high optical efficiency. We introduce a method for decrease of a mechanical size for large Backlight. The length of electrode for EEFL system must be increased as a small diameter and a long length of lamp. For that reason is caused the increase of Bezel Size For LCD TV. In this paper, we suggest a DEFL(Differential Diameter External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp). DEFL is made by junction between φ 4.0mm glass tube of emission part and φ 8.0mm glass tube of electrode part. Finally we explain φ 4.0mm EEFL system for low power consumption in comparison with φ 4.0mm CCFL backlight system.


The invention provides a high-melt-index and high-transparency SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene) elastomer and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: using lithium alkylide as a catalyst, taking styrene and isoprene as raw materials to enable a reaction, and preparing a styrene-isoprene-styrene glue solution; mixing, flashing and concentrating the prepared glue solution, implementing dry devolatilization on the flashed and concentrated glue solution, and then performing extrusion, formation and drying to prepare the styrene-isoprene-styrene elastomer. By using the method, the SIS elastomer with the molecular weight of 70,000-150,000 is prepared, the melt index is up to 70-120g/cm under the weight of 5kg at the temperature of 200 DEG C, and the high transparency is achieved. The preparation process is short in flow, the amount of equipment is small, the operation site is clean, no wastewater is produced as a solvent is directly flashed, extruded and removed, the energy consumption is low, and the high-melt-index and high-transparency SIS elastomer and the preparation method thereof are suitable for industrialized production.


SDX-105 (Treanda™) is an alkylating agent with a distinct mechanism of action that has been shown to be active in clinical trials in NHL and CLL patients refractory to traditional DNA-damaging agents. SDX-105 induces unique changes in gene expression in NHL cells and displays a lack of cross resistance with other 2-chloroethylamine alkylating agents. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed that the G2/M checkpoint regulators Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) and Aurora A kinase (AurkA) are down-regulated in the NHL cell line SU-DHL-1 after 8 hours of exposure to clinically relevant concentrations of SDX-105. No changes in these same genes were observed when cells were exposed to equi-toxic doses of chlorambucil or an active metabolite of cyclophosphamide. Because our previous studies demonstrated that SDX-105 treatment can activate apoptotic cell death pathways, we examined the ability of SDX-105 to induce cytotoxicity in cells unable to undergo 'classical' caspase-mediated apoptosis. Multi-drug resistant MCF-7/ADR cells and p53 deficient RKO-E6 colon adenocarcinoma cells were exposed for two or three days to either 50 μM SDX-105 alone or 50 μM SDX-105 and 20 μM pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. Although zVAD-fmk was able to inhibit SDX-105 induced increases in Annexin-V-positive cells, microscopic analysis of nuclear morphology using the DNA stain DAPI in cells treated with either SDX-105 alone or in combination with zVAD-fmk showed increased incidence of micronucleation. Multi/micro-nucleation and abnormal chromatin condensation are both hallmarks of mitotic catastrophe and have been observed in tumor cells exposed to microtubule-binding drugs such as the vinca alkaloids and taxanes. Activation of mitotic catastrophe may amplify the cytotoxicity of SDX-105 and its activity in tumor cells where classical apoptotic pathways are inhibited. This may explain, at least in part, the potent anti-tumor activity of SDX-105 in tumor cells refractory to conventional 2-chloroethylamine DNA-damaging agents. Additional studies are ongoing to further elaborate the role of mitotic catastrophe in SDX-105's mechanism of action. The capacity to induce mitotic catastrophe may explain the anti-tumor activity of SDX-105 in chemotherapy relapsed and resistant patients.


structures and the meaning attached to structures. This best explains the reasons of demolition and control of structures and the politics attached to it. It allows us to understand the politics of structures in modern times. The different battles, changing political state and control over 'properties' are not histories of contestation but a process of deliberate cultivation of aesthetic and architectural history integrated with memory. Authors have identified memory as playing a crucial role in the encounters during the sixteenth century in the Deccan than what was in the earlier periods of the fourteenth or fifteenth century. So, the control of Bijapur over Vijaynagar and the plunder of its wealth were not only a transformation of a provincial outpost to a major capital but also a process of fusion, transformation and reintegration. The authors attempt to read the remains of Deccan's architectural monuments from this angle and do not refer to the plunder and pillage of 'Hindu temples' by 'Muslim' invaders. Their attempt of re-reading of past in this manner is sure to engage readers' attention and make them think about Sanskrit and Persian traditions, and the universality of the idea of domination. The rise of Vijaynagar and Bahmani empires in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries worked as a catalyst for the diffusion of the ideas of Persian cosmopolis with that of Sanskrit cosmopolis. The authors have also examined the importance of gunpowder and military technology and the importance of gates in political conquest with reference to the two significant battles of Raichur (1520) and Talikota (1565). The changing military technology in the intervening period of forty-five years and the changing power structures also inform us about the medieval method of warfare. Authors' attempts to see the Deccan's regional politics beyond religious struggles is very relevant in the modern times too. As history is what has been given to us by historians, this history definitely needs to be referred. The shift from Mughal centrism in medieval Indian history and the necessity to see past as a Sanskrit and Persian cosmopolis and not as 'Hindu' and 'Muslim' past, and the use of structures as source material to construct history and memory is the highlight of this book. All history is contemporary history and this history too is contemporary in nature as it deals with the past but examines and gives answers to some of the problems of the present too. This book is recommended for researchers as well as non-historians who are interested in knowing the 'true' past.


It is an honor to be a discussant to the Morris Hansen Lecture, and a pleasure to be discussing Don Rubin's talk. Dr. Rubin has clarified over the years many of the deep issues relating to causal inference. Let me start with a story. About 20 years ago when I was teaching at UCLA, I was eating breakfast one morning at my kitchen table, and my two-and-a-half year-old daughter was in the next room, lying on her back and kicking the wall with her feet. I told her to stop, which she did for a few seconds, and then be gan again. I told her to stop again, and that I really meant it. The kicking stopped for a longer period this time, maybe 30 seconds, and then started up again. Just then the Whittier-Narrows earthquake hit, 5.9 on the Richter scale. Our 50-year-old house started shaking like crazy. As I was running into the next room to get my daughter, I ran into her running into the kitchen screaming "I'm sorry, Daddy, I'm sorry. I didn't mean to do it!" Which brings me to my first point: causal inference can be tricky. Causal inference can be tricky not just for small chil dren, but for epidemiologists and biostatisticians, too. As an example, consider hormone-replacement therapy for postmenopausal women. Dozens of observational studies (including case-control studies and cohort stud ies) had suggested a 40-50% reduction in coronary heart disease (Stampfer and Colditz, 1991). However, the recently reported results of the Women's Health Initiative trial demonstrated that the treatment had an elevated incidence of coronary heart disease (Manson et al., 2003). Now the statisticians who worked on these epidemiologic studies thought they were mak ing a valid causal inference. In fact, many women took estrogen replacement therapy partly because they be lieved that it would offer cardiovascular benefits. How


There is controversy about the processes responsible for the current distribution of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTF) in South America. This vegetation type comprises a large proportion of all Neotropical species. Understanding what shapes your distribution may provide new insights into the evolution of this ecosystem and contribute to aspects of conservation. The study evaluated the evolution of this biome in southern Brazil, where SDTF and Rainforests are widely interspersed. For this, we reconstructed the phylogeographic history of the cactus, Cereus hildmannianus, a kind of characteristic and abundant SDTF. Molecular dating methods, population structure and phylogeography were performed to evaluate the historical and demographic events through a dense sampling which comprised 24 populations and about 150 samples of at least one among the six nuclear and chloroplast genomic regions selected. From this, we investigated a possible scenario of population dynamics of C. hildmannianus. The results indicate a separation of the species into two main groups (ΦST: 0.788) with events of population expansion: one in coastal regions and the other inside the south of Brazil, concondante with the distribution of the nuclei of SDTF. The time of the most recent common ancestor of C. hildmannianuswere 2.56 million years ago, this speciation refers to the pre-Glacial. The results of the distribution pattern C. hildmannianus were consistent with areas of endemism for other taxa of SDTF. The events of dispersal and vicariance between SDTF and Rainforests may be related to paleoclimatic changes during glacial periods of the Quaternary, promoting events shrinkage /expansion in these forests. Understanding these patterns in the biogeographic history of natural populations may aid future conservation plans this biome in South America.


Various types of saccadic paradigms, in particular, Prosaccade and Antisaccade tests are widely used in Pathophysiology and Psychology. Despite been widely used, there has not been a standard tool for processing and analyzing the eye tracking data obtained from saccade tests. We describe an open-source software for extracting and analyzing the eye movement data of different types of saccade tests that can be used to extract and compare participants' performance and various task-related measures across participants. We further demonstrate the utility of the software by using it to analyze the data from an antisaccade, and a recent distractor experiment.


[ 3 H]-Cyclosporin A labeled at the first amino acid ([ω- 3 H-MeBmt 1 ]CS) has been prepared by tritium gas hydrogenolysis of [O-acetyl-ω-bromo-MeBmt 1 ]CS followed by deprotection with methanolic sodium methoxide. The requisite bromo intermediate was prepared by bromination of [O-acetyl-MeBmt 1 ]CS with N-bromosuccinimide. After synthesis and purification, 2.45 mg of [ω 3 H-MeBmt 1 ]CS with a total activity of 327 MBq were produced with a radiochemical purity >97 %, and specific activity of 160 GBq/mmol (4.3 Ci/mmol).


A number of specific heat (Cm) anomalies were reported in Ce and related compounds around 1K which cannot be associated to usual phase transitions despite of their trivalent ground state (GS). Instead of a jump in Cm(T ) a significant tail in Cm(T )/T , showing a power law thermal dependence, characterizes those systems above the temperature of the maximum (Tmax). The comparison of their respective entropy gains (Sm(T )) indicates that about 70% of Rln2 is condensed at T > Tmax like in exemplary spin-ice systems. Such a large amount of entropy arises from a significant increase of the density of low energy excitations reflected in the divergent Cm(T )/T dependence at low temperature.


Occurrence of drought events leads to water resources imbalance within a river basin. However, information on drought episodes for most basins such as Tana River basin in Kenya is limited. Due to the critical role of drought forecasting in early warning system and water resources planning and management, this paper presents the performance of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Effective Drought index (EDI) in drought forecasting using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for upper Tana River basin. The forecasting was conducted using various combinations of the past precipitation as input into the SPI and EDI functions in the proceeding forecasts. Numerous ANNs model architectures of SPI and EDI for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24-months lead times were assessed for precipitation data from Mwea Irrigation and Agricultural Development (MIAD) Centre within the upper Tana River basin. The models were calibrated and validated using the correlation coefficient (R), Root-Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). It was concluded that the optimum models forecast for EDI were found to be superior to SPI values with correlation coefficient (R) values ranging from 0.821 to 0.51 and 0.795 to 0.57 respectively for a 6months lead time drought forecasting. The resulting forecasts of the Indices and ANNs models can be applied for timely drought early warning systems, water resources management and irrigation scheduling in upper Tana River basin.


Objective:To evaluate the effects and toxicity of brucine(B)versus brucine lipo- some(BL)against transplant tumor growth.Methods:ICR male mice(18~22 g)were inoculated hep- atocarcinoma Heps cells.The Heps mice were randomly administered with B(1.61,3.23 or 6.46 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),ip)or BL(1.61 or 3.23 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)in B weight,ip)for 8 days.The effectiveness was assessed based on tumor inhibitory ratio and survive time of mice with transplant Heps tumors.The toxici- ty was evaluated by measurements of the mice weight,immune organ weight,blood cell index(leuko- cyte,erythrocyte,platelet,and hemachrome protein,and hepatic function index(ALT and AST)and renal function index(BUN)of the Heps mice.Results:The B and BL showed an inhibition rate of 35.05%(1.61 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),43.70%(3.23 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))and 46.09%(6.46 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))versus 45.41%(1.61 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))and 58.19%(3.23 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),respectively,against Heps tumor growth.B and BL were found no significant difference in the prolongation of the life of Heps mice.B and BL enhanced the mice weight and immune organ index and improve the blood cell index and hepatic/re- nal function index.Conclusion:The brucine liposome was more superior and less toxic to bucine in the inhibition of tumor growth in Heps mice,suggesting that it is worthy to have a further investigation to con- firm its anticancer activities.


Local decision makers and citizens can make use of EPA tools for interacting with and learning about their local environments with tools that include green apps, My Environment, the National Stormwater Calculator, EPEAT, and EnvirFacts.


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To reduce computational complexity and delay in randomized network coded content distribution (and for some other practical reasons), coding is not performed simultaneously over all content blocks but over much smaller subsets known as generations. A penalty is throughput reduction. We model coding over generations as the coupon collector's brotherhood problem. This model enables us to theoretically compute the expected number of coded packets needed for successful decoding of the entire content, as well as a bound on the probability of decoding failure, and further, to quantify the tradeoff between computational complexity and throughput. Interestingly, with a moderate increase in the generation size, throughput quickly approaches link capacity. As an additional contribution, we derive new results for the generalized collector's brotherhood problem which can also be used for further study of many other aspects of coding over generations.


ABSTRACT This article explores the Labour Party's Inquiry and subsequent expulsion hearings in Liverpool between 1985 and 1986. For Labour, the entrism and influence of the Militant Tendency within both Liverpool City Council and Liverpool District Labour Party led to a widespread inquiry into local procedures and practices which resulted in the expulsion of nine prominent members in 1986. This article argues that the Inquiry and expulsion hearings were key events in not only breaking the hold of Militant on Liverpool City Council, but also in the realignment of Labour's left into 'hard' and 'soft' factions at a national level.


This essay has the purpose of exposing the studies on the paper by R. Brown, quoted on the references, and on the concepts necessary to the comprehension of it. Among the main concepts and preliminary results discussed, we can cite: topology of function spaces, homotopy theory, ANR compact spaces, Euler characteristic of a compact ANR, Lefschetz theorem, fiber spaces, and field paths. The main results discussed in the text are the central theorems presented on Brown's paper: every compact topological n-manifold admits a path field with at most one singularity, and a compact orientable topological n-manifold M admits a nonsingular path field if and only if the Euler characteristic of M is zero. We also discussed their consequences on fixed point theory.


Retrieval of retracted zone 1, 2, and 3 flexor tendons without a proximal incision can occasionally lead to excessive tendon trauma or injury to neurovascular structures. To determine if endoscopic flexor tendon retrieval is a reliable, reproducible technique, 34 zone 2 flexor tendon lacerations were created in four cadaveric hands (2 male; 2 female). The tendons were retracted proximally an average of 4.3 ± 1.9 cm (range, 2–10 cm) through a separate transverse wrist incision. A 2.5-mm flexible endoscope was introduced into the distal tendon sheath, and all transected tendons (N = 34) were clearly visualized. Thirty-two tendons (94%) were retrieved endoscopically by using either a loop snare or grasping forceps. Two tendons (6%) in a small female hand could not be retrieved endoscopically. This minimally invasive technique may be an alternative to the blind grasping maneuvers, proximal incision extensions, and counter-incisions in the palm.


The electron impact excitation of propadiene (allene) has been studied experimentally at impact energies of 20, 40, and 60 eV and scattering angles from 6° to 80°. Two transitions with maxima at 4.28 and 4.89 eV are identified as singlet --> triplet excitations. The magnitude of the splitting between these transitions is a measure of the interaction between the two perpendicular pi molecular orbitals. The significance of these triplet excited states in the interpretation of previous electronic energy transfer experiments and sensitized photochemical studies is briefly discussed. Two very weak transitions are observed between 5.0 and 6.5 eV. The angular dependence of the corresponding cross sections indicates that these are spin-allowed but symmetry-forbidden transitions. A weak singlet --> singlet transition is seen with a maximum at 6.74 eV. This feature has also been optically observed and attributed to an electric dipole-allowed χ 1A1-->1 1E transition. This assignment is discussed in the light of the present results. The first strong transition, the χ 1A1-->1 1B2 pi-->pi* transition, appears with a maximum at 7.24 eV. Higher energy-loss features between 7.95 and 10 eV probably involve excitations to Rydberg states. A previously unreported transition to a superexcited state is observed with a maximum at 11.25 eV.


Joint estimation of direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) in bistatic multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a powerful technique for target localization. However, in the scenario of large arrays in which the numbers of array elements and observations are on the same order of magnitude, the sample covariance matrix cannot directly replace the statistical covariance matrix. In this paper, we propose two robust DOA and DOD estimation algorithms based on improved 2D-Capon estimators for MIMO radar with large arrays. The sample covariance matrix of the array received signals is modified by diagonal loading technique, and then the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the diagonally loaded covariance matrix are accurately estimated utilizing Stieltjes transform and random matrix theory (RMT). Finally, two improved 2D-Capon estimators are derived to obtain robust performance of DOD and DOA estimation. The simulation shows that the improved algorithms can estimate angles more accurately than the traditional 2D-Capon algorithm in large dimension regime.


The celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History marks an epoch in the history of the Negro. This undertaking was the first systematic effort of the Negro to treat the records of the race scientifically and to publish the findings to the world. Up to that time no organization with the scientific objective and a program to attain this end had been able to function efficiently along this line in the United States. Here and there efforts had been made, but they were never sufficiently supported to achieve any definite purpose and appear in history mainly as recollections of things attempted. Even after this organization was launched few of the members were anxious to assume any pecuniary responsibility and therefore urged further delay before undertaking to carry out the program. The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History was organized in Chicago by Carter G. Woodson on September 9, 1915, with the assistance of four other persons, George Cleveland Hall, W. B. Hartgrove, J. E. Stamps, and A. L. Jackson. The meeting was brief. Everyone seemed to be in perfect agreement with the proposal, the short constitution reported was adopted, and the undertaking was launched twenty-five years ago at this first meeting which left the following brief record of its proceedings: 9/9/15 A meeting called by Dr. Woodson for the purpose of considering definite plans for the organization of a society, which should publish a magazine devoted to the study of the Negro, was held in the office of the Executive Secretary of the Wabash Avenue Department of the Chicago Y.M.C.A. Those present were C. G. Woodson, G. C. Hall, A. L. Jackson, W. B. Hartgrove, and J. E. Stamps. Dr. Hall was elected temporary chairman, J. E. Stamps, temporary secretary. The proposed constitution was read, and after alterations adopted. A permanent organization was formed, and the following


Of 23 species (nine families) of Central American fishes examined, nine (eight physostomes, one physoclist) did not reduce buoyancy by decreasing swim-bladder volume when current was encountered. T...


Participation in a doctoral program cohort significantly increases the chances for the successful completion of the course of studies for all members of the cohort. After examining the concept of the cohort and the current research literature, the author shares her experiences in the Ed. D., Instructional Leadership program at Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, Connecticut. ********** While some students are able to follow a linear track--bachelors to masters to doctorate--most travel a jagged, convoluted path to earning a doctorate. Financial, family, and other considerations present roadblocks and detours. As a result, individuals often renew their educational pursuits after years of absence from the academic environment. A lifelong desire to learn, an advanced degree as a necessity of personal advancement, the improvement and updating of existing skills, the understanding of how new technologies can enhance one's abilities are just a few of the reasons individuals return to school for a post graduate degree. Opportunities abound, and more and more individuals are taking advantage of them. Many cannot afford to leave their job and return to school full-time. As a result, students are seeking programs that focus on evening, weekend, and online studies, specialized conferences and workshops, and a curriculum that offers the academic, emotional, and financial support that is essential to help them complete their educational goals. More and more master-level and doctorate programs are turning to the educational cohort concept to achieve these goals. The cohort model consists of a group of individuals organized to follow a common course of studies in pursuit of a masters or doctoral degree. A cohort maximizes available faculty and provides an integral part of personal and professional support for members. The research suggests that a cohort model increases the number of individuals who complete their degrees and provides a higher rate of continued interaction among members over the lifetime of their professional careers. Bess (1978) noted that the basic attitude in most academic institutions is that the faculty members are responsible for the development of the scholary life of the students, while their social development is left up to the students. The study cited that such attitudes influence program completion adversely, and clarified that "faculty can have effects on student development in both cognitive and affective domains" (p. 290). The study pointed out the significance of the relationship between the faculty members and students. The cohort model allows for direct communication and socialization between faculty, students, and members of the other cohorts. Socialization within the cohort leads to more feelings of inclusion, mutual respect, support and understanding. Research on the Cohort Model To be a successful post graduate student is a challenging endeavor that typically includes tremendous amounts of reading, theory and research articulation, sophisticated writing, rigorous research, and learning with colleagues in a variety of educational situations. "Doctoral students have to tread these unknown and challenging areas of their academic potential while being plagued by loneliness, isolation, confusion, stress, excessive workloads, and tight finances" (Hadjioannou, et al., 2007, p. 4). Doctoral work is especially challenging, stretching the emotions, minds, stamina, and finances of the student. "Doctoral degree work is distinctly different from any other kind of academic pursuit" (Hawley, 1993, as cited in Hadjioannou, et al., p. 4). Recent research conducted by all and Kohun (2006), reports an estimate of a 50 percent dropout rate at various stages of doctoral programs. In a four-year longitudinal study that followed 79 doctoral students of various disciplines from two different institutions, Austin (2002)addressed the question of whether graduate schools prepared their students adequately for academic careers. …


Objective: To explore the mechanism of Qili Xiaoying decoction on NOD. H-2h4mice with autoimmune thyroiditis( AIT) in view of CD4+T cell subsets. Method: Sixty SPF NOD. H-2h4mice were randomly divided into four groups,the normal control group( NC),the model control group( MC),the Qili Xiaoying decoction group( ZY1,20. 8 g·kg- 1) and the 3 times dose of Qili Xiaoying decoction group( ZY3, 62. 4 g·kg- 1). The NC group received sterile water,and the others were administrated with 0. 05% NaI for 8 weeks to induce AIT. All mice were sacrificed at the time point of giving treatment factors for 8 weeks. The serum triiodothyronine( TT3) and thyroxine( TT4) were detected by RIA method, the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone( TSH) by IRMA. Thyrocyte morphology was observed under optical microscopy. Immunohistochemistry staining was conducted to analyze the expression of INF-γ and IL-4. The expression of INF-γ mRNA and IL-4 mRNA in NOD. H-2h4mice thyroid was detected by Real-time( RT)-PCR,and the Foxp3 expressions in the NOD. H-2h4mice thyroid were determined by Western blot. Result: ① No apparent differences among every group in serum TT3, TT4 and TSH were found. ② Lymphocytic infiltration could be found by HE staining, AIT occurrence rate of MC was obviously higher than the NC( P 0. 01). ③ Compared with the NC group, expression of INF-γ mRNA,IL-4 mRNA and protein in the MC decreased markedly( P 0. 01); compared to the MC,the protein expression of INF-γ and IL-4 both in ZY1 and ZY3 were increased( respectively P 0. 01, P 0. 05). The expression of INF-γ mRNA and IL-4 mRNA in ZY1 and ZY3 were also increased remarkably( P 0. 01). ④ The protein expressions of Foxp3 in the MC declined markedly compared with the NC( P 0. 01); the Foxp3 expression in ZY1 and ZY3 ascended remarkably compared with the MC( P 0. 01). Conclusion: The therapeutic mechanism of Qili Xiaoying decoction on NOD. H-2h4with AIT may be related to influencing the cell subsets of Th1,Th2,Treg by up-regulating the expression of INF-γ,IL-4 and Foxp3.


Objective:To study the effects of Fuganling(FGL) in Anti-Duck Hepatitis B Virus(DHBV).Methods:A total of 30 Beijing's one-day-old duck were used,they were given the DHBV-positive serum via intravenous injection to establish the model of duck Hepatitis B Virus and then they were randomly divided into 3 groups:the FGL group,control group and Lamivudine group.The duck of FGL group were given treatment of FGL orally at doses of 0.5 g/kg(low-dosage),1.0 g/kg(middle-dosage),and 2.0g/kg(high-dosage),twice a day,for 10 days,then the blood of ducks were collected before medication,and at the 5th,10th day after medication,and the 3th day after stope medication.The level of serum DHBV-DNA were detected,and the inhibition rates of duck serum DHBV-DNA were calculateted.The ducks of control group and Lamivudine group were given NS and Lamivudine.Results:The level of serum DHBV-DNA in FGL group with high-dosage decreased remarkably on the 5th,10th day after medication,and the 3th day after stope medication,and the inhibition rates of duck serum DHBV-DNA increased significantly,Compared to the control group the difference was of Significance(P﹤0.01);the level of serum DHBV-DNA in FGL group with middle-dosage decreased obviously on the 10th day after medication,and the 3th day after stope medication,the inhibition rates of duck serum DHBV-DNA increased obviously,there was significant difference Compared to the control group(P﹤0.01),but there was no difference compared to Lamivudine group.The level of serum DHBVDNA and the inhibition rates of duck serum DHBV-DNA had no obvious change in the different times in FGL group with low-dosage.Conclussion:FGL with high-dosage and middle-dosage had remarkably effect in anti-duck hepatitis B virus within duck body.


Several recently devised machine learning (ML) algorithms have shown improved accuracy for various predictive problems. Model searches, which explore to find an optimal ML algorithm and hyperparameter values for the target problem, play a critical role in such improvements. During a model search, data scientists typically use multiple ML implementations to construct several predictive models; however, it takes significant time and effort to employ multiple ML implementations due to the need to learn how to use them, prepare input data in several different formats, and compare their outputs. Our proposed framework addresses these issues by providing simple and unified coding method. It has been designed with the following two attractive features: i) new machine learning implementations can be added easily via common interfaces between the framework and ML implementations and ii) it can be scaled to handle large model configuration search spaces via profile-based scheduling. The results of our evaluation indicate that, with our framework, implementers need only write 55-144 lines of code to add a new ML implementation. They also show that ours was the fastest framework for the HIGGS dataset, and the second-fastest for the SECOM dataset.


The silkworm variety Guican 3 was introduced and tested at three different elevation areas in Spring and Autumn, 2003, and in Spring and Summer, 2004 for investigating its adaptability and economical characters. The results show that the (economical) characters and cocoon yield of Guican 3 are better than those of 871×872 silkworm variety in different silkworm areas, and its cocoon yield per sheet egg is up to 40 kg. Guican 3 is suitable for raising in Bijie prefecture.


Adventitious buds on embryos of Picea abies (L.) Karst. developed after a pulse treatment with 250 μM benzyladenine (BA) of pH 5.5 for 2 h. Light and temperature regimes were not critical during the initial stages. Adventitious buds developed faster after a pulse treatment and the variation among different experiments was lower compared to when the embryos were cultured on media supplemented with BA. Various stages of the differentiation of adventitious buds were identified: stage 1 - appearance of meristematic centres (approximately the first two weeks); stage 2 - development of adventitious bud primordia (approximately the third week); stage 3 - adventitious bud development (from approximately the 4th to the 8th week). This system may be used for further studies on bud differentiation.


The present study examined the relation between crawling experience and mother-infant attachment. Sixty-nine mothers with babies aged 8 ~ 9 monthes were interviewed with standardized procedures in the laboratory. The results indicated: (1) There was significant difference on separation sensitivity between prelocomotors and locomotors with 4-week crawling experience, and no significant difference between prelocomotors and locomotors with more than 4-week crawling experience. (2) among 8-month-old group, there were significant differences on their being close to mother forwardly and separation sensitivity between locomotors and prelocomotors; among the 9-month group, there was not significant difference between locomotors and prelocomotors, which indicated that the relation between crawling experience and mother-infant attachment was specific to a certain age period.


The present study focuses on the combination of a hydrologic simulation model and a climate reanalysis system for the estimation of a watershed's hydrologic characteristics, mainly stream flow, which will help in small hydropower plant's placement decision making. The SWAT semi distributed hydrologic model in the form of ArcSWAT extension for ArcMap, was used for running a series of hydraulic simulations of Ekaterini's stream watershed for extracting average monthly and annual streamflow data in each one delineated sub-watershed outlets by SWAT. Because of the lack of a weather station close to the study area with the adequate climatic data, weather parameter's time series generated by the global climate model Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) were used as inputs for the SWAT model. The results of the simulation show a realistic prediction regarding the produced streamflow data in many predefined selection points within the whole watershed.


A quiet time galactic component, Gq, of the geomagnetic field variations has been extracted from observatory data of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and Honolulu, Hawaii, for the quiet sun years of 1965 and 1966. In the search for this effect, days of active solar-terrestrial disturbances ere excluded, and the contributions of the solar quiet current (Sq) and the lunar tidal current (L) were first removed. Nighttime data show the Gq most effectively as a 1.5-gamma variation that is diurnal in H with an increase at about 2200 sidereal time (SiT). The D and Z sidereal variations are less clear in the present data sample