Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematological cancers subdivided into entities with distinct clinical features. Somatic mutations in JAK2, CALR, and MPL have been described as drivers of the disease, together with a variable landscape of non-driver mutations. Despite detailed knowledge of disease mechanisms, targeted therapies effective enough to eliminate MPN cells are still missing. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively characterize in 113 MPN patients the mutational landscape of the granulocyte transcriptome using RNA-seq data and subsequently examine the applicability of immunotherapeutic strategies for MPN patients. Following implementation of customized workflows and data filtering, we identified a total of 13 (12/13 novel) gene fusions, 231 non-synonymous SNVs, and 21 Indels in 106/113 patients. We found a high frequency of SF3B1 mutated PMF patients (14%) with distinct 3' splicing patterns, many of these with a protein altering potential. Finally, from all mutations detected, we generated a virtual peptide library and used NetMHC to predict 149 unique neoantigens in 62% of MPN patients. Peptides from CALR and MPL mutations provide a rich source of neoantigens due to their unique property to bind many common MHC class I molecules. Finally, we propose that mutations derived from splicing defects present in SF3B1 mutated patients may offer an unexplored neoantigen repertoire in MPN. We validated 35 predicted peptides to be strong MHC class I binders through direct binding of predicted peptides to MHC proteins in vitro. Our results may serve as a resource for personalized vaccine or adoptive cell-based therapy development.


10 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS The relationship between efficiency and income equality is an old topic, but Lewis (1954) and Kuznets (1955) was the earlier literature that systemically discussed income inequality in the process of economic development. This chapter will review previous literatures and divide them into three categories: (i) the effect of economic growth on income inequality, (ii) the effect of income inequality on economic growth and (iii) the situation of China's inequality.


We investigate the expression of natural numbers in any base from a quantum point of view. In particular, resorting to the one-to-one correspondence between natural numbers and Fock states, we construct a set of multiboson operators and a set of translation operators, whose action on the Fock states leads to the coefficients identifying a natural number in any base.


As the central concept in early modern Calvinism, predestination has played a historiographical role in much of Dutch history. In The First Modern Economy , Jan de Vries and his co-author, Ad van der Woude, present the geography of the Netherlands not as a static structure but rather as a dynamic agent in economic change. In modern times, construction tends to be a sensitive barometer to the winds of economic fortune, and the same was the case in early modern Europe. In The First Modern Economy , de Vries and van der Woude cite flexible labor markets as one of the key 'modern' foundations of Dutch economic infrastructure. De Vries suggests that the industrious revolution had important consequences for the history of women, as a greater reliance on the market for goods freed women for work outside of the home. Keywords: Europe; Jan de Vries; The First Modern Economy


lems in the forecasting of future affective states. In J. P. Forgas (Ed.), Feeling and Thinking: The Role of Affect in Social Cognition (pp. 178–197). New York: Cambridge University Press. Halberstadt, J. B. (2003). The paradox of emotion attribution: Explanation biases perceptual memory for emotional expressions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 197–201. Halberstadt, J. (in press). Featural shift in explanation-biased memory for emotional faces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Halberstadt, J. B., & Niedenthal, P. M. (2001). Effects of Emotion Concepts on Perceptual Memory for Emotional Expressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 587-598. Houser, T., Fiore, S. M., & Schooler, J. W. (2003). Verbal overshadowing of music memory: What happens when you describe that tune? Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh. Lewin, K. (1951). Selected theoretical papers. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Field Theory in Social Science (pp. XX–XX). New York: Harper & Row. Melcher, J. M., & Schooler, J. W. (1996). The misremembrance of wines past: Verbal and perceptual expertise differentially mediate verbal overshadowing of taste memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 231–245. Schooler, J. W. (2002). Verbalization produces a transfer-inappropriate processing shift. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 989–997. Schooler, J. W., & Engstler-Schooler, T. Y. (1990). Verbal overshadowing of visual memories: Some things are better left unsaid. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 36–71. Springer, S. P., & Deutsch, G. (1993). Left brain, right brain. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co. Van Boven, L., Dunning, D., & Loewenstein, G. (2000). Egocentric empathy gaps between owners and buyers: Misperceptions of the endowment effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 66–76. Valentine, T. (1988). Upside-down faces: A review of the effect of inversion upon face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 79, 471–491.


Twenty five constituents were identified by GC MS analysis of essential loils from. Thymus vulgaris. The main compounds identified were carvacrol (55,2%),γ-terpinene (12,6%), p-cymene (9,3%), linalol (3,9%) and α-terpinene (2,8%). The obtained Essential oils exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities against S.P. Sterptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Klebscila and condidat albicans


– miR-10a-5p and miR-423-3p – were then measured in a large-scale general population. Thus, circulating miR423-3p was found to improve the prediction of primary CAD outcomes on the basis of a traditional risk factor model. The miRNAs constitute a class of small non-coding RNAs that inhibit protein expression by base pairing with complementary sequences located within the 3′ untranslated region of target mRNAs.2–4 miRNAs circulate in the blood stream enclosed in small vesicles called exosomes.5,6 Thus, I n this issue of the Journal, Wang et al demonstrate that circulating microRNA (miRNA; miR)-423-3p can improve the prediction of primary coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes on the basis of a traditional risk factor model in the general population.1 First, they screened miRNA candidates to distinguish CAD from healthy controls using serum from patients with CAD and from control subjects. They utilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from control participants and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) treated with or without hypoxia to improve the specificity for screening. Next, the qualifying candidate miRNAs were measured in different samples collected from other hospitals, and the most reproducible Article p ????


The endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in regulating emotionality and social behaviour, however it is unknown whether this system plays a role in symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders. The current study evaluated if alterations in the endocannabinoid system accompany behavioural changes in the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. Adolescent rats prenatally exposed to VPA exhibited impaired social investigatory behaviour, hypoalgesia and reduced lococmotor activity on exposure to a novel aversive arena. Levels of the endocananbinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) in the hippocampus, frontal cortex or cerebellum were not altered in VPAversus saline-exposed animals. However, the expression of mRNA for diacylglycerol lipase , the enzyme primarily responsible for the synthesis of 2-AG, was reduced in the cerebellum of VPA-exposed rats. Furthermore, while the expression of mRNA for the 2-AG-catabolising enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase was reduced, the activity of this enzyme was increased, in the hippocampus of VPA-exposed animals. CB1 or CB2 receptor expression was not altered in any of the regions examined, however VPA-exposed rats exhibited reduced PPAR and GPR55 expression in the frontal cortex and PPAR and GPR55 expression in the hippocampus, additional receptor targets of the endocannabinoids. Furthermore, tissue levels of the fatty acid amide hydrolase substrates, AEA, oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide, were higher in the hippocampus of VPA-exposed rats immediately following social exposure. These data indicate that prenatal VPA exposure is associated with alterations in the brain's endocannabinoid system and support the hypothesis that endocannabinoid dysfunction may underlie behavioural abnormalities observed in autism spectrum disorders. Abbreviations: 2-AG, 2-arachidonyl glycerol; AEA, anandamide; DAGL, iacylglycerol lipase; FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase; GPR55, G proteinoupled receptor 55; MAGL, monoacylglycerol lipase; NAPE-PLD, N-acyl phoshatidylethanolamine phospholipase D; OEA, N-oleoylethanolamide; PEA, Nalmitoylethanolamide; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; VPA, alproic acid. ∗ Corresponding author at: Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of reland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland. Tel.: +353 91 495427; ax: +353 91 494544. E-mail address: email@example.com (M. Roche). 166-4328/$ – see front matter © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.043 © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


We propose a cost effective deployment of Third Generation (3G) Wireless systems, and Wireless LANs (WLANs) over Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) CATV networks. WLANs and 3G networks are viewed as two wireless data technologies that complement each other in different environments. The main goal is to facilitates 3G/WLAN integration over the existing CATV plant, and reduce the huge cost for building a dedicated last mile infrastructure for 3G and W L A N access networks. For example, the last mile infrastructure cost for 3G systems accounts for more than 20% of a 3G system total cost. This is a major cost considering the tens of billions of dollars to be invested in 3G networks world-wide. Our proposal reduces the last mile cost by sharing the existing CATV network, and using the standard equipment and protocols of Data-Over-Cable Systems Interface Specifications (DOCSIS). This allows rapid deployment of wireless data systems, facilitates convergence of wireless and wireline networks, and paves the way towards all IP wireless networks. Special features and enhancements to DOCSIS Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol must be implemented in order to support Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for Wireless users' data and signalling traffic. First, we conduct a traffic study for estimating the wireless data traffic loads in different geographical areas. We use the results of this study to ensure that CATV networks have adequate capacity for supporting wireless data users in addition to the existing services like C A T V broadcasting and high-speed Internet access. The traffic study results are also used for mapping wireless network elements to an HFC CATV network. Second, we define a network architecture for deploying 3G systems over HFC networks. We identify the required components and functionalities for 3G over HFC deployment. Rather than


Four new t haplotypes, t Tu1 through t Tu4 , are described, three of them derived from the t w12 tf haplotype and one ( t Tu4 ) from the t w2 haplotype. The t Tu1 and t Tu4 haplotypes cause taillessness in T/t Tu1 or T/t Tu4 heterozygotes, lack the lethality factor, weakly suppress recombination in the T−H−2 interval, and are transmitted to offspring from t Tu / + males at nearly Mendelian ratios. The t Tu3 haplotype resembles t Tu1 and t Tu4 except for the fact that the T/t Tu3 heterozygotes have normal-length tails. The t Tu2 haplotype probably carries the lethal factor of t Tu12 tf , suppresses crossing-over in the T-H-2 and tf-H-2 intervals, and displays a slightly subnormal transmission ratio. In the compound heterozygote t Tu1 /t Tu2 , the male transmission ratio of the t Tu1 chromosome is close to that of the original t Tu12 tf haplotype. A similar effect is observed in the t Tu3 /t Tu2 heterozygote. This observation is interpreted as evidence for two regions within the t complex controlling the male transmission ratios. One of the regions is close to the tail-modifying region, the other is close to the lethality factor. Our findings parallel closely those made in the segregation distorter system in Drosophila .


In regard to the current innovation on multi-dimensional learning systems in industrial era 4.0, teachers and educators worldwide strive for students to have a strong foundation in mastering English, one of which is speaking skills.  Teachers help students build self-confidence and provide innovative technology that enables them to practice and focus on their own unique needs outside the classroom. There are alternatives to bring these goals into reality: first is to create a positive, fun learning environment both at school and at home. Second, to provide new experiences for students to directly interact with foreigners who teach and use English as their first language. This research investigatesstudents' speaking skills in the lower-class group of elementary school (28 second graders, aged seven to eight years old). The study also thoroughly explored how foreign teachers' fun activities during classroom hours can affect students' speaking. In order to find answers to the research problems, simple conversation to test the speaking ability was conducted. After the test, the teacher helped students fill out a questionnaire to know their perception of learning with foreign teachers and their opinion on doing interactive games and outdoor activities during classroom-hour. The speaking ability of the second graders in SD Negeri Jember Lor 3 is sufficient, and they can pronounce some vocabularies correctly and conduct simple conversations with foreigners. The adequate mastery of the conversation may be following the pattern of various determinants, especially factors concerning the help from foreign teachers who model pronunciation, sentence stress, grammar, intonation, and vocabulary in a valid and veritable accent.


As we known, the technique of cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) had been frequently employed to evaluate the project plan for most enterprises until now. However, the organization architecture is seldom been mentioned since performing CBA technique. However, the modelling applications will not include all information. Besdies, for most managers, if they can early obatin more information about the cost investment or if they can predict the possible benefit at the initial stage of analysis, they can make the suitable decision-making. In this article, we will employ the artificial intelligence (AI) technique to construct a cost/benefit and benefit/cost prediction model. An illustrative example is then employed to demonstrate the rationality and the feasibility for the proposed procedure.


A flange (24) is provided on the perimeter of a metal cap (21). A wire (25) is formed in a ring shape and disposed on the lower surface of the flange (24). Preferably, the wire (25) is tack-welded to the lower surface of the flange (24). The wire (25) used has a melting point in the range of -150 DEG C to +150 DEG C with respect to the melting points of the metal cap (21) and the metal base (22). The flange (24) of the metal cap (21) is placed on the metal base (22) with the wire (25) interposed therebetween. Then, an electric current is passed between the flange (24) of the metal cap (21) and the metal base (22) to melt the wire (25) and resistance-weld the flange (24) to the metal base (22).


To evaluate the effects of CD59 gene in occurrence and development of atherosclerosis with presence of C-phycocyanin(CPC),40 mice with ApoE gene deletion(ApoE-/-) recruited were randomly divided into four groups: control group,CPC treated group,CD59 treated group and CPC+CD59 treated group.All mice fed on high-fat diet,and were treated with drug intervention respectively.At the end of the 12th week,CD59 mRNA level was determined by RT-PCR,and CD59 protein expression was detected by Western blot.Blood fat levels of mice were also determined,and aortic roots were taken out for observing the degree of atherosclerotic plaques formation.We found that both CPC and CD59 gene could lower blood fat level and inhibit atherosclerosis formation,and the combination of CD59 gene and CPC could more effective.In addition,CPC could promote the CD59 mRNA and protein expression,thus further inhibit the progress of atherosclerosis,which might be the mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis roles of CPC.


We consider a Stratonovich heat equation in $(0,1)$ with a nonlinear multiplicative noise driven by a trace-class Wiener process. First, the equation is shown to have a unique mild solution. Secondly, convolutional rough paths techniques are used to provide an almost sure continuity result for the solution with respect to the solution of the 'smooth' equation obtained by replacing the noise with an absolutely continuous process. This continuity result is then exploited to prove weak convergence results based on Donsker and Kac-Stroock type approximations of the noise.


We report a child with facial dysmorphic features, hypoplasia of the external genitalia, intestinal malrotation, congenital cardiac defect, and minor limb anomalies. Chromosome studies showed a recombinant chromosome 7, rec(7) dup p, resulting from a maternal pericentric inversion inv(7)(p15 q36). Thus, this child had partial trisomy 7p in addition to a small distal monosomy 7. The clinical findings are compared with those found in previous reports of trisomy 7p. Finally, some general principles for genetic counselling are discussed.


The interaction of the two drugs warfarin and phenylbutazone has previously been considered as a time-optimal control problem with state inequality constraints. We include bounds for the control and show that necessary optimality conditions and junction conditions for bounded state variables lead to boundary value problems with switching and junction conditions. A special version of the multiple-shooting algorithm is employed for solving the different types of boundary value problems. The switching structure of the optimal control is determined for a range of parameters in the state constraint. Owing to the special structure of the control, a state space solution is obtained in a first step which reduces the numerical complexity of the problem. It is shown how the numerical results can be used to compute the generalized gradient of the optimal value function explicitly.


Preliminary information on thc effect of pile irradiation on BeO and BeO- UO/sub 2/ mixtures is presented. Experimental results are briefiy summarized, and proposals for future research are outlined. (J.R.D.)


Temporospatial distribution and trends of thunderstorm, hail, gale and heavy precipitation events over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), as well as the associated mechanisms with observational data from 1979-2016 are investigated, which have not been fully studied under a changing climate. The results indicate that thunderstorm, hail and gale events over the whole TP show significant decreasing trends, while heavy precipitation events have an insignificant increasing trend. The southeast (SE) and central south (SC) subregions have obvious significant decreasing trends in thunderstorm, hail and gale events, while the northeast (NE) subregion has a significant increasing trend in heavy precipitation events. It is found that the atmospheric circulation anomaly caused by the northwestern Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) should be responsible for these changes. A strong wave train triggered by the northwestern Atlantic SST anomaly propagates from the northern Atlantic to East Asia through Europe, and induces a more upper-level warming over the TP and an anomalous anticyclonic circulation near the Lake Baikal, resulting in more stable atmosphere and blocking effect, which forces the mid-latitude westerlies and associated cold air to shift poleward. The weakened cold air advection over the TP decreases the baroclinic instability and convection initiation, and finally causes the significant decreasing trends in severe weather events. On the other hand, the enhanced easterly winds in the southern flank of the anticyclonic circulation can significantly increase the water vapor flux from the eastern boundary of the TP and heavy precipitation events in the NE subregion.


The article considers hidden causal factors of a medical nature (in the form of pathogens of bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal infections, as well as parasitic diseases) that cannot be detected by visual examination of the subject and require additional laboratory research methods. The necessity of taking into account such factors and the possibility of identifying them is shown for a more objective forensic examination of sexual offenses.


The rapid growth of science and technology in the era of globalization is resulting in changes to the circumstances in all areas. Interactive Jobsheet utilization in the lab performed as learning innovation efforts to improve students' level of proficiency in performing lab work correctly, different learning styles, accompanied jobsheet that uses a computer in a way that will easily evoke the spirit of the students in learning, improving students' attention to the subject material and to improve the effectiveness in implementing practical. Research using quantitative descriptive method with the subject is the first class of Aircfraft Eelectronic at Vocational High School 12 Bandung, with a population sample of 32 students. Data was collected through questionnaires, multiple-choice objective test and lab test. Data processing is performed by calculating the linearity test and the significance of regression, correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007. The results of the calculations provide an overview of how the questionnaire responses of students in the interactive jobsheet utilization, while the objective test and lab tests showed the level of mastery and student learning outcomes. The results of the calculation of the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination, the response of the students in the Interactive Jobsheet utilization has a positive influence on students' level of proficiency in performing lab. with standard medium / fairly


This study was carried out to investigate the effect of irrigation methods for reducing a drainage on the growth and yield in rockwool (Grodan co.) and cocopeat (chip : dust = 50 : 50 included fiber) culture. The nutrient solution was irrigated by 100 J · cm ?2 -100 mL, 50 J · cm ?2 -45 mL, 50 J · cm ?2 -40 mL, 50 J · cm ?2 -35 mL (100~50 J · cm ?2 -100~35 mL, Nutrient solution 100~35 mL was irrigated per plant when the accumulated radiation was 100~50 J · cm ?2 ). The drain rates per plant of 100-100, 50-45, 50-40, 50-35 were 26.3%, 8.8%, 6% 4.4% and 23.1%, 7.5%, 5% 3.4% in rockwool and cocopeat slabs. The water contents and EC of 100-100 and 50-45 were managed by the 55~70%, 3.0~5.0 dS · m ?1 which were good condition for paprika culture in rockwool and cocopeat slabs, while those of 50-40 and 50-35 were managed by beyond 50%, 4.5~9.5 dS · m ?1 . The plant height, number of branches and leaf size of 100-100 and 50-45 were similarly increased while those of 50-40 and 50-35 were decreased. The fruit size and weight of 50-40 and 50-35 were small and light, while those of 100-100 and 50-45 were similarly big and heavy. The marketable fruits of 100-100 and 50-45 treatments were similarly more by 9.7~9.8 in rockwool and 8.8~8.9 in cocopeat, while the unmarketable fruits, the small and blossom end rot fruits were increased in 50-40 and 50-35 treatments. The yield of 100-100 and 50-45 treatments were similarly high.


The objective is to determine how close an Artificial Intelligence agent is, in comparison to a human player, using only game play images. Identifying Artificial Intelligence agents during game play is typically done through the analysis and collection of bio-metric data, such as keyboard, mouse and other controller interfaces. This document presents a model of an Auto Encoder architecture, with Long Short Term Memory layers. Gradient and Non-Augmented Images have been evaluated and compared. Three distinct personalities of agents are evaluated, human players, a trained Artificial Intelligence agent, and a basic Artificial Intelligence agent. Through testing the Gradient Image augmentation sets present promising results, with the model successfully identifying the human as the closest similarity to the baseline, followed by the trained Artificial Intelligence agent.


This article is a much-shortened version of that which appeared in the Institute of Concrete Technology Yearbook 2001-2 under the heading Milestones in the history of concrete technology. Brooklands motor-racing track represented a major leap forward in concrete technology and its use for major civil engineering works as well as innovation generally.


The detailed plans, strategy, and some sample results from the MMB survey have been described by Green et al. (2009MNRAS.392..783G). In summary, for the present southern sky observations, we first use the Parkes 64-m radio telescope, equipped with a seven-beam receiver, and then complement this with accurate position measurements from the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA).


The stability analysis and control for discrete descriptor systems for the system were investigated using Lyapunov methods. Certain equivalent conditions of the asymptotical stablity were obtained. Related stabilizability topic was also discussed. All results are valid for causal and noncausal descriptor systems. Based on the method,the problems of robust control, H ∞ control and fault control could be investigated.


The protection construction and management status of ecological forest of Yongding District in Zhangjiajie City,which started in the project of forest ecological benefit compensation from 2005 were analyzed.The existing problems and the construction countermeasures of ecological forest were discussed in the paper,to fully promote ecological construction of the comprehensive development to achieve sustainable development of forestry Yongding District.


The following research work aims to present a review of one of the political conditions that have limited the decisions and actions that have been intended to be taken from the Organization of American States in the midst of the democratic, political and institutional crisis that Venezuela is experiencing since the Hugo Chavez's arrival to power; the oil diplomacy, reflected in the relationship of the South American country with Petrocaribe.

Although the Venezuelan democratic rupture has been accentuated since the last five years under the Government of Nicolas Maduro, it is important to understand that Venezuela begins to live a tense political context since the arrival of Hugo Chavez, at which point the political situation of the The Bolivarian Republic has been the subject of discussion in the hemisphere, especially within the institutions of the Region.

That is why, after the analysis of Venezuelan foreign policy and the guidelines established by the Bolivarian government, it is intended to analyze the strategies of oil diplomacy, which served Venezuela, to create a block of countries that could support, on stage of international politics, to the State.


ABSTRACT A systematic evaluation of the susceptibility of all Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital serovars (D through K) to levofloxacin, erythromycin, doxycycline, clarithromycin, and azithromycin was performed. All C. trachomatis serovars had comparable susceptibilities with respect to the various antimicrobials tested, thus confirming the homogeneous data so far obtained regarding the susceptibility of C. trachomatis to antimicrobial agents.


The method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - during the first pass, a storage (4) of the M best coding modes and their coding parameters per macroblock of image, - in the second pass a calculation (3), according to the new quantization step determined by the control algorithm (8) according to the stored parameters, of the M coding modes stored (4), the coding mode minimizing the criterion debit- distortion, to select, - coding (5) depending on the coding mode selectionne.Les applications relate to data compression.


Visibility and invisibility are very meaningful words to the community of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex - LGBTTI. Compose this "alphabet soup" that represents the sex-diverse community means transit, lifelong, between invisibility and visibility. For lesbians and gays be visible implies publicly assume their sexual orientation; for transsexuals, transvestites, transgender and intersex people, visibility is compulsory at some point in their lives, since, unlike sexual orientation, which can be concealed by a lie by omission or by "closet", the identity of Gender is experienced by people "trans" as a stigma that can not be hidden, as with skin color, for black men and women. In this paper will seek to analyze the performance of identities "trans" on the premise that free traffic between genders can not be treated as an issue linked to human sexuality, namely sexual orientation of the subject, but from a gender perspective, which will lead us to understand this issue as a fact linked to identity and not to psychological disorders. Also we analyze the contribution that the principle of fraternity can give to the exercise of such identities, taking into account the fact that freedom and equality (members of the French revolutionary triad) do not lend, isolated in both. With regard to methodology, we opted for the inductive approach method and procedure as the monographic method, using as a data collection technique the literature.


Abstract: Natural tree canopy gaps allow sunlight to penetrate to the forest floor, a major environmental component and resource for many tropical rain-forest species. We compare here how butterflies use sunny areas created by the natural gaps in canopies in comparison with adjacent closed-canopy areas. We chose butterflies as our focal organisms as they are taxonomically tractable and mobile, yet habitat sensitive. Previous studies have shown that butterfly diversity in tropical forests responds to varying degrees of canopy openness. Here we assess butterfly behavioural responses to gaps and equivalent sized closed-canopy patches. Butterfly occupancy time and behaviour were simultaneously observed 61 times in gaps and 61 times in equivalent sized closed-canopy patches across four sites in a tropical rain forest in northern Borneo. Out of the 20 most frequently recorded species, 12 were more frequently recorded or spent more time in gaps, four occurred more frequently in closed-canopy areas, and four showed no significant differences. Overall agonistic, basking, patrolling and resting were more common in gaps compared with the closed canopy. Many butterfly species have complex behavioural requirements for both gaps and closed canopies, with some species using these different areas for different behaviours. Each butterfly species had particular habitat requirements, and needed both canopy gaps and closed canopy areas for ecological and behavioural reasons, emphasizing the need for natural light heterogeneity within these systems.


Designing a framework for evaluating laws, rules and policies within any given legal system is a daunting task. Comprehensive schemes risk ending up as mere paper realities because of the demands they place on evaluators as well as on the addressees of evaluations. More realistic evaluation frameworks on the other hand may not yield many results. The OECD has a long track record of encouraging member countries to deal with 'regulation' in the wider sense of the word in a rationalistic and systematic way. These encouragements tend to involve recommendations, peer reviews, and the use of country surveys in order to establish progress in what the OECD usually calls 'regulatory policy' or 'regulatory management' ('better regulation' in EU parlance and sometimes referred to as 'meta-regulation' in the literature). Recently a new tool has been added. In a move parallel to the EU's efforts to 'complete the regulatory cycle', the OECD has developed a new Framework for Regulatory Policy Evaluation (hereafter referred to as 'Framework').


In recent years, there has been a growing interest in FM-CW (frequency modulated continuous wave) technology for military and civilian applications. FM-CW radar altimeters find applications to detect ground proximity during automatic landing in low-visibility condition, collision avoidance systems in vehicles, and ground penetrating radars for buried object detections such as landmines, pipelines, etc. The development of a low-power L-band and X-band FM-CW radar hardware and design of a third order loop filter for the phase locked loop (PLL) is the main focus of this paper. Results of laboratory trial for the calibration of FMCW radar hardware are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of operation at X band


Delivery device 10 for prosthetic heart valves foldable, a catheter assembly 16 including a shaft 26, compartment 23 is defined around the shaft 26, the compartment 23 is to receive a valve in the assembled state It is constructed, and a catheter assembly 16, a retainer 30 comprising a pusher 32 and the holder 34 configured to hold the stent portion 106 of the valve. The catheter assembly 16 also includes a distal sheath 24 that is adapted to or exposed covering selectively partition 23 and valve. The distal sheath 24, when covering at least the compartments 23, so as to extend around the shaft 26. Pusher 32 is provided with one or more recesses 40 in the retaining edge 33. Each recess 40 is configured to receive a joint 107 at the end of the valve stent section 106. Holder 34 is provided with one or more elongated ribs 50. Each rib 50 is configured to fit within the cell opening 108 of the valve stent section 106.


Femininity is a source of shame for some men and women. Scholarship and therapeutic practice have not reckoned with femininity of its shamefulness in helpful, healing ways. Thus, women and men continue to hide their 'feminine' selves. This book asserts the positive worth and power of femininity for men and women; men's and women's need for validation of their femininity; and the need to create child-rearing and therapeutic practices that achieve incorporation of femininity in men's conscious self-understanding.


Today, verification of industrial size designs like multi-million gate ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and SoC (System-on-a-Chip) processors consumes up to 75% of the design effort. The trend to augment functional verification with formal verification tries to alleviate this problem. Efficient property checking algorithms based on binary decision diagrams (BDDs) and satisfiability (SAT) solvers allow the automatic verification of medium-sized designs. However, the steadily increasing design sizes still leave verification as the major bottleneck, because formal methodologies do not yet scale to very large designs. To address these problems researchers came up with the idea of combining symbolic simulation and bounded model checking on-the-fly. The current tools pioneer in handling comparatively larger designs by partitioning the state set and they can be represented using partitioned ordered BDDs (POBDDs). These partitions will be explored in a divide-and-conquer manner. However, still they face memory exhaustion for very large models due to the BDD explosion problem. Even the SAT based bounded model checking (BMC) can search up to a maximum depth allowed by the physical memory on a single server. These observations motivated the parallelization of symbolic state space traversal algorithms. Distributed algorithms verify larger models and return results faster than sequential versions. Existing schemes for parallelizing BDD-based verification algorithms often suffer from state overlap or duplicate work, cross over states among partitions, inefficient work distribution, improper load balancing, synchronicity and communication overhead. The algorithms concentrate heavily either on reachability (validation) or falsification but not both together. My main contributions include a dynamic overlap reduction and a hybrid distributed algorithms. The dynamic overlap reduction technique smoothens the state space traversal of each network node by removing the state overlap that it suffers from. The removal of overlap works in an asynchronous manner, i.e., with out waiting for other processors to complete their image computations. This method has the natural side effect of dynamic load balancing among network nodes, i.e., the nodes that deal with a large state space at one time point will be later assigned a small state space and vice versa. Since all the nodes perform asynchronous state space traversal on their whole state subsets, the method is best suitable for validation. The hybrid method is an asynchronous distributed algorithm, suited for both fast error detection and complete validation. This approach combineswell known windowing and dynamic overlap reduction techniques. The windowing technique has partitions that are identified by unique combination of variables. Each window restricts its state space at regular intervals to keep the reachable state space within it's window region. The real state space is discriminated by the window as owned and non-owned states. The nodes on the cluster machine are employed with two different types of tasks. Some nodes, windows aim at faster falsification on the basis of the windowing technique. The other type of nodes called helpers are intending for validation on the basis of the dynamic overlap reduction. All the network nodes asynchronously traverse their local state spaces for both error states detection and reachability of a time bound. Thus, the hybrid algorithm efficiently combines both windowing and dynamic overlap reduction techniques to obtain more synergy and gains the advantages of using both the approaches. Further, the algorithm expedites the verification process by reassigning the work to idle nodes as quickly as possible. As a result it avoids the wasted computation power and makes the system work efficient. The dynamic overlap reduction and hybrid algorithms are best suitable for homogeneous system configurations like a cluster. However, this thesis also presents a grid-based parallelization algorithm which is suitable for fast falsification of very large designs. In addition, all the parallel algorithms in this thesis partition the state space using the Minimal overlap algorithm which pioneers in statically minimizing the cross over states or state overlap among the partitions. The parallel algorithms speedup the distributed verification and automatically checks the correctness of very large hardware designs. The distributed computation shows approximately linear speedups in execution time and enables faster verification of properties. As a supplement, this thesis also presents a novel distributed algorithm, which uses mixed forward and backward traversal mechanism for Black Box verification.


Two spontaneous mutants, white eye (w) and yellow larva (y), were isolated and characterized from the Bangalore (southern India) and Poona (western India) strains, respectively, of the malarial mosquito, Anopheles stephensi (Liston) (Diptera: Culicidae). The w mutation is a sex-linked recessive. The second mutant, y, is an autosomal recessive.


Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of sorafenib on hepatic stellate cell viability and activation in the microenvironment of liver tumor.Methods The effects of LX2 cells on HepG2 cell proliferation were observed by coculture of LX2 and HepG2 cells.MTT assay was used to observe the effects of sorafenib on LX2 proliferation,and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was measured immunocytochemically in LX2 cells treated with different concentrations of sorafenib.Changes in PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentrations were detected in LX2 supernatant using ELISA.Expression of ERK1,ERK2,and AKT signaling pathways were measured using Western blot.Furthermore,LX2 cells were cocultured with HepG2 cells for 24 hours to observe their effects on the invasive ability of HepG2 cells.Result After coculture of LX2 and HepG2 cells,HepG2 cells increased in the experimental group more than those of in the control group.After treatment with various concentrations of sorafenib for 12,24,36 or 48 hours,the viability of treated LX2 cells was lower than the controls in a concentration-and time-dependent manner.As sorafenib concentration and time of exposure increased,α-SMA expression became weaker in treated cells.PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentrations decreased with higher sorafenib concentrations and with longer exposure under the same concentration.ERK1,ERK2 and Akt expression was identical between treated and control groups,but their phosphorylated expression decreased with increased concentrations of sorafenib.The invasive ability of HepG2 cells induced by LX2 gradually decreased as sorafenib concentrations increased.Conclusions Sorafenib suppressed α-SMA expression,inhibited PDGF-dependent signaling pathways in HSCs,downregulated PDGF-BB and TGF β1 expression in the supernatant of HSCs,and restrained the viability and activation of HSCs.Sorafenib treatment therefore resulted in suppressed proliferation and invasion of HepG2 cells.

Key words:
Sorafenib;  Hepatocellular carcinoma;  Hepatic stellate cells;  Tumor microenvironment


1J. F. McGowan and L. D. Schmidt, Counseling readings in theory and practice. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1962. 2C. T. Morgan, Psychological Abstracts. American Psychological Association, 35, 1961. 3E. S. Brandenburg, "Wanted-A Predictive Instrument for Evening College Classes" in Objectives and Methods of Research in Adult Education. DuBois, P. H. and Wientge, K. M. Ed., St. Louis, Washington University Press, 1962, pp. 1-6. 4C. O. Houle, The Enquiring Mind. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1961.


This paper was compiled during November 2008. It was a research project that sought out the perspectives of various diverse musicians in Samoa at that time. These musicians included music school instructors, Peace Corps volunteers, Samoan orchestra composers and conductors, traditional Samoan composers, traveled Samoan musicians as well as contemporary Samoan artists. The paper examines how the purposes of music in Samoan society have shifted, altered or changed from traditional times to current‐day Samoa in the face of development, a growing economy and increased contact with outside influences. Although the music of Samoa, its purposes, values, uses and aesthetics have changed, there is still a core "traditional" music of Samoa.  Traditional Samoan music still has a purpose and a function in today's society, but has partially given way to contemporary, externally‐influenced Samoan music in the new age of development, greatly for the purpose of entertainment. At this time, Samoa is at a cultural crossroads, sandwiched between a way of life based on subsistence and its traditional cultural practices, and one based on a budding economy and fashioning itself to existing global cultures. Now, there are many issues in music tied to development such as education, technology and outside influence that factor greatly into the changes in Samoan music. With the shift towards economic development, there have been various changes in the cultural values of Samoa. One way to view the changes in Samoan culture is to look at the music of Samoa. This is the perspective of this paper. Acknowledgements This paper would not have been possible without the wisdom, insight and great knowledge of so many amazing musicians in Samoa. For that, I would like to thank Ueta and Susau Solomona, Kuki Tuiasosopo, Jerome Grey, Dave Parker, Shane Rivers, Ben Vai, Silao Kasiano, Lofipo Faletolu, June Ryan, Erik Martin, Norman and Luna Paul, LMS Gae'e, Ioane Loli, Patrick Fonoti, and Richard Moyle. Their experiences and perspectives have kept me motivated and constantly engaged in my topic, and I thank them greatly for that. I also would like to thank Jackie Faasisila for creating what has been one of the greatest experiences of my life. Thank you Jackie for laughing at my subtle comments when the girls were being ridiculous, for taking us into your home(s) and making us a part of your family temporarily, for feeding us the best food, and for your sage‐like advice for all my ailments. This has been an amazing rollercoaster ride—one I will never forget, and I hope you know you are one of the people I have the highest respect for. Fa'afetai tele lava miliona. My family deserves big thanks for first of all, making it possible for me go on this trip in the first place, as well as for their constant communication and for always thinking of me. I will be a different, better person because of them. I owe them my deepest gratitude. I would like to thank Silao Kasiano for teaching us fa'aSāmoa (the language and the culture), for making us sing, sāsā, laugh and yell like water buffaloes. And I could not have done it without the support of all my friends here at USP – Alafua. My SIT friends: Erika, Dale, Kelsey, Cassidy, Liz, Angelica and Hadas. From Yogurtland to On the Rocks, we have made it so far and had so many funny, ridiculous memories. I hope we always keep in touch. Also to my USP friends: Tetalo, Betty, Nutu, Frankie, Tanu, Elenoa, Vivian, Sebastian. Thank you all for letting me into your rooms, eating your food and giving me rides. I could never forget everything you have done for me. And finally, to one very 'special' individual, Praneet Goundar, who has not only come to be one of my best friends on this trip, but is one of the most genuine people I know. From showing me how to do my laundry, to constantly feeding me, and even cleaning off my numerous boils, he has truly shown me the 'Pacific way' of caring for those around you—a quality I hope to take back home. My survival has depended greatly on Praneet's generosity. Dhanyavad, fa'afetai lava and thank you very much for everything. Alafua for life! Table of


Generalizing the result of D. Kazacos for two hypotheses we consider the ternary detection problem of the Neyman-Pearson type under mismatch. For the case of independent identically distributed observations the sufficiency condition of existence of test with an exponentially dicreasing probability of error is formulated in terms of the new notion of "divergence for three distributions in certain order".


The present invention discloses a method of assembling a keyboard and a portable electronic device with a keyboard, the keyboard is suitable for a portable electronic device, and comprising a flexible circuit board, a plurality of keys, flexible frame, a first support plate second support plate. A flexible circuit board having a first surface and a second surface with respect to the first surface. A plurality of keys disposed on the first surface and electrically connected to the flexible circuit board. Flexible frame disposed on the first surface, having a plurality of perforations for passing through the respective keys. A first support plate disposed on the second surface, and a peripheral portion thereof is connected to the flexible frame. The second supporting plate is also provided on the second surface and adjacent to the first support plate, the peripheral edge portion thereof which is connected to the flexible frame. Further, the present invention also provides a method of assembling a portable electronic device with a keyboard.


Abstract We present the initial results of a census of 684 barred galaxies in the MaNGA galaxy survey. This large sample contains galaxies with a wide range of physical properties, and we attempt to link bar properties to key observables for the whole galaxy. We find the length of the bar, when normalised for galaxy size, is correlated with the distance of the galaxy from the star formation main sequence, with more passive galaxies hosting larger-scale bars. Ionised gas is observed along the bars of low-mass galaxies only, and these galaxies are generally star-forming and host short bars. Higher-mass galaxies do not contain Hα emission along their bars, however, but are more likely to host rings or Hα at the centre and ends of the bar. Our results suggest that different physical processes are at play in the formation and evolution of bars in low- and high-mass galaxies.


The inventors used plant materials for which hair growth effects had been proposed, and tested growth promoting effects on four types of cells which are involved in hair formation. As a result, several promising plant materials for promoting the growth of the cells were found. A combination of extracts from these materials showed remarkable new-hair growth effects in tests on new-hair growth in mice. In human monitor tests as well, significant new-hair growth effects were shown, regardless of age or sex, and without any side effects. These features are not seen in conventional hair care products, and thus the present invention comprising a novel combination of plant extracts has sufficient novelty and inventive step. [Problem] Recently, there has been increasing interest in scalp cosmetics, and various attempts have been made to provide a new-hair growth agent. However, none of the conventional products has reached a satisfactory level. The reason for this is that, the causes of hair loss and the mechanisms of new-hair growth are very complicated, and cannot be dealt with by facile ideas. The main cause of hair recession is aging of the scalp and hair follicles. Thus, there is a demand for the development of a new-hair growth agent that takes rejuvenation of the scalp and hair follicles into consideration. [Solution] "Ayurveda", which is a 5000 year old science of longevity in India, often uses plant formulations, and is thus a treasure trove of physiologically active substances. Several hundreds of plant materials considered to have a hair growth effects were selected from this treasure trove, and the growth effects on four types of cells that constitute the hair follicles and the scalp were examined. As a result, plant materials that promote the growth of each type of cell were found. Combinations of these extracts were subjected to systematic new-hair growth testing, using mice. As a result, a combination of plant materials having a remarkable new-hair growth effect was found. This combination, showed heretofore unseen remarkable new-hair growth effects in human monitor tests involving old and young men and women. [Effect] This combination of plant extracts synergistically activated the types of cells that constitute the hair follicles and the scalp and, regardless of age or sex, showed marked hair loss prevention, hair growth and new-hair growth effects, in a short period of time (3-6 months). Furthermore, natural materials are used, and no side effects whatsoever were observed. From the above, the present invention is a boon for most old and young men and women suffering from thinning hair or hair loss.


The article points to the intensification of the communicative aspect in the act of genre autoreflection making part of the reader's perception motivations system; the author sets forward a typology of genre reflexives with genre categories viewed as a realization thereof. With reference to national poetry (elegies, poetic prayers, and sonnets), the author traces the logic of genre categories testifying to the change in historic milestones of genre thinking of the New Time.


We build upon the remarkable, model independent constraints on the equation of state of dense baryonic matter established recently by Annala et al. [1]. Using the quark-meson coupling model, an approach to nuclear structure based upon the self-consistent adjustment of hadron structure to the local meson fields, we show that, once hyperons are allowed to appear in dense matter in \b{eta}-equilibrium, the equation of state is consistent with those constraints. As a result, while one cannot rule out the occurence of quark matter in the cores of massive neutron stars, the available constraints are also compatible with the presence of hyperons.


Many young people with mental health problems refuse to seek help because of stigma and leave the problem untreated. Previous research suggests that contact interventions with education could improve the stigma of mental illness in young people, thereby encouraging help‐seeking in distress. The current study examined the effectiveness of a multifaceted programme, the Mindshift educational networking programme (MENP), in promoting a positive mental health culture in Hong Kong secondary schools.


In narrowband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, when the channel state information (CSI) is known perfectly at the transmitter and the receiver, techniques such as waterfilling may use the singular value decomposition to separate the MIMO channel into independent single-input single-output subchannels. The signal-to-noise ratios of these subchannels are easily found, and, therefore, so are the subchannel bit allocations. In practice, perfect CSI is difficult to obtain. Imperfect CSI results in subchannel coupling and co-channel interference. In this paper, simple first-order expressions are presented for the signal and interference/noise powers for each subchannel for the imperfect CSI case. These expressions may be used to obtain more realistic subchannel bit allocations, allowing for fewer channel outages. Numerical simulations demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the derived expressions.


of "Three Applications of Regression Discontinuity on Urban and Labor Economics" by Zhichao Wei, Ph.D., Brown University, May 2012 My dissertation is to use the Regression Discontinuity method to study the topics in urban and labor economics. The first chapter evaluates the effects of China's second-wave, place-based povertyalleviation program. The results using regression discontinuity design show that the supported sector grew faster in the counties receiving aid compared to those counties not receiving aid. However, this aid also drove the local labor out of other production---especially non-farm activities---that played an increasingly important role in rural earnings. The paper suggests that the traditional place-based policy in China caused significant distortions and that a more efficient way of helping the lagging regions is needed. The second Chapter estimates the rate of return to a university degree using a regression discontinuity design allowed by a special feature of the University Admission System in China. The National College Entrance Examination has clear cutoffs for university entry. Our results show that the rates of return to 4year university education relative to 3-year college education are 40 and 60 per cent for the compliers in the male and female samples, respectively. The third Chapter sheds light on the literature about how the short-term adverse shock to a firm could affect an employee's long term well being by exploring the effect of team relegation on team players in the England Premier League. In each football season, the three lowest ranked teams are relegated to a lower level league the following season. The fourth lowest ranked team is arguably similar to the team ranked the third last. Using a longitudinal team-player dataset, with a Differences-In-Differences approach, I find that team relegation has a negative effect on players in the short run but had a positive effect on players in the long run. I also find that players from the winning teams have fewer appearances than the players in the losing teams in the first few years after the relegation season, which indicates a channel of human capital accumulation.


The purpose of the paper is to show that weak order convergence of a net of Dedekind complete Riesz space-valued σ-measures is uniform over uniformly bounded, uniformly equicontinuous classes of functions. The paper ends with generalizing Ulam's theorem for tightness of positive, finite Borel measures to Riesz space-valued σ-measures.


Increased thermal distribution and a more consistent and symmetrical flow were two of the considerations taken into account during the design phase.


In the mega-sub controlled structure(MSCS),there exist simultaneously two controlling techniques,i.e.tuned vibration-absorption and energy-dissipation of damping.The relations between the two techniques and their effects on shock-resistant performance of MSCS are examined.First,under along-wind loads,the effect rules of sub-structural mass to dynamical responses of MSCS with different additive damping are studied.Additionally,the effect rules of additive damping to dynamical responses of MSCS with different sub-structural mass are investigated,and the effect of sub-structural mass on the optimum additive damping is analyzed.Results show that dynamical responses of MSCS drop with sub-structural mass rising and this rule has nothing with additive damping.With additive damping increasing,all the displacement responses of MSCS with different sub-structural mass descend first,and then rise. And the value of the optimum additive damping becomes small as sub-structural mass increases.Therefore,the two controlling techniques should be synthetically considered in actual design,to exert adequately the shock-resistant potential of MSCS.


Institute and the author carried out his work under the supervision of its Director—H. N. Chittick. This book is the first general survey of coastal Islamic architecture, and is almost comprehensive within the limits of the available data. The title is somewhat misleading as the author follows his subject from the twelfth, well into the nineteenth century. Reference is made to all important sites, using much archaeological material hitherto unpublished. While several small Tanzanian sites are omitted, especially those to the south of Kilwa, such as Ruango and Lipura, there is no reason to doubt the author's claim that their inclusion would add little to the general thesis. The study presents a valuable selection and comparison of architecture in coastal Kenya and Somaliland, and a notable examination of Tanzanian antiquities. In the latter respect the book should be compared with The medieval history of the coast of Tanganyika by Dr. G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville, published in 1962, but making little reference to archaeological discoveries. The important differences in the interpretation of coastal history in general and the ruins of the city of Kilwa in particular, reflect the substantial progress made. The author divides his subject-matter into major sections concerned with materials and techniques of construction, decoration, mihrab design, mosque planning, and domestic buildings. Short chapters are concerned with historical background and the origins of coastal architecture. The text is illustrated by 16 photographs and 84 pp. of plans, drawings, and designs, which are a most valuable feature of the book and for which the author must take personal credit. The subject-matter has certain inescapable limitations. The design of coastal architecture was dominated by technical restrictions, especially the size of available timber for rafters which never exceeded 2'80 metres. Building plans are appropriately described as ' aggregations of narrow rectangles ; a monotonous geometry with little regard to visual or spatial variation or excitement '. Changes in style were few, depending entirely on outside influences, while in technical excellence the history is one of gradual decline. The origins of the architectural forms discussed in ch. ix are shown to be elusive. Nevertheless, within these qualifications, the variety, interest, and quality of the architecture is impressive. Particularly interesting are the mosque of Fakhr al-DIn, Mogadishu, and the great palace at Husuni Kubwa, Kilwa, the former distinguished by its architectural conception and the latter by its scale and luxury and apparent influence on coastal building. Especially interesting is the analysis of the development of the great mosque at Kilwa and the residential complex of Songo Mnara. The wealth of decorative detail described—coral panels, bosses, ceramics, friezes, and tiles—and the domestic facilities of residences are indicative of a surprisingly high standard of amenity. Furthermore, while the architecture of the coast was externally promoted and influenced, it exhibits a character of its own which is common to the region as a whole and peculiar to it. The author has related features of design and decoration to an historical sequence with considerable success, especially in connexion with mihrab design and mosque planning. This analysis is difficult in view of structural uniformity and conservatism of design, but the separation, for example, of eighteenth-century derivative architecture from its models in the fifteenth century is wholly convincing. The sequence described adds to the value of the study for reference purposes. The omission of a comprehensive list of sites is deliberate but perhaps regrettable. Such a list, though not essential for the author's purpose, would have been relevant to the subject and would not have involved mere duplication. Recorded lists are scattered in a number of publications and the author clearly could have added considerably to their information. It is to be expected that continued excavation will reveal the history of this architecture more clearly and disclose variations and details beyond those described. The excavations at Kisimani, Mafia, and the Jangwani Mosque at Kilwa, published in the 1964-65 report of the British Institute, are recent examples. But it may be expected equally that the main developments and features described by Mr. Garlake will be further confirmed. His study is, and should remain, a major contribution to a knowledge of the history of the East African coast.


If terrain corrections are not systematically made when conducting gravity surveys, it is a matter of some importance to locate stations away from points for which this effect is a maximum. While this fact is fully appreciated, our literature is deficient in information that a field man could use telling him how large would be the effect of a given topographic feature, or how far away the station should be placed to keep the error within prescribed limits. To meet this need continuous profiles of terrain effects across 47 different forms of two‐dimensional topography have been computed and are presented herewith. These are expressed dimensionlessly so that each figure represents an infinite class of features having the same shape. In addition, the profile for each ridge is also valid for valleys of the same form, but inverted. The data thus are applicable to a double infinity of cases. These profiles are also useful to the interpretive staff for determining quickly whether certain small anomalies are sign...


The production of flint projectile points in the late stage of the Neman culture shows certain elements which are clearly similar in terms of technology and typology to the solutions known from flint-working of the people representing the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age cultures. The occurrence of such features has already been presented in relation to Neman culture ceramic production which lies at the heart of the concept of separating horizons within Linin type complexes. An in-depth analysis of the techno-typological features of flintworking in the Neman culture, and especially the typological category of projectile points, reveals similar patterns as well as cultural and chronological references in the case of ceramics. The most striking elements show analogies to those known from the south-eastern area of the cultural groupings influenced by impulses flowing from the civilization centres of the time. Traces of these influences are clear in certain typological and technological solutions, such as the forms of triangular projectile points, or in applying a trough-like retouch on such points. At the current stage of research, it is hard to determine whether the analogies observed result from not yet recognised intercultural contacts, or rather constitute a certain signum temporis characteristic of production in a wider area but during a single, specific chronological interval.


In this paper, a 128-bit pipeline Adder is presented, in the form of a syntactic Tree Adder by an introduction of a new modified Carry-Look-Ahead (CLA) that is merged inside the Tree adder. The difference between proposed modified Carry-Look-Ahead and conventional Carry-Look-Ahead is that in proposed design by increase in the number of Carry-Look-Ahead single-block input reduces the number of groups, subsequently raises the performance of conventional Carry-Look-Ahead. In order to add two 128-bit numbers, these modified Carry-Look-Ahead Adders are merged with Tree algorithm, that the results of it have a significant improvement in complexity and gates count (25%), compared to the existing methods. This makes a significant reduction in transistor count and area efficiently.


The gross and microscopic appearance of the kidneys of hypertensive patients dying of renal failure or any other complication such as coronary disease, heart failure or cerebral hemorrhage has been fairly well established from postmortem studies. The almost constant finding of renal arteriolar disease in these cases has led many people to believe that increased peripheral resistance to blood flow offered by generalized arteriolar disease, especially of the kidneys, is the cause of hypertension. Moritz and Oldt's1 comparative study of the arterioles of 100 hypertensive and 100 nonhypertensive persons showing that 97 per cent of the hypertensive and 12 per cent of the nonhypertensive persons had renal vascular disease seemed confirmatory evidence of this premise. The other school of thought is that the arteriolar disease is secondary to the hypertension, the cause of which is still unknown. The presence of severe arteriolar damage at the end stage of the disease,


A novel image restoration algorithm is presented in this paper. The restoration problem is formulated under the energy minimization framework and is solved using a dynamic programming-based approach. Through applying dynamic programming iteratively along both horizontal and vertical scanlines, the new algorithm can quickly converge to a near-global-optimal solution, without suffering the so-called streak artifacts. Experiments on both grayscale and color images demonstrate that the presented algorithm can effectively remove Gaussian noise and impulse noise from corrupted images, as well as to restore images with missing intensity values.


The literature is rich with studies describing faculty development programmes equipping clinicians with the skills and knowledge required to teach.[1] However less is known about how best to suppor...


Introduction: the inferior vena cava is an important blood vessel to the venous drainage of the body's inferior portion and inferior members. During its development, it may occur some anatomic variations that are relevant from the clinical and surgical point of view, because of this fact, the professionals should have awareness of the possibilities of differences of


The elastic constants of a single crystal of NiO are determined by an ultrasonic measuring technique. Near the Neel temperature clearly defined anomalies are observed in 1/2 (C11-C12) and 1/2(C11+C12+2C44) but not in C44. These results are discussed in terms of the thermodynamic theory for second order phase transitions and the necessity for further measurements are emphasized.


The paper describes research undertaken to predict elastic and inelastic response of railroad track as related to the properties of the ballast materials. The elastic response involves the resilient modulus from repeated load triaxial tests. The inelastic response involves permanent strain accumulation under repeated load. A key problem in relating laboratory to field conditions was the difficulty in measuring the physical state of the ballast. A three-dimensional computer model of the track structure was used to determine the stresses in the ballast. A method was then proposed for converting these to the triaxial stress states in the laboratory. Apparatus used for performing these tests was described. Then examples of measured properties of ballast were given. The static test results were similar to those for other granular materials. The ballast was essentially elastic after a few hundred cycles, but significant permanent strain continued to accumulate even after thousands of cycles. Measured values of permanent ballast strain in the field were compared to the laboratory results. Approximate agreement was found, but more study is needed to establish a permanent strain prediction approach with confidence. See also IRRD abstract no 250216.


Numerous studies based on tectono-stratigraphic and thermochronological data, as well as numerical modeling, have demonstrated that on the large scale the growth of the Pyrenees is characterized by a southward propagation of the deformation (e.g., Munoz, 1992; Morris et al., 1998; Fitzgerald et al., 1999; Beaumont et al., 2000). However, in the west-central Pyrenees, recent thermochronological data have suggested that the insequence propagation of the basement thrust system was followed by out-of-sequence (re)activation of hinterland structures after the South-Pyrenean Frontal Thrust had been sealed (Jolivet et al., 2007).


It has been shown in previous studies that ultrasound mediated gene delivery can be greatly enhanced by the presence of contrast agent microbubbles and that transfection efficiency is highly dependent upon both bubble/cell separation and the ultrasound field parameters. It has also been shown that gene delivery can be promoted by exposing cells to a magnetic field in the presence of DNA conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles. The aim of this work was to investigate whether it was possible to combine the advantages of both these techniques. It was found that transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells by naked plasmid DNA was enhanced by simultaneous exposure to ultrasound (40‐cycle sinusoidal pulses, centre frequency 0.5‐3MHz, peak negative pressure 0.25‐1.5MPa, repetition frequency 1kHz for 10s) and a uniform magnetic field (3‐5Nm‐3) in the presence of two different microbubble/nanoparticle preparations. The first consisted of phospholipid‐coated microbubbles mixed with micelles containing magnetic nanoparticles; the second of microbubbles which were themselves magnetically active. These preparations were found to be much more effective than either magnetic micelles or phospholipid‐coated microbubbles alone. The mechanisms underlying these observations in terms of microbubble dynamics, the sensitivity to the ultrasound parameters and their significance for potential therapeutic applications will be discussed.


Cold roll bonding (CRB), a fabrication process that proceeds at room temperature, has been widely used in fabricating large-scale sheet metal composites. In this study, the effect of reinforcement particle sizes, ranging from nanoscale to microscale, on the bond strength of cold roll bonded aluminum silicon carbide (Al-SiC) composites has been investigated. The bond strength was measured by the T-peel test. Scanning electron microscope was employed to study the bonding behavior at the interface of the laminate composites. Nanoparticles failed to increase the bond strength compared with the unreinforced Al sample. On the other hand, relatively large particles (tens of micrometers) increased the bond strength noticeably due to the mechanical interlocking introduced by the particles. For the largest particle (60 μm) used in this study, the bond strength was large enough to tear the Al1100 strip during the T-peel test.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Buildings and infrastructure are aging around the world, calling for proper management and renovation. Awareness of defects occurred to the facilities is a prerequisite to make informed decisions. Despite extensive research in defect detection, it remains unclear how to timely update the dynamically changing defect condition at scale and with ease. This study aims to develop a technical framework that integrates robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and building information modeling (BIM) to enable defect digital twinning. The framework establishes a mechanism to bridge defects in the physical world with their digital representations in the virtual world. It extends existing defect information modeling with a means to capture accurate and up-to-date as-damaged information in a timely manner. The proposed framework was evaluated with a 10-story residential building in Hong Kong. The case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the framework in twinning defects concerning their positions, geometry and dimensions. The research opens new possibilities to twin facility defects at street block or even city level to support urban renewal.


The Advanced Concepts Office (ACO) Launch Vehicle Team at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is recognized throughout NASA for launch vehicle conceptual definition and pre-phase A concept design evaluation. The Launch Vehicle Team has been instrumental in defining the vehicle trade space for many of NASA s high level launch system studies from the Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) through the Augustine Report, Constellation, and now Space Launch System (SLS). The Launch Vehicle Team s approach to rapid turn-around and comparative analysis of multiple launch vehicle architectures has played a large role in narrowing the design options for future vehicle development. Recently the Launch Vehicle Team has been developing versions of their vetted tools used on large launch vehicles and repackaged the process and capability to apply to smaller more responsive launch vehicles. Along this development path the LV Team has evaluated trajectory tools and assumptions against sounding rocket trajectories and air launch systems, begun altering subsystem mass estimating relationships to handle smaller vehicle components, and as an additional development driver, have begun an in-house small launch vehicle study. With the recent interest in small responsive launch systems and the known capability and response time of the ACO LV Team, ACO s launch vehicle assessment capability can be utilized to rapidly evaluate the vast and opportune trade space that small launch vehicles currently encompass. This would provide a great benefit to the customer in order to reduce that large trade space to a select few alternatives that should best fit the customer s payload needs.


In this paper, the method of two-step Chinese tone recognition based on neural network is proposed. It adapts BP algorithm to model and recognize speaker-independent tone. The input vector is processed by means of mean difference to improve speaker-independent tone and speed up NN training. The outputs of BP is processed by the length of tone, so the recognition rate is improved.


In this article which is based on the mentioned special kind of a source, one make an attempt to depict a perfect image of «a kind man» existing in the mind of Tomsk citizens in the 2nd half of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th centuries.


Two-way typological patterning between satelliteand verb-framed languages in construal of Manner of motion is well attested in speech (e.g. Slobin 2006) and gesture (e.g. McNeill 2001), but contradictory findings exist regarding a third category of equipollently-framed languages (Slobin 2004b). This study examined elicited descriptions of motion from 14 native speakers of MandarinChinese (equipollently-framed), 13 native speakers of English (satellite-framed), and 16 native speakers of Japanese (verb-framed). Results showed that Mandarin and English speakers encoded Manner in speech significantly more than Japanese speakers, and rarely added Manner to gesture when it was absent from speech. However, Mandarin speakers differed from Japanese but also English speakers in gestural highlighting of Manner, where they frequently encoded Manner in speech but not in accompanying gestures, focusing instead on other aspects of the event, specifically Path. These results support a partial three-way typological distinction in construal of motion.


Oligomers based on an o-phenylene ethynylene (oPE) backbone with polar substituents have been synthesized using Sonogashira methods. Folding of these extremely short oligomers was confirmed via 1D and 2D (NOESY) NMR methods. Utilizing electron-rich and electron-poor phenylene building blocks, variations of these oPE oligomers have been synthesized to determine the folded stability of pi-rich vs pi-poor vs pi-rich-pi-poor systems. Slight variations in temperature offer a route, aside from solvent denaturation, to probe the stability of the folded structure. This is the first report of an NMR solution characterization of folding for a PE backbone without hydrogen bonds.


Abstract As far as products of open or closed hollow cones or cylinders are concerned, the moulded parts grip the mould cores after mould opening because of differential thermal contraction. To strip the parts from the mould core, most injection and compression moulds have systems to eject the moulded parts automatically. The ejection force is defined as the force needed to strip the moulded parts from the mould cores. An injection mould with changeable cavities and cores has been designed. Using different configurations of the mould cavities and cores, open (or closed), hollow, thin walled cones in various thicknesses, diameters, lengths, and cone angles were injected. The ejection force was measured using a tensile machine and a specially designed tool. The dependence of the ejection force on the size, wall thickness, cone angle, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio of the moulded parts, and the friction coefficient between steel and plastics are considered and a new method for calculating the ejection forc...


A spectrophotometric method for the detn. of ranitidine hydrochloride in pure drug and in tablets is described. The method is based on the oxidn. of the drug by a measured excess of potassium iodate and detn. of unreacted oxidant iodometrically using starch as the chromogenic agent. The colored species has an absorption max. at 560 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concn. range 10-80 I¼g ml-1 with an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.8A�103 1 mol-1 cm-1 and a Sandell sensitivity of 194.9 ng cm-2. The method was applied to the assay of tablets and injections with a percentage recovery of 96.4-103.6 and relative std. deviation less than 2.5%. [on SciFinder(R)]


The present invention provides various phospholipase enzymes, particularly cytosolic phospholipase A In some embodiments, the inhibitor is (wherein the variables that constitute the formula are described herein) Formula I having.


Identification of cancer genes that might anticipate the clinical behaviors from different types of cancer disease is challenging due to the huge number of genes and small number of patients samples. The new method is being proposed based on supervised learning of classification like support vector machines (SVMs).A new solution is described by the introduction of the Maximized Margin (MM) in the subset criterion, which permits to get near the least generalization error rate. In class prediction problem, gene selection is essential to improve the accuracy and to identify genes for cancer disease. The performance of the new method was evaluated with real-world data experiment. It can give the better accuracy for classification. Keywords— microarray data , feature selection, recursive feature elimination, support vector machines


The governments of different countries (the USA, Germany, Japan, China, Russia, etc.), regardless of the principles of economy state regulation that have been formed in them, provide support to the automotive industry enterprises, which is due to the high importance of the industry in creating jobs and the multiplicative effect that is manifested in the growth of production in related industries. The article presents the results of the analysis of the world and Russian practice of using various measures of state support for enterprises.


The global temperature of the planet is directly related to human activity. Landfills, vehicles, deforestation, production and, in particular, livestock, affect the temperature change on the planet and global warming. Greenhouse gas emissions, solid aerosol particles and soot, deforestation, methane, nitrous oxide and freons' concentration in the Earth's atmosphere are the key influencers on the changes in the global temperature. All of it is the result of human's activities and needs the human control. The problem of the impact of the human activity on the global warming in environmental economics should be scrutinized in order to avoid the negative effects from its distribution. Research methods used: system analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization and econometrics' methodology. The main results include investigation into the impact of the human activity on the global warming (the level of global temperature as the main indicator) on the global world level. They showed that all of the chosen types of human activities influence on the global warming – rising temperature and industrial production and livestock have the greatest impact on global warming during the period.


Background: National trends in diabetes outcomes, particularly in rural communities, do not mirror the significant benefits seen in clinical trials with emerging therapeutics and technologies. This disconnect is partly attributable to therapeutic inertia around uptake of clinical practice guidelines that have prioritized cardiorenal risk reduction. Project ECHO is a workforce development program that supports implementation of guidelines in under-resourced areas through virtual communities of practice and case-based learning. We hypothesized that the care of patients with diabetes treated by rural ECHO-trained providers would be non-inferior to those treated by specialists at an academic medical center (AMC).
 Methods: A multidisciplinary team from a minority-majority state-funded AMC launched a weekly 2-hour diabetes ECHO program to mentor care dyads consisting of a primary care provider and community health worker at 10 rural primary care clinics. We compared cardiorenal risk factor changes in patients with diabetes treated by ECHO-trained dyads to patients treated by specialists at the AMC. Multiple regression models were adjusted for age, sex, baseline A1c and BMI, baseline risk factor outcome, and interactions with site. All model assumptions were satisfied.
 Results: The mean follow-up duration was 21 months in the ECHO cohort and 18 months in the AMC cohort. Compared to the AMC cohort (n=151), patients in the ECHO cohort (n=856) experienced a greater A1c reduction (-1.4% vs -0.3%; P=0.017) and were more likely to achieve an A1c<8% (20.1% vs. 0.3% increase in those achieving A1c<8%; P<0.001). Changes from baseline in BP, LDL, and urine microalbumin were similar between groups (P>0.05).
 Conclusions: ECHO may be a suitable intervention for improving diabetes and cardiorenal risk factor outcomes in rural, under-resourced communities where access to a specialist is limited.

 M.F.Bouchonville: None. E.B.Erhardt: None. Y.L.Leyva: None. L.Myaskovsky: None. M.L.Unruh: None. S.Arora: None.


The authors study a very general class of memory faults that includes the usual stuck-at, coupling, and pattern-sensitive faults. This is the class that consists of 'bounded faults' that is, faults that involve a bounded number of cells. Some bounded faults are known to require deterministic tests of length proportional to n log/sub 2/ n, where n is the total number of memory cells. The main result of this paper is that, for any bounded fault satisfying certain mild conditions, the random test length required for a given level of confidence is always O(n).<<ETX>>


We read an interesting and informative article titled "Clinical Images in Dermatology Manuscripts ‐ A Study of Journal Submission Guidelines", contributed by Kaliyadan et al.[1] The authors found that several journals provide incomplete guidelines for clinical images. We agree with the authors that a consensus guideline is the need of the hour. If there is a universal guideline, the authors need not change the images while sending the manuscript to another journal after a rejection. Till we get a consensus guideline, authors may think about preparing the figures as per the minimum standard required for indexing an article in PubMed Central.


In this note, we announce a criterion for smoothness of a Schubert variety in the ag variety G=B. Let G be a semi simple, simply connected algebraic group, which we assume for simplicity to be de ned over an algebraically closed eld k of characteristic 0. ( The following discussion is valid in any characteristic, in fact even over Z). Let T be a maximal torus in G, and W the Weyl group. Let R be the system of roots of G relative to T . Let B be a Borel subgroup of G, where B T . Let S (resp.R+) be the set of simple (resp. positive) roots of R relative to B. For 2 R, let s be the re ection. For 2 R+, let E ; F denote the elements of the Chevalley basis for g(= LieG), corresponding to . For w 2 W , let ew be the point in G=B, and X(w) (= BwB (mod B)), the Schubert variety, associated to w. Let T (w; eid) be the the tangent space to X(w) at eid. Let


Legal discourse analysis concentrates itself on the language of the laws in various legal contexts in a macro sense of the relationship between language and juriprudence by making use of theory of discourse ananlysis,especially on the juriprudential language and the languge and laws in both oral or writtn forms including legislative language,judicial language,language of legal science,legal tranlation as well as classical legal language.Based on the language material offered Roger W. Shuy,what this thesis is dealing with is to demonstrate how the language evidence is collected,by what way the dicourse markers and legal circumstances are perceived and why different decisions may result in when plaintiff and defendant have their different understandings before the same language evidence,trying to draw the conclusion that legal discourse analysis may also be practically used in civil or criminal cases in China.


The projects that are financed in an urban environment depend on a variety of factors. With the portfolio approach cities can determine which projects benefit them most in terms of profits and social benefits and can choose them accordingly.


Regenerated axons grew earlier in grafts administrated with MCB than in control grafts. The density of regenerated myelinated fibers was higher in the grafts with MCB than in control. Diameters of myelinated fibers became larger in grafts with MCB than in control at early postoperative stage. There was no differences in regenerated axons at the late stage, more than six weeks, between in grafts administrated with MCB and in control grafts. We suggest that MCB will make an activation of Schwann cell and help a smooth regeneration of axons.


The static and dynamic characteristics of NF-6 wind tunnel based on the method of finite element (called FEM) calculation are mainly described in this paper, which is a pressured, continual, and high speed wind tunnel in Northwestern Polytechnical University. The strain results of some typical points, where is suffered with serious force when the tunnel is full of water and pressured, are compared with those computed. It shows that the reduction means used in calculating model and boundary restrict conditions are reasonable and strain of the tunnel shell are approximately same in amount and change trend with the test. In addition, the maximal stress of the structure never exceed the material's permission stress. The structure of the tunnel has been proved safety. Its former third dynamic models were provided for the wind tunnel's safety operation in times to come.


The American Administration is at present confronted with a set of apparently contradictory problems: how to close the unneeded military bases in its territory and how to retain its important military facilities and installations in the Republic of the Philippines, including the well-known Subic Naval Base and Clark Air Force Base. Studies undertaken by various United States' Government agencies have estimated that the Defence Department could save from $ 1 billion to $ 5 billion annually by closing some of the unneeded bases out of a total of 3,800 located in various parts of the United States.1 And thus important Pentagon officials and key members of the US Congress are reportedly moving to stamp "surplus" on some of these bases with a view to closing them down.2 On the other hand, policy-makers in Washington still consider the US bases in the Philippines as "the irreducible minimum of American security and interests in the Pacific and the Far East." And as part of the plan to retain the bases in the Philippines the United States Government recently approved a mini-Marshall Plan for the Philippine Republic. Negotiations to review the Military Bases Agreement (MBA) of 1947 began in April between the officials of the United States and the Philippines. The MBA has undergone more than forty amendments in the past four decades. But the current negotiations are significant because it involves extension of the term of the agreement that expires in 1991. Presence of foreign military bases and troops in a sovereign country has always remained a sensitive issue in international relations. After more than three decades since the signing of the MBA the Filipinos got their sovereignty formally extended over the US military bases in the Islands and the Filipino flags began to fly in US base areas since 1979. Yet the nationalist Fitipinos still continue to ask: Is national sovereignty compatible with American military presence on their soil? Are not these bases likely to invite attacks from America's adversaries? Is Philippines interest being served by US maintenance of bases on the Islands? Some Filipinos raised similar questions way back in the 1940s. But they did enter into a Military Bases Agreement with the Americans by virtue of which the US military presence is still continuing in the Philippine Islands. Why did they sign the agreement? What were the compulsions? How did it all happen? When similar sets of questions, among others of course, are being raised after four decades of changes in the national, regional as well as global power configuration, a journey to the past is perhaps called for, for clearer comprehension of the current situation. The present paper is based on archival materials and other primary source materials available in the United States. Secondary source materials available in India and the United States have been used in appropriate places.


This research is motivated by the story-telling ability for language development are designed to develop the potential of communication and vocabulary expansion. Through stories, children receive proper example of how to speak, asked for help, thank you, and defend themselves. Based on this, the media "Wayang Kardus"  used as an alternative in learning. This study aims to determine the effect of the Media Wayang Kardus on Storytelling Ability of Student's Group B TK Sartiasari Wonorejo Surabaya. Indirectly storytelling can improve their language skills. This study is a One-Group Pretest-posttes Design. Results showed before and after exercise there is increased development of language skills of children in group B TK Sartiasari Surabaya. The results show the data t = (23.117) is greater than t table = (2.042) with a significance level of 5%. which means there is significant influence between Media Wayang Kardus on Storytelling Ability of children Group B TK Sartiasari Wonorejo Surabaya. Media Wayang Kardus Influential on Storytelling Ability of Children Group B TK Sartiasari Wonorejo Surabaya.


Ultra-fine stirred mill is a kind of efficient and energy-saving ultra-fine grinding equipment, which is the main industrial equipment for submicron powder production.This paper works on the flow-field numerical simulation of ultra-fine stirred mill by computed fluid mechanics.The experi- mental comparison of different stirred mills shows that the grinding efficientness of rod stirred mill is better and its results accord with that of numerical simulation,and certificates the correct and reliability of modeling and simulation analysis.The application of 3600L large ultra-fine stirred mill used for ultrafine grinding heavy calcium carbonate and barite,proves that its designed struc- ture is proper and it has high performance.


This paper proposes a novel quantitative trust model that supports both first-hand (direct) and second-hand (recommendation) trust opinion to calculate the final trust of each node in the network. In order to compute direct trust of a node, the proposed trust model utilizes the theory of ARMA/GARCH to predict the trust parameters and a probabilistic model to combine those parameters. The proposed trust model collects recommendation trusts from common neighbors of the node under review and combines these trusts to get the resultant trust using a weighted combination model. Based on proposed trust model, a routing protocol has been driven to provide trustworthy routes. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol gives significantly higher packet delivery fraction as compared to CBRP even in presence of malicious nodes in the network. In summary, our proposed model is lightweight in terms of computation and powerful in terms of flexibility and accuracy in managing trust in WANET.


Introduction Long chain hydrocarbon formation through Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis has gained interest with the demand for alternative liquid fuel sources as well as future availability of synthesis gas from aqueous phase reforming from biomass derived feedstocks. Current catalysts are based on either Fe or Co, or possibly Ru. While there are differences in activities for these different metals, all form linear hydrocarbons through dissociation of C-O and subsequent hydrogenation in a one carbon chain growth mechanism. Further, all catalysts have limited lifetimes due to deactivation linked to build-up of carbonaceous residues. Thus, addition of controlled amounts of a hydrogenation promoter such as Pt may alleviate fouling by removing active carbon species before the transition to non-reactive carbonaceous residues. This may also serve to accelerate the rate of chain growth by more facile formation of –CH2growth units since neither Fe, Co, nor even Ru are as active as Pt for hydrogenation. For this type of bifunctionality to work, however, it is essential for both C-O dissociation and hydrogenation functionalities to be in intimate contact, ie, Pt and Fe (or Co, Ru) to exist as bimetallic surface components.


A 5½‐year prospective study of the fate of arteriovenous fistulas for haemodialysis is reported with particular reference to the prevention and treatment of complications. A total of 157 consecutive patients was accepted for chronic haemodialysis: 148 patients had a first attempt at a wrist fistula construction, 2 patients had a failed exploration of the wrist, 1 patient had a primary brachial fistula due to absent forearm veins and 6 patients were excluded from analysis because vascular access operations had already been performed elsewhere. Including early failures, 80 per cent of the fistulas remained patent 1 year after construction and 65 per cent remained patent at 4 years. When early thrombosis and technical failures were excluded, the 1‐year patency rate was 90 per cent.


In this paper the slow rolling missile seeker search pattern design problem is discussed.A design method for seeker azimuth scanning law that can meet the target search request is presented.The paper also gives the analytic solution of seeker outer and inner gimbal angle law and discusses the effect of missile rolling angular rate and azimuth scanning angular rate on seeker outer and inner gimbal angle,angular rate,angular acceleration.


The technique of the material recipe,technology and equipment in the process of the structural foamed R-PVC extrusion is introduced in this paper.And it is helpful to practial production.