Presents both compact analytical models and fast SPICE based 3-D electro-thermal simulation methodology to characterize thermal effects due to Joule heating in high performance Cu/low-k interconnects under steady-state and transient stress conditions. The results agree with experimental data and those using finite element (FE) thermal simulations (ANSYS). The effect of vias, as additional heat sinking paths to alleviate the temperature rise in the metal wires, is included in the analysis to provide more accurate and realistic thermal diagnosis. It shows that the effectiveness of vias in reducing the temperature rise in interconnects is highly dependent on the via separation and the dielectric materials used. The analytical model is then applied to estimate the temperature distribution in multi-level interconnects. We discuss the possibility that, under the impact of thermal effects, the performance improvement expected from the use of low-k dielectric materials may be degraded. Furthermore, thermal coupling between wires is evaluated and found to be significant. Finally, the impact of metal wire aspect ratio on interconnect thermal characteristics is discussed.


This manuscript investigates a multi-stage cooperative interception problem in which the flight vehicles are launched successively to intercept a high maneuvering target cooperatively. We first give the formulation of the multi-stage cooperative interception problem. Then, a coverage-based guidance algorithm is developed to obtain the expected locations of the flight vehicles by maximizing the interception probability. Moreover, the interception probability is analyzed and compared with the simultaneous cooperative interception approach. The numerical simulation examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


This study demonstrates depleted uranium as a remarkable heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of HCl to Cl2. This reaction comprises a sustainable approach to valorise byproduct HCl streams in the chemical industry. Bulk α-U3O8 showed an outstanding stability against chlorination, which is crucial for its durability in catalytic tests. UO2 and γ-UO3 transformed into α-U3O8 under reaction conditions. Uranium deposition on different carriers by dry impregnation concluded the superiority of zirconia as support. HAADF-STEM investigations revealed that the uranium oxide on the surface of this carrier is present in the form of a film-like nanostructure with a thickness ranging from a monolayer to 1 nm as well as atomic dispersion. The effect of variables (temperature, feed O2/HCl ratio, metal loading, and Cl2 co-feeding) on the performance of U3O8/ZrO2 has been studied. The HCl conversion over this catalyst increased with reaction time as a likely consequence of in situ re-dispersion of the original uranium phase into atomically dispersed UOx. As demonstrated by H2-TPR, the uranium in the generated UOx phase is more oxidised than in the original U3O8. Such a highly dispersed active phase is produced faster in the uncalcined sample. The extraordinary stable Cl2 production over U3O8/ZrO2 at 773 K for 100 h on stream indicates its potential for application in high-temperature HCl oxidation. Under these conditions, other known catalytic materials suffer from significant deactivation.


Objective: To analyze the factors influencing glomerular filtration rate in patient with essential hypertension. Methods: Ninety-five patients with essential hypertension (EH) penformed 99mTc diethylentriamine pentaacetic acid( 99mTc-DTPA) renal dynamic imaging and were classified into two groups glomerular filtrationrate (GFR) reduction group (n=53) and GFR normal group (n=42) The age, duration of EH, lipid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinie (Cr), uric acid(UA), fibrinogen (Fib), microalbuminurin (MAU), α 1-microglobulin(α 1-MG), maxsystolic blood pressure(maxSBP), maxdiastolic blood pressure(maxDBP) and effective renal plasma flow( ERPF) between the two groups were studied by independent samples T Test. Rgression analysis were used to find the related factors of EH that had had GFR reduction. Results: The age and duration were significantly higher GFR reduction group than that of GFR normal group(P 0.01). The level of BUN, Cr, UA,α 1-MG, maxSBP, max-DBP were significantly higher GFR reduction group than that of GFR normal group(P 0.01). Regression analysis showed that ERPF was positive correlation with GFR(P 0.01), maxDBP was negative correlation with GFR (P 0.01). Conclusion: GFR reduction in patients with EH were results of maltiple factors.


T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare but aggressive lymphoid neoplasm of mature post-thymic T cell phenotype, involving the peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and skin [1]. The anti-CD52 antibody, alemtuzumab, is the current best first-line treatment for T-PLL, with an overall response rate of >90% [2]. Most patients who respond to alemtuzumab, however, relapse with a median remission duration of less than 2 years, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is required to cure the disease notwithstanding the high transplant-related mortality rate [2]. Patients with T-PLL treated with alemtuzumab are thought to be immunocompromised [3]. Immune dysfunction could lead to increased incidence rates of lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD) associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, which are exemplified as post-transplant LPD [4]. However, there have been only a few reports of T-PLL in which EBV-positive LPD occurred after administration of alemtuzumab. On the other hand, patients treated with alemtuzumab could show complications due to immune dysregulation, such as immune thrombocytopenia, which has been reported in multiple sclerosis [5] and chronic lymphocytic leukemia [6]. Hyperleukocytosis was detected during regular blood test in a previously healthy 78-year-old woman with a past history of mild hypertension. She was followed up without further examination or therapy, because she was still well and asymptomatic. After 9months, however, she was admitted to our hospital due to markedly increased peripheral blood lymphocyte and the development of thrombocytopenia. On admission she was asymptomatic again without fever. Computed tomography (CT) indicated systemic lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly (Figure 1(a)). Blood examination revealed an excess of abnormal lymphocytes (95% of 709 10/L white blood cells), which were small in size and characterized by coarse nuclear chromatin and a conspicuous nucleolus (Figure 1(b)). Mild normocytic anemia (hemoglobin 10.5 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia (36 10/L) were also observed. Biochemical examination showed marked elevation of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH; 767 IU/L) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R; 10,213U/mL). Bone marrow examination revealed marked increase in the number of abnormal lymphocytes, same as those in peripheral blood. On flow cytometry (FCM) analysis, they were positive for CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, and CD7, and TCRab, and negative for CD8, CD34, HLA-DR, and TCRcd. B cell (CD10, CD19, and CD20) and NK cell (CD16 and CD56) markers were also negative. Bone marrow biopsy showed marked monotonous proliferation of small-to medium-sized abnormal lymphocytes with aberrant nuclear appearance (Figure 1(c)). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed the same findings as FCM (Figure 1(d–f)), and was negative for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), granzyme B, and TCL1. IHC for MTCP1 could not be examined due to technical limitations. Epstein-Barr virusencoded small RNA (EBER) was shown to be negative upon in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis. Ki-67 index was low (10–20%, Figure 1(g)). T-cell receptor (TCR) b chain gene rearrangement was positive. G-banding analysis of bone marrow cells revealed complex karyotype: 46,XX,t(4;11)(q21;q23),del(6)(q?),add(8)(p11.2),add(12)(p11.2), 14,þmar5 [5/20], 46,idem,add(3)(q27) [1/20], 46,X,der(X) t(X;15)(p11.2;q11.2)?add(15)(q11.2) [2/20], and 46,XX [6/20]. In addition, multicolor fluorescent ISH revealed the following karyotype in one cell: 46,(XX),t(4;11),del(6),der(8), der(12)t(6;12). The above findings established a diagnosis of T-PLL, which may be subclassified as TCL1-family negative T-PLL [2]. The patient's clinical course is shown in Figure 2. After a partial reduction of leukemic cells was achieved by fludarabine (20mg/day for 3 days) and cyclophosphamide (200mg/day for 3 days), intravenous administration of alemtuzumab was initiated. Alemtuzumab resulted in marked reduction of leukemic cells and improvement of


Neural metrics for machine translation evaluation, such as COMET, exhibit significant improvements in their correlation with human judgments, as compared to traditional metrics based on lexical overlap, such as BLEU. Yet, neural metrics are, to a great extent, "black boxes" returning a single sentence-level score without transparency about the decision-making process. In this work, we develop and compare several neural explainability methods and demonstrate their effectiveness for interpreting state-of-the-art fine-tuned neural metrics. Our study reveals that these metrics leverage token-level information that can be directly attributed to translation errors, as assessed through comparison of token-level neural saliency maps with Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) annotations and with synthetically-generated critical translation errors. To ease future research, we release our code at: https://github.com/Unbabel/COMET/tree/explainable-metrics


This pedagogical reflection describes the interactions within, and effectiveness of, an instructional approach for writing – the teaching/learning cycle (TLC). The instruction takes place in a northwestern, midsized city of Russia in a secondary school specializing in English with a 10th grade/form group who self-selected into a strand for the sciences (i.e., students take additional courses in the sciences versus the arts). The reflection combines Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory and concept of molar activity with TLC to demonstrate how various systems influence the teacher and students in a secondary-schooling context. The TLC approach assisted the Russian-speaking students in the improvement of English persuasive writing. The molar, or propelling, interactions in the writing lessons demonstrate a fluidity of knowledge across the systems of the ecology. The study may be of use to teachers instructing writing in English and to comparative education scholars who focus on classroom interaction to inform their work on culture.


Multimodal systems have attained increased attention in recent years, which has made possible important improvements in the technologies for recognition, processing, and generation of multimodal information. However, there are still many issues related to multimodality which are not clear, for example, the principles that make it possible to resemble human-human multimodal communication. This chapter focuses on some of the most important challenges that researchers have recently envisioned for future multimodal interfaces. It also describes current efforts to develop intelligent, adaptive, proactive, portable and affective multimodal interfaces. Nieves Ábalos University of Granada, CITIC-UGR, Spain DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-0954-9.ch013


Previous studies have suggested that bilateral TKR is a safe and economically advantageous procedure. However, because of persistent concerns about complications and patients' ability to rehabilitate, it has not yet become routine practice. Using data from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project, which has centrally collated data gathered prospectively between 1989 and 1999, we analysed 19 247 patients who underwent primary knee replacement. Any subsequent admission for TKR was noted. Deaths following an index procedure were identified from the General Register of Deaths. In 30% of patients a contralateral TKR was done within 5 years. The overall hospital stay for both unilateral and bilateral TKR has been comparable since 1993. The mortality rate following simultaneous bilateral TKR (1%) is similar to that following unilateral TKR (1.2%). Only 25% of Scottish Surgeons perform simultaneous bilateral TKR. However, bilateral knee arthritis is common and bilateral TKR carries no significantly increased cumulative risk of death, deep infection or need for revision. The increased likelihood of blood transfusion should be offset against the definite advantages of one anaesthetic, a reduced hospital stay and good early outcome.


Summary Fractionation of guinea pig complement by chromatography on diethyl-aminoethyl cellulose has been explored. C'2 and C'4, as well as the components provisionally designated as C'a and C'b which convert EAC'1,4,2 to E∗, can be separated from one another in a single pass, and the fractions so obtained possess good stability.


In the past 20 years a large effort has been made to characterize the image quality of remote sensing systems. The image quality can actually be measured only by the quality of the final product (e.g. object detection, classification). One option now is to use the National Image Interpretability Rating Scales (NIIRS), because NIIRS is related to object detection. From an engineering standpoint a task-based scale, like NIIRS is not well suited, because it cannot be derived from the fundamental sensor and scene behaviour. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to derive an image quality criterion, based on the physical characteristics of sensor and scene. To assess the image quality, we compare the output of the real sensor with the output of an ideal sensor based on a Local Mean Squared Error (LMSE). This criterion, we abbreviate in the following with YAIQC (Yet Another Image Quality Criteria)


This study aims to identify the effects of Juntos, the conditional cash transfer program in Peru, on women's empowerment. Although the program does not envisage women's welfare as an objective per se, women play a key role as they are the main recipients of the cash transfer and are responsible for compliance with the program's conditions; thus, their empowerment level can be affected by the intervention. The study applies mixed methods complementing quantitative econometrics with qualitative methods to identify the effects of Juntos on six dimensions of empowerment: economic household decision-making, freedom of movement, gender ideology, agency, self-esteem and perceptions of life. Using two data sources for the quantitative approach (ENDES and Young Lives Study), the study finds positive significant effects on women's empowerment, specifically on economic household decision-making (even when considering large purchases and resources earned by the partner), self-esteem and perceptions of life; the latter of which is found when women have been part of the program for more than three years. These results are strongly reinforced and explained by the findings of a qualitative approach. No significant results were found on agency, freedom of movement or gender ideology, but the qualitative fieldwork results show improvements on agency and freedom of movement mainly because of women's participation in training sessions and informal socialization, where they are able to exchange ideas that are then incorporated into their daily lives. However, these improvements may be hampered in some cases by local management of the program in which vertical interaction between the government representatives and beneficiaries occur; women appear as the passive subjects who only receive benefits, conditions and instructions from the program.


Several recent proposals have suggested that Case and agreement can be reduced to other components of syntax, including the idea that Case-licensing is a function of agreement, or vice versa (e.g. Chomsky 2000, Bobaljik 2008); that subject-Case is a function of the EPP, or vice versa (e.g. Boskovic 2002, Marantz 2000); and that information structure is a function of agreement (e.g. Zeller 2008, Cheng and Downing 2009 for Zulu). In this paper, I discuss facts from Zulu that force us to re-evaluate such claims, as exemplified by the raising verb alternation in (1).1


Objective:Backgroud and objective To investigate the clinical significance of NF-κB、cyclin D1 and p27 in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:The expression of NF-κBp65、cyclin D1 and p27 was detected in 58 cases of NSCLC and 15 cases of normal pulmonary tissues by immunohistochemistry S-P method.Results:The expression of NF-κBp65 and cyclin D1 in NSCLC was higher than that in normal pulmonary tissues(P0.01).The expression of p27 in NSCLC was significantly lower than that in normal pulmonary tissues(P0.01).NF-κBp65 expression was closely related to the tumor size、lymph node metastasis and stage(P0.05),cyclin D1 expression was closely related to tumor size,grade of cell differentiation、lymph node metastasis and stage(P0.05).And the expression of p27 was closely related to tumor size and grade of cell differentiation(P0.05).There was positive correlation between NF-κBp65 and cyclin D1(P0.05),and nagetive correlation between cyclin D1 and P27(P0.05).But there was no correlation between NF-κBp65 and p27(P0.05).Conclusion:NF-κB,cyclin D1 and p27 protein was related to the oncogenesis and progression of NSCLC.Detection of them may be as prediction of clinical biological behavior of NSCLC.


The literature on mentoring women in certain fields like Fine Arts is scant. Therefore, in this chapter the authors shed light on personal mentoring opportunities at an HBCU environment. The purpose of this effort is to do the following: 1) review the mentoring literature; 2) provide the research available on mentoring women in Fine Arts; 3) provide solutions, recommendations, and future directions to administrators, faculty, stakeholders, that can impact mentoring opportunities and initiatives provided to women and minorities in the academy.


The kinetics of the nitrosation, bromination and iodination of malonamide [MA] have been studied in water at 25 °C. Throughout, reaction was first order in [MA]. At low acidity and relatively high [I2], reactions were fully zero-order in [I2] and acid-catalysed. At higher acidity and lower [I2] reaction was first-order in [I2] and not now acid-catalysed. Similar first-order behaviour was found for bromination and nitrosation (by BrNO and ONSCN generated in situ). It was not possible by changing the reaction conditions to achieve the zero-order pattern with either bromination or nitrosation. The results are consistent with a mechanism involving reaction of the electrophile with an intermediate derived from MA which we suggest is the enol tautomer. For iodination either enolisation or reaction of the enol can be made rate-limiting. For enolisation the value of the rate constant ke, (in Rate =ke[MA][H+]) was found to be 3.3 × 10–3 dm3 mol–1 s–1. The results also suggest that l2, Br2, BrNO and ONSCN react with the enol at or close to the encounter controlled limit, enabling a value for KE(the equilibrium constant for enolisation) of (4 ± 2)× 10–10 to be obtained. The methylene protons in MA are readily exchanged with D from the solvent in an acid catalysed process. The enolisation of CD2(COND2)2 is slower than that of CH2(CONH2)2 by a factor of 2.3 and the deuterium solvent isotope effect is close to 1. The mechanism of enolisation of MA is discussed.


A single bubble in water is excited by a standing ultrasound wave. At high intensity the bubble starts to emit light. Together with the emitted light pulse, a shock wave is generated in the liquid at collapse time. The time-dependent velocity of the outward-traveling shock is measured with an imaging technique. The pressure in the shock and in the bubble is shown to have a lower limit of 5500 bars. Visualization of the shock and the bubble at different phases of the acoustic cycle reveals previously unobserved dynamics during stable and unstable sonoluminescence. [S0031-9007(98)07896-X] When intense ultrasound is applied to water, bubbles appear in the liquid. Among the properties they exhibit is sound radiation and emission of photons [1]. In a controlled experiment, a single bubble alone may be driven stably in a standing ultrasound field. Here, intense light pulses of very short duration may be observed. Since this discovery [2] experimental work on the so-called single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) has been extensively carried out to explain the phenomenon and the interesting features it displays: The energy is focused by 12 orders of magnitude [3], the light pulses are of picosecond duration [4], the emitted light energy per pulse is in the MeV range, and the blackbodylike spectrum peaks in the ultraviolet. The interpulse synchronicity can be accurate on the picosecond scale [3] or chaotic on the microsecond scale [5]. Parameter studies have been done showing the region of stable SBSL lying on the boundary of a dissolution island [6]. Advanced driving of the bubble is employed to increase the light output [7]. Theoretical and numerical work [8 ‐10] has been done to explain SBSL but so far few basic assumptions of the different theories could be verified experimentally. An inner shock wave launched in the interior of the bubble upon collapse has theoretically been assumed to account for the observed short SBSL light pulse and its spectrum [9,11,12]. Our experimental and numerical work focuses on the observation of shock waves being emitted into the liquid at bubble collapse [13]. The shock waves are visualized, the velocity of the front as it travels outwards is measured, and the peak pressure of the shock is deduced. Effects appearing at unstable SBSL are analyzed. The experiments are consistent with numerical simulations. In the experiment (Fig. 1) the standing ultrasound wave is produced in a cylindrical cell filled with water of ambient temperature, distilled, and degassed to 10% ‐40% of ambient gas pressure. The cell consists of two piezoceramic cylinders connected by a glass tube [14] of 2.9 cm radius (overall height 12 cm). An optical glass plate closes the bottom, and the top remains open. The driving frequency is 23.5 kHz and the driving amplitude is 1.2 to 1.5 bars. A bubble is inserted into the liquid with a syringe. The oscillating bubble is illuminated from the top by a copper vapor laser by light pulses of 7 ns duration (FWHM) followed by a low intensity tail of 30 ns. The wavelength is 511 nm. The repetition rate of one-half the driving frequency is adjusted via a controllable delay to accommodate locking to the driving signal at a preset phase. Because shock waves modulate the phase of the laser light, optical filtering is used to transform this information into intensity modulations. Therefore the bubble image is passed through a (magnifying) 4f spatial Fourier filter. Specifically, a dark-ground method [15] is used that removes the zeroth order in the Fourier plane with a thin metal stick. Subsequently the image is picked up by a video camera delivering 25 framesys. The shutter opening time is 0.25 ms such that the average image of 2 ‐3 shock waves is seen. Because of the stable repetitive bubble collapse a slow motion video of the oscillations [14,16] and the shedding of shock waves is produced by slightly detuning the laser flash frequency. The images of the shock waves are digitized in a computer, and their radiusytime curves can be plotted. Because of their submicron size, sonoluminescing bubbles are hard to detect at collapse. But by recording the center of the shock wave the bubble position can be determined. Figure 2 shows the images of shock waves at different times. The shock is emitted at the main collapse of the bubble. The shock front shows


Epidemiology is the study of distribution of diseases,their prevalence and determinants in man (1). Conse-quently, the aim of endodontic epidemiology is pri-marily to gain knowledge of distribution and preva-lence of apical periodontitis and its determinants in-cluding treatment outcome in different populationsevaluated by presence/absence of apical periodontitis.


LetS be a planar polygonal subdivision with n edges contained in the unit square. We present a data structure for point location in S where queries with points far away from any region boundary are answered faster. More precisely, we show that point location queries can be answered in time O(1 + min(log 1 p ; logn)), where p is the Euclidean distance of the query point p to the boundary of the region containing p. Our solution consists of a depthbounded quadtree and a general point location structure, both of which can be constructed in O(n logn) time. We also show how to extend the result to convex polyhedral subdivisions in three dimensions.


We propose an ultrasensitive tunable terahertz (THz) sensor which consists of single-layer graphene-based gratings integrated with a Fabry–Perot cavity through numerical simulation. The excitation of standing-wave graphene surface plasmon polaritons can make the probing field strongly confined in a gap cavity. This provides an excellent platform for ultrasensitive and high figure-of-merit (FOM) refractive index sensing at the THz band. Our full-wave electromagnetic simulations show a frequency sensitivity as high as 4.2 THz per refractive index unit and an FOM beyond 12.5 at normal incidence in the THz regime. At oblique incidence, the operation angle for effective THz sensing can be maintained as wide as 75° without inducing degeneration of the sensitivity and FOM. The sensing performance can be readily tuned by electrically controlling the chemical potential of graphene. The proposed graphene plasmonic grating scheme is a promising candidate for the development of on-chip integrated THz biochemical sensors.


This study investigates the effect of delay in compaction on the optimum moisture content and the mechanical propertie s (i.e., compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity) of roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) made of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag aggregate. EAF slag with size in the range of 4.75–19 mm was used to replace natural coarse aggregate in RCCP mixtures. A new mixing method was proposed for RCCP using EAF slag aggregate. The optimum moisture content of RCCP mixtures in this study was determined by a soil compaction method. The Proctor test assessed the optimum moisture content of mixtures at various time after mixing completion (i.e., 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min). Then, the effect of delay in compaction on the mechanical properties of RCCP mixtures at 28 days of age containing EAF slag aggregate was studied. The results presented that the negative effect on water content in the mixture caused by the higher water absorption characteristic of EAF slag was mitigated by the new mixing method. The optimum water content and maximum dry density of RCCP experience almost no effect from the delay in compaction. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of RCCP using EAF slag aggregate fulfilled the strength requirements for pavement with 90 min of delay in compaction.


According to a recently developing line in postmodernist feminist theory, contemporary analytic epistemology is fundamentally and irremediably flawed in its failure to "take account of' gender.' A strikingly similar attack on contemporary analytic philosophy of mind is mounted by John Searle in The Rediscovery of the Mind. Currently available approaches to the understanding of mental phenomena, Searle charges, are also fundamentally and irremediably flawed, and the inadequacies of these theories are also evinced by their failure to "take account of' something: consciousness. The parallels are far from superficial. Like the postmodernists, Searle traces the failings of contemporary philosophy to its modernist roots-to the reductionist, mechanistic, atomistic, and materialistic assumptions of early modern science. Accordingly, both critiques are directed at the entire "tradition," rather than at specific theories within it. Searle, like the postmodernists, finds systematicity in the apparently diverse puzzles and problems that beset current theorizing within the tradition: all are artifacts of the tradition's preoccupation with objectivity. As Lorraine Code explains in "Taking Subjectivity into Account:"


BACKGROUND
 Aging produces a deterioration in the older person and this affects the neuromuscular system among others, reducing muscle mass, strength and muscle power and this generates a decrease in functional capacity in the elderly, can cause falls and disability.

 OBJECTIVE
 The aim of this study is to analyze the ability to know the functional capacity and fall risk of elderly people in nursing homes through a novel short-test using a single inertial sensor embedded in an Android device.

 METHODS
 Study participants included 47 older people (over 55 years old) resided in two nursing homes. Functional assessment with FallSkip® which includes static balance, gait analysis, lower limb power when sit to stand, test execution time and reaction time. The patients were randomly divided into two study groups, control and experimental group. The experimental group underwent individualized rehabilitation therapy based on the results obtained by the modified Timed Up and Go falls risk test. Subsequently, the results obtained between the two residences and between the experimental groups were compared.

 RESULTS
 70% of people in nursing homes are over 75 years old, which the female participants were mostly found in the older age groups, unlike their male counterparts, who were concentrated in the younger age groups. When comparing the anthropometric variables and clinical scales for the two nursing homes no statistically significant differences appeared (p > 0.05) only on the fall risk score (p < 0.05) and the sit to stand power (p < 0.05).

 CONCLUSIONS
 The comfort of evaluating the functional status of the elderly in the nursing homes by an objective and simple functional test has allowed us to carry out individualized rehabilitation interventions for each participant; as well as to know the functional level of the people in the nursing homes.


We investigate the regime of active mode synchronization in a three-mirror diode laser obtained by current modulation at the intermode beat frequency of the external laser resonator. The current modulation is achieved using electrical feedback. It is shown that under certain conditions, a stable mode-locking regime is observed, and when the length of the external resonator changes, the corresponding intermode beat frequency tuning occurs. The main conditions, for which this regime is achieved, are established. The ~300 Hz width of the intermode beats spectrum at a 300 MHz intermode frequency is obtained experimentally. The broadening of the optical spectrum at the 0.5 level is ~4 nm.


There are different opinions on how entrepreneurship education (EE) should be organized in a curriculum and how to create interdisciplinarity within different curricula. It depends on several aspects, included what is the aim of entrepreneurship education – is it about entrepreneurship or education for or through entrepreneurship? How should the curriculum be designed to be more effective for teaching entrepreneurship, including different dimensions: environmental factors, personal relations, their network, development of one's entrepreneurial behavior, personality and learning process itself? The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of contemporary trends how entrepreneurship education is integrated in different university curricula and how different stakeholders are involved into the process. For that purpose first, the authors provided a comprehensive literature review of research in entrepreneurship education in higher education institutions (HEIs). Secondly, they analyzed University of Tartu faculties' curricula to analyze full time programs teaching entrepreneurship. Thirdly, the authors adopted a qualitative research approach, where they conducted semi-structured interviews with programme leaders from all faculties from the University of Tartu in 2016. The main result is that, EE should be more interdisciplinary and integrated in different specialty subjects and the teaching/practice-oriented subjects should be embedded in the curricula; EE should be supported by the ecosystem, teaching methods must change etc. The concept "entrepreneurship education" has been understood in a narrow sense, aiming to give people the knowledge and skills needed to become self-employed and develop a new business in the long term. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk


The present invention relates to a battery cell assembly having improved cooling performance. The battery cell assembly according to the present invention comprises: a cooling fin having a tube formed therein, through which a refrigerant flows; one or more frame members; one or more battery cells opposite to the cooling fin; a first cooling port welded to an inlet formed at one end of the tube of the cooling fin; and a second cooling port welded to an outlet formed at the other end of the tube of the cooling fin. The first cooling port and the second cooling port are made of the same material as the tube.


This paper evaluates a current policy proposal to limit the size of the retained mortgage portfolios held by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (hereafter F&F). The proposal is a response to the growing concerns that the interest rate risks contained in the F&F portfolios create a serious threat to the US financial system. The analysis begins with a review of data on how F&F operate and on the role they play within the US mortgage market. Special attention is paid to the manner in which the firms hedge their interest rate risk. Key questions regarding the policy proposal include (1) what fund sources will replace F&F as mortgage investors, how will the interest rate risk be covered after it is removed from the F&F portfolios, and (3) what is the likely impact of the change on US mortgage interest rates. The conclusion is to endorse legislation that will limit the F&F retained mortgage portfolios.


To realize the contour machining of parts whose contour is constituted by line,circle or comparatively complicated curve,the NC interpolation was used in numerical control machining.To understand the principle of NC interpolation algorithm deeply,the dynamic simulating system which can simulate the tool interpolation route of economical NC machine was developed by Visual Basic to demonstrate the process of line interpolation and circle interpolation in the four different quadrant.


(57) Abstract: A method for producing 1,3-propanediol from 3-hydroxypropanal comprising the step of purifying the 3-hydroxypropanal by contacting the 3-hydroxypropanal purification agent .


The correlation between the surface crosshatched morphology and the interfacial misfit dislocations in strained III‐V semiconductor heteroepitaxy has been studied. The surface pattern is clearly seen on samples grown at high temperature (520 °C) and those with small lattice‐mismatched (f<2%) systems. A poorly defined crosshatched morphology was found on layers grown at relatively low temperature (400 °C). As the lattice mismatch of the strained layer becomes larger than 2%, a roughly textured surface morphology is commonly observed in place of actual cross‐hatching. Few threading dislocations are observed in the strained layer when the crosshatched pattern develops. It is also noted that the surface crosshatched pattern develops after the majority of the interfacial misfit dislocations are generated. The result suggests that the surface crosshatch pattern is directly related to the generation of interfacial misfit dislocations through glide processes.


In this research, the post weld heat treatment (PWHT) of duplex stainless steel (DSS) was study. The PWHT process can be affected by differing parameters. The specimen was duplex stainless steel UNS31803 grade sheet of 10 mm thickness. The PWHT parameters were analyzed by application of full factorial design. The factors used in this study were PWHT temperature of 650, 750, and 850 ๐C with PWA time of 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours. The welded specimens were tested with micro vickers hardness and ferrite content testing according to ASTM E3-11 code. The result showed that both of PWHT temperature and PWHT time interaction on hardness and ferrite content for 95% confidential (P value < 0.05). The factor in most effect of hardness was the PWHT temperature of 850๐C and PWHT time for 4 hour at the hardness of 277.73 HV. The ferrite was the most ferrite content for 77.39% resulted in corrosion resistance due to suitable of PWHT temperature 750 ๐C and PWHT time for 8 hour. Finally, form PWHT process with the information was used choosing the appropriate for PWHT parameters to duplex stainless steel welds.


Three approaches — microsatellite library screening, consensus primer PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and sequencing with arbitrary primer pairs (SWAPP) — were used to develop single-copy nuclear DNA (scnDNA) markers for log-dwelling beetles Apasis puncticeps and Adelium calosomoides. We are unaware of other nuclear markers for Adeliini. We tested > 70 primer pairs per species, but despite exhaustive optimization, we obtained only five polymorphic markers. Nonetheless, the markers are valuable in detection of effects of habitat fragmentation.


We report that self-assembled gold (Au) nanopyramid arrays can greatly enhance the photocurrent of narrow bandgap organic solar cells using their plasmonic near-field effect. The plasmonic enhanced power conversion efficiency exhibited up to 200% increase under the AM 1.5 solar illumination.


In his narrative, Professor Gunter Scholze talks both about the escape and relocation from the Silesia region to the British Occupation Zone of Occupation in Germany after WWII, and about his family's difficult beginnings in North Rhine-Westphalia, which after the war became a new Heimat for him and his family. The Scholze family began their exodus in January 1945, when little Gunter was evacuated from Oppeln together with his mother and brother. Till the end of the war the three of them wandered all over Silesia searching for a safe place to stay. When the war ended, they found themselves in Bad Kudova, a place where many Silesian refugees found shelter. This was also the place where they were rejoined with the father. On 9th June, 1945, in accordance with the Potsdam agreement, the whole family were resettled to the British Zone of Occupation in Germany. Professor Scholze often underlines how lucky his family were throughout this time.


ABSTRACT The evolution of Chinese environmental policy and politics can be better understood in the broader context of institutional changes that have taken place since the late 1970s. In this study, an analytical framework was established to analyze how overall institutional changes were reflected in the roles of relationships between governmental and non-governmental actors engaged in environmental governance. Institutional changes were observed at three levels: informal institutions (cultural traditions, and political ideology); formal institutions (the polity, political system, property rights, and judiciary); and governing mechanisms (structures, regulatory approaches, and incentives). This analysis of interactions between institutional changes and the changing environmental process explained not only the drives and constraints behind China's environmental policy evolution so far but also shed light on future challenges and opportunities.


Fabricating powerful neuromorphic chips the size of a thumb requires miniaturizing both hardware synapses and neurons. The challenge for neurons is to scale them down to submicrometer diameters while maintaining the properties that allow for reliable information processing: high signal to noise ratio, endurance, stability, reproducibility. The best way to test if an artificial neuron possesses these characteristics is to quantify its ability to realize an actual cognitive task. Here we analyze the performance of spin-torque nano-oscillators for Reservoir Computing.


The dam burst mode of large-scale river-blocking landslide dam decides the flowrate and evolution dam burst flood and the influence on ecology,geology in lower reaches.After site investigation of ancient landslide dam along Mingjiang,this article gave a detailed field reconnaissance of Koushan dam for geology,geometrical character and burst shape.Based on the results of lab large-scale test of site sample,the article simulated the stability of landslide dam with Plaxis which can consider the coupling effect of water,seepage and dam material,then forecast the peak flow,flood-peak stage and evolution of dam-brusting flood,finally got the conclusions: the dam-bursting mode may be instant whole burst,the peak flow is about 50×104m3/s at the dam site;the dam-bursting flood would have great effect to environment of areas along the bank and in lower reaches of the river.


This study investigates experimentally the effects of locality on learning and strategic behaviour in a repeated prisoners' dilemma. We compare a simple situation that models space (players interact only with their neighbours) with one that does not (players interact with all members of the population). Within this context different information conditions are studied. We find that imitation, while assumed to be a driving force in many models of spatial evolution, is a negligible factor in the experiment. Behaviour is driven by reinforcement learning and, under specific conditions, strategic behaviour.


As the importance of first responses for fire accidents has grown in the safety management of nuclear power plants, a systematic approach to measure firefighters' psychological states and competence is needed. The current study investigated the construct of the risk perception of the firefighters working near nuclear power plant sites, and then developed and validated a new scale to measure firefighters' risk perception regarding nuclear power plant accidents. The scale items were developed on the basis of literature review and interviews with the firefighters working near nuclear power plant sites. In order to validate the new scale, we recruited 180 firefighters from five fire stations in the vicinity of the nuclear power plants in Jeonnam Province, Gyeongbuk Province, and Busan. The results of exploratory factor analyses revealed that the scale consisted of five factors: "manual" reflecting a lack of response guidelines and manuals for fire incidents and radioactive material release; "fear" reflecting a fear of fire incidents in the nuclear power plants and their catastrophic consequences; "resource" reflecting a lack of protective equipment and manpower for responding to fire incidents in the nuclear power plants; "trust" reflecting trust and cooperation with the counterpart institutions for firefighting in the nuclear power plants; and "knowledge" reflecting the knowledge of radioactivity and firefighting in the nuclear power plants. Further analyses provided statistical evidence supporting for the 15-item scale's internal consistency and construct validity. Finally, We discussed the implication and limitations of the current research.


Abstract In the center of the first century CE synagogue which was discovered at ancient Magdala (Migdal), a large decorated stone block was found. It is covered with decorative-symbolic elements on four sides and on the upper face as well, standing on four short legs. As the facade is carrying the Temple's Menorah, this article will suggest that all other elements are not decorative but rather symbolic and symbolizing the Temple in Jerusalem. Another conclusion is that the block was used as a base for the Torah reading table in the synagogue. These symbols show that there was a very strong connection between Galileans and Jerusalem with the Temple in its center, and that there is an important reflection and relations between Jewish symbolism and Jewish heavenly mysticism as it appears in ancient Jewish sources, both Biblical and non-Biblical.


While some speculation surrounds annual private practice incomes of anaesthetists, little is known of the hours of work needed to generate any presumed income (the hourly rate). The benefit maxima of five private medical insurers are published in fee schedules and data on the duration of common operations are now also known. In this study we combined these to generate estimates for hourly rates of reimbursement across 78 common operations in eight surgical subspecialties, for anaesthetists and surgeons. We expected to find significant differences between insurers as a result of market competition, and we expected differences between anaesthetists and surgeons. The median (IQR [range]) rate of reimbursement for anaesthetists was £167 (132–211 [68–570]).h−1 with significant variation across subspecialties (p < 0.001); for example, cardiac surgery was best reimbursed at £283 (257–308 [229–398]).h−1 and orthopaedics the least at £146 (133–159 [81–246]).h−1. Contrary to expectations, the rates of payment to anaesthetists by insurers were similar (p > 0.17). Patterns of reimbursement for surgeons were similar to those for anaesthetists, except that surgeons were reimbursed at about twice the rate. We conclude there is a confluence of insurer reimbursement levels and we discuss potential implications of this finding. Our results also have implications for how incentives between the NHS and private practice, or within a private practice group, might be optimally managed.


The invention relates to the field of amplifiers, and in particular discloses a device and a method for high-speed automatic gain control. The device comprises a feedforward control part and a feedback control part, wherein in the feedforward control part, an input optical signal and a pumping current form a linear relationship, the input optical signal is detected and amplified by an operational amplifier, a control signal is directed loaded to a pumping to generate a corresponding pumping drive current; and in the feedback control part, a product of the input optical signal and a gain target value is compared with an output optical signal by detecting the input optical signal and the output optical signal to obtain a difference between the output optical signal and the target value, the difference between the output optical signal and the target value is input to a proportional integral differential (PID) circuit to output the control signal so as to control the drive current of the pumping, and the final control result is generated by adding the output result of a feedforward circuit and the output result of a feedback circuit by an adder to output the final control signal so as to control a pumping laser device. Therefore, the invention provides the control device and the method having the advantages of high speed, low power consumption and low cost.


The objective of this paper was to adjust nonlinear regression models for the fruit production of two vegetable species and to identify the plot size with the best explanatory power and model adjustment. The logistic and von Bertalanffy models were used on variables of means fruit weight and means number of fruits accumulated in multiple crops and with different plot sizes. The models presented similar estimates


Tiivistelmä-Referat-Abstract This is the first Finnish dissertation dealing with automobility. The work includes three themes: 1) urbanity and sociability of taxi driver and his (or her) fare, 2) experienced urban traffic by different traffic modes, and 3) Finnish car ads in magazines and newspapers. Common to these three is impersonality that is only time to time changed in a more mutual-like sphere. Instead of studying automobility as a problem of environment, society, or traffic safety, it is studied from the perspective of how "social" is experienced in normally so technologically and administratively defined urban automobility and traffic. Data: beside general statistics, participant observation, tens of single and group interviews, and 700 Finnish car ads. The main argument is, that although urban traffic is thought to be an unsocial phenomenon, it is highly social – it is only impersonal in its nature. Furthermore, impersonality and indifferent attitude is a carrying force of sociality in traffic. The personal mental and spatial distance to others is maintained carefully and skillfully while 'route-negotiating' through encounters. Instead of 'behaving', people in traffic should be considered as 'actors' who construct traffic all the time by their interpretations. The 'urbanity' of taxi can be explained followingly: the urban phenomenon of mixture of mental distance and spatial closure is highly experienced in the semipublicness of the taxi ride. The content of the Finnish car ads – lists of features of the car model, and hidden referring to social comparison – has not changed during the last 100 years. Only people and especially usual users have been vanished gradually during the last decades. Traffic can be studied as Durkheimian negative and positive ritual. (Too selfish) personal desires are to be avoided and others are, situationally, to be taken into account. Also people themselves in traffic evaluate themselves and other participants based on social criteria: others are seen as 1) normals (=similar to oneself), as 2) exceptionally advanced (some, but not all, professional drivers, police etc.), and those qualified with more or less bad habits. The last category is the most important tool in defining one's own style or taste of traffic.


MS202 is an IL‐2‐dependent Th2 clone reactive to auto‐MHC class II antigens as previously reported. It expresses CD4, TCR‐αβ, Thy 1.2 and H‐2k on the cell membrane, as well as CD40 ligand. In order to investigate a functional role of surface CD4 molecules on Th2 cells during B cell activation, we attempted to establish a CD4− variant subclone derived from the CD4+ MS202, and its effect on B cell activation was examined. Briefly, MS202 was incubated with ethyl methanesulfonate to induce mutation followed by extensive treatment with anti‐CD4 MoAb and complement. MS1.1.2, a representative subclone of resulting cell lines, was shown to lack CD4 molecules on the cell membrane, although it possessed almost the same amount of surface molecules other than CD4 compared with the original MS202 by analysis with flow cytometry. Interestingly, MS1.1.2 induced the maturation of B cells into IgM‐producing cells more potently than MS202. This differentiative effect was markedly greater on activated B cells than resting B cells; each population was prepared from splenic B cells by a gradient separation method, but after treatment with anti‐IgM antibodies, resting B cells responded to MS1.1.2, resulting in the secretion of a comparative amount of IgM. Furthermore, the effect of MS1.1.2 on DNA synthesis of activated B cells was much greater than that of MS202. The present results suggest that surface CD4 molecules on Th2 cells may not be substantially required for B cell activation, and rather mediate a down‐regulation signal to B cells.


Supportive and palliative treatment of onkology patients refors to alltreatment measures undertaken for the purpose of preventing or decreasing the symptoms of the actual illness. Supportive and palliatrive treatment should include complete rehabilitation of the patient, the physical as well as the pshycosocial sphere of the patients life, psychological and social support, spirituality, but also the challenges which the entire family and the patients nurses are expecting to face. The importance of applying supportive measures for the purpose of curing and improving the life quality of oncology patients, which are crucial phases in the whole treatment process, is being emphasized. Overview of the resultsof the 2017 Annals gives us insight into recent statistical data related to all malignant diseases.


Abstract The effects of three nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (0, 120, and 240 kg N ha−1) and two planting times (May or late June/July) on yield and N use of the early cultivar 'Milady' and the late cultivar 'Marathon' of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) were investigated on three silty loam soils varying in soil mineral N (Nmin) in the southernmost part of Norway during 1999 and 2001. In all crops receiving fertilizer, rapid uptake of N started about three weeks after planting. The relative yield of broccoli heads increased with increasing soil available N (fertilizer N plus Nmin) at planting to 200–250 kg N ha−1 and then levelled off. The two lower fertilizer rates were more restrictive to yields in early-planted than in late-planted crops. A general increase in harvest index with increasing N rate reflected a stronger effect of N on the head yield than on the total above ground biomass production. The apparent recovery of fertilizer N decreased with increasing N rate and was on average 74% in total above ground biomass and 25% in broccoli heads. Despite a higher N uptake, the average soil mineral N level at harvest increased from 12 kg N ha−1 on unfertilized plots to 27 and 78 kg N ha−1 on plots receiving 120 and 240 kg N ha−1, respectively; this increase was stronger in early than in late plantings and stronger in 'Milady' than in 'Marathon'. The yield of broccoli heads was similar in the two cultivars, but 'Milady' had a lower total biomass production and thus a higher harvest index, presumably due to earlier head initiation.


It has been stated that living microorganisms of the probiotik preparations are able to decrease the growth and development of pathogenous and conditionallypathogenous microorganisms due to their metabolites. With view of the above, feeding piglets on bacterial preparations such as laktyn K-10 and lactomin effects the decrease of pH indices in duodenum chyme and laktyn K-1 with enzyme preparation matseriza increase pH index of colon contents. Feeding of these preparations doesn't cause any possible changes in pH indices in other intestine parts.


Ai T the beginning of June 1780, a large group of Indians from the town of Macha in the south Andean province of Chayanta, northern Potosi, traveled to the colonial administrative center of La Plata, seat of the high court of Charcas, to denounce their Spanish and ethnic local authorities. Collective pilgrimages to Spanish tribunals were common among the Andean and Mexican peasantries. Native communities had long since gained the reputation of being litigious for flooding colonial courts with complaints that involved abuses in village government. The circumstances surrounding the journey of these Aymara Indians of Macha, nevertheless, were rather extraordinary. Over the three previous years, the Macha communities had carried out an exceptionally tenacious legal struggle. Juridical battles included several appeals to the royal treasury of Potosi, the Real Audiencia of Charcas, and one astonishing journey to Buenos Aires, 1,6oo miles away, where the Indians brought their case before the highest authority in the land, the viceroy of the Rio de la Plata. Local power groups responded by repeatedly attacking


Objective
To explore the feasibility and advantage of the drones in a county emergency medical service system.

Methods
The study was conducted in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province from January to September 2018. The Changxing County People's Hospital and the health centers within its radius of 25 km were included in the study. Three types of indicators were obtained by using commercial drones to transfer simulated first-aid medical supplies from health centers to county people's hospitals: (1)The flight time of the drone; (2) The road traffic time measured by Baidu map and Tencent map software of the above-mentioned route at midnight; (3) The road traffic time measured by Amap software of these routes at 0: 00, 8: 00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00. The road traffic time at different time points measured by map softwares and drones flight time were compared. Wilcoxon symbolic rank test was used for statistical analysis, and P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
(1) A total of 10 health centers were involved in this study, the air straight-line distance between them and the county people's hospital was (10.97±3.59) km, and the road traffic distance was (13.61±4.95) km. (2) The flight time of drone was (16.35±5.15) min, less than road traffic time measured by Amap, Baidu and Tencent map software, which were (21.40±5.15) min, (22.50±6.11) min, (22.00±5.23) min, respectively (P< 0.01). (3)The road traffic time measured by Amap software was longer than that of drones from 0:00 to 20:00 (P< 0.01), with the maximum time of (27.80±6.12) min at 18:00, and the minimum time of (21.40±5.15) min at midnight. Drones could save up 14.07 min at most and 2.8 min at least, with an average save of (7.98±1.32) min.

Conclusions
Drone might be used to transfer first aid medical supplies between health centers in a county area, which is faster than road transportation. It has a better application prospect and is worth to further study.

Key words:
Drone; Emergency medical service system; County; Partnership health center


How do newly enfranchised groups achieve representation of shared interests? I theorize that while suffrage expansion has the potential to sway electoral tides in favor of the newly enfranchised, such effects are conditional on the strength of a social movement that seeks to represent the group. A social movement defines the group's shared interests and creates a mobilized pool of voters who can take electoral action to foster common goals. In testing this argument, I use evidence from the adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment in the United States. I employ a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the heterogeneity in the proportion of women across counties to estimate preferences of women voters and show that these preferences vary with the strength of the suffrage movement. These findings highlight that de jure inclusion of a previously disenfranchised group may not be sufficient to secure de facto representation of the group's shared interests.


We present a 6-octave frequency comb (0.35-22.4 micron) driven by a 9.4 fs, 0.56 MW peak power Er:fiber laser at 100 MHz. Through intrapulse difference frequency generation we produce 5 mW of broadband MIR radiation.


Reputation management, which is the most important intangible asset of companies, which is formed in the perception and action of the stakeholders of institutions and brands in six dimensions, brings difficulties such as speed and control of information when it is managed on digital platforms, and it is a communication practice that improves the research reflex in the field of public relations and provides positive gains when managed by the right strategies. Within this perspective, the aim of this study is to reveal how communications specialists evaluates the reputation components when it is the topic online reputation management and to understand how online platforms transforms their reputation management practices. On the way of these aims, it is connected and in-depth interviewed with 12 communications specialists who are among the members of İletişim Danışmanlığı Şirketleri Derneği (İDA) ve Türkiye Halkla İlişkiler Derneği (TÜHİD) by applying purposive sampling technique. The data that obtained by these interviews, narratively analyzed and given by based on the reputation quetients which is gained by Gardberg and Fombrun. According to research findings, while crisis communication, agenda setting during the uncontrollable information stand out as difficulties in the field of online reputation, it has been understood that this new phenomena strengthens the reflexes of research, which is the first step and measurement, which is the last step of public relations with the technological advantages brought by this new field. The study contributes to the studies that conducted on the topic by the frame of online communications practices in Turkey.


edition of Pravda. Seizing upon the moment when she is waiting to be questioned about "Communist activities," the wolf, a Colombian drug dealer, avoids capture by hiding a bag of cocaine in her basket. Once free, in a tragic-comic chase, the drug dealer pursues the girl, not through a forest, but through the "wilds" of the streets of east L.A. Despite the resistance of the producer, who wants a "nice" program without any trace of racial confrontation and who threatens to fire Rosario and his troupe when they try to do otherwise, Rosario wins. At the end of his "guerrilla war," he shows that not even in matinee TV shows are the streets of the barrios clean and odorless. More important, he proves there is an audience that doesn't believe in nice Hollywood programs that turn out to be an insult to the Hispanic community. It was the audience, the real audience, who asked for the rehiring of Rosario and the ejection of the producer. At the conclusion, Rosario's final lines are directed to his young fans: "Can you say 'cultural prostitution'?", "Can you say 'zero identity'?" The answers, loud and emphatic, reverberated throughout the theatre and into the streets of the Bronx. "I knew you could," Rosario concluded.


Abstract Study of interaction mechanism in compound channels consisting of main channel with adjoining floodplains is very important for environmental, ecological and design issues. The flow structures at junction between main channel and floodplain are rigorous due to the complex exchange of momentum. It leads to the imprecise quantification of the discharge in compound channel. Many investigators have proposed various discharge prediction methods among which divided channel method is widely acceptable. This current study approaches a simple way to predict discharge in a compound channel by incorporating an interacting length at the interface between the main channel and adjoining flood plains. From the experimental results of NITR channel data and Flood Channel Facility of UK data, the interacting lengths have been estimated for different combinations of flow depths and width ratios. The functional relationships of the interacting length with the non-dimensional hydraulic and geometric parameters have been found out and a multi linear regression model is developed. The performance of present approach has also been evaluated with other standard approaches. The strength of the current model is successfully tested with natural river data.


The authors considered the financing of economic growth and development of the Russian spatial structure, due to limited financial resources and justified the pattern of formation of a new financial instrument rational financing. The concept of rational financing was formed from the scientific and practical points of view. A methodology for determining the rationality of financing of the Russian spatial structure development was proposed. A factorial model of allocation of financial resources was developed and tested, and the regions and federal districts were distinguished from the standpoint of rational financing of economic growth.


At the current moment, despite the large number of publications in the direction of self-similar traffic studies, deficit of studies involving the use of models for the synthesis of multi-service telecommunication networks. In this regard, this article solves the problem of parametric synthesis of multiservice transport network where aggregated traffic is transmitted from a large number of users. Based on the analysis of publications was selected: model of aggregated traffic in the form of fractional Brownian motion; formulas for determining the parameters of multicast traffic, which resulting in aggregation of multiple flows; formulas for delay and the packet loss probability and proposed methods for the parametrical synthesis of telecommunication networks with the use of these models and formulas. Considered in the paper is the overlaid nature of modern telecommunication networks and expediency of usage the multi-layer graph model for its design. General statement of design problem is given. The design method in general using multi-layer graph model with multi-hour flows and its application for a typical information and telecommunication system is proposed.


Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by the accumulation of lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, and non-caseating granulomas in involved tissues. Renal involvement leading to renal function deterioration in sarcoidosis is rare: it is observed in <10% of patients. In the relevant literature, there have been only a few cases of sarcoidosis recurrence in renal allograft recipients published. We present here the first case of sarcoidosis recurrence in renal allograft during pregnancy.


Existing evidence is inconclusive on whether a socio-economic gradient in children's cognitive ability widens, narrows or remains stable over time and there is little research on the extent of 'cognitive mobility' of children who had a poor start in life compared to their peers. Using data from five sweeps of the United Kingdom (UK) Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) at the ages of 9 months, 3 years, 5 years, 7 years and 11 years, this paper explores the cognitive ability trajectory of children in the bottom decile of the distribution at a given age, and the factors that drive or hinder their progress relative to their peers. The paper analyses children's risks of moving in and out of the bottom decile of the cognitive ability distribution. The findings indicate a relatively high level of cognitive mobility between ages 3 and 11, especially in the pre-school period (between ages 3 and 5), with children from income-poor households more likely to get 'trapped' in the bottom of the age-specific cognitive ability distribution.


Widely used biomaterials, including titanium and its alloys, manifest a range of the physicochemical properties which determine the way they are exploited. According to the literature, titanium dental implants, considered biocompatible with the human body, under certain conditions, may cause inflammatory or allergic reactions. The aim of the study has been to evaluate the content of titanium in the mucosa covering two-stage intraosseous implants of the Osteoplant-Hex ® system. The content of titanium ions in the examined samples containing segments of mucosa collected from tho- se dental implants was determined with an inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometer VISTA-MPX produced by VARIAN ICP. A diverse titanium content in the mucosa adjoining the implants has been revealed during their healing period. The determined con-centration of titanium ranged from 0.00 to 122.59 µg g –1 . As the conducted research sug- gests, such a wide range may result from differences in the implant location, sex and age of patients. Therefore, the authors tried to find a relationship between the results and those variables.


The results of martensitic transformation (MT) and shape memory effect (SME) in quaternary Ti 50 (NiCoCu) 50 , Ti 50 (NiFeCu) 50 and (TiAl) 50 (NiCu) 50 alloys studies are generalized in this paper. On alloying TiNi simultaneously by two elements, their individual effect on MT and SME is conserved. Martensitic transformations B2→R and B2→B19' are almost simultaneously realizing in a binary TiNi. One can selectively control each of two MT channels by selecting property of alloying elements. As a result, the alloys having any sequences of MT and their realizations temperatures, including simultaneous realization of two MTs at low temperatures, which was not observed earlier, can be produced.


The existential relationship between nature and humans can be assessed from the number of plants and animals species utilized to their family or its customs daily needs. The community around the Hutan Desa Beringin Tinggi Jambi Province which is classified as Malay ethnic and always lived side by side the forest is also suspected of having it. However, the close and important relationship is often not realized, so there is a concern that we will lose traditional knowledge and wisdom in natural resources utilization, especially wildlife in the future. Thus, research aimed to explore the wildlife species diversity utilized by communities around HD Beringin Tinggi is needed. Data collection was carried out by open interviews with the general communities who live and doing activities around the HD Beringin Tinggi purposively and ended until the data-saturated. Other interviews were also conducted with village institutions, adat institutions, and KKI Warsi NGO staff who active there. The results showed that the number of wildlife species utilized by the people living around the HD Beringin Tinggi was not enough compared to other communities in Jambi Province. Of the 18 species utilized, Symphalangus syndactylus and Argusianus argus should be the main attention because it has important implications for the protected species conservation.


This Note examines the sources and the antecedent texts of the new Good Friday solemn intercession for the Jews, published for use with the 1962 Missale Romanum..


This polemic arises from answering the call for a paper to reconsider Georg Luk?cs's Theory of the Novel from a point of view defined by "now." This starting point helps account for some of the shape of what follows. In thinking toward this call, I have reached an answer. The theory of the novel that I seek requires a global media history articulating the relations between the age of the novel and what Benedict Anderson calls "print-capitalism" (36). For this reason I am not satis fied by the powerful theorizations of Luk?cs, or of Mikhail Bakhtin, to which we are all nonetheless so indebted. Luk?cs's Theory of the Novel locates the novel at a particular juncture within the history of Western spirit but not in relation to any specific social, political, or economic history. Bakhtin relates the novel to the spe cific ideological and social controversies of its time, but he finds that time almost everywhere in the history of the West, starting way back in classical antiquity. The history required may be more Aristotelian and Hegelian than the theory conversation of the last forty years ("the age of NOVEL') has generally welcomed. There were prose narratives we may call novels, or novelistic, before the age of the novel, and in the West the age of the novel has ended. For this kind of emplotment, Aristotle and Hegel provide narrative models of beginning and ending; it is also, I suggest, where Luk?cs still offers a useful example. The energies of this sympo sium, however, arise because many of us still love the novel. Novels continue to be produced and consumed/both in the West and globally. There may be an age of the novel elsewhere. Now you know what this provocation is about. How did I reach these conclusions? Friedrich Schlegel in 1799 offered the first statement I know specifically pro posing a "theory of the novel" ("Letter on the Novel" 79, translating "Theorie des Romans" in "Brief ?ber den Roman" 516). In the midst of Schlegel's Dialogue on Poetry, there is interposed a "Letter on the Novel." This disruption of the play of voices in conversation by a written text mimics what is for Schlegel the cru cial fact about novels. For Schlegel, "[a] novel is a romantic book" ("Letter" 78). The acknowledged "tautology" here (Ein roman ist ein romantisches Buch [Kritische Schriften 515]) allows the final word to come as climax; weight falls on the book, the material means, and its implications. The "manner of presentation" of a novel will differ from that of drama because it is "for reading," not for viewing; in think ing of a book, one thinks of "a work, an existing whole" ("Letter" 78). Here Schle gel anticipates the "rhetorical" basis of Northrop Frye's theory of genre, in which prose "fiction" is the genre of the written word and the novel only one of its four major varieties (246-48). Schlegel's point also resonates with the work of Frye's Toronto colleague Marshall McLuhan. Other important theorists of the novel, notably Luk?cs and Bakhtin, have drawn inspiration from Schlegel but have not reckoned with this fundamental insight.


1 17 Agnew Street, Aspley, Queensland, 4034, Australia. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 See: www.asianfisheriessociety.org 3 See: www.asiapacfish.org 4 See: www.asiapacfish.org/index.php/species/item/5-skipjack-tuna 5 See: www.fishwatch.gov 6 See: http://iss-foundation.org/ Over the last two decades, the Asian Fisheries Society2 has stood out among mainstream fisheries and aquaculture professional societies by hosting women and/or gender and fisheries events and publishing symposia proceedings (Williams et al. 2012). Therefore, when the Society began developing an online system profiling Asia-Pacific key fisheries and aquaculture species — AsiaPacific-FishWatch3 — it determined that the social dimension of the value chains, including gender, should be addressed in the species profiles. The first full pilot species has now been completed — skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis4) — and the preparation of the species profile reveals some of the challenges of social and gender information.


This paper examines the effect of frame on the acoustic noise and vibration of a high-speed and high-power switched reluctance machine (SRM). Five types of frame/ribs are investigated, where different frame thicknesses, types of cooling ribs, and frame shapes have been analyzed. For this purpose, a 12/8 SRM has been designed at 22 000 r/min and 150 kW and two stages have been applied. In the first stage, a new equivalent stiffness of the frame is utilized in order to estimate the resonant frequencies for different frame shapes. The paper provides a mathematical calculation method and evaluates its effectiveness with finite-element simulations. The results indicate an improvement between 4% and 25% in the estimation natural frequencies. The second stage includes the vibration and acoustic noise analysis using 3-D finite-element method. Considerations for acoustic noise reduction in high-speed SRM using different frame types and cooling ribs are discussed. Particularly, radial and screw-type configurations represent a better solution to decrease the sound pressure level up to 12 dB.


The feminist migration literature in geography has contributed to bringing several critical social theoretical themes to the forefront of migration studies. Specifically, feminists have foregrounded the politics of scale, mobility as political process, questions of subjectivity/identity and critical theorizations of space and place. This article provides an overview of the feminist migration literature organized around these themes. In addition, it argues that feminist migration studies can play a pivotal role in the ongoing project of marrying the materialist concerns of political economy to those of critical social theorists.


Glaucoma is a quiet hoodlum of sight which is described by raised intra-ocular weight, ease back vision misfortune prompts lasting visual deficiency. In spite of the fact that the illness is hopeless however its side effects can be limited in this way early location of the deadly disease is a basic one. It is a very expensive process to detect the disease using the modern tools as a result of which we are developing a methodology for detection such that it is affordable by all the sections of the society, also it can be detected at the early stage and prevention can be taken. Hence, proposing a novel methodology for primary glaucoma detection by developing software algorithms in Matlab, wherein we concentrate on the automatic finding of the glau-coma disease from the images by the method of calculating the cup to disc ration in the fundus image.


Absolute measurements are reported for the effective sky temperature at frequencies of 79 and 115 MHz with 5degree.4 x 9degree.0 angular resolution along the declination circle delta=50degree 30' for right ascensions ..cap alpha..=02/sup h/--22/sup h/. The influence of the radio opacity and the thermal radiation of the interstellar medium upon the measured angular variations in the total cosmic radio-emission spectrum is considered. The mean value of the spectral index ..beta../sub 0/ of nonthermal galactic radio sources varies along delta=50degree 30' within the range 2.48-2.52 (the error of measurement is +- 0.1 for ..beta../sub 0/ and +- 0.05 for the angular variations in ..beta../sub 0/) except in the direction of the local radio arm (..cap alpha..=20/sup h/--21/sup h/), where ..beta../sub 0/ may drop to lower values. In the interval ..cap alpha..=17/sup h/--20/sup h/, where the beam path approaches the trace of Loop III. ..beta../sub 0/ is found to decrease toward higher ..cap alpha... (AIP)


Interaction with information systems today mostly consists of a user's unimodal interaction with a text-based or visual information system. However, human-computer interaction studies have illustrated that information can be successfully conveyed through different sensory modalities. This research focuses on the enhancement of the user experience using auditory feedback for the specific case of a 3D-visualized hierarchical information system, by representing some of the structural and navigational cues using nonspeech sounds. It is hypothesized that engaging the auditory modality may aid in navigation tasks, improve users' affective reactions and consequently enhance the overall user experience.
The research involves two studies. In the first study, a user-centred semiotic sound design methodology is used, based on a methodology originally used on visually-impaired users. Three panels of end-users are employed to design the required nonspeech sounds. Based on the results of this study, recommendations are made for extending the sound design method to novel interfaces and sighted users.
The second study is a controlled experiment that compares user experience with the visualization system and with the auditory-feedback enhanced system. The goal is to evaluate the effect of the auditory feedback on user experience. This effect is measured using a measurement model which draws on concepts derived from three conceptual frameworks, based in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Information Science (IS) and auditory interface studies. A combination of measures is examined, including utilitarian variables such as time taken on hierarchy navigation and information retrieval tasks, and accuracy of the answers. Hedonic variables, which influence the affective reactions, were also examined. These include preference, perceived ease of use, usefulness and ease of learning, and user engagement and satisfaction.
We observed that 79% of the participants preferred the audio-visual system to the visual-only system. The audio-visual system was also perceived as easier to use and received higher ratings in terms of aesthetic appeal and perceived usability, which are attributes of user engagement. Furthermore, the audio-visual system was often perceived as being faster and more engaging even though no significant differences were observed in terms of utilitarian variables of task times and accuracy. Findings suggest hedonic variables play an important role in enhancing user experience when interacting with information systems. This research contributes to the field of information science by showcasing that designing multimodal information systems with a focus on the user has the potential to improve user experience. Our findings also provides evidence that utilitarian variables need not be the principle focus of user experience enhancement in information navigation and retrieval tasks, as preference appears to be linked to hedonic variables.


ABSTRACT Premature translation termination codon (PTC)-mediated effects on nuclear RNA processing have been shown to be associated with a number of human genetic diseases; however, how these PTCs mediate such effects in the nucleus is unclear. A PTC at nucleotide (nt) 2018 that lies adjacent to the 5′ element of a bipartite exon splicing enhancer within the NS2-specific exon of minute virus of mice P4 promoter-generated pre-mRNA caused a decrease in the accumulated levels of P4-generated R2 mRNA relative to P4-generated R1 mRNA, although the total accumulated levels of P4 product remained the same. This effect was seen in nuclear RNA and was independent of RNA stability. The 5′ and 3′ elements of the bipartite NS2-specific exon enhancer are redundant in function, and when the 2018 PTC was combined with a deletion of the 3′ enhancer element, the exon was skipped in the majority of the viral P4-generated product. Such exon skipping in response to a PTC, but not a missense mutation at nt 2018, could be suppressed by frame shift mutations in either exon of NS2 which reopened the NS2 open reading frame, as well as by improvement of the upstream intron 3′ splice site. These results suggest that a PTC can interfere with the function of an exon splicing enhancer in an open reading frame-dependent manner and that the PTC is recognized in the nucleus.


Errors in using Japanese particles are often made by Japanese language learners in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to identify 1) the types of difficulties in using particles in Japanese sentences, 2) the underlying causes faced by students in the language and culture class at MAN 1 Kebumen, and 3) their strategies for resolving these issues. Descriptive quantitative research methodologies were used in this study. Tests and questionnaires were employed as research tools, with questionnaires distributed to 61 students. The findings indicated that the majority of respondents had trouble using the wa, ni, and de particles. Specifically, 75% of students struggled to place the particles correctly in a sentence, and up to 61% of students had difficulties understanding how to use them. These problems were caused by both internal and external factors, including a lack of willingness to learn about particles, inadequate explanations of particle functions in the textbook, insufficient self-learning of particle meaning and usage after class, and a teaching style perceived as less diversified by the students. To overcome these challenges, students employed various strategies such as taking notes about particles, searching for particle functions on the internet, consulting others who were more knowledgeable about the subject, asking friends, and seeking direct assistance from the teacher.


This special issue deals with the making of kinship through medical, political, affective, and legal technologies. While this primarily refers to the creation of kinship through medically assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization or gamete donation, it also includes further techniques of making kinship such as marriages, the establishment of so-called 'donor siblingship', and more general ways of creating belonging and an 'imagined community' (Anderson 1991 [1983]). We understand technology as a device which assists the making of kinship that is situated in political, legal, and affective spheres and which therefore should be understood in a much broader way than just referring to the biotechnological manipulation of body substances. The term assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) refers to the technological means of manipulating gametes in order to conceive a child. Probably the best known of these techniques is the so-called 'in vitro' (Latin: 'in glass') fertilization or IVF. By isolating reproductive substance from the human body and enabling its cultivation in a petri dish, 'IVF has changed scientific understandings of what life is' (Franklin 2013 referring to Maienschein 2003) but also of what kinship is. In contemporary Euro-American thinking 1 , kinship is considered as the domain that is based on the 'natural facts of life' (Strathern 1992) – such as sex difference, generational succession, pregnancy and birth. Therefore, by intervening at the core of the making of a new life by dividing reproduction from sexual intercourse and taking it out of the human


Based on China's provincial panel data from 1996 to 2006, this paper investigates into the factors affecting China's housing price-to-income ratio. It is concluded that: Both growth rate of per capita GDP and working structure ratio affects housing price-to-income ratio positively while the increase of household garbage treatment ratio promotes housing price-to-income ratio as a whole, and that education expenditure ratio imposes a negative impact on it.


An evolutionary conception of contract law is suggested as a basis for assessing claims made in the autonomy-paternalism debate. Paternalism forms one part – although by no means the whole – of a discriminating approach to contract enforcement. Selective enforcement is a long-standing feature of contract law systems, which have developed alongside the emergence of market-based economies in liberal democratic societies. Contractual regulation of this kind can be justifi ed in normative terms by reference to capability theory. Markets are signifi cant capability-enhancing institutions, but their effect depends on complementary regulatory mechanisms, including some of those commonly (if not always accurately) termed 'paternalistic'.


We dene geometric RG ow equations that specify the scale dependence of the renormalized eective action [ g] and the geometric entanglement entropyS[x] of a QFT, considered as functionals of the background metric g and the shape x of the entanglement surface. We show that for QFTs with AdS duals, the respective ow equations are described by Ricci ow and mean curvature ow. For holographic theories, the diusion rate of the RG ow is much larger, by a factor R 2 =' 2, than the RG resolution length scale. To derive our results. we employ the Hamilton-Jacobi equations that dictate the dependence of the total bulk action and the minimal surface area on the geometric QFT boundary data.


An annotated and commented translation of the notes, taken from Jonathan Crary, on the development of the optical models at the Early Modern time. The idea of Crary on the camera obscura as mean of generalisation of the optic as both scientific and aesthetical work is actual for art criticism. Crary, who integrates research of the scientific revolution and progress and of the practices of everyday life, links new models of the Universe and new moods of publicity. The translation aims to show productive character of the idea in different contexts of contemporary studies.


As is well known, the standards of school instruction vary widely in different communities. Seven years in some schools is worth much more than eight years in some other schools. It is also true that some high school graduates are better educated at the end of their high school course than are some individuals at the completion of two years in college. Such known variations in instruction make it unnecessary that criminal literacy be reported in detail year by year. The sixteen years of school life can better be reported in unit groups of two or more years each. In this chapter the following division will be used:


The invention discloses a Chinese herbal prescription for treating coccidiosis in chicken, which is prepared from sweet wormwood herb, antifeverile dichroa root, rhynohophylla, quisqualis indica, hairyvein agrimony, sanguisorba officinalis, rhizoma atractylodis, coptis, golden cypress, fructus gardeniae praeparatus, andrographis paniculata, philippine violet herb, dried orange peel and liquorice.The prescription has an obvious inhabiting effect on CVCC-245 bacterial strains of Escherichia coli; and coccidiosis ova artificial infection control experiments show that the effective rate is 94.17-99.17%, the field application and popularization tests show that the effective rate is 95.1%, and the application of the prescription has an obvious control effect and safety in use. The prescriptionhas the efficacies of coccidiosis killing, hemostasis, dampness resolving, spleen invigorating and diarrhea relieving with astringents.


Epimerization of sugars is a carbon-efficient route not only to produce rare carbohydrates but also to extend the product scope for chemical production in future biorefineries. Industrially available catalysts for epimerization are limited mainly to soluble Mo(VI) species as well as substrate-specific epimerases. Here we report highly active and selective tin-organic frameworks (Sn-OF) as solid catalysts for the epimerization of aldoses at the C-2 position, such as the conversion of glucose to mannose. The reaction proceeds via a carbon skeleton rearrangement, that is, through breaking of a C-2/C-3 carbon bond and formation of a C-1/C-3 bond. Partially hydrolyzed Ph3Sn-OH sites were found to be the catalytically active centers. Our results suggest that the high catalytic activity of Sn-OFs for the epimerization is determined by (1) Lewis acidity of tin; (2) free Sn-OH groups; and (3) the high hydrophobicity of organic linkers applied in the aqueous solutions.


In this paper, we aim to enable both efficient and accurate approximations on arbitrary sub-datasets of a large dataset. Due to the prohibitive storage overhead of caching offline samples for each sub-dataset, existing offline sample based systems provide high accuracy results for only a limited number of sub-datasets, such as the popular ones. On the other hand, current online sample based approximation systems, which generate samples at runtime, do not take into account the uneven storage distribution of a sub-dataset. They work well for uniform distribution of a sub-dataset while suffer low sampling efficiency and poor estimation accuracy on unevenly distributed sub-datasets.

To address the problem, we develop a distribution aware method called Sapprox. Our idea is to collect the occurrences of a sub-dataset at each logical partition of a dataset (storage distribution) in the distributed system, and make good use of such information to facilitate online sampling. There are three thrusts in Sapprox. First, we develop a probabilistic map to reduce the exponential number of recorded sub-datasets to a linear one. Second, we apply the cluster sampling with unequal probability theory to implement a distribution-aware sampling method for efficient online sub-dataset sampling. Third, we quantitatively derive the optimal sampling unit size in a distributed file system by associating it with approximation costs and accuracy. We have implemented Sapprox into Hadoop ecosystem as an example system and open sourced it on GitHub. Our comprehensive experimental results show that Sapprox can achieve a speedup by up to 20× over the precise execution.


In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that two‐way interactions between organisms and landscape‐forming processes play a key role in the evolution of many aquatic ecosystems. To be able to compare sedimentation processes among different environments, a standardized method that is generally applicable is necessary. Current methods are usually designed for one environment only or are unreliable in the presence of vegetation. This paper presents the functionality of a plate sediment trap with a lid in combination with a filter paper, which enables the measurement of sedimentation rates in both permanently subaqueous environments and periodically flooded wetlands. We first present the trap design and demonstrate its functionality. No significant differences were found between replicates, nor was there any indication of a trap size effect on the sedimentation rate. Secondly, we demonstrate its applicability in periodically flooded and permanently subaqueous environments and in the presence or absence of vegetation. It is concluded that the use of a standardized method and equipment makes it possible to compare (bio)geomorphological changes in totally different environments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The Legendary Homeland of Gesar The reincarnation Bargya is one of the abbots of the Chacha Monastery in Axu Town,Dege County in the Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province. As a high profile identity with profound Buddhist knowledge, Bargya Rinpoche is also the local administrator in charge of the famous Gesar Temple.Being very


Researchers often talk about leveraging incumbent's advantages. The ability of an organization to leverage its advantages accumulated in their existing fields for its new business development has been conceptualized as critical for incumbent manufacturing firms (IMf) long term development. Meanwhile, many studies have shown that most of the advantages (including knowledge which is this study's focus) accumulated in existing fields will become obstacles to their new business initiations. Thus, this paper aims to find a knowledge accumulated in their existing field, which will not bring obstacles, but is of great significance to the initiation of new business. By observing two typical cases, this paper identified a kind of knowledge accumulated in existing fields of incumbent firms, which is called AKET (architecture knowledge about existing technology), can be applied to the initiation stage of TBNB (technology based new business). However, this knowledge is only valuable if it can generate diversification and creativity for their new business launch. For such value generation, this paper proposed an AKET Applying Mechanism.


The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) Hole 4C from the
Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean recovered a continuous 18 m record of Quaternary foraminifera
yielding evidence for seasonally ice-free interglacials during the Matuyama, progressive development of large
glacials during the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) �1.2–0.9 Ma, and the onset of high-amplitude 100-ka
orbital cycles �500 ka. Foraminiferal preservation in sediments from the Arctic is influenced by primary (sea
ice, organic input, and other environmental conditions) and secondary factors (syndepositional, long-term pore
water dissolution). Taking these into account, the ACEX 4C record shows distinct maxima in agglutinated
foraminiferal abundance corresponding to several interglacials and deglacials between marine isotope stages
(MIS) 13–37, and although less precise dating is available for older sediments, these trends appear to continue
through the Matuyama. The MPT is characterized by nearly barren intervals during major glacials (MIS 12, 16,
and 22–24) and faunal turnover (MIS 12–24). Abundant calcareous planktonic (mainly Neogloboquadrina
pachyderma sin.) and benthic foraminifers occur mainly in interglacial intervals during the Brunhes and very
rarely in the Matuyama. A distinct faunal transition from calcareous to agglutinated foraminifers 200–300 ka in
ACEX 4C is comparable to that found in Arctic sediments from the Lomonosov, Alpha, and Northwind ridges
and the Morris Jesup Rise. Down-core disappearance of calcareous taxa is probably related to either reduced sea
ice cover prior to the last few 100-ka cycles, pore water dissolution, or both.


The concept of countably subparacompact maps, countably metacompact maps and countably submetacompact maps are introduced, which are the extension of the respective covering property from the category Top to the category Top. Various characterizations and properties of these maps and some of their relations are proved.


The THz region is of considerable interest with research on both single element detectors and imagers. Results are reported on heterojunction and homojunction detectors using III-V semiconductor materials. Both Nitride and Antimonide based detectors showed broad response frequencies out to 1 THz. Arsenide based detectors have shown a threshold frequency tailorable in the range of 2.3-20 THz. The mechanisms of operation in these detectors will be discussed, and potential advantages and disadvantages of the materials for various frequency ranges will be considered. Among these are the increased control in tailoring the workfunction in antimonides, and increased THz absorption in the nitrides. The usage of surface plasmon effects in surface structures such as gratings to enhance detector response is also considered. The enhanced frequency for a given grating can be determined from the phase-matching condition. For a grating with 4.5 &mgr;m spacing this leads to increased absorption at 14 &mgr;m. Experimental results on the effects of surface plasmons on absorption and reflection will be presented. Designs for improved THz detectors based on these ideas will also be discussed.


Abstract This work describes a novel, facile, green, and one-step sonochemical method for reducing graphene oxide (GO) using Doum palm fruit. The successful transformation of GO into reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is confirmed via several techniques. FTIR confirmed the removal of most oxygen functional groups from GO and conjugation between Doum and derived reduced graphene oxide (GRGO). From XRD, the GO sharp peak was disappeared upon reduction and replaced by a wide broad peak. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies revealed an increase of the (C/O) ratio in GRGO compared to GO. The crumpled morphology of GO occurs upon reduction noticed from HRTEM. Corrugation and cracks in GO sheets are observed after the reduction process, FESEM revealed. The thermal stability of GRGO is higher than that of GO. These findings illustrate that this method is promising for the mass production biosynthesizing nanoscale oxides conjugated to reduced GO for medicinal and biological applications.


The piezo-active device 50 includes a piezo-electric element 18 and an elastically deformable shell 51 in which the piezo-electric element 18 is disposed. The use of this piezo-active device includes, for supplying power to an electrical circuit connected to the piezo-electric element 18 the step of striking the piezo-active device 50 with weights 56 and then allowing the piezo-active device 50 to resonate freely. Preferably there is an electrical circuit, that can emit electromagnetic waves to a second device attached to the piezoactive device. The apparatus is particularly suitable for controlling a spotlight.


Taking some tunnel through some mined-out areas of the coal layers as the example,the study researches the treatment of the unfavorable geology at the mined-out areas by adopting the completely filled grouting method by combining with the local topography and geomorphology and the construction conditions,introduces the design for the grouting holes,the mix design of slurry,and points out the checking measures for the engineering quality,so as to ensure the smooth operation of the tunnel construction.