We investigate highly confined and isolated surface modes in a phononic crystal plate based on pillars with cap layers. The structure is made of a thin membrane supporting periodic pillars each composed of one cylinder surmounted by a disk shaped cap layer. An optimal choice of the geometrical parameters and material composition allows the structure to support isolated radial contour modes confined in the cap layer. In this study, we consider diamond and gold (Au) as the pillar and cap layers, respectively, and aluminum nitride as a thin membrane owing to the strong contrast in their elastic and density properties and to their compatibility with the integrated circuit technology and microwave electroacoustic devices. The phononic crystal based on diamond pillars allows us to induce a wide stop band frequency, and the addition of the Au disk shaped layer on diamond pillars enables us to introduce flat modes within the bandgap. We demonstrate that one can optimize the flat mode frequencies by varying the geometrical parameters of the Au cap layer. The quality factor (Q) of a cavity resonator composed of one line gold/diamond pillar surrounded by an array of diamond pillars on both sides has been investigated. These results clearly show that, using this design approach, one can (i) reduce the acoustic energy leakage out of the resonator and (ii) optimize the cavity resonator's Q factor by varying only the geometrical parameters of the gold cap layer. The proposed design provides a promising solution for advanced signal processing and sensing applications.We investigate highly confined and isolated surface modes in a phononic crystal plate based on pillars with cap layers. The structure is made of a thin membrane supporting periodic pillars each composed of one cylinder surmounted by a disk shaped cap layer. An optimal choice of the geometrical parameters and material composition allows the structure to support isolated radial contour modes confined in the cap layer. In this study, we consider diamond and gold (Au) as the pillar and cap layers, respectively, and aluminum nitride as a thin membrane owing to the strong contrast in their elastic and density properties and to their compatibility with the integrated circuit technology and microwave electroacoustic devices. The phononic crystal based on diamond pillars allows us to induce a wide stop band frequency, and the addition of the Au disk shaped layer on diamond pillars enables us to introduce flat modes within the bandgap. We demonstrate that one can optimize the flat mode frequencies by varying the ge...


Timely and accurate identification of pineapple flowers is an important step in automating the work of the flower-catalyzing robots. To accurately detect pineapple flowers in real time despite leaf occlusion or dense flowers, we propose an improved YOLOv5 algorithm. The extraction of feature information of the pineapple flower was improved by adding Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) in the backbone, as well as adding a small target detection layer and using the K-means++ algorithm for anchor dimension clustering. Meanwhile, the GSConv and VoV-GSCSP-v1 modules were introduced in the neck to reduce the parameters and computation of the model. The experimental results show that the improved method improves the AP by 4.7% over the original YOLOv5 algorithm, the precision, recall, and F1 score by 2.6%, 4.8%, and 3%, respectively, and the size of the model is reduced by 0.8MB, and the number of parameters is only 89.2% of the original model. The algorithm can detect pineapple flowers more accurately and quickly in complex environments and can provide technical support for flower-catalyzing robots to execute flower catalyzing accurately and quickly in complex environments.


Secondary phosphine sulfides react easily at room temperature with aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic thiols or dithiols in the oxidative medium Et3N/CCl4 to afford dithiophosphinic esters or diesters in 65–99% isolated yields. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


This paper investigates the impact of the inception of the credit default swap (CDS) on firm risk. Using firm value volatility as a measure of firm risk, we document that the volatility of reference firms' value decreases after the inception of CDS trading. The CDS effect on firm value volatility is less pronounced for the firms with more financial constraints or a higher CDSbond price discrepancy. Our results show a significant impact of financial innovation on firm behaviour, supporting the empty creditor hypothesis developed by Bolton and Oehmke (2011). Our results also show the impact of market frictions on how significant financial innovations


To more and more psychological problems of the students of teenagers,the cultivation of middle school student's psychological quality of sports teaching is aggravated thereupon too.Adopt new students to carry on the psychological general survey while entering school,set up student's psychological consultation room, good sports study psychology person who educate method and means,raise all psychological quality of student, develop its psychological latent energy,strengthen adaptive capacity,prevent,rescue student psychological problem behavior,facilitate student take care of oneself,examine oneself,automatic control at the psychology from law,appraisal in the action in life,emotion happy.


With the rapid development of science and technology, new media technology represented by network and cell phones has surpassed the traditional media such as campus newspaper, broadcast and television and has become an essential way of carrying out the moral education. Under its influences, college ideological and political education is facing both opportunities and challenges. As a result, college ideological and political education has reformed and innovated its educational concept, teaching methods and the approaches of daily management. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively combine the advancement of the new media and the college ideological and political education so that we can make the full use of opportunities brought about by the new media and further promote the active role played by the new media in the process of improving the effectiveness of college ideological and political education. Keywordsnew media, college, ideological and political education, necessity


Host-guest relationship in tourist destinations is a type of cross-cultural communication in nature, within which intermarriage is the most significant form of interaction and communication. Intermarriage refers to inter-ethnic and transnational marriage, which was seldom studied in tourism contexts compared with one-night stands (hereafter referred to as "ONSs") and love affairs in tourist destinations. In Yangshuo, intermarriage is a unique phenomenon as these couples are more than those of other counties with approximate population. The reasons why intermarriage exists in Yangshuo are the questions of the study. Ethnographic research paradigm and qualitative analyses are applied in the study with particular research methods such as participating observation and in-depth interview etc. More than 70 interviewees are interviewed in the field trip of 140 days in the case. Conclusions are as follows: 1) cultural capital is the main attraction, which consists of physical attraction, language proficiency in English and cultural image in personality, 2) Yangshuo is a unique destination whose external factors, such as countryside landscape, low consumption rate, friendly local tour guides and cross-cultural tourist products and comprehensive communities, facilitate intermarriage. Theories such as cultural capital, social adaption and mobility are involved in conclusion and discussion.


Introduction Superficially invasive vulvar carcinoma (SIVC) is defined as a single lesion measuring 2 cm or less in maximum diameter with a depth of invasion no greater than 1 mm and represents stage IA of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), T1a, TNM classification. The depth of invasion is measured from the epithelial dermal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papillae to the deepest point of invasion. The collaboration of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD) and the International Society of Gynecologic Pathologists (ISGYP) was influential in defining stage IA vulvar carcinoma and in promoting new insights and a greater understanding of SIVC. A review of the history of SIVC serves as a classic example of what has happened across gynecologic oncology during the last 20 years to improve patient care through clinical studies and critical review of results. The identification of a subgroup of patients with relatively small vulvar carcinomas demonstrated a relatively homogeneous subgroup with excellent survival and low recurrence. This resulted in improved surgical treatment that yielded reduced physical and psychologic morbidity without compromising survival. Historically, the standard therapeutic approach was a radical vulvectomy Correspondenc: Mario Preti, MD, Via don G. Grioli 6, 10137 Torino, Italy. E-mail: email@example.com


Abstract—In recent research copper and manganese systems were found to be the most active in CO and organic compounds oxidation among the base catalysts. The mixed copper manganese oxide has been widely studied in oxidation reactions because of their higher activity at low temperatures in comparison with single oxide catalysts. The results showed that the formation of spinel CuxMn3−xO4 in the oxidized catalyst is responsible for the activity even at room temperature. That is why the most of the investigations are focused on the hopcalite catalyst (CuMn2O4) as the best coppermanganese catalyst. Now it's known that this is true only for CO oxidation, but not for mixture of CO and VOCs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the alumina supported copper-manganese catalysts with different Cu/Mn molar ratio in terms of oxidation of CO, methanol and dimethyl ether. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation of γ-Al2O3 with copper and manganese nitrates and the catalytic activity measurements were carried out in two stage continuous flow equipment with an adiabatic reactor for simultaneous oxidation of all compounds under the conditions closest possible to the industrial. Gas mixtures on the input and output of the reactor were analyzed with a gas chromatograph, equipped with FID and TCD detectors. The texture characteristics were determined by low-temperature (196С) nitrogen adsorption in a Quantachrome Instruments NOVA 1200e (USA) specific surface area & pore analyzer. Thermal, XRD and TPR analyses were performed. It was established that the active component of the mixed CuMn/γ–alumina catalysts strongly depends on the Cu/Mn molar ratio. Highly active alumina supported Cu-Mn catalysts for CO, methanol and DME oxidation were synthesized. While the hopcalite is the best catalyst for CO oxidation, the best compromise for simultaneous oxidation of all components is the catalyst with Cu/Mn molar ratio 1:5.


Aim: To determine the effects of antimalaria and antheminthic drugs combination in the incidence of histopathological alteration and biochemical modulations in liver and kidney of albino rats.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken at the Zoology Department University of Lagos Akoka Lagos Nigeria.
Methodology: A total of twenty (25) Male adult albino rats of 13-15 weeks old were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each and daily oral administration of human therapeutic doses of praziquantel (PZQ 50 mg/kg body weight) separate and in combination with ivermectin (IVM 0.4 mg/kg body weight), albendazole (ALB 15 mg/kg body weight) and Artemether-lumefanthrine (ACT 140 mg/kg body weight) was administered with the  group which serve as the control receiving 1ml distilled water. Toxic effects due to these treatments were investigated using histopathological, biochemical and mutagenic indices at day 8th and 15th of the study.
Results: Biochemical assessment revealed significant reduction in AST, ALT, ALP and potassium in the treatment group compared to the control. Increase in the level calcium, Albumin and bicarbonate were also observed in treatment groups. Histopathological assessment of the liver showed a general incidence of focal inflammation along the portal tract area, but did not show any differential severity across treatment groups except for single PZQ treatment group which were characterized by fatty infiltration. A general occurrence of mesangial damage and glomerula injury was observed in kidney tissues. Renal lesions were more severe in single PZQ + IVM treatment groups while mild lesions characterized renal tissue from PZQ+ACT treatment groups. Mutagenic effects as indicated by the high incidence of sperm head abnormalities was recorded across combination treatments especially in PZQ+ IVR and PZQ+ ACT groups.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that combination therapies are synergistic and could result in nephrotoxicity, antidiuretic effects, dehydration and mutagenicity at human therapeutic doses.


A tuning circuit for tuning a high frequency receiving apparatus with residual sideband modulation, especially a television receiver, with a counter for forming encoded values of tuning voltage, with a store for the digital storing of the encoded values of tuning voltage, with a D/A converter for generating the analog tuning voltages from the encoded values and with a circuit for automatic fine tuning to the required position of a received transmitter. In such tuning circuit means are provided which so alter the value of the tuning voltage before or during writing into the store or after or during reading out from the store that this value corresponds not to the required tuning position but to a tuning position shifted into the fully transmitted sideband. The exact tuning ot the transmitter to the required position is effected by the circuit for fine tuning.


The present invention relates to information recording and reproducing apparatus and a video camera. With the large-capacity video camera, although were not shooting but more and more users viewing its contents, and then consume a large amount of time to retrieve the target image. Therefore, when there is a way to increase the fun of viewing images functions. It does not increase the step only when the camera body and the disc can be generated with subtitles voice recognition, and therefore can be utilized with a universal player to enjoy video subtitles. Further, by using the identifying information to generate a face can distinguish the character menu, the image retrieval performance can be improved. It is possible to quickly retrieve played characters in video content.


This study aims to establish a model proposal for solving problems in the use of performance tasks at the high school level. The study which adopted qualitative research method was planned in two stages. First, the problems faced by high school teachers ( n = 40) using performance tasks were determined, and for the second stage the opinions of academicians ( n = 8) related to the solution of the determined problems were consulted. Three stakeholders were identified in solving the problems identified during the first step of the study; those being the university, the Ministry of National Education (MoNE), and the teachers. Although the perceptions of the teachers' use of performance tasks in general were positive, it was seen that there problems were experienced in their application. Emphasis was placed on the importance of communication between the university, the MoNE and the teachers in order to overcome these problems. For the effective function of performance tasks, points such as diversity in classroom practices, attention to the characteristics of students and environmental conditions, and the use of rubrics were emphasised.


We live in a designed world. STEAM by Design presents a
transdisciplinary approach to learning that challenges young
minds with the task of making a better world. Learning
today, like life, is dynamic, connected and engaging. STEAM
(Science, Technology, Environment, Engineering, Art, and
Math) teaching and learning integrates information in
place-based projects accessing everyday technology of
virtual field trips, digital interactives, apps, and
contemporary art, science and design practices. STEAM by
Design develops designing minds. Designing minds work
across STEAM fields developing social, cultural,
technological, environmental and economical responses to
existing and future conditions. Design adds Art and the
environment to the STEM equation to contribute site
specific, culturally connected, contributions to creative
economies. Documented case studies at the elementary,
middle and high school level demonstrate the ease of
delivering STEAM by Design opportunities and reveal the
inherent creativity of students if encouraged. Design
cultivates new knowledge, skills and values derived from
becoming aware, developing understanding, and testing
ideas through making. Designing place-based projects, K-
16 students acquire STEAM aptitude and better understand
the use of STEM fields in solving contemporary problems.
Access to everyday technologies cultivate ways to create,
communicate and collaborate. STEAM by Design is
supported by the ELearning Designopedia, NEXT.cc, aligned
with newly released NEXT Generation Science Standards,
North American Association for Environmental Education
Standards and Art and Design Standards. STEAM by Design
positions designing as world pedagogy that connects
students as citizen activists in the communities in which
they live and learn.


The higher-order contribution in reductive perturbation theory is studied for small-butfinite-amplitude dust-acoustic solitary waves in warm magnetized three-component dusty plasmas comprised of variational charged dust grains, isothermal ions, and electrons. The basic set of fluid equations is reduced to the Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation for the first-order perturbed potential and a linear inhomogeneous Zakharov–Kuznetsov-type equation for the second-order perturbed potential. Stationary solutions of both equations are obtained using a renormalization method. The effects of the higher-order contribution, external magnetic field, dust charge variation, dust grain temperature, ratios of temperature and density of positive ions to electrons, and directional cosine of the wave vector k along the x axis on the nature of the solitary waves are investigated.


A three-phase symmetrical Cockcroft-Walton (CW) multistage voltage multiplier (VM) is proposed. It consists of one smoothing column and six oscillating columns. The oscillating columns are connected to three-phase power through center-tap transformers. The capacitors of the smoothing column are charged six times per cycle by six oscillating columns and are discharged six times through the load, unlike the conventional symmetrical VM in which they are charged and discharged twice per cycle. The three-phase symmetrical structure completely eliminates the first five harmonic components of load-generated voltage ripple. Theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed three-phase symmetrical CW-VM has one-third the voltage ripple and voltage drop of the conventional single-phase symmetrical CW-VM. Experimental and simulation results of the proposed three-phase symmetrical CW-VM as well as of the conventional single-phase symmetrical CW-VM are presented. A comparison shows that the three-phase symmetrical CW-VM has significantly less voltage ripple, half the voltage drop, and a fourfold increase in output power over the conventional single-phase symmetrical CW-VM.


The utility model discloses an energy-saving type water curtain spray booth for wooden door coating, comprising a spray booth, a spray cup reciprocating machine, a paint collector and a trough; the spray cup reciprocating machine is arranged in the spray booth; and the paint collector is arranged opposite to the spray cup reciprocating machine and located above the trough. The energy-saving type water curtain spray booth for the wooden door coating is characterized in that a water curtain plate is arranged in the spray booth and located above the trough; the upper part of the water curtain plate is provided with an upper trough in which a water inlet pipe is arranged; a plurality of water outlets are arranged on the water inlet pipe; each water outlet is provided with a water yield adjustment valve; and the top of the spray booth is provided with an exhaust fan. Each water outlet of the water inlet pipe is provided with the water yield adjustment valve, and a water curtain film can be adjusted to ensure that the water curtain film is even and the water flow can be fully utilized, so that the characteristic of saving energy is provided; as a multistage water curtain filter is arranged, the paint collection effect is greatly improved; and as a water circulation system is adopted, a water source can be repeatedly utilized and energy-saving and environment-friendly characteristics are embodied.


Applying thermophotovoltaic (TPV) technologies to existing energy generators allows us to increase energy output while utilizing present infrastructure by reclaiming the heat lost during the production process. In order to maximize the efficiency of these sources, the conversion efficiency of the TPV system needs to be optimized. Selective emitters are often used to tailor the spectrum of incident light on the diode, blocking any undesirable light that may lead to device heating or recombination. Over the years, many different technologies have been researched to create an ideal selective emitter. Plasmas and rare‐earth emitters provided highly selective spectra early on, but their fixed peaks required tailoring the diode's band gap to the emitter's characteristic wavelength. Recent advances in engineerable materials, such as photonic crystals and metamaterials, allow the opposite to take place; an appropriate selective emitter can be designed to match the TPV diode, allowing the diode structure to be optimized independently from the emitter.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions


Logical connection is an essential factor for cohesion and coherence of discourse.The universality of human thoughts enables almost the same logical relations of English and Chinese discourses.However,there are still some different logical connections between English and Chinese discourses due to the complexity of logical categories and the difference of language expressions.Knowing the regular patterns of transfer between the explicitness and implicitness of English and Chinese discourses contributes to reproducing the logical relation of the source text and remain cohesion and coherence of the target discourse.


A numerical model of the turbulent mixing process between two parallel supersonic flows is considered. Model problem of hydrogen injection into the inert gas flow with Mach number M = 2.44 in the Burrows-Kurkov combustor is simulated in two and three dimensions for validating the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model and diffusion model computational algorithms for multicomponent gas mixture. The system of averaged Navier-Stokes equations, closed with the turbulence model equation, is solved with the hybrid explicit-implicit LU-SGS-GMRES algorithm. Obtained results are compared with experimental and computational data.


This article analyzes the role that outside funding plays in the activities of two types of Mexican‐American political organizations. The first type includes the largest and best known Mexican‐American public interest organizations: the National Council of La Raza, the Southwest Voter Registration Education Project, and the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund. The second type is the Texas Industrial Areas Foundation network of grassroots organizations. I find that all are greatly influenced by their dependence on external support. Gifts and grants underwrite these groups, but only when they pursue political activities favored by corporations, foundations, and wealthy individuals.


This study was carried out in plantation Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) belonging to different age, site quality and stocking classes in Kerala, India. Soil samples from surface layer (0-20 cm depth level) of pits were taken from fifty-two semi-permanent sample plots. From each sample plot leaf samples were also collected from ten trees. The soils were subjected for particle size separates, bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), water holding capacity (WHC), soil pH, organic carbon (OC), exchangeable bases (EB), exchange acidity (EA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), Total N, available P, K, Na, Ca and Mg. Leaf samples were also analyzed for N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents. The interrelationship between the leaf and soil attributes at 0-20 cm soil depth level was studied through canonical correlation analysis. Leaf Ca had a significant positive influence on soil Ca and BS in the surface layer. The canonical redundancy analysis showed that leaf nutrient status was greatly influenced by soil attributes. On the whole, canonical correlation analyses revealed intercorrelation exist between leaf and soil characters.


The utility model relates to a diamond circular saw blade being capable of holding and discharging chips, which is composed of tool bits sintered on a saw blade basal body, all the tool bits are concentrically and uniformly arrayed on the saw blade basal body, the inner and outer sides of the tool bit are respectively provided with two or more than two notches, an included angle between the axis of the notch and the normal line of the saw blade basal body is 0 to 45 degrees. As chip holding discharging grooves are arranged obliquely at the inner and outer side faces of the tool bit along the side direction, the chip discharging and cooling capacity of the circular saw blade are greatly enhanced, and the disadvantages that the cutting speed of the circular saw blade is dropped off rapidly in the using process and the cutting effect is poor are improved, so as to lead the saw blade to cut in the no water condition; in addition, the disadvantages that the partial diamond is carbonized owning to high temperature generated by friction of the tool bit and the cut object caused by difficult chip discharge and slow cooling speed when the common dry circular saw blade is used for cutting without water, and the cutting speed is reduced are solved, the equipment for production processing has simple requirements, the following processing is simple, the production efficiency is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced, therefore, the diamond circular saw blade has remarkable social and economic benefits.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss in detail the use of scalar matter coupled to linearly polarized Einstein-Rosen waves as a probe to study quantum gravity in the restricted setting provided by this symmetry reduction of general relativity. We will obtain the relevant Hamiltonian and quantize it with the techniques already used for the purely gravitational case. Finally, we will discuss the use of particlelike modes of the quantized fields to operationally explore some of the features of quantum gravity within this framework. Specifically, we will study two-point functions, the Newton-Wigner propagator, and radial wave functions for one-particle states.


This research is concerned with t he objectification of women in the television advertisement.I employ qualitative methodology (critical discourse analysis) to highlight how sexist media construct objectified images of feminine . This research analyzes the content of television advertisements from Axe fragnance  in Indonesia and the U.S to know how beauty is encoded in terms of sexual portrayal. These findings suggest that beauty in the western perspective, may be constructed more in terms of the body. Th isstudy also discusses how feminist critiques of the sexual objectification of women in advertising may need to be considered within Ea stern perspective. I argue that the image of an ideal woman, as presented in advertisements of Axe fragrance, relegates women to objects of desire, leisureand sex . Keywords: Women objectification,  feminim, critical discourse analysis, capital


Endoscopic stone segmentation is of great significance in the comprehensive diagnosis and surgical planning of ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Due to the quality problems of endoscopic imaging, such as artifact, highlight, reflection, contrast imbalance and blur, it is a great challenge to segment kidney stone fragments of different shapes. In this study, the improved U-Net model was used to extract the kidney stone fragment area at the pixel level, and its contour information could be accurately obtained. The VGG16 network with strong portability is used as the encoder of U-Net model to extract the semantic information of multiple feature layers, and the up-sampling is realized by using transposal convolution to gradually restore the segmentation details. In the experiment, DCE Loss combining Dice Loss and Cross Entropy Loss is adopted as the Loss function of the model. The experimental results show that the improved U-Net model has higher accuracy for stone segmentation from endoscopic images, with the MPA, MIoU and F1 score of 96.44%, 97.62% and 97.03% respectively. The F1 score of the modified model is 2.25% higher than that of Deeplabv3 + model, and 14.24% higher than that of standard U-Net model.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of character by reviewing the current status and problems of character education, and to propose characteristics and methods of character education and tasks for character education.
Methods: The researcher reviewed data on character education at home and abroad, analyzed the difficulties of character education in school education, explored the concept of 'character' as the main concept, identified the characteristics of character education, and proposed methods and tasks for character education.
Results: First, the difficulties of character education were largely analyzed into five categories, and the concept of 'character' was divided into good nature, personality, and character. In addition, since character education works meaningfully in the field of practice rather than in the theoretical field, it was reviewed that it has a value-integrated and curriculum-integrated characteristic with various values and various subjects.
Conclusion: The above research results suggest that character education can be understood as a work that provides the basis for a good mind before teaching knowledge or skills, and above all, practice in life plays an important role.


The article discusses the trends in criminal policy in the field of traffic in the Russian Federation over the past two decades. The concept of criminal policy in the field of road safety is given. The effectiveness of criminal law regulation in matters of ensuring road safety is established.


The catalytic performance of MCM-48 was greatly improved by the introduction of a small amount of chromium during the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane. Various characterization procedures such as XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, TEM, NH3-TPD, XPS, and XAFS were used to identify the role that chromium played in the improvement, and XPS and XAFS results provided the most valuable information. Both measurements revealed that the chromium species existed as Cr6+ inside the framework of MCM-48 before oxidative dehydrogenation, but was reduced to Cr3+ during the reaction. The characteristic pore nature of MCM-48 also contributed to an enhancement of the selectivity to isobutene via the suppression of consecutive oxidation reactions.


The purpose of this study was to determine if the bitterness of freeze dried tablets (FDT) containing lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r) could be masked by sucrose in order to be less aversive. We matched the bitterness of the four concentrations of FDT containing LPV/r to three concentrations of quinine hydrochloride (Q-HCl) and then combined these chemical stimuli with two concentrations of sucrose in order to examine if the bitterness of FDT could be masked. Rats were exposed to behavioral testing in order to measure if the bitterness of the solution had an effect on licking patterns. As hypothesized, results showed that sucrose at 750 mM effectively masked the bitterness of the Q-HCl stimulus for all solutions. However, the addition of sucrose to FDT containing LPV/r showed no effect on oromotor responses. There were no significant effects of any stimulus on the latency to approach and lick the spout. Matching averse concentrations of FDT and Q-HCl differed significantly on their ability to be masked by sucrose, therefore we conclude that there is an additional negative hedonic stimulus associated with FDT containing LPV/r beyond its aversive bitter taste that sucrose could not mask.


Summary With the increase in labour force participation by wives and mothers in the United States, family roles of modern women are becoming increasingly complex. As mother/provider, women are faced with problems in planning their lives to accommodate their modern roles. Three variant lifetime patterns of fertility and employment are identified in a study of second-generation Japanese American women, a group which has experienced high rates of labour force participation. Analysis of socio-economic background factors suggests that these patterns are alternative modes of integrating the complex lifetime demands on women in the modern world.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves administering immune correction therapy, vitamin C and group B vitamins, local treatment with antivirus ointments, antiseptics and analgesic remedies, as well as phytotherapy with helium-neon laser treatment. Fentaline, Thianeptine, Bioparox, oral rinsing with 0.1% aqueous Levamisol solution prepared immediately before being applied. Gltoxime is administered at the tenth day beginning from the exacerbation onset. 20% Levocarnitine solution and oral rinsing with 10% aqueous ASD-2F solution prepared immediately before being applied. Ajurvedic preparation Chavanprash is additionally prescribed for 108 days and then daily from full moon to full moon 1 year long. Tooth pastes like Cloves and Sweet Basil are to be alternatively applied during the whole treatment period. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment; prevented relapses; normalized mental and emotional state of patients. 3 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl


Theoretical models of condensed phases can be quite large and computationally expensive because of the number of atoms used. The computational expense has been resolved due to QM-MM methods; however, the number of atoms can still be quite large. Periodic boundary conditions can be used to propagate a system in space without explicitly representing atoms. Periodic boundary conditions can be used with QM-MM methods by making the appropriate changes to the Fock matrix. The change is a result of performing a modified Ewald summation using the QM atoms. This combined Ewald QM-MM method is a way to theoretically construct condensed phase systems without explicitly specifying an overabundance of atoms. The method can then be applied to various types of systems that are sensitive to their environments.


Applications of Distributed Generation (DG) are taken into account more seriously due to the growth of cities, ever-increasing demand for electrical energy, and economic constraints affecting the installation of new substations and power plants. Using these resources can have positive and negative impact on the distribution networks. Installation place, resource capacity, and exploitation method are some important issues that should be taken into consideration to obtain maximum efficiency. This paper presents a new method for determining the optimum location and size of Distributed Generation (DG) resources in order to improve technical parameters and to satisfy network constraints using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Technical parameters include voltage profile, energy losses, and short-circuit level. Network constraints consist of technical constraints of the network and of the DG. Using the proposed method, some problems of previous studies are solved: not considering constraints, not studying important parameters, and not allocating multiple DGs. In order to determine the effectiveness of sizing and siting, some indexes are defined, which represent the improvement level of network parameters and constraints. The proposed method is tested on an actual power network of Zanjan Province in Iran and simulation results indicate how efficient the method is.


Objectives and methods: The present report aims to identify the hypertension risk factors who underwent Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) (558 heart patients), based on the routine secondary data set (UCLA Statistics Web Site) without any specific setting. Joint generalized linear statistical gamma models are used. Results: The present identified statistical significant hypertension risk factors from three blood pressure (basal, systolic, and maximum) analyses are the following: basal heart rate (bhr) (P<0.0001), double product (DP) of basal blood pressure and heart rate (basedp) (P<0.0001), peak heart rate (pkhr) (P<0.0001), DP of peak heart rate & systolic blood pressure (dp) (P<0.0001), dobutamine dose (dose) (P=0.0268), maximum heart rate (maxhr) (P<0.0001), percent maximum predicted heart rate (pctM-phr) (P=0.0312), DP on maximum dobutamine dose and blood pressure (dpmaxdo) (P<0.0001), age (P=0.0048), chest pain (P=0.0505), resting wall motion abnormality on echocardiogram (restwma) (P<0.0001), positive stress echocardiogram (posSE) (P=0.0002), new myocardial infraction (newMI) (P<0.0001), recent angioplasty (newPTCA) (P=0.0252), recent bypass surgery (newCABG) (P=0.0482), history of hypertension (hxofHT) (P=0.0541), history of coronary artery bypass surgery (hxofCABG) (P=0.0529), any event (P=0.0289), and base line electrocardiogram diagnosis (ecg) (P=0.0312). Conclusions: Impacts of heart conditions, biochemical parameters, dobutamine dose and many others on hypertension have been identified based on probabilistic modeling. Most of the present findings and their effects are almost new in the hypertension literature.


To clarify the origins of high selectivity in SiO2-to-SiN etching in fluorocarbon gas plasma, mass-analyzed CFx+ (x=1,2,3) ions with a definite kinetic energy of 250–2000eV were irradiated on SiN and SiO2 surfaces. Selectivity in SiO2-to-SiN etching varies greatly for different CFx+ ions. For CF3+ ions, the etch yield of SiN is almost the same as that of SiO2, causing poor selectivity. For CF+ ions, on the other hand, the etch yield of SiN is much smaller than that of SiO2. An amorphous fluorinated carbon (a-C:F) film grows without any neutral radicals on the SiN surface at energies below 1250eV and on the SiO2 surface at energies below 500eV due to CF+ ion irradiation. The difference in threshold energy of a-C:F film deposition causes high selectivity in SiO2-to-SiN etching. Slight etching of substrate films first takes place at the initial stage of deposition, then etching stops, and a homogeneous a-C:F film is grown. Accumulated carbons during the initial etching reaction modify the surface reaction la...


A table in the Dresden Codex (pages 51 to 58) consists essentially of69 columns. Each column consists, after a pair ofnon-astronomical glyphs, ofa number, three consecutive dates in the Maya calendar and, at the bottom, another number. The numbers along the bottom are either 177 or 148. This is what identifies the table as a table of eclipses: 177 days is, to the nearest day, the number of days in six average months, and 148 the number in five months. These are good eclipse intervals. The table extends over 405 months, the total number of days being 11958. Both these numbers are divisible by 3, giving 135 months = 3986 days. I suggest that this figure is the basis for the table. There are only a few ways ofconstructing a 135-month period out of5-month and 6-month intervals: 27 fives; 21 fives and 5 sixes; 15 fives and 10 sixes; 9 fives and 15 sixes; and 3 fives and 20 sixes. Five-month eclipse intervals are much rarer than six-month intervals, well under half as frequent, and presumably the Maya knew this. In that case, only the last of these combinations will do. Therefore each third of the table should have precisely three occurrences of 148 (and twenty of 177). And indeed it does. There is further evidence. 3 x 148 + 20 x 177 = 3984, two days short. It has long been known that the top numbers in the columns ofthe table are the cumulative totals of the numbers along the bottom, except that half-a-dozen times the total mysteriously increases by 178 instead of 177. On my suggestion, this would have to happen twice in each third of the table, and indeed it does.


Many people like to spend at least part of their free time playing video games. However, for some, what starts as innocent recreation becomes an addiction and, at times, tragedy ensues.


In a DC-AC system, some problems may threaten the reliability of the whole system, such as the shoot through issue and the failure of reverse recovery. Some methods are proposed to improve the reliability of the converters. The dual buck inverters can solve the above problems without adding dead time but the dual buck topology has a main drawback of low magnetic utilization which increases the volume and weight of the system. This paper firstly summarizes the traditional dual buck topologies including a kind of single inductor dual buck inverter which can make full use of the inductance. Then a method to improve the reliability of the MOSFET inverter is proposed. A kind of novel dual buck inverter with series connected diodes and single inductor is introduced. The novel inverter retains the dual buck topologies' advantage of high reliability and can make full use of the inductance. Also, compared to the traditional single inductor dual buck topology, the controlling strategy of the proposed inverter is simpler. Finally, the simulation and experimental results verified the theoretical analysis.


Abstract The national languages of East Asia (Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese) have made extensive use of a type of linguistic borrowing sometimes referred to as a 'graphic loan'. Such loans have no place in the conventional classification of loans based on Haugen (1950) or Weinreich (1953), and research on loan word theory and phonology generally overlooks them. The classic East Asian phenomenon is discussed and a framework is proposed to describe its mechanism. It is argued that graphic loans are more than just 'spelling pronunciations', because they are a systematic and widespread process, independent of but not inferior to phonological borrowing. The framework is then expanded to illustrate borrowing between English and East Asian languages, and between non- East Asian languages, showing that graphic borrowing also applies to phonographically written source language forms.


Artichoke by‐products are a suitable source of health‐promoting ingredients for the production of dietary supplements and food additives. A pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) was developed to recover caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and flavone glycosides (FLs) from agro‐industrial artichoke by‐products. The main factors influencing PHWE efficiency and CQA isomerization (temperature, numbers of cycles, modifier, and extraction time) were carefully studied and optimized by response surface design. The proposed PHWE procedure provides an exhaustive extraction of CQAs and FLs (recoveries: 93–105% and 90–105%) from artichoke external bracts and leaves of different cultivars (p > 0.05), without significant formation of artefacts generated by high temperatures. PHWE extracts showed CQA and FL levels (14–37 mg/g and 3–19 mg/g, respectively) comparable to commercial products and marked antioxidative effects (EC50 11–83 μg/mL) by cellular antioxidant activity assay in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. These results proved that PHWE is an excellent green technique to recover bioactive compounds from artichoke agro‐industrial residues.


We investigate the conventional wisdom that competition among interested parties attempting to influence a decision maker by providing verifiable information brings out all the relevant information. We find that, if the decision maker is strategically sophisticated and well informed about the relevant variables and about the preferences of the interested party or parties, competition may be unnecessary; while if the decision maker is unsophisticated or not well informed, competition is not generally sufficient. However, if the interested parties' interests are sufficiently opposed, or if the decision maker is seeking to advance the parties' decision maker's need for prior knowledge about the relevant variables and for strategic sophistication. In other settings, only the combination of competition among information providers and a sophisticated skepticism is sufficient to allow defective decision making.


We show that the short-time critical exponent $\theta$ related to the critical initial slip in a stochastic model can be determined by the time correlation of the order parameter. In our procedure it suffices to start with an uncorrelated state with zero order parameter instead of departing, as usually done, from an initial state with a nonzero order parameter. The proof uses the group of symmetry operations related to the Markovian dynamics. Our scheme is extended to cover models with absorbing states.


Configuration space obstacles are regions in a configuration space which represent forbidden configuration of the object due to the presence of other objects. They can be regarded as geometric objects which are representable using Boolean combinations of equations and inequalities. Moreover, they can also be represented using existential quantifiers which correspond to geometric projections. If the projected variables only occur algebraically then it is possible to eliminate quantifiers and represent configuration space obstacles in the semi-algebraic form. However, no matter how it is done, the quantifier elimination is computationally hard and the output in semi-algebraic representation is often large and cumbersome. Therefore, we are looking for a possibility to work directly with the quantified representation of the configuration space obstacles. We investigate combination of tools which can be used in conjunction with this quantified representation. The main idea is the use of interval evaluation on equations and inequalities involving some transcendental functions. We suggested an extended version of Constructive Solid Geometry system which has trigonometric functions as well as the usual Boolean operators. The combination of this system together with interval arithmetic allows simplification and spatial subdivision and pruning to be done in a natural way. We also raise the possibility of an extended Constructive Solid Geometry system which would have projection and boundary formation as operators. This would allow compact representation of the configuration space, but presents computational problems which are, as yet, unsolved. ? Supported by the scholarship Technolgiestipendien Sudostasien 2005/2006 (Postdoc) awarded by the Austrian Exchange Service – Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OAD), Academic Cooperation and Mobility (ACM).


The synthesis and mesophase properties of partially fluorinated alkoxy‐substituted benzoic alkyl and succinimidyl (NHS) esters with one, two and three perfluoroalkyl alkoxy chains are reported. The mesophases were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction of non‐oriented samples. The SmA phases of the one‐chain methyl esters are monotropic, while those of the one‐chain NHS esters are enantiotropic. The more wedge‐shaped two‐ and three‐chain alkyl esters do not form mesophases, whereas the succinimidyl analogues exhibit hexagonal columnar phases. Their enhanced mesophase stability is caused by the higher polarity of the succinimidyl ring with respect to the alkyl ester groups. Aggregation of the dipolar succinimidyl groups, together with the microsegregation of the lipophilic and fluorophilic segments of the partially fluorinated alkoxy chains, is assumed to lead to a threefold structured morphology in both the SmA and the Colh phases. This threefold structuring can be regarded as analogous to known morphologies of ABC triblock copolymers.


INTRODUCTION A renewed interest in objeetive and quantitative approaehes to the elassifieation of plant communities has led, within the past decade, to an extensive exalllination of systematic theory and technique. This examination, ineluding the work of Sorenson (1948), Motyka et al. (1950), Curtis & McIntosh (1951), Brown & Curtis (1952), Ramensky (1952), Whittaker (1954, 1956), Goodall (1953a, 1954b)? deVries (1953), Guinoehet (1954, 1955), Webb (1954), Eughes (1954) and Poore (1956) has acconlpanied theoretie studies in taxonomy [Fisher (1936), Womble (1951), Clifford & Binet (1954), Gregg (1954)] and in statisties (Isaaeson 1954). It is a Gonclusion of many of these studies that nature of unit variation is a naajor problenl in systematies, and that whether this variation is diserete, continuous, or in some other form, there is a need for appliGation of (uantitative and statistical methods. In eeologic elassifieation, an inereased use of ordinate systellls, sr hiGh has been stimulated by the developnlent of more effieient sampling teehniques and the collection of stand data on a large seale, has prompted the proposal of the term "ordination" ( Goodall 1953b ) . Goodall (1954a) has defined ordination as "an arrangenlent of units in a unior multi-dinlensional order" as synonylllous with "Ordnung," (Ramensky


Abstract The effect of water on the mechanical properties of extruded breads was studied, at room temperature. As the moisture content was increased from 6 to 9% moisture, the resistance to fracture (compression tests) or rupture (tensile tests) was improved. Above this moisture range, plasticisation by water was the dominant phenomenon. The brittle to ductile transition was observed to occur within a moisture content range from 9 to 13·7% (w/w). The influence of water on the crispness of extruded bread, evaluated with sensory evaluation, is also described.


Over the past decade, wind power has rapidly developed, bringing great challenges to power system frequency control. To enable wind turbines (WTs) to operate with independent frequency regulation similar to that of synchronous generators, the development of strategies for wind power frequency regulation has received increasing attention. Here, a frequency regulation strategy by wind power based on limited over-speed de-loading curve partitioning is proposed. On the basis of the rotor kinetic energy control, the relationship between the de-loading capacity of over-speed control and wind speed is studied. Combined with the data fitting, the limited over-speed de-loading level curve of the WT is obtained to partition over-speed de-loading and pitch de-loading; this approach maximizes the use of over-speed de-loading and enhances the frequency regulation capacity of the WT. Finally, based on DIgSILENT/PowerFactory software, a four-machine two-zone power system model and an IEEE-39 bus system are built, and the control effects of this control strategy under different penetration levels, different wind speeds and different de-loading levels are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the control strategy can effectively improve the frequency response capability of wind power systems.


This paper empirically investigates the interplay between buyer search behavior and firm pricing strategy in a commodity market where many firms price compete to sell homogeneous products. We use the heterogeneity in buyers' search costs to explain why a firm offers periodic price discounts and enjoys a high profit. An estimation method is proposed to recover the non-parametric distribution of the search costs from the price and transaction volume data. With both data, we show that the search cost distribution can be estimated non-parametrically in a sequential search model, and estimation results from a non-sequential search model are robust to the assumption of the maximum number of searches. We also show the commonly observed high-low pricing strategy can be an optimal strategy for firms when buyers search prices sequentially. As an empirical application, we use the proposed method to estimate the search models using data on a commodity product sold by a firm in a B-to-B market. The models predict a high profit margin for the firm that is consistent with the data, but the sequential search model fits with the observed price distributions and supply costs better than the non-sequential search model.


In 1990 I defended my PhD Thesis Visual-Chromatic-Motor System for the Communicative Development of the Hearing Impaired, unpublished* Dr Alberto Millán Chivite was a member of the board, reason why this paper is included in this volume in his honour. This paper includes the section on the comprehension component, i.e. the visual perception of morphochromatic signals, which we can see as having spatial-temporal properties, and the same defining features as those of human natural languages.


Abstract The Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT) is used for selection among applicants to higher education in Sweden. A test taker can, according to the rules for the SweSA T, repeat the test as many times as he/she wants, and the best obtained score is used in the selection procedure if a test taker has more than one valid test score. The effects of repeated test taking is a matter of concern, and earlier studies on the SweSAT indicate that there is a gain in score between the first and the second test taking. With these results as a basis the actual study describes differences in obtained score for all repeaters who have taken the SweSA T exactly twice, and their score at the first test taking are compared with their score at the second test taking. All repeaters at five regular testings are included in this study, and score changes totally as well as on the level of subtests and groups are studied. Difference scores are transformed to standardized mean difference scores in order to compare diffe...


High-performance reconfigurable computers have the potential to exploit coarse-grained functional parallelism as well as fine-grained instruction-level parallelism through direct hardware execution on FPGAs.


The intelligent prevention and treatment of a disease must depend on a definite knowledge of its cause. When we began the study of scarlet fever, no organism had fulfilled all the requirements of Koch's laws, and it was generally considered a disease of unknown etiology. A review of the literature of scarlet fever, in 1912, showed that two facts were apparently established: First, that hemolytic streptococci are practically constantly associated with scarlet fever. Second, that during the course of the disease, there is developed an immunity to hemolytic streptococci. This immunity had been demonstrated by the opsonic index, and complement fixation, and especially by means of the agglutination test. We were able to verify these facts by means of cultures and immune reactions reported in 1914 and 1916. But the association of an organism with a disease, and even the development of immunity to it, do not constitute proof of


The thousand islet lake in zhejiang province is one of the four freshwater fish,annual output of fish organic base about 5000 tons,have 2 million peasants in fishery breeding,sales and processing industry;Meanwhile the thousand islet lake is famous tourism and leisure resort,in recent years,return to nature,experience of farming,low carbon economy has become the people advocated by way of recreation.Using the thousand islet lake advantaged natural ecological environment,the fishery resources,combination of fishery production and planning design related activities and recreational space,provide experience for people and achieve the fishery activities leisure,entertainment,fitness purpose,vigorously develop the thousand islet lake recreational fisheries service economy is a very good development path.


Measurements of optical absorption coefficient (α) were made on Bridgman-grown CuInSe2 samples, over the wavelength range 1300 to 1600 nm, at room temperature. The samples were obtained from multi-crystalline ingots, grown from melts of composition CuInSe2+x, plus y atomic % of elemental sodium. Here, x, the excess of Se over stoichiometry, ranged from 0 to 0.4 and y, the percentage of Na in the melt, ranged from 0 to 11 at %. It was found that α was considerably increased by the original Na in the melt and also by a stoichiometric deficiency of Se in the melt; that is with a melt formula corresponding to CuInSe1.8, (or x = - 0.2). A smaller increase of α was observed with increase of x, the Se excess. With the addition of Na2Se in the melt, little change was obtained compared with the large increase with elemental Na.


Changes in the specific surface, pore size and content of Lewis (siloxane) and Brønsted (silanol) surface groups for high-silica nanoporous glass with a sponge-corpuscular structure depending on their thickness and storage time are studied and interpreted in terms of porous structure features, hydration and aging effects.


In black-box testing of GUI applications (a form of system testing), a dynamic analysis of the GUI application is used to infer a black-box model; the black-box model is then used to derive test cases for the test of the GUI application. In this paper, we propose to supplement the test with the verification of the black-box model. We present a method that can give a guarantee of the absence of faults, i.e., the correctness of all test cases of the black-box model. The black-model allows us to formulate a parametrized verification problem. As we will show, it also allows us to circumvent the static analysis of the GUI tool kit. We have implemented our approach; preliminary experiments indicate its practical potential.


The purpose of the effector combination or mixing logic is to convert the flight control system (FCS) acceleration demands to thrust vector control (TVC) or aerosurface deflections or thrust variations commands. This chapter describes the mixing logic algorithm, which optimizes the actuator effectiveness, because it takes into consideration the vehicle geometry, thrusts, angle of attack, mass properties, aero-surface coefficients and the capability of each effector in the required directions. It presents the derivation of a mixing-logic matrix for a vehicle that is controlled by gimbaling TVC engines, throttling engines or reaction control jets, and aerosurfaces. Selecting an effector combination logic by inspection is not very easy and, hence the chapter shows the use of the mixing-logic algorithm. The mixing-logic matrix is illustrated with a space shuttle example where the flight control system stability and performance during ascent are analyzed.


Background: :This study was conducted to analyze the clinical features and therapeutic outcome for brain abscesses caused by gram negative bacilli. Methods: 41 patients with gram negative bacillary brain abscess, out of a total of 278 cases, 25 males and 16 female aged 2-72 years were reviewed at IMS, BHU and JN Medical College Hospital AMU, over a 17 year period for Predisposing factors, clinical feature and therapeutic outcome. Results: The most common presenting symptoms were headache, vomiting, fever and altered sensorium. At the time of admission 26.10% had GCS <9. Temporal and temporoparietal was the commonest site and 14.6% had multiple abscesses. The common predisposing factors were otic infection, penetrating trauma and chest infections with diabetes mellitus being the main underlying disease. CT and MRI facilitated early diagnosis. Surgical intervention was done in 97.1% cases. The most common pathogen isolated was pseudomonas in otogenic group, E. coli in head injury group and Klebsiella in hematogenous spread. 39.04% cases were multidrug resistant with pseudomonas being the main culprit. The overall mortality was 26.8% with the presence of septic shock and multidrug resistance being the poor prognostic factors. Conclusion: Brain abscesses caused by gram negative bacilli are not rare and often have a high prevalence of septic shock, multidrug resistance and death. Clinical presentation and therapeutic outcomes vary according to different pathogenic species. In light of high mortality rate an early diagnosis and prompt management is essential to maximize the chance for survival.


Submitted: 18 July 2020 Approved: 21 July 2020 Published: 25 July 2020 Cite this article: Patel M. Antimicrobial Paper Embedded with Nanoparticles as Spread-Breaker for Corona Virus. Am J Nanotechnol Nanomed. 2020; 3(1): 001-012. Copyright: © 2020 Patel M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. American Journal of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine


To study the impact of freeze-thaw cycling on the asphalt pavement in the area of Wuhan, asphalt mixture specimens through 0, 10, 20 and 40 freeze-thaw cycles are tested respectively, mainly to measure the technical indices such as the dynamic elastic modulus and loss in mass, etc. Meanwhile, full depth rut test is conducted on the said specimens to obtain the rule of variation of dynamic stability (DS) and rut depth (RD) with the number of freeze-thaw cycling. It is shown in the study that the impact of freeze-thaw cycling to the rut in the asphalt pavement shall not be overlooked.


Squeeze in adjustment and pointer adjustment are two main technologies which can be adopted by SDH transmission systems.The implement principle,characteristics and the interrelation of these two technologies are described. The waiting period jitter analysis and the jitter-removal technique are also given.


ion — specific removal of bonded atom from a structure. A reaction that removes an atom from a structure. AC — alternating current. Accommodation — voluntarily thickening the lens of the eye to focus diverging rays of light from nearby objects on the fovea of the retina; visual focusing on nearby objects. Acellular — cell-free. Acetylcholine — a chemical neurotransmitter. Acetylcholinesterase — enzyme that rapidly degrades acetylcholine. Acidophilic — acid-loving. Acoustomechanical conversion — conversion of acoustic energy into mechanical energy. Action potential — complete sequence of electrical events accompanying and following the nerve impulse. Active site — the restricted part of a protein to which a substrate binds. Adduct — in chemistry, an addition product or complex; in biomechanics, to draw together physically separated components. Adiabatic — change in pressure or volume without loss or gain of heat. Adipocyte — fat cell. Adipose — fatty; pertaining to fat. ADP — adenosine diphosphate; has one energy-rich phosphate bond. Adrenergic — activated or energized by adrenalin (epinephrine). Adsorption — attachment of a substance to the surface of another material. Aerobic — needing oxygen to live or function. Aerobots (aerobotics) — aerial (flying) robots. Afferent — in relation to nerves or blood vessels, conducting toward structure or organ; carrying impulses toward a center, as when sensory nerves carry sensory information toward the brain or spinal cord. Affinity (constant) — the strength of the binding of a ligand to a receptor, or the reciprocal of the dissociation rate constant; a measure of the binding energy of a ligand in a receptor; the greater the affinity, the more securely the receptor binds the ligand. AFM — see Atomic Force Microscope. Aft — toward the rear. Agglutinin — an antibody present in the blood that attaches to antigens, such as those found on the surfaces of red blood cells, causing them to clump together; agglutinins cause transfusion reactions when blood from a different group is given. Agonist — in pharmacology, a drug which binds to a receptor and thus stimulates the receptor's function, possibly mimicking the body's own regulatory function. Compare antagonist. Albumin — one of a group of simple proteins widely distributed in plant and animal tissues. ALC — airborne lethal concentration. Algorithm — in general, a formula or set of rules for solving a particular problem; in medicine, a set of steps used in diagnosing and treating a disease. Alimentary — pertaining to the digestive tract. Nanomedicine • Volume I 398 Alimentography — a physical description (and mapping) of the human alimentary canal. Aliquot — a portion obtained by dividing the whole into equal parts without a remainder; loosely, any one of two or more samples of something, of the same volume or weight. Alkali — strongly basic substance, especially the metal hydroxides, usually associated with the alkali metals (e.g. sodium and potassium). Allele — one of several alternative forms of a gene occupying a given locus on paired chromosomes. Alloantigen — a substance present in certain individuals that stimulates antibody production in other members of the same species, but not in the original donor. See also antiserum. Allometric scaling laws — in biology, scaling laws that involve a biological variable that is an exponential function of the mass of the organism. Allosteric control — the ability of an interaction at one site of a protein to influence the activity of another site. Allotropic — pertains to the existence of a chemical element or compound in two or more distinct forms with different physical and chemical properties (e.g. diamond and graphite are allotropes of C). Alphanumeric — able to contain both alphabetic and numeric characters. Alveolus (alveolar) — in anatomy, a small cell or cavity; a saclike dilation. Most commonly, a small air sac found at the lowest levels of the branching tube system comprising the lungs. AM — amplitude modulation. Amide — a molecule containing an amine bonded to a carboxyl group (e.g. CONH2). Amide bonds link amino acids in peptides and proteins. Amine — a molecule containing N with a single bond to C and two other single bonds to H or C (but not an amide); the amine group or moiety (e.g. -NH2). Amino acid — a molecule containing both an amine and a carboxylic acid group; there are 20 genetically encoded amino acids in biology. Amniotic — pertaining to the amnion (the innermost of the fetal membranes). Amphipathic — molecular structures which have two surfaces or ends, one of which is hydrophilic and the other of which is hydrophobic. Lipids are amphipathic, and some protein regions may form amphipathic helices with one charged face and one neutral face. Anabolism — the constructive phase of metabolism and the opposite of catabolism; in anabolism, a cell takes from the blood the substances required for repair and growth, building them into a cytoplasm, thus converting nonliving material into the living cytoplasm of the cell. Anaerobic — able to live or function without oxygen. Analgesia — absence of normal sense of pain. Analog — pertaining to data measurable and representable through continuously variable physical quantities. Compare digital. Anaphase — the phase of mitosis (cell division) beginning with centromere division and the movement of chromosomes away from the metaphase plate toward opposite spindle poles. Anaphylactoid-type reaction — a physiological response similar to anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis — the immediate transient kind of immunologic (allergic) reaction characterized by contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries due to release of pharmacologically active substances (e.g. histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, etc.); a powerful allergic response. Anaphylaxis is classically initiated by the combination of antigen (allergen) with mast cell-fixed, cytophilic antibody (chiefly IgE immunoglobulin), but can also be initiated by relatively large quantities of serum aggregates (antibody-antigen complexes, and other) that seemingly activate complement leading to production of anaphylatoxin. Anastomose — to open one structure into another directly or by connecting channels, usually said of blood vessels, lymphatics, and hollow viscera; to unite by means of an anastomosis, or a connection between formerly separate structures. AND gate — a logical gate that returns a high (1) output if and only if both input signals are high (1). See bit. Anergic — unresponsive. Aneutronic — without neutrons. Angioedema — a condition characterized by development of urticaria (hives) and edematous (swollen with excessive fluid) areas of skin, mucous membranes, or viscera. Angiogenesis — growth of new blood vessels, especially capillaries. Anion — a negatively charged ion. Anisotropic — not isotropic. Anode — the positive pole of an electrical source. ANS — see autonomic nervous system. Antagonist — in pharmacology, a drug that prevents receptor function. Compare agonist. Anterior — the front of the human body, on or nearest the abdominal surface; the front of something. Anteroinferior — in front and below. Basic Capabilities • Glossary 399 Anteroposterior — passing from front to rear. Anthropogenic — caused by human activity. Antibody — a protein (immunoglobulin) produced by B-lymphocyte cells that recognizes a particular foreign antigen, thus triggering the immune response. Antigen — any molecule or foreign substance that, when introduced into the body, provokes synthesis of an antibody, thus stimulating an immune response. Antiserum — serum that contains demonstrable antibody or antibodies specific for one (monovalent) or more (polyvalent) antigens. Aorta — the largest artery in the human body, leading away from the heart. Apheresis — removal of blood from an individual patient, separating certain elements (e.g. red cells, platelets, white cells) for use elsewhere, and reintroducing the remaining components into the patients; also known as cytapheresis, hemapheresis, leukapheresis, pheresis, and plasmapheresis, depending on the type of cells being harvested. Apical — pertaining to the apex (e.g. the point of a cone) of a structure. Apoptosis — an orderly disintegration of eukaryotic cells into membrane-bound particles that may then be phagocytosed by other cells. Aqueous humor — transparent liquid contained in the anterior chamber of the eyeball in front of the lens. Aromatic compounds — in chemistry, ring or cyclic compounds related to benzene, many having a fragrant odor. Arrhythmia — irregularity or loss of rhythm, especially of the heartbeat. Arteriovenous — relating to both arteries and veins. Artery — in anatomy, a blood vessel that sends blood to the tissues from the heart. Aseptic — characterized by the absence of living pathogenic organisms; a state of sterility. Asperities — protruding elements of roughness on a surface, e.g., burrs or spurs. Asphyxia — condition of hypoxia caused by insufficient oxygen intake. Assembler — see molecular assembler. Asymptotic — in geometry and mathematics, a curve that approaches closer and closer, but never quite reaches, another curve or line. Asynchronous —not synchronized in time. atm — atmosphere, a unit of pressure; mean air pressure at Earth's surface is 1 atmosphere (~1.01 x 10 N/m). Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) — an instrument that uses atomic forces between a sample and a sharp scanning needle tip to image surfaces to molecular accuracy by mechanically probing their surface contours; the AFM measures the tiny upward and downward motions of the tip as the tip is dragged over the surface, producing an atomic-resolution topographic map of the surface. The AFM has also been used to physically manipulate individual molecules. Atom laser — a laserlike device that uses beams of coherent atoms rather than photons. ATP — adenosine triphosphate; has two energy-rich phosphate bonds. Auscultation — the process of listening for sounds w


The accurate classification of forest types is critical for sustainable forest management. In this study, a novel multiscale global graph convolutional neural network (MSG-GCN) was compared with random forest (RF), U-Net, and U-Net++ models in terms of the classification of natural mixed forest (NMX), natural broadleaved forest (NBL), and conifer plantation (CP) using very high-resolution aerial photographs from the University of Tokyo Chiba Forest in central Japan. Our MSG-GCN architecture is novel in the following respects: The convolutional kernel scale of the encoder is unlike those of other models; local attention replaces the conventional U-Net++ skip connection; a multiscale graph convolutional neural block is embedded into the end layer of the encoder module; and various decoding layers are spliced to preserve high- and low-level feature information and to improve the decision capacity for boundary cells. The MSG-GCN achieved higher classification accuracy than other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. The classification accuracy in terms of NMX was lower compared with NBL and CP. The RF method produced severe salt-and-pepper noise. The U-Net and U-Net++ methods frequently produced error patches and the edges between different forest types were rough and blurred. In contrast, the MSG-GCN method had fewer misclassification patches and showed clear edges between different forest types. Most areas misclassified by MSG-GCN were on edges, while misclassification patches were randomly distributed in internal areas for U-Net and U-Net++. We made full use of artificial intelligence and very high-resolution remote sensing data to create accurate maps to aid forest management and facilitate efficient and accurate forest resource inventory taking in Japan.


Abstract Bluegill age and growth data were obtained from 24 small farm ponds near Ithaca, New York. Criteria for annulus recognition were developed from scales of known-age bluegills which consisted of original stock in the ponds. Twelve separate criteria permitted recognition of annuli in nearly all samples. The 24 body-scale relationships estimated in the present study were compared with 18 relationships determined by 10 other authors after units of measurement had been standardized. Body-scale relationships were found to be approximately rectilinear for the key-scale area used in this study except for bluegills below 1.5 inches. The hypothesis that differences between intercepts (i.e., correction factors) were due only to chance variation was tested and rejected. From a practical standpoint, however, inaccuracies resulting from use of an average intercept were found to be negligible. Bluegills occasionally fail to form annuli near the focus or at the margin. Validity of annulus determination and back-c...


We present the first study to explore the use of out-of-turn interaction in websites. Out-of-turn interaction is a technique which empowers the user to supply unsolicited information while browsing. This approach helps flexibly bridge any mental mismatch between the user and the website, in a manner fundamentally different from faceted browsing and site-specific search tools. We built a user interface (Extempore) which accepts out-of-turn input via voice or text; and employed it in a US congressional website, to determine if users utilize out-of-turn interaction for information-finding tasks, and their rationale for doing so. The results indicate that users are adept at discerning when out-of-turn interaction is necessary in a particular task, and actively interleaved it with browsing. However, users found cascading information across information-finding subtasks challenging. Therefore, this work not only improves our understanding of out-of-turn interaction, but also suggests further opportunities to enrich browsing experiences for users.


Abstract Consider a supercritical Crump‒Jagers process in which all births are at integer times (the lattice case). Let μ̂(z) be the generating function of the intensity of the offspring process, and consider the complex roots of μ̂(z)=1. The root of smallest absolute value is e-α=1∕m, where α>0 is the Malthusian parameter; let γ* be the root of second smallest absolute value. Subject to some technical conditions, the second-order fluctuations of the age distribution exhibit one of three types of behaviour: (i) when γ*>e-α∕2=m-1∕2, they are asymptotically normal; (ii) when γ*=e-α∕2, they are still asymptotically normal, but with a larger variance; and (iii) when γ*<e-α∕2, the fluctuations are in general oscillatory and (degenerate cases excluded) do not converge in distribution. This trichotomy is similar to what has been observed in related situations, such as some other branching processes and for Pólya urns. The results lead to a symbolic calculus describing the limits. The asymptotic results also apply to the total of other (random) characteristics of the population.


This paper discusses the concept of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) in export prices. Exchange rate variations affect international price-competitiveness of exports and their profitability in domestic currency terms. ERPT for exports refers to the degree to which exchange rate changes affect prices of traded goods measured in importer's currency, i.e., whether changes in exchange rates are passed on to foreign consumers or absorbed by exporters, to retain market shares, by maintaining stable prices in international markets. The choice depends on the assumptions regarding the international market structure and product differentiation. Magnitude and speed of pass-through helps understand the relation between exchange rate changes and its impact on trade balance. In this paper, we estimate the ERPT for Indian aggregate non-oil exports and find low pass-through over the long period between 1960-2007. The magnitude increases slightly in the post-1991 period in the wake of competitive currency adjustments by many developing countries. It can thus be argued that currency adjustments alone cannot bring about an adjustment in current balance. There is a need to pay attention to commodity mix and aspects of non-price competitiveness to improve shares in world exports.


A piece of ectoderm was taken from the neural plate area of an early neurula (Ambystoma mexicanum) and replaced by competent gastrula ectoderm. Neural tissue was induced in these transplants, and the amount of neural tissue was used to estimate the spreading of the neural inductive stimulus. Dependence was tested of the amount of neural tissue formed in the transplants on the following factors: distance of the transplant from the dorsal midline of the host, age of the host, age of the transplant. The first two factors had no influence on the results but age of the transplant turned out to be decisive. The distance of the transplant from the midline of the host did not influence the amount of neural tissue found in the transplant, even in transplants out side the normal neural plate area neural differentiation was induced.


Continental Earth's crust is subdivided into two parts – upper, brittle crust (namely geological) and low, ductile crust (namely physical). This idea has been investigated by many researchers on the base of seismical data, laboratory study of rock specimens at high thermo dynamic conditions and on the base of theoretical speculations [1, 2, 3]. In this presentation this idea is investigated on the base of the deep soundings with powerful controlled sources such as MHDgenerator "Khibiny", industrial power transmitting lines (experiment "FENICS") and with taking into account results of superdeep drilling on Fennoscandian shield. The summary analysis of the obtained data allows to draw a conclusion that the upper part of continental crystalline earth's crust has a thickness of the order of 10-12 km. Its principal peculiarities are: the sharp horizontal heterogeneity of electrical properties, a wide range of variations of electrical resistivity from 10 till 10 Ohm·m, a high porosity, brittleness, and a presence of fluids (meteoric waters) that penetrate from the day time surface to the depths of up to 5-10 km. Upper crust is the most actively involved in geological processes. The low crust belongs to the depth interval from 10–12 to 35–45 km (up to the Moho boundary). It is remarkable by horizontal homogeneity of electrical properties and high electrical resistivity in the range of 10–10 Ohm·m, by the low porosity and increased ductility. Electrical conductivity of the low crust is mostly determined by influence of planetary physical– chemical parameters (pressure, temperature, and viscosity), phase transitions of substances depending on geodynamic peculiarities of evolution for different segments of the Earth crust. As an area of physical processes influence, the low crust is nearer by its origin to the upper mantle then to the geological Earth crust. The low and upper parts of the Earth crust are subdivided between each other by the boundary of the sharp increase of electrical resistivity at the depth around 10-12 km (so called Boundary of impermeability for DC currents, BIP zone). At the same depth the sharp increase of rocks solidity, viscosity has been met in the Kola superdeep hole. This transition zone between the upper and lower crust is related with hypothetic Conrad boundary predicted by seismic data by the stepwise increase of longitudinal waves from 6 to 6.5 km/s.


Abstract A second-order instability analysis has been performed for sinuous disturbances on two-dimensional planar viscous sheets moving in a stationary gas medium using a perturbation technique. The solutions of second-order interface disturbances have been derived for both temporal instability and spatial instability. It has been found that the second-order interface deformation of the fundamental sinuous wave is varicose or dilational, causing disintegration and resulting in ligaments which are interspaced by half a wavelength. The interface deformation has been presented; the breakup time for temporal instability and breakup length for spatial instability have been calculated. An increase in Weber number and gas-to-liquid density ratio extensively increases both the temporal or spatial growth rate and the second-order initial disturbance amplitude, resulting in a shorter breakup time or length, and a more distorted surface deformation. Under normal conditions, viscosity has a stabilizing effect on the first-order temporal or spatial growth rate, but it plays a dual role in the second-order disturbance amplitude. The overall effect of viscosity is minor and complicated. In the typical condition, in which the Weber number is 400 and the gas-to-liquid density ratio is 0.001, viscosity has a weak stabilizing effect when the Reynolds number is larger than 150 or smaller than 10; when the Reynolds number is between 150 and 10, viscosity has a weak destabilizing effect.


This paper examines the effects of the financial crisis of the 1930s onthe path of aggregate output during that period. Our approach is complementary to that of Friedman and Schwartz, who emphasized the monetary impact of the bank failures; we focus on non-monetary (primarily credit-related) aspects of the financial sector--output link and consider the problems of debtors as well as those of the banking system. We argue that the financial disruptions of 1930-33 reduced the efficiency of the credit allocation process; and that the resulting higher cost and reduced availability of credit acted to depress aggregate demand. Evidence suggests that effects of this type can help explain the unusual length and depth of the Great Depression.


We demonstrated that SPL waveform data, together with associated phases, are able to constrain crustal and upper mantle seismic wave velocity structures. Forward modeling is done using a reflectivity algorithm and optimization is carried out using an algorithm called very fast simulated annealing (VFSA). The code runs efficiently on multiple processors using MPI routines. The advantages of VFSA include  It is derivative free and therefore, the objective function can be changed to include disparate datasets without any changes in the algorithm, and  Models from multiple VFSA runs can be used to obtain estimates of uncertainty.


Phylogenetic analyses were performed on the 17 taxa in the subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini) as a means of resolving classifi- cation conflicts and of identifying monophyletic groups. Results demonstrated that the subtribe is monophyletic and is composed of three monophyletic genera: Aulacopalpus Guerin-Meneville (nine species),Brachysternus Guerin-Meneville (seven species), and Hylamorpha Arrow (one species). Characters that define the genera are discussed, and the biogeography of the group is discussed. The genus Aulacopalpus is revised and now includes A. aconcaguensis new species, A. castaneus (Laporte), A. ciliatus (Solier), A. clypealis Ohaus, A. pilicollis (Fairmaire), A. punctatus (Fairmaire and Germain), A. pygidialis Ohaus, A. valdiviensis new species, and A. viridis Guerin-Meneville. The generic nameTribostethes Curtis is placed in syn- onymy with the valid name Aulacopalpus Guerin-Meneville; the species nameAulaco- palpus fulvovirens Ohaus is placed in synonymy with the valid name Aulacopalpus castaneus (Laporte); the species name Amblyterus variabilis Philippi is placed in syn- onymy with the valid name Aulacopalpus punctatus (Fairmaire and Germain); and the species name Aegolasia michaelseni Kolbe is placed in synonymy with the valid name Aulacopalpus pilicollis(Fairmaire). Aulacopalpus viridisGuerin-Meneville is designated as the type species for the generic name Amblyterodes Germain. Phytholaema herrmanni herrmanni Germain is designated as the type species for the generic name Melicurus Germain, and the genus is transferred from the Brachysternina to the tribe Xylonychini (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) as a junior synonym of the genus PhytholaemaBlanchard. A lectotype is designated for each of the following names: Amblyterus variabilisPhilippi, Aulacopalpus clypealisOhaus, Aulacopalpus fulvovirensOhaus, Aulacopalpus pygidialis Ohaus, Bembegeneius fulvescens Solier, Tribostethes ciliatus Solier, and Tribostethes pilicollis Fairmaire. A neotype is designated for Aegolasia michaelseni Kolbe, Aulaco- palpus viridis Guerin-Meneville,Brachysternus castaneus Laporte, Tribostethes punc- tatus Fairmaire and Germain, and Tribostethes virens Philippi and Philippi. Descriptions of all species are included. A key to the genera of Neotropical Anoplognathini and species in the genus Aulacopalpus is provided. Resumen


An improved method has been devised for the computational prediction of a collision between (1) a robotic manipulator and (2) another part of the robot or an external object in the vicinity of the robot. The method is intended to be used to test commanded manipulator trajectories in advance so that execution of the commands can be stopped before damage is done. The method involves utilization of both (1) mathematical models of the robot and its environment constructed manually prior to operation and (2) similar models constructed automatically from sensory data acquired during operation. The representation of objects in this method is simpler and more efficient (with respect to both computation time and computer memory), relative to the representations used in most prior methods. The present method was developed especially for use on a robotic land vehicle (rover) equipped with a manipulator arm and a vision system that includes stereoscopic electronic cameras. In this method, objects are represented and collisions detected by use of a previously developed technique known in the art as the method of oriented bounding boxes (OBBs). As the name of this technique indicates, an object is represented approximately, for computational purposes, by a box that encloses its outer boundary. Because many parts of a robotic manipulator are cylindrical, the OBB method has been extended in this method to enable the approximate representation of cylindrical parts by use of octagonal or other multiple-OBB assemblies denoted oriented bounding prisms (OBPs), as in the example of Figure 1. Unlike prior methods, the OBB/OBP method does not require any divisions or transcendental functions; this feature leads to greater robustness and numerical accuracy. The OBB/OBP method was selected for incorporation into the present method because it offers the best compromise between accuracy on the one hand and computational efficiency (and thus computational speed) on the other hand.


R0 The Scientific Method, as presented in textbooks, is indispensable for designing and executing certain types of investigations. Yet, it fails utterly for others. Indeed, I have seen grant applications turned down because the proposed experiments followed the Scientific Method. When should we use this Method, and when should we not? When should we teach it, and in what context? There have been many reports, in these pages and others, that either show us how to teach the Scientific Method more effectively, or that attempt to prove that the Scientific Method is dead. What is going on? Why are there such great differences of opinion?


The main approaches and processed for content based video retrieval are summurised.The shot mutation(based on pixel,template matching,based on histogram,based on the video features) evolution detection(double comparative,model-based,based on compressed domain) methods and key frame extraction methods(based on the color feature,based on the border shot,based on the shot,based on the kinematic analysis and so on) are studied in depth.Finaly,an optimal video analysis framework is presented.


The creation of an international energy market has brought along new challenges. In order to palliate any abuse towards the foreign investors, a strong protection framework was developed: the so-called investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) coupled with the arbitration. Recent cases have, however, highlighted that private institutions are becoming so powerful that they can prohibit states from implementing changes without being threatened by arbitral proceedings. This threat works as a limitation of state sovereignty. Currently, the system puts the interests of private corporations above the needs of the population. ISDS in the energy sector has always been a poisoned gift for developing countries.


The UK has often led the world by example, and so it should with climate change.1 The NHS is respected the world over, and should be a flagship for sustainable healthcare.

In …


This book explores the growing tension between the requirements of employers for a flexible work force and the ability of parents and communities to nurture their chidren and provide for their health, welfare and education. Global competition and the spread of information technology are forcing business to engage in rapid, worldwide production changes, customized marketing and just-in-time delivery. They are reorganizing work around decentralized management, work differentiation, and short-term and part-time employment. Increasingly, workers must be able to move across firms and even across types of work, as jobs get redefined. But there is a stiff price being paid for this labour market flexibility. It separates workers from the social institutions -family, long-term jobs, and stable communities - that sustained economic expansions in the past and supported the growth and development of the next generation. This is exacerbated by the continuing movement of women into paid work, which puts a greater strain on the family's ability to care for and rear children. Unless government fosters the development of new, integrative institutions to support the new world of work, the author argues, the conditions required for long-term economic growth and social stability will be threatened. He concludes by laying out a framework for creating such institutions.


Although virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMD) have been in use since the mid-1960s, the surge in public awareness and access to VR had spurred an increased interest in all industries to investigate the potential of VR as an interaction modality associated with high subjective presence. Many challenges need to be addressed through the disciplined application of research methods, especially combating VR sickness, if this potential is to be realised. This Engineering Doctorate thesis reports a series of investigations within the context of real-world development with a partner company (BMT Defence Service, a naval engineering consultant). The primary interest of the thesis is in the potential of VR for developing cases and uses for this technology in training. The target modality of training was a portable set-up, i.e. sitting down with a laptop, HMD and a game controller. This set up would prove beneficial for providing axillary training to personnel who are not always able to receive regular on-board training. It would also prepare people for situations which are difficult to simulate in real-world conditions. Example cases included familiarisation, line of sight tests, hazard recognition and evacuation procedures. An initial study of VR HMD experience in training scenario highlighted VR sickness as a key limiting factor for usability thus focusing the research on identifying and reducing the factors which induce VR sickness. Prior research suggest that static field of view restrictions could help but only at the cost of loss of presence. There were no reported studies of the effects of restricting the field of view dynamically thus this thesis presents two investigations of dynamic Field of View (FOV) constriction triggered by movement in a virtual space. It was hypothesised that a reduction in FOV reduced the induction of VR sickness. The problem with doing so however was that it may negatively influence presence as the change in FOV could distract the user. This thesis reports the development of a method for adjusting FOV to reduce simulator VR without loss of presence. Two dynamic FOV constriction studies are reported. The first failed to demonstrate a clear effect but subjective user reports suggested methodological and experiential issues in its design. Meanwhile, research into a similar method was published at the 3DUI Symposium at IEEE VR 2016. Fernandes & Feiner (2016) [1], who demonstrated that dynamic FOV constriction can reduce VR sickness without compromising presence. However, their work used interaction scenarios with normal walking in an unchallenging virtual environment. Users were not subject to the types of motion which literature suggests are most likely to induce sickness. Consequently, the second DFOV constriction study tested VR sickness reduction in


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a nanorod information storage medium is provided to form a nanorod record layer on a substrate with a sputtering method using a mask having a nanorod pattern. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing a nanorod information storage medium is as follows. A nanorod record layer is formed on a substrate(20) with a sputtering method using a mask(40) which having a pattern corresponding to a nano-rod array. A record laminate having multi record layers is formed by repeating the step of forming the nanorod record layer several times using different masks. The nanorod record layer forming step includes a step of forming nanorods through deposition using the mask and a step of forming a embedding layer for embedding the nanorods. A spacer layer is formed between the record layers.


We showed that Flt3L recruits and activates APCs within GBM. We tested adenoviral vectors expressing pro‐apoptotic transgenes [HSV1‐thymidine kinase (Ad‐TK), TNF‐á (Ad‐TNF‐á), FasL (Ad‐FasL) or TRAIL (Ad‐TRAIL)], that would release tumor antigens to be up taken by APCs recruited by Ad‐Flt3L for GBM immunotherapy. Ad‐TK, Ad‐FasL and Ad‐TRAIL exerted GBM cell death in vitro, but only Ad‐TK and, at a lesser extent Ad‐FasL, improved survival of GBM‐bearing rats. Also, Ad‐TRAIL and Ad‐FasL were very neurotoxic, while Ad‐TK did not induce any side effects. Thus, we treated large intracranial GBM in rats with Ad‐TK+Ad‐Flt3L, which significantly improved survival and induced antitumor immunological memory. Ad‐TK+Ad‐Flt3L induced intratumoral recruitment of APCs with features of immature pDCs (CD3−, CD4+, CD45R+ cells that were CD86− and MHCII−). In summary, TK is a very safe and efficient pro‐apoptotic strategy to induce GBM regression when combined with Ad‐Flt3L. Our results warrant further development of this approach for human GBM Phase I trials.


There are many situations where one expects an ordering among K⩾2 experimental groups or treatments. Although there is a large body of literature dealing with the analysis under order restrictions, surprisingly, very little work has been done in the context of the design of experiments. Here, a principled approach to the design of experiments with ordered treatments is provided. In particular we propose two classes of designs which are optimal for testing different types of hypotheses. The theoretical findings are supplemented with thorough numerical experimentation and a concrete data example. It is shown that there is a substantial gain in power, or alternatively a reduction in the required sample size, when an experiment is both designed and analysed by using methods which account for order restrictions.


This paper explores current practices in select theological schools regarding Doctor of Ministry concentrations and specializations, explore the semantics of each, and propose for consideration and dialogue the development of recommendations as to what might constitute a concentration, taking into consideration existing accreditation standards, the needs of learners and academy.


This paper presents a convenient structured light projection system for microscopic measurement, which is used to design the structured-light pattern on the computer, you can freely edit the pattern structure, color, geometric size, motion mode, projection brightness, contrast and other attributes. An optional path system with zoom function is designed, which can output 10 micron wide structured-light fringe. The vision system is established by using camera and microscope, which is used to shoot the pattern of structured-light, and the 3D morphology is reconstructed by analyzing the pattern of structured-light. The experimental results show that the system can project small feature-size structured-light patterns and is very suitable for 3D morphology measurement of micro objects from tens of microns to hundreds of microns.