Though not explicitly endorsed in the statute's text, courts have not hesitated to impose joint and several liability on defendants sued by the federal government under CERCLA, an environmental statute intended to enable cleanup of contaminated land and to impose liability on parties responsible for that contamination. However, because CERCLA cleanups cost many millions of dollars, CERCLA defendants vehemently contest joint and several liability by arguing the harm they caused is divisible from the broader contamination. Courts are ostensibly willing to accept these divisibility arguments whenever there is a "reasonable basis" for apportioning; yet in practice, nearly all courts render divisibility arguments untenable through their extreme reluctance to acknowledge this "reasonable basis" has been satisfied. In Burlington Northern, the U.S. Supreme Court confronted this highstakes and controversial issue. The Burlington Northern opinion upheld a district court's holding that a reasonable basis for divisibility existed, despite the fact that its apportionment was based on factors more simplistic and tenuous than circuit courts believed necessary. Though this decision is of obvious importance, courts and commentators attempting to interpret it have reached discordant conclusions. This article solves these interpretational difficulties by extrapolating from Justice Stevens' cryptically-worded opinion to articulate the standard that governs postBurlington Northern apportionment. It observes striking parallels between Burlington Northern and the Restatement (Second) of Torts § 433A long recognized as the "starting point" for CERCLA apportionment analysis and argues Burlington Northern implicitly held that the Restatement is the ending point


A wireless telecommunications system comprising at least one base station, a first terminal device and a second terminal device, wherein the first terminal device is a terminal device of a first type and the second terminal device is a terminal device of a second type, the second type being different from the first type, and wherein the at least one base station is configured to communicate data which is specific to the first terminal device in a synchronous manner and to communicate data which is specific to the second terminal device in a non-synchronous manner.


The demand for strictly professional engineering service will diminish in volume but will rise sharply in its qualitative standards, while the demand for quasi-professional services will increase markedly. This is one of the opinions voiced by Doctor Wickenden in a recent address,∗ full text of which is presented herewith. In order to prepare men to furnish these services most effectively, he concludes that their education should consist of a common matrix of 3 years, with a terminal year for men who purpose to enter the general service field, and a longer period of more profound and generalized scientific studies for those who aspire to the professional field — not a separate route for the purely professional engineer, but a "second mile."


Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is a powerful tool in simulating the flow in turbomachinery for further understanding of the flow mechanism, such as transition and flow separation; however, the large computational cost limits its application in high Reynolds number flow. Compared to the widely used Central Processing Units (CPUs) by most solvers, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) can provide higher computational speed and is beneficial to improve the solver efficiency. This work aims to develop a GPU-enabled parallelunstructured solver to speed up the high fidelity turbomachinery simulation. A set of low-dissipation schemes designed for unstructured mesh are implemented with the CUDA program model. Several key parameters affecting the performance of the GPU code are discussed in this paper. The results show that an acceleration ratio of 84~91 can be achieved with this unstructured GPU code. The transitional flow inside a compressor is simulated using this code, and the computational efficiency has been improved greatly. The transition process and mechanism are discussed and the role of K-H instability in the transition mechanism is verified. INTRODUCTION The unsteady flow in compressor blades received a great deal of attention in recent years, while the transition process and mechanism have been less explored despite its importance to flow loss. As the birth of turbulence, the precise prediction of transition is critical for accurate loss predictions of turbomachinery. However, the transition process is complicated when taking pressure gradients, Reynolds number, curvature and relative motion into account (Bario et al, 1998). In past years, many research results on flat plate (Keller et al, 1998, Roberts et al, 2006 and Lardeau et al, 2012) were obtained and few on blades (Zaki et al, 2006) because complicated shapes require sophisticated simulation methods. Considering the various factors to transition mentioned above, the best solution of numerical simulation to transition is Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). However, the fine mesh in Zaki's research (2006) was composed of 1025×641×129 points resulting in huge computational costs. Unlike DNS, LES resolves only large scales and small scales is modelled (Elsner et al, 2007). Although the scale of mesh is reduced sharply compared to DNS, for high Reynolds number flow LES will still lead to large computational cost, which is proportional to Reynolds number to the power of 9/4. Gourdain et al.(2015) performed the flow simulation in singlestage compressor with LES in 2015 and the CPU time of different grid scale is shown in Table 1. The large computational cost for high Reynolds number flow make it difficult to adopt LES to perform accurate simulation to transition and the flow solver needs to be promoted imminently to improve the efficiency of simulation.


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Communication is powerful instruments of interaction that provide equality to those who have a severe intellectual disability. We are presenting a comprehensive communication model to enhance their chances of interacting with others and improving professionals' understanding of intellectual disability. Most of the existing literature on different disabilities focuses on people who have some capacities to perform certain skills to a certain degree. Our model allows effective learning and proactive interaction for both the disabled and the professionals. Moreover, it offers resources and a wide range of knowledge about the syndromes and the right strategies to be used. The idea of this research paper arose out of an awareness that students with language learning disabilities are completely ignored in the educational system, and there are no special programs that cater to these students. They are placed in normal schools that are not prepared to deal with their unique difficulties. This paper, therefore, is an attempt to provide teachers with multiple-strategies models for teaching English language skills to these students at the intermediate level and beyond. Also, this research paper describes strategies for language learning and language use in regular language activities. Communication is powerful instruments of interaction that provide equality to those who have a severe intellectual disability. We are presenting a comprehensive communication model to enhance their chances of interacting with others and improving professionals' understanding of intellectual disability. Most of the existing literature on different disabilities focuses on people who have some capacities to perform certain skills to a certain degree. Our model allows effective learning and proactive interaction for both the disabled and the professionals. Moreover, it offers resources and a wide range of knowledge about the syndromes and the right strategies to be used. The idea of this research paper arose out of an awareness that students with language learning disabilities are completely ignored in the educational system, and there are no special programs that cater to these students. They are placed in normal schools that are not prepared to deal with their unique difficulties. This paper, therefore, is an attempt to provide teachers with multiple-strategies models for teaching English language skills to these students at the intermediate level and beyond. Also, this research paper describes strategies for language learning and language use in regular language activities.


Frictional resistance is an inherent problem to traditional feeding platforms of NC machine tools, while magnetic levitation is a good solution. The structure and operating principle of a magnetic levitation feeding platform based on the hybrid excited linear synchronous motor are proposed, and the FEA to the electromagnetic force and normal force of the motor is launched using Maxwell2D. To the problem of force ripple two optimization methods are adopted by simulating to prove the feasibilities of the direct driving by hybrid excited linear synchronous motors and the frictionless feeding of NC machine tools.


Learning Analytics (LA) is emerging rapidly in the field of education. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the advantages and issues of Learning Analytics in education. This paper reports a systematic literature review on learning analytics in educational settings. A total of 26 published papers and indexed journals collected from several databases were reviewed and analysed. Articles were coded into two categories: advantages and issues by using the NVivo 12 software. This paper identified advantages of using learning analytics in education which included teaching quality, management of educational institutions and forecasting, and prediction of risky students, while issues found in Learning Analytics were ethical and privacy, data collection and analysis, and evaluation process.


Sequence, "subtle" alternative splicing and expression of the CYYR1 (cysteine/tyrosine-rich 1) mRNA in human neuroendocrine tumors Abstract Background: CYYR1 is a recently identified gene located on human chromosome 21 whose product has no similarity to any known protein and is of unknown function. Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have revealed high human CYYR1 expression in cells belonging to the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES). These cells may be the origin of neuroendocrine (NE) tumors. The aim of this study was to conduct an initial analysis of sequence, splicing and expression of the CYYR1 mRNA in human NE tumors.


The Missionary Medical School for Women, Vellore ^outh India), is being converted into a Medical College teaching for the M.B.B.S. of the University Madras and has been provisionally recognized for ltle first two years. The University Commission ^xPects to visit the college in October 1945 with a view to full recognition. Moreover, it is planned to make it a college for men as well as for women. The appoint^eots include the following : R. G. Cochrane, m.d. j^las.), m.r.c.p. (Lond.), d.t.m.&h., as Principal, pW. Gault, m.d., m.s. (Melb.), f.r.c.s., as Professor of pathology. Draper, f.r.c.p. (Edin.), as Professor of Ph; Carman, m.d., f.r.c.s. (Cantab.), as p ajniacology. S. professor of Surgery. Jameson, mj>., f.r.c.s., as Proessor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.


In last year's issue of this Register Leo Panitch and Sam Gindin argued that deep economic integration of the most advanced economies had led to an unprecedented concentration of geopolitical power under US hegemony. The present contribution examines the possibility of a European counterweight to this power. Current discussions suggest two ways in which the European Union might represent a challenge to the concentration of power on the US: on the one hand, some member countries could be seen as exemplifying more efficient, more stable or more socially developed economic systems; on the other, the relations among member countries could constitute a superior model of international economic and political organization to that which is today promoted under US leadership.


4-Methoxyl-4′-phenoxy benzophenone was synthesized by the reaction of diphenyl ether with equal molar (4-methoxyl)benzoyl chloride. Then the (4-methoxyl-4′-phenoxy) benzophenone reacted with diphenyl sulfoxide in the medium of P_2O_5 and CH_3SO_3H at 80 ℃ for 24 h and a new triarylsulfonium salt was obtained. The structure of this new triarylsulfonium salt was identified by ()~1H NMR and ()~(13)C NMR. The new triarylsulfonium salt can be used as a cationic photoinitiator.


Infrared thermography is rapidly developed and widely used in industry in recent years.It can be applied to the diagnostication of industrial equipment internal defects.The basic principle of infrared thermography and the diagnostic algorithm based on heating rhetorical question is presented in this paper.As an application,the inner flaw of oil pipe is detected by the infrared thermography.


The invention discloses an organic-inorganic biological fertilizer for preserving moisture and loosening soil. The organic-inorganic biological fertilizer comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 95-100 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, 0.5-1.5 parts of lauryl alcohol ethyoxyl ammonium sulfate (not less than 25%), 0.5-1.5 parts of high-polymer water-retaining agent and 0.5-1.5 parts of microbial agent. The organic-inorganic biological fertilizer has the advantages of being environmentally-friendly, preserving moisture and loosening soil, improving the fertilizer utilization rate and improving the soil structure.


Good relationships in psychotherapy emerge as a necessary but not sufficient condition in all research about effective mental health services. Good relationships depend on establishing empathy. Empathy occurs when one person vicariously experiences the feelings, perceptions and thoughts of another. Most of the research on empathy predicates the shared understanding of emotions, thoughts and actions of one person by another. In western cultures this is typically done by focusing exclusively on the individual while in traditional non-western cultures empathy more typically involves an inclusive perspective focusing on the individual and significant others in the societal context. I explore the reframing of "empathy" based on an individualistic perspective, into "inclusive cultural empathy" based on a more relationship-centred perspective as an alternative interpretation of the empathic process.


Objective To explore the characteristics of intelligence characteristics in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods From June 2007 to May 2010,43 preschool children at the age of 4 to 6 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 32 healthy preschool children at the same age were recruited in this study.Their intelligence was evaluated with Chinese- Wechsler Young Children Scale of Intelligence(C-WYCSI).Informed consent was obtained from all participates.Results The verbal intelligence quotient(VIQ),performance intelligence quotient(PIQ) and full intelligence quotient(FIQ) of preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were at the normal range,but were significantly lower than those of control group(P0.05).Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had significantly lower scores of information,arithmetic,vocabulary,picture concepts,comprehension,AE,Ma and block design than those of control group(P0.05).Twenty-two children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 3 children in control group had discrete scores between verbal intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient(≥15 scores).The difference of children who had discrete scores between verbal intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient was significant(P0.05).In factor analysis,the scores of verbal comprehension,perceptual organization an,visual stimuli comprehension,simultaneous processing,following processing and action plan of ADHD group were significantly lower than that of the controls(P0.05).Conclusion Preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have lower intelligence quotient(IQ) scores than that of normal children and their balance between verbal intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient was poor.


[Objective]The research aimed to study simulated method on the release of sediment pollutants in the Temple Lake.[Method]For existing pollution status of the Temple Lake,sediments and overlying water were sampled by the integrated device.Based on the technical route,through the orthogonal test,release processes of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediment were simulated,and their release speeds were estimated under different temperatures,pH and DO in the laboratory.Relationship between environmental factor and pollutant release was explored.[Result]The integrated device of sediment sampling and test had simple structure,cheap cost and easy operation,and sediment pollution test could be conducted without disturbing sediment after collecting sediment.Among the studied three impact factors,temperature had the maximum influence on contaminant release process,which should be considered as the important factor of future research.[Conclusion]Compared with routine research method of sediment contaminant release from other lakes,simulated method of contaminant release from sediment in the Temple Lake had many advantages,which was favorable for scientific research in latter period and actual lake control.


Introduction: In the 20th century, the West African Sahel has been a hot-spot of climatic changes. After severe drought-events in the 1970s and 1980s which were followed by a significant drop in annual precipitation, rainfall seems to increase again during the past years. This study breaks the spatial and temporal scale down to the weather-station of Linguère and analyses the benefits of daily rainfall data compared to annual sums.


Vero Wynne–Edwards–or Wynne as he was affectionately known to his friends and colleagues–died in his sleep on 5 January 1997, in his 91st year. His life had thus spanned most of a century, his only marriage had lasted 68 years until his death, his scientific publications had appeared over a period of 68 years, and he had held the Regius Chair of Zoology at Aberdeen for 28 years, until his retirement in 1974. Only one person, among his early biological colleagues, has outlived him.


A difficult situation arises for special educators when they are asked to serve as active advocates for handicapped children, while simultaneously being employed by a public school system, institution of higher education, or state education agency charged with responsibility for implementing various aspects of Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Potential conflicts in roles are discussed. Numerous examples of "advocacy dilemmas" are presented, along with a variety of pertinent questions.


Background:Currently the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis is mainly made by endoscopy and histopathology.In recent years determination of serum pepsinogen(PG) and gastrin-17(G-17) are used for screening of chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer in Japan,Norway and Finland.Aims:To investigate the changes of serum PGⅠ,PGⅠ/PGⅡ ratio(PGR) and G-17 in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.Methods:Two hundred and ninety-six patients underwent endoscopy from May 2005 to May 2007 were recruited according to the inclusion criteria at Beijing Friendship Hospital.These patients were divided into three groups by histopathologic diagnosis:control group(n=42),chronic non-atrophic gastritis group(n=148) and chronic atrophic gastritis group(n=106).Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ and G-17 were assayed by radioimmunoassay.Results:Serum level of PGⅠ and PGR value decreased and serum G-17 level increased significantly in chronic atrophic gastritis group as compared with those in the controls(P0.05).Accompanied by aggravation of gastric atrophy,serum level of PGⅠ and PGR value decreased gradually in atrophic corpus gastritis and multifocal atrophic gastritis(P0.01),and serum level of G-17 decreased gradually in atrophic antral gastritis(P0.01).Conclusions:Detection of serum PG and G-17 levels can be used in the screening of chronic atrophic gastritis.If abnormal,endoscopy should be performed to make final diagnosis and guide the treatment.


INTRODUCTION: Alexithymia is a cognitive-affective style and a personality construct that is associated with various physical and psychological disorders. It refers to a personality trait associated with difficulties with identifying or describing feelings, mental imaging and fantasy, and external cognitive orientation
AIM: To access the problem of alexithymia among the Academic (Dental and Ayurvedic) students of an Institution in North India.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: A questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was carried out among the medical students of D.J. Group of Institutions, Modinagar, Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board, Modinagar and informed consent was obtained from all the study participants prior to the study.
RESULTS: The questionnaire based study was carried out among 252 medical students of D.J. Group of Institutions, Modinagar, Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Out of which 113 students were of Ayurveda and 139 were dental students. The inter group comparison of respondents according to course of study in which majority of the Ayurveda students were having significant result for the alexithymia problem.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that alexithymia plays significant role in decreasing self-efficacy in academic students. As alexithymia is high in college students and affects self-regulation, goal orientation, and academic function, we suggest that mental physicians routinely evaluate medical college students for alexithymia.


The article is devoted to the creative work of an outstanding guitarist of the XX th century Andres Segovia, who brought guitar performing art in the leading position among other musical instruments and created the conditions for the reproduction and approval of new cultural and performing phenomenon Academic guitar art. In order to realize multiple appropriatenesses of guitar art it is exceptionally important to identify and systematize the principles of interpretational-performing work on a piece of music, which is based on the creative method by A. Segovia. The subject of this article is the study of performing and interpretive skills of A. Segovia (on example of «Chaconne» by J.S. Bach), the aim of the article is to identify the principles of interpretative works of Segovia in aspect of the creation of the author version of performance of a musical work. The scholar novelty of this study is connected with the precedent of the intonation-performing analysis of named transcription for guitar by A. Segovia to be presented through the prism of author''s interpretative principles. The results of the study include a wide range of identified and systematized principles of interpretative work by A. Segovia, which provide the maximum authenticity of Bach''s works conception in a dialectically changing realities of musical art of the XX th century. At the same time A. Segovia innovatively modified the technical capabilities of guitar to create aesthetically sophisticated intonation component of the artistic image.


With the use of the excitation fluorescence spectra of algae, Portable Algae Classification Fluorometer (PACF) made the rapid and in situ classified measurement of the algae come true. In order to improve real-time capability and stability of the system, a system-embedded instrument is designed based on ARM7 and μCOSII. The system, with the advantage of strong real-time and stability, small size, low cost and convenient extension, can satisfy the needs for long-term stable operation in field environment.


Median filters are very important nonlinear filters, finding many applications in image and speech processing. In recent years analogue implementation of nonlinear filters has gained new interest. In this work, a novel current-mode analogue median filter is proposed. The design employs a combination of current absolute value circuits with a current minimum circuit and a majority gate.


Applying a broadly Wittgensteinian view of knowledge and its relation to the conditions in which the word "know" is ordinarily used, the paper defends the claim that there can be knowledge (and thus also truth) in moral matters and rejects the idea that a cross-culturally homogeneous moral language is a necessary condition for this. However, the fact that moral knowledge is available sometimes does not imply that it is available always. Taking issue in particular with Ronald Dworkin, the paper also argues that where moral questions are a matter of judgement, there may well be no right answer to them and, further, that this is a feature by no means unique to moral discourse.


This study looks into the analysis of macroeconomic correlation between economic growth and unemployment rate. Moreover it demonstrates this correlation within the present economic development of manufacturing companies, especially in the conditions of economic recession caused by world financial crisis. The analysis itself above all explores economic growth expressed by GDP indicators, and in addition it defines its correlation with unemployment rate in present conditions. In doing so, the correlation dependence between GDP and unemployment rate during present so called "post-crisis" status quo is compared with the growth of GDP and unemployment rate drop in the pre-crisis period. At the same time the economic development of manufacturing companies is analyzed and its correlation dependence on the number of employees participating in production is defined. Study furthermore looks into the way, how this discovered trend in economic production growth and the employment within manufacturing companies matches macroeconomic indicators of GDP growth and unemployment rate presented by state statistics.


Severe obstetric hemorrhage is the most feared obstetric emergency that can occur to any woman at childbirth. If unattended, the hemorrhage can kill even a healthy woman. The Hemorrhage accounts for nearly one-quarter of all maternal deaths and for almost half of all postpartum deaths in low-income countries. The most common type of obstetric hemorrhage is postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), mainly primary. PPH occurring within 24 h postpartum. Primary PPH is the focus of this article. This was a cross sectional observational study conducted in a Tertiary care hospital conducted from November 2010 to June 2012 having high no of referrals from city as well as periphery. The cross tabulations were used to study the demographic, obstetrical and medical factors in women with severe obstetrical haemorrhage. Total number of patients admitted in labour room was 12,800 and 12,356 patients delivered during this period. Results showed that severe obstetrical haemorrhage (more than 1500 ml) was in 115 patients (prevalence of 0.9%). The prevalence of severe obstetric haemorrhage was 0.9 %. As 85.2% 0f the patients in study were unbooked, it contributed the high prevalence rate & antenatal care. A large proportion of the patients (62%) were multipara. Mortality in this study was 21.73% and morbidity was 78.26%. Most common cause of obstetric haemorrhage in this study was uterine atonic pph. The frequency and impact of severe hemorrhage can be effectively reduced by reducing avoidable risk factors, especially those related to obstetric interventions as increased Caesarean section rate and induction of labor. Other risk factors not amenable to change such as age, ethnic origin, and preexisting medical diseases or bleeding disorders can be minimized by extra vigilance and planned conjoined management.


Disclosed are a LED driving circuit capable of achieving stability of operation via a negative feedback connected in parallel to a LED group including a light emitting diode and a driving method of the same. A current control unit operating the negative feedback contains a current detecting circuit which is a bipolar junction transistor. The current detecting circuit changes amount of current between a collector and an emitter depending on a variation of a standard input voltage. The current control unit also contains a constant current driving circuit which is a MOS transistor. The constant current driving circuit, during the negative feedback operation, supplies a constant current even in the changes of the input voltage by operating in an active region.


yellow fever was epidemic in Quebec in 1805 and in Halifax in 1861. While one does not wish to question the authenticity of these two epidemics; nevertheless, the writer has been unable to find any record of them. In fact, in the year 1805 in a letter dated Quebec, September 11, 1805, from Thomas Dunne, who was administering the province following the death of the Governor, to the Earl Cambden, we find this reference to the health of the country: "I am happy to inform your Lordship there is no appearance of any malignant or infectious disorders in this province and that it has not for several years past been visited by any disorders of the kind." In this year, 1805, the disease was epidemic in New York and it might not be amiss here to quote from a despatch of October 8, 1805, sent to Canada by Colonel Bowes: "This city (New York) is nearly deserted by the inhabitants in consequence of the yellow fever having made its appearance a month since; at first it was generally fatal, latterly many have recovered; it still rages badly considering the few persons in town; the streets, houses, and wharves on the east and south side of the city are entirely evacuated. We are anxiously looking for cold weather, for until the frost appears we cannot expect to be healthy." It may be that some cases found their way into Quebec hospitals at this time from shipping, but there is no evidence of there having been an epidemic. A quarantine was established in Canada against American ports due to the presence of yellow fever in the following years: 1793, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1802 and 1805. The writer has been unable to trace the epidemic of 1861 in Halifax. Dr. W. H. Hattie, Assistant Dean of the Faculty of Medicine of Dalhousie University, and who was formerly chief medical officer of the Province of Nova Scotia, has been unable to find any reference to that epidemic, although he personally recalls a number of occasions when yellow fever was imported by troops from the West Indies during his early days in Halifax.


Objective: To discuss the dose-effect relationship of maxingshigan decotion( MXSGD) in anti-asthmatic effects,and reveal characteristics of dose-effect relationship of Chinese compound preliminarily. Method: The influences of the 9 dose groups of MXSGD on the histamine phosphate induced asthma in guinea pigs were recorded and analyzed by the biological signal collection system,its dose-response curve was drawn in a dose as abscissa,effect as ordinate and the dose-effect relationship of multiple linear regression analysis. Result: MXSGD 1. 33,3. 0,10. 13 g·kg- 1could significantly prolong the incubation period of asthma( P 0. 05),the dose-effect relationship between the asthma incubation period of equationwas Y = 86. 31 + 1. 2X- 0. 063X2; MXSGD could significantly shorten the duration of asthma( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01),the dose-effect relationship equation asthma duration effect Y = 13. 99 + 0. 44X- 0. 014X2. Conclusion: The dose-effect relationship of maxingshigan decotion in anti-asthmatic effects is a non-linear,with the increase of the dose,indexes of effect on asthma animal model is increased.


. From May till November 1994 the diet of rufie was investigated in the shallow eutropic Lake Vörtsjärv, South Estonia. A total of 187 ruffes of standard length (SI) of 4.3—12.0 cm were examined. In addition, 35 ruffes were examined in September— October 1995. Ruffes of Sl over 4.5 cm (age 1+ and older) are typical benthophagous fish consuming mainly chironomid larvae and pupae (over 95% of the weight of their food). Chironomus plumosus (91%), Einfeldia carbonaria (36%), апа Microchironomus tener (31%) had the highest occurrence frequency. The most important food item was C. plumosus (about 98% of the chironomid biomass in stomachs). Smaller ruffes consume mainly zooplankton. Chironomids are also the main prey ilems for eel (Anguilla anguilla) and bream (Abramis brama) in L. Vortsjarv. Overlap in their diets appeared mostly in respect of C. plumosus larvae and pupac.


There are seven human herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV) cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesviruses 6 and 7 . One of the characteristics of these viruses is their ability to remain latent in the host after primary infection, reactivating in response to one of a number of, as yet poorly understood, stimuli. Thus an infected individual can suffer from recurrences of disease throughout life. The diseases these viruses cause can range from the severe and often fatal (e.g. herpes encephalitis), to milder conditions such as the vesicular lesions ('cold sores') of an oral HSV-1 infection (Table I). However, in the immunocompromised patient, these viruses are life threatening, and the emergence and spread of human immunodeficiency virus have obviously increased the number of cases of severe herpesvirus disease. There is therefore clearly a need for good antiviral therapies for the treatment of primary and recurrent herpes infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Because of the differences between these viruses and the diseases they cause a number of therapies may be required. There are six compounds currently available for the treatment of herpesvirus infections (Figure I). The first success in treatment occurred in the late 1960s with the use of topical idoxuridine to treat patients with herpes keratitis.' This was followed by the development of vidarabine for herpes encephalitis, neonatal herpes and zoster in the immunocompr~mised~-~ and trifluoridine for herpes keratitis.6 Although these compounds had some utility in the treatment of herpesvirus infection their use was limited because of their toxicities. In contrast acyclovir, developed in the late 1970s, has highly specific activity against several herpesviruses (HSV1, HSV-2, VZV), with little toxicity, and as such has superseded idoxuridine, vidarabine and trifluoridine as the drug of choice for the treatment of HSV or VZV disease. It is used in the treatment of herpes en~ephalitis,~ neonatal herpes' (although it is not more efficacious than vidarabine for this indication), mucocutaneous HSV infection in immunocompromised patients' as well as the oral treatment of herpes labialis" and genital herpes infections'' in normal immunocompetent individuals. However, acyclovir does have its limitations. It has little activity against CMV. The compound also has poor pharmacokinetics and is only 15%-20% absorbed after oral dosing." It is not very active in topical formulations especially for recurrent HSV disease,13 and is of little use in the management of CMV disease in the immunocompromised14 or of EBV induced mononucleosis.'5 Also (although acyclovir resistant virus has not been detected in normal patients receiving shortterm the rap^)'^,'^ there are now reports of drug resistant HSV or VZV in AIDS patients receiving prolonged acyclovir therapy. Alternative therapy is therefore required for these patients. Despite these limitations acyclovir has been a considerable clinical and commercial success and was the first compound to demonstrate the possibility of specific, nontoxic, antiviral compounds. There are two drugs available for the treatment of CMV infections. Ganciclovir and foscarnet are approved only for the treatment of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients. Both are administered intravenously and have associated toxicities (bone marrow toxicity with ganciclovir and renal impairment with foscarnet) and this limits their wider use for CMV infections. Despite this ganciclovir has some efficacy against CMV retinitis and peneumonia in AIDS patients, although maintenance therapy is required and relapse and toxicity are often problems.'' Similarly maintenance therapy with foscamet can lead to improvement in CMV retinitis, but again there is often relapse." In addition to these drugs, there are two further classes of agent available as therapy for herpesvirus infection; immunomodulators and immunoglobulin. Of the immunomodulators available, interferons have been used for the treatment of herpesvims infections in the immunocompromised host, e.g. chickenpox in the leukaemic child" or the prevention of reactivation of CMV after renal (but not bone marrow) transplantation.21'22 However, there are toxicities associated with these treatments (influenza-like symptoms) and interferon therapy has now been superseded by acyclovir. Hyperimmune globulins have also been used in the treatment of the immunocompromised. Varicella zoster immunoglobulin can be helpful in reducing the severity of chickenpox in leukaemic children and neonate^.'^ However, the utility of CMV immunoglobulin, in the management of CMV disease in transplant patients is not clear, although it can improve survival when used with ganciclovir for the treatment of CMV pneumonia in patients with bone marrow tran~plants.'~ Although immunoglobulins are safe and can be given intravenously in large amounts, they are expensive.


[1] Estimating carbon and energy exchanges in the soilplant-atmosphere continuum across spatial and temporal scales is a primary focus of coordinated interagency collaborations (i.e., U.S. Global Change Research Program, Climate Change Science Program, and the Carbon Cycle InterAgency Working Group) that are outlined in North American Carbon Plan [Wofsy and Harriss, 2002], Carbon Cycle Science Plan [Sarmiento and Wofsy, 1999], Intergovernmental Panel on Global Climate Change [Intergovernmental Panel on Global Climate Change, 1995] and other position papers. Eddy covariance (EC) has served well to define these exchanges over scales of 10–100 ha in relatively simple terrain under well-mixed conditions. These data have contributed to significant advances in our understanding of important ecosystem processes and quantifying the key biotic and abiotic processes that control these rates [Loescher et al., 2003, 2005; Law et al., 2002, 2003; Anthoni et al., 1999, 2002; Bowling et al., 2001; Clark et al., 1999; Goulden et al., 1996], and useful in developing regional approaches to constraining the global CO2 budget [Townsend et al., 2002; Battle et al., 2000]. However, extension to complex terrain and measurement under nonideal meteorological conditions requires new approaches. New approaches are also needed to increase our ability to scale these exchanges. The focus of this thematic issue is to quantify uncertainty in energy and carbon fluxes, and introduce new approaches for extending the measurements to larger scales. [2] This thematic issue presents a suite papers covering a wide range of topics including estimation of uncertainties in flux measurements, examination of problems associated with nighttime fluxes, extraction of physiological parameters from flux measurements, methodological issues with measurements, use of isotopic measurements, and regionalization. The section begins with Loescher et al. [2006] outlining the uncertainties associated with EC measurements (e.g., random and systematic errors, gap filling, and flows not accounted for), how these errors scale with time and space, and how these errors compare to the errors associated with traditional estimates of ecosystem respiration and net primary productivity. [3] Estimating the uncertainty in EC data can be challenging because the variability in 30-min EC estimates increase with the magnitude of the estimate, i.e., heteroscedastic quantities. Moreover, it is now a criterion to provide an estimate of uncertainty in EC estimates when reporting data from any (and all) AmeriFlux site. Hagen et al. [2006] provide a robust methodology to accomplish these goals. By using bootstrapping and an artificial neural network, these authors found by that the uncertainty in EC was 100% for 30-min estimates, but was reduced with longer temporal scales (annual estimates) to 10%. Their research site was micrometeorologically ideal (average and uniform surface roughness, flat topography), so other unaccounted flows did not likely contribute to this study. [4] The combination of thermally stratified, decoupled nocturnal boundary layers and structurally complex forest structures make nighttime EC estimates difficult to estimate and create the conditions when drainage of CO2 below the height of the measured turbulent flux can occur. Goulden et al. [2006] used remotely sensed data to examine potential nighttime CO2 drainage patterns in an Amazon forest and surrounding landscape, and identify when drainage flows develop and become significant. Juang et al. [2006] provide a promising inverse approach (Eulerian rather than Langrangian) using below-canopy air temperature to model ecosystem respiration. Lai et al. [2006] use stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of respired CO2 to partition the abiotic controls on ecosystem-level uptake and respiration from a C3/C4 grassland. [5] Using eddy covariance data to estimate annual integrals is hampered by incomplete data sets due to enviable data gaps due to calibrations, instrument failure, precipitation, and power problems. Gap filling strategies have included look-up tables, interpolations or estimates of uptake and respiration (e.g., those based on Ball-Berry and Q10 equations). Gove and Hollinger [2006] present an innovative methodology to gap fill data that relies on the heteroscedastic nature of EC-derived 30-min, and optimizes parameters used in uptake and respiration equations. [6] Wolf et al. [2006] invert a model and constrain the governing equations by measured EC data to estimate key ecosystem parameters from uncertainties associated with light use efficiency models that primarily stem from the JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 111, D14S91, doi:10.1029/2006JD007135, 2006


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of jump training on gait pattern and balance ability in hemiplegic stroke patients. For the purpose, the subjects of this study were classified into two groups, the one group was 9 jump training group, the another group was 8 elastic band exercise group. The exercise program were 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The results were as follows. At first, the jump training and elastic band exercise group improved walking speed after the exercise program, the jump training group revealed higher in walking speed and cadence than the elastic band exercise group after the exercise program in gait pattern. At second, the jump training and elastic band group improved Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Time Up & Go Test (TUG) after the exercise program, the jump training group revealed higher in BBS and TUG than the elastic band exercise group after the exercise program in balance ability. In conclusion, jump training revealed gait pattern and balance ability than elastic band exercise.


The aim of this study is to find out the effect of financial inclusion on bank efficiency in Indonesia. Data from 26 banks for the period of 2011 to 2016 is used to measure bank efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). While the data from the World Bank is used to calculate the ratio of outstanding loans of small and medium enterprises to total outstanding loans in banks to measure financial inclusion index. Panel data regression is done to analyze the effect and the result shows that financial inclusion has a positive and significant effect on bank efficiency where an increase in financial inclusion could improve bank efficiency. The result implies that the government must present a conducive financial environment for the implementation of the SNKI program that can improve financial inclusion and bank efficiency.


In the last few decades the importance of environmental protection, among other things, resulted in the intensive study of zeolites as ion-exchangers. Use of this technique has dual application: for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters and for the preparation of catalysts. For this reasons the equilibrium of sorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions using synthetic zeolite X has been studied by a batch technique. The experimental data obtained at constant temperature for the different initial concentrations of copper solutions have been analyzed using six types of isotherm models Two two-parameter isotherms, two three-parameter isotherms and two four-parameter isotherms. Non-linear regression method was used in order to calculate parameters of the isotherms. According to chi-square value the most appropriate equation for describing experimental equilibrium data was Radke-Prausnitz isotherm. This isotherm was combined with reactor model for batch reactor design.


In 2008, as coordinator and lecturer of a postgraduate allied mental health programme, I asked clinical supervisors and their supervisees who were completing the programme what their 'most difficult' practice scenario taken to supervision had been as part of a research project approved for ethics by Victoria University. Secondly, I asked clinical supervisees and clinical supervisors about how they had resolved or dealt with this practice issue. The aim of the research was to determine if the self reflective and reflexive process described by Napier and Fook (2001) and Gardner (2009) was experienced by the social workers and occupational therapists completing their postgraduate studies. The results indicate that for students, through discussing complex and difficult cases in clinical supervision, they came to view their practice both more positively and more self reflectively and reflexively through engagement in clinical supervision. For supervisors, the most difficult scenarios for those who were the students' line managers involved navigating a mixed role that balanced providing performance feedback in addition to clinical supervision. The implications for clinical supervision as the method of learning in fieldwork education are discussed.


In the paper, separate information about archaeological finds and predatory excavations on the territory of the Samara Governorate in the middle of the XIX-beginning of XX centuries is collected for the first time. The process of archaeological study of the Samara Governorate in the pre-revolutionary period of development of the Samara archaeology remains unexplored. As a result the author has made a set of archaeological discoveries and excavations made on the territory of the Samara Governorate in the second half of XIX-beginning XX centuries. The list of finds includes all facts of the discovery revealed during the research of archaeological sites and individual artifacts with indication of detection time, place, and composition of the find or treasure. The author revealed 142 evidences of found antiquities according to the research of the second half of XIX-early XX centuries. They are hoards of coins, jewelry, household items, religious objects and other finds accumulated in the scientific centers and museums in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, Samara, Saratov and Simbirsk. Many of finds are lost or their location is unknown. The issues raised in the paper are inseparably linked with the problem of accounting and protection of archaeological sites, preservation of cultural heritage.


This study aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the circumstances under which adult education, in particular adult basic education, can support and occasionally initiate participa ...


The present study aimed to know the moral values among primary school children. It also aimed to check moral values with reference to gender and Standard. The Moral Value Scale (MVS) by Dr. Alpana Sen Gupta & Dr. Arun Kumar Singh (2016) was used. The sample constituted total 120 primary school children out of which 60 were from boys (30, 5th Standard and 30, 7th Standard) and 60 from girls (30 5th Standard and 30 7th Standard). The data was collected from Ahmedabad City. The data was scored, analyzed as per the manual. 'F' test was being calculated. The result showed that 1. There is no significant difference in the mean score of moral values among the boys and girls primary school children, 2. The primary school children of 5th Standard group is having more moral values than primary school children of 7th Standard group and 3. There is no significant difference in the interactive effect of the mean scores of moral values with regards to the gender and standard.


Objective: This study aimed to produce an overview of RCT for treatments of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Method: All RCT studies for treatments of diabetic peripheral neuropathy were selected via PubMed. The general trend of RCT number, subject and result, including Oriental medicine, were analyzed. Result: A total 147 RCT studies were found. The number of RCT has rapidly increased since 2003. 114 RCTs were conducted with western drugs, while RCTs with electrical stimulation and Oriental medicine were eight and ten respectively. All RCTs with acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal drugs showed positive results. Conclusion: Oriental medicine-derived RCTs for diabetic peripheral neuropathy are very rare, even their potential was sufficient. This study may provide valuable information for development of Oriental medicine against diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the future.


Aspergillus nidulans snxA, an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hrb1/Gbp2 messenger RNA shuttle proteins, is - in contrast to budding yeast - involved in cell cycle regulation, in which snxA1 and snxA2 mutations as well as a snxA deletion specifically suppress the heat-sensitivity of mutations in regulators of the CDK1 mitotic induction pathway. snxA mutations are strongly cold-sensitive, and at permissive temperature snxA mRNA and protein expression are strongly repressed. Initial attempts to identify the causative snxA mutations revealed no defects in the SNXA protein. Here we show that snxA1/A2 mutations resulted from an identical chromosome I - II reciprocal translocation with breakpoints in the snxA first intron and the fourth exon of a GYF-domain gene, gyfA. Surprisingly, a gyfA deletion and a reconstructed gyfA translocation allele suppressed the heat-sensitivity of CDK1 pathway mutants in a snxA+ background, demonstrating that two unrelated genes, snxA and gyfA, both act through the CDK1-CyclinB axis to restrain the G2-M transition, and for the first time identifying a role in G2-M regulation for a GYF-domain protein. To better understand snxA1/A2 reduced expression, we generated suppressors of snxA cold-sensitivity in two genes: (1) loss of the abundant nucleolar protein nsr1/nucleolin bypassed the requirement for snxA; and (2) loss of the Set2 histone H3 lysine36 (H3K36) methyltransferase or a non-methylatable histone H3K36L mutant rescued hypomorphic snxA mutants by restoring full transcriptional proficiency, indicating that methylation of H3K36 acts normally to repress snxA transcription. These observations are in line with known set2 functions in preventing excessive and cryptic transcription of active genes.


The Ag-Cu-Pb ores of the Galena Mine in the Coeur d'Alene District of Northern Idaho are mesothermal, vein-type ores, localized along steeply dipping fractures in Proterozoic, Belt Supergroup rocks. The veins are primarily filled with siderite with lesser amounts of quartz, tetrahedrite (td), chalcopyrite (cp), galena (gn), pyrite (py), and arseno-pyrite (asp). Siderite and arsenopyrite deposition predates that of main-stage td, cp, gn, py, and quartz. Oxygen isotopic analyses of quartz show values ranging from 9.8 /per thousand/ to 18.0 /per thousand/, averaging 14.5 /per thousand/. The /delta//sup 18/O values of the Revett Quartzite country rock range from 12.2 to 13.8 /per thousands/. Calculated /delta//sup 18/O/sub H/sub 2/O/ at 325/degree/C is approximately 8.5 /per thousand/, suggesting exchange of isotopically light meteoric water with isotopically heavy country rocks. Analyses of carbon and oxygen isotopes in siderite are highly variable. The /delta//sup 13/C values vary from -8.3 to -4.4, as /delta//sup 18/O varies from 11.7 to 19.0 /per thousand/ respectively. These analyses describe a simple curve, concave to the /delta//sup 13/C axis. This trend may result from deposition from a constant carbon and oxygen reservoir of -5.6 /per thousand/ and 9.3 /per thousand/, respectively, with varying temperature. Fluid inclusions from quartz vugsmore » contain constant proportions of liquid H/sub 2/O, liquid CO/sub 2/, and vapor. The inclusions rupture before homogenizing at temperatures around 325/degree/C. Freezing temperatures average -7.5/degree/C, indicating a salinity of /approx/ 11 wt. percent NaCl Equiv. CO/sub 2/ comprises a mole fraction of .05 to .1 of extracted fluids. Analysis of water extracted from the inclusions show /delta/D to vary from -110 to -144 /per thousand/, strongly suggesting a meteoric water origin of the mineralizing fluid.« less


SUMMARY The Chilean subduction zone presents a unique opportunity to study trench outer rise deformation of the subducting oceanic lithosphere at different thermal ages. The shape of the outer rise for plate ages ranging from 0 to 50 Ma is predicted by using an elastic plate model with variable elastic thickness Te(x) as a function of the distance measured from the trench axis. In addition, the uncertainties of our results are estimated by performing a Monte Carlo-type analysis and we considered explicitly the sediment loading effect on the lithospheric flexure in regions where the trench is heavily sedimented. The results show a systematic reduction in Te of up to 50 per cent (or reduction in the flexural rigidity D of up to ∼90 per cent) from the peak of the outer rise to the trench axis. The reduction in Te and D observed in most of the bathymetric profiles is coincident with (i) high plate curvatures (>5 × 10 −7 m −1 ), (ii) strong bending moments (>10 16 N m), (iii) pervasive fracturing and faulting of the oceanic basement (as imaged by high-resolution bathymetry data) and (iv) reduction in crustal and mantle seismic velocities. The reduction in flexural rigidity towards the trench suggests a weakening of the oceanic lithosphere and is interpreted to be caused partially by fracturing and a likely increase in fluid-pore pressure. In general, our estimates do not show consistent increases in elastic thickness as a function of plate age. This result suggests that either Te is independent of plate age or Te depends strongly on other factors. These factors could include lithospheric weakening due to hydro-fracturing and the loading history of the plate prior to subduction.


The paper presents a critical approach to Psychologia kochania by Piotr Olesiński (Warszawa 2018). It discusses the main theses presented in the dissertation and invites to reflection focused on the psychological dimension of love, its role and place in human existence.


With more than one billion monthly users, Instagram is currently the fastest growing social networking site in the world. Its image-driven nature might encourage users to mainly share positive and idealized moments of their lives, as it has been argued. But how might the continuous access to information about other people's lives affect one's own satisfaction with life? While fear of missing out (FoMO) describes the fear that others might be having pleasing experiences which one is missing, the present study aimed to investigate whether FoMO might act as a mediator in the relationship between Instagram use and life-satisfaction. Furthermore, it was expected that Instagram use would be negatively associated with life-satisfaction, and positively related to FoMO. Additionally, it was hypothesized that FoMO would be negatively associated with satisfaction with life. To test these hypotheses, an online survey that was part of a larger study on smartphone use, was conducted. The final sample consisted of 109 participants with a mean age of 21,6 years, of which 76 were female and 33 were male. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed no significant association between Instagram use and life-satisfaction, and between Instagram use and FoMO. A significant, negative association was found between FoMO and satisfaction with life, indicating that individuals with lower FoMO tend to be more satisfied with their lives. As expected, the indirect effect of Instagram use on life-satisfaction was found to be significant, showing that a mediation effect of FoMO did occur. To conclude, it can be said that FoMO played a significant role in the relationship between Instagram use and satisfaction with life. Future research within the field should further investigate the concept of FoMO and focus on the development of strategies that help with its management in everyday life. Additionally, future studies should consider the different motives and types of Instagram use and the influence of other factors besides FoMO when investigating their relation to satisfaction with life. INSTAGRAM USE, LIFE-SATISFACTION & FEAR OF MISSING OUT 3


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine teacher involvement in different domains of decision making in Greek primary schools and explore associations with school and teacher variables.Design/methodology/approach – A survey employing self‐administered questionnaires, with a Likert‐type scale assessing teachers' actual and desired participation in three domains of decision making, was used. Scales measuring perceived school climate, self‐efficacy and job satisfaction were also included. Data were collected from 143 teachers working in primary schools located in different areas in Greece.Findings – The multidimensional approach to measuring teacher participation in decision making revealed quite high actual participation in decisions concerning students' and teachers' issues, but low levels of participation in managerial decisions. The discrepancy between the actual and desired levels of participation showed significant deprivation across all decision‐making domains. Greater participation in decisi...


By dividing the external clock generating a first preliminary division clock and the second pre-division clock and outputting both the first and second pre-division clock with a first frequency division clock and the second frequency division clock, or the first and second pre-dispensed dispensing control circuit for the first and the second output as the clock frequency divider to one of the clock; And a latch circuit for the first and second frequency divider responsive to the clock to latch external control signal, the first latch control signal and a second output as latch control signal.


. A new device has been developed for the direct measurement of soil strains under earthquake loading in centrifuge testing. The main body of the device is a potentiometer used to measure soil deformation directly. Two MEMS accelerometers are attached to either end of the device to obtain soil deformation as a semi-direct measurement method. Two different centrifuge models, a level sand bed and a slope, were prepared with dry sands to achieve small and large soil deformation, respectively. A series of model earthquake motions were applied to the centrifuge models. The strains obtained with the new devices are compared with the indirect measurement of Piezo-electric accelerometers. It is found that this new direct method to measure soil strain could be applicable for medium to large soil deformation, that is, in the case of relatively strong earthquakes.


FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to switches, particularly to configured electrostatic capacitive switch. The latter comprises substrate made from non-conducting material, conducting material made integral with said substrate so that a section of conducting element stays on substrate surface. It comprises also recording electrode arranged on substrate opposite side opposite said conducting element in position whereat gap is formed relative to conducting element. EFFECT: sensor switch that features high accuracy, lower costs and ease of wiring. 4 cl, 2 dwg


Optimally place input channels and detection channels, effectively provides an image reconstruction method using probes and the probe can be a near-infrared imaging. Probe according to the present invention (10) includes a probe body having a plurality of input channels and a plurality of detection channels are arranged (11), for performing a near-infrared imaging relative region of interest (16), which is an imaging target a probe disposed between the first input channel arranged in the upper region (19) (131), a first detection channel arranged in the lower region (20) (141), the left area (17) comprising a second input channel (132) that is, the second detection channel disposed in the right side area (18) (142), the.


This volume celebrates the centenary of Helene Weigel, founder and artistic director of the Berliner Ensemble, key artistic personality in the German Democratic Republic, and wife of Bertolt Brecht. A special "Forum" section is devoted to the exchange of letters between Brecht, Margarete Steffin and Arnold Zweig.


Mechanical spectra of aqueous dispersions of curdlan showed solid-like behaviour both at 40°, and at 70°, and the mechanical loss tangent for the dispersions decreased with increasing temperature. 2% dispersions heated at temperatures higher than 120° did not show any endothermic peak in the second DSC run heating curves, indicating that structures formed at higher temperatures than 120° are stable and thermo-irreversible. However, 2% dispersions prepared by heating in the temperature range from 55 to 115° were thermo-reversible. Stress-strain curves for cylindrical gels of curdlan prepared at 90° were determined.


Of all electro-dynamic machines, the direct-current machine probably is the best understood. It was the first machine to be commercially utilized and it is an interesting matter from an engineering standpoint to follow the evolution which this type of machine has passed through. The first great improvement to be incorporated in this type of machine was the application of commutating poles. As is the case in any radical development, engineering opinion was much divided as to the usefulness of such a construction. At first it was held that commutating poles were only useful where the service was severe, as, for example, in adjustable speed motors covering a large speed range. Today, however, it is well realized that commutating poles are advantageous in all kinds of direct-current machines, except in very small machines of fractional horse power output. It is well understood in the art that commutating poles alone do not offer a perfect solution of the direct-current problem, since there exists in such machines troublesome flux distortions. Many attempts have been made to overcome this by aid of distributed windings, and in this paper is described a form of such windings, which have given excellent results both from an operating and an economical standpoint. This distributed winding consists of two parts, one of which may be considered a counterpart of the armature, and is called a compensating winding. This winding opposes the armature reaction in every point around the circumference and effectively prevents any distortion of the flux. There is also a second winding for supplying the excitation and as is described in the paper, this winding is also distributed. By aid of such field windings, it is possible to meet very extreme conditions of service, for example, as is met with in high-voltage machines. In the machine that is described, the voltage between bars runs up to about 100 volts, or nearly four times the conventional value; nevertheless, the commutation is perfect. Machines rated 15 kw. have been built successfully up to 15,000 volts. One of the mechanical difficulties in building high-voltage, direct-current machines lies in the building of the commutator. A novel type of commutator is described in the paper. This commutator construction provides simple means for holding the segments together, and at the same time secures high insulation qualities.


The aim of this study was to analyze the connection between alcohol dependence and criminal behavior by an integrated genetic–environmental approach. The research, structured as a case–control study, examined 186 alcohol‐dependent males; group 1 (N = 47 convicted subjects) was compared with group 2 (N = 139 no previous criminal records). Genetic results were innovative, highlighting differences in genotype distribution (p = 0.0067) in group 1 for single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs 3780428, located in the intronic region of subunit 2 of the GABA B receptor gene (GABBR2). Some environmental factors (e.g., grade repetition) were associated with criminal behavior; others (e.g., attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous) were inversely related to convictions. The concomitant presence of the genetic and environmental factors found to be associated with the condition of alcohol‐dependent inmate showed a 4‐fold increase in the risk of antisocial behavior. The results need to be replicated on a larger population to develop new preventive and therapeutic proposals.


Calorimetrically determined energy losses for a series of niobium and niobium‐25 at.% zirconium samples carrying an af transport current agreed with those calculated from hysteresis loops determined by dc magnetization measurements. The results of this study showed that the energy losses in ultra‐high‐purity annealed Nb are less than those for any of the other samples studied at magnetic fields less than 1500 G. The magnetic field dependence of the energy losses in all of the samples studied is given by EL = E12hm, where EL is the energy dissipated per unit surface area per cycle and is independent of frequency, E12 is a constant which depends on the material and surface finish, and h = Hp/Hc1, where Hp is the peak ac field amplitude, and Hc1 is the lower critical magnetic field; m = n1 when h≤1, and m = n2 when h≥1. For both highly reversible and highly irreversible samples, n1 ≈ 3. For the least reversible samples, n2 ≈ 4, increasing to ∼8 for the most reversible samples studied. E12 generally increased...


Low-rank matrix models have been universally useful for numerous applications starting from classical system identification to more modern matrix completion in signal processing and statistics. The Schatten-1 norm, also known as the nuclear norm, has been used as a convex surrogate of the low-rankness since it induces a low-rank solution to inverse problems. While the Schatten-1 norm for low-rankness has a nice analogy with the ℓ1 norm for sparsity through the singular value decomposition, other matrix norms also induce low-rankness. Particularly as one interprets a matrix as a linear operator between Banach spaces, various tensor product norms generalize the role of the Schatten-1 norm. Inspired by a recent work on the max-norm-based matrix completion, we provide a unified view on a class of tensor product norms and their interlacing relations on low-rank operators. Furthermore we derive entropy estimates between the injective and projective tensor products of a family of Banach space pairs and demonstrate their applications to matrix completion and decentralized subspace sketching.


Let m be a positive integer. Then we show that the exponential Diophantine equation (12m 2 + 1) x + (13m 2 1) y = (5m) z has only the positive integer solution (x;y;z) = (1;1;2) under some conditions. The proof is based on elementary methods and Baker's method. Mathematics Subject Classication: 11D61


* r' -^Tiles shovvpff0!Gma treilte(I ^y Pilocarpine.?Mr. Struthers and M ylre-?Dr. Cfo ml P?^en^s illustrating the results of Bennett's the 10 ^ALLACF^hnw iBS?-N show?d a cas.e of early acromegaly.? case of cnno-n v 7 I microscopical sections and specimen from caee?ng?j)r^ t? ni ap hypertrophy of the tongue, shown at previous to Sf asthrna Ar 'yffIAX ?k?wed microscopical specimens from a e acarpal bonne '/ii LES an(l MrStruthers showed a series of


values but rather practices that pay careful attention to the material consequences of public action and the ramifications those actions have on a host of human and nonhuman actors. Throughout the dissertation, I discuss public action as having a variety of effects on a multitude of different actors. This argument is not based on a simple causality but rather an understanding of the public sphere as a dense network of human and nonhuman actors who use their agencies to shape each other and their shared worlds. The public is not merely a group of individuals relating to one another but rather a group of actors so intimately interconnected that their actions cannot help but reverberate throughout the network. In such an enmeshed environment, agency is not individual but rather is


Five commercial pectinases were used to investigate efficacy for improvement of juice yield and quality from Stanley plums. Pectinases, to a varying degree, improved the yield, color-assayed as release of anthocyanins, and clarity of the juice. A significant increase in the effectiveness of pectinases was observed as the concentration was increased from 0.01 to 0.60% v/w. However, at concentrations > 0.20% they tended to impart a bitter flavor in the juice. Among five pectinases, Clarex L at 0.20% produced higher yield and a sediment-free clear juice.


The current technological situation concerning Propylene Oxide production at home and abroad was introduced.The progress on several new processes was briefly analyed.Some proposals on development of domestic PO industry were put forward.


Health ewes of Qinghai semifine wool sheep were used to conduct a immuna test of injection of TIT double-lamb agent.The results were that the twin-lamb rate of Qinghai semifine wool sheep injected with three times of TIT double-lamb agent was 10.90% and one with two times of TIT double-lamb agent was 7.01%.There was a siginificant difference between the twin-lamb rate of the ewes injected with three times and two times of TIT double-lamb agent(P0.05).


The application of modern full azimuth seismic technology in the Cambro-Ordovician of the Tiguentourine Field, Algeria, has allowed stratigraphic interpretation of the sub-surface at an unusual level of detail. Careful use of analogues has given a high level of confidence in tunnel valley interpretations. Sub-division of the reservoir has also improved very significantly, backed up by improving well to seismic ties. The tool will be extremely valuable in well planning, understanding reservoir surveillance data, and in reservoir modelling. Principal contacts regarding this project are D.Buddery (BP; acquisition), B.Taylor (BP; instigator of the project, planning, processing).


Through mensuration and analyse on the growth character,resistance,form quality character and genetic variations of 42 families of E.saligna,the results showed that differences were 0.10-0.01,0.05-0.01 respectively,and 0.01.The tree volume is the dominating character index by choosing eximious families or unit.The differences in form quality including straightness,branch and natural train were 0.05prominent level amono families,and their variation coefficient is 6.95%-9.18%.This showed that form quality was also gist on selecting eximious families.The resistance is good and they could be able to bear-5℃ temperature among families,but there are no differences among families.Based on the growth character,considering both straightness and genetic gains,GB000014 10 eximious families were selected.The tree height,DBH and volume of 4 years these eximious families were respectively reaching 12.4m,12.3cm,0.071 37m3 and genetic gains of tree height,DBH,stem volume were 2.81%,3.35%and 21.03%.


A comprehensive error measurement plan was designed based on the structure and characters of the kinematic chain for a 5-axis turning-milling combine machine system to compensate errors.The measurement tests include two parts:the volumetric error between turning main spindle frame and milling spindle and the thermal error of turning main spindle.As the plan combined the tool and the working piece to be a complete kinematic chain,the problem of the turning main spindle chain error effect which was not considered in the single space measurement was solved.The comprehensive error compensation model of geometrical errors and thermal errors were also set up based on artificial neural network algorithm and then the volumetric error was compensated after measurement in body diagonals along three axes.The experiments show that the volumetric errors of four body diagonals are obviously decreased with the values from 15.24μm to 50.83μm after compensation and the compensation effects have been improved from 39.10%to 78.06%.The method improves volumetric error compensation accuracy.


If A and B are two points in the plane, with B lower and to the right of A, then we may consider the trajectory of an object travelling from A to B under the influence of gravity. The search for the trajectory minimising the time taken by the object gives rise to a mathematical optimisation problem involving an indefinite integral. Although the solution of this problem is known, a full detailed handling of the problem does not seem to be available. The aim of this article is to provide such a detailed study.


Monetary instability presents property valuers with particular problems. My view of the current situation is that of a practising valuer, but one who, since 1973, has also participated with other members of the profession in work to identify these problems, and to draft and publish valuation standards and guidance notes for valuers throughout the UK. No less important is the continuing work of keeping these standards under review and, where necessary, of updating them, together with the appropriate guidance notes to the profession.


In the federal state structure of Belgium the competence for environmental matters, including nature conservation, is bestowed to the Belgian federal authority in the territorial sea beneath the low water line and to the Flemish regional authority on land (including the tidal beaches) above the low water line. At the Flemish coast, several Natura 2000 sites have been delimited at sea as well as on land. In execution of the 'European Birds Directive' 49/709/EEC, 7 Special Protection Areas have been designated by different orders of the Flemish government (Map 1). In the framework of the 'European Habitat Directive' 92/43/EEC, already three Sites of Community Interest have been designated on land, and two areas in the Flemish territorial waters are recognised (Map 2).


Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections caused by bacterial pathogens seen mostly in developing countries. This study was done to assess the clinical and gram negative bacterial profile of pathogens causing urinary tract infection, which helps the clinician to diagnose early and give presumptive antibiotic to prevent complications. Methods: Specimen was collected in sterile, leak proof container by clean catch mid-stream technique. Isolation of uropathogens was performed by a surface streak procedure on both blood agar and Mac Conkey Agar (Himedia, India) using semi quantitative method by using standard loop technique and Identified as per standard CLSI guidelines. Antibiogram of the isolates was performed and read as per standard manufacturer's instructions. Results: UTI was more common in female children than male, and half were in the age group 1-5 years. Fever is the most common presentation (58.6%) followed by dysuria (46.4%) abdominal pain (45%) and decreased appetite (23.6%). Escherichia coli was the most common (73.6%) isolate followed in order by Klebsiella sps (15.7%), Citrobacter sps (2.1%) Proteus sps (5%) and Pseudomonas sps (3.5%). Nitrofurantoin (86%) was the most sensitive antibiotic followed by cefexime (84.7%), gentamicin (82%) and ciprofloxacin (81%) for E. coli. Klebsiella was sensitive to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin. Greater degree of resistance was noted to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. Conclusions: The common clinical feature assosciated with UTI was fever and commonest causative organism for UTI was E. coli. The appropriate antibiotic in-vitro were cefexime and gentamicin in this study. Higher degree of resistance was found in antibiotics such as amipicllin, cotrimioxazole, cephalexin, nalidixicacid.


The thesis promote the countermeasures of the non-fixed solution of RTK in the topographic mapping,it argues the skills and precautions in the topographic mapping.Besides,the way of making mapping controlling points by RTK in the topographic mapping is introduced,and the contrastive analysis of the data-collecting between RTK and the total station promote the application of RTK in the construction.


Disaster study is an interdisciplinary field in which a more active involvement of legal studies is required. While lawyers have contributed to legal instrument design i such areas as administrative organization on emergency rescue and disaster relief, many legal issues in the disaster response phases and succeeding phases of post-disaster rehabilitation and recovery have been left almost untouch.


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Prominent policy guidelines suggest that effective mathematics pedagogy assists students to "make connections" between various types of mathematical knowledge and between mathematical knowledge and real-life phenomena. This paper describes the perspectives and practices of two early years teachers involved in a reform that encourages teachers to help students make connections between forms of disciplinary knowledge and between disciplinary knowledge and real-life experience. The purpose of this description is to reveal strategies that assist students learn to make mathematical connections.


The phagocytic ability of neutrophilic leukocytes from patients with leukemia was studied using live Candida albicans as the test organism. In 19 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), the mean yeast cell number per neutrophil (phagocytic index) and the percent neutrophils which ingest Candida (percent phagocytosis) were normal. However, death of leukocytes was significantly increased. Candidal germ tube formation (both in number and size) and leukocyte clumping were markedly diminished. Similar findings were observed in 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in relapse. All these parameters were normal in 2 other patients with ALL in remission. In 6 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), the phagocytic index was significantly reduced, but the percent phagocytosis and death of neutrophils were normal. Germ tube formation and leukocyte clumping were also diminished. During remission, the phagocytic index returned to normal. It is suggested that neutrophils from patients with AML in relapse are able to ingest live yeast organisms but are not capable of normally killing them. Neutrophils of patients with CML also have impaired ability to ingest Candida. A biochemical or lysosomal defect of the neutrophil is postulated.


This article analyzes and studies the grounding system of a base's digital microwave station,and discusses the problem which exists in the digital microwave stations of the base for the moment,and it studies the measures of reducing the grounding installations of digital microwave station with an emphasis;and then discusses the problem of which appends chemical to debase grounding resistance.This article has some directive significance for the grounding constructing of alpine microwave station.


COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 19) is an infectious disease which is having a significant health and economic impact across the world. The primary source for the transmission of the disease, its detection and treatment methods are still unknown. Hence, a scientific response to this new corona virus is being hampered by a lack of knowledge on how it spreads, possible prevention measures and vaccinations, which all need to be investigated further. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and computer communication networks have a role to play, especially Machine Learning (ML) due to its learningfrom samples capability and applicability over distributed computer systems and networks. Such intelligent techniques have the potential to achieve an effective diagnosis of COVID-19 and similar infectious diseases, potentially surpassing current physicians' capability, according to recent reports, due to their ability to analyse vast numbers of possibilities and exchange findings in real time. Current computer communication infrastructures include smart devices having the sensing and data routing capabilities to communicate with each other using various protocols, potentially allowing disease updates to be accessed anytime from anywhere, and on which innovative ML-powered services could be developed. Due to their advanced technical capabilities, intelligent communication paradigms are making their way into the detection and treatment of COVID-19 and similar diseases: crisis reaction and coordination, open or private infrastructure control, and urban monitoring and treatment systems, are all examples of medical diagnosis areas in which intelligent communication systems may play an important role very soon. This Special Issue aims to solicit original research which contributes to the state of the art on the application of ML techniques to the problem of computer communication-assisted diagnosis of COVID-19 and similar diseases: we are interested in the latest theoretical developments, real-world applications and future perspectives on this topic. This Special Issue will bring together a broad multidisciplinary Expert Systems community, aiming to integrate ideas, theories, models and techniques from across different disciplines on intelligent solutions/systems, to inform how cognitive systems in Next GenerationNetworks (NGN) should be designed, developed, and evaluatedwhile exchanging and processing critical health information. The topics of interests include, but are not limited to


Introduction: As an exclusive group resulting from land requisition and demolition during the process of urbanization, the education of children belonging to land-loss farming families has received worldwide attention. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms and effects of land loss on adolescents' academic performance.Method: Using 5,133 family samples in 2014 and 3,810 family samples in 2018 from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study employed the PSM-DID and KHB models to explore the impact of land loss on the academic performance of rural adolescents.Results: The findings indicate that compared to non-land-loss families, the academic performances of adolescents in the land-loss families were lower. Additionally, land-loss families have a lower awareness of educational value. This verifies the logical mechanism of "land loss→ family education cognition→ family human capital investment→ adolescents' academic performance." Gender differences exist in the negative effects of land loss on adolescents' academic performance; land loss has a greater impact on boys.Discussion: The government should strengthen the training system for land-loss farmers, improve the social security system and state of female-led families, and focus on boys affected by land loss.


The invention discloses an automatic control method of an air conditioner of an automobile. The automatic control method of the air conditioner of the automobile comprises the steps that a controller initializes various parameters of a system, the controller reads detection values of sensors, a main parameter TD value and a temperature air door opening parameter Hi value are calculated according to the detection values of the sensors, and the controller achieves control over a compressor of the air conditioner, control over internal circulation and external circulation of the air conditioner, control over the air quantity of the air conditioner, control over air door modes of the air conditioner, and control over a temperature air door of the air conditioner according to the TD value and the Hi value. According to the automatic control method of the air conditioner of the automobile, automatic control over the environmental temperature of a compartment of the automobile can be achieved, and a driver can feel comfortable.


Early investigations on piezoelectric plates were based on a priori mechanical and experimental considerations. They assume plane stress and consider only transverse components of electric displacement and field. Beside, these were supposed constant in the plate thickness. Through an asymptotic analysis, this paper shows that mechanical hypotheses follow Kirchhoff-Love theory of thin plates. However, electric assumptions are found to be strongly dependent on the electric boundary conditions. That is, two regular problems should be distinguished: (1) the short circuited plate, for which only transverse electric displacement and field have to be considered-the electric potential is then found to be the sum of a known part, which depends on prescribed potentials, and an unknown part, which represents an induced potential and cannot be a priori neglected; the mechanical and electrical problems may be uncoupled; (2) the insulated plate, for which only in-plane electric displacement and field components are to be considered; the mechanical and electrical problems may be uncoupled for orthorhombic plates but not in general. Based on the above asymptotic analysis, two variational and local two-dimensional static models are presented for heterogeneous anisotropic plates. They are then applied to homogeneous and orthorhombic piezoelectric plates. For homogeneous orthorhombic piezoelectric plates, the electromechanical problem can be uncoupled. Hence, a mechanical problem is first solved for the mechanical displacement, then electric potentials are explicitly deduced from this displacement. Classical finite element codes having multilayer plate facilities can be used for solving the plate problems obtained.


Rental houses are the major housing style for rural migrant workers. There are some basic characteristics of rental houses: mostly locating in the intersection of city and countryside; mostly built on the homestead; low operation cost, and the main property support for local residents; distinctively different from foreign slums; highly praised by migrant workers. But the primary problems in rental houses for rural migrant workers have already existed, such as lag of government's planning and management, illegal status in law, imperfection of administration and public services for rental housing and migrants. Some policies for rental houses are as follows: paying attention to status and role of rental houses; strengthening study on rental houses for migrant workers, establishing relevant laws and regulations; making scientific plan for towns; accelerating reforms of homestead and rural collective-owned land for constructive use; keeping to "Management by Housing" method.


Recent memoirs published in Zagreb, Ljubljana, Sarajevo, and Podgorica offer glimpses into how the principals would like their roles in the events connected with the Yugoslav breakup and war to be remembered. The most indispensable of the ten memoirs under review are those by Janez Drnovšek and Janez Janša, who have differing perspectives on developments in Slovenia between 1988 and 1991; by Martin Špegelj, who outlines in detail his argument that Croatia should have laid siege to the Yugoslav Army barracks much earlier than was done; and by Raif Dizdarević, who provides interesting details on how Serbian leader Slobodan Milosević subverted the Yugoslav federation and put his protégés in charge of Montenegro, Kosovo, and Vojvodina. Sefer Halilović, Branko Mamula, and Špegelj challenge observers' usual conceptions of events, while Alija Izetbegović, Davorin Rudolf, and Zdravko Tomac offer more standard accounts. Hrvoje Šarinić provides details of his secret conversations with Milošević and other figures.


The course management system in open education is divided into course access mechanism and course clean-up mechanism.The course access mechanism includes program sources,and program access modes which are subdivided into "substantive" access standards and the "procedural" access standards.The course clean-up mechanism includes "substantive" evaluation and "procedural" clean-up mechanism.At present,the framework for the curriculum management mechanism in China's open education has formed,but some management details are to be thoroughly studied,such as the need to broaden the program sources,the strictness for the program access and the program exit mechanism.


Traditional paper media management mode is not beneficial for teachers to direct and supervise students writing thesis,and it was not beneficial for the administrative department to effectively supervise the whole progress either.Based on B/S structure and MVC mode,the system introduced in this paper uses electronic document as the media to realize the digital management of the thesis writing,and thus avoids the disadvantages of the traditional management mode.


Within the limits of experimental conditions,where the law of similarity with one and only geometrical scale for experiment of underwater explosion will not be suitable,several independent geometrical scales have to be selected in the experimental design. From the point of view of energy, this paper designed the scaling law between the prototype and the model to aim at the dynamic response experiment of underwater explosion. The measurements for two kinds of shock environments, i.e., the first shock wave and the second pressure wave of bubble pulsing, can be obtained together.


Aim: to investigate through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) the effects of interactive media on the cognitive, language, and motor development of children and adolescents. Methods: Searches were performed with the Medline, AMED, Embase, PEDro, Cochrane, Psychinfo, and ERIC databases in May 2017 with updated in July 2020. For the search strategy, we used descriptors related to "randomized controlled trial", "interactive media" and "children and adolescents up to 18 years old". RCTs that investigated the effectiveness of interactive media in cognitive, motor, and language development of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age with typical development were included. When appropriate, meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Pooled data were presented using standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval. We assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE methodology and the methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Results: of the trials found, 14 references were eligible for this study. The GRADE methodology was used in 13 RCTs. Estimates showed a low level of evidence of a small effect of media use on cognitive development compared to that in the control group and another intervention. No effect on motor and language development. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review do not support claims about the advantages or disadvantages of interactive media in child development. High-quality evidence was found that interactive media is not superior to other interventions for cognitive and language development outcomes and quality of moderate evidence for motor and language development.


The implementation of a two-person strategy game such as Othello traditionally serves as a popular project that allows undergraduate students in introductory Artificial Intelligence classes to increase their understanding of adversarial search concepts such as minimax, alpha-beta pruning, iterative deepening, and evaluation functions. This "nifty assignment" presentation describes a multi-assignment variation in which each student incrementally develops the project by completing the following exercises:

1. investigate and analyze various board/move representations

2. implement an initial agent that plays a legal game but selects a random move

3. design and implement evaluation function

4. implement the minimax algorithm

5. Incorporate alpha-beta pruning

6. Implement iterative deepening,

7. Improve the agent's performance by adding one or more of the following: an opening book, a quiescence search, a forward pruning modification, and a learning strategy.

8. Enter agent into the class tournament.

9. Produce a written synopsis describing the ideas implement and the agent's tournament.


The article deals with the problems of liability insurance of the people who build houses on their own, in connection with the entry into force in January 1, 2014 of the Amendments to the Law № 214-FZ of 30.12.2004 "On Participation in the shared construction of multi apartment buildings and other real estate objects and on Amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation. The author analyzes all the alternative designs for developers concerning their responsibility to shareholders, paying attention to the problems which have the persons interested in this matter. Besides, one can mention a number of issues not regulated enough by changes in legislation.


A simple trilinear Hamiltonian is utilized for a description of the Raman effect. The method of invariant subspaces, which is suitable for numerical calculations in the Schrödinger picture, is analyzed. As an example of the numerical calculation, the time dependence of an entanglement measure, the so-called negativity, is found for the initial few-photon states. Most of the analysis is devoted to the Heisenberg picture, in which the perturbation expansions are known.


Were black ghettos a product of white reaction to the Great Migration in the 1920s and 1930s, or did the ghettoization process have earlier roots? This article takes advantage of recently available data on black and white residential patterns in several major northern cities in the period 1880–1940. Using geographic areas smaller than contemporary census tracts, we trace the growth of black populations in each city and trends in the level of isolation and segregation. In addition we analyze the determinants of location: which blacks lived in neighborhoods with higher black concentrations, and what does this tell us about the ghettoization process? We find that the development of ghettos in an embryonic form was well underway in 1880, that segregation became intense prior to the Great Migration, and that in this whole period blacks were segregated based on race rather than class or southern origin.


Vet Andrew Miller is clinic director of White Cross Vets Eccleshill, West Yorkshire; he does a regular phone-in on local radio answering pet owners' questions.


Abstract. It is proved that the design and the choice of mode require to consider the possibility of condensation from the exhausting air on the cold surfaces of the heat exchangers. The paper considers the numerical method of the regenerative heat exchanger calculation, taking into account the phase transitions (evaporation, condensation). Based on the operating principle of regenerative heat exchangers is proved the need to consider the heat transfer process inside the nozzle. It is proved that the calculation of heat and mass transfer processes in the regenerative heat exchanger of the air-conditioning systems is reduced to the solution of three nonlinear differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. In the developed model are used the equation of state of an ideal gas and convective heat and mass transfer. The algorithm to solve the nonlinear safe equations on the space-time lattice using Seidel approach is proposed.


Abstrcat The research is on the performance of Tan sheep under the conditions of indoor and grazing production system. The result shows that the reproductive rate and reproductive efficiency of the ewes have increased in the condition of indoor feeding in comparison with those in the condition of grazing(P0.01). The birth weight, the weight of a 35-day lamb and its daily gain also have increased a lot, as well as its shoulder wool crimps (P0.01). The lamb's survival percent, the length of its shoulder wool and its fur score are almost the same under the two different feeding conditions (P0.05). So indoor feeding is an efficient feeding method for Tan sheep. It can increase Tan sheep's production performance and maintain the character of the lamb fur.\;


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