With the aid of 50 Australian and Japanese business executives, this study set out to investigate the intercultural experience of business people. Another objective is to analyse their initial motives and subsequent goals during intercultural interaction. Generally, the Australians appear to be more independent and emotional concerning their motives and goals than the Japanese. The Japanese initial motivation and subsequent goals reflects what has already been reported about Japanese commitment to work. While the Australians' motives and goals transcends business, the Japanese's are almost exclusively concentrates on business. The result raises the question whether our Australian sample fit the stereotype of individualistic, unemotional western people. In many ways, the experience of the respondents confirm the stereotype the Australians and Japanese have of each other. The implications of the findings have been discussed. MOTIVES, GOALS AND INTERCULTURAL EXPERIENCE OF BUSINESS EXECUTIVES In this paper we will demonstrate through review of literature and empirical evidence how culture can be a source of misunderstanding and conflict between people living and working in each others country. A sample of Japanese and Australian business executives will be used to accomplish this objective. The issue of goals and motives regarding cross-cultural encounter is important especially because they can influence the nature of the process and outcome of the interaction. Another aim of the paper therefore, is to compare the motives and goals of Japanese and Australian managers and discuss their implications. We believe that the cultural backgrounds of expatriates would influence their motives and goals during cross-cultural encounter which will in turn influence the outcome of the interaction. As an exploratory study, we use diagram 1 below to depict the possible relationship that can exist between cultural orientations, goals, motives and the process and outcome of intercultural interaction. Cultural Similarities and Differences between Australians and Japanese In this section, we will compare and contrast some of the subtle cultural differences between Australians and Japanese as observed by some researchers (e.g Barnlund, 1989; 1975; Buchbinder, 1994; Chie, 1977; Fuery, 1994; Hilmer, 1990; Renwick, 1991; Singer, 1973). Social Relations On social relations, Renwick (1991) observed that Australians, unlike many of their counterparts in the west search for ways to collaborate with competition rather than seek to beat it. This is because the historical conditions in Australia encourage fellowship rather than followership. Similar, but not identical, to Japanese, they distaste any indication of wanting to set oneself up as superior to one's fellows. According to Barnlund (1989: 117), "permanently secure within the primary group, supported without qualification at every transition in life, a Japanese has little need to extend himself socially, to seek and cultivate an endless series of friends to replenish those who make up his social circle". In Australia on the other hand, friendship (mateship) is highly valued. The historical background of Australians where men were brought from mother England and left to fend for themselves in an inhospitable land has created bondage among men which can still be observed today (Renwick, 1991: 32). According to Buchbinder (1994), maleto-male affinity of mateship is a feature of Australian culture. Language Renwick argues that Australian dialect is a mixture of imaginative metaphor and swearing. For example, the word "bastard" is often loosely used by many Australians. Thus, if a Japanese interprets the meaning of everything an Australian says literally, the potential for Intercultural conflict is likely to be very high. But like Japanese, Australian language does not provide insight into class that language does in the US and Britain. …


In this paper, the basic principle and current application and development of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) are briefly introduced. After that, the necessity to set the UPFC on the zhayun-2268 line is elaborated from the aspects of transfer capacity of power imported channels and increasement of voltage stability. At last, some key problems encountered, such as the UPFC's locating and sizing, the main electrical connections, the control strategy and the protection coordination are further illustrated.


The invention discloses a PS and ABS waste and old plastic fragmentation and cleaning system and an implementation method thereof. The system solves the problem that the existing cleaning device cannot realize batch cleaning of waste and old plastic and has a low impurity removal rate. The system comprises a crusher, a first rinsing tank which is connected to a discharge outlet of the crusher and is filled with a rinsing solution containing common salt, calcium chloride and water and having salinity of 13-15, a second rinsing tank which is communicated with the first rinsing tank and is filled with a rinsing solution containing common salt, calcium chloride and water and having salinity of 7-8, an environmentally friendly material treatment system and a precipitate material treatment system, wherein the environmentally friendly material treatment system and the precipitate material treatment system are communicated with the second rinsing tank. The PS and ABS waste and old plastic fragmentation and cleaning system has a reasonable and rigorous design, is convenient for operation, has a high automation degree, realizes batch stable cleaning of PS or ABS waste and old plastic, has a high impurity removal rate, and realizes simultaneous cleaning removal of a green material and a non-green material. Therefore, the PS and ABS waste and old plastic fragmentation and cleaning system has a high application value.


Increasingly the WWW is being used to host complex applications in diverse fields important for peoples work, study and leisure. Now the very complexity and multi- modality of such applications presents a particular challenge in seeking to design user interfaces to them that are accessible to people with different disabilities. This paper introduces an approach that can be used to address this challenge, making complex applications accessible to people with differing needs and abilities. It is based on the ongoing work of the EU-IST funded project PEARL. An overview is given of this project together with an outline of the XML family of web technologies. The main tactic suggested to address the accessibility problem is to separate the interface from the application such that different users can have different interfaces to the system depending on their preferences, needs and the computer equipment they are using. This paper suggests how this can be facilitated given current and emerging web technologies, particularly XML and XSL.


Since 1932, the Curu River watershed has received assistance from the Federal and the State government. It stands out among other Ceara watersheds and has been
the first to implement the irrigated perimeter system (1975) and also to organise a Watershed Committee (1996). Nowadays, it has serious environmental problems related to the effects of inadequate use of the natural resources. Thus, the objective of this investigation was to analyse physico-chemical and microbiological parameters in sections of rivers of the Curu basin, using Resolution no 357 (CONSELHO
NACIONAL DE MEIO AMBIENTE, 2005) as the main reference. In the field, the main potential factors in the degradation of surface waters in the watershed were identified through the check list method, and 15 sampling stations in river sections
were defined and located geographically. Five collections of water samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory over a period of one year (feb./2003 to mar./2004). During this study, it was observed that the degradation of water resources increases with economic and demographic development of the Curu basin, because of the devastation of the original vegetation and the contamination of the surface water with draining from urban and rural activities.


In 2010,executive meeting of the State Council made research on policy and measurement to accelerate energy performance contracting(EPC) and promote energy-efficiency service industry.The industry has developed in essence from aspects of policy support,capital reward,financing channels,technical standard,self construction,etc.In this paper,EPC development in China in terms of international cooperating projects,domestic policy and regulation and industry statistic data were firstly reviewed.And then,a remarkable chain of events and their influences in the industry since 2010 were analyzed.Furthermore,based on the relevant policies,technical standards and entity actions since 2010,the development prospects of EPC in building sector were given out.At last,technical suggestions on EPC further development in building sector were proposed.


We present you this proper as with ease as simple pretension to acquire those all. We find the money for environmental perception and behavior an inventory and prospect university of chicago geography research papers and numerous book collections from fictions to scientific research in any way. in the midst of them is this environmental perception and behavior an inventory and prospect university of chicago geography research papers that can be your partner.


A B S T R A C T A simple and cost effective RP-HPLC method is described for the determination of lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The drug was highly soluble in acetonitrile, so it was selected as the solvent system for the drug. This ensured adequate drug solubility and maximum assay sensitivity. The linearity range for Lisinopril and Hydroch lorothiazide at its wavelength of detection of 230 nm was obtained as 20-30 μg/ml and 50-75 μg/ml. The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increasing concentration of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, which is corroborated by the calculated correlation coefficient value of 0.9999. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide was found to be 0.10 μg/ml & 0.10 μg /ml and 0.32 μg /ml & 0.30 μg /ml respectively. The validity of the described procedure was assessed. Statistical analysis of the result shows high accuracy and good precision. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations. A B S T R A C T A simple and cost effective RP-HPLC method is described for the determination of lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The drug was highly soluble in acetonitrile, so it was selected as the solvent system for the drug. This ensured adequate drug solubility and maximum assay sensitivity. The linearity range for Lisinopril and Hydroch lorothiazide at its wavelength of detection of 230 nm was obtained as 20-30 μg/ml and 50-75 μg/ml. The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increasing concentration of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, which is corroborated by the calculated correlation coefficient value of 0.9999. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide was found to be 0.10 μg/ml & 0.10 μg /ml and 0.32 μg /ml & 0.30 μg /ml respectively. The validity of the described procedure was assessed. Statistical analysis of the result shows high accuracy and good precision. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations. A B S T R A C T A simple and cost effective RP-HPLC method is described for the determination of lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The drug was highly soluble in acetonitrile, so it was selected as the solvent system for the drug. This ensured adequate drug solubility and maximum assay sensitivity. The linearity range for Lisinopril and Hydroch lorothiazide at its wavelength of detection of 230 nm was obtained as 20-30 μg/ml and 50-75 μg/ml. The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increasing concentration of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, which is corroborated by the calculated correlation coefficient value of 0.9999. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide was found to be 0.10 μg/ml & 0.10 μg /ml and 0.32 μg /ml & 0.30 μg /ml respectively. The validity of the described procedure was assessed. Statistical analysis of the result shows high accuracy and good precision. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations.


An international conference has been a successful innovation introduced and steered by the Head of the School of Cognition, Language, and Special Education (CLS) of the Faculty of Education at Griffith University. Three annual conferences (2003-2005) on aspects of research-based educational practice have provided a vehicle to increase academic productivity within the school community. First, the large number of publications generated by this conference has demonstrated its internal impact within this community of teacher educators. This conference has allowed these academics to further develop and showcase their activities as researchers, as participants in research-based community work with various educational partners, and as supervising instructors of their honours and research higher degree students. Second, this large number of publications has shown its external impact on the research quantum used to benchmark school, faculty, and university performance. These conference papers met Commonwealth criteria for the E1 category of research publication. Moreover, the conference focus on practice and research in education has brought together the disparate elements of the school's staff profile in applied linguistics, special education, and multidisciplinary aspects of cognitive learning in primary and secondary school. A content analysis of the conference abstracts using the Leximancer software package (Smith, 2005) was an opportunity to explore the defining themes characterising this conference and the changing patterns of interest over the past 3 years.


We examine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the staggered Dirac operator on thermal ensembles created in QCD with two flavors of staggered quarks. We see that across the phase transition a gap opens in the spectrum. For finite volume lattices in the low-temperature phase the eigenvectors are extended, but generic field configurations in the high temperature phase give rise to localized eigenstates. We examine measures of the stability of such localization and find that at finite volumes localization occurs through Mott's mechanism of the formation of mobility edges. However, the band gap between the localized and extended states seem to scale to zero in the limit of large volume.


This case history develops through the drilling of a relatively underexplored and less promising limestone formation in the Gulf of Suez area of Egypt. The target formation, known as Thebes of Eocene Age, was faulted and the two separated pay sections presented differentrock compositional scenarios. Even though the geological description broadly classified these zones as carbonates, the stimulation treatments designed for the two zones were totally different. The process that was undertaken in determining the best solution was based on the introduction of some novel analytical techniques and a comprehensive approach to acidizing-treatment design. This paper details some of the new approaches that were used, including a composite log developed for carbonate-stimulation design. The emphasis on reservoir characterization in terms of its petrophysical properties and production capability is paramount in carbonates because of the extreme reservoir heterogeneity and a general noncorrelation between rock porosity and permeability. Furthermore, a new matrix acidizing simulator was run with input data from the composite log for modeling fluid distribution and skin evolution from the treatment. On the basis of these simulation runs, a couple of pre-emptive measures were taken to improve the treatment(laid distribution profile. Bottomhole pressure gauges in conjunction with real-time monitoring of skin evolution during the treatment were analyzed for determining the effectiveness and applicability of foamed treatments, in-situ crosslinked acid systems, and maximum pressure differential and injection rate (MAPDIR) techniques. The post-stimulation production results and pressure-buildup surveys confirmed the success and effectiveness ofthe stimulation treatments.


Abstract. Agroecomyrmecinae is a poorly-known subfamily of ants that includes just two extant genera and species, Tatuidris tatusia Brown et Kempf, 1968, a leaf-litter dweller from the Neotropics, and Ankylomyrma coronacantha Bolton, 1973, an arboreal inhabitant from West Africa. Two Agroecomyrmecinae genera have been described from Eocene fossils: Agroecomyrmex Wheeler, 1910 found in European amber (Baltic and Bitterfeld), and Eulithomyrmex Carpenter, 1935 found in North American shale (Florissant). There are published records of just seven specimens of Agroecomyrmex duisburgi (Mayr, 1868), the sole member of its genus. We found four additional A. duisburgi specimens, three from Baltic amber and one from Rovno (Ukraine) amber of similar age (Priabonian stage, 37.8–33.9 Ma). This increases number of known ant subfamilies in Rovno amber to 10, and indicates that Agroecomyrmecinae were distributed in the late Eocene on both the northern and southern coasts of the Paratethys Sea. Based on morphological features and the rarity of fossil remains, we suggest that Agroecomyrmex and Eulithomyrmex were most likely neither litter-dwelling nor arboreal, but were epigean species, living on the soil surface.


Mole fraction dependences of excess enthalpy data are evaluated by means of different equations for ternary and all related limiting binary non-electrolyte systems. The results of correlation of the excess enthalpy data as a function of mixture composition are reported for the system: Benzene(l)/Cyclohexane(2),/Ethylacetate(3). For the estimation of parameters the method of "Classical Regression" and "Errors in Variables" were used. The results obtained the superiority of the last one. In addition optimized sets of binary and ternary parameter values of Redlich-Kister equation are listed.


Three immunogens with side chains of random amino acid sequence, poly (L Phe, L Glu)‐poly (DL Ala)–poly(L Lys) [(Phe, G)‐A–L 223], poly(L Tyr, L Glu)‐ poly(DL Ala)– poly(L Lys) [(T, G)‐A–L 509] and (T, G)‐A–L 52, as well as two immunogens with side chains of defined amino acid sequences, GGT‐A–L and TG‐A–L, were sequenced using a Beckman automated sequenator. Despite the lack of a unique amino acid sequence for the amino terminus, reasonable results for the sequence studies were obtained using the Edman reaction. GGT‐A–L and TG‐A–L had 70 % and 80 % of their side chains, respectively, with the desired sequence. The three compounds of random amino acid sequence were found to contain a large proportion of their A–L side chains unsubstituted. The side chains had a much greater probability of terminating in the aromatic amino acid than in the glutamic acid. The distribution of the length of side chains and their amino acid sequences was completely heterogeneous.


For Germany World War I ended in grave defeat because of the intervention of the United States. Not that Germany would necessarily have won had the United States stayed out; with her economy being strangled, her supply of recruits dwindling, and her allies in a worse state than she, Germany might well have had to make an unsatisfactory peace. On the other hand, the battered and mutinous Allied armies probably could not have imposed the 1918 armistice and the Treaty of Versailles. It was America, with two million fresh troops and resources that seemed to flow from a cornucopia, that brought Germany to her knees. In World War II worse disaster befell Germany, again because the United States entered the lists against her. Why was the pattern repeated? How could the German government have been so blind, so stupid, or so clumsy as once again to arouse a hostile coalition that included the United States? These questions have provoked a good deal of historical writing. Using the Nuirnberg Tribunal records and a small assortment of captured German Foreign Ministry documents, H. L. Trefousse prepared a 164-page monograph, Germany and American Neutrality, 1939-1941: An Analysis of Axis Diplomacy (New York, 1951). With the same material, supplemented by a few additional captured documents, William L. Langer and S. Everett Gleason devoted to German policy formulation more than 150 pages of their 1,717-page work, The World Crisis and American Foreign Policy (New York, 1952-53). Now that substantial segments of the German Foreign Ministry files have been published and other Nazi archives have been sorted and opened for research, other scholars have undertaken more elaborate reconstructions. In 1963 Saul Friedlander published Hitler et les ttats-Unis, 1939-1941, now translated into English. Two years later appeared Gerhart Hass's study, and two years after that, James V. Compton's. These recent works retrace ground covered by Trefousse and LangerGleason. They also overlap. Nevertheless, each comes at the subject from a different point. Friedlander is a Czech, reared in France, long resident in Israel, and now a professor at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. His parents were killed at Auschwitz. Although these facts about his background would suggest that he writes as one engage, the contrary is true. Of all works on the subject, his is most nearly a cold


MicroRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) is frequently downregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, however, the silencing mechanism remains unclear. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is overexpressed in PDAC, and our previous miRNA profiling showed that inhibition of EZH2 in PDAC cells led to the re‐expression of a group of tumor suppressor miRNAs including miR‐34a. Here, we studied the effect of ectopic EZH2 expression to the silencing of miR‐34a, and identified HOTAIR as an interacting partner to induce heterochromatin formation during miR‐34a repression. We identified EZH2 as a major player in silencing miR‐34a. Inhibition of EZH2 upregulated miR‐34a expression in PDAC cells, while EZH2 overexpression in human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells repressed miR‐34a expression and decreased the miR‐34a promoter activity. We then showed that HOTAIR played a critical role in EZH2‐mediated repression of miR‐34a, as knockdown of HOTAIR attenuated the miR‐34a inhibition effect in EZH2‐overexpressing HPDE cells. HOTAIR physically interacted with miR‐34a promoter, and the EZH2‐interacting region located at 5′ HOTAIR RNA was essential in repressing miR‐34a and promoting cell proliferation. More importantly, we showed that the interaction between EZH2 and HOTAIR underlay the silencing of miR‐34a through induction of heterochromatin formation. We first showed that manipulation of EZH2 level interfered the occupancy of heterochromatin markers H3K9me2, heterochromatin associated protein 1α and 1γ in PDAC cells. In turn, we showed that knockdown of HOTAIR reduced the occupancy of EZH2 at miR‐34a promoter. The identification of HOTAIR‐guided miR‐34a silencing opened a new avenue in miR‐34a‐oriented therapy against PDAC.


ABSTRACT Obstacles to the efficient, effective discovery of Web-based reference sources for United States history include the vastness of the Web, researchers' unfamiliarity with sophisticated searching techniques, and the tendency of search engines to list results by "relevancy" based on a site's popularity. Reference librarians can facilitate research by offering a list of categorized Web sites which includes meta sites, directories, overviews, timelines and chronologies, data, primary sources (maps, newspapers, documents, pictures, video and audio), U.S. government history, biographies, and writing citation guides.


This paper provides an analysis of the main issues associated to the use of DNA evidence in the criminal trials.


An infective basis for this condition would appear to accord more with the reports that cases presenting the typical naked-eye appearances of Crohn's disease have undergone spontaneous resolution. If the initial lesion in Crohn's disease is infective in nature and localized in the bowel, then a case such as this in which early resection is performed should carry an excellent prognosis, as far as freedom from recurrence is concerned. SUMMARY My thanks are due to Dr. Pinckney for his help and encouragement and to Dr. John Taylor for the pathological examination.


The history of the Reformation has been centre stage for many years due to the 500th anniversary of Luther's famous 95 Theses in 2017 and the rich flow of projects and conferences, including the REFO500 umbrella project that was set up to mark the jubilee. Martin Christ's monograph stands out from this rich crop on two accounts—biographical and regional. Both of these strengths feature prominently in the title and make it possible for the author to add novel insights to the history of Early Modern Christianity


In order to create an flight visualization simulation system in man-in-the-loop,an aircraft motion /dynamic and aerodynamic / gravity model was established to calculate flight parameters and expression of rotation quaternion in real time,and simulating module was designed based on Matlab / Simulink conditions.A 3D virtual reality space based on VRML was built up by V-realm Builder for simulating visualization.Operating device,flight control module and 3D virtual space were integrated into a complete simulating system by Simulink 3D Animation Blockset. Results of simulation indicate that the system can realize the flight visualization simulation with high fidelity of scene view,supply accurate and real-time flight parameter output,and implement flight under the control instruction. The system has good maneuverability,versatility and scalability.


Method Adoor-to-door surveywas conducted inthe cityof Kochi (Cochin) to identifyresidents aged565 yearsusing cluster sampling.Of1934 people screened with a vernacular adaptation ofthe MiniMental State Examination, all those scoringator below the cut-off of 23 were evaluated further and thosewith confirmed cognitive and functional impairmentwere assigned diagnoses according to DSM^IV criteria.Identified caseswere categorised by ICD^10 criteria.Tenpercentofthose screened as negativewere evaluated ateach stage.


The paper carried out the studies on the Effect of inert-gas temperature in conserving Riverside Scene at Qingming festival.Two dimension unsteady model was used to simulated the conduction coefficients of every layer materials,the boundary conditions around the case and the temperature influences of thermal storage materials.In this article,we present the distribution map of temperature in museum case.The adjusting temperature degree and the adjusting time in the museum case were confirmed under various environments outside the museum case as well as.Finally,we compared the results of numerical simulation and the measure temperature data in the Palace Museum.


The invention discloses a method for a mobile terminal to control a display terminal to display an image, which comprises the following steps: transmitting a current image to a display terminal by means of a mobile terminal according to a user triggering instruction; switching the working state to a remote controller state after a response message returned by the display terminal is received; receiving the display adjustment operation of the user on the local-end current image; converting the display scale adjustment operation of the user on the local-end current image into a corresponding display scale adjustment remote-control instruction in accordance with preset rules; and transmitting the display scale adjustment remote-control instruction to the display terminal. By using the invention, the display scale of the current image of the display terminal can be controlled by the display scale operation of the user on the current image of the mobile terminal after the current image is transmitted by the mobile terminal to other display terminals and is displayed, thereby facilitating the use process of the user and improving the experience of the user.


Thomas Young's interference experiment (1803) is very simple to perform but, even after more than 200 years is one of the most difficult to understand. Quantum physics offers a mathematical model for the observed wave-particle dualism. This article gives a physical model for the wave-particle duality nature of photons.


We used low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) for imaging quantized magnetic flux (vortices) in direct current (dc) superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) with approximately 1μm spatial resolution at temperature T = 77K in a controllable magnetic field up to 20μT. We demonstrate that LTSEM allows to image the spatial distribution of vortices in a YBa2Cu3O7/SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7 multilayer thin-film structure consisting of a dc SQUID washer with an integrated input coil on top. Simultaneously, we are able to measure the low-frequency noise of the sample under test, which allows to correlate the spatial distribution of vortices with low-frequency noise in the SQUID. to be published in Applied Physics Letters


Contents: Infrastructure provision and the urban environment, Frank Ennis Financing public facilities in housing projects: a method for understanding negotiating processes, Roelof Verhage and Barrie Needham Infrastructure and negotiation: the case of Ireland, Henrik van der Kamp Planning implementation through negotiation, Jim Claydon Infrastructure provision, the negotiating process and property market cycles, Vincent Renard The politics of average versus marginal cost pricing of development charges: a Canadian case study, Ray Tomalty and Andrejs Skaburskis Privatisation of infrastructure in Sydney, Australia, Richard Cardew Infrastructure provision and the role of planning in the Ruhr region, Peter Ache Infrastructure finance and urban development in Illinois: does negotiation exacerbate sprawl?, Gerrit Knaap and Emily Talen The contribution of statutory environmental assessment to sustainable development - the case of the northern region of Portugal, Paulo Pinho and Paula Pinto Negotiating the use of public rights of way: the battle between city governments and the telecommunications industry, Samuel Nunn Competition for urban space tensions between conduits and corridors, Simon Marvin and Simon Slater.


Guidance services are primarily designed to promote the educational, career and personal-social development of students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the delivery of guidance services in senior high schools in the Gomoa West District in the Central Region of Ghana based on the views of students. The population of the study comprised senior high students. Three hundred students were randomly selected for the study. Proportional stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting the sample for the study. The research design for the study was descriptive survey. Questionnaire was used to obtain the data from the students. Frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations and independent samples t-test were used to analyse the data. The results indicated that the appraisal service was effectively implemented while the information, consultation and counselling services were not effectively implemented. The results also revealed that gender is not a significant determinant of students' evaluation of the information, consultation and counselling services. Based on the findings, it was recommended that counsellors should pay great attention to all guidance services in order to effectively promote the personal, social, educational and career development of students. Keywords: Guidance and counselling; Guidance services; implementation; evaluation; senior high school students


Experiments performed with Freon 113 in the space shuttle have shown that in a pro- cess of very slow heating, high liquid superheats can be sustained for a long period in microgravity. In a closed system explosive vaporization of superheated liquid resulted in pressure spikes of varying magnitudes. In this paper, we analyze the pressure rise in a partially lled closed tank in which a large vapor bubble (i.e., ullage) is initially present, and the liquid is subjected to a low wall heat ux. The liquid layer adjacent to the wall becomes superheated until the temperature for nucleation of the bubbles (or the incipience of boiling) is achieved. In the absence of the gravity-induced convection large quantities of superheated liquid can accumulate over time near the heated surface. Once the incipience temperature is attained, explosive boiling occurs and the vapor bubbles that are produced on the heater surface tend to quickly raise the tank pressure. The liquid-vapor saturation temperature increases as well. These two e ects tend to induce condensation of the large ullage bubble that is initially present, and tends to mitigate the tank pressure rise. As a result, the tank pressure is predicted to rise sharply, attain a maximum, and subsequently decay slowly. The predicted pressure rise is compared with experimental results obtained in the microgravity environments of the space shuttle for Freon 113. The analysis is appli- cable, in general to heating of liquid in closed containers in microgravity and to cryogenic fuel tanks, in particular where small heat leaks into the tank are unavoidable.


The CT field of measurement (FOM) in the transversal direction is typically determined by the fan angle and by the distance of the object to the focus. Large objects that do not fit within the FOM can be assessed only partially (and one has to cope with incomplete radon data due to data truncation). We propose an algorithm to find a scan trajectory that allows to assess arbitrarily shaped and arbitrarily sized ROIs that may correspond to the object support - and therefore the method solves the problem of scanning objects larger than the FOM in an elegant and efficient way - or to any user-defined ROI within the object. The study was inspired by micro-CT imaging where motorized x-y-translation stages allow us to continuously shift the object during the scan as a function of the rotation angle (figure 1). The approach includes an automatic exposure control (AEC) technique that takes care of redundancy weighting and that either performs optimally in terms of object dose (in-vivo) or in terms of detector dose (in-vitro).


We analyze Airborne Topographic Mapper laser altimetry data from the first three years of NASA's Operation IceBridge, with the purpose of measuring elevation changes in the flank of the ice sheet encompassing the Jakobshavn basin and adjacent areas, and the northwest coastal margin roughly between Thule and Upernavik. Our results show that thinning in both areas has continued and accelerated between 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. We show an ice/firn volume loss of 35+/-5 km3/yr between spring 2009 and 2010, increasing to 86+/-3 km3/yr between spring 2010 and 2011 for the west-central flank region. The increase in thinning was concentrated along the low-elevation portion of the ice sheet and near the Jakobshavn channel, and probably indicates a mixture of dynamic thinning and a surface mass imbalance. We also measure a region of higher-elevation thickening. For the northwest coastal margin, the limitations of our sampling of the complex area preclude a robust calculation of volume change. However our results here show major acceleration in thinning of the Upernavik ice stream main channel, thinning on every glacier we examined, and a coastward migration of the high-elevation area of thickening.


The study sought to explore the impact of counseling service on students' academic performance in E.P. College of Education, Bimbilla. The objectives of the study were: one, to examine the impact of the counselling service on student-teachers' academic performance; two, to find out what motivates studentteachers to patronize the counseling service; and lastly, to find out the perception student-teachers have about the role of the counseling service in E.P. College of Education, Bimbilla. The study employed the qualitative approach with case study in focus. Two hundred and fifty (250) student-teachers, four (4) tutorcounselors and a vice principal were selected using the stratified sampling technique. The respondents were made to fill questionnaires and also interviewed. After successful data collection, the data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. The data was also analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distributions and percentages. Qualitative descriptions were also used in the presentation of data. The study found out that counselling service equips student-teachers with good study and time management skills to improve their academic performance. The study concluded that counseling service could help student-teachers build positive self-image which could lead to better academic performance. One of the implications of the findings is that if student-teachers seek counseling, they would be assisted to develop good study skills.


Life quality in male patients with COPD in the 2, 3 stages during remission period (according to survey criteria SF-36) didn't differ greatly from corresponding values in patients who didn't have chronic respiratory diseases. Bronchial obstruction in patients with COPD reduced significantly life quality indices, except for psychic state. On the whole, in senior male patients, quality life parameter dependence on internal disease constituted no more than 30% of other factors' effect. Urinal and blood circulation diseases reduced life quality more significantly than bronchial obstruction.


The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the condition of household financial literacy in community-based tourism which has continued to develop. Another thing that is also being studied knows the right way that households in the community-based tourism area are more empowered by increasing their financial literacy. In this research, the approach used is descriptive qualitative by conducting field studies to explore information from questionnaires given to respondents who are households in the community-based tourism area. Then conclude through purposive question to be able descripting real conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that not many households in community-based tourism are well literate with a low level of financial knowledge, so they are still unable to optimize the income they receive. There is a scheme from the government to help improve the welfare of the community in community-based tourism areas with financial assistance and financial knowledge. This research only conducts studies in certain areas in the area around Junrejo municipality, Batu, East Java. The location is an area that has community groups that mostly have livelihoods as provider of tourism good and services.


Mucormycosis, also known as black fungus is an opportunistic and serious fungal infection which is created by the order Mucorales. These fungi have a wide geographical distribution. The most important predisposing factors for this disease are hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, overuse of corticosteroids, neutropenia and blood malignancies. The disease occurs in several different forms; The most common of which is gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders in animals. Proper and timely diagnosis of the disease can play a key role in the prognosis, control and treatment of the disease. Since the disease can occur as a secondary infection in patients with COVID-19 who are being treated with corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, this study examines the status of black fungus disease in case reports of coronavirus in susceptible animals. Up to now, some cases of coronavirus and pneumoarthritis have been reported in animals.


Recently Tao, Croot and Helfgott invented an algorithm to determine the parity of the number of primes in a given interval in O(x^{1/2-c+\eps}) steps for some absolute constant c. We propose a slightly different approach, which leads to the implicit value of c. To achieve this aim we discuss the summation of multiplicative functions, developing sublinear algorithms and proving several general theorems.


Resumen en: The mass matrices of the charged leptons and neutrinos, that had been derived in the framework of a Minimal S3-invariant Extension of the Standard Model,...


The carbon storage and spatial distributions characteristic of the stratified mixed forest of Eucalyptus urophylla and Acacia mangium with different mixed proportion were studied by sample plot harvesting method and allometric dimension analysis.The results showed that carbon content of different organs,herb layer,shrub layer,litter layer were ranged from 433.6-491.5 g/kg,412.9-437.3 g/kg 430.6-437.3 g/kg and 458.6-465.3 g/kg.In the stratified mixed stands of E.urophylla and A.mangium at the same mixed proportion,with the increasing of forest density,carbon storage in tree layer increased while the carbon storage of shrub layer,herb layer and litter layer decreased.In addition,the carbon storage of soil depth shows little change in different treatments.In two stands with density of 1 050 trees/hm2 and 1 320 trees/hm2 at the mixed proportion of 1∶ 1,respectively,the carbon storage of total ecosystem were 55.247 t/hm2 and 67.396 t/hm2,In another two stands with density of 810 trees/hm2 and 1 170 trees/hm2 at the mixed proportion of 2∶ 1,respectively,the carbon storage of total ecosystem were 69.106 t/hm2 and 83.446 t/hm2;When the stand density is 1 727 trees/hm2 in the pure stand and the mixed stand with proportion of 1∶ 1.6 with E.urophylla to A.mangium,the carbon storage of total ecosystem were 76.356 t/hm2 and 95.502 t/hm2.The carbon storage of shrub layer,herb layer and litter layer decreased with the increasing of stand density at the same mixed proportion and these terms in the pure stand are higher than that in the mixed stand.As a conclusion,in the six treatments of stand regeneration patterns,the mixed proportion of 1∶ 1.6 with E.urophylla × A.mangium has obvious layers and highest total ecosystem carbon storage,is the more rational pattern and it is extremely significant to the other treatments.


The security device, trailing ski area in the maintenance and management of a ski resort, implements, mobile security devices, monitoring and maintenance, equipped with identification means the position and guiding vehicles from a satellite network or from fixed markers, and stationary means to be controlled and which must maintain. The winter sports station site is divided into homogenous zones with respect to at least one criterion from a series of coherent criteria, which are stored in a computer system, located in a central position, connected by means of remote transmission, mobile means and intervention services so that when a mobile means is positioned in a homogeneous area of the site, the iT resources allow the central station to immediately know the criteria or to cete homogeneous area to derive mission orders, observations or action to be taken at the central station and at the mobile or medium or at intervention or maintenance services.


Background:osteoarthritis is a disorder of cartilago articularis that
simultaneously found changes in hyaline cartilage, subchondral bone and bone
around the joint. This disease can cause problems of physical capacity in the form
of pain, decreased muscle strength, and functional ability problems such as
squatting to standing, walking distance, and up and down stairs. To overcome the
complaint applied IR modalities, TENS, and exercise therapy.
Objective: to find out the benefits of IR and TENS in reducing pain, then exercise
a static bicycle and isometric contraction exercises in increasing muscle strength.
Result: after therapy 6 times got the assessment of silent pain T0: 0 to T6: 0, T0:
4 tenderness becomes T6: 1, motion pain T0: 6 to T6: 2, increasemuscle strength
flexor knee T0: 4 into T6: 5,muscle extensor knee T0: 4 becomes T6: 5.
Conclusion: IR and TENS can reduce pain, then exercise of static bikes and
isometric contractions can increase muscle strength.


Superoxide radical anion has been demonstrated to be a mediator of many disease states, including inflammatory, autoimmune, and cancerous diseases. As a consequence, we have developed a program to design, synthesize, and test synthetic low-molecular weight superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics as potential pharmaceutical agents. A critical feature of the design of metal-based drugs is not only high activity as an enzyme mimic but also chemical stability. In this report we describe the synthesis and characterization of a series of C-substituted 1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane, [15]aneN5, ligands, 1, and their corresponding Mn(II) complexes, 2 and 3, as their dichloro complexes, [Mn([15]aneN5)Cl2]. The purpose of the work is to probe the role that substituent (methyl and fused cycloalkyl) groups exert on the catalytic activity and stability of the complexes. All of the 18 new complexes described here are catalysts for the dismutation of superoxide, and substantial substituent effects are observed with kcat...


Date: 2008-06-04Course: EIK 034 Masters ThesisAuthors: Laxmi Rao & Zarina OsmonalievaTutor: Ole LiljeforsTitle: Which factors facilitate the management of external knowledge?Introduction: Today ...


Graph-based representations of programs such as control flow graph or dependence graph have been used to support program analysis tasks such as program comprehension and software maintenance. However, in the case of Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), such graph representations individually is not enough to represent the features of aspect-oriented programs because it could need to identify the flow of control and the relationship of the data. AOP is a technique for improving modularity by separating crosscutting concerns in software development. In this article, a graph model known as Aspect-Oriented Dependence Flow Graph (AODFG) is proposed to represent the structure of aspect-oriented programs. The graph is formed by combining control flow graph and dependence graph into a single graph representation. As a consequence, more information about dependencies involving the features of AOP, such as join point, advice, aspects, their related constructs and the flow of control are able to be analysed. Effectiveness analysis of AODFG has been conducted in an experiment involving twenty software experts applying the graph on the AspectJ benchmark programs. The findings show that they were very satisfied with AODFG as an effective tools for analysing code.


Orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle are determined by their reflection coefficients through the Szego recurrences. In the present paper we examine two particular classes of measures on the unit circle. The first one consists of measures whose reflection coefficients tend to the unit circle. For such measures we give complete description of their supports (up to the set of isolated masspoints) in terms of reflection coefficients. The supports of measures from the second class have finitely many limit points. We prove the unit circle analogue of M. G. Krein's characterization for the similar class of measures on the real line. The examples of measures from both classes are given.


FDS was used to research the cross harbour tunnel's hot smoke control under the typical fire condition,and 3 aspects were analyzed principally: the impact of vertical ventilation on the up stream distance of hot flue gas;the impact of vertical ventilation on the tunnel roof temperature;the airflow changes in the cross aisles.The results showed that in the condition of 0.25 m/s ventilation,and initial stages of fire,the up stream distance of hot flue gas and the area of tunnel roof temperature above critical temperature increase with the fire size;in the condition of 3 m/s ventilation,and distinguishing stage of fire,they decrease with the air flow rate;air flow rate of cross aisle increases first,then decrease.


In this report, we will explain the antenna configuration with parallel directivity assuming an indoor base station antenna placed on the ceiling. Instead of using a metal plate as a reflector, we used a metasurface that radiates in the tangential direction of the reflector when the antenna is close to the reflector. By increasing the number of unit cells that make up the metasurface, the directivity gain in the θ = 90 degrees direction was improved by about 8 dB compared to when the metal plate reflector was installed.


An experiment was conducted to assess the influence of different levels of phosphorus and potassium on the yield and yielding components of maize ( Zea mays L.) at Agricultural Research Farm of NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar during crop season 2003. Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design with four replications in a split plot arrangement s was used. Two varieties, i.e. Azam and Kissan-90 and three level each of P and K i.e. (30, 60 and 90 kg ha -1 ) was used. The results of different potassium and phosphorus levels depicted that higher rates of both the fertilizers have significantly increased the number of grains ear -1 , weight ear -1 , and 1000-grains weight. For grain yield potassium sole effect was non significant but it interacted significantly with maize varieties and phosphorus levels. Sole ef fect of phosphorus as well as combine effects of ph osphorus with varieties, and potassium levels was found significant for grain yi eld of maize. Varieties showed significant differen ce for 1000-grains weight and grain yield. Overall, it is concluded that vari ety Azam with 90 kg P ha -1 and 60 kg K ha -1 performed well for maximum grain yield as compared to variety Kissan-90.


Ultimate stress increment of unbonded CFRP tendon was calculated by full-range analysis programs of concrete simply supported beams and slabs partially prestressed with unbonded CFRP tendons.The basic factors such as modulus of elasticity for CFRP tendon,prestressing reinforcement index,non-prestressed reinforcement index,loading type,ratio of span to depth and profile of tendons affecting the law of ultimate stress increment of unbonded CFRP tendons were presented.Key factors which had major affect on ultimate stress increment of unbonded CFRP tendons were defined.Based on the results of simulations analysis,making key parameters as independent variable,the calculation formulas of ultimate stress increment of unbonded CFRP tendons in simply supported beams and slabs were proposed,and they can provide the basis for correctly calculating flexural load bearing capacity of beams and slabs.


A street lamp module is fixedly connected with a fixing support. The street lamp module comprises a substrate, a plurality of light source assemblies, a first terminal and a second terminal. The light source assemblies are arranged on the substrate in a detachable mode. The first terminal is arranged on the substrate and electrically connected with the light source assemblies. The second terminal is fixedly arranged on the fixing support and electrically connected with an external power source. The second terminal is connected with the first terminal in an inserting mode so that the second terminal can be electrically connected with the first terminal. By inserting and extracting the first terminal and the second terminal, the light source assemblies can be communicated with the external power source, and the street lamp module can be fixed on the fixing support. Just one street lamp module needs to be replaced. Operation of replacing the street lamp module is simple and can be finished by inserting and extracting the first terminal and the second terminal, and therefore maintenance efficiency of a street lamp is improved and maintenance cost is saved. The utility model further provides the street lamp.


This paper introduces a new deadlock-free routing algorithm with fewer virtual channels than the known algorithm for a generalized de Bruijn digraph of m virtual channels, where m is the maximum message path length and r is a radix. Our new algorithm requires maximum m-[/sup m-1///sub r/] virtual channels per physical channel. Extension to this algorithm for a generalized de Bruijn graph and a dBCube graph is introduced, and virtual channel requirements have also been identified. In most of dBCube graphs, maximum m-[/sup m-1///sub r/] virtual channels are required for the outcluster channels, and maximum m+1-[/sup m///sub r/] virtual channels for the incluster channels, where m is the maximum length of the cluster-to-cluster path.<<ETX>>


A design scheme of a lyric display on a LED screen is firstly realized on the embedded hardware platform in the Linux system.After the introduction of the whole system framework structure,this paper analyzes the programming of the MP3 lyric displayed on a LED screen and the lyrics synchronized application,by combining with the embedded Linux driver program framework.The system has completed multimedia function on a low-end LED display screen,and applies to the requirements for opera group and public teaching or rehearsal.


Abstract : The first and largest color Sun 3/160C in the CFD workstation network was purchased with funds made available through this grant. This workstation has been used as a server and general computational node, as well as a workstation. Research Projects: Development of Adaptive Grid Schemes based on Poisson Grid Generators; A Zonal Method for Extending the Applicability of the Parabolized Navier Stokes Equations; and Numerical Simulation of Helicopter Rotor Flowfields.


The effect of temperature on the electrophysiology and morphology of anucleate axons was examined following severance of crayfish medial giant axons and goldfish Mauthner axons from their respective cell bodies. Although anucleate segments of each giant axon exhibited long‐term survival for weeks to months at 5–25°C in crayfish and 10–30°C in goldfish, the two axons differed in their survival characteristics. All measures of long‐term survival in crayfish medial giant axons were independent of animal holding temperature, whereas all measures in Mauthner axons were dependent on holding temperature. Medial giant axons survived for at least 90 days in crayfish maintained at 5–25°C in this and previous studies. Mauthner axons survived for over 5 months in goldfish maintained at 10°C but survived for 1 month at 30°C. Postoperative time had different effects on many single measures of long‐term survival (axonal diameter, amplitude of action or resting potentials) in medial giant axons compared to Mauthner axons. For example, resting and action potentials in crayfish medial giant axons remained remarkably constant at all holding temperatures for 0–90 postoperative days. In contrast, resting and action potentials in goldfish Mauthner axons declined abruptly in the first 10–20 postoperative days followed by a slower decline at each holding temperature. We suggest that the mechanism of long‐term survival is not necessarily the same in all anucleate axons.


Statistical mechanics constitutes one of the pillars of contemporary physics. Recognized as such — together with mechanics (classical, quantum, relativistic), electromagnetism and thermodynamics —, it is one of the mandatory theories studied at virtually all the intermediate- and advanced-level courses of physics around the world. As it normally happens with such basic scientific paradigms, it is placed at a crossroads of various other branches of knowledge. In the case of statistical mechanics, the standard theory — hereafter referred to as the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics — exhibits highly relevant connections at a variety of microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic physical levels, as well as with the theory of probabilities (in particular, with the Central Limit Theorem, CLT ). In many circumstances, the ubiquitous efects of the CLT , with its Gaussian attractors (in the space of the distributions of probabilities), are present. Within this complex ongoing frame, a possible generalization of the BG theory was advanced in 1988 (C.T., J. Stat. Phys. 52, 479). The extension of the standard concepts is intended to be useful in those "pathological", and nevertheless very frequent, cases where the basic assumptions (molecular chaos hypothesis, ergodicity) for applicability of the BG theory would be violated. Such appears to be, for instance, the case in classical long-range-interacting many-body Hamiltonian systems (at the so-called quasi-stationary state). Indeed, in such systems, the maximal Lyapunov exponent vanishes in the thermodynamic limit N! ¥. This fact creates a quite novel situation with regard to typical BG systems, which generically have a positive value for this central nonlinear dynamical quantity. This peculiarity has sensible effects at all physical micro-, meso- and macroscopic levels. It even poses deep challenges at the level of the CLT . In the present occasion, after 20 years of the 1988 proposal, we undertake here an overview of some selected successes of the approach, and of some interesting points that still remain as open questions. Various theoretical, experimental, observational and computational aspects will be addressed.


IN A RECENT PAPER in this Journal, Latane and Young [4] set out to test a variety of portfolio building rules using actual ex post observations of stock market data. When these authors decided to stretch their data from 8 years of observations to 85 years through "intensive utilization" of data, they committed a fundamental statistical error. Since this error has also been committed by Soldofsky and Biederman [5], it is sufficiently general to deserve comment. A definition of the problem and the general principle involved can be explained very simply through an example. Suppose a researcher has 6 four-month observations (2 years) on the stock market in price relative form. He now desires to calculate, say, the geometric mean return, G, for the two year period. Let Rt be the price relative for the tth four-month observation. One approach would be to sum up the first three periods of data, resulting in an annualized arithmetic mean return, and multiply it by the second three periods of data and, finally, take the proper root, G =[ (R1 + R2 + R3 2) (R4 + R5 + R6 2) ] i. However, a falsely appealing alternative exists. By overlapping the data in this example, one could generate four years of data instead of two, G-[(Rl+R2+R3-2)(R2+R3+R4-2)(R3+R4+R5-2)(R4 + R5 + Ra 2)] 1, and herein lies the flaw. If we should agree with Fama [3] that successive price changes are independent, our first formulation of the geometric mean return should result in a zero covariance term (or a serial correlation coefficient of zero) for the two nonoverlapping intervals. But inspection of our second formulation of the problem reveals that each of the annual returns are similar to each of the other preceding terms in that they are identical terms. The price relatives are not independent in this case and the covariance term is positive.' This overlapping reduces the overall variability of the series and increases the geometric mean return. The overlapping interval technique is a moving sum and as such has the same properties as a moving average. As is well known, a moving average displays less fluctuation than the raw series itself. A similar problem has been encountered in economics and is known as the Yule-Slutsky effect [6]. Holbrook Working has identified and solved the problem in finance [7]. The purpose of the Latane and Young study was to evaluate various strategies involved in building investment portfolios [4, p. 597]. In particular, Latane and Young set out to compare empirically two portfolio building policies: buy-and-hold versus the reallocation strategy as investigated by Evans [2]. The data consisted of eight years of common stock prices for 224 securities from the University of Chicago's CRSP monthly Price Relative File and covered the period January 1953 through December 1960. The eight years of data were overlapped to create 85 annual holding period returns, HPR's. These annual HPR's in notation form are represented by Hit where the subscript i is for the security and t is the annual holding period beginning month t. The geometric mean return was defined to be the Tth root of the terminal net worth


Antimicrobial peptides offer a new class of therapeutic agents to which bacteria may not be able to develop genetic resistance, since they act on the lipid component of the cell membranes [1]. [...]


630:330.341.1(497.5)
Paper deals with promoting and fostering innovation in the forest-based sector. It presents concepts and initiatives which have an important role in encouraging and strengthening innovation in forestry. Two prominent international programs covered by the paper include "Schweighofer prize" which represents Innovation Award for the European Forest-Based Sector and the "KWF Innovation medal" awarded by Kuratorium für Waldarbeit und Forsttechnik – KWF (Center for Forestry Work and Forestry Technology), for the most innovative forestry developments. The overview of selected programs includes nomination and evaluation procedures, innovation categories and prizes, and particularly recent winners i.e. awarded innovations. Additionally, the paper describes the status of innovation in Croatian forestry and elaborates adopted solutions in stimulating the innovation in state-owned forest company. In this respect, indicators of relatively low innovation culture, and the regulation of innovation activity in the forest company are presented. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of development and promotion of innovation in forestry, raise the awareness about innovation, and ultimately contribute to the stimulation of innovation activities and development of innovation culture in forestry.


Abstract : One of the basic problems of mathematical physics is that of replacing a nonlinear functional equation by a more tractable (analytically and computationally) linear equation. More generally, one wants to replace a system of nonlinear equations, often derived from a single equation by means of an expansion in a parameter, an ortho gonal expansion with a system of linear functional equations. To treat this closure problem, the authors presented a method based upon the concept of relative invariants and the use of the multidimensional Lagrange expansion theorem.


Microphytobenthos (MPB) resuspension is a key mechanism in the transfer of organic matter from productive intertidal mudflats to terrestrial and marine systems. In this study, we infer on the contribution of physical and biological factors involved in the MPB resuspension. We use a physical‐biological coupled model forced by realistic meteorological and hydrodynamical forcings to simulate chronic (without any concomitant sediment resuspension) and massive (driven by bed failure) resuspension over a year. The model simulates mud surface temperature, MPB growth, and grazing by the gastropod Peringia ulvae. The model suggests that MPB resuspension is the highest in spring tides and at the flood beginning due to high current velocity and low water heights that promote waves‐sea bottom interactions. The seasonal export of MPB biomass is the highest in spring, up to threefold higher than in summer when the export is the lowest. The simulated seasonal dynamics of MPB resuspension results from the MPB biomass concentration in the sediment, physical disturbances, and the bioturbation activity by P. ulvae. Annually, 43% of the simulated MPB primary production is resuspended. The MPB resuspension (60.8 g C·m−2·yr−1) exceeds the loss by P. ulvae grazing (41.1 g C·m−2·yr−1). The model suggests that chronic and massive resuspension events are important in the synoptic to seasonal MPB dynamics in temperate intertidal mudflats. Accounting for such processes in the carbon budget assessment in the land‐ocean interface could bring new insights to our understanding of the role played by MPB in the coastal carbon cycle.


Abstract The caucasian subsample (N = 67) of the 128 children involved as subjects in the Block and Block (1980) longitudinal study evaluated as to their eye color and behavioral inhibition. Their personality was assessed at 3 and 4 years and at 11 years using the California Child Q-set, which contains nine items that directly relate to the child′s behavioral inhibition. Additionally, longitudinal measures of field independence/dependence were collected employing the rod and frame test, and the embedded figures test. Both the personality items and the field-independence measures were found to be related to eye pigmentation. In our sample, no evidence supported a relation between eye color and the behavioral inhibition.


Oro-facial dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary repetitive movements of the tongue, lip, or jaw, which is known to be derived by variable causes. Pre- and post-synaptic dopamine receptor abnormalities by degenerative changes in the brain seem to be the key pathophysiology, but the exact mechanism still remained to be unknown. Metoclopramide can pass the blood-brain barrier, which is known for a selective presynaptic autoregulating dopamine D2 receptor antagonist in the brain, and is usually prescribed for dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting. In particular, it was also reported to improve the symptoms of diurnal bruxism after brain injury. With reviewing some of literatures, we present a case of 27 year old man with traumatic brain injury who showed improvement of oro-facial dyskinesia after taking oral metoclopramide. (Brain & NeuroRehabilitation 2014; 7: 147-150)


A simulated high-level waste glass, Supercalcine, and some common ceramic and metallic solids were exposed to hydrothermal conditions at 250 and 350/sup 0/C for time periods ranging from three days to three weeks. Most of the experiments were done in salt brine, but the glass study did include deionized water tests so that the influence of salt could be better understood. Under the extreme hydrothermal conditions of these tests, all of the materials examined underwent measurable changes. The glass is converted to a mixture of crystalline phases, depending upon conditions, giving NaFeSi/sub 2/O/sub 6/ as the primary alteration product. The rate of alteration is higher in deionized water than in salt brine; however, under equivalent test conditions, 66% of the Cs originally in the glass is released to the salt brine, while only 6% is released to deionized water. Rb and Mo are the only other fission product elements significantly leached from the glass. Evidence is presented which shows that sintered Supercalcine undergoes chemical changes in salt brine that are qualitatively similar to those experienced by glass samples. High concentrations of Cs enter the aqueous phase, and Sn and Mo are mobilized. Scouting tests were made with a variety ofmore » materials including commercial glasses, granite, UO/sub 2/, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, steel, and waste glasses. Weight losses under hydrothermal conditions are in a relatively narrow band, with glass and ceramic materials showing 3 to 20 times greater weight losses than 304L stainless steel in the 250/sup 0/C test used. The conclusion from these studies is that virtually all solid materials show hydrothermal reactivity at temperatures between 250 and 350/sup 0/C, and that these extreme conditions are not desirable.« less


This study aims to explore elementary science teachers' perception of constructivist teaching practice. Teachers' belief may well be related to actual...


I made it today (meaning finding my way by car) to University of Hawaii at Manoa the setting for the TCC Conference. I even managed to get


The application of cascaded dichromated gelatine (DCG) transmission holograms as holographic optical elements (HOEs) for permutation components in a demonstrator of an opto-electronic switching network working with 1 Ghz per channel is demonstrated. The use of a standard holographic material and recording process for facetted holograms for infrared light at 1.5 pm is investigated. Some of the important parameters like index modulation of the gelatine, angular selectivity and scattering are presented. It is shown that it is possible to produce holograms for infrafred light with similar diffraction efficiencies as for visible light.


In this article, we propose a hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexed (TWDM) active quadrature demodulation technique for fiber-optic Fabry–Perot acoustic sensor network. A modulated grating Y-branch (MG-Y) laser is utilized to achieve fast and programmable wavelength tuning. For each sensing channel, two operating wavelengths with quadrature phase difference are determined by the initial cavity length of the sensor. According to the DC voltages of the detected signal, the operating wavelength is feedback-controlled to locate on the spectral slope, maintaining the high sensitivity of the sensing system. Compared with traditional passive quadrature demodulation and quadrature point intensity demodulation methods, the feedback control logic is simple and flexible. Moreover, the proposed active quadrature demodulation scheme is easily applicable to sensors with different cavity lengths. Combined with a hybrid TWDM technology, simultaneous multi-point acoustic detection can be achieved, requiring only one tunable laser and one photodetector. A two-point sound velocity sensing system and a four-point sound source localization system are constructed. Experimental results show that different sensing channels can work effectively without crosstalk.


To compare the static and dynamic pupillometry measurements in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES), patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) and age‐matched healthy subjects using an automatic quantitative pupillometry system.


The traditional eigenstructure assignment method is reconsidered in this paper, shedding light on its nature and some of its properties. The approach is through matrix adjugates which enable a more eloquent decomposition compared to the lumped solution usually obtained through matrix null spaces. Based on the new approach, the admissible pair (w,z) is formalized. The new approach enables an alternative methodology to the determination of the permissible closed loop eigenvector subspaces and the might be termed the companion input-subspace. Such approach renders the method a formulae-based method as w and z are now obtained formula-wise as opposed to being extracted out of a lumped solution. Compared to the traditional method, the study reveals information such as w and z are independently and explicitly determined. Moreover, newly assigned eigenvalues always result in z≠0, the input matrix B does not influence z and a fundamental feature of the open loop characteristic polynomial is exposed. Furthermore, closed loop eigenvectors associated with repeated eigenvalues can be explicitly computed by means of differentiation as opposed to null space determination. A special form of system representation is highlighted, which considerably eases the calculations. The myriad concepts pointed out have been demonstrated and authenticated through carefully selected examples involving real, complex, repeated eigenvalues, and two practical systems of an electrical nature.


Daphnia magna usually produce female offspring by parthenogenesis, and thus only female neonates are used to evaluate the environmental toxicity to chemicals. Additionally, it is known that male daphnids are induced by exposure to a juvenile hormone, methyl farnesoate, during late ovarian development. In this study, we investigated the concentration of methyl farnesoate in a 24‐h exposure producing 100% males, and the difference in sensitivity to chemical compounds, potassium dichromate, pentachlorophenol, and paraquat, between females and males, referring to OECD Test Guideline 202. The results show that the minimum concentration for 100%‐male induction of methyl farnesoate in adult females was 50 μg/L. In addition, acute toxicity tests (immobility test) with the other chemicals showed that male neonates have higher tolerance to potassium dichromate and pentachlorophenol than females for at least 24 h after birth, while no sex difference was observed in the sensitivity to paraquat. The differences in the median effective concentrations in these compounds between female and male neonates suggest two different overall modes of action. Using female daphnids for environmentally toxicity testing seems reasonable, since the females are more sensitive to chemicals than males. Furthermore, the method of male induction established in this study could be used for screening of endocrine disruptors. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008.


Venture-backed startups play a crucial role in innovation and advancing our technology. However, the development of secondary markets for patents and the proliferation of patent assertion entities starting in the early twenty-first century has made the patent ecosystem a difficult environment for startups to navigate. Startups face challenges that their more established counterparts do not. First, startups must rely heavily on external sources of funding and, as a result, many decide to file for patents early in their lifecycle to signal their value to potential investors. Second, patent assertion entities threaten startups with patent infringement suits at a disproportionately high rate, which disrupts startups' productivity and diverts their limited resources. This Note explores the "vicious patent cycle." The cycle begins when startups file patents to signal worth. Then, when 90% of these startups fail, they leave behind patents that grow the "patent thicket" as well as opportunities for patent assertion entities to stifle innovation. Together, these negative externalities exacerbate the challenge of building a new company. Unfortunately, the United States patent system is not well suited to put an end to the cycle. Thus, this Note introduces a solution for startups: the small business commercialization patent. The small business commercialization patent is a modified form of the commercialization patent introduced by Ted Sichelman but is tailored to meet the unique needs of venture-backed startups. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 350 I. THE PATENT ECOSYSTEM ..................................................................................... 352 A. The Patent Arms Race 353 B. The Patent Marketplace 353 C. Rise of the Patent Assertion Entity 354 II. STARTUPS ARE INCENTIVIZED TO PATENT IN THE FACE OF UNIQUE CHALLENGES ........................................................................................................ 355 A. Venture Capital Fundraising Incentivizes Patenting for Signaling Purposes 355 B. The Current Patent System Favors the Inventor Who Files First 357 III. STARTUPS ARE CREATING NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES FOR INNOVATION ............. 357 NORTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 350 A. The Threat of PAEs and the Startup Industry 357 B. The Vicious Patent Cycle 359 IV. A SOLUTION FOR STARTUPS ................................................................................. 361 A. The Commercialization Patent 361 B. Commercialization Patents Would Effectively Disarm Patent Assertion Entities 363 C. Commercialization Patents Can Lead to More Investments and Larger Investment Amounts in the Startup Industry 364 D. The Small Business Commercialization Patent is a Tailored Solution for the Startup Industry 364 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 367


Class tutor proves the main body of university students management.It proves a critical and necessary task to enhance and improve class tutor team construction in universities.The essay researched China's university class tutors' current constructive status via documentation approaches,questionnaire and interviewing method,deeply analyzed problems existed in class tutors' team construction,revealed the basic principles in team establishment that proved paramount practice value.


: Herein, we reported a study about the employment of the I 2 /DMSO catalytic system in the asymmetric alkoxy-selenyation of styrenes by using chiral non-racemic reagents and how it influences on the diastereoisomeric excess of the corresponding  -alkoxy-selenides. The use of [(1S) -1-(methylthio)ethyl]phenyl diselenide provided products in satisfactory yields and diastereoisomeric excesses. Comparative study between microwave heating and room temperature was also performed.


Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may have some potential use in the restoration of degraded grassland through beneficial effects on plant growth and soil quality. A field investigation was conducted in three grassland sites of typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. The three plant communities, one of which was undegraded, one moderately degraded and the third severely degraded, were studied by collecting soil samples and samples of four plant species that occurred in all three sites. The percentage of root length colonized by AM fungi was estimated and the species composition and diversity of AM fungus spores recovered from the soil were determined using spore morphological characteristics. Although differences between the sites may have been due partly to other factors, it is likely that the degree of degradation was an important factor. No decline was found in the AM colonization of the roots of the indicator plant species in the moderately or severely degraded plant communities, and two plant species showed higher colonization status in the two degraded areas. Glomus geosporum and Scutellospora calospora were the dominant AM fungi in the undegraded steppe, while G. geosporum and Glomus aggregatum dominated the two degraded sites which also had low spore densities, species richness and diversity indices. However, different AM species showed different distributions among the three plant communities and the results indicate that both biotic and abiotic factors were important in determining the AMF communities, with biotic factors possibly the more important. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Machining is obviously indispensable to industrial manufacture, a process whereby a workpiece takes its planned shape after proper chip removal. The type and the size of a chip from such a process are determined by a set of factors, the analysis of which can provide valuable insights into the cutting process. In this study, a new quick-stop device (QSD) for chip removal was designed, manufactured, and employed in an analysis of chip formation in chip removal with cutting tool at varying cutting speeds. The samples competently illustrate the differences in the formation of chips at various cutting speeds. Depending on material and cutting conditions, a chip may be continuous or discontinuous. Employing metallographic techniques, the present study analyzed the orthogonal cutting of aluminum 5000 with cutting tool. During the experiments, the built-up edges (BUEs), the surface quality, and the interactions among machining parameters were observed. At the end, a frozen chip with a BUE was divided into seven sections. The results show that the new QSD is effective and BUEs have a direct effect on the quality of a workpiece's surface and additionally can increase the penetration depth and machining forces.


Abstract A 1‐D model has been used to calculate the O3 depletion expected if all nations adhere to the Montreal protocol. Assuming estimates of ∼10 kt a−1 for CBrClF2 and CBrF3 production rates, we calculate a steady‐state column O3 depletion of ∼9% for a scenario without increasing N2O and CH4. Approximately 50% of this depletion is attributable to halon release. We suggest that the Montreal protocol should be modified to include a reduction in the production of halons and that strategies for the recovery and recycling or the destruction of halons should be investigated.


The algorithm of high capacity digital watermarks embedding into the speech signals using OFDM-technology has been worked out. For DWM embedding it is suggested to apply vector quantization of complex envelope of the narrow-band signal. DWM resistance against intersymbol interference, multiplicative and additive interferences are provided accordingly by means of: 1) OFDM-like forming the narrow-band channels, 2) quantization step adaptation in the transmitter and receiver, and 3) spreading of one bit DWM energy along L samples. The algorithm allows realization of automatic identification of radiotelephone transmissions without replacing standard radio installation and changing operational radiotelephony procedures.


Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) were studied in 40 Friesian cows in a balanced block design. The cows were assigned to four treatments: (1) control, tie stalls; (2) deprivation of lying from 09:00 to 16:00 and from 22:00 to 05:00, tie stalls; (3) social isolation, tie stalls; (4) slatted floor, crowding in box. Plasma GH concentrations were measured after 23 d of treatment during an 8-h serial blood sampling as well as prior to and after a short test. On day 24, GH response was measured in a serial blood sampling for 0.5 h prior to and for 5 h following intravenous administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Deprivation of lying down reduced the level of GH in all sampling series, while no difference was found between treatments 1, 3, and 4. Plasma concentrations of GH prior to and after the test were not different. While concentration of plasma GH of deprived cows did not respond to ACTH challenge, an immediate and transient increase in plasma GH was found in the cows on the other...


Small phytoplankton, ubiquitous throughout the world's oceans, numerically dominate many open ocean ecosystems with increasing importance towards the base of the euphotic zone. As an example, light-limited deep secondary chlorophyll maxima are usually dominated by small phytoplankton species. Theoretical models describing light-particle interactions predict that small particles scatter light less efficiently than their larger counterparts. To investigate a possible relationship between the dominance of small phytoplankton in light-limited situations and efficiency predictions, a light scattering efficiency model based on Mie theory as approximated by Van de Hulst is used to determine scattering efficiency as a function of size. This scattering efficiency model, which approximates light-phytoplankton interactions by considering phytoplankton as homogeneous spheres, is driven by the spectral light field from an observed deep phytoplankton population dominated by small phytoplankton. This deep secondary chlorophyll maximum is discussed as an example of a highly efficient small phytoplankton population at the threshold of the euphotic zone which could benefit as a result of its size distribution.


Punganur Cattle is the world's smallest Bos indicus cattle originated in Punganur town in Chit toor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This bree d is known for its short stature, high milk production efficiency and efficient reproductive characters. In Ancient Ayurvedic scriptures such as Charaka samhita, Shushruta samhita and Brahad - Wagbhatt mention various medicinal properties of cow urine. It is used as an insecticide and in disorders like int estinal gas, acidity and cough. Although Indian Ayurvedic literature cites many medicinal properties of cow urine, there is no scientific evidence to support this. Hence, the present study was aimed to evalu ate the antidiabetic activity of cow urine was undertaken. The effect of a distillate of cow urine was studied in vivo in rats given streptozotocin. Diabetes was induced by administration of streptoz otocin (50 mg / kg body wt., i.p). The antidiabetic effec t of three different doses and a standard drug, Glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg, p.o) , was studied in diabe tic rats. Fasting blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles, liver glycogen levels and initial and final changes in body weight were assessed . The cow uri ne distillate produced a significant ( P < 0.05) reduction of the elevated blood glucose, serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels when compared with the diabetic control. The diabetic animals treated with cow uri ne distillate also showed a signific ant increase in HDL levels and a gain in body weight when compared with the diabetic control. Earlier studies have revealed t he presence of antioxidants and free radical scavengers in cow urine which might be responsible for anti - diabetic effects. The pre sent communication records the first ever report on protective role of cow urine on diabetic in a bizarre situation of tropical climate of Andhra Pradesh (AP), India .


The community composition, developmental time and duration, and habitat selection of grasshoppers on alpine grassland of the Qilian Mountains, China were investigated using net-sweep method from 2007 to 2009, and their fecundity character was indicated by the number of eggs per female. During the investigation 15 species (or species groups), belonging to 10 genera in 4 families were collected, and of them Angaracri rhodopa (F.-W.), Oedaleus asiaticus B.-Bienko, Myrmeleotettix palpalis Zub, Chorthippus fallax (Zub.) and Ch. albonemus Cheng et Tu were dominant species. According to the egg-hatching times and dominant period of the adults, the grasshopper species can be divided into 2 groups, the early-period and the mixed- period species. Obvious differences in developmental duration were found among the species and between each instar. Based on the duration of 1st~3rd instars and adult stage, the whole generation period of A. rhodopa was the longest among all 15 species (P0.05). The fecundity was evidently dissimilar among the species, and the females of O. asiaticus and Ch. albonemus produced more egg capsules than other species (P0.05). The greatest number of eggs per egg capsule were held by the two species A. rhodopa and O. asiaticus (P0.05). The habitat selection of grassland grasshoppers were affected by vegetation structure and its individual size, and which could mainly divided into terricoles, planticoles and terri-planticoles. Tab3, Ref44


The changes of pigment content in pericarp of Fuji apple stains and the relationships between anthocyanin content and other pigments were studied.Six Fuji apple varieties were used as materials,to find the pigment change rules through investigating the contents of anthocyanin,Chla,Chlb,Chl,carotenoid,flavonoid and total phenolic.The results showed that pigment contents of 6 Fuji apple varieties changed similarly.Anthocyanin content increased gradually.The contents of Chla,Chlb,Chl and carotenoid decreased slowly with double peaks.There was little change in flavonoid and total phenolic content.Before picking,anthocyanin content of Yataka and Beni Shogun was higher than that of other varieties,the contents of Chla,Chlb,Chl were reverse.Path analysis indicated that there was negative correlation between the changes of anthocyanin content and other pigments during fruit development and it was mainly effected by the contents of Chla and carotenoid.


In order to analyze the characteristic of the heavy metal content in wheat grain in Xiaoxian County, 23 samples were collected and done statistics by SPSS software. The results show that the average heavy metal content of lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), zinc(Zn), copper(Cu) in the wheat grain is respectively 0.08565mg/kg, 0.002228 mg/kg, 0.8413 mg/kg, 29.9798 mg/kg, 5.5786 mg/kg. The quality of wheat grain is in good health. The coefficient variation of lead (Pb) is 84.36% which shows the content is not stable and the other elements have a little regional difference. Correlation analysis shows that the correlation coefficient of Zn and Pb is 0.617 at the 0.01 significance level. It shows that Zn and Pb have the same or similar pollution sources. System cluster analysis show that Yanji town and Shengquan town belong to the same category where the mining production behavior is distinguished from other region of sampling point.A


IntroductionAU : Pleaseconfirmthatallheadinglevelsarerepresentedcorrectly: PLOS Pathogens is a trusted venue for impactful research that readers everywhere rely on to view, download, and share. The journal empowers authors to decide how they want to share their work by removing barriers, taking action on the feedback from our community, and providing transparency every step of the way. As with all PLOS journals, PLOS Pathogens strives to be a conduit for good open science practices. However, we know that there are barriers to the adoption of open science practices [1], and our approach to increasing adoption should be driven by evidence and community need.


In the introductory essay to an edited volume entitled Global Law Without a State, Gunther Teubner claims that lex mercatoria, the law of TNCs, is the 'most successful example of global law without a state'. Contrary to Teubner's claim, as compound corporations, transnational corporations (TNCs) are fundamentally intermingled with and dependent upon states throughout their legal life. The state, far from being a neutral rule-maker, often employs its public law powers to promote certain private commercial interests. In this paper, the author examines this relationship between public and private persons from the perspective of the state's corporate partner. Toindicate the public law nature of the corporate partner, we refer to these nominally-private persons as compound corporations. Such corporations alchemically mix public and private law elements to strengthen their legal power. Compound corporations have existed in various forms throughout history, including during the colonial period.


Background: Culture and ethnicity are among the factors affecting esthetic judgment of individuals. Aims: This study aimed to assess the acceptability threshold of variations in four components of an esthetic smile namely vertical lip thickness, dental midline deviation, buccal corridor, and the golden ratio in maxillary lateral incisors display among laypersons of different races and cultures. Subjects and Methods: Raters (n = 35 in each city) among laypersons of nine cities namely Istanbul, Isfahan, Tabriz, Tehran, Doha, Rome, Sydney, Chicago, and Yazd, were given a photo album containing 27 random images of an attractive female smile, digitally altered with regard to the four smile components. They scored each picture from 0 to 100 in terms of smile attractiveness. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using SPSS 13 and the acceptability threshold for each component was calculated in each city using the Spearman and Wilcoxon tests. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant differences were noted with regard to the increased vertical lip thickness, and an acceptability threshold could not be determined for it. The acceptability thresholds for midline deviations, buccal corridor, and the golden ratio were different among different cities. One-millimeter increase in the displayed width of maxillary lateral incisors was more desirable than the golden ratio standard width. Conclusion: Culture and race may significantly affect the esthetic preference of individuals with regard to smile attractiveness.


This thesis deals with the study of competition models of several species of microorganisms on two complementary nutrients in a chemostat. We present different models of competition which lead to a very classical result in the mathematical theory of the chemostat known as: the competitive exclusion principle. This result is corroborated experimentally but contradicted by the natural environment where several species are able to coexist in the long term. Several approaches have been proposed to explain this phenomenon of coexistence. Among these, we are interested in that of multi-nutrient for interspecific competition models with direct interaction and for the density-dependent models. The difficulty in the study of the global asymptotic stability in these models is the construction of a Lyapunov function. The Lyapunov functions available in the literature concern only competition models on a single nutrient. The objective of this thesis is the analysis of these models in terms of survival of microorganisms, namely: the permanence property. The approach used in this thesis is entirely theoretical and studied models can be applied in practice.


This study aims to determine the optimal configurations and topologies of an electrical distribution network. This problem is considered an optimization problem that requires criteria to be minimized while respecting various constraints. The objective function considered in the reconfiguration process is the energy not supplied (ENS) to the network. The minimization of this objective function can increase the reliability of network topologies, and the topology with the minimum ENS is the most reliable. The required objective function is expressed using a mathematical expression, which is used in the proposed optimization algorithms. First, this paper presents the objective function and constraints to be considered in the optimization problem. Then, to solve this problem, we use exhaustive research and the genetic algorithm (GA) for an IEEE1-33 bus distribution power system. Based on the obtained results, the optimization of various configurations using the GA contributed qualitatively to improving the reliability index, transited currents, power supply voltage, and execution time.


In this short note we prove that the natural logarithm of every integer 2 is an irrational number and that the decimal logarithm of any integer is irrational unless it is a power of 10.


Based on uniform circular arrays(UCAs),a high-precision estimation of 2D direction angle for multiple sources is proposed.First,exploiting information of source in 2D space-time domain forms the space-time rotational matrix,so that the multiple sources are separated.Second,based on a direct array manifold in UCA,the azimuth and elevation are estimated by Least Squares(LS).Finally,the removal method of cyclic ambiguity is presented.Numerical results show that the advantages of estimator are high precision and robustness to amplitude and phase error of sensor gain.


This paper presents a new stochastic optimization approach for parameter tuning of conventional power system stabilizer (PSS). Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) technique is suggested in this paper to search for optimal settings of PSS parameters. An eigenvalue-based objective function to enhance system damping of electromechanical modes is considered. The performance of the proposed PSS is investigated under different disturbances and loading conditions for a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. The effectiveness of the proposed PSS is demonstrated through nonlinear time-domain simulation and two performance indices. The results analysis reveals that the designed QPSO based PSS has an excellent capability in damping power system oscillations in comparison with designed classical particle swarm optimization (CPSO) based PSS and enhance greatly the dynamic stability of the power systems.


List of Illustrations General Editor's Preface Acknowledgements Textual Note 1. Prologue 2. Text, Playhouse and London 3. Additions, Emendations and Revisions 4. Rehearsal, Performance and Plays 5. Props, Music and Stage Directions 6. Prologues, Songs and Actors' Parts 7. From Stage to Printing House 8. Epilogue Notes Bibliography and Further Reading Index


In my earlier article in this series,' I treated in a general way a number of aspects of Martin Luther's "eschatological theology," including the existential component in that theology, Luther's allegorical application of apocalyptic language and symbols, his attention to what he considered signs of the imminent advent of Christ, his desire for the "dear last day," his concept(s) of the antichrist, and others. The present essay explores a bit further the great Reformer's eschatological theology by focusing specifically on the attention he gave to the two Bible books that are generally considered as full-fledged apocalypses-the O T book of Daniel and the NT book of Revelation (the latter being also referred to as "the Apocalypse" ).


The late Hercynian tectonic evolution of the Calabria crust is characterized by peak metamorphic conditions up to 800 °C and 1000 MPa, and coeval mid‐crustal granitoid emplacement at 304–300 Ma. To check if a post‐collisional extensional framework, similar to that of other Hercynian massifs, can explain petrologic data, we model the pressure–temperature evolution of the crust during extension following granitoid emplacement. Model parameters are constrained by petrologic, geochemical and structural data. Computed P–T paths are characterized by nearly isothermal decompression followed by isobaric cooling, which show a good fit to petrologic P–T paths for duration of extension between 5 and 10 Ma. The model results, therefore, support an interpretation of the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of the Calabria crust in terms of the late Hercynian extension. In this framework, slab break‐off is a reasonable explanation for the common evolution of the southern European Hercynian massifs.


We report a refractive-index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance in etched plastic optical-fibers. Impact of fiber residual thickness and sensing length on the sensor's sensitivity is experimentally investigated.