The written word is one important way through which people
come to think about themselves and the world they live in.
Reading and writing are experiences which are both
personal and political. They are closely connected to the
development of a sense of self. In order to explore the
specific ways in which this development takes place, and
the possibilities offered by particular literary genres, I
interviewed four working-class women writers about their
reading and writing histories from childhood onwards. I
use these interviews to construct a series of case
studies, each of which allows me to focus on a different
genre or area of concern, expressed by the writer herself,
and examine in detail the specific identifications and
pleasures it offers. In doing so I use a reformulated
reader-response criticism to analyse the ways in which
these women use reading and writing to make sense of the
world and of themselves, and to create meaning. I argue
that the value of reader-based criticism lies in its
ability to account for the uses made of texts by individual,
historically-situated readers.


................................................................................................................................. ii PREFACE .................................................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... xii DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................... xiv Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The evolution of complex, whole-animal performance traits ............................... 1 1.2 Traits contributing to prolonged swimming performance in fish ........................ 5 1.3 Model species: Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).......................... 7 1.3.1 Stream-resident and anadromous-marine threespine stickleback ....................... 8 1.4 Research questions ................................................................................................. 10 Chapter 2: Reductions in prolonged swimming capacity following freshwater colonization in multiple threespine stickleback populations. ............................................. 12 2.1 Summary ................................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 12 2.3 Materials and methods ........................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 Fish collection and rearing................................................................................ 15 18.104.22.168 Common-garden reared crosses .................................................................... 15 126.96.36.199 Wild-caught fish ........................................................................................... 16 2.3.2 Measurement of prolonged swimming speed ................................................... 17 2.3.3 Measurement of morphological traits ............................................................... 18 2.3.4 Measurement of standard and maximum metabolic rates ................................ 19 2.3.5 Statistical analyses ............................................................................................ 20 2.4 Results ...................................................................................................................... 21 2.4.1 Prolonged swimming performance ................................................................... 21 2.4.2 Candidate traits ................................................................................................. 22 22.214.171.124 Pectoral fin surface area and shape ............................................................... 22 220.127.116.11 Body shape ................................................................................................... 23 126.96.36.199 Metabolic rates.............................................................................................. 24 2.5 Discussion ................................................................................................................ 25 2.5.1 Evolutionary forces influencing prolonged swimming performance ............... 26 2.5.2 Morphological and physiological traits ............................................................ 28 2.6 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 3: Mechanisms underlying parallel reductions in aerobic capacity in nonmigratory threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations............................ 35 3.1 Summary ................................................................................................................. 35 3.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 35 3.3 Materials and methods ........................................................................................... 38 3.3.1 Experimental animals ....................................................................................... 38 3.3.2 Collection of blood and tissue samples ............................................................ 39 3.3.3 Analysis of blood and tissue samples ............................................................... 40


The present invention relates to a spatial gesture recognition device. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device comprises a pattern forming unit forming certain patterns by projecting lights on the surface of an object inputting gestures in a virtual air bounce; an image acquisition unit for acquiring motion images of an object; and a processing unit for recognizing gestures inputted from the object based on patterns formed on the surface of the object using the acquired images. By using the present invention, a user can accurately input gestures he/she wants by receiving haptic feedback varied according to the depth of an object to input spatial gestures. [Reference numerals] (110) Pattern forming unit; (120) Image acquisition unit; (130) Processing unit; (140) Haptic provision unit


Abstract : In the numerical calculations a single set of parameters for the frame and the shell are chosen along with bay lengths varying from a length-diameter ratio of 0.10 to 0.50. Within this range the stresses in the frame are found to be independent of the distance between the rings. A second investigation involves a single set of frame and shell parameters, but the location of the discontinuity varies. The results indicate that changing the location of the discontinuity within the range considered produces negligible effects on the maximum bending stress in the frame. A third investigation considers various approximate solutions of different degrees of simplicity and accuracy. The results of these solutions are plotted and compared with the results of the exact solution. Finally, a smoothly varying transition section between the two uniform segments of the ring was considered in the analysis.


This paper presents a finite element-based circuit model approach for permanent magnet synchronous machines, electrically excited synchronous machines, and wound rotor induction machines, taking skewing of the rotor or the stator into account. These models utilize lookup tables created by 2-D finite element simulations in advance. Inspired by the finite element multislice technique, a multiple evaluation of these lookup tables is performed to consider skewing. The resulting models are comparable with quasi-static finite element multislice models with voltage fed coils. The only difference is caused by interpolation errors. However, the simulation cost is significantly lower and the memory demand for the lookup tables is acceptable.


Objective To investigate the method for percutaneous interbody fusion of interspace of lumbar vertebrae under local anaesthesia with expanding lumbar vertebrae fusion cage. Methods Percutaneous application of Stang-alone expanding lumbar vertebrae fusion cage (DISC-O-TECH, Israel) was performed in 2 case of L_5/S_1 and 3 cases of L_4/L_5 patients under local anaesthesia. The amount of bleeding and complications during operation and mitigation of postoperative pain were analyzed. Results 5 cases of percutaneous interbody fusion of lumbar vertebrae were completed under local anaesthesia and follow-up was conducted on all the patients for 3-12 months. The average amount of bleeding was 5 ml. There was no injury of nerve root and large vessels or looseness or subsidence and falling-off of implants. The patients left the sickbed for activity with the protection of waist belt and the symptoms disappeared after the third postoprative day. Conclusion Percutaneous application of expanding lumbar vertebrae fusion cage under local anaesthesia is a new technique for the interbody fusion of lumbar vertebrae. It effectively recovers and maintains the height of affected intervertebral space, removes the folds of yellow ligament around neural canal, enlarges the area of neural canal and intervertebral foramen, restores the size of intervertebral foramen, makes the anatomical relations between neural canal and dura mater and between intervertebral foramen and nerve roots return to normal, relieves the compression of nerve roots, recovers the load on anterior and middle columns, and provides postoperative instant stability. It has high fusion rate, few injury, negligible amount of bleeding, true effect, and fast recovery. However, the prospective effects are to be further followed up and summarized.


An engineering classification system was designed for intact rock samples based on simple index tests that could be used to categorize Kentucky surface and near-surface rock types and to assist Kentucky Department of Transportation personnel in planning for transportation facilities. While the literature survey was being conducted, several facts became apparent: (a) A large number of geologic and technical and general and specific rock classification systems already existed: (b) an equally large number of index tests had been devised; and (c) there was a lack of communication among geologists and civil and mining engineers involved in specialized areas of rock-related work and, to some extent, among individuals within each field. It was evident from a careful study of existing classification systems and index testing procedures that developing yet another specialized classification system with associated index tests would not be a significant contribution. It was decided, therefore, to concentrate on development of an overall rock evaluation schema that, although useful for a specific purpose, would avoid the undesirable disparate characteristics of narrowness or overgeneralization prevalent in many classification systems and that would be developed so that accumulated information could be systematically stored for easy access and use. It was apparent that full development and implementation of a program of this nature would require further studies and cooperation of many individuals and organizations. Such a program, properly developed and used, would substantially contribute to an advancement, and a delineation of the schema and guidelines for its implementation would be a worthy goal.


In the last several years there have been several attempts in Croatia to reach social consensus on the main economic and social determinants of the mid-term development. It appears that wage policy issues and their implied relation to the productivity have been the major obstacles to reaching such an agreement. This note aims at clarifying the notion of productivity, mostly from the aggregate point of view (at the level of industry or overall economy), it considers productivity measurement issues and points to the possible use of available data in defining wage policy in Croatia. Analysis shows relatively large discrepancy in labor productivity measures depending on the concept or data source used. Therefore, it has been proposed that real wage increase in social agreement should lay on some pre-agreed fixed increase in real wage rate. The author suggests that a wage increase up to 3 percent plus inflation rate could be well-suited for the purpose of potential future social agreement in Croatia.


Synopsis Details are given of the environmental temperature and humidity conditions which occurred in 15 commercial houses containing broilers weighing between 1.4 and 1.8 kg. The relative humidity of these houses was related to climatic relative humidity. House relative humidity levels which were reduced by increased standards of thermal insulation, by background heating and by correct floor construction, did not fluctuate as widely when temperature and ventilation were controlled by thermostatically operated extraction fans as when the fans were manually controlled. The condition of the litter was correlated with house relative humidity; mean weekly relative humidity levels higher than 72 per cent saturated were associated with caking of the litter surface. During winter, house temperatures higher than 15° C. were achieved when the outside temperature fell to 0°C. or below only where the ventilation was automatically controlled and where the insulation contained an infill of at least 2.5 cm. thickness o...


AbstractThis article investigates the use of personalisation in British current affairs programming. Arguing that criticism of personalisation in television journalism has tended to take its cue from problems with the human interest story in the popular press, it proposes that finer discrimination is required to evaluate degrees of compatibility between modes of personalisation and the knowledge-forming objectives of current affairs journalism. Querying assumptions that knowledge formation inevitably necessitates abstraction, universality, and avoidance of the personal, it explores instead how the personal can be variously deployed in ways that enable as well as impede logical analysis. Examples from programmes are provided to demonstrate both the drawbacks and the potential advantages of specific forms of integrating personalisation. Through a discussion of testimony, the use of case studies, and a human interest approach to investigative journalism, evidence is provided that personalisation can, under p...


This study aims to provide solutions for students of Music Education Study Program of Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta who face problems in singing pop songs, particularly to reach high notes. Growl is a kind of vocal technique for producing growling sounds. Initially, Growl vocal technique was used by metal or rock vocalists. However, this technique can be applied to pop songs as a variation. As a result, it can be functioned as a solution to reach high notes for the singers having low range of notes. This study focused on the process of practicing Growl vocal technique and the use of Growl when singing pop songs. The author implemented qualitative method emphasizing on cas study approach. The data collection was carried out through literature studies, observations, and interviews by selecting sample from the respondents engaging in this study case in which the subjects of the study were Pop Jazz vocal students in Music Education Study Program of Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta. The application of Growl Vocal Technique is highly efficacious when singing both low and high notes in legato manner. In addition, Growl can be an emphasis on the specific lines of song lyrics to convey the enotional meaning of that part. Furthermore, it also can be functioned as an alteration to create divergence of a singer in using vocal techniques when singing. It leads to a novelty that the use of Growl vocal technique can be said to be an aesthetic expression to make voice much more amusing.


Part One-Components and Connections in Financial Statements. 1 Starting with Cash Flows. 2 The Three Financial Statements. 3 Profit Isn't Everything. 4 Sales Revenue and Accounts Receivable. 5 Cost of Goods Sold Expense and Inventory. 6 Inventory and Accounts Payable. 7 Operating Expenses and Accounts Payable. 8 Operating Expenses and Prepaid Expenses. 9 A Unique Expense: Depreciation. 10 Accruing the Liability for Unpaid Expenses. 11 Income Tax Expense and Its Liability. 12 Net Income and Retained Earnings Earnings per Share (EPS). 13 Cash Flow from Operating (Profit-Making) Activities. 14 Cash Flows from Investing and Financing Activities. 15 Footnotes to Financial Statements. Part Two-Financial Statement Analysis. 16 Impact of Growth and Decline on Cash Flow. 17 Financial Statement Ratios. 18 Profit Analysis for Business Managers. Part Three-Reliability of Financial Report. 19 Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards. 20 Accounting Methods and Massaging the Numbers. 21 Audits of Financial Reports in the Post-Enron Era. 22 Parting Comments. Index.


The essential requirements for engine operation are to minimize the total life cycle cost as well as to maintain flight safety and engine performance. They have introduced increasing turbine inlet temperature, higher compression rations, steam cooling for hot gas section components, and advanced high strength-high temperature materials. To improve thrust for the same weight under these severe conditions, the turbine disc should pursue the superior structural integrity. This research aims to evaluate the structural integrity using the structural-thermal coupled field analysis with material and geometry non-linearity. From the analysis results, the strength margin, stress rupture and LCF life are predicted and evaluated.


We have evaluated needle muscle biopsies in 220 patients with various neuromuscular disorders, using a method developed previously at Tuft's University. The method uses a 14‐gauge needle propelled by an automatic device. An average of 3.5 samplings were taken per patient. Muscle samples were used for histological and molecular genetic analysis, and for the isolation of muscle satellite cells for in vitro cultures. The biopsy is well tolerated by the patients who never declined multiple samplings. Complications were few and minor, with no sequelae. In most cases the small size of the muscle specimen (ca. 15 mg per sampling) was sufficient to perform the various procedures and to yield a diagnosis. Specimens were considered insufficient for histological results in 9 patients (4%), due to technical artifacts or insufficient material. We now routinely use this method, which has several advantages over the surgical technique for most muscle biopsies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21: 194–200, 1998.


Being a nationality of rich and traditional moral emotion,Man nationality has formed its own ethic and moral concepts,while being influenced by other nationalities,especially by Han nationality,of their ethic and moral concepts.The present paper briefly summarizes the ethic concepts of Man nationality through its people's social life,marriage,customs,literature and arts,which are considered as the most profound spiritual treasure of the nationality.It plays the key role in Man nationality's traditional culture and social life and customs,forming an indispensable part of the Chinese ethic concept system.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the class 1 integron and the drug-resistant genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAE) isolated from ICU.METHODS Thirty three strains of PAE were isolated from hospitalized patients in ICU,and the class 1 integron genetic markers(including intⅠ1 and qacE△1-sul1) and 22 kinds of the drug-resistant genes were analyzed by PCR.RESULTS In 33 strains of PAE,the deficiency rate of oprD gene was 100.0%,and genes of intⅠ1,qacE△1-sul1,blaIMP,blaVIM,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaOXA-10 group,blaCARB,blaPER,blaVEB,blaGES,blaDHA,blaOXA1 group,blaOXA-2 group,blaBEL-1,blaCTX-M-1 group,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰ,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,ant(2″)-Ⅰ,catB and cml1 were all negative.CONCLUSIONS The class 1 integron is not existed in PAE isolates,and the deficiency rate of oprD gene is very high.oprD Gene lack mutation is the main mechanism of PAE resistant to imipenem.


Abstract Papyrus Bodmer 38 (4th/5th century AD) is one of the most important sources of the Shepherd of Hermas. Here I reconstruct some of its lacunae, which concern one of Hermas' few pieces of autobiographical information, and which lead to both a new hypothesis about his social status and origin, and to a reconsideration of the value of other sources like the Codex Sinaiticus, whose text was followed by the majority of the editions of the Shepherd.


This note is concerned with the output dynamical feedback stabilization for linear systems with distributed delay.Based on the model transformation of neutral type,we properly construct and compute a Lyapunov-Krsovskii functional by using a special analytic method,and establish the delay-dependent stability criterion for the transformed closed-loop systems.Then,combining this stability criterion with the parameterization of controller,we develop the design condition for the desired controller in terms of linear matrix inequality through which the controller is explicitly formulated.A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


A novel approach to virus-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing for studying the function of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS) gene was established and optimized using potato virus X vector and Nicotiana benthamiana as experimental material. The analysis of silencing phenomena, transcriptional level, protein expression, and pigment measurement showed that the expression of the rbcS endogenous gene was inactivated by the expression of a 500-bp homologous cDNA fragment carried in the virus vector.


Abstract The purpose of this work was to investigate the coatings made of Cr3 C2 and SiC powder manufactured on AISI 304 stainless steel applied by the plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding process. SiC content in the produced coated layer was varied between 0–100 wt.% and the effect of SiC concentration on the microstructure and hardness of the coating was measured experimentally. SEM analyses revealed that the composite coatings had a homogeneous, nonporous, and crack-free microstructure. Dendrites and interdendrite eutectics formed on the coating layer, subject to the temperature gradient and the solidification ratio. There was a significant increase in the hardness of coating layers with the effect of the γ -(Fe,Ni), Cr7 C3, Cr23 C6, Fe5 C2, Cr3 Si, CrSi2, Fe>0.64 Ni0.36, CFe15.1, C-(Fe,Cr)-Si phases formed in the microstructure. In comparison to the substrate, the microhardness of the coatings produced by PTA were 2.5–3.5 times harder.


The article deals with the processing of fused infrared and vision images of a welding arc. The considered sequences of infrared and vision images were gathered during a series of laboratory experiments. Different welding instabilities were simulated during the experiments. The aim of the research was to diagnose the welding process based on the results of the processing of fused images. Three methods of analysis of fused images were considered in order to generate diagnostic signals. The first method deals with statistical estimation of pixel values of segmented welding arc area. In the second method topological parameters of the area of welding arc was estimated. The third method was based on the analysis of horizontal profile of welding arc area. In this case several geometrical features were proposed. Extracted features of fused image were estimated. It enabled to perform classification of welding state. Obtained results showed that proposed methods of analysis allowed generation of useful diagnostic signals which could be used for further fault detection and localization purposes.


The automatization and the intellectualization of GIS data processing is the key technique in constructing systematized techniques of the informatization of aerial survey production.The author takes the aerial survey production and its management process in producing 4D production (DEM、DOM、DLG、DRG) as the objects,and studies how to rebuild the flow in the systematized techniques of informatization of aerial survey production,how to construct the operation system for the informatization of aerial survey production and its key solutions.The paper will be illustrated trough the five aspects:the latticing of aerial survey production,management and its production quality control,the intellectualization of data transmission,the integration of technical flow,the automatization of data processing,and the macro-scale operations of production.The paper presents the propagable solutions to the systematized techniques and the operation system construction for the informatization of aerial survey production,and demonstrates them through the production testing and the scale production run in the Gansu Province Mapping Institute project.


The commercial development and expansion of wireless networks has led to the creation of Wireless Handheld Technology (WHT) devices which could prove invaluable in a clinical setting. This exploratory study aimed to find the usage of WHT devices and its impact in facilitating the phenomena of interprofessional communication in a hospital clinical team. The study looked at a heterogeneous team of nurses of a regional hospital in Queensland State, Australia. The primary feature of this study deals with the usage of the personal digital assistant and smart phone. A crossover study was carried out for three months in 2010,
with the research team. The primary outcome measure for assessing efficiency of communication was to find if the usage of device is helpful in decision making. We also sought to assess the technical readiness, perceived
readiness, organizational readiness, clinical practices, social support, compatibility and intention to use by administering a questionnaire. We identify four groups among the respondents, Cluster 1 is characterized by high technical readiness and perceived readiness and low on organisational support, need for clinical practices, social support, need for compatibility and intention to use, Cluster 2 is characterized by high technical readiness, perceived readiness, organizational readiness and intention to use and low on clinical practices, social support and compatibility. Cluster 3 is characterized by high technical readiness, perceived readiness, organizational readiness, clinical practices and social support and low on compatibility and intention to use Cluster 4 is characterized by high technical readiness, perceived readiness, organizational readiness, clinical practices, social support, compatibility and intention to use. Nominal variables (organization, sex, age, experience, position and qualification) produced some significant associations with clusters. It is important to note that the members of the study group, diverse group are more likely to use newer technology and are more receptive to change. The assessment of respondent' perceptions regarding WHT study demonstrated an increasing level of confidence with the devices which is an important characteristic that any device proposed.


To assure the comparability of oriented (lateral, posteroanterior, and oblique) skull radiographs, a craniostat with the capability of maintaining, in a defined spatial attitude, the fixed bones of the cranium and the mandible in a functional relationship (with teeth in occlusion) is required. Such a craniostat for orienting skull data has not been described. SLuch a device is mandatory when comparing radiographs obtained from different types of radiographic equipment and when it is necessary to maintain the spatial relationship of the sktill when it is being transferred from one radiographic unit to another. The craniostat should be small and lightweight, yet flexible enough to adjust to almost any human or primalte sktull. The craniostat also should allow


Moyer [1] gives a uniqueness theorem for ordinary differential equations which includes many of the known criteria for uniqueness. It is demonstrated here that Mloyer's results can be obtained as a special case of Okamura's theorem [2]. (See Yoshizawa, [3].) If f (t, y) is defined and continuous on D: to< t < to +a, I y-yo 1 5b, the problem of uniqueness for a solution z(t) to the initial value problem, (1) y =f(t, y), y(to) =yo is equivalent to the uniqueness of the solution x(t) _0 of (2) -= F(t, x) =f(t, z(t)) -f(t, z(t) -x), where F(t, 0) =0 on D.


The variation of the photocurrent with temperature is found to obey the relation i = i0e−E/RT in naphthalene, stilbene, diphenyl, terphenyl, β-methylanthracene, anthracene, azulene, and pyrene. The activation energies have been measured and are found to increase in the above order. These activation energies show no apparent correlation with the corresponding activation energy of semiconduction, and it is suggested they are associated with the charge carrier transport process.


A virus has been isolated from two outbreaks of a disease characterised by the development of lesions on the vulva of the mare and the penis of the stallion. The clinical findings appear to be identical to those described in the literature under such names as genital horse pox, coital exanthema and eruptive venereal disease (1, 2, 3). It is universally reported that this condition is due to a virus, however to our knowledge a virus has never previously been isolated. In each case the infection involved both mares and stallions and appeared to be spread by coitus. Early lesions were vesicular or pustular in nature and occurred on the vulva and perineal region in the mares and on the penile mucosa of the stallions. Later the uncomplicated lesions appeared circular and pock-like, and as healing progressed affected areas became depigmented. The incubation period was 6 to 8 days and in the absence of secondary infection the lesions healed in 10 to 14 days. No effects on fertility were apparent but affected stallions were reluctant or refused to cover mares until lesions had healed. The viral agent, which we prefer to leave unnamed until it can be classified was isolated by inoculation of horse kidney or testicle cell cultures with material taken by biopsy from lesions in infected mares. Within 24 hours of inoculation the cultures showed ballooning and rounding of cells and considerable cell death. Coverslip cultures stained by the May-GrunwaldGiemsa method showed multinucleated giant cells (polykaryocytes) containing up to 20 nucleii. Many of the nucleii in both giant cells and others showed intranuclear Type A inclusion bodies similar to those seen in herpesvirus infections. The virus


The present invention discloses a method of reducing train energy consumption and improve the transport capacity of the line belonging to the train communication and control art. Multi-Train Control System First, the influence by the transmission loss equivalent to a network control system; the zone controller waits to receive all the status information of the train, the train does not receive the estimated state the status information, the train movement authority waiting to receive a command, If you do not receive a movement authority is based on the estimate of new mobile command authorization command. Train loop gain select the minimum energy consumption or minimum distance criterion train, and the state of the vehicle is calculated using all the front part of the train or trains state and execute control commands. The present invention can reduce unnecessary to train traction and braking the vehicle information transmission loss caused by the reduction of traction energy consumption and improve ride comfort. Meanwhile, the train can reduce the fluctuation of the transmission loss caused by pitch, improving the transport capability of a line, to improve the comfort of the passengers.


Abstract : An AC-130A aircraft empennage was instrumented with electrical- resistance strain gages and flight test data was obtained for antiaircraft evasive maneuvers, 20mm General Electric Vulcan cannon firings, and 40mm Bofors gun firings. Complete descriptions of the test instrumentation, test conditions, strain gage locations, and results are contained in the report. Strain gages were located in the aircraft empennage area based on minimum margins of safety as found in the original Lockheed stress analysis. Results show that those stresses caused by gun firing, either 20mm or 40mm, are quite small and that the sum of the stresses due to the left hand orbit maneuver and the gun firing is well below design limits. Stresses produced by antiaircraft evasive maneuvers were also found to be well below design limits.


Immigration is a huge element of contemporary political debate, and it continues to divide and polarise opinion, while fuelling the rise of UKIP and other radical parties across Europe. Here, Craig Johnson and Sunil Rodger argue that while hostility to immigration may be in part to do with economics, a sunny economic outlook is unlikely to reassure immigration-sceptics of its worth.


Parenting is one of the primary influences on child development. There is extensive research investigating the association between parenting style and child outcome, from preschool to college years, and in different countries and cultures. This article will review the pertinent literature available on this topic to investigate which aspects of child development are influenced by different parenting styles, and which parenting style is associated with best outcomes. A significant number of studies regarding parenting strategies and their effect demonstrate that parenting style directly influences children's psychosocial development and outcome. Multiple articles published across the world found that the authoritative parenting style was associated with better overall outcome, higher emotional regulation and lower behavioral problems than any other type of parenting. Outcomes such as school achievement, resilience, social competence, adjustment and prosocial behavior were evaluated in the studies we reviewed; best scores were associated with the authoritative parenting style. Clear evidence supports this parenting style and the two dimensions of parenting (warmth and responsiveness) as the most effective strategies in raising children to become competent, successful, and happy adults. Therefore, most experts, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), recommend the authoritative parenting style, as proven to be strongly associated with positive behavioral outcomes, and good mental health in children and adolescents.


In this paper, we propose a novel approach to optimize parameters for strategies in automated trading systems. Based on the framework of Reinforcement learning, our work includes the development of a learning environment, state representation, reward function, and learning algorithm for the cryptocurrency market. Considering two simple objective functions, cumulative return and Sharpe ratio, the results showed that Deep Reinforcement Learning approach with Double Deep Q-Network setting and the Bayesian Optimization approach can provide positive average returns. Among the settings being studied, Double Deep Q-Network setting with Sharpe ratio as reward function is the best Q-learning trading system. With a daily trading goal, the system shows outperformed results in terms of cumulative return, volatility and execution time when compared with the Bayesian Optimization approach. This helps traders to make quick and efficient decisions with the latest information from the market. In long-term trading, Bayesian Optimization is a method of parameter optimization that brings higher profits. Deep Reinforcement Learning provides solutions to the high-dimensional problem of Bayesian Optimization in upcoming studies such as optimizing portfolios with multiple assets and diverse trading strategies.


One feature of Primary Health Care is its focus on the family: understanding family dynamics and providing care to meet the needs of its members, both individually and as an interacting group. The family is recognised as the prime context for identifying and explaining its members' illness and where such illness is most important. These
characteristics make the family a unit of care which health workers should understand in terms of its dynamics, at the same time as it is a care-giving unit which can become health services' partner in caring for its members. The purpose of Brazil's Family Health Strategy (Estrategia Saude da Familia) is to establish that partnership with the family in such a way as to make it more autonomous and more independent, thus contributing to building citizenship. The purpose of the present study was to analyse "centrality of the family" as an attribute of the Family Health Strategy (Estrategia Saude da Familia), examining how health workers contemplate the family context in practice and how
family members perceive the practices of the Family Health Strategy in Manaus. It is qualitative study. The study informants were the families and the health professionals working in the Family Health Teams (Equipe Saude da Familia – ESF). The data collection techniques were: focal groups with nurses, doctors, community health workers (CHWs) and nursing auxiliaries; semi-structured interviews of families registered with the Strategy; and observation of the routines of health workers at the family health clinics and at the homes of registered families. Analysis of the data, confronted with the literature, revealed that the conceptions of "family" held by the SF health workers and the registered families corroborate the literature when it shows that the understanding of what family is diverse, depending on the references of whom expresses it. Accordingly, the conceptions of the family that emerged included: family
beyond consanguinity, family as a space of relations, family as a complex field and family as the people you can rely on. The typologies of family that emerged were: nuclear family, single-parent family headed by a women, three generational family, transitory family and satellite family. The Strategy health workers' knowledge of the registered families proved to relate to the families as collectivity, indicating more knowledge about the community than properly knowledge about the families. The
registered families held a perception of the SF family approach that depicted the CHWs as the team members that knew them best. The analysis of the ESF health workers' dealings with the families showed that the family approach was present in few activities, such as CHWs' home visits and meetings with the family and nurses' and doctors' activities in intermediating family conflicts, which had repercussions in both
the family and social contexts. Analysis of family documentation revealed that recordkeeping
with regard to the family unit is incomplete and insufficient, with no dialogue among family members. Family health records are fragmented, with individual family members' Medical Care records separated by priority health programme and the family's registration card with social-economical data being held by the CHW, making it more difficult for other ESF workers to consult. Home visits are, in turn, a practice directed
more to individuals than to the families. Their purposes were described as: an administrative data-gathering activity, a care activity, a strategy for informing both the family members and the team, and a way of forging links, following up non-attendance and scheduling procedures at the family health clinic. Analysis of these practices indicated that the family approach is recurrently addressed to individuals of priority health programme or with physical disabilities. In the same way, the families did not see themselves as receiving family-focussed care, rather they recognize the activities as still relating to the individual family member level. ESF health worker training falls short of
the programme proposal for the family approach: the corresponding course content is insufficient in terms of both subject matter and course hours. Analysis of the family approach in health workers' duties as defined in official documents points to the CHW as the key component responsible for links with the family. The CHW is expected to provide both the ESF and the families with the information they require. Although,
observation of ESF workers' day-to-day activities indicated that the ESF made little use of the information on the family context provided by the CHW. In summary, analysis of the family's centrality in the Family Health Strategy in Manaus showed that the approach has been directed predominantly to the individual and only incipiently to the family. In order for the healthcare teams actually to implement "centrality of the family" as an attribute of Primary Health Care measures by federal and municipal managers are necessary to provide specific training, as well as tools and resources to make the family approach possible.


The urinary metabolites of 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) in humans have been investigated by analyzing urine specimens from its users. For the unequivocal identification and accurate quantification of its major metabolites, careful analyses were conducted by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, using authentic standards of each metabolite synthesized. Three major metabolic pathways were revealed as follows: 1) side chain degradation by O-demeth-5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) is a tryptamine derivative that possesses, in its chemical structure, the critical features necessary for hallucinogen/stimulant activity; substitutions on the indole ring and the ethylamine side chain of tryptamine result in a pharmacologically active substance (Fig. 1). Shulgin and Carter (1980) synthesized 5-MeO-DIPT and reported its hallucino-genic activity when administered orally. It produces pharmacological effects similar to those of other Schedule I hallucinogens such as dimethyltryptamine (DMT) (Shulgin and Carter, 1980). It is often used orally at a dosage ranging from 6 to 20 mg, and is sometimes taken through the routes of smoking and snorting. Oral administration of 6 to 10 mg of 5-MeO-DIPT produces subjective effects with an onset at about 20 to 30 min, a peak at about 1 to 1.5 h, and a duration of about 3 to 6 h (DEA, 2003). Also, 5-MeO-DIPT causes mydriasis, and high dosages produce nausea, jaw clenching, muscle tension, and overt hallucinations with both auditory and visual distortions. The abuse problem of 5-MeO-DIPT first emerged in 2001 in the United States (DEA, 2001), and then in the same year in Japan (Katagi et al., 2002), and, since then, in various other countries. 5-MeO-DIPT has often been sold under the name " Foxy " or " Foxy Methoxy, " in tablet and capsule forms, which is often used in raves (lively parties involving dancing and drinking). Because this drug is easily available through the Internet, its use has been extensively and rapidly spreading , especially among teenagers and young adults. Because of its escalating popularity and potent physiological effects, increasing numbers of acute poisoning cases (e.g., its overdose) have been reported. Although research on the metabolism of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) in mammals (Sitaram et al., 1987) provides some useful information for analyzing 5-MeO-DIPT metabo-lites in human body fluids, only a few data have been reported for its metabolism in humans. Recently, " tentative identification " of several metabolites in humans, but without using authentic standards, was reported (Meatherall and Sharma, 2003; Wilson et al., …


Even at the height of the British Empire at the end of the nineteenth century, with the world poised on the edge of the First World War and looking forward to a new era of technology and capitalism, Belgium under the rule of King Leopold the Second was exploiting the Congo in Africa at a rate and with a level of brutality seldom even evoked in battle and Empire hardened nations like Britain and Spain. A thoroughly pompous man who hardly ever related to the real world, he was instrumental in building a massive cult of the European science and technology as instrumental in colonising nations. He quotes – and it is this quotation that is forever carved into his memorial The Last Tango in Congo: Heart of Darkness, Tintin in the Congo and the Politics of Eternal Deferral


Peritoneal carcinomatosis due to the presence of primary ovarian rhabdomyosarcoma of alveolar subtype (OARMS) is an extremely rare malignant tumour, with very few cases reported in the international literature. Herein, we present an interesting case of diffuse peritoneal dissemination of OARMS, in a previously asymptomatic patient, who was investigated for progressive abdominal distension.


Background: Typical atrial flutter (AFL) is a macroreentrant tachycardia in which intra-cardiac conduction rotates counterclockwise around the tricuspid annulus. Typical AFL has specific electrocardiographic characteristics of a negative sawtooth-like wave in the inferior lead and a positive F wave in lead V1. Objective: This study analyzed the source of the positive F wave in lead V1, which has not been well elucidated. Methods: This study included 10 patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for a typical AFL. Electroanatomical mapping was performed both during typical AFL and entrainment from the right atrial appendage (RAA). The 12-lead electrocardiogram and three-dimensional (3D) electroanatomical maps were analyzed. Results: The positive F wave in lead V1 changed during entrainment from the RAA in all the cases. The 3D map during entrainment from the RAA showed an area of antidromic capture around the RAA, which collided with the orthodromic wave in the anterior right atrium. This area of antidromic capture around the RAA was the only difference from the 3D electroanatomical map of tachycardia and is thought to be the cause of the disappearance of the F wave in lead V1 during entrainment. Conclusion: The analysis of the differences in the 12-lead ECG and 3D maps between tachycardia and entrainment from the RAA clearly showed that activation around the RAA is responsible for the generation of the positive F wave in lead V1 of typical AFL.


A
systematic conceptual density functional theory (DFT) analysis was performed on
a series of chlorinated chalcones to study the effect of electron distribution
on antimicrobial activity. In our previous work, a series of 16 chlorinated
chalcones were synthesized to determine the antimicrobial effects of varying
the location of the halogen substituent on each aromatic ring of the chalcone. Herein is reported a DFT investigation of
those 16 chalcones and a comparison of quantum chemical properties to their
antimicrobial activity. DFT global chemical
reactivity descriptors (chemical hardness/softness, chemical potential/electronegativity,
and electrophilicity) and local reactivity descriptors (Fukui functions and
dual descriptor) were calculated for all compounds using Spartan'18 software. All calculations were carried out
at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Reactivity analysis of the Fukui dual
descriptor calculations reveals sites of nucleophilic and electrophilic
attack. These in-silico results provide a foundation for further
synthetic optimization of the chalcone skeleton to serve as novel
antimicrobial agents.


The development of information technology has had a revolutionary impact on education. New teaching modes such as moocs, flipped classroom are changing the traditional teaching mode. Flipped classroom is a new teaching mode which originated in the West. It has been well received abroad and impacted the traditional teaching mode. Flipped classroom is to turn over the traditional classroom, impart knowledge outside the classroom, and internalize knowledge within the classroom. Knowledge impart is taught by teachers to create video, and students can complete the instruction of teachers in video in their home or outside class, and return to the classroom to discuss and consolidate the teaching form of the learned knowledge. At present, the use of flipped classroom teaching mode is seldom seen in Japanese teaching. This paper mainly studies the feasibility, advantages and problems of flipped classroom in Japanese teaching. Keywords—education informationization; flipped classroom;


Freis retired from full time duties at Georgetown School of Medicine and the Veterans Administration Hospital in 1987, though
 he continued research and writing for many years after. Levinson's letter reflects on Freis's career as a clinician
 and role model.


Progress on the guided-wave acoustooptic and electrooptic sequential switches for optical time-multiplexing and -demultiplexing is described in some detail. The performance figures obtained so far indicate their potential use for future ultra-high data rate fiber/integrated optics systems.


Condensation between indole, Meldrum's acid, and benzyloxycarbonylacetaldehyde or aminoacetaldehyde derivatives yielded trimolecular adducts 7a−c. The latter were cyclized to indole-substituted 2-pyrrolidones 15a−b or 3-aminopyrrolid-2-ones 18a−b, depending on the starting material. Derivative 18a was transformed into pyrrolo[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indol-3(2H)-ones 19a and 20a by a Pictet−Spengler condensation with benzaldehyde.


Abstract Despite consistent, continued efforts by the aviation industry to reduce emissions, further technological advances are required to mitigate its impact on the global climate. This article first outlines aviation's importance in the global challenge and its specific constraints relative to other industries. It then investigates the current understanding of aviation's climate impact and the ongoing Rolls-Royce efforts to develop technologies to mitigate it. This includes improving the engine's propulsive efficiency, thermal efficiency, and combustion process. This article also discusses paradigm shifts that might redefine the way this industry operates in the global environment.


A simple imaging procedure has been devised for patients with peritoneovenous shunts when ascites reaccumulates and a decision must be made on whether or not to revise the shunt. A dose of 99mTc-sulfur colloid is injected into the peritoneal cavity and imaging of the abdomen and chest is performed 30 and 60 min later. After checking for tracer distribution throughout the peritoneal cavity, one looks for radioactivity in the liver and spleen and in the anterior chest tube. With a properly functioning shunt and effective breathing exercises, these are easily identifiable. If the shunt is obstructed, tracer activity will remain in the peritoneal cavity and thus cannot be identified in the liver or spleen.


Let K be a field of characteristic p with q elements and FΕ in L[X,Y] be a polynomial with p> deg_Y(F) and total degree d. In [40], we showed that rational Puiseux series of F above X=0 could be computed with an expected number of O~(d5+d3log q) arithmetic operations in L. In this paper, we reduce this bound to O~(d4+d2log q) using Hensel lifting and changes of variables in the Newton-Puiseux algorithm that give a better control of the number of steps. The only asymptotically fast algorithm required is polynomial multiplication over finite fields. This approach also allows to test the irreducibility of F in L[[X]][Y] with O(d3) operations in K. Finally, we describe a method based on structured bivariate multiplication [34] that may speed up computations for some input.


A vacuum switch (1) comprising a vacuum chamber (2), in which a vacuum prevails and in which a switching contact is arranged, wherein the switching contact is a fixed manner to the vacuum chamber (2) connected to the fixed contact piece which is in electrical contact with a fixed contact terminal (11) , and has a relation to the fixed contact piece movably guided Bewegkontaktstuck disposed in a release position spaced from the fixed contact piece and makes contact in a contact position, the fixed contact piece, a drive unit (7) for generating a drive movement, one with the drive unit (7) and the Bewegkontaktstuck related switching mechanism (4) having an up to Bewegkontaktstuck electrically conductive conductor portion, and connecting means connecting a Bewegkontaktanschlussklemme in the contact position (13) electrically connected to the Bewegkontaktstuck to provide, which is compact and with little effort, and in particular at high Einschaltgeschwi ndigkeiten provides a safe current path with a high current carrying capacity between the terminals of the vacuum switch, it is proposed that the connecting means comprises a clamp contact (16, 17), the connected via a with the conductor portion of the switching mechanism (4) Einfuhrklemmkontaktstuck (16) and a fixed with has the vacuum chamber (2) and electrically connected to the Bewegkontaktanschlussklemme (13) connected to the counter-clamping contact (17), which are arranged to each other, ...


Two-dimensional grain movements were microscopically observed in high-temperature shear deformation of an oxide-dispersion-strengthened ferritic steel with an elongated and aligned grain structure that was sheared in a direction perpendicular to the grain long axis. The microstructure was analyzed using electron back-scattered diffraction and electron channeling contrast imaging techniques before and after the shear deformation. Clear grain switching events, which are assumed to occur via grain-boundary sliding (GBS), were observed and the switching mechanism was characteristic of the core–mantle superplasticity model proposed by Gifkins; dislocation densities got much higher in narrow areas near the grain boundaries (mantles) than the grain interiors (cores). The mantle regions typically appeared in protruding portions of grains that was likely resistant to GBS, and low-angle boundaries were found to emerge at the core–mantle boundaries via slipping of dislocations within the mantle regions.


The migrant crisis brought migration to the political agenda and exposed the weaknesses of the European Union, FRONTEX and Member States in the border management mechanisms. In 2015 more than 1.5 million illegal border crossings were detected at external borders, representing an all-time peak of arrivals, with Turkey being one of the main entry points, with around 800,000 irregular migrants, and more than 500,000 Syrian nationals. The European Union reached an agreement with Turkey to end to the irregular migration flow, resulting in a decrease in irregular entries into Europe. However, the number of arrivals is growing again and, although the situation cannot be compared to that of 2015, the upward trend is consolidating. This situation is aggravated by the start of the Turkish military offensive against the Kurds in Syria and by President Erdogan Recep Tayyip's threat to break the agreement with the EU and irregularly let in more than 3.6 million people. The European priority for solving the migration crisis has focused on stabilization with ad hoc measures rather than long-term planning.


WANG Ming-sheng gains outstanding merits to test classic Shi to the academic research in Qing Dynasty.On the basis of collating the historical book extensively,WANG Ming-sheng makes a careful and detailed analysis to a series of doubtful historical facts involved in the 19 Histories.His research is open to run through and comprehensive research,and has solved many eternal difficulties and put forward many historiography opinions with much originality.In the test of history,he collects evidence rigorously by means of scientific method.The content of his research is extensive,and his contributions to the academic research of Qing Dynasty are of great importance.WANG Ming-sheng's comprehensive textual criticism enriched the field of collation of history and benefited the later scholars in their compiling and study of historical records.


In this paper, we present an engineering system for monitoring and forecasting wellness of an elderly person in relation to performance of daily activities. Complex behavioural changes of daily activities are captured in real time for reliable measurement of wellness operations. These tasks are realized with the sensor status of the household objects in use by the elderly in combination with prediction process of time series data processing algorithm. This will assist in determining the quantitative well-being of an elderly and alert if the daily activity behaviour is irregular.


Compounds possessing a metal‐hydrogen or metalloid‐hydrogen bond are classified and their preparation, structure, and properties reviewed briefly. The chemical, metallurgical, and technological uses of hydrides are referred to in the light of recent developments.


The defeat of Jia Wu War makes rise to lots of native people awaken,which causes most of them to go to Japan.However,the way of study is not a pleasant journey.The fact of that deliberately creating-obstacles and aggressive ambition of Japan government gradually is exposed,an unanimous Return to Country Movement comes out again and again.It is typical of the return to country movement for returned students from Japan in1905.At the juncture that they are opposed to the Ban Rule,returned students organized a large-scale Return to Country Movement for the nation's honor and self-survival.In a sense,this movement was a centralized outburst of group realization.In addition,through this intense fight the sense of identification and belonging are further strengthened.The movement has provided a new attempt for later fights and has deep influence on the Chinese recent history of study abroad.


Rationale: Lower natriuretic peptide (NP) levels may contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Blacks have lower NP levels than middle-aged and older white adults. A high-carbohydrate challenge causes an upregulation of a negative ANP regulator microRNA-425 (miR-425) which reduces atrial-NP (ANP) levels in whites. Objective: We designed a prospective trial to study racial differences in 1) NP levels among young adults, 2) NP response to a high-carbohydrate challenge, and 3) explore underlying mechanisms for race-based differences. Methods and Results: Healthy self-identified blacks and whites received three days of study diet followed by a high-carbohydrate challenge. Gene expression from whole blood RNA was assessed in the trial participants. Additionally, atrial and ventricular tissue samples from the Myocardial Applied Genomics Network (MAGNet) repository were examined for NP system gene expression. Among 72 healthy participants, we found that B-type-NP, N-terminal-pro-B-type-NP (NTproBNP), and mid-regional-pro-ANP (MRproANP) levels were 30%, 47%, and 18% lower in blacks compared with whites (p{less than or equal to}0.01), respectively. The decrease in MRproANP levels in response to a high-carbohydrate challenge differed by race [blacks 23% (95%CI: 19% to 27%) vs. whites 34% (95% CI: 31% to 38%); Pinteraction<0.001], with no change in NTproBNP levels. We did not observe any racial differences in expression of genes encoding for NPs (NPPA/NPPB) or NP signaling (NPR1) in atrial and ventricular tissues. NP processing (corin), clearance (NPR3) and regulation (miR-425) genes were ~3.5, ~2.5, and ~2 fold higher in blacks than whites in atrial tissues, respectively. We also found a 2-and 8-fold higher whole blood RNA expression of gene encoding for Neprilysin (MME) and miR-425 among blacks than whites. Conclusions: Racial differences in NP levels are evident in young healthy adults suggesting a state of NP deficiency exists in blacks. Impaired NP processing and clearance may contribute to race-based NP differences. Higher miR-425 levels in blacks motivate additional studies to understand differences in NP downregulation after physiological perturbations.


The paper attempts to provide an understanding of the reasons Romania has not sought non-territorial autonomy as a solution for minority claims by analysing a 15-year-old legislative proposal elaborated by a minority rights organisation. Although the analysis of this antiquated proposal seems long overdue, it holds answers relating to the attitude of the State and of minority organisations regarding autonomy, in which—ultimately—the issue seems to be a lack of serious intention by either of the two to change the minority legal status quo.


The fabrication of low-dimensional structures is a key topic in today's research, not only because of the demand of further miniaturization and integrated devices but also due to the fact that nanostructured materials offer diverse physical properties compared to their bulk materials. Various methods are used for the production of such small structures, whereas lithography is a common method to achieve regular arranged structures with a defined geometry. However, selforganizationmethodsofporesarealsoofinterestduetotheirlow-costs and time-saving. Template assisted self-assembly of nanostructures is an adequate tool in order to achieve 3-dimensional arrays of nanostructures. Common templates which are employed are e.g. anodic porous alumina 1 but also porous silicon. 2 Porous silicon, formed by anodization of a silicon wafer can be fabricated with many various morphologies ranging from pore-diameters of a few nanometers up to several micrometers. To achieve arrangements of nanostructures with specific properties within the template pore diameters in the mesoporous regime are of interest. Beside the trapping of molecules within the pores of such structures 3 their filling with various metals has been investigated intensely. 4,5,6 The filling with magnetic materials allows the tuning of the resulting magnetic properties of the composite system. In the following section the filling of the pores of porous silicon templatesofdifferentmorphologywillbediscussed,specifically,with respecttothesurfacetexture.Theelectrodepositionofmagneticmaterials will be elucidated and the adjustability of the resulting magnetic properties will be pointed out.


The data of pulmonary function are given in the Appendix, page 6. They were plotted against time for each child as exemplified in Fig. 2. It is evident from the diagrams that the pulmonary function dimensions deviated markedly from normal during attacks (predicted for each child on the basis of the relationship to height). Rapid changes towards normal level occurred during the days following attack. When the clinical status had stabilized the pulmonary function gradually attained stability and only minor changes with no particular trend could he detected. The same pattern was found in all children studied. In view of the multitude of data the material had to he treated by extensive statistical analyses. These analyses were performed cross-sectionally and longitudinally.


By using GIS and RS technology,the coastal wetland landscape changes of Yancheng form 1987 to 2007 were compared,its landscape changes and effect of ecological environment were analyzed.The result indicated that:(1) the coastal wetland landscape in Yancheng was disturbed intensively by human activity,landscape fragmentation was obvious.During 1987-2007,the average pattern area changed from 753.910 hm2 to 124.470 hm2;the average dimension varied from 1.036 to 1.027;(2)the response of coastal wetland eco-environmental mainly performances as the coastal wetland in Yancheng is the key of reclamation,natural wetland area largely lost,the ninth five-years and the tenth five-years reclamation area near the city was 1/3 of the wetland area;the living environment of Red-crowned cranes faced threats,biodiversity declined,the population of red-crowned cranes wintering declined since 2000,wetland ecosystem,the water environment and soil environment in coastal wetland faced the threats.


Introduced a new design method of the second-order state variable filter with the high Q using the particle swarm optimization. The method efficiently solves the problems existing in basic genetic algorithms used to design this electric circuit.The problems include slow convergence speed and easy precociousness.The evolution results were emulated in Pspice,and they were satisfying.Lots of experiment results indicate that the important indexes of average convergence generation and average convergence time are much better in particle swarm optimization than in basic genetic algorithms.


Purpose. The growth of surface water salinity in urban landscapes due to both anthropogenic factors and gradual global climate change is studied. The influence of various factors is analyzed, according to the data that have been published in recent years. Methodology. Statistics on the state of surface waters, acidity of precipitation and the quality of drinking water in Ukraine show that in the southern and south-eastern regions the situation is becoming threatening. As Kharkiv region is one of the three leaders in the demands for drinking and technical water among the regions of Ukraine, the analysis of water sources in the Kharkiv region is carried out. Results. The results of measurements of chemical parameters of water samples from different parts of the river system Kharkiv-Lopan-Uda in Kharkiv: at the entrance of each river into the city, at industrial sites, at the mouth and at the exit of the river Uda from the city. It is shown that in recent years there has been a steady increase in the total concentration of salts. The rivers Kharkiv, Lopan and Udy at the entrance to the territory of Kharkiv have a fairly low content of sulfates, chlorides, magnesium and calcium, but after the passage of industrial areas to the city center there is a significant increase in salinity and water hardness. Our own data are in good agreement with the results of water quality tests by other laboratories. Thus, in the context of global climate change, the salt content in the river system Kharkiv-Lopan-Uda increases, which significantly affects the system of groundwater and drinking water. Originality. In the research the detailed data on concentrations of the ions Cl-, SO42-, Са++, Mg++ in 12 locations along the three rivers (Kharkiv, Lopan, Udy) of the complex river sys- tem in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn) have been studied and compared to similar data from open sources. The statistical dependencies of the relative concentrations during the last 40 years have been analyzed. Practical meaning. It is determined that the concentrations of some ions demonstrate the monotones growth during the last years, while others varies non-monotonously. Therefore, the influence of different natural and antropogenic factors on global gradual increase in the river water salinity can be quantified by a complex index weighted over a set of concentrations. Conclusions. The results of the literature and measurement data analysis confirmed that with increasing anthropogenic factors and global climate change, the level of surface and groundwater in the urban area of Kharkiv region will decrease and their quality will deteriorate due to increased salinity, calcification and levels of a number of pollutants, which requires further detailed study of this complex problem, permanent data monitoring and systematization in the open access sources of information, which can be processed both by statistical methods and with the help of new system dynamic approaches for the dynamical systems with the ability to control and stabilize the system.


A simple quantitative model calculation is presented for C–H overtone spectra in polyatomic systems. The model employs a realistic force field Hamiltonian that includes the structure of all modes. The physical basis for the linewidths is a centrifugal coupling to the CCH in‐plane wag motions, as first suggested by Sibert, Reinhardt, and Hynes. To avoid exhaustive analysis of the full coupled‐mode problem, approximate solutions for the eigenstates are constructed, using a statistical assumption on the wave functions in terms of their expansion coefficients in the decoupled mode basis. The results yield a simple physical interpretation for the observed isotope effects, the fluctuations in linewidth with the quantum number, the anomalously narrow lines of C6HF5, etc. Calculations are presented for the linewidths of C6H6, C6HD5, C6D6, and good agreement with the experiment is found. The statistical assumption for calculation of the density of effectively coupled states appears to be adequate for problems of this type.


The rapidly advancing fields of statistical modeling and machine learning have significantly enhanced data-driven design and optimization. This paper focuses on leveraging these design algorithms to optimize a medical walker, an integral part of gait rehabilitation and physiological therapy of the lower extremities. To achieve the desirable qualities of a walker, we train a predictive machine-learning model to identify trade-offs between performance objectives, thus enabling the use of efficient optimization algorithms. To do this, we use an Automated Machine Learning model utilizing a stacked-ensemble approach shown to outperform traditional ML models. However, training a predictive model requires vast amounts of data for accuracy. Due to limited publicly available walker designs, this paper presents a dataset of more than 5,000 parametric walker designs with performance values to assess mass, structural integrity, and stability. These performance values include displacement vectors for the given load case, stress coefficients, mass, and other physical properties. We also introduce a novel method of systematically calculating the stability index of a walker. We use MultiObjective Counterfactuals for Design (MCD), a novel genetic-based optimization algorithm, to explore the diverse 16-dimensional design space and search for high-performing designs based on numerous objectives. This paper presents potential walker designs that demonstrate up to a 30% mass reduction while increasing structural stability and integrity. This work takes a step toward the improved development of assistive mobility devices.


This study aims to determine the pattern of cultural development of the culture of ilmu amaly amal ilmy in cultivating the ulul albab character of the students. The research method uses descriptive qualitative research. Place and robject research in Pondok Pesantren Raudlatul Ulum Guyangan Pati. The results showed that the pattern of cultural development ilmu amali amal ilmi are time management, educational punishment and an integrative curriculum can fosters the character of ulul albab, namely discipline, independence and competence in the fields of general science and religion.


Supersonic retropropulsion was experimentally examined in the Ames Research Center 9×7 Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel at Mach 1.8 and 2.4. The model, previously designed for and tested in the Langley Research Center Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at Mach 2.4, 3.5, and 4.6, was a 5-in.-diam 70 deg sphere-cone forebody with a 9.55-in.-long cylindrical aftbody. The forebody was designed to accommodate up to four 4∶1 area ratio nozzles, one on the model centerline and the other three on the half-radius spaced 120 deg apart. Surface pressure and flow visualization were the primary measurements, including high-speed data to investigate the dynamics of the interactions between the bow and nozzle shocks. Three blowing configurations were tested with thrust coefficients up to 10 and angles of attack up to 20 deg. Results and observations from the test are provided.


Objective: To optimize the extraction and purification technology of the above-ground part of Fritillaria Wabuensis's extract,and confirm the technological parameters.Methods: By acidic dyes colorimetric determination of total alkaloid content,we have the single factor of investigation respectively to every factor that affect the extraction yield of total alkaloid and to optimize text by the response surface method with total alkaloid content.Results: When the extracting process was 2 hour,2 times and 25 times weight of the material powder with 85%EtOH(v/v),the sample extract had the highest rate of extraction.Conclution: The technology prosess of this experiment can be used as a good selection of the extraction methods of above-ground part of Fritillaria Wabuensis's extract.


Diagnoses of (ir)rationality often arise from the experimental investigation of human reasoning. We suggest that such diagnoses can be disputed on various grounds and provide a classification. We then argue that much fruitful research done with classical experimental paradigms was triggered by normative concerns and yet fostered insight in properly psychological terms. Our examples include the selection task, the conjunction fallacy, and so-called pseudodiagnosticity. We conclude that normative considerations retain a constructive role in the psychology of reasoning, contrary to recent complaints in the literature.


This paper presents an analysis of methods to increase the efficiency of heat transfer in heat exchangers. The scope of the research included analysis of efficiency optimization using the example of two tubular heat exchanger structures most often used in industry. The obtained efficiency of heat recovery from the ground of the examined exchangers was over 90%, enabling the reduction of emissions of the heating systems of buildings. The paper presents the results of tests of two types of heat pipes using R134A, R404A, and R407C working agents. The paper also presents the results of experimental tests using the R410A working medium. The results included in the study will also enable the effective use of land as a heat store.


Thirty-six youngsters with apical systolic murmurs, whose clinical evaluations did not allow conclusive differentiation between VSD and MR were studied by PDE. The PDE technique, which supplements M-mode echocardiography with Doppler flow detection, allowed determination of the site of turbulent blood flow in 35/36, 97%;. Twenty-one had PDE findings of VSD but no MR, and all 10 who underwent cardiac catheterization had VSD demonstrated. Fourteen youngsters had PDE findings of MR but no VSD, and all 5 who underwent catheterization were found to have MR but no VSD. One youngster had both VSD and MR demonstrated by PDE and catheterization. and one had no abnormalities detected by PDE or invasive study. The sensitivity and specificity of PDE for determining the origin of troublesome apical murmurs has obvious clinical utllity.


An analytical solution is found for the Reynolds equations describing a simple turbulent shear flow carrying small, wake-less particles. An algebraic stress model is used as the basis of the model, the particles leading to source terms in the equations for the turbulent stresses in the flow. The sources are proportional to the mass loading of the particles and depend on the temporal correlations of the fluid velocities seen by particles, R ij (τ). The resulting set of equations is a system of nonlinear algebraic equations for the Reynolds stresses and the dissipation. The system is solved exactly and the influence of the particles can be quantified


The modern stage in the development of the transport industry is characterized by changes in the traditional economic models of interaction between multiple participants in the provision of transport and logistics services. These changes are caused by digital technologies that form a new digital outline of the business models of the transport industry. The digital ecosystem of transport and logistics is the basis for the breakthrough development of the Russian economy and increasing its competitiveness. However, the digital update format does not offer ready-made solutions, its deployment is constrained by the lack of the necessary number of competent personnel, the high cost of implementing and maintaining digital tools, ensuring high reliability, data preservation and security. All this requires additional resources to overcome the emerging barriers with minimal losses. In this regard, the study of the stated topic is demanded and relevant. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to systematize the main challenges that create imbalances in the pace and scale of modification of the digital circuit of the transport and logistics ecosystem of the Russian Federation. The need to systematize the challenges in creating the digital contour of the transport and logistics ecosystem is justified by the presence of multiple economic interests in this area, including socially significant ones. However, their multidirectional and contradictory nature hinders the rate of formation of a single trend of development of the transport complex and logistics activities of all participants providing services, as well as the creation of a single digital platform that accumulates the potential for effective interaction of transport complex operators. The study was conducted using general scientific methods of knowledge, such as: generalization and systematization of scientific and statistical data on the risks of the barrier environment in the digital transformation of the Russian transport industry, forming the main challenges of the digital ecosystem of transport and logistics, their comparative analysis, synthesis, application of systemic and functional approaches.


The study was carried out in Bharuch and Narmada districts of Gujarat state to identify the various constraints faced by cotton growers in eco-friendly sustainable cotton cultivation. A random sample of 240 cotton growers was selected from Bharuch and Narmada districts and the constraints faced by the scarcity of labours during critical operations followed by scanty technical and in time advice about eco-friendly from line department, high exploitation from the traders, irregular supply of electricity, high cost of inputs, absence of APMC based regulated market, fluctuations in market rate, irregular supply of irrigation, non-availability of credit, high cost of transportation and complexity in getting cotton crop insurance.


Natural-based drugs are the important bioactive substances that have been used for prevention and treatment of diseases. Natural products are prepared in commercial scale from relevant medicinal plants. Hence, large amounts of the plants are needed for extraction and isolation of naturally occurring compounds. Plant cells technology is the best strategy for the production of the plant-derived drugs, which have difficulty process in large scale production. This study was conducted for types, frequencies and efficacies of production methods for natural-based drugs in plant cell technology as an alternative method to preparation from whole herb. Pharmaceutical and biomedical databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest and Google Scholar were searched in this study. Moreover, keywords words were ''secondary metabolite production'', ''pharmaceutical natural compounds'', ''high scale production'', ''cell suspension'', ''immobilized plant cell'', "hairy root", ''elicitor'', ''substrate'', ''plant cell'', ''callus'', ''medicinal plants'', ''isolation and purification''. The correlations have been investigated by random effect model in an Excel program. Findings of this meta-analysis study showed all production methods had high efficacies and percentages of high scale production from 90 to 100%, which were comparable with conventional direct extractions. In addition to, median efficacy values for cell suspension, callus, hairy root and immobilized plant cell methods in production of selected drugs (atropine, paclitaxel, vincristine, camptothecin and colchicine) with 1124, 257, 797 and 969 events were 92.49 (CI95%: 89.78-95.86), 91.98 (CI95%: 89.13-95.25), 95.69 (CI95%: 92.84-98.68) and 93.86% (CI95%: 91.12-96.35), respectively. The plant cell technology for production of secondary metabolites has various advantages including high accuracy, repeatability and productivity, that is a best strategy for production of natural-based drugs.


We present a novel extended partitioned method for two-way solid-fluid coupling, where the fluid and solid solvers are treated as black boxes with limited exposed interfaces, facilitating modularity and code reusability. Our method achieves improved stability and extended range of applicability over standard partitioned approaches through three techniques. First, we couple the black-box solvers through a small, reduced-order monolithic system, which is constructed on the fly from input/output pairs generated by the solid and fluid solvers. Second, we use a conservative, impulse-based interaction term to couple the solid and fluid rather than typical pressure-based forces. We show that both of these techniques significantly improve stability and reduce the number of iterations needed for convergence. Finally, we propose a novel boundary pressure projection method that allows for the partitioned simulation of a fully enclosed fluid coupled to a dynamic solid, a scenario that has been problematic for partitioned methods. We demonstrate the benefits of our extended partitioned method by coupling Eulerian fluid solvers for smoke and water to Lagrangian solid solvers for volumetric and thin deformable and rigid objects in a variety of challenging scenarios. We further demonstrate our method by coupling a Lagrangian SPH fluid solver to a rigid body solver.


In 1992/94 ENEL have proceeded to install the first industrial implementation of a Distribution Automation System (DAS) for both supervision of secondary substations and service to customers. This DAS uses an attractive and privileged solution, called SITRED, for a two-way telecommunication system using both MV and LV distribution power networks as data transmission media. The installation program, following the pilot installation in Rome and before the end of 1995, includes another 15 "Zones" corresponding to the major Italian urban areas. The experience acquired during this period has permitted ENEL to improve the performances of the SITRED system "Integrated System for data Transmission on Electricity Distribution network" and to promote new services in two directions: automation meter reading service directed to other utilities (gas, water, heating); and electricity customer service automation system towards our customers. The decision, to verify these new business opportunities is supported by strong arguments such: the electrical network, used as a communication channel, is an existing wiring which arrives at each room, at each customer's premises, thus there are no extra costs for installation; ENEL's customer assistance is organised in small teams covering all the territory and they could extend their competence; and the relationship between the electrical utility and customer is normally very good.


The authors analyze the average values of the main bodily dimensions and ratios on classes of age and sex on a group of 1,462 teen-agers (739 boys and 723 girls), between 11 and 16 years, coming from some rural communities in the vicinity of the Jassy city, investigated in 2003, comparatively with the results recorded in 1985 on a group of subjects of the same age, from the same places. The main conclusions drawn evidence that today's teen-agers have larger sizes than those studied in 1985, which shows that growth's acceleration process is still manifesting. Significant modifications are to be recorded, too, as to the temporary sexual dimorphism, which is shorter, for certain characters, in the present batch, comparatively with the 1985 one. More than that, the actual teenagers evidence a tendency of longilinization, versus the former ones. As to the puberty, taken into study only for girls, it is more early in the present than in the past group, the average age of puberty being of 13 years and 2 months today comparatively with 13 years and 9 months in the 1985 group.


In this study, a water physical parameter monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has been designed using a Raspberry Pi. Parameters monitored in this system are pH, water temperature, water turbidity, and water level. These parameters are essential to determine the level of water quality and quantity. The sensors used are temperature sensor type DS18B20, turbidity sensor type SEN0189, water pH sensor type SEN0161, and ultrasonic sensor HCSR04 trigger for water level. The software system is a program that is embedded in the Raspberry Pi microprocessor. The working mechanism of the monitoring system is that the system detects the physical parameters of the sensors. The signal results from the sensors will be processed via the Raspberry Pi. The processed data is stored on a server that can be accessed via the web. The working mechanism of the monitoring system is that the system detects the physical parameters of the sensor, the signal results from the sensor will be processed via the Raspberry Pi, and the processed data is stored on a server that can be accessed via the web. The sensor sensitivity levels obtained from observations of the system for parameters of pH, turbidity, temperature, and water level are 52.715 mV/pH, 0.0005 V/NTU, 0.0255 V/°C, and 0.0583 milliseconds/cm, respectively. The accuracy obtained in the system test is an average of 96.86% to 99.9%. The precision of the system ranges from 0.94 to 0.99. From the accuracy and precision test results, the water physical parameter monitoring system can work well.


I read with interest the recent report by Bhargava and Victor describing human ear invasion by predaceous beetles. J In their discussion of the use of lidocaine to immobilize and kill intra-aural insects, the authors made no mention of the occurrence of vertigo as a complication of instillation of lidocaine into the ear canal. This problem may be significant and is especially undesirable if it should happen at a remote site. The following case illustrates the point.


Reinforcement learning is became one of the most important approaches to machine intelligence. Now RL is widely use by different research field as intelligent control, robotics and neuroscience. It provides us possible solution within unknown environment, but at the same time we have to take care of its decision because RL can independently learn without prior knowledge or training and it take decision by learning experience through trial-and-error interaction with its environment. In recent time many research works was done for RL and researchers has also proposed various algorithm and model such as SARSA [2], TDN [3] which tries to solve sequential decision making problems of continuous state and action space.
 In this paper we proposed Q-learning algorithm and evaluation of RL techniques (Reinforcement learning architecture, algorithms for making training matrix in the form of state-action pair Q-table) containing learner (decision making agent) that takes actions in an environment and receive reward for (or penalty) its actions in trying to solves a problems. Learning agent, the fundamental element of reinforcement learning, there is a decision maker that receive and select an action for the system.
 In reinforcement learning technique especially in Query base self learning the learner (Agent) required a lot of training input of execution cycle. In order to assess and comparison of QA and TDN based reinforcement learning, we found that QA is better in the context of discount rate, learning time, memory usage.


The karst subgrade,which lies in the interval section of Guizhou-Guanling Station on the newly built railway from Changsha to Kunming has to be reinforced by grouting. In order to check the reinforcement result,the combination of electrical sounding and transient surface wave method was used by the aid of core drilling for verification,and the result was proved to be good. Therefore,it is demonstrated by practice that the DC sounding together with transient surface wave method is a better combination in grouting quality inspection,and the application result is good.


The financial statements of Local Government must comply with the quality standards applicable qualification. But in fact there is a lack of transparency and accountability in financial reporting in Local Government. This study aims to identify and analyze whether the competence of human resources, financial accounting system application areas, and the role of internal audit affects the quality of Local Government financial statements to be moderated internal control systems of government. Samples in this study are the leaders and the HR or employee subpart finance or accounting in each department of population environment sectors in the Government of Surabaya, East Java Respondent only at 20 SKPD in the City of Surabaya. Methods of data collection using questionnaires. Processing data using SPSS version 21 with descriptive statistical analysis and regression. Based on the research results show that the competence of human resources, the implementation SAKD, the role of internal audit significant effect on the quality LKPD. But when moderated by SPIP variables, HR competencies no significant effect on the quality LKPD.

Keywords: competence of human resources, Regional financial accounting system, internal audit role, Local Government financial statements quality, system of internal Government control.


Artificial neural network modeling does not need to consider the mechanism. It can map the implicit relationship between input and output and predict the performance of the system well. At the same time, it has the advantages of self-learning ability and high fault tolerance. The gas-liquid two phases in the rectification tower conduct interphase heat and mass transfer through countercurrent contact. The functional relationship between the product concentration at the top and bottom of the tower and the process parameters is extremely complex. The functional relationship can be accurately controlled by artificial neural network algorithms. The key components of the propylene distillation tower are the propane concentration at the top of the tower and the propylene concentration at the bottom of the tower. Accurate measurement of them plays a key role in increasing propylene yield in ethylene production enterprises. This article mainly introduces the development process of neural network model and its application progress in propylene distillation tower.


For large cable-in-conduit conductors, a current unbalance among the strands may be the reason for reduced performance in both DC and pulsed operation. The resistance distribution of the strands at the conductor termination has been investigated as the key parameter controlling the current distribution in operation. A Nb/sub 3/Sn cable-in-conduit conductor consisting of 144 Cr plated strands has been used to prepare two terminations, one of them filled with low resistivity solder. The resistance distribution results for the two layouts are compared with the expected distribution from the count of the strand contacts, carried out on several conductor sections. Conclusions are drawn on the role of interstrand resistance and the degree of current unbalance that can be expected in the conductor next to the joint.


by Farmey A. Joseph Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 2005 c © Farmey A. Joseph, MMV. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part.


Credit risk mitigation(CRM) agreement was partial launched in the inter bank market since 2010.Its pricing may remove the credit risk of some credit products such as short term notes and medium term notes.And it remove the risks to the risk preference investors.So someone believe it has changed the traditional features of risk management.The researches on investors,pricing,market maker rule,information disclosure and environment establishment is necessary to optimize the utilization of CRM.


Background measurements were acquired using a double-beam FTIR spectrometer in order to characterize their distribution. This distribution appears more favorable than the distribution of single-beam backgrounds for the passive detection of atmospheric contaminants.


Motivated by the recent experiments [Weitz et al., Science 330, 812 (2010) and Kim et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 016803 (2011)], we present here a theoretical analysis for the Hall resistance, the longitudinal resistance, and the Hall conductance of a six-terminal bilayer graphene Hall bar under a perpendicular magnetic field. The Landauer-Buttiker formalism combined with the nonequilibrium Green function method is applied. In the presence of both the Zeeman splitting and interlayer bias potential U, the spin and valley degeneracies of Landau levels are lifted, which leads to the result that the filling factor. can be an arbitrary integer number and the Hall resistance exhibits a quantum plateau at 1/v(h/e(2)). While v = 0, the system can be in both the spin-polarized and valley-polarized regions. For the valley-polarized v = 0 region, the longitudinal resistance is predicted to have a very large value which means that the system is a quantum Hall insulator even though there are four states in the Fermi surface. However, in the spin-polarized v = 0 region, the system is predicted to display a quantum spin Hall effect, in which the spin-up and spin-down edge states are counterpropagating. In both the spin-polarized and valley-polarized v = 0 regions, the Hall conductances show zero quantum plateaus, although the Hall resistances are very different. In addition, due to the counterpropagating edge states, the longitudinal resistance exhibits some fractional quantum plateaus with values 2/9(h/e(2)), 1/4(h/e(2)), 1/2(h/e(2)), etc.


SUMMARY A palaeomagnetic study of Permo-Triassic cover rocks in the Asturian-Cantabrian Arc has revealed characteristic magnetizations in 136 samples from 14 sites, yielding a mean palaeopole for each of the three regions studied (Cabo de Peiias, Villaviciosa, and Tudanca). Previous work on remagnetized Palaeozoic formations in the area revealed Permian (or younger) tightening of the Arc on the basis of palaeomagnetic declinations that show relative rotations of more than 100". According to the new palaeopoles obtained in this study, these rotations are not present to any comparable extent in the Permo-Triassic deposits, allowing us to conclude that the bulk of the rotations in the Arc is Permian in age.


Circulating CD4 T cells specific for peptide epitopes of proinsulin and other autoantigens are markers of autoimmune β cell destruction in type 1 diabetes, while the role of CD8 T cells is still largely unknown. Here we show that CD8 T cells of a diabetic patient—after rechallange with proinsulin peptides—secrete IFNγ and granzyme B, markers of their effector capacity. On the other hand, CD8 T cells of the same patient in a "cross‐talk" with proinsulin‐specific CD4 T cells suppress their proliferation. If confirmed in larger numbers of subjects with β‐islet cell autoimmunity, these results may help us to understand the role of CD8 cells in disease progression and extend our knowledge of disease pathogenesis.


Optimization of drug delivery through human skin is important in modern therapy. With limitations of oral drug delivery, pain and needle phobias associated with traditional injections drug delivery research has focused on transdermal delivery route. A new approach to transdermal delivery that acts as a bridge between the user friendless of patches and the broad effectiveness of hypodermic needles has recently received attention.by using needles of micron dimensions, termed microneedles, skin can be pierced to effectively deliver the drugs, The mechanism of action is based on temporary mechanical disruption of skin. The drug, in the form of biomolecules, is encapsulated within the micro needles, which are then inserted into the skin in the same way a drug like nitroglycerine is released into the bloodstream from a patch. The needles dissolve within minutes, releasing the trapped cargo at the intended delivery site. The present review focus on various studies related to micro needles for transdermal drug delivery and technology applications in various fields.


Effects of cows age on milk yield fat and protein percentage was studied in Romanian Black and White breed. Onaverage cows produced 5125 kg of milk with 3.87% fat (198.46 kg) and 3.18% proteins (163.48 kg). The highestyield was reached at the third lactation, when cows produced (5705 kg milk, 219.2 kg milk fat, and 184.2 kgproteins). Cows produced with 1052 kg (p<0.001) more milk during the third lactation than in the first lactation and650 kg (p<0.05) more milk than in second lactation.