Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality for certain malignant (skin, head and neck, gastrointestinal, gynecological cancers), premalignant (actinic keratosis), and nonmalignant (psoriasis) indications. Broader acceptance by the medical community and applicability is hampered, at least in part, by the less than optimal photophysical characteristics of the porphyrin derivatives. This situation sparked a worldwide search for novel sensitizers leading to new compounds, some holding more promise than others. The primary cytotoxic agent involved in the photodynamic action is singlet oxygen (Dg), the efficient generation of which is linked invariably to the intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency of the excited sensitizer. Most organic dyes have low triplet quantum yields, and in many recent candidates for photodynamic sensitizers, heavy atoms are incorporated into the structure as a strategy to improve spin–orbit coupling leading to facilitated intersystem crossing. While this approach seems fail-safe, incorporation of heavy atoms such as bromine, iodine, selenium, and certain lanthanides very often leads to increased "dark toxicity". Unlike traditional chemotherapy agents, in principle, photodynamic therapy sensitizers themselves can be nontoxic, either at cellular or organ levels, even at relatively high concentrations. We have been interested in trying to find alternative ways of achieving increased intersystem crossing without the use of heavy atoms to minimize dark toxicity, turning our attention to the excitedstate properties of the sensitizers. Designing efficient photoinduced O2 generators requires that any existing operative fluorescence cycle of the fluorophore, which is through the S0!S1!S0 states, has to be perturbed so as to minimize or shut down the S1!S0 deactivation, and switch to the triplet surface once S1 is accessed. A general design principle for a favorable S1!T1 transition from an electronic structure viewpoint would in principle require the structural and electronic compatibility of the S1 and T1 states to surpass that of the S1–S0 pair. Once multiple electronic states come into play, quantum mechanical calculations providing a detailed understanding of the electronic structure are extremely helpful. Multi-configurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) techniques are the stateof-the-art computational chemistry approaches, when near degeneracies and excited states are considered. These methods may not reach chemical accuracy ( 2–3 kcalmol ) for computing total energies, but they are crucial for a qualitatively correct description of the excited states and are capable of providing a conceptually complete picture of the photophysics taking place. Therefore, we mainly employed a popular variant of MCSCF techniques; the complete active space SCF (CASSCF) method in combination with relatively large basis sets and different active spaces. Details of CASSCF calculations are provided in the Supporting Information. Our calculations on the parent Bodipy (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4adiaza-s-indacene, Scheme 1) showed that natural orbital occupancies of the S1 state describe an open-shell singlet with essentially double (> 1.9) or zero (< 0.1) electrons for all orbitals except the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) that are singly occupied (see the Supporting Information, Figure S1). It is no surprise to observe a fluorophore with low triplet quantum yield to have an excited state that possesses only two orbitals with single occupancy. Hence, to achieve our goal of efficient switching to the triplet manifold, we have to access excited states that differ from the ones that arise from simple HOMO!LUMO transitions. Among multiply excited configurations, doubly substituted ones are particularly important in enhancing S1–T1 coupling as shown by the seminal work of Salem and Rowland and the following work by Michl. Thus, the substitutions should invoke a simultaneous two-electron excitation from the Scheme 1. Structure and numbering of the parent Bodipy compound. [*] Y. Cakmak, S. Kolemen, B. Kilic, Prof. Dr. E. U. Akkaya UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800 (Turkey) E-mail: email@example.com


The present invention relates to the continuous production of nanoscale noble metal particles on SiH-containing support materials, the compositions themselves, and the use of these precious metal-containing compositions as a catalyst. The continuous process according to the invention for the generation of nanoscale precious metal particles containing at least the steps of impregnation, the support materials and immediately subsequent drying, leads, optionally after thermal activation to active in the catalysis of oxidation reactions compositions. The catalytically active noble metal-containing compositions exhibit high selectivities and productivities and very long catalyst lifetimes without deactivation. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the oxidation of hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen and a reducing agent.


The author considers gas-dynamic influence upon microhardness and weld configuration of single-pass welds from steel 30HGSA when welding with consumable electrode under double-jet shielding. The relations to the chosen controlled welding parameters (Q, L, I) are developed and the controlling influence of the gas-dynamic affect of dynamic shield gas jet over formation of welds from alloy-treated steel 30HGSA is determined.


Most writers tend to write the same book or poem over and over again, expanding its scope and refining its variants. Margaret Atwood, however, continues to re-invent herself as she re-invents her characters and her poetic personae with every new work. Each novel, each new poetry collection, signals a departure, a radical turn in an unexpected direction. Each becomes a daring journey that expands the reader's consciousness and defeats expectations. Atwood's writing has dealt with a multiplicity of urgent question - from the destruction of the environment, the role of women in society and the spiritual alienation caused by consumerism, to the desensitising nature of mass culture, the loss of individual liberties, the responsibility of the writer and the limits of fiction - all of which have been individually and in depth addressed in the present collection of essays. The contributors - Gayle Greene, Branko Gorjup, Coral Howells, Lorna Irvine, Stephanie Lovelady, Susan Jaret McKinstry, Jennifer Murray, Caterina Ricciardi, Barbara Hill Rigney, Roberta Rubenstein - come from several different countries, making this collection truly international in outlook. Thanks to their skilful guidance, the reader will marvel at the extent to which Atwood has internationalised Canada and has transformed it into an exciting real and imaginative world. He has taught Canadian Literature in universities in Canada and Italy.


Sugar manufacturing requires energy for motive power and thermal processing. Electric power generation for export is also an important co-product in some locales. Biomass gasification technology coupled to a combustion turbine topping cycle and a steam generator/turbine bottoming cycle has the potential to increase electricity generation efficiency when integrated with a sugar factory. This paper reviews gasification fundamentals and the status of efforts to commercialize the technology. Case study results of a pressurized (20 bar), bubbling fluid-bed gasifier, combined cycle system integrated with a 2800 tonne cane per day sugar factory are presented. Using this system, the roughly 400 tonnes of fiber generated' per day could be utilized to generate 22 MW e for export, an efficiency of 22%. With the sugar factory's present configuration, the process requires a supplemental boiler fired on fuel oil to generate adequate low pressure steam to satisfy thermal demand. Improving energy management to reduce steam consumption to 36% on cane would alleviate the need for the supplemental boiler. Other options for improving steam production in the energy conversion system are also identified.


Native myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation times are diagnostic tools used in clinical practice for adult and pediatric populations. Use of a mapping technique requires accurate knowledge of normal ranges in healthy patients, which is lacking in pediatric populations.


In this study, the performance characteristics of a bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle designed for refrigerators were investigated in a bench scale refrigeration system. The bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle with R600a operates in two modes of refrigerator/freezer-mode (RF-mode) and freezer only-mode (F only-mode) by switching refrigerant flow path. The performance of the bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle was measured by varying the condenser capacity, the length of the suction line heat exchanger (SLHX), and the refrigerant charge amount with adoption of the refrigerant storage vessel. The COPs of the bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle at RF-mode and F only-mode increased by 10% and 17%, respectively, with the increase of the condenser capacity and SLHX length. In addition, the COP of the system at F only-mode increased by 10% with the adoption of the refrigerant storage vessel.


Training Level Evaluation of Ground-to-Air Radar EW is the general evaluation for training level of Ground-to-Air Radar EW troops,and it is a complex problem of comprehensive multi-attribute evaluation.Based on the analysis for training matter of ground-to-air radar EW,an evaluation index system is built up.The grey relation analysis method is put forward to evaluate the training level.In the meantime,the method to determine the index weight is improved,as the subjective and objective weight of expert is combined to endow the weight of index to make sure the result of evaluation being more close to the fact.Finally,an example is proposed to show the application of improved grey relation analysis in training level of Ground-to-Air Radar EW.


Introduction : Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening condition that represents one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among term and preterm infants. Pro-adrenomedullin (Pro-ADM) is the precursor of adrenomedullin, one of the inflammatory mediators. It is a more stable molecule, and its level has been reported to correlate with other acute phase reactants, such as interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). Aim of the study: The study aimed to evaluate the value of serum pro-adrenomedullin measurement in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 50 neonates admitted to the neonatal ICU at Beni-suef General Hospital in 2017 and 2018 with clinical and laboratory evidence of sepsis. Normal healthy neonates (N = 30) were recruited as the control. All participants were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and routine lab investigations, as well as, blood culture and measurement of serum Pro-ADM (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: The mean serum levels of both CRP and pro-ADM were significantly higher in the sepsis group compared to the healthy control neonates. Their diagnostic performances were found to be good with an overall accuracy of 80.4% and 91.3%, respectively. CRP and pro-ADM had comparable values for sensitivity (78% and 98%), specificity (84.4% and 81.2%), positive predictive value (88.6% and 88.9%), negative predictive value (71.1% and 96.3%), respectively. Conclusion: Pro-ADM seems to be a good, reliable diagnostic marker in neonatal sepsis. Pro-ADM levels above 20.1 indicate a high probability of sepsis diagnosis, and it may be a better marker of neonatal sepsis than CRP because it exceeded the performance of the latter.


In the modern tropics, thermocline nutrients upwell on the eastern sides of ocean basins and are used with varying efficiency in the different oceans. This leads to nutrient build‐up as well as elevated CO2 efflux in the Pacific, something not seen in the Atlantic. We present evidence that thermocline nutrient and export production during the last glacial were reduced in the Pacific but were higher in the Atlantic. The evidence indicates an increased ice age supply of nutrients to the tropical Atlantic thermocline, but a reduction in the Pacific; thus, supply to a more efficient biological pump in the Atlantic was raised while that to the inefficient Pacific was diminished. Transformation to modern conditions was a two step process through the deglacial. The results demonstrate large‐scale reorganization of nutrient flow in the Atlantic and Pacific basins. The observed changes had the potential for positive feedback on glacial–interglacial variation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations.


A low‐carbon electricity supply for Australia was simulated, and the installed capacity of the electrical grid was optimized by shifting the electricity demand of residential electric water heaters (EWHs). The load‐shifting potential of Australia was estimated for each hour of the simulation period using a nationwide aggregate EWH load model on a 90 × 110 raster grid. The electricity demand of water heaters was shifted from periods of low renewable resource and high demand to periods of high renewable resource and low demand, enabling us to effectively reduce the installed capacity requirements of a 100%‐renewable electricity grid. It was found that by shifting the EWH load by just 1 hour, the electricity demand of Australia could be met using purely renewable electricity at an installed capacity of 145 GW with a capacity factor of 30%, an electricity spillage of 20%, and a generation cost of 15.2 ¢/kWh. A breakdown of the primary energy sources used in our scenario is as follows: 43% wind, 29% concentrated solar thermal power, and 20% utility photovoltaic. Sensitivity analysis suggested that further reduction in installed capacity is possible by increasing the load‐shifting duration as well as the volume and insulation level of the EWH tank.


This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Zwi KJ, Woolfenden SR, Wheeler DM, O'Brein TA, Tait P, Williams KW. School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004380. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004380.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration


Common buckwheat is a significant culture in Ukraine, whose importance for food security has increased in recent decades. An important biological feature of buckwheat is the ability of the crop to grow on poor and especially acidic soils. Common buckwheat was sown in Ukraine on the area of 125,000 ha in 2020, mainly in the central part of the country and in the soil-climatic zone Polesie in the north of the country. At the same time, the area under buckwheat cultivation has been steadily decreasing in the last decade, which is due to the low profitability of cultivation on mainly acidic soils. The research was conducted in the field conditions during 2012–2018 in Kiev region, as well as in laboratory conditions. ICP analysis and biochemical methods were used. Yield of buckwheat on light soils of low fertility depends largely on the level of acidity of the soil. On acidic sod-podzolic soils with loam substrate, the aluminum content of the layer is 20–40 cm higher, compared to a layer of 0–20 cm. This is probably one of the reasons why, when the concentration of aluminum in the soil profile is increased, the root system is located mainly in the upper layer of soil with a lower content of aluminum. In this case, the study of the mechanisms of resistance to the action of aluminum on acidic soils is an important component of the cost-effectiveness of crop production in the region. In acidic soils with pH < 5.0, phytotoxic aluminum (Al3+) rapidly inhibits root growth and afterwards negatively affects water and nutrient uptake in plants. Acquiring phytotoxic capacities, in this connection Al ions affect a wide range of cellular and molecular processes, with a consequent reduction in plant growth. In most plant species, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can also be induced by Al toxicity leading to oxidative damage of biomolecules and biological membranes. We have detected an accumulation of Al ions in leaf tissues of treatment plants after 10 days of exposure. Tissues of F. esculentum roots contained 155.4% of control level of Al and tissues of F. esculentum leaves – 186.2% of control level of Al ions. Significant intensification of O2•– generation in roots and leaf tissues as a reaction to Al addition to nutrient solution was detected. Increase in antioxidant enzymes activities and non fixed products of lipids peroxidation was characterized as a biochemical defense reaction of F. esculentum over the 10 days of exposure to Al (50 μM). Thus, the results show that the action of 50 μM of Al ions activated antioxidant enzymes – SOD and CAT and decreased oxidative processes, thus promotes pro/antioxidant balance of common buckwheat. These mechanisms of redox homeostasis can be triggers of morphological changes in buckwheat plants, which lead to increased crop resistance when growing on acidic soils with high aluminum content. Thus, the resistance of culture to acid soils may be associated with the possibility of increased accumulation of aluminum in the plant's tissues, as well as in changes in redox homeostasis with subsequent morphological changes, and primarily the formation of the root system in the top layer of soil with a reduced content of aluminum.


A custom-made prosthetic iris for posterior chamber implantation provides excellent Aesthetic and functional results for patients with partial or complete aniridia.


The method to estimate total skeleton plutonium burden of former Mayak Production Association (MPA) workers from limited bone samples obtained at autopsy is described. From two to nine bone samples were obtained at autopsies conducted from the mid-1950s to 2013. Plutonium was measured using alpha-radiometry up to 2000 and later by alpha-spectrometry. The method was validated using data from whole-body donations from the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR). The developed algorithm overestimated the USTUR values from 20 to 40%, that is quite acceptable for conservative estimation. Late-in-life liver diseases known to redistribute plutonium between liver and skeleton were not associated with significant differences in plutonium deposition among sampled bones, except for the pelvis. Sources of uncertainties are discussed and future studies will address the reduction of these uncertainties. This algorithm can be used to obtain data in support of the development of biokinetic, dosimetric and risk models for humans exposed to plutonium.


Background: Physical inactivity has been identified as one of the leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Several studies have established the fact that shift working is associated with various non communicable diseases. Studies assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice towards physical activity amongst shift workers is almost non-existence even though it has been established that mediators like knowledge and attitude affect healthy behaviour and adoption of health improving behaviour. Thus this study aims to assess the knowledge-attitude-practice of physical activity among shift workers in Gurugram city which is the centre of various BPO/KPO companies in India.Methods: The present study is an organization based cross sectional study. Interviewer administered questionnaire were used to capture information on physical activity. Information on knowledge and attitude was collected using a piloted and pretested questionnaire. Practice of physical activity was collected using global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Descriptive and linear regression analyses were performed using Ms-Excel and STATA (13).Results: Our study found that nearly fifty percent of the study participants were physically inactive and only 18% of the study participants knew recommended minimum weekly intensity of physical activity. Physical activity was found to be significantly associated with overall knowledge score (p<0.01).Conclusions: Knowledge regarding physical activity among the study participants was not adequate as reflected in their physical activity practice, hence knowledge and awareness towards physical activity should be enhanced to prevent non communicable diseases amongst the shift workers.


With concerns being voiced about a possible structural shortage of labor in the future due to a declining fertility rate and ageing of society in recent years, there is heightening pressure on Japan at EPA, WTO and other international arenas to accept foreign workers. At the same time, issues concerning foreign workers have been drawing attention at home, where there are calls for acceptance of workers from abroad in the interest of further globalization of Japan. This article overviews the current situation, the opinions of various circles, general public opinion, and policy issues among other things concerning foreign workers in Japan.


This article presents the challenges and solutions for a high-performance microprocessors and low-power digital signal processing chips. It discusses the high-performance power-efficient execution core such as the 6.5 GHz single-rail domino 32-bit Han-Car ALU; the 4 GHz semi-dynamic 32-bit sparse-tree AGU. It also deals with leakage-tolerant register files; conditional/burn-in keeper; pseudo-static bitlines; low-power datapaths for DSP applications; and the 1 GHz 16-bit static multiplier.


Objective To study clinical value of lung surface active substance treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Methods Choosing 128 newborns with NRDS in our hospital and dividing them into two groups according to drug difference, of which 63 cases were given conventional treatment, such as sputum aspiration, oxygen, mechanical ventilation, as control group, the remaining 65 cases under the premise on PS preparation endotracheal medication as observation group. Curative effect of two groups were compared. ResultsPaO2, pH value, PaO2/FiO2 in the two groups after treatment 6 hours showed rising trend(P0.05), while PCaO2decreased significantly(P0.05); complications in the two groups were 23.08% and 41.27%, relatively low in observation group(P0.05); in the two groups in the hospital with mechanical ventilation time and its curative effect(95.38%, 82.54% respectively) compared to observation group were more ideal, with obviously difference between groups(P0.05). Conclusion Applying PS to the treatment of neonatal NRDS, can obviously improve the clinical symptoms and shorten the treatment time, and also can reduce the incidence of complications and improve curative effect, so it is worthy of clinical promotion.


.........................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES................................................................................xvi LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................xx LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMES..........................................xxi DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS.................................................xxiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY...................................1 1.1.Introduction............................................................................................1 1.1.2. Kenya: National context..........................................................................1 1.2. Background to the study........................................................................1 1.2.1. Enrolment in TVET programmes at the global level......................................1 1.2.3. Enrolment in TVET programmes in Africa...................................................4 1.2.4. Enrolment in TVET programmes in Kenya..................................................5 1.3. Statement of the Problem........................................................................10 1.4. Purpose of the Study..............................................................................11 1.5. Objectives of the Study...........................................................................12 1.6. Methodology.........................................................................................12 1.7. Basic Assumptions of the Study................................................................12 1.8. Significance of the Study.........................................................................13 1.9. Outline of the chapters.............................................................................14 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF TVET POSITIONING IN FIVE COUNTRIES.....................................................................................17 2.


This paper proposes a novel digital watermark based on the gradient orientations of a digital image. The specific features of a digital image can be expressed pixelwise using a 3-bit gradient orientation code (GO code). As the first watermark, the 3-bit GO code, covering 8 gradient directions, are spread and embedded in the three least significant bit (LSB) planes of its RGB color channels. The GO code is used for detecting the tampered region in an image. As a second watermark, we also embed a down-sampled self-image into the three second least significant bit (LSB2) planes of the image. The second watermark, excluding the tampered region, is utilized for recovering the original image. Experimental results show that the proposed method can detect and recover image tamper that occupies slightly more than 50% of an image. The quality of reconstructed images is maintained over PSNR 40dB.


Objective To investigate the expression of LKB1 and VEGFR2 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and its prognostic significance.Methods The expression of LKB1 and VEGFR2 in 46 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results The positive rate of LKB1 protein in adjacent normal lung tissue,lymph node negative metastasis lung adenocarcinoma and stage Ⅰ~Ⅱ lung adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than that in tumor lung tissue,positive lymph node metastasis lung adenocarcinoma and stage ⅢA lung adenocarcinoma(82.61% vs 63.04%,75.00% vs 44.44% and 75.00% vs 35.71% respectively,P0.05).The expression of VEGFR2 in adjacent normal lung tissue,lymph node negative metastasis lung adenocarcinoma and stage Ⅰ~Ⅱ lung adenocarcinoma were significantly lower than that in tumor lung tissue,positive lymph node metastasis lung adenocarcinoma and stage ⅢA lung adenocarcinoma(34.78% vs 58.70%,46.43% vs 77.78% and 46.88% vs 85.71% respectively,P0.05).Conclusion The expression of LKB1 and VEGFR2 may be related to the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Low expression of LKB1 and high expression of VEGFR2 may reflect the poor prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.


Cardiac P-adrenoceptors are assumed to play a key role in chronic heart failure. Although several radioligands labeled with "C or '*F have been synthesized for imaging purposes with positron emission tomography (PET), so far no optimal ligands are available to image cardiac P-adrenoceptors using single photon emission tomography (SPECT). In the present study, we characterized four new synthesized analogues of the nonselective P-adrenoceptor antagonist 4-(3-t-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)benzimidazol-2-one (CGP12177) d an one analogue of the nonselective P-adrenoceptor antagonist penbuto101. Using classical in vitro displacement studies with left ventricular tissue of New Zealand White rabbits and ['251]iodocyanopindolol as a radioligand, binding affinity to the receptor was determined. From the four analogues, only (2'S,2"E)[4-(3'-( l",l''-d imethyl-3"-Iodo-2"propenylamino)-2'-hydroxypropoxy)]benzimidazol-2-one proved to have a high affinity, with & = 1.25 2 0.09 nM, n = 3. The other analogues showed relatively low affinity, with K-values > 1 nM. The analogue of penbutolol ((S)-(-)-[l-(2Iodophenoxy)]-3's(tert-butylamino)-2'-propanol) also showed a & value of 0.64 * 0.26 nM, n = 3. Subsequently, (2'S,2"E)-[4-(3'-( 1",l"-dimethyl~3"-Iodo-2"propenylamino)-2'-hydroxypropoxy)]-benzimidazol-2one and (S)-(-)-[ 1-(2-Iodophenoxy)]-3'-(tert-butylamino)-2'-propanol were radioactively labeled with lz31 to study their biodistribution in New Zealand White rabbits and to determine specific binding. Significant uptake was observed in both lungs and left ventricles. However, both compounds showed high nonspecific binding in vivo because uptake of the radioligand could not be inhibited by preinjection of different (selectiveand nonselective-adrenoceptor antagonists and hydrophilic and lipophilic antagonists) antagonists. In conclusion, although two analogues showed reasonable affinity in vitro for the receptor, their binding in vivo proved to be largely nonspecific, suggesting that these two compounds are unsuitable for imaging purposes. However, because marked differences in affinity for the receptor were observed with only little structural changes between compounds, the present results offer future perspectives for the synthesis of a more specific radioligand. Copyright


Drilling fluid plays an important part in the drilling engineering. However, because of the influence of present situation of domestic drilling teams of farmers and lack of professional and technical training of drilling skilled workers. Drilling fluid has not yet been paid sufficient attention and the configure and the usage of the fluid are in mess in the specific construction. People always only pursue economic interests, but they don't have an efficient quality control on each section of the drilling fluid, which leads to a lack of professional personnel in the drilling construction, a lack of instruments and a perfect flushing fluid management system. In a way, the drilling quality and efficiency decrease, but the cost of it increases. Sometimes it is hard to keep on drilling. After years of research and development, the fluid additive has developed from only using drilling bits to using the drilling fluid system to meet needs of every aspect. Such as, the polymer fluid with low viscosity, low friction and low solid phase for the fast drilling, the fluid for preventing obstruction, the fluid for preventing collapse of different kinds of rocks and the saturated salt-water drilling fluid for drilling salt rocks, which come to a relatively completed fluid system. But recent years, the fluid is lack of the scientific nature and extensive in the preparation, usage and management of the drilling construction. We need to change the backwards present situation of construction technology of drilling works, improve the quality control of drilling fluid and increase the construction quality to lay the foundation for solving complicate problems.


Several recent phylogenetic analyses of separate morphological, molecular, and paleontological data sets have addressed evolutionary relationships among the tribes of corbiculate bees (Apidae: Apini, Bombini, Euglossini, and Meliponini). These analyses appear to disagree in their implications about the evolution of eusociality within this group. Whereas morphological and paleontological data strongly support the classical hypothesis of a single origin of general eusociality and a single origin of advanced eusociality, some authors have suggested that molecular data strongly contradict this view, and instead support independent, parallel origins of advanced eusociality or, alternatively, evolutionary reversals to solitary behavior from a eusocial ancestor common to all corbiculate bees. In order to reconcile this conflict between morphology and molecules, these authors have suggested that the morphological data may be flawed. We briefly review the evidence for this disagreement between morphological and molecular data and conclude that it is exaggerated; we also find the various criticisms of the morphological data unpersuasive. By any standard phylogenetic measure, three of four molecular data sets are ambiguous in their support of alternate hypotheses regarding eusocial evolution, whereas morphological, paleontological, and recent ethological data are unequivocal. Judged in its entirety, then, the available evidence continues to support Darwin's null hypothesis of (Euglossini + (Bombini + (Apini + Meliponini))) and single origins for both general and advanced eusocial behavior in the corbiculate bees.


The regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility by estrogen and its receptors has been a topic of great interest owing to sexual dimorphism that exists in motility disorders. Scientific and clinical evidence establishes the fact of GI motility disturbances during estrous cycle but, there is a gap in the knowledge and understanding of estrogen and its receptors role in GI motility physiology during these cycles. Estrogen activates classical nuclear receptors ERα, ERβ and atypical 7‐transmembrane G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER or GPR30) to initiate both genomic and non‐genomic effects. GPER is involved in the several rapid cellular signaling events. The pleiotropic effects manifested by GPER action include regulation of body weight, glucose homeostasis, anti‐inflammation, anti‐nociception, and vascular muscle relaxation. Ablation of GPER leads to increase in mean arterial pressure in female mice, whereas treatment with GPER‐specific agonist G‐1 lowers arterial blood pressure in hypertensive and ovariectomized female rats. The role of GPER in mediating estrogen effects on GI smooth muscle is unknown.


This class action research aims to increase motivation and cognitive learning outcome of XI graders of IPA 2 SMA Kristen 1 Salatiga in the material of bloodstream system through the implementation of Macromedia Flash based PBL. This research has two cycles, each cycle contains with three meetings. This research is conducted in grade XI of IPA 2 SMA Kristen 1 Salatiga with the number of the students 28. The method of this research is Kemmis and Mc Taggart model design which has four steps: (a) Preparation, (b) Implementation, (c) Observation, and (d) Reflection. The analysis of research variables is conducted descriptively. The treatment which is done is the implementation of Macromedia Flash based on PBL model in the material of bloodstream system with the following steps: (1) The teacher conducts the activity which has been planned, (2) The students conduct learning activity using Macromedia Flash based on PBL. The result at the first cycle is that the increase of the motivation hasn't reached as much as 48% or for about 10 students, the result of students' cognitive learning outcome is 70% with the number of the students completing KKM (minimum completeness criteria) are 19 students with low category, observation's result of learning implementation has reached 100% but still in the less category. At the second cycle, the research is considered successful because all successful indicators have been reached, with the following result: the students' motivation increases 100%, cognitive learning outcome increases 86% with sufficient category and the learning implementation is reached 100% with sufficient category. This result shows that Macromedia Flash based on PBL is considered to increase students' motivation and learning outcome.


In the present degree project was to do a technical and administrative restructuring for the Gotittas S.A.S., company, with the objective to propose improvements that help the increase of the productivity and the competitiveness. In the first steep, was to do a company diagnosis with the end to discover the current situation of it, using tools like the check lists of the Camara de Comercio de Bogota, the PESTAL Analysis and the SWOT matrix, letting to know the internal and external environment of the company.


Abstract As the private dwelling becomes the preferred site of care for individuals with a variety of complex needs, there has been a burgeoning interest in housing adaptations and the impact on experiences of home. The majority of studies are situated within the contexts of ageing, the disabled body and chronic medical conditions. In this paper, we present the results of a self-directed photography pilot study exploring the experience of carers of children on the autism spectrum in Tasmania, Australia. The findings highlight the multifarious and exacting negotiations required to meet the complex and idiosyncratic needs of children with autism and those of other family members. A key theme is a heightened need for containment enacted through micro-scale modifications to the physical fabric and spatial organization of the dwelling and through less tangible but pervasive practices and routines. The multiple constraints and extensive impact on families emphasize an urgent need for targeted research, policy development and support for this population.


As the impact of fossil fuels is evident with the climate changes, world is now fast moving onto realizing renewable energy sources for their regular life where solar energy plays a vital role. In this paper three electrolytes are compared which are used to prepare dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with a polymer polyaniline (PANI). The three electrolytes are used with a photosensitizing agent-a natural dye extracted from spinach with indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. A mixture of iodide and triiodide (conventional electrolyte) and polyaniline is explored. The resulting efficiencies of the compared electrolytes were: 0.8076%-conventional electrolyte, 0.617%-polyaniline electrolyte, and 0.5723%-mixture of the two electrolytes.


Excitation system is important part of synchronous generator,the technical performance is of great importance for the safe operation of unit.Rectifier unit of excitation system is simulated by using simulink platform.The established generator excitation system rectifier unit model can reflect the work process,the data of rectifier unit can be obtained through oscillator,such as voltage wave form,fault wave form,relation of six-phase,double narrow pulse,fast Fourier analysis and general harmonic rate.


The 2011 Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded to Saul Perlmutter from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US, Adam Riess at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and Brian Schmidt from the Australian National University, Weston Creek, "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae".


The invention discloses a polyolefine microporous membrane and method for preparation, wherein the polyolefine microporous membrane is a microporous film with micropore diameter 20-500nm, overall porosity 30%-60%, and film thickness 0.5-25mum. The process for preparing the polyolefine microporous membrane according to the invention comprises the steps of, (1) polyolefine film preparation, (2) film annealing, (3) single time stretching for pore-forming, (4) film shaping. The present invention realizes films with thinness and high tensile strength.


We propose peer swapping as a means to improve the throughput of structured-overlay-based peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming systems. In many P2P streaming systems, an overlay is incrementally constructed as peers join the system. When the system is dominated by peers with low uplink bandwidth (so-called leeches), the overlay can get clogged, which hampers its growth. A P2P system that suffers from clogging cannot scale any longer because even peers with high bandwidth are rejected. We first provide a theoretical analysis of clogging, which reveals that clogging is inevitable in a structured-overlay-based streaming system with heterogeneous peer uplink bandwidths. To overcome clogging, we propose distributed peer swapping, a method to reconfigure the overlay without centralized control. Experimental results demonstrate that peer swapping enables the system to accept more peers by mitigating clogging.


Theorem 2. [20] Let K be any triangulation of a compact ^-manifold M, with non-empty boundary. Then: (a) 2 < μo(K) < 6, equality holds if and only if K is the triangulation of one 3 -simplex. (b) Ifμo(K) < 3, then K is a triangulation 0/D. (c) Ifμo(K) = 3, then K is a triangulation o/D, D x S, orDx§. (d) For every M and for every rational number r with 3 < r < 6, there exists a triangulation K ofM such that μo(K) = r.


* A patient contracted progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and died after taking dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) to treat relapsing multiple sclerosis.

* Patients who take dimethyl fumarate and develop any new or worsening weakness on one side; trouble using the arms or legs; or changes in thinking, eyesight, strength, or balance should contact their prescriber immediately for evaluation.


The evaluation of writing ability among both L1 and L2 students has become increasingly important in recent years because the results of such evaluation are used for a variety of administrative, instructional, and research purposes. Classroom teachers, in particular, because they want to use these results to help improve, influence, refine, and shape their students' attained writing ability, have specific concerns regarding the various methods of writing assessment available. Additional concerns, especially of teachers, include the issue of whether the results of any one evaluation procedure are helpful to students and how they affect students' writing performance and attitudes.

This article does not address the question of how best to use the results of a writing evaluation to improve student writing, but it does present a discussion of the efficacy of various direct and indirect methods of assessing writing ability. The purpose of this article is to outline the assumptions, procedures, and consequences for use of the principal direct scoring schemes and objective measures presently available for evaluating compositions, and of the objective tests currently utilized to determine (indirectly) students' ability to write.

It is hoped that ESL professionals (whether they are teachers, administrators, or researchers) can make use of this discussion as they try to decide how best to handle questions related to writing ability. Although some readers may question the appropriateness of using indirect measures, such as standardized tests, since those only measure recognition of surface-level syntactic phenomena, the more widely used standardized tests have been included in this survey because they are used by a number of institutions as criterion measures as well as for placement and prediction.


The purpose of this work is to study quasi-stationary wave structure in the mid-latitude stratosphere and mesosphere (40–50°N) and its role in the formation of the annual ozone cycle. Geopotential height and ozone from Aura MLS data are used and winter climatology for January–February 2011–2020 is considered. The 10-degree longitude segment centered on Longfengshan Brewer station (44.73°N, 127.60°E), China, is examined in detail. The station is located in the region of the Aleutian Low associated with the quasi-stationary zonal maximum of total ozone. Annual and semi-annual oscillations in ozone using units of ozone volume mixing ratio and concentration, as well as changes in ozone peak altitude and in time series of ozone at individual pressure levels between 316 hPa (9 km) and 0.001 hPa (96 km) were compared. The ozone maximum in the vertical profile is higher in volume mixing ratio (VMR) values than in concentration by about 15 km (5 km) in the stratosphere (mesosphere), consistent with some previous studies. We found that the properties of the annual cycle are better resolved in the altitude range of the main ozone maximum: middle–upper stratosphere in VMR and lower stratosphere in concentration. Both approaches reveal annual and semi-annual changes in the ozone peak altitudes in a range of 4–6 km during the year. In the lower-stratospheric ozone of the Longfengshan domain, an earlier development of the annual cycle takes place with a maximum in February and a minimum in August compared to spring and autumn, respectively, in zonal means. This is presumably due to the higher rate of dynamical ozone accumulation in the region of the quasi-stationary zonal ozone maximum. The "no-annual-cycle" transition layers are found in the stratosphere and mesosphere. These layers with undisturbed ozone volume mixing ratio are of interest for more detailed future study.


its members and their leaders are all birds, all clouds, or all wasps. From this viewpoint, E. M. W. Tillyard's leader-centered group seems quite appropriate. CuddyKeane's reference to Roman comedy is irrelevant in the context of Harrison. Roman comedy, quite a different beast, derives from Greek New Comedy; Harrison is discussing Greek drama through consideration of tragedy and Old Comedy. Freud is hardly a qualified critic of Greek drama, his Oedipus complex notwithstanding. A more appropriate source would be Harrison's colleague Francis Cornford and his Origin of Attic Comedy. Third, Cuddy-Keane's search for purely Aristophanic comedy in Between the Acts seems invested, finally, in the figure of Reverend Streatfield. His identity as priest is most appropriate to the ritual context of drama, but Cuddy-Keane does not entertain this notion. On the other hand, Albert the idiot is a subtle but more appropriate candidate. "Suppose he suddenly did something dreadful?" (87). He does, of course: "Here the hindquarters of the donkey, represented by Albert the idiot, became active" (171). Whether the inspiration is sexual or scatological, it suggests all of what CuddyKeane calls the "exuberance and bawdiness" (280) necessary for Greek Old Comedy and all the subtlety necessary to get past the censors, a perennial problem for Aristophanic comedy. And, last, the parade of mirrors that Cuddy-Keane views as a "wonderful bit of theatrics" (283) has its locus classicus in The Golden Ass of Apuleius, in which, during a procession in honor of "the natural mother of all life," the masquers carry "polished mirrors on their backs, walking] before the Goddess and reflect [ing] all the people coming after" (trans. Jack Lindsay, Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1962, 240; emphasis added). There is ample material in Harrison's theories for application to Between the Acts and to Woolf's other works as well, but this attempt to fit the novel to the preconceived notions of whatever analytic approach is currently attractive seems most unfortunate.


The effect of activated carbon surface area on the amount of fluid adsorbed is significant. Thus, the surface area of an adsorbent is an important factor. The use of the costly BET measurement method is the standard. However, water adsorption method was proposed as an alternate method. Nevertheless, results presented were for activated carbon prepared and surface areas reported were based on BET literature values. In this study, chemically activated carbons were produced from corn cobs by impregnation using 25 wt% CaCl2 as activating agent. Surface area of the activated carbons was then determined using both BET technique and water adsorption techniques by determining the volume at monolayer coverage. Comparison between the results of surface areas obtained from the two techniques was performed. From the present experimental investigations, water adsorption technique showed a wide range of deviation with increase in surface area of adsorbent. It was established from the analyses that water adsorption technique approximate the BET technique reasonably well for surface areas below 200 m2 g-1, above this value results from water adsorption technique are not reliable.


The process of treating animal raising waste water includes the following steps: aerating animal raising waste water through stirring in a regulating pond, flocculating and precipitating in a reacting preliminary sedimentation tank, biodegrading inside a membrane bioreactor with active sludge, filtering through ultrafiltering membrane, and discharging. The present invention combines the active sludge process and the membrane bioreactor process well to degrade animal raising waste water completely, and the treating process is simple and easy to operate.


Bamboo, a grass, belongs to the Poaceae family, with 1642 species from 116 genera worldwide. It has exceptional physical, chemical, and mechanical qualities, which allow it to be employed in over a thousand different ways and contribute to a trade value of USD 2.76 billion. Bamboo is grown using rhizomes, tissue culture, or short branch cuttings without any other checks resulting in incorrect species identification and categorisation. Therefore, the classification or identification of these bamboo use its DNA barcode sequences with a K-mer based method, and machine learning (ML) is the most excellent strategy for resolving issues with the conventional or traditional categorisation of the species. A DNA barcode is a brief genetic signature that helps identify the species to which an organism belongs. It is possible to extract a useful feature from genome sequences using K-mer based approaches, which may then be used to increase comparison accuracy. In this research, we evaluate the classification performance of four supervised ML models on the DNA-barcode sequence of six Indian commercial bamboo species with a different K-mer combination. For this classification, we choose matK barcode region and supervised ML models such as Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). The results analysis of these models on the matK DNA sequence with different K-mers demonstrates that the classification capabilities of the GBM approaches are quite promising, and it has an accuracy of 95.3% on average.


The structures of 2-(9-anthryl)-1-(9-anthrylmethyl)ethyl 2-(9 anthryl )ethyl succinate (A2A) and 2-(9-anthryl)ethyl acetate (AM) have been determined by X-ray diffraction, and the molecular fluorescence of the crystals has been established. The A2A crystal is triclinic while the AM crystal is monoclinic. A2A: Pī , a 18.514(5), b 11.802(3), c 10.836(3) Ǻ; α 99.63(2), β 85.75(2), γ 79.67(2)°, R 0.053 for 3547 observed reflections. AM: P21/c, a 12.566(2), b 12.991(2), c 8.805(2) Ǻ, β 97.84(1)°, R 0.040 for 1519 observed reflections. For the A2A molecule as for the previously studied A2PHEN and A2SC (see Part II), the bisanthracene moiety and a large part of the ester chain show similar conformations. The crystal cohesion is due to numerous van der Waals interactions in both compounds and to π intermolecular overlap between the anthracene moieties of neighbouring molecules of AM. The fluorescence emission of the AM crystal is of excimer type and correlates with the intermolecular stacking of the anthracene rings. In contrast, the emission from the A2A crystal was found to be very weak and with some similarity with the emission of the dilute solution. This is probably due to defects, not accounted for by the X-ray determination, permitting intramolecular interactions in the solid.


This paper presents a machine learning-based adaptive approximate hardware design targeting the fractional motion estimation (FME) of HEVC encoder. Hardware designs targeting multiple levels of approximation are proposed, by changing FME filters coefficients and/or discarding taps. The level of approximation is defined by a decision tree, generated taking into account the behavior of several parameters of the encoding in order to predict homogeneous blocks, more suitable for more aggressive approximation without significant losses on quality of service (QoS). Instead of applying a specific level of approximation over the full video, different approximate FME accelerators are dynamically selected. Such a strategy is able to provide up to 50.54% of power reduction while keeping the QoS losses at 1.18% BD-BR.


Software defined networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising networking paradigm overcoming various drawbacks of current communication networks.The control and data plane of switching devices is decoupled and control functions are centralized at the network controller. In SDN, each new flow introduces additional signaling traffic between the switch and the controller. Based on this traffic, rules are created in the flow table of the switch, which specify the forwarding behavior. To avoid table overflows, unused entries are removed after a predefined time-out period. Given a specific traffic mix, the choice of this time-out period affects the tradeoff between signaling rate and table occupancy. As a result, network operators have to adjust this parameter to enable a smooth and efficient network operation. Due to the complexity of this problem caused by the various traffic flows in a network, a suitable abstraction is necessary in order to derive valid parameter values in time. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we formulate a simple analytical model that allows optimizing the network performance with respect to the table occupancy and the signaling rate. Second, we validate the model by means of simulation. Third, we illustrate the impact of the time-out period on the signaling traffic and the flow table occupancy for different data-plane traffic mixes and characteristics. This includes scenarios with single application instances, as well as multiple application instances of different application types in an SDN-enabled network.


Recently, Stainless Steel World met with Mr Ong Hock-Guan, senior materials corrosion engineer for the Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij (NAM). He informed us about their motivation to go for weldable 13Cr martensitic stainless steel in two upcoming projects in the west of the Netherlands. NAM has implemented weldable 13Cr lean grade in a sweet CO 2 environment before in aboveground surface flowlines/piping, an onshore pipeline and a finger type slugcatcher. These two new projects will for the first time use medium grade 13Cr seamless pipes and all bends will be made out of 13Cr as well. In the recent past, the company had used duplex stainless steel (22Cr) for bends where the pipeline itself already was of weldable 13Cr. So far, experiences with weldable 13Cr have been good.


This article describes a clinical case of rheumatoid arthritis, actively "untreated" for several decades in an incompetent patient. The absence of basic therapy led to severe deformities of the limbs, movement restrictions, scleritis, and AA-amyloidosis.


In the present investigation, nature and magnitude of gene action was analyzed in six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) for grain yield and its attributing characters in four crosses of pearl millet. On the basis of individual scaling test A, B and C and joint scaling test, the additive-dominance model was found to be adequate for description of variation in generation means for number of nodes per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant in all the four crosses, days to flowering in ICMB-04999 x J-2454; days to maturity and earhead length in crosses ICMB-20071 x J-2480 and ICMB-04999 x J-2454; while, test weight in crosses ICMB-20071 x J-2500 and ICMB20071 x J-2480. For remaining cases, significance of either all or the three or any of the individual scaling tests A, B or C and significant Chi-square values confirming the involvement of digenic interaction parameters in the inheritance of these characters. Looking to the interaction components, all the three or any one or any two interaction parameters were found significant for most of the traits in most of the crosses indicating interaction parameters also played important role in the inheritance of these characters. Study indicated that grain yield per plant and its component characters were mostly governed by additive and non-additive gene effects but the magnitude of dominance effect was higher for almost all the characters. Duplicate type of epistasis played a greater role then complementary epistasis was observed for most of cases. The highest estimate of heterobeltiosis was observed for grain yield per plant in cross 1 (76.45%) followed by biological yield in cross 1 (73.76%), number of effective tillers per plant in cross 1 (40.00%), plant height in cross 1 (26.84%), earhead length in cross 4 (11.43%), test weight in cross 1 (11.23%), days to flowering in cross 2 (-8.37%), earhead girth in cross 4 (8.06%) and days to maturity in cross 2 (-3.42%). Highly significant heterobeltiosis with low inbreeding depression was observed for number of effective tillers per plant, earhead length, grain yield and biological yield in the cross ICMB94555 x J-2290; ICMB-20071 x J-2500 for grain yield and biological yield; ICMB-20071 x J-2480 for test weight and in ICMB-04999 x J-2454 for earhead girth and biological yield.


PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORIANS' INVESTIGATIONS INTO HOW POWER AND CONTROL, as much as desire and agency, are encoded in visual projects have been central to the growing field of visual cultural studies. Interrogating the relationships between images and their social realities, scholars today reject assumptions about photography's evidentiary power as they address the conflicts and tensions between claims of authenticity and processes of image-making. Moreover, visual studies scholars are increasingly concerned about how exhibitions, archives, and other visual projects speak dialogically in broader political and cultural contexts.' Within this field, a number of studies of American photographic practices have explored how the camera's ability to capture and/or negotiate power inequalities participates in struggles for social and political hegemony.2 Two recent books about major photographic events of the twentieth century develop further some of these theoretical and historical insights. In A World on Display, Eric Breitbart examines photographs of native peoples at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, while in Picturing an Exhibition, Eric Sandeen offers an in-depth analysis of arguably the most famous photography exhibition ever held, The Family of Man. As both authors demonstrate,


Suction caissons attract the attention as the foundation of offshore wind turbines. Installation and resistance behaviors of the suction caisson are important factors for the design of foundation. An installation behavior into sandy seafloor was discussed by using a model suction caisson and the failure surfaces in the aluminum rod mass, as the model ground, subjected to lateral force were compared. Consequently, the installation of model suction caisson into sandy sea depended on the permeability of sandy seafloor and lateral resistance of suction caisson depended on the dimension of suction caisson which affected on the shape of failure surface in the ground.


An unequivocal chemical synthesis of gentiotriose and gentiotetraose was achieved by application of Konigs-Knorr condensation of acetylated gentiobiosyl and gentiotriosyl bromides with 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-ƒÀ-D-glucopyranose,3) respectively, followed by deacetylation of the products. 1,2,3,4-Tetra-0-acetyl-6-O-trity1-ƒÀ-D-glucopyranose4) was also used in the synthesis of the triose using a catalyst of silver perchlorate in nitromethane. However, stepwise extension of a sugar chain by adding a monosaccharide unit to the reducing terminal, employed in these syntheses, is considered to be disadvantageous, when the synthesis of higher oligosaccharides is under contemplation. It should be supported by a key reaction coupling two large molecules prepared by the stepwise method. This article describes a detailed study


A microprobe has been designed for the noninvasive detection of photoacoustic signals. It is made up of a fused silica optical fiber which has a core diameter of 600 μm and is coupled to a piezoelectric ceramic transducer. It can detect the laser‐induced photoacoustic waves in a 5×10−5 M aqueous ferroin solution, though its sensitivity is approximately 70 times less than that of a typical photoacoustic cell. The probe makes a good contact with any curved surface, and can be easily moved all over a cell to tap signals at many points. Thus, surface profiling of signal intensities is allowed. Other application advantages and design improvements are also discussed.


The study examines how task technology fit factors determine the individual performance of mobile banking application users. There isn't any study about individual performance in the context of mobile banking using the task technology fit model in Nepal, thus it will be a novel study from a Nepalese perspective. The study investigates the factors of the task technology fit model and collects 181 data using a google survey questionnaire. Data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling by AMOS. The findings indicate that task characteristics have a positive and significant effect on task technology fit and the use of mobile banking has a positive and most promising effect on individual performance. However, a positive but insignificant impact can be seen of technology characteristics on task technology fit and task technology fit on the use of mobile banking. This study provides insight into the financial institutions in Nepal regarding the perception of their users toward mobile banking application services.


In this work, the concept of heterogeneous integration is adopted to implement an analog phase shifter based on magnetically coupled all-pass network topology. The magnetically coupled all-pass network is composed of coupled inductors and ferroelectric varactors. The coupled inductors are realized using a commercial GaAs-based integrated passive device process, whereas the ferroelectric varactors is fabricated using an in-house process on a sapphire carrier substrate. The implementation of the phase shifter is completed by mounting the GaAs chip on the sapphire carrier through flip-chip bonding. Measurement results show that the phase shifter exhibits a maximum phase shift of 161 degree at 2.35 GHz under 10-V bias. The successful implementation of the phase shifter demonstrates the potential of such heterogeneous integration for realizing tunable RF/microwave circuits.


A rise in income leads to an increase in vehicle ownership and transport demand. It has been shown that an increase in the number of vehicles results in an increased use of the latter. Based on those principles, traffic planning concepts for urban areas recently developed in the Federal Republic of Germany are outlined. These concepts concern mainly: A traffic generation model for determining the number of journeys undertaken, a traffic distribution model to distribute the journeys per zone, a modal split model to apportion journeys between public and private transport modes, and a model for allocating the network according to traffic demand. The covering abstract of the conference is IRRD abstract no.100998. /TRRL/


Abstract Gregory Sale's It's not just black and white residency/exhibition aspired to give voice to the multiple constituents who are involved with the corrections, incarceration and criminal justice systems. The Arizona State University (ASU) Art Museum gallery space operated as a site for developing and displaying visual and mediated exhibitions, dance and other staged events, discussions, readings and performances. During the course of more than 50 events, an ongoing civil discussion evolved with representatives from all sides of the issue gathering and working in the space. While art museums often focus on the relationships between visitors and objects, this project measured its success by the respectful connections developed between people and groups and the lives and opportunities that were changed. John Spiak, the curator, discusses how It's not just black and white provides just one example of how museums have the opportunity to provide a venue and platform for conversations on contemporary social issues.


We present a result concerning the relation between the path-width of a plane graph and the path-width of its dual. We prove that for a 3-connected planar graph $G$, ${\rm pw}(G)\leq3{\rm pw}(G^*)+2$. For 4-connected planar graphs, and more generally for Hamiltonian planar graphs, we prove a stronger bound ${\rm pw}(G^*)\leq2~{\rm pw}(G)+c$. The best previously known bound was obtained by Fomin and Thilikos who proved that ${\rm pw}(G^*)\leq6~{\rm pw}(G)+c$. Our proof is based on a transformation which, given a fixed spanning tree of $G$, sends any given decomposition of $G$ into one of $G^*$. The ratio of the corresponding parameters is bounded by the maximum degree of the spanning tree.


In order to achieve higher output power of double cladding fiber lasers, low signal loss has become a focus in researches on optical technology, especially double-clad fiber (DCF) couplers. According to the analysis, DCF couplers with low core signal loss (less than 1%) are produced. To obtain higher precision, we use the first-proposed method for core signal transfer efficiency measurement based on the fiber propagation field image processing. To the best of our knowledge, we report, for the first time, the results of the core signal loss less than 1% in DCF coupler measured by our measurement with high stability and relative precision. The measurement values can assess the quality of DCF couplers and be used as a signal to suggest the improvement on the processing technology of our self-made DCF couplers.


The COVID-19 pandemic is having a profound effect on the U.S. workforce. Employers are struggling to make workforce decisions with the added constraint of preventing further spread of the virus, including the number of employees needed to operate at less-than-capacity and the number of employees that can work from home. Existing company policies and employment contracts may not effectively address employees' personal experience with a situation like COVID-19, which may include a medical diagnosis of the virus, the need to quarantine due to exposure to another infected person, or the need to care for a child whose school or daycare is shut down due to the pandemic. In this paper, we explore the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for employers providing paid sick leave and paid family medical leave. Employers are facing a growing number of lawsuits alleging noncompliance with the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA). Paid sick leave mandates may be increasing employers' exposure to employment practices liability insurance (EPLI), thus further complicating the legal considerations for employers as they navigate evolving guidelines for employee safety in the midst of a pandemic.


The invention discloses low-yield ratio and high-strength steel for bridges and a manufacturing method thereof. The steel comprises the following chemical components by weight percent : 0.06-0.10 percent of C, 0.20-0.45 percent of Si, 1.20-1.50 percent of Mn, no more than 0.010 percent of P, no more than 0.0020 percent of S, 0.30-.060 percent of Ni, 0.20-0.50 percent of Cu, 0.15-0.50 percent of Mo, 0.025-0.060 percent of Nb, no more than 0.035 percent of Ti, 0.020-0.040 percent of Alt, and Fe and unavoidable impurities in balancing amount. According to the invention, through smelting, refining, performing a reasonable thermo-mechanical control process (TMCP) and optimizing tempering heat treatment production, the tensile strength of the steel is 700-780 MPa, the yield strength is 530-600MPa, the extensibility is greater than or equal to 18 percent, the yield ratio is less than or equal to 0.80, and 40 below zero DEG C low-temperature longitudinal impact is greater than or equal to 100 J, so that the steel is good in obdurability matching and low in the yield ratio, is provided with excellent performance of shock prevention, and is stable in production process and strong in operability.


INTRODUCTION The Russian Federation is waging a hybrid war on various fronts. The Kremlin uses almost the entire complex of its means Against Ukraine – from real military hostilities in the eastern part of the country, although under slogans "we are not there", to a powerful anti-Ukrainian information campaign. Wars of the XXI century are already far from the traditional perception of an armed conflict, because they ceased to be solely military actions. "It is necessary to take into account the sociocultural, techno-economic and geopolitical dimensions of a war," a hybrid war scholar, F. Hoffman, said 1 . One of the key features of the Russian hybrid war against Ukraine is the Kremlin's memorial policy, which helped the Russian authorities to justify "the return of Crimea to their native harbor." Accordingly, statements about the Crimea as an integral part of Russia continually appear in program speeches of the Russian President Vladimir Putin. Allegedly, these ancient ties of the peninsula with the "Russian world" start from the baptism of Volodymyr in Korsun (Chersonesus). The memorial policy and the formation of a corresponding cultural space of the Crimea promote the implementation of the Kremlin's strategy. This strategy is filled with Russian symbols, ranging from monuments and ending with names of streets. This space has been forming over several centuries along with the myths about the "ancestral affiliation" of Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia. During Soviet times, Russian imperial symbols disappear from the Crimea. Monuments to tsars were destroyed and replaced with mass renaming of settlements and streets in honor of Soviet leaders. During the time of independent Ukraine, the symbolic field of the Crimea has not


Modern computing centres addressed to High Energy Physics user communities have to deal with rapidly hardware and software systems evolution. These centres normally face a variety of problems associated with the dimensioning and configuration of several services which must satisfy performance targets under different usage patterns. Therefore, the identification of key variables and the estimation of their impact on services performances is challenging. For example, given an hardware-software configuration for a considered service, how will service performance vary in relation to user dependent settings? Will it be able to support a certain number of requests per minute over the common parameter ranges? In addition, it is difficult to generalize the impact of same settings over different usage scenarios. Therefore, the design of a mathematical model able to relate services performance to key variables in the user computing patterns under common hardware-software settings can help to optimize the exploitation of computing resources. In the present work, starting from the analysis of a typical job of ATLAS as representative HEP user communities, we focus on how local data movement operations use hardwaresoftware resources of INFN-CNAF computing centre and which variables affect data movement performances. As a result of this framework analysis we identify GridFTP protocol and GPFS data storage as core services whose performance to study in depen-dancy of typical user defined variables. We therefore decompose data movement commands in operations of increasing complexity i.e., cp, globus-url-copy with and without network, and after defining the mean throughput per file per unit size as target metric, we conduct a quantitative analysis of the contribution and relevance of considered variables across explored usage scenarios. Finally, we conduct a qualitative fit analysis of the behaviour of chosen throughput metric as a function of relevant user dependent variables. For each scenario and for each variables a best fit model function is selected according to R-square goodness of fit index.


This paper provides an answer to an important empirical puzzle in the retirement literature: while most people know little about their own pension plans, retirement behavior is strongly affected by pension incentives. We combine administrative and self-reported pension data to measure the retirement response to actual and perceived financial incentives and document an important role for self-reported pension data in determining retirement behavior. Well-informed individuals are far more responsive to pension incentives than the average individual. Ill-informed individuals seem to respond systematically to their own misperceptions of pension incentives.


Dr Jean Watkins surveys a number of problems that present as a red eye, some of which need urgent referral to a specialist


Alienation profiles are used as a means of unifying a series of cognitive conditions related to motivational and control-relevant dimensions of family size among a sample of Catholic mothers. Through cumulative scaling of powerlessness, meaninglessness, and normlessness, fertility differentials by alienation profiles significantly exceed differentials obtained by the separate alienation measures as well as by combinations of religion and socioeconomic status. An exception to the high alienation-high fertility relationship is noted for social isolation, where the level of isolation is inversely related to the number of children.


Data audit is one of the most effective ways for revenue assurance in telecom industry.However,there is no theory for it.A method based on balance relationship is proposed according to the revenue assurance practice, which supplies a formalized definition and business description of the relationship model and data-entity model.Finally this method is validated by a revenue assurance project of province telecom company—finance audit system.


neurosurgical procedure can be a frustrating experience for anesthesiologist and surgeon alike. Despite the contemporary level of sophisitication for electronically monitoring neurological function in an anesthetized patient, no monitoring system has yet replaced observation of the level of consciousness, either for documentation of neurologic well being or for evidence of neurologic deterioration. Since timely intervention is crucial to successful outcome in the treatment of most neuropathologic processes, it is imperative that appropriate evaluation of the comatose neurosurgical patient begin just as soon as delayed emergence is suspected in the postoperative period.


too, imagine a world wherein religion and politics exist discretely. Thus, readers are invited to witness Islamism as a phenomenon from a secular vantage; this, of course, motivates Osman's telling of history and analyses while obscuring that he is participating in a heated debate (between secularists and Islamists) as though he is a neutral observer. For instance, in the Conclusion, he offers two possible routes for "Islamism" in the near future: a "jihadist," angry, antimodernist approach or a re/turn to "tenets of rational religion and try to merge them with modernity; openness to change and highly flexible understandings of what an Islamic frame means" (p. 257). Not only does Islamism diagnose these two paths, but it also conflates normative and empirical work, suggesting that the former "could regress Arab Islamism to much earlier points on its historical path" whereas, to Osman, the latter fits the trajectory of Abrahamic faiths in the "modern" era (p. 257). In other words, by not defining key concepts, including "Islamism," Islamism regularly employs shaky categories, acts as though the empirical is distinct from the normative even as it embodies strong normative commitments, and, therefore, ultimately fails to generate or support innovative arguments. Of course, this does not mean that the book should not be read; to the contrary, it could easily contribute to conversations in an undergraduate class context so long as it is paired with a more explicitly scholarly text, for example, Bobby Sayyid's A Fundamental Fear (2004) or Jillian Schwedler's Faith in Moderation (2006). The scholar in search of new ideas or evidence, however, should look elsewhere. If Islamism is insufficient as a stand-alone text for undergraduates, it is surely of little interest to longstanding students of either the Middle East or Islamism.


. We study Dirichlet series converging only in a half-plane such that their sequence of exponents admits an extension to a "regular" sequence. We prove the exactness of two-sided estimates for 𝑘 -order of the sum of the Dirichlet series in a semi-strip whose width depends on the special distribution density of the exponents.


This paper presents the application of fuzzy clustering to reduce the large system states into few representative clusters, which are sufficient for reliability analysis of recent distribution networks containing local photovoltaic generation. For each cluster the failure effect analysis and minimal cut-set techniques, based on outage simulation of system components, are applied to compute the different reliability indices. The uncertainties of failure and repair rates for the components of the obtained cut sets are taken into consideration by applying fuzzy set theory. The computed indices are then multiplied by the corresponding cluster weight to obtain the overall system indices. The developed algorithm is applied to a 66-kV distribution network and the resulting improvement of system reliability is estimated and discussed in the paper.


Gendering is a social process by which individuals develop their personal sense of self and their positionality of this embodiment within the locus of others. In Trans Kids (2018), author Tey Meadow dissects interviews from a relational and embodied ethnography within a sociological framework to identify the forming of gender identity of transgender and non-binary children. Trans Kids explores the stories of firstgeneration families of transgender and non-binary children, narrated through parent interviews, during this "transgender tipping point" (p. 3) to examine the interpellation of gender and the expansion of gender nonconformity to encompass its own legitimate social identities. Meadow effectively explains how gender transition occurs through an interpersonal and social process in an environment of cultural constraint, by which accountability is constitutive of non-normative genders and aids in the recognition of prolific gender forms. The social progression of the assessment of gender and the multiplicity of its embodiment allow for the expansion of more gender categorizations than previously accepted. The significance of categories for defining gender forms allows for multiple gender categories to transcend limitations of the material body. Meadow interprets interviews to identify how parents understand their children's transgender and non-binary identities, to examine biomedical advancements and the decision-making processes of families considering gender transition, to assess the meaning of parent advocacy organizations, to bring awareness to gender assessment and the vulnerability of non-normative families from social and institutional threats to stability, and to collect narratives of how non-normative families make sense of gender forms. Sharing stories allows individuals to frame coherent narratives of their experiences and, when embedded in discourse and institutions, create meaning of gender that enables people to make sense of gender beyond normativity. Meadow (2018) draws on West and Zimmerman's (1987) perspective of "doing gender", whereby gender is a performance of masculine and feminine expressions that individuals engage in to routinely accomplish gender presentation. Individuals express gendered interactions and interpret the gendered behaviors of others to produce a coherent knowledge of categories of gender. Meadow explores the relationship of sex, sex category, and gender, and evaluates the power and sociality that produces gender and presents it as a naturally occurring, rather than constructed, concept. The children of the parents interviewed in Trans Kids (2018) are actualizing their bodies and parents analyzed their manner of dress and play style to identify their core personal identity. Meadow, similarly to the approach of gender theorist Judith Butler, focuses on the "undoing" of gender performance by analyzing the amount of agency that the children have in performing their gender and by reflecting on the social processes that facilitate or inhibit the performance of a gender form. This


In the article the authors consider the essence, structure and content of the scientific and legal approach in substantiating the «Life Safety» as a science and academic discipline. The role and importance of scientific and legal analysis of the current regulatory and legal framework, which regulates the process of life safety, is emphasized.


Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine protein phosphatase in eukaryotic cells and is involved in many essential aspects of cell function. The catalytic subunit of the enzyme (PP2Ac), a part of the core enzyme, has two isoforms, (cid:1) (PP2Ac (cid:1) ) and (cid:2) (PP2Ac (cid:2) ), of which PP2Ac (cid:1) is the major form expressed in vivo. Deregulation of PP2A expression has been linked to several diseases, but the mechanisms that control the expression of this enzyme are still unclear. We conducted experiments to decipher molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the PP2Ac (cid:1) promoter in human primary T cells. After preparing serially truncated PP2Ac (cid:1) promoter luciferase constructs, we found that the region stretching around 240 bases upstream from the translation initiation site was of functional significance and included a cAMP response element motif flanked by three GC boxes. Shift assays revealed that CREB/phosphorylated CREB and stable protein 1 could bind to the region. Furthermore, we demonstrated that methylation of deoxycytosine in the CpG islands limited binding of phosphorylated CREB and the activity of the PP2Ac (cid:1) promoter. In contrast, the binding of stable protein 1 to a GC box within the core promoter region was not affected by DNA methylation. Primary T cells treated with 5-azacitidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, showed increased expression of PP2Ac (cid:1) mRNA. We propose that conditions associated with hypomethylation of CpG islands, such as drug-induced lupus, permit increased PP2Ac expression. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 182: 1500–1508.


In this editorial, we consider what is at work in a turn toward analyzing settler colonialism, and what this turn makes available in cultural studies and discussions of cultural production. Recent theorizations of settler colonialism reveal how cultural productions remain complicit with ongoing settlement, both in everyday practices and intellectual projects like queer studies, feminist studies, and critical race studies. This special issue considers the political stakes of the complicity of cultural studies in settler colonialism, Indigenous erasure, and anti-Blackness, and expands, revises, and repurposes the scope of the field's inquiry, politics, and archive.


To realiz automatic selection and digitalization for geological variables in GIS can both obviously improve the efficiency of GIS-supporting mineral prediction and provide the technical prerequisite for automatic GIS-supporting mineral prediction. Different software platform provides different developing environment. Considered the factors of practical features, prices, and developing environment of common GIS software, MapInfo was selected as the basic platform. The algorithm for automatic selection and digitization of geological variables in this software platform is investigated. A computer program about this algorithm is designed in the MapBasic programming language provided by MapInfo software platform.


1 : 1 Adducts of osazones with PdCl2, Pd(L)Cl2, have been prepared and characterized. They undergo hydrogen chloride elimination to give dimers, Pd2(L–H)2Cl2, which contain PdII–N covalent bonds.


I briefly review the status of theoretical predictions for the inclusive production of a Standard Model Higgs boson at hadron colliders. In particular, I focus on the main production channels: gluon-gluon fusion, vector boson fusion and associated production with a vector boson.


We consider the joint estimation of time-varying linear prediction (TVLP) filter coefficients and the excitation signal parameters for the analysis of long-term speech segments. Traditional approaches to TVLP estimation assume linear expansion of the coefficients in a set of known basis functions only. But, excitation signal is also time-varying, which affects the estimation of TVLP filter parameters. In this letter, we propose a Bayesian approach, to incorporate the nature of excitation signal and also adapt regularization of the filter parameters. Since the order of the system is not known a priori, we formulate a Gaussian prior for the filter parameters, and the excitation signal is modeled as Gaussian with time-varying Gamma distributed precision. We develop an iterative algorithm for the maximum-likelihood estimation of the posterior distribution of filter parameters and the time-varying precision of the excitation signal, along with the parameters of the prior distribution. We show that the proposed method adapts to different types of excitation signals in speech, and also the time-varying system with unknown model order. The spectral modeling performance for synthetic speech-like signals, quantified using the absolute spectral difference shows that the proposed method estimates the system function more accurately compared to several of the traditional methods.


Classical gain scheduling speed regulation method provides no guarantees for closed-loop system stability or performances for the full operating range of an engine due to the existence of nonlinear behavior, multiple operating conditions etc. In this work, a systematic fuzzy gain scheduling method is applied on speed control for a two-stroke, electronic fuel injection engine based on the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system. A physical nonlinear model of the engine is presented and transformed into a fuzzy T-S model formulation. Based on the T-S model, the stabilization problem of the engine speed is studied, and a sufficient condition for the existence of controller with Hinfin attenuation and the design techniques are presented. The proposed control design is validated using both nonlinear off-line simulations and real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation. The results show that the proposed T-S fuzzy controller can meet the performance requirements for the unmanned helicopter engine use, namely racking performance, disturbance rejection and robustness.


In 1735, the great Swedish classifier, Carl von Linne, used skin color to differentiateEuropaeus albescens, Ameri-canus rubescens, Asiaticus fuscus, andAfricanus nigrescens.It is color, more than another physical feature, that has had great influence on the social and economic position of man. And it is this color that shields us from the life-long damage to our skin from invisible UV rays streaming down the 93 million mile trip from the sun. The long trail of evolution is initially reconstructed by the authors of this excellent, heavily referenced monograph. They recount the loss of the protective coat of hair followed by the appearance of melanins, those complex polymeric chains synthesized from only two amino acids. The black eumelanin comes from tyrosine; the red-yellow phaeomelanin from tyrosine and cysteine. The story is well told of the evolutionary advantage of black skin in preventing sun-scalded skin in the high-intensity UV


The National Sea Grant network is composed of 32 college programs located in every coastal and Great Lakes state. Through our Sustainable Coastal Development (SCD) focus area, one of 4 national focus areas, SCD specialists work with coastal communities to increase understanding of sustainability issues and empower communities to use research, tools, and technologies to make informed decisions when addressing these issues. Integrated research and extension programs are developed and delivered to improve water-related economic development, to engage in ocean energy development, and to provide assistance for communities to plan and implement sustainable practices. Sustainable Coastal Community Development Specialists across the coastal states have developed and delivered innovative programs that have improved stormwater management and increased community planning to sustain water quality and supply. We will highlight the national stories and impacts that have been achieved through the national SCD focus area.


Conformal antennas are being investigated or use in an ever increasing number of applications. Traditional conformal antennas operate as resonant structures that radiate efficiently over a fairly narrow range of frequencies. Many useful conformal designs have been developed using approximate formulae and integral equations that utilize surface currents. However, with emerging wide bandwidth antennas that incorporate a variety of materials in their construction, other means for calculating the performance of candidate designs are useful. One approach is a hybrid finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) formulation. This has been presented in the literature previously; however, in this paper advances in implementation will be discussed along with a novel example. (6 pages)


Background and Objectives: This study explores the association between previous trauma and psychiatric symptoms and well-being among gastric cancer patients. Based on the vulnerability model, it was hypothesized that cancer patients who report a history of trauma would exhibit higher level of psychiatric symptoms and lower well-being. Methods: A sample of 123 consecutive cancer patients was interviewed and administered a battery of questionnaires in order to assess their psychiatric symptoms, well-being along with demographics and health behaviors in a cross-sectional design. The patients were divided based on previous exposure to psychological trauma. A set of hierarchical linear regressions was conduced in order to learn the association between previous trauma and mental health. Results: Patients who reported previous exposure to trauma did not differ in the level of psychiatric symptoms from patients who did not report previous history of psychological trauma. However, the former had significantly lower future life satisfaction and lower level of perceived social support. After controlling for covariates, patients who reported previous exposure also had higher levels of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The study results may suggest that the association between previous trauma and mental health of gastric cancer patients is more complex. Cancer patients who report a history of psychological trauma and who face an immediate threat to life do not differ on most indices, but they do show specific vulnerabilities: they are more susceptible to depressive symptoms and to lower future life satisfaction. Received: 4 March 2010 Revised: 15 November 2010 Accepted: 1 February 2011 THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PREVIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA AND MENTAL... 123


Heteroepitaxial growth of group III nitride layers on SiC substrates by hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE) is described in this paper. AlN, GaN, and AlGaN epitaxial layers were grown on 2-inch SiC substrates with a growth rate ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 /spl ges/m/min. The reciprocal space maps for the thin and thick AlN layers grown on SiC substrates is presented. Dependence of etch pit density in AlN layers on layer thickness is illustrated. X-ray theta-omega scan for GaN/AlN/SiC heterostructure was showed.


Background and objectivesArctium lappa belonging to the Compositae (Asteraceae) family has been used as a medicinal and nutritional supplement in the world. The fruits, leaves and roots of the plant are well-known for their pharmaceutical effects. Toxicity of the fruit's extract in female rats was investigated in the present study.MethodsTo assess the toxicity profile of Arctium lappa fruit extract (ALFE), it was administered to rats by gavage in acute and repeated models. The animals were divided into two groups: control and test groups. In the acute toxicity model, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg ALFE were administered to the animals. Toxic symptoms, body weight, death and abnormal behaviors were observed for 14 days. In the repeated toxicity model, ALFE (300 mg/kg) was daily administered for 4 weeks. Biochemical and histopathological changes were assessed and compared with the control group. Statistical significance was determined by one-way analyses of variance, followed by the Tukey test using GraphPad Prism 6.ResultsNo mortality was noticed in the acute test; therefore, the oral LD50 value determined in the female rats was greater than 5000 mg/kg. In the repeated test, the animals received ALFE (300 mg/kg) and no mortality was observed. The hematology and serum chemistry parameters showed no statistically significant changes.  The histopathological studies revealed evidences of microscopic lesions in two main organs lungs and small intestine.ConclusionThe results indicated that the oral acute toxicity of ALFE in the rats was of a low order with LD50 being more than 5000 mg/kg. Moreover, they revealed slight tissue damage to several organs when sub-chronically administered at a dose of 300 mg/kg.


Preface Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Appendix A Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Appendix B Bibliography Author Index Subject Index


Over time, there was an upward trend of hypertensive patients at a young age.
These conditions needed to control the risk factors of hypertension that was
behavioral factors or unhealthy lifestyle. It took a concept to motivate individuals in
applying hypertension prevention behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze
the factors that influence the hypertension prevention behavior based on HAPA
theory.
A total of 163 respondents residing in the working area of Tanah Kali
Kedinding Public Health Center in Surabaya were involved in the research using
cross-sectional design. Primary data included knowledge, risk perception, outcome
expectancies, action self-efficacy, behavioral intention, planning, maintenance and
recovery self-efficacy and actions collected through self-administered questionnaire.
Analysis of influence between variables using path analysis with Warp Partial Least
Square version 6.0.
The results show that in the motivational phase, knowledge affects the risk
perception (p=0,04). Outcome expectancies (p<0,001) and action self-efficacy
(p<0.001) affects the behavioral intention. Meanwhile, risk perception does not affect
the behavioral intention. In the volitional phase, behavioral intention (p<0,001) and
maintenance self-efficacy (p<0,001) affect planning. Planning (p<0,001) and
recovery self-efficacy (p<0,001) affect hypertension prevention behavior. Meanwhile,
maintenance self-efficacy has no significant effect on hypaertension prevention
behavior.
The conclusion is Tanah Kali Kedinding Public Health Center needs to give
communication, information and education about the benefits of hypertension
prevention behaviour to increase outcome expectancies. In addition, health workers
also need to provide skills training to prevent hypertension to improve individual
confidence in preventing hypertension


In the actual analysis of grey clustering evaluation, the length of a grey clustering interval was partially longer, which is determined by the grey clustering evaluation method based on the center-point triangular whitenization weight function. In response to problems like this, this paper proposes a new grey evaluation method on the basis of the reformative triangular whitenization weight function. Motivated by ideas of the end-point and the center-point triangular whitenization weight functions, we construct a new compact-center-point triangular whitenization weight function. Then, several aspects of the three kinds of triangular whitenization weight functions are compared, such as the crossing properties of grey cluster, clustering coefficients, rules for grey clustering interval, rules for choosing end-points and clustering performance. In the following, this paper proposes an example about the evaluation of a basin initial water rights allocation scheme, which analyzes the three methods to further verify that the new grey clustering evaluation method is feasible and effective. The results indicate that the compact-center-point triangular whitenization weight function precedes the end-point triangular whitenization weight function and the center-point triangular whitenization weight function soundly.


Certain beers develop a large number of micro bubbles during dispense, which circulate in the beer as it stands in the glass rather than immediately rising to the surface. This phenomenon is often referred to as bubble haze. The challenge is to understand how bubble hazes are affected by process conditions such as changes in the dissolved gas composition, the flow rate of beer and the presence of a sparkler (a flow restrictor) in the tap. In this study, the haze dispersion of a synthetic beer was characterized in terms of three parameters: the time it takes the haze to clear (surge time), the localized rise velocity of the measured haze, and bubble size. A CCD camera based image analysis procedure was developed, to measure bubble size distributions. The surge time was found to increase with increasing beer flow rate, nitrogen content in the supply gas and with the addition of a sparkler. The localized haze rise velocity of the bubble haze fell into two distinct sections. The two sections were distinguished by a doubling in rise velocity. This doubling of the rise velocity marked the point at which the plunging jet of liquid issuing from the beer tap, became sufficiently quiescent for the bubbles to rise unimpeded. Changes in process conditions altered the bubble size distribution,which in turn altered the surge time as expected from consideration of the underlying physical properties and the findings of other researchers. The median bubble diameter and number of bubbles (defined as the number of bubbles visible in the in-focus volume as described by the depth of field, and remains constant) are important factors in determining the haze lifetime and are affected by the process conditions. Understanding this effect quantitatively is central if the system is to be successfully modelled in future.