Tourism is an information-based industry and innovative mobile applications are believed to provide new business opportunities for the industry. Most tourism firms throughout the globe consist of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and as such, SMEs utilisation of information systems (IS) is crucial in terms of added efficiency, effectiveness and innovation. However, the acceptance of m-commerce in SMEs remains very low, while the factors impacting the application of IS are still ambiguous. The objective of the current study was to integrate TTF with TAM to investigate the determinants of user acceptance of m-commerce among SMTEs. The study provides advanced knowledge of customer's acceptance of m-commerce in SMTEs, which will help the m-commerce providers in such enterprises to understand the factors that influence the acceptance of m-commerce in SMTEs. This in turn would play an important role in increasing the acceptance level of m-commerce among SMTEs.


The epoxidation of olefins with methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) in the presence of various chiral oxazolines and pyridinebis(oxazoline) ligands as well as achiral N-ligands has been investigated. By applying 1-octene as a model system, reaction conditions were optimized, and high yields and good chemoselectivity (>90?


Energy issues are very important nowadays, due to possibility of energy shortage in the future with the increasing population and living standards. The concern over the need to reduce energy consumption is growing that influenced awareness rapidly increases and it encourages the implementation of green building worldwide. This study focuses on pattern of passive design approach for building envelope in term of energy efficiency for individual residential. Individual residential especially bungalows were selected case study due to various approach of design philosophies for cooling factor in designing building envelope. In the reality, certainly undeniable that the practice on energy efficiency of building envelope design is crucial. Building envelope is a critical component of the building that serves as the outer shell or a protector to the user and building itself. This study describes an investigation of the effect of six passive design strategies on building envelope design, namely site planning and orientation, daylighting, facade design, strategic landscaping, renewable energy and natural ventilation. Calculation of Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) act as a tool to determine building envelope performance and it will identify whether the building fulfill the requirement of energy efficient or not. Based on the guideline in Malaysian Standard, Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable MS 1527(2007), OTTV of the selected building should be not exceed 50W/m2. In conclusion, this study outlines the preferred requirement of passive design approach for building envelope in term of energy efficiency for individual residential


I read Professor Stilwell's article 'Globalisation: Where do we go from here' (NSW Public Health Bulletin, Volume 12, Number 7) with great interest. Not unexpectedly, this article was written largely from a socioeconomic perspective. I would like to elaborate on the health consequences of globalisation highlighted in the article


Mining frequent and maximal Periodic Patterns is the challenging task for the data scientists due to unstructured, dynamic and huge raw data generated from web. Big Data is a latest tendency used to examine the datasets from large, complex databases. Developers cannot supervise them through conventional algorithms or Knowledge discovery software tools. Big Data mining is the ability to extract valuable information either from these huge datasets or else streams of data, due to its three V's (Volume, Velocity, and Variety). The previous studies focus on how to find frequent patterns from large traffic and sensor data based applications. However, mining maximal and useful periodic patterns from spatiotemporal datasets is still an open research problem in weather conditions, Fraud recognition and forest fire prevention Applications. We propose two algorithms such as Enhanced Tree based pattern mining algorithm (ETMA) and Extended Frequent Pattern Mining algorithm (EFPMA, which generates all frequent and maximal periodic patterns from spatiotemporal databases. A novel framework is introduced to mine spatiotemporal patterns from Big Data. All Existing algorithms are fit in calculation of essential patterns, but more tedious if they apply for Big Data. The proposed framework and algorithms produce better results than UDDAG, STNR algorithms towards scalability and decreased run time compared to DBSCAN, ECLAT algorithms.


By studying the history of Jing Han and Long Hai railways in late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China,this paper finds that the development of those two railways not only determined the spatial development pattern of Zhengzhou but also drove the business development of the city,which led to the disorder of the urban development due to the absence of scientific planning.After the PRC was established,the urban planning was the most important factor to the urban spatial structure of Zhengzhou,because the rational distribution of industries was one of the important contents of urban planning at that time.The characteristics of urban spatial structure were quite different during two periods because the dominant forces of urban development were different.The former is in disorder and the latter is on the contrary.Many problems in current urban development of Zhengzhou are closely related with the particularity which was formed in its early development.


structuralist trends in contemporary thought, which has de-centered man from his traditional, "privileged," and "superior" position: in fact, as Ms. West aptly remarks, "our salvation, and poetry's, lies instead in the courageous recognition of how minimal is our self-knowledge, how deeply marginaI and inevitabIy ambiguous is that which we seek to make essential and unequivocal: our own existence" (p. 154). This is a very appropriateIy "Montalean" conclusion for a sharp and good book, in which the author has gone from the margins to the very core of (MontaIe's) poetry. GIAN-PAOLO BIASIN University 0/ California, Berkeley


Although 5G networks achieve impressive improvements in terms of latency, data rates and network capacity, their evolution requires the synergy of networks, clouds and applications. For example, targeted challenging applications require efficient end-to-end performance, impacted by emerging technologies beyond radio, including: Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) enabling programmability in the network environment from a centralized viewpoint; cloud orchestrators dynamically adapting server resource allocation to dynamic workloads; and microservice-based applications consisting of minimal, single-purpose service functions communicating with each other, individually implemented and scaled towards efficient resource allocation and fault-tolerance. In this context, we propose an SDN load balancing solution for a specific class of services consisting of microservices with heterogeneous but simpler network and server resource requirements, compared to the resource-demands of the whole service. Our proposal adapts to the estimated resource demands of individual microservices, balances resource utilization among cloud servers and improves service operation in terms of response times, throughput and fairness. We validate experimentally the proposed platform and its mechanisms with a particular 5G and beyond use-case with the above characteristics.


Scienti c writ- ing is to explain about the design of nancial statements by an application program using Visual Basic 6.0 program- ming language. This application is only limited to entry and processing of data and reports. Such as data entry that no proof, ref, description, debit, credit and date. Processing data that is processed from the application will be stored using data base. For the obtain necessary information in this writing, the author uses literature. Penamaan File: 50400142


In the paper the logistic curve equation is employed to simulate the changing condition of per capita average yearly income and expenses of the citizens of our country to give short term projection and to analyse the changing condition of per capita income and expenses in different stages. Further more, information and scientific grounds are provided for macro analysis and projection of the economic system.


Stress distribution has always posed problems in industrial products and structures. The emphasis now being placed on sound engineering design has created the need for a more effective solution to these problems. One method playing an increasingly important role in this field is that of photoelastic stress analysis - a non-destructive method. This method utilises a transparent plastic scale model of the object to be investigated. After loading to simulate conditions of application, the model is examined in a beam of polarised light, and the distribution of stresses revealed can be used to deduce the stress distribution in the actual object. This comprehensive article details the methods and equipment used in the photoelastic technique, and gives practical examples. It also explains the use of the polariscope which, with its large viewing field coupled with the stress-freezing technique, has extended the area of photoelastic application, and removed many of the previous limitations on model size and complexity. The text concludes with a review of the latest developments in this field and the possible future trends.


The viability of gas turbine cogeneration in Australia is affected by technical, economic and 'cultural' factors. A combination of these factors must explain why in Australia, and in New South Wales (NSW) in particular, cogeneration is not as widely used as it is in some other countries. A model has been developed to analyse the economics of retrofitting gas turbine cogeneration to industrial sites with electrical loads in the range 3 to 30 MW, and with a wide range of heat loads. The model compares the cost of operating the cogeneration plant with the cost of generating steam in gas or coal-fired package boilers and purchasing power from the local supply authority. Supplementary firing of the turbine exhaust gases to increase the inlet temperature to the heat recovery steam generator is considered. This performance modelling of gas turbines is based on analysis of a large number of modern industrial and aeroderivative machines. For particular heat and power load details a range of gas turbines and heat recovery steam generators is trialled. The model calculates the simple payback period achievable with each combination. This model provides a quick estimate of the feasibility of cogeneration in meeting various heat and power loads. The output from the model for a set of typical NSW input data demonstrates that there is a wide range of possible solutions. For a 8 MW e (electrical demand) project paybacks range from less than 3 1/2 years to more than 10, depending on the buyback arrangements and the choice of machine size. Typical data from the UK result in generally shorter payback periods : cogeneration projects in NSW in the size range of interest are not normally able to achieve payback periods as short as similar sized projects in the UK. In order to assess the relative importance of the technical/economic and 'cultural' factors, a comparison has been made between the best paybacks achievable for various load combinations with input data from Australia and the UK. Based on the results of this comparison and the previous modelling work, it is concluded that if cogeneration capacity in NSW is to increase significantly, there must either be a fall in the price of natural gas relative to electricity, or Australian governments will have to enact policies in favour of the smaller cogenerator.


One of the outstanding features of neuron is that axon lacks the ability to synthesize proteins. The structural and functional materials needed for axonal growing and regeneration have to be prepared in its cell body, and then supplied by axoplasmic transport. In our previous work, we have found that the transport rate of some slow-transported proteins is accelerated during regeneration. Because some changes are


Polymer composites are reinforced with synthetic fibres like aramid, glass and carbon give more benifits like advantages of low in weight, higher stiffness and greater strength, because of this polymer composite are widely used. This research is aimed to estimate the FS and ILSS of glass fabric and carbon fabric composite. In this recent study, the effects of fabric laminate sequence of glass fabric and carbon fabric have been investigated by the test namely Short beam shear (SBS) test. SEM evaluations are carried out to -study the mechanism of failure. The laminates were fabricated by the hand lay-up method. The fabrication and also the evaluation of specimen are according to the standards' of ASTM. Here the results indicates the ILSS & FS values are greater for carbon fabric reinforced composite when compared to glass fabric reinforced composite.


Based on the analysis on the present situation of Shanxi's resource s environment, this paper puts forward five countermeasures and suggestions about the problems of how to make right treatment of the contradictions among ecologic al environment, national resources and socio-economic development for the purpo se of Shanxi's going on the new-type industrialization road.


This study was conducted to see whether the training module of the application of the principle of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be used as an intervention to reduce the stress degree of adolescents aged 14 – 16 who have Down Syndrome's sibling. The design of this research is quasi-experiment with One Group Pretest - Posttest Design method. The sample of the study were three adolescents aged 14 – 16 who had Down Syndrome's sibling, were obtained by purposive sampling technique. The measuring tool used in this study is the Stress Degrees questionnaire, based on stress theory by Lazarus and Folkman (1984), to measure the stress degree, and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II) questionnaire to measure psychological flexibility, adapted into Indonesian from AAQ-II (Hayes, et al, 2004). The results showed that the application of the ACT principle significantly reduced the stress degree and increased the psychological flexibility of adolescents aged 14 – 16 who have Down Syndrome's sibling, with a significance value of 0.016 (sig <0.05). Through the application of ACT principles, the subjects's psychological flexibility is increased so that the subjects know how to deal with problems, by accepting negative or unpleasant feelings and thoughts because of having Down Syndrome's sibling and having a commitment to achieve goals according with their value of life.


The data grid is one of the infrastructures for data and storage resource management. Data replication can improve data access performance, fault tolerance, and reduce network transmission bandwidth. As the site storage space is limited in the grid, how to effectively use grid resources become an important challenge. This paper introduces a dynamic grid replication algorithm based on popularity support and confidence (BPSC). Through the algorithm, data and its associated copy can be placed on a suitable site, with reduced access latency. Through Optorsim, simulation results show that the algorithm can provide better performance compared with other algorithms Grid computing is an important branch of distributed computing. Grid computing constructs a virtual computer system through using a different location of the large number of heterogeneous resources (CPU and storage), provides the model to solve the problem of large scale computing and storage. The data grid is mainly the grid for data storage management. The data grid is defined as an effective combination of data and computing resources of distributed systems by Data Grid Group. The large-scale data- intensive applications, such as bioinformatics, high energy physics, space information generated vast amounts of data, these data may be TB scale, even up to the scale of PB. It is not practical to maintain large scale data at each site, and provide computing resources for visitors. At the same time, it will lead to increased access latency through a centralized way to storing and accessing these data from each site. Data replication technology is an effective method to reduce access latency in the data grid system. Data replication is one of the basic methods of distributed systems to improve the efficiency of system access, maintenance, system high availability. Data replication is to store data in the appropriate site for users to effective access to massive data. Data replication can reduce data access latency, reduce network bandwidth consumption, avoid congestion, adjust the load balancing in server-side, improve system reliability. Many data replication algorithm can reduce data access latency, improve system reliability, but which data will be copied, when the data will be copied at, where the data will be copied are the basic means of determining data replication algorithm. In this paper, we introduced a real-time dynamic data replication algorithm. The algorithm is based on the popularity of file dynamic to replicate data, and consider the storage space limitations of the site. Through optorsim simulation verified the algorithm. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 is about related works on replication in data grids. In Section 3, system model and component in system are presented. The file


The main objective of this paper was to investigate whether the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cells entrapped in alginate hydrogels depends on presence of soluble factors present in foetal bovine serum (FBS).


The article is devoted to determining the possibilities of building the structure of spatial markets on the scale of the national economy. An overview of the works is given, thanks to which the idea of the interregional input-output model was gradually formed as an objective calculation basis for analyzing the functional base of the regions and building a network model of economic interactions within the framework of the concept of central places. The main attention is paid to instrumental developments that can be useful for creating a universal method for recognizing the structure of economic interactions in space based on interregional balances. Three approaches to the distribution of regions by levels of the functional hierarchy have been identified. The first approach is based on estimates of the nodal structure of space, the second is based on the ordinal function of the network of interregional interactions, and the third is based on feedback loops. It has been established that the number of hierarchy levels allocated using the first approach is minimal, and using the second approach – maximum. It is determined that the central place measure can be used to test the assumptions formed on the basis of alternative approaches regarding the hierarchical structure of economic interactions. With the help of the considered instrumental developments, the hierarchical structure of economic interactions of the regions of Japan is determined based on the interregional input-output tables for 2005. It is shown that the analysis of the functional base of the regions, integrating alternative approaches to the hierarchization of flows of the interregional balance, allows us to determine the structure of spatial markets on the scale of the national economy based on the following aspects of economic interactions: the difference in the masses of the central places entering into interaction; maintaining a balance of centripetal and centrifugal forces; maximizing the «gravity» of the centers of market zones


This paper reviews solid phase extraction as applied to the sample preparation of catecholamines and biologically active peptides. The mechanisms used in solidphase extraction are: non-polar, polar, ion-exchange, and covalent.


The worldwide prevalence of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes threatens people's health and drives up healthcare cost.Scientists are now taking advantages of the rapidly developing technology of gene therapy to treat diabetes.This article summarized the advances in Type 1 diabetic gene therapy such as using suitable promoter expressing proinsulin cDNA to stimulate new β-cell formation and insulin secretion as well as to improve immunologic response or avoid immune destruction of β-cells.The advances in Type 2 diabetic gene therapy were mainly focused on glucagon like peptide-1 and angiotensin I converting enzyme 2.This review also made prediction on the future of diabetic gene therapy.


In this paper, we propose a novel channel allocation scheme, i.e., the asymmetrically paired repeated unequally spaced (APRUS) scheme, for the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission system. The APRUS scheme is capable of virtually eliminating the four-wave mixing (FWM) noise in the DWDM system, thus effectively addressing the FWM problem plaguing the conventional equally spaced (ES) channel allocation scheme. The APRUS allocation scheme was simulated and validated on four performance metrics; the number of FWM frequencies, total FWM power, total FWM efficiency and bit error rate. The simulation results revealed that the APRUS scheme outperforms the conventional ES regime on all four metrics. In addition, the FWM noise under the APRUS scheme is negligible such that no optical filters are required to filter out the noise at the DWDM's receiving end. Moreover, an extra signal channel is accommodated under the APRUS allocation scheme, which is equivalent to a gain of 10Gbit/s data transfer rate.


This paper introduces a system based on GPRS to realize remote monitoring and management in the power system.It can monitor the operation of power equipment.When the power equipment has trouble,it is able to alarm timely in order to decrease loss unnecessary.This system has a simple structure without the restriction of geography and with high performance-price ratio and working stability and reliability.


Aripiprazole (ARI) is a third-generation antipsychotic with few side effects but a poor solubility. Salt formation, as one common form of multicomponent crystals, is an effective strategy to improve pharmacokinetic profiles. In this work, a new ARI salt with adipic acid (ADI) and its acetone hemisolvate were obtained successfully, along with a known ARI salt with salicylic acid (SAL). Their comprehensive characterizations were conducted using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The crystal structures of the ARI-ADI salt acetone hemisolvate and ARI-SAL salt were elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the first time, demonstrating the proton transfer from a carboxyl group of acid to ARI piperazine. Theoretical calculations were also performed on weak interactions. Moreover, comparative studies on pharmaceutical properties, including powder hygroscopicity, stability, solubility, and the intrinsic dissolution rate, were carried out. The results indicated that the solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate of the ARI-ADI salt and its acetone hemisolvate significantly improved, clearly outperforming that of the ARI-SAL salt and the untreated ARI. The study presented one potential alternative salt of aripiprazole and provided a potential strategy to increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs.


Cyclic AMP has been shown to be of central importance in the regulation of metabolism and function in a wide variety of tissues and species and to mediate the actions of many hormones and other environmental stimuli. Nevertheless, until recently little attention has been paid to the mechanism of action of this cyclic nucleotide. A major interest of our own laboratory has been the investigation of the chemical reactivity, thermodynamic properties, and mechanism of action of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Some of our studies are summarized in the present paper.


The objective of this research is to examine empirically the influence abnormal return and capital gain to rate of return. This research using manufactures company as sample. By using regression, the result of research show there are abnormal return which positive significant in explaining rate of return, while capital gain positive significant too in explaining rate of return.


Introduction In the last decades there has been a significant increase of the incidence of the lumbar diseases in all its clinical aspects: low back pain and pain associated with sciatic nerve compression. Researches showed a high percentages of these symptoms, 7080% in adult population (Pope et al 1993). The causes are especially related to faulty postures, which has increased due to a sedentary life. Office jobs, driving cars for long periods of time, watching television in supine posture, lacking of regular physical activities lead to changes in posture, in cervical spine biomechanics , all these being reflected on the other spine curves. Some studies demonstrated the amount of stress induced in lumbar spine at the professional drivers. The researchers establised that the physiological vibrations of the lumbar spine are 4-5 Hz, and the professional drivers values are higher than normal. A different pattern of faulty posture is one determined by certain professions (surgeons, desk workers, students, etc.). These professions lead to the onset of low back pain. The prevalence of low back pain at the teenagers is 46.8% (18.2% chronic and 28.6% acute) (Pope et al 1993; Alsiddiky et al 2015). These biomechanical changes lead to a premature degeneration mainly of the spine structures, but also of the other joints, muscular imbalances, inflammations and faulty movement patterns which compromise the whole body dynamic (Calvosa et al 2008). Modifications of the head posture lead to changing of the levers, perturbation of the muscles force, loss of the scapula thoracic girdle balance, modification of the body gravity-center, which will overuse the lumbar spine. In these conditions the lumbar spine won't be able to balance the body on the pelvis girdle and lower limbs. Among the physical therapy protocols used in low back pain treatment, we mention Williams, McKenzie, Pilates and lumbar spine stretching exercises. This study started from the presumption that the improvement of the cervical spine biomechanics and posture will improve the lumbar spine biomechanics and also will decrease the low back symptoms. The study assesses the posture modifications due to the experimental physical therapy protocol versus the classic Williams one.


Taking the tunnel support of the first coalface on XV coal bed in Wangtai Mine as the example,this paper introduces the application of anchor bolt supporting technique under the hard roof condition.


The DDHMS (double differential hybrid Monte Carlo simulation) model treats nucleon-induced pre-equilibrium reactions as a series of particle-particle and particle-hole interactions in the space of energy and angle. This work compares spectra obtained within the model using diferent approximations to the density of accessible states. The calculations are performed with the EMPIRE reaction model code, a modular system containing several nuclear reaction models that permits a fairly complete descritpion of the reaction, from elastic scattering and absorption through the pre-equilbrium stage to the final decay by statistical emission.


In this paper we analyze the geometric structure and properties of a certain class of subsets of $\Bbb R^d$, known in the literature as 1-multicones, and here simply called multicones, which are quite natural generalizations of the classical cones. In particular, we introduce and investigate a suitable extension of the concept of duality to such multicones, which allows us to treat in a convenient way many issues related to their invariance and strict invariance for matrices and finite families of matrices. One of the main goals of our investigations is the detection of sufficient conditions on the structure of the eigenspaces of a given finite family of matrices to assure the existence of an embedded pair of invariant multicones, which are the smallest and the biggest in a suitable and natural sense. The conditions we find also suggest us a practical computational procedure for the actual construction of such invariant embedded pair.


The authors studied some psychosocial aspects in 34 breast cancer patients, submitted to mastectomy, through a questionnaire with nine items. They point out the importance of multidisciplinary treatment, emphasizing the psychological and social support which must be given to the mastectomized patient in order to rehabilitate her both at home and at work.


This research focused on the tissue culturing of cotton petioles in different parts and different developing stages using the established system of tissue culture of cotton petioles.The callus induction medium was MSB +IAA 0.1 mg·L-1+KT 0.1 mg·L-1+2,4-D 0.1 mg·L-1+Glucose 30 g·L-1+Gel 2 g·L-1(pH 5.8),for both the petioles and aseptic seedling hypocotyls as explants.The embryogenesis callus differential medium was MSB +IAA 0.05 mg·L-1+KT 0.05 mg·L-1+Glucse 30 g·L-1+Gel 2 g·L-1(pH 6.5),for the calli of petioles.The embryogenesis callus differential medium was MSB +IAA 0.02 mg·L-1+KT 0.04 mg·L-1+Glucose 30 g·L-1+Gel 2 g·L-1(pH 6.5),for the calli of the aseptic seedling hypocotyls.For the petioles from the stem,the fruit branch and the vegetative branch as explants,the results revealed no significant difference in the ratio of callus induction and callus differentiation.For the senescence petioles as explants,there was significant decrease in the ratio of callus induction and callus differentiation.Embryogenesis callus could develop into embryoid and then into plantlets in the medium containing MSB+6-BA 0.05 mg·L-1+KT 0.02 mg·L-1+Sucrose 30 g·L-1+Gel 2 g·L-1(pH 6.5).The results indicated that like aseptic seedling hypocotyls,cotton petioles were good explants for tissue culture.


PURPOSE: A multilayer circuit board is provided to facilitate repair/maintenance of a transmission/reception module by replacing a device or circuit of the transmission/reception module after completing the transmission/reception module. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of receiving holes are formed to pass through both sides of a circuit board(103). A ground pattern is formed on one side of the circuit board. The ground pattern is opposite to the high frequency circuit board to shield electrical connection between the high frequency circuit board and the circuit board. The ground pattern has an open region corresponding to a signal wiring(127). A plurality of integrated circuit chips are mounted on one side of the high frequency circuit board. The signal wiring is formed on the high frequency circuit board to transmit the signal between the plurality of integrated circuit chips.


Measurements are reported on detonations of homogeneous liquid nitric oxide initially at T = 119 K, /rho//sub o/ = 1.28 g/cm/sup 3/. Plane-shock initiation in mirror-covered wedges demonstrated detonation in preshocked material (superdetonation) that overtook the smooth input shock. Its transverse irregularities continued in the unsupported detonation. The input shock ran ca. 3 mm at U/sub I/ = 3.8 /plus minus/ 0.2 km/s. Behind it the fluid had u/sub p/ = 0.89 /plus minus/ 0.02 km/s, p = 4.3 /plus minus/ 0.03 GPa, /rho/ = 1.67 /plus minus/ 0.03 g/cm/sup 3/, and the superdetonation had D*/sub lab/ /approx/6.9 km/s. In 356-mm long graphite tubes with 25.4-mm inner diameter, measured detonation velocity is D = 5552 /plus minus/ 3 m/s. Failure diameter in graphite is below 8 mm. Free-surface velocities of 1- and 2-mm aluminum plates terminating the detonation axis were near 1.5 km/s approximately as predicted for CJ flow at D/sub /infinity// = 5564 m/s, u/sub p/ = 1.34 km/s impinging on aluminum. Electronic streak photography at d = 20.6 mm in brass registered a smoothly convex detonation front with apparent brightness temperature of 1735 /plus minus/ 40 K as it reached an end window asynchronously. 20 refs., 5 figs.,more » 3 tabs.« less


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of values and beliefs rooted in "non‐Western" cultures in implementing global education initiatives such as education for sustainable development (ESD) at the regional and local levels. This is because many of these initiatives are often derived from "Western" cultures and values. Also to reaffirm the importance for educators to respect and use local and indigenous ways of life and knowledge systems in order to make teaching and learning more relevant and meaningful for Pacific students; and to advocate for the development of teachers' capacities to better contextualize their teaching and create more culturally inclusive learning environments.Design/methodology/approach – Informed by the findings of her research on cultural values, educational ideas and teachers' role perception in Tonga, plus her work as the UNESCO Chair in Teacher Education and Culture at the University of South Pacific, the author presents her reflections on the need to...


Strong shaking by earthquake causes massif landsliding with severe effects on infrastructure and human lives. The distribution of landslides and other hazards are depending on the combination of earthquake and local characteristics which influence the dynamic response of hillslopes. The Himalayas are one of the most active mountain belts with several kilometers of relief and is very prone to catastrophic mass failure. Strong and shallow earthquakes are very common and cause wide spread collapse of hillslopes, increasing the background landslide rate by several magnitude. The Himalaya is facing many small and large earthquakes in the past i.e. earthquakes i.e. Bihar-Nepal earthquake 1934 (Ms 8.2); Large Kangra earthquake of 1905 (Ms 7.8); Gorkha earthquake 2015 (Mw 7.8). The Mw 7.9 Gorkha earthquake has occurred on and around the main Himalayan Thrust with a hypocentral depth of 15 km (GEER 2015) followed by Mw 7.3 aftershock in Kodari causing 8700+ deaths and leaving hundreds of thousands of homeless. Most of the 3000 aftershocks located by National Seismological Center (NSC) within the first 45 days following the Gorkha Earthquake are concentrated in a narrow 40 km-wide band at midcrustal to shallow depth along the strike of the southern slope of the high Himalaya (Adhikari et al. 2015) and the ground shaking was substantially lower in the short-period range than would be expected for and earthquake of this magnitude (Moss et al. 2015).


A new species of the nostocalean genus Anabaena was discovered in periphytic cyanobacterial mats of the Everglades marsh, South Florida, USA. In some of the 10 samples where it occurred, the species dominated the cyanobacterial community, however, it was always part of a rich assemblage of microbiota, including many types characteristic for alkaline herbaceous wetlands of Caribbean America or freshwater tropical marshes. On the basis of typical morphological traits and occurrence in a periphytic habitat, I suggest that the species is a member of the genus Anabaena in its original sense, valid after recent separation of planktic taxa. As the most distinctive morphological feature, it has firm, coloured sheaths that have never been reported for this genus before.


Nowadays the medical image processing has a vital role in diagnosis a human health in most of the health care institutions. Recently intensive research have been done in ultra sound imaging application to remove the blurry of noise image which is affected by random noise during the acquisition, analyzing and transmission. The blurry image produces inaccurate results that are difficult for doctors and biomedical engineers to extract fine physical exam report for patient. The discrete wavelet transform respectively uses the low pass filter and high pass filter to improve the affected image and getting lower and higher frequencies content image. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) has been applied for ultra sound image as affective tool in order to decompose the original image into details and approximation coefficients. It can be done by passing through it during the filters and reconstruct a sub-band details from the wavelet coefficients without changing the important features of the original image. This experimental work has been applied here to observe the medical image de-noising performance by using wavelet filter parameters such as PSNR & MSE from numerical results for the sake of efficient de-noising of noisy medical image. However, bayes threshold and Poisson noise techniques have been added to original image that produced maximum value of PSNR and minimum value MSE. The wavelet based de-noising algorithm has been investigated for medical image de-noising and best results of bayes technique and Hard & Soft threshold methods were achieved when different noises have been applied such as Poisson noises, Gaussian, Salt & Pepper and speckle. Meanwhile comparison evolution is being performed by taking individual noise values.


Most state-of-the-art emotion recognition methods are based on turn- and frame-level analysis independent from phonetic transcription. Currently "affective computing" community could not specify the smallest emotional standard unit which can be easily classified and determined by any "advanced" and "non-advanced" listener. It is known that, acoustic modeling on the smallest phonetic unit (phoneme) started a new era in automatic speech recognition: switch from speaker dependent isolated word recognition to speaker independent continuous speech recognition. In or current research we showed that phoneme can be used as as smallest unit for high and low arousal emotion classification task. We trained our classifications models on the VAM dataset material and evaluated them on speech samples from the DES dataset. For our experiments we employed two different emotion classification approaches: general (phonetic pattern independent) and phoneme-based (phonetic pattern dependent). Both classification approaches used MFFC features extracted on the frame level. Our experimental results impressively show that the proposed phoneme-based classification technique could increase emotion classification performance by about 9.68% absolute (15.98% relative). We showed that phoneme-level emotion models trained on "natural" emotions could provide impressive classification performance on dataset with acted affective content.


.................................................... .2 INTRODUCTION ................................................. .3 CHAPTER ONE: LITERATURE REVIEW. 1. I Introductory Outline...... ............................... .7 1. II. The nature of Phonological Disorder ..................... 8 a)Theories of Phonological development .................. .9 b) Phonological Disorder ................................. 10 c) Phonological Assessment ............................... 11 d)Approaches to Phonology Therapy ....................... 13 1. III. Normal development of phonetic repair strategy......... 16 a) Child response to adult clarification requests. ......... 17 b)Maternal clarification requests and phonologically disordered children.... o ............... 18 c) Specification of lexical versus phonetic repair ......... 19 d)The constraint on other correction .................... 22 e)The status of the interlocutor. ......... o ... o ......... 23 1. IV The analysis of interactional moves in therapy.......... 23 IN. Possible sources of trouble for the child in therapy.... 26 a)The isolation and segmentation of phonetic material... 26 b)Metalinguistic and pragmatic skills and their role.... .. in therapy ................................ ............ 27 1. VI. CAMethodology .............................. ............ 29 a)Basic theoretical assumptions of CA ....... ............ 30 b)CA and repair organisation ................ ............ 32 c)CA and Discourse Analysis ................. ............ 34 d)CA and institutional talk ................. ............ 38 1. VII. Summnary and Design of thesis ............... ............ 42 a)Sunmary ................................... ............ 42 b) The analytical chapters .................... ............ 44 1. VIII. Methodology ............................... ............ 46 ..................... a) Data collection 46 ........... ..... . . b) Contextual information .................... ............ 46 c) Subject selection ......................... ............ 47 d)CA Transcript notation .................... ............ 50 e)Phonetic and phonemic transcription ....... ............ 56


A 61‐year‐old woman with a history of mixed cardiomyopathy (ischemic/dilated) s/p dual‐chamber implantable cardioverter‐ defibrillator (ICD) was admitted to the hospital due to an appropriate shock for ventricular fibrillation. She had previously been treated with amiodarone, but this was discontinued due to hyperthyroidism and dofetilide was substituted as an antiarrhythmic drug. Due to recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) despite medical therapy, VT ablation was performed. A septal substrate was ablated, and she developed a complete atrioventricular block. Her atrial rhythm varied between sinus rhythm and atrial tachycardia which was tracked leading to a fast‐paced ventricular rate. As a result, the device was programmed to DDI mode. During hospitalization, she developed acute decompensated heart failure associated with acute respiratory failure complicated by respiratory acidosis. At that time, she was noted to have episodes of sudden onset atrial pacing at approximately 115 bpm despite having a programmed setting of DDI 75 bpm (Figure 1). Of note, a chest X‐ray performed during hospitalization showed no lead dislodgement (Figure 2). Device interrogation showed normal electrical parameters and confirmed the presence of atrial pacing at a rate faster than the programmed rate (Figure 3). The device programmed parameters were as follows: Mode DDI


Between December 1983 and March 1991 , 2200 knee artnroscopies were performed at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. Ouring the last four years, over 500 surgical arthroscopies were performed and 63 in 62 patients were arthroscopic meniscectomies of the middle and posterior parts of the medial and lateral menisci for isolated meniscallesions without any instability. The mean age was 38, 8 (15-58) years. The right knee was involved in 34 and 41 were men. The medial meniscus was involved in 42, while the Iateral meniscus was affected in 11 knees. One knee had involvement of both menisci. The most frequent configuration of the tears was a longitudinallesion in 26. All patients were evaluated objectively and subjectively. it is concluded that, due to Iesser morbidity and lesser complication rate, easier and shorter rehabilitation and sooner return to sports, arthroscopic operations have significant advantages over conventional open techniques. Aiso our three-portal technique, with scope in the anterolateral, grasping instrument or probe in the anteromedial and kinife in the transpatellar portals, which was used in the majority of cases and its advantages over other techniques are described in details.


A 1920s vintage home was renovated with the goal of becoming net-zero energy over a 12-month period. The project was performed over a period of two years. The first phase quantified the energy profile of the house in the original state. The second phase included a deep energy retrofit to improve the thermal insulation of the building envelope and an installation of a photovoltaic-thermal solar system. The annual heating demand was reduced by almost 50% from 38,000 kWh to 19,000 kWh. Adjustments made to the annual demand considered missing occupancy during the first phase, gaps in monitoring data, and the heating system used. The thermal comfort of the home was improved by increasing the mean surface temperature of the indoor environment. The net-zero energy target was not obtained during the first year after the renovation, but the solar system did generate 60% of the site electricity consumed. The solar monitoring system was not online 100% of the year for Phase II, and additional adjustments on the HVAC controls in the house, reducing the HVAC energy consumption, will increase the percentage of site energy use being offset by solar.


The aim with this essay is to emphasize the problems that ethnical belonging causes at schools today. We have chosen to examine and compare two schools with each other, one school is called "the ne ...


The East Asia Free Trade Area is the focus of all the related countries,so its formation is an inevitable trend.In this process,its tariff adjustment will undoubtedly affect our agricultural development.The paper first analyzes the status of our tariff structure and the changing trend of our classified agricultural product imports from the East Asian countries,then simulates the circumstance of establishing the East Asia FTA between China,Japan,South Korea and ASEAN,and uses the CGE model to analyze the effect of different departments' tariff concession on China's macro economy,and the effect of different simulation plans on the output of different regions.The results show that the tariff concession promotes our economic growth and increases our total imports;in case of the declining price of agricultural products,except that the tariff reduction of agricultural sectors inhibits their outputs,the tariff reduction of non-agricultural sectors advances the agricultural output and the total import and export amount of agricultural products.In addition,the tariff reduction of different departments has a different effect on the local output growth,for example,the tariff reduction of heavy industrial sectors better promotes the local output,but may result in the imbalance of regional development.


In long-term care, the phrase culture change (CC) is often used interchangeably with person-centered initiatives to refer to an enhanced social model of care. Evolving from a growing concern about the oppression of traditionally institutional-based nursing home care, the goal of CC is to create a system of interdependency that enhances the quality of life of residents as well as the quality of the work environment for staff. These models include Action Pact, the Eden Alternative, Planetree, and the Wellspring Model. This type of care requires changes across several dimensions of the nursing home setting: organizational, operational, and environmental. In more highly evolved CC, organizations' core services are decentralized and the physical environment is redesigned into a household, reducing the scale of the functional areas where residents live and staff work.

Keywords:

human rights;
institutions;
social norms


Modern HPC applications need to be run on many different platforms and performance portability has become a critical issue: parallel code needs to be executed correctly and performant despite variation in the architecture, operating system and software libraries. The numerical solution of partial differential equations using the finite element method is one of the key applications of high performance computing. This poster presents a performance portable implementation of the the finite element assembly in the Albany code, based on Kokkos programming model from Trilinos. Evaluation experiments show good performance results for a single implementation across three multicore/manycore architectures: NVIDIA GPUs, Multicore CPUs, Intel Xeon Phi.


Small reef islands provide habitable land for coastal communities in many parts of the world. However, the small, low lying reef islands are commonly considered among the most geomorphically sensitive landforms to changes in sea level, wave processes, sediment supply and anthropogenic impacts. Kepulauan Seribu in the Java Sea comprise of numerous reef islands. By 2019, the islands chain is host to more than 24 thousand people. Kepulauan Seribu is affected by monsoon wind cycle. The monsoon wind also known to interact with an interannual phenomenon such as Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) which affecting regional and local wind circulation. This study aims to examine the reef shoreline response to seasonal and interannual climate variability using satellite data that encompasses yearly monsoon cycle and IOD event. Strengthens (weakens) of winds speed in the study area during the East (West) Monsoon, which in some year also coincides with a positive (negative) IOD event, are observed from 2009 to 2018 ERA - Interim by The European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data. This variability influences the shoreline shifting in the uninhabited reef islands of Kepulauan Seribu as identified based on satellite imagery analysis. More pronounce shifted of large sediment flux are perceptible on opposing monsoon which coincides with positive/negative IOD event. Small uninhabited reef islands have ecological and economical value. Hence, enhancing coastal resilience from erosion by using conservation-types approach should be taking into consideration. Ultimately, a good understanding of climate variability that controlled changes in beach systems of reef islands is important for adequate coastal management decisions.


From the very beginning of Novosibirsk (pre-revolutionary Novonikolaevsk), the ribbon of the Ob River pine forest began to dwindle as a result of man-induced activity, e.g. logging, wood clearing, construction of dugouts and houses, etc. The small rivers that flew through the forest were used for quarries and water mills. As a result, the intensive industrial development disturbed the terrain and provoked revinement. Subsequently, the abandoned intracity park zones of the relict forest were transformed into residential, business, and industrial areas, such as Alhambra, Mikhailovsky Grove, etc. The quality of the forest stand during the period of industrialization was affected by the technogenic load from industrial enterprises that had no sewage treatment plants. An ill-conceived green policy led to the loss of the environment-forming function of the Novosibirsk pine forest, because only small areas of it remained within the city boundaries. The once green banks of small rivers that flew into the Ob preserved the last remains of the pine forest. However, they were destroyed, as the rivers were placed in underground pipelines, the ravines were washed away, and infill construction flourished. At the moment, the remaining green areas fail to perform the main function of urban forests: they neither reduce the negative environmental load, nor reproduce themselves. In addition, they make poor recreational areas. The remaining relic pine forest and other green areas continue to experience both direct and indirect negative impact, e.g. deforestation, air and water pollution, etc. The largest preserved site of the Ob River pine forest is the Zaeltsovsky public park. Located to the north of the Yeltsovka-2 (Bolshoi) River, it has been used for summer cottages, recreation, and foraging mushrooms and berries since the XIX century. The article gives a historical retrospective of the reduction in the area of the Ob River pine forest and its causes. It also describes the Comfortable Urban Environment project aimed at preserving green areas and pine forests.


The present invention relates to a mixer, the mixer system and method. One kind of mixer is configured to a predetermined oscillator frequency sample the input signals received, and a predetermined polarity switching the polarity of the frequency switching of the input signal that is sampled.


The article deals with tendency of formation of social changes and subjectivity of police. This tendency depends on reforms of legal system and police. In this article the influence of social changes to subjectivity of police, and principles of reforms of police system are dicussed. The author presents his arguments and his own version concerning the issues discussed in this article.


A reversed-phase HPLC method for analyzing nine fluoroquinolone residues with fluorescence detector was developed.The fluoroquinolone residues were extracted by acidified acetonitrile,purified with n-hexane and solid-phase extraction,and quantified by external standard calibration curves.The detection limit is 1 μg/kg for norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,pefloxacin,difloxacin and enrofloxacin,0.2 μg /kg for danofloxacin,2 μg /kg for sarafloxacin,5 μg /kg for ofloxacin and 50 μg /kg for marbofloxacin.The average recovery rate of the nine fluoroquinolones in aquatic products ranged from 75% to 98%,and the relative standard deviations were between 0.5% and 9.0%.The method was proved to be of high sensitivity,low cost and versatility.


This study aims to: test and analyze the influence of leadership style, work environment, and job satisfaction on employee performance in employees of BPKAD (Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency) Bondowoso Regency. The population in this study were all employees of BPKAD in Bondowoso Regency, totaling 61 civil servants. The entire population is sampled in this study, so it is also called census research. Validity and reliability tests are used to test the measurement tools in the form of questionnaires. The analysis tool uses Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of hypothesis testing indicate that leadership style has a significant effect on employee performance. Work environment has a significant effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction has a significant effect on employee performance.


Abstract Seersucker woven fabrics are characterized by unconventional structure and surface topography. Their crucial feature is a three-dimensional puckered effect created by puckered and flat strips occurring in the warp direction. Such a structure influences the basic mechanical and utility properties of the fabrics. The aim of the presented work is to analyze the heat transfer in seersucker woven fabrics. Measurement of the heat transfer was done using an infrared camera. Thermograms created for different seersucker woven fabrics, as well as for flat and puckered areas of the seersucker woven fabrics, were analyzed from the aspect of heat exchange between a hot plate and the environment through the fabric. The results showed that the linear density of the weft yarn influences the heat transfer through seersucker woven fabrics. The results allowed the comparison of the heat transfer through the seersucker woven fabrics in both flat and puckered areas. The investigations performed confirmed that the thermographic method can be applied to complex analyses of the heat transfer through seersucker woven fabrics.


Imagine being able to shrink down to a small enough size to peer into the human body at the single-cell level. Now take a deep breath and plunge into that cell to see all of the ongoing biological processes, including the full complement of molecules and their locations within the cell. This has


After three decades of neglect in North America, interest in diesel multiple unit (DMU) cars is growing again. The convergence of three factors appears to be driving this trend: (1) Introduction of new DMU designs in other parts of the world where DMU development has been continuous and innovative, particularly "low floor" cars in Europe; (2) Identification of rail corridors suitable for commuter service, but where passenger volumes are not large enough to require locomotive-hauled trains; (3) Increasing costs of alternatives such as electric light rail transit (LRT), for which DMUs might be substituted at a lower cost per mile to enable longer "starter lines". Design, operating, maintenance and regulatory differences between mainline railroads and local transit systems in North American suggest that vehicle manufacturers should be considering DMUs for at least three sub-markets: (1) Category 1-DMUs for Mainline Railroads; (2) Category 2 - DMUs for Light Density or Unused Railroad Lines; and (3) Category 3 - DMUs Compatible with Light Rail Alignments. This paper explores design and operating requirements for these three DMU categories, concentrating on issues that argue for market segmentation.


Background: Progressive osteoarthritis is common in skeletal dysplasias. In the most of these disorders progress is relatively slow and acute pain with severe disability secondary to osteoarthritis is rare during childhood. Diastrophic dysplasia and rMED are quite unique among other skeletal dysplasias for secondary subacute arthritis (SSA). Protracted course of SSA can mimic JIA. Objectives: To analyse incidence and features of SSA in group of patients with DD/rMED. Methods: We retrospectively analysed for SSA our series of 39 patients with DD/rMED. Clinical, radiological and laboratory data were collected. Clinical assessment included pain (VAS), ROM (range of motion) and postural/walking disturbances. Radiological type by Yasunaga classification, neck-shaft angle (NSA) and articulo-trochanteric distance (AT distance) were estimated. MRI data regarding cartilage damage, joint effusion and bone marrow condition were noticed. Biomarkers of inflammation and immune response (ANA, RF, vimentin antibodies) were assessed in blood samples. Results: We identified 17 patients with hip joint SSA among 39 patients with DD/rMED (43%). Bilateral involvement was identified in 13 children with asynchronous appearance in all cases (from 2 to 18 months before the symptoms on the other side). Trauma (including iatrogenic damage during physiotherapy) preceded SSA in 9 cases. Pain, limited range of motion, limping and antalgic posture throughout the day were noticed in all the cases. Duration of these symptoms was from 4 weeks to 9 months. Progressive phase (increasing symptoms) took from 2 weeks to 4 months. General laboratory data were normal or indicated moderate inflammatory response without any specific changes. Radiolodgical data shows predictive sighs like NSA MRI revealed pseudo-erosive damaged cartilage in contact area with joint effusion and bone marrow oedema. Total cartilage matrix also visualized like intermittent and multi-layered = erosive-like chondrolysis (defective articular hyaline cartilage) in 11 patients (65%). Management included bed rest or partial weight bearing. NSAID were prescribed for 2-4 weeks with following usage according to the symptoms. Physical therapy to maintain range of motion was provided. One patient was operated (containment surgery for subluxation). In follow-up (2-7 years) 12 patients were painless at the daily life. 4 patients had intermittent pain and one patient (operated) - daily moderate pain. Range of motion was restored in 11 patients. Those patients who underwent in-hospital rehabilitation immediately after appearing of the symptoms demonstrated better outcome. Conclusion: SSA is typical for DD/rMED and leads to remarkable disability. Early recognition and non-surgical management are important for recovery. The quick reversibility of the clinical picture arthritis against the background of a short course of NSAIDs and rehabilitation is a characterized of non-autoimmune secondary inflammatory process (SSA). SSA not requires anti-rheumatic treatment in children with DD/rMED. References: [1]Al Kaissi, A., Kenis, V., Melchenko, E., Chehida, F. B., Ganger, R., Klaushofer, K., & Grill, F. (2014). Corrections of lower limb deformities in patients with diastrophic dysplasia. Orthopaedic surgery, 6(4), 274-279. [2]Baindurashvili A.G., Kenis V.M., Melchenko E.V., Grill F., Al-Kaissi A. Complex orthopaedic management of patients with skeletal dysplasias. Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2014;(1):44-50. doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2014-0-1-44-50 Disclosure of Interests: None declared


Combustion chamber is a core component of the hot section parts of aero engines, since it works under high-temperature and strong-noise circumstance for a long term, its lifespan is relative low and failure rate is relative high. The vibration generated by unstable combustion in the combustion chamber is very serious and the vibration generate noise, the vibration and noise will cause acoustic fatigue damage, thus affect the lifespan of the combustion chamber. According to the requirements of the integrated program on the design of aero engine structure, the structural fatigue prediction and lifespan analysis of combustion chamber are the critical issues in engine design, especially with the advent of new concepts like high efficiency and low pollution, design of new type combustion chamber is becoming more and more important. The present paper elaborated on the basic theory of cavity acoustic mode, analyzed the characteristics of acoustic field of flame tube model of an annular combustion chamber based on the FEM and BEM, and measured the open acoustic modes of dual wall cylinder modes with the experimental approach.


The preparation of waterborne acrylate hydrosol,which is stable in acidic or alkaline environments,is introduced.The influences of emulsifier,initiator,reaction temperature,neutralizer,aid-solvent and et al to the performances of hydrosol and its coating film are studied.


Surveys of morbidity in countries with temperate climates have established the pre-eminent importance of acute respiratory infections as a cause of sickness at all ages. The more severe forms take a heavy toll of life among the very young and the elderly, and, particularly in infancy and early childhood, the mortality from bronchitis and pneumonia has a strong association with social conditions. The Payling Wrights (1945), in their study of, aetiological factors in bronchopneumonia among children under 2 years of age in London, found a strong correlation between mortality and substandard housing, social index, and the percentage below the poverty line. The factors associated with poverty and poor environment are, however, so intertwined that it is difficult to assess the relative contributions of such elements as poor housing, overcrowding, malnutrition, inadequate clothing, or parental neglect to the incidence and severity of respiratory infections among children. A more detailed assessment of social and environmental factors that may be specifically related to the incidence and severity of respiratory disease seemed to us necessary before rational preventive measures could be recommended. Previous studies, such as those of Dingle et al. (1953), have not been particularly concerned with the domestic environment. We here describe the methods and results of a survey designed to clarify some of the relationships between personal and environmental factors and the experience of respiratory disease of families living in different social circumstances.


Multicasting is a technique in which the data is send from sender to multiple receivers .In this paper we discuss the different techniques used for multicast authentication. Here the method for authentication, the batch signature verification is discussed and shown that how it is better from block based approach and other conventional approaches. The main drawback of batch signature verification, the denial of service attack is taken into consideration and we propose a composite denial of service attack model in multicast batch signature verification schemes that combines bandwidth exhaustion, memory depletion models and filtering for representation of cyber attacks. On the basic of the introduced model, different experiments are done .The results shows the dependencies of influence of attacker and victim"s properties on the successful probability of DoS attack and the composite model can minimize the DoS attack level in multicast authentication . In future we can improve the efficiency of this method by combining more filtering mechanisms against DoS attacks.


This paper gives an introduction of the reform and innovation of the national fine-designed course-Drawing Geometry and Machine Graphics-from the following aspects: teaching system, textbook building, teaching methods, examining ways, lab construction, teaching management and the construction teaching faculty.


Grid technology can effectively locate, allocate, collect, collaborate and utilize distributed resources and provide different kinds of resources for human-machine interaction. This paper briefly produces the present development and application status of Grid technology. Globus Project is one of the most influential Grid research projects. A prototype system is established based on Globus Toolkit 2.0 for the research of application of Globus in the distributed collaborative Modeling/Simulation environment of Virtual Prototype. Based on the recently released version Globus Toolkit 3.0, which implemented OGSI (Open Grid Services Infrastructure), the research and development of Grid Services laid a foundation for the extensive sharing of all kinds of simulation resources in the grid environment.


The invention concerns a process for improving the pour point of a feed comprising paraffins containing more than 10 carbon atoms, in which process the feed to be treated is brought into contact with a catalyst comprising an EU-1 zeolite and at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element, at a temperature which is in the range 170° C. to 500° C., a pressure in the range 1 to 250 bar and an hourly space velocity in the range 0.05 to 100 h , in the presence of hydrogen in a proportion of 50 to 2000 l/l of feed. The oils obtained have good pour points and high viscosity indices (VI). The process is also applicable to gas oils and other feeds requiring a reduction of pour point. The invention also concerns an EU-1 zeolite from which a portion of elements T (Al, Ga, Fe or B) have been removed and which has an Si/T atomic ratio of at least 10.


Entrepreneurship, as a career path helps in the national welfare, as it contributes to the gross national production of a society, leading to the improvement of the standard of living of its citizens and their aggregate quality of lives, through the functioning of entrepreneurial innovative minds. The aim of this paper is to investigate women entrepreneurship, because enhancing women's participation in entrepreneurship does not only generate income for those women's families, but they also create jobs for men and women alike, thus, alleviating poverty and abolishing unemployment. Therefore, in an attempt to increase the female total entrepreneurial activities (TEA) within Egypt and Nigeria, this paper aims to investigate the challenges facing female entrepreneurs operating in Egypt, in relative to, Nigeria. In this regard, both researchers undertook a qualitative approach due to the scarcity of the literature reviewed on the topic; in those particular countries, and as an in-depth comparative mode. Therefore, ten Egyptian entrepreneurs in relative to ten Nigerian entrepreneurs were in-depth investigated. The research findings prove that female entrepreneurs face complex compound problems for being both gender and country-specific. Regarding the gender-specific obstacles, the work/life imbalance due to the scarcity of child-care nurseries and the prevalence of the gender-role division while performing the house chores rather than the concept of co-operation, acted as a main source of cultural challenge because women are considered mostly as "housewives". However, interestingly, this specific gender-discrimination challenge is proven to have no grounded effect in terms of the business-establishment and daily dealings neither in Egypt nor Nigeria, as one of the sample exclaimed,"…as long as you pay, then no gender difference is set on the table".Nevertheless, women entrepreneurs stated that societal pressure represented in the lack of a supportive partner, act as another challenge they face in both countries because women are …."seen as housewives no matter how successful they are at their businesses". Other country-specific challenges facing female entrepreneurs, lied in, the aggregate weak entrepreneurial framework governing both countries, also, women faced the difficulty of access to financial institutions with collateral requirements that are usually "hardly to be met", besides, the absence of the "micro-credit-Grameen-banks" concept. As well, the scarcity of incubators and business training centers providing network, consultancy and well-trained workforce to female entrepreneurs constitute a major hurdle for women entrepreneurs operating in both countries. Also, women in both countries stated that they are not encouraged to have" ….informal networks outside the business formal framework"; a matter which can hinder their business performance because informal relationships with stakeholders can nurture formal ones, when it comes to the business world. Finally, this paper will conclude the research by offering a set of public-policy recommendations to pave the way for females to choose self-employment as a career path.


MR. BUSH: Why don't we go ahead and resume? We're on a rather tight schedule. Our first session was about resurgent great powers and what they mean for the alliance. Russia is trying to revive after two decades -China after two centuries. And now we move to various regions of the world. I guess they're all in the northern hemisphere. And we're going to move more or less from west to east. And we're going to start with Europe and our two speakers are Tadayuki Hayashi, who is the Vice President of Hokkaido University. He is going to be presenting the views of Professor Osamu Ieda, who unfortunately was -he was scheduled to come, but then could not come -and he'll probably have a few comments of his own. And then my colleague here at Brookings, Justin Vaisse, who is in the Center on the United States and Europe. Then we'll move to the Middle East and our presenters are Professor Keiko Sakai, who is a professor at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, and my good friend and colleague, Mike O'Hanlon, Senior Fellow here and Director of Research at the 21st Century Defense Initiative. We have detailed bios of all of them if you want to know more, but I think you


This article introduces financial inclusion as a global assemblage of subjects, technics, and rationalities that aim to develop poor-appropriate financial products and services. Microfinance forms the foundation, but also the boundary of the assemblage, which is premised on the assumption that the 2.7 billion poor people in the world who do not currently have access to formal loan, savings, and insurance products are in need of such offerings. The work of the Institute for Money, Technology and Financial Inclusion at the University of California, Irvine, with its emphasis on ethnographic research into culturally grounded monetary practices and logics, is presented as an alternative to the quantitative, economic, and financial logics that drive the assemblage.


The density and speed of sound for glycols (EG, DEG, and TEG) in an aqueous solution of D-Mannitol have been measured by Anton Paar DSA 5000M at different temperatures and concentrations. Experimentally obtained data of density and speed of sound are employed to calculate various theoretical parameters such as intermolecular free length, acoustic impedance, adiabatic compressibility, Wada's constant, Rao's Constant, and Vander Waal's constant which gave the better insight into molecular interactions between the glycols and D-mannitol solutions. The linear trend for all the parameters implies the absence of complex formation in the system.


This type of scoliosis is the most common (80 to 85%). However, as the name indicates, the cause of the deformity has an unknown origin. It is considered scoliosis when there is a curvature of at least 10°, measured by the Cobb method, on a standing upright radiograph of the spine. When the curve is of 50° or more, the worsening occurs included in people who have already reached skeletal maturity. Patients with curves between 60 and 100° have reduced lung capacity by 68% of normal.


In the paper the problem of multirate linear-phase filter realization for "octave property" transfer functions is discussed and illustrated with a practical example. As the example the filter describing the human body tolerance to harmful environmental vibration signals has been chosen. The filter is not easy to implement with classical approaches due to the very specific frequency characteristics defined in a wide frequency range (0.5 Hz to 10 kHz) with a multi-pole 10-15 Hz resonance. The general conditions for proper multirate filter realization are formulated and the filter design based exclusively on linear-phase FIR analyzing/synthesizing filtering sections is discussed. The method has no bandwidth limitations and delivers stable, numerically efficient filtering algorithm. In spite of multiband processing filter has no signal reconstruction errors and has full properties of the classical FIR filter with the extremely long impulse response. Its linear phase makes it superior to IIR realizations.


Macrophages are plastic cell populations that normally adapt to their environment. Cellular adaptation to hypoxia occurs through transcription factors including hypoxia-inducible factors, and hypoxia-inducible transcriptions are further regulated by chromatin response through histone modification including histone methylation. However, the role of histone methylation in the hypoxia response of macrophages is not well understood. As obesity is associated with dysregulated macrophage functions, we investigated whether hypoxia response is cell-intrinsically dysregulated in macrophages in obesity. In mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), immunoblotting revealed that 1% hypoxia rapidly increases the global levels of histone 3 methylations. We found that hypoxia-induction of histone 3-lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) is specifically inhibited in BMDMs from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD-BMDMs) compared to BMDMs from mice fed a normal diet (ND-BMDMs). Multi-omics approach with ChIP-seq and RNA-seq identified that glycolysis-related pathways and genes including Aldoa are upregulated after prolonged hypoxia along with upregulated H3K4me3 in ND-BMDMs. In contrast, no pathway is associated with hypoxia-upregulated H3K4me3 peaks in HFD-BMDMs and hypoxia-induced Aldoa expression is decreased in HFD-BMDMs, suggesting both the extent and the genome location of H3K4me3 response to hypoxia is dysregulated in obesity. Consistently, lactate accumulation and induction of histone lactylation under hypoxia are reduced in HFD-BMDMs. Furthermore, HFD-BMDMs exhibited decreased dying cell clearance under hypoxia due to the reduced capacity of anaerobic glycolysis. Competitive bone marrow transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) shows that HFD-induced long-term memory reflects the impaired dying cell clearance in differentiated BMDMs, which is rescued by inhibiting oxidative stress in HSCs. In summary, chromatin response to hypoxia associated with H3K4me3 enrichment governs transcriptions for anaerobic glycolysis and dying cell clearance under hypoxia. Obesity dysregulates the extent and the genome location of H3K4me3 enrichment, glycolysis, and dying cell clearance of BMDMs under hypoxia, which is initiated in HSPCs via oxidative stress.


White and Fairall (1995) calculated the optical properties of the marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds observed during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) and compared their results with the results obtained by Fairall et al. for the MBL clouds observed during the First International Satellite Climatology Program (ISSCP) Regional Experiment (FIRE). They found a factor of two difference in the optical depth versus liquid water relationship that applies to the clouds observed in each case. In the present study, we present evidence to support this difference. We also investigate the local variability exhibited in the ASTEX optical properties using measurements of the boundary layer aerosol concentration.


Purpose Imipenemase (IMP), an Ambler class B metallo-β-lactamase, is an important carbapenemase that confers resistance to almost all β-lactams. In this study, we characterized the genomic feature of an IMP-4-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST1873 strain, a rare sequence type (ST) isolated from an infant with a bloodstream infection in China. Patients and Methods K. pneumoniae strain, BKP19, was collected from a bloodstream infection in an infant who was hospitalized at the department of paediatrics. The whole genome sequence of the strain was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform and long-read MinION sequencer. Multilocus sequence typing, antimicrobial resistance gene identification, plasmid and phylogenetic relationship analysis of the strain were analysed by various bioinformatics approaches. Results K. pneumoniae BKP19 was resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including carbapenems. Eleven antimicrobial resistance genes corresponding to beta-lactam resistance, quinolone resistance, phenicol resistance and fosfomycin resistance could be identified in the genome. The carbapenem resistance gene blaIMP-4 was located in an IS26-associated class 1 integron of an IncN-type plasmid with 39,033 bp (pIMP-4-BKP19). Sequence alignment revealed that pIMP-4-BKP19 is closely related to the common plasmid carrying IMP-4 in K. pneumoniae (pIMP-HZ1-like plasmid) but is smaller, lacking the quinolone resistance gene qnrS1 and multiple tra gene orthologs. Conjugation experiment revealed that pIMP-4-BKP19 is a non-conjugative plasmid. According to in silico MLST analysis, K. pneumoniae strain BKP19 belongs to a sporadic clone ST1873. Conclusion In summary, our study reports the first genome sequence of a K. pneumoniae ST1873 strain harbouring the class B β-lactamase blaIMP-4 in an IncN-type plasmid recovered from an infant with a bloodstream infection in China. Considering the global emergence of IMP-4 carbapenemase, more attention must be paid to prevent its future prevalence.


The paper describes a formal algorithm (i. e., Diana algorithm) to prove the local index theorem for Dirac operator, and points out that the magic power of the algorithm needs a logical ground attached. On this understanding we could see that there are several gaps in the Getzler's proof.


Current tools for storage system configuration management make offline decisions, recovering from, instead of preventing, performance specification violations. The consequences are severe in a large-scale system that requires complex actions to recover from failures, and can result in a temporary shutdown of the system. We introduce Kybos, a distributed storage system that makes online, autonomous responses to system changes. It runs on clusters of intelligent bricks, which provide local enforcement of global performance and reliability specifications and so isolate both recovery and application IO traffic. A management agent within Kybos translates simple, high-level specifications into brick-level enforcement targets, invoking centralized algorithms only when taking actions that require global state. Our initial implementation shows that this approach works well.


Spronck and Nikitina's paper is an attempt to locate the domain of reported speech (aka reported discourse, henceforth RD) within language from a crosslinguistic perspective. RD has been notoriously problematic to define and relate to other phenomena; so in spite of it having been extensively studied in the recent and not-so-recent past it still deserves close attention. Given the experience of the authors in this field and their extensive referencing of important contributions, one could expect the article to provide a typologically oriented state-of-the-art report as well as advance the discussion. Unfortunately, however, my expectations are met only to a limited extent. As stated at the beginning, the authors set about "defending" the central claim (without clarifying whether they have a counterclaim in mind) that RD


In this paper,the concept and it s classi fication of text signals was discussed.The researches on the effects of text s inmals were reviewed.The mechanism of the effects of text signals was analyzed.In the end,the future of this domain was predicted.


Haemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) is a condition of premature destruction of red blood cells (RBC) of foetus in uteri and newborns during early neonatal period. This can be immune or non-immune mediated. The commonest underlying reason of the former is transplacental passage of IgG Antibodies produced by sensitized mother and directed against Rhesus, ABO or other antigens on foetal RBCs. Of these, Isoimmunisation with Rh-D antigen causes the most severe form of HDN. A history of previously affected foetus or infant in Rh-negative mother predicts a high chance of similar or greater morbidity in future pregnancies with Rh-positive foetus.1


Purpose. – The main objective was to assess contributions and limits of surgical clips combined with computed tomography to define the tumor bed after conservative treatment of breast cancer. This retrospective observational study enrolled 16 patients treated by lumpectomy with surgical clips placed in the tumor bed. urgical clips


The worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) can provide wireless services at high rates even in high mobility, but it can suffer from serious inter-cell interference (ICI) near the cell boundary. To mitigate the ICI problem in the downlink of mobile-WiMAX, we consider combined use of interference avoidance and cancellation techniques in addition to inter-sector coordination, maximizing the user capacity in a seamless manner. To make the proposed scheme realizable, we maximize the geometry capacity. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the capacity of users near the cell boundary over the conventional schemes and provide flexibility in resource allocation


The strength of shell structures is mainly determined by their ability to resist buckling. However, the presence of geometric imperfections – a condition which the geometry is no longer the same as the original condition – significantly deteriorates the critical load and often leads to catastrophic failure. Ratio between the actual critical buckling load to the theoretical prediction is called knockdown factor. The study aims to analyse the critical buckling load on spherical dome elastic shells under various geometric imperfections. This study was conducted into several thicknesses (10, 16, 20, 37, 50 mm) and fixed base radius of 4000 mm. Analyses of linear buckling and nonlinear static are performed and aided with finite element program using MIDAS FEA. The result of this study reveals that the critical buckling load decreases sharply in the beginning of imperfection, then reach for quite slow progression until a constant value of Kd = 0.1. In addition, the higher minimum knockdown factor is obtained as the shell thickness increases.


Summary: This article was an attempt to assess the financial condition of ten companies operating in the computer and peripheral sector. The assessment was made by three methods of the point method of risk assessment. At the end of the work, the author included a summary and drew conclusions that five of ten of the analyzed companies were at good financial standing but the other five were weak financially in 2016. On the basis of the results from the sample of ten enterprises, it was found that the financial situation of enterprises was good or weak although in a few cases the deterioration of financial condition was noticeable in 2016. The presented methods similarly reflect the financial situation of enterprises, whereby the modified point method of credit risk assessment classifies entities least rigorously.


A description is given of some fine structural features of mature spermatozoa from the bush baby (Galago senegalensis), the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) and man, with additional comments on sperm from the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) and the crab-eating macaque (Macaca irus). The arrangement of the sperm organelles in these primates is similar to that demonstrated in the sperm of other mammals, but notable species differences do occur. The bush baby spermatozoon, for instance, displays a complex system of membranes which envelop the neck and anterior midpiece. The human spermatozoon, unlike that of many other mammals, has no subacrosomal space or "perforatorium." This structure is quite prominent, however, in lorisoid and macaque spermatozoa, and it is shown in the bush baby that its electron-dense material extends posteriorly from the apex of the head in the space between the inner acrosome and nuclear membranes. In electron microscope preparations of anthropoid spermatozoa, the cell membrane which overlies the acrosome cap only occasionally displays the swollen distorted form seen commonly here in the spermatozoa of prosimiae, and previously in various other mammals.

In contrast to the uniform spermatozoa obtained from the lorisoid and macaque monkeys, a significant proportion of spermatozoa in the human samples examined showed many abnormal features including misshapen sperm nuclei, cystic formations in the rostral region of the acrosome cap, and irregular alignment of mitochondria in the neck and midpiece.


During the process of network information resources configuration,there might appear inequity phenomena due to various reasons,such as economic and concepts emerging inequities.The paper has analyzed the reason from the angle of distribution main-body and distribution elements,and put forward solution programs.


Device for obtaining tissue from aerodigestive tract is provided. The device may have an internal fold and the external fold, and a tissue collection surface for collecting a tissue sample from a body lumen, such as the nose or throat. The present invention uses a device such as described herein, also to a method for collecting tissue samples.


Abstract We consider the Kisin variety associated to an n-dimensional absolutely irreducible mod p Galois representation ρ¯{\bar{\rho}} of a p-adic field K together with a cocharacter μ. Kisin conjectured that the Kisin variety is connected in this case. We show that Kisin's conjecture holds if K is totally ramified with n=3{n=3} or μ is of a very particular form. As an application, we get a connectedness result for the deformation ring associated to ρ¯{\bar{\rho}} of given Hodge–Tate weights. We also give counterexamples to show Kisin's conjecture does not hold in general.


The Shallow Grass Community and the Sink Clock Community are two important and influential communities in 'the May Fourth' New Culture Movement.For a long time there has been much debate over the relationship between the two communities in the academic circle.By comparing the founders,writing styles and the adapted material of the two communities,together with the statements made by members of the two communities,this paper holds the view that the two communities are two independent communities.


To study ultrasound's attenuation law propagating in shale, we first tested the attenuation rate of ultrasound in air and shale by assembling an experimental device by ourselves. The experimentally measured ultrasonic attenuation coefficient in the air is close to the value obtained from most kinds of literature, so our self-assembled practical device is very reliable. By fitting the experimental data, we found that the average attenuation coefficient of ultrasound in the air is 0.0258 dB/m. The average attenuation coefficient in shale is 0.0657 dB/m. As the ultrasonic power increases, the attenuation coefficient of ultrasound gradually increases. Through calculation and analysis using the ultrasonic intensity formula, we found that the effective propagation distance of ultrasound in shale is about 1.2 m.


The formation of charge density waves in solids was originally proposed as a possible mechanism for superconductivity by Froehlich. Although the experimentally discovered materials with charge density waves (CDW)s are found to have finite resistivity as a result of impurity pinning, they nevertheless reveal many interesting features including motion which is analogous to a resistively shunted Josephson junction of superconductors. The noise spectrum of CDW systems is reviewed with particular emphasis on interactions with normal as well as magnetic impurities. Future prospects for observing an amplitude variation of the noise signals induced by a magnetic field are proposed.


Protonation of both the ground and the excited states of trans-NRe(R 2 PCH 2 CH 2 PR 2 ) 2 Cl + has been shown to occur in HCl solution (R=Me). The product is the imido complex trans-HNRe(R 2 PCH 2 CH 2 PR 2 ) 2 Cl 2+ . Titration of the ground and excited states yields apparent pK values of ca. -1.0 and 4.5, respectively, demonstrating a profound increase in bascisity in the excited state. This change, which can be rationalized by a simple orbital diagram, is due to an increase in electron density at the nitride nitrogen in the excited state


Niacin reduces plasma atherogenic apolipoprotein B (apoB)‐containing lipoproteins. To further understand if part of the mechanism of the VLDL‐lowering effect is on secretion of apoB‐containing lipoproteins, we isolated primary hepatocytes from Apobec1−/ − mice, which, like human liver, express apoB100 only. Niacin was well tolerated by hepatocytes showing no hepatotoxicity up to 100 mM. Metabolic labeling and pulse‐chase studies showed that niacin increased intracellular apoB100 degradation by 30%, decreased VLDL secretion from hepatocytes by 40%. These effects were found depend on medium supplementation of nicotinamide, the amide of niacin, which supplies sufficient NAD biosynthesis. The nicotinamide supplementation resulted in a dose‐dependent increase of apoB100 secretion and recovery, suggesting that adequate cellular NAD level is important for maximum VLDL secretion and a critical condition for niacin‐induced apoB100 degradation. Intraperitoneal niacin administration to Apobec1−/− mice caused a 40% decrease in the hepatic VLDL‐triglyceride production rate in vivo. Taken together, these data suggest that niacin decreases apoB100 and VLDL secretion from hepatocytes. The molecular mechanism responsible for these effects of niacin on the assembly and secretion steps of apoB100‐containing lipoprotein is under further investigation. Supported by grants from the NIH (HL58541) and Merck & Co., Inc.


Summary A simple and rapid technic for performing the Rosenthal-White bromsulphalein liver function test on rats and mice is described. The test gives a roughly quantitative estimate of the degree of liver damage and since it can be repeated on the same animal it is of use in following the progress or regression of liver disturbances.


Context: Cigarette tobacco ingredients may alter the distribution of chemical constituents present in smoke. When considering the toxicological relevance of potential ingredient-related effects on chemical and biological measurements assessing cigarette smoke toxicity, it is critical to understand the intrinsic variability of tobacco and cigarette smoke that is influenced by the environmental conditions during growing, agricultural practices during preparation, cigarette manufacturing tolerances, and stability of the assay methods. Objective: To understand possible effects of ingredients on cigarette smoke toxicity, various chemical and biological endpoints were measured in smoke from experimental cigarettes (added ingredient) to the intrinsic variability of control cigarettes (no added ingredient). Materials and methods: Data were collected during a multi-year program testing a variety of cigarette ingredients from several chemical classes. Chemical analysis of mainstream cigarette smoke,and biological procedures (Salmonella mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and smoke inhalation) were performed using validated and controlled laboratory methods. The within-study and temporal variation of control cigarettes manufactured in parallel with experimental cigarettes was calculated and used to measure intrinsic variability. Results: The overwhelming majority of data generated from experimental cigarettes fell within the experiment variability represented by the pooled standard error of the entire multi-year dataset for the control cigarettes. Conclusion: The results of this evaluation add to a growing body of the literature regarding a weight of evidence assessment of cigarette ingredient toxicity. When assessed against the variability of assay methodology, natural agricultural change, and manufacturing control, the ingredients studied here demonstrated little relevant influence on the mainstream cigarette smoke toxicity endpoints measured.


Abstract New cis-N-alkyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones were prepared in moderate to good yields via phosgenation of erythro-1,2-aminoalcohol monoesters, accompanied by formation of aziridine by-products. On the other hand, their regioisomers trans-N-alkyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones were prepared regio- and stereoselectively in good yields by ring expansion of trans-N-alkyl aziridine-2-carboxylates. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Internet of things (IoT) devices are appearing in all aspects of our digital life. As such, they have become prime targets for attackers and hackers. An adequate protection against attacks is only possible when the confidentiality and integrity of the data and applications of these devices are secured. State-of-the-art solutions mostly address software and network attacks, but overlook physical/hardware attacks. Such attacks can still exploit software vulnerabilities or even introduce them. In this paper, we present embedded memory security (EMS); it protects against physical tampering of the memory of IoT devices. As a case study, we have equipped a RISC-V based system-on-chip (SoC) with an EMS module. Our experimental results show that EMS successfully can protect the SoC against hardware tampering attacks, while having a low performance overhead.