I.M. Low, N. Duraman, J. Fulton, N. Tezuka Materials Research Group, Dept. of Applied Physics, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA 6845, Australia I.J. Davies Materials Research Group, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA 6845, Australia ABSTRACT The structure-property relationship in human adult and baby teeth was characterised by grazing-incidence synchrotron radiation diffraction, optical and atomic-force microscopy, in addition to Vickers indentation. Similarities and differences between both types of teeth have been highlighted and discussed. The depth profiling of hardness indicated a gradual change in microhardness from the enamel to dentine, thus confirming the graded nature of human teeth. Vickers hardness of the enamel was load-dependent but load-independent in the dentine. The use of a "bonded-interface" technique revealed the nature and evolution of deformation-microfracture damage around and beneath Vickers contacts. INTRODUCTION Biological materials exhibit many levels of hierarchical structures from macroscopic to microscopic length scales, with the smallest building blocks in biological materials being generally designed at the nano-scale with nanometer-sized hard inclusions embedded in a soft protein matrix.


Low-latitude VLF hiss was observed at dawn time at Moshiri (L = 1.6) and Kagoshima (L = 1.2), Japan during 20h00m UT to 23h30m UT on October 20, associated with the severe magnetic storm (Kp = 8) during October 19-21, 1989. The VLF hiss with a band-limited spectrum exhibited an increase of frequency (fmax) of the maximum energy with local time. Based on the quasi-linear model for hiss-type mid-latitude VLF emissions developed by SAZHIN (1984) and using electron density data by EXOS-D satellite, it is estimated that injected electrons of about 5 keV associated with the maximum depression of the magnetic H-component around 13h30m UT on October 20 contribute to the generation of the VLF hiss at dawn time around L = 4.8 of the magnetospheric equatorial region. The plasmapause has been disrupted due to the strong magnetospheric disturbances when the VLF hiss was observed. The increase of fmax may be due to a combined effect of the energy dependences of different drift starting longitudes of the hot electrons injected in the evening sector and of the drift velocities of the electrons encircling the Earth, and a temporal variation of the cold electron density in the generation region at dawn sector. Furthermore it is implied that the VLF hiss has penetrated through the ionosphere at the higher latitude than that of Moshiri and then propagated toward the low-latitude stations in the Earth-ionosphere wave-guide mode.


The dynamic hand skeleton data have become increasingly attractive to widely studied for the recognition of hand gestures that contain 3D coordinates of hand joints. Many researchers have been working to develop skeleton-based hand gesture recognition systems using various discriminative spatial-temporal attention features by calculating the dependencies between the joints. However, these methods may face difficulties in achieving high performance and generalizability due to their inefficient features. To overcome these challenges, we proposed a Multi-branch attention-based graph and a general deep-learning model to recognize hand gestures by extracting all possible types of skeleton-based features. We used two graph-based neural network channels in our multi-branch architectures and one general neural network channel. In graph-based neural network channels, one channel first uses the spatial attention module and then the temporal attention module to produce the spatial-temporal features. In contrast, we produced temporal-spatial features in the second channel using the reverse sequence of the first branch. The last branch extracts general deep learning-based features using a general deep neural network module. The final feature vector was constructed by concatenating the spatial-temporal, temporal-spatial, and general features and feeding them into the fully connected layer. We included position embedding and mask operation for both spatial and temporal attention modules to track the node's sequence and reduce the system's computational complexity. Our model achieved 94.12%, 92.00%, and 97.01% accuracy after evaluation with MSRA, DHG, and SHREC'17 benchmark datasets, respectively. The high-performance accuracy and low computational cost proved that the proposed method outperformed the existing state-of-the-art methods.


The invention relates to a device (100) for processing light radiation (108), comprising at least two reflective optical elements (102, 104) which define a multi-pass cavity (106) such that at least one of said optical elements (102, 104) reflects said light radiation (108) at least twice in at least two different reflection locations. The device is characterized in that it comprises at least one element, referred to as a correction element, having at least one location, referred to as a correction location, which produces a reflection or transmission of said optical radiation and of which the surface is irregular such that the spatial-phase profile of said correction location (116) has a different phase shift for a plurality of different reflection or transmission points at said correction location (116). The invention also relates to a method and to a system for designing such a device (100).


sonal information (Kohn 2021). This could allow supporters to help individuals access and analyze decisionrelevant information without the individual needing to engage in the potentially frustrating and time-consuming process of specifically granting permission to access each source of personal information. For example, individuals seeking help with financial decision-making could authorize supporters to access financial information, and those seeking help with healthcare decisions could authorize broad access to health records when making healthcare ones).


According to the analysis of current English teaching,this paper researches on task-based approach and possibility of multicultural communicative ability training as well as proposes three key points to improve learners' multicultural communicative ability with the approach.


A vector maximum problem arises when more than one scalar-valued objective function is to be maximized simultaneously over a given range of definition. This note considers linear vector maximum problems and shows that each efficient solution of a linear vector maximum problem also satisfies the requirements of a restricted concept of efficiency, the notion of proper efficiency.


The Young Oxford History of Women in the United States is the first multivolume history of the public and private lives of American women over the past four centuries; These books, rich in dramatic incidents and personal details, show the variety and importance of American women's experienvces, demonstrating that the history of our nation cannot be fully understood without focusing on changes in women's lives. Written by distinguished American historians, the books are comprehensive, describing women of varying ethnic backgrounds and economic circumstances. They make extensive use of primary sources and are profusely illustrated. Each book includes a chronology, suggestions for further reading and index.


This paper shows that when a very dirty technology is associated with positive production of a good in an economy then marginal reductions in dirtiness of the technology might lead to an increase in pollution if its consumers are environmentally very aware and a decrease in pollution if consumers are not so. The reason is that environmentally aware consumers perceive a much larger increase in marginal utility from the good after its technology becomes cleaner. An empirical illustration is provided.


The article discusses the preservation of historical memory in the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy and the transfer of teachers' experience to future specialists of the agro-industrial complex. This work uses information from catalogs, exhibitions, expositions of the university, as well as information obtained as a result of interviewing experts-heads of museums. It is shown how the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy pays great attention to the preservation of the continuity of generations. The introduction of students to the cultural heritage, the memory of their ancestors plays an important role in improving the quality of training of agricultural university students. A specialized museum forms many important properties and professionally orients a future specialist. It is in such a museum that a student can get the experience of personal contact with historical reality, samples of culture. He will gain the joint experience with time through a space containing values that have been preserved by historical memory. Eventually to be inspired by the idea of applying the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in practice, in farms. This is especially important in conditions of weak settlement of young specialists in rural areas. The feeling of professional pride does not arise by itself, it is formed gradually by getting acquainted with the cultural heritage. Thus, the museum in an agrarian university carries a heavy burden in the promotion of agrotechnical knowledge and the training of highly qualified agricultural specialists. It is concluded that the historical memory also acts as an important factor in the agriculture development in Udmurtia, contributing to its staffing.


smaller enteroviruses (diameter 28 —30 m/ / ) 9 with a 25 — 30% RNA content10 which have a density of 1.33 — 1.34 g/ml u >12,13. Therefore it could be as sumed that the packing of the double stranded reovirus RNA and its protein coat is somewhat tighter than the packing of single stranded enterovirus RNA and entero virus coat protein, or that the heavy cesium molecules interact with the reovirion, simulating a higher den-


Alexander, bishop of Alexandria (312–328), presided over a church already divided by the Meletian Schism and played an important part in the beginning of the Arian controversy. One of Alexander's predecessors, Peter, had come into conflict with BishopMeletius of Lykopolis when Meletius ordained bishops and priests while Peter was in hiding during persecution. The dispute escalated into a full-fledged schism, which was exacerbated by differences over the treatment of the lapsed. Thus, as Alexander took office, two churches existed in Egypt, a Petrine one and a Meletian one, each with its own hierarchy and network of churches.

Keywords:

CChristianity;
religious history


ABSTRACT A ship is always under the influence of matched as well mismatched uncertainties and external disturbances owing to its operational environment and, therefore, designing an autopilot that offers uniform performance in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances poses a challenging task. In this work, to address the issue, control design based on adaptive backstepping robustified by Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator (UDE) is proposed. The design does not need knowledge of bounds of uncertainties and disturbances and is able to effectively deal with the uncertainties and disturbances. Simulation results show that the performance of the backstepping autopilot is enhanced by combining the backstepping design with the UDE approach.


Nadeem Aslam, Pakistani-born English writer has penned down four novels so far that mirror, crystal clearly, the social problems of Pakistani, either living in the country or abroad. He, even, talks equally well about the predicament, pathetic and appalling condition of women in Afghanistan, the neighboring country.  Thus, the festering issues of women are vividly portrayed in his novels with equal sincerity. Generally speaking, the women in Pakistani-society as well as in Afghanistan fall victim to societal injustice due to a male-dominated, and a patriarchal system of society. Moreover, the sufferings of Pakistani women living in Pakistani community in England have not been alleviated. Thus, Manacles, and shackles remain the same everywhere. Honor killing, sexual harassment, sexual abuse, marriage without consent, gender-discrimination, financial deprivation, psychological, and emotional trauma are the foremost issues of women and have been the fate of the most of them living in Pakistani community. And in Afghanistan's case, it is observed that an educated woman is vulnerable and her awareness is considered as a threat to the religion and social fabric. Nonetheless, the depiction of woman as a sufferer reflects many phases; but it is often seen that the Achilles heels and the wrongdoings of men result in the unearned sufferings for them, and thus, they have to bear unspeakable trauma in countless ways. This paper will finally conclude how women living in Pakistani community and in Afghanistan are being exploited and how they, intensely, experience physical, mental, emotional, and psychological trauma inflicted on them in a patriarchal and a male-dominated society. Keywords: Treatment, predicament, patriarchal, Trauma, Exploitation


In our study, based on the Theoretical Model of Semantic Fields (Lins, 2001), we analysed the production of meaning for 'linear transformation' (LT), aiming at producing elements to support a further reflection on the teaching and the learning of Linear Algebra. As part of the study we have conducted interviews with two students of a first Linear Algebra course (undergraduate mathematics degree), seeking to elicit the meanings they were producing for that notion while engaged in trying to 'talk about' particular (and non-usual for them) LT's presented to them. Two of the aspects considered in the analysis were the meanings being produced (and the kernels thus involved, see Lins 2001) and the texts being produced (notations, diagrams, writing, speech, gestures). For instance, we have found out that the students always tried to find a way to visualise the LT's in question (as one may visualise the usual R as a geometric plane). This study is part of a broader project ('A framework for the mathematics-content courses in the university preparation of mathematics teachers') and aimed at producing elements that allow an adequate reading of the process of meaning production in the classroom, leading to new approaches to deal with students' difficulties and to new approaches to the classroom practices of mathematics professors engaged in mathematics teacher education.


The internet has been used by various circles of society, including Micro, small and medium Enterprises entrepreneurs in the regions. However, the lack of insight and education for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises entrepreneurs causes not optimal use of the internet in supporting business processes in order to increase the profits achieved by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. One of the uses of the internet in business management is digital marketing. Digital Marketing is a form of marketing or promotion of a product using digital media or the internet with the aim of attracting consumers quickly. Based on the results of observations and interviews conducted, it was found that there were problems where MSME actors were still selling products manually and had not done marketing through digital marketing. The implementation method used is training with the aim of increasing the understanding of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises of Traditional Cakes about digital marketing in Junti Kaum Hamlet. The activities include providing counseling on digital marketing to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, training on making digital stores and training in marketing publications. This activity is carried out as a form of community service through Real Work Lectures organized by the 45 Bekasi Islamic University Research and Service Institute.


The RC beam damage induced by blast loading might lead to partial or total collapse of bridges. Improved understanding of damage mechanism of the RC beam under blast loading helps advances in the analysis and assessment of bridge damage effects. In this paper, the damage mechanism of prestressed reinforced concrete (PRC) T-beam under close-in blast loading is investigated numerically with a three-dimensional numerical model. The model is validated by comparing simulating results with the experimental data reported by other researchers. Intensive numerical simulations are then carried out to reproduce the damage process of the T-beam as well as to investigate the damage mode and mechanism of the PRC T-beam components.


The post-partum course was likewise uneventful. Pelvic examination on June 12, 1947, revealed no evidence of the septum. Hysterosalpingography was also done at this time and the uterus and tubes were found to be normal.


Within the activities of a group of representatives of regional and national administration within the ÖROK platform a tool for an Austrian nation-wide analysis of motorised private and public transport supply was developed by AustriaTech and iSPACE. The goal was to create a continuous instrument to minimise the effort of regular updates, to ensure comparability with future analysis and monitor time-related changes and developments. In this context the accessibility of motorised individual and public transport was calculated for whole Austria on the basis of 100x100m grid cells. The flexible design of model enables versatile application possibilities.


The free-formed surface machining using a ball end mill is important and the geometric accuracy of a 3D workpiece is effected by the cutting characteristics. Machining error is defined by the normal distance between designed surface and actual tool path with tool deflection. This is inevitably caused by the tool deflection, tool wear, thermal effect and machine tool errors and so forth. The results will be useful as a guidance for cutting condition to improve the geometrical accuracy of free-formed surface in ball end milling.


This work presents the Virtual Constellation Engine (VCE), a software framework and run-time system designed to facilitate exploration of different remote sensing constellation and sensor web configurations from an on-board processing perspective, using the cloud. Users can launch heterogeneous constellations, describe different on-board processing configurations, and simulate and verify autonomous operations. VCE eases development for applications leveraging complex compute resources and has been demonstrated on Amazon Web Services to provide speedups over 20,000× of state of practice systems.


aspect to be discussed in future studies, examining the activities and policies of international development partners. Recent studies conducted under the DFID-IMF collaboration document evidence that multilateral development banks played key roles in catalyzing private financial flows (Broccolini and others 2020) and providing financing to borrowers with high credit risks (Gurara, Presbitero, and Sarmiento 2020), both of which have distributional implications.


We study the existence of weak solution for unsteady fluid-structure interaction problem for shear-thickening flow. The time dependent domain has at one part a flexible elastic wall. The evolution of fluid domain is governed by the generalized string equation with action of the fluid forces. The power law viscosity model is applied to describe shear-dependent non-Newtonian fluids. keywords: non-Newtonian fluids, fluid-structure interaction, shear-thinning fluids, shear-thickening fluids, hemodynamics, existence of weak solution 1 Mathematical model Consider a two-dimensional fluid motion governed by the momentum and the continuity equation ρ∂tv + ρ (v · ∇)v − div [2μ(|e(v)|)e(v)] + ∇π = 0 (1.1) divv = 0 with ρ denoting the constant density of fluid, v = (v1, v2) the velocity vector, π the pressure, e(v) = 1 2(∇v + ∇vT ) the symmetric deformation tensor and μ the viscosity of the fluid. We assume that fluid is obeying the nonNewtonian shear-dependent model, cf. [23, 28, 29, 39]. A typical example is the following power-law model μ(|e(v)|) = μ(1 + |e(v)|) p−2 2 p > 1, (1.2) see also Section 3.1 for a more general description of the considered nonNewtonian model. Note that according to the parameter p, the non-Newtonian fluid is either shear-thinning (p < 2) or shear-thickening (p ≥ 2). Models for fluids with the shear-dependent viscosity are used in many areas of engineering science such as geophysics, glaciology, polymer mechanics, blood or


High harmonic generation (HHG) is by now a well established technique [1,2] to generate coherent radiation in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region. Its main hinderance for widespread applications in e.g. absorption spectroscopy or time-resolved biological imaging is the low photon yield. We propose a technique which increases the photon yield by several orders of magnitude and is applicable over a wide photon energy range. Especially the cutoff region is enhanced by adding a DC electric field periodically in space along the HHG interaction region [3]. The physical mechanism is the disruption of symmetry of the nonlinear microscopic response by altering the resulting driving field in one polarization direction. Tailoring the geometry of the interaction volume, the strength of the driving field and the length of the zones over which the static field is added, the out-of-phase propagating regions can be optimally altered to induce a collective phase-matched conversion process. Figure 1 shows results from 3D calculations [4]. Figure 1(a) shows enhancement at the 100 eV photon energy range as well as for the water window (b). The conventional case for HHG without additional quasistatic field is shown by the black line. Adding the quasistatic field increases the harmonic yield and the amount of increase and spectral position clearly depends on the periodicity for a given and constant field strength. I.e. an optimum choice of field parameters exists for enhancement of a given photon energy via HHG. Figure 1(a) shows enhancement for HHG with a laser pulse linearly polarized with Gaussian temporal and spatial distributions of 5 fs and 40 µm diameter of focus (FWHM), central wavelength of 800 nm and peak intensity at focus 7×1014 W/cm2. This pulse propagates from the focus into the interaction medium (Neon atoms at 20 mbar) producing high-order harmonic enhancement with a photon energy cutoff at approximately 154 eV. Figure 1(b) shows that enhancement is also achievable in the water window spectral region with an appropriate adjustment of pulse peak intensity (3×1015 W/cm2), field parameters (1.12 MV/cm) and period (Δs=32 µm) in doubly ionized Ne at 20 mbar.


In the 80's, Cold War came to an end. Since then, the military has been called to intervene, with several different kinds of forces and in a wide range of circumstances and places, with the purpose of reducing normative international conflicts borne out of exacerbated nationalisms and cultural identities. Interventions of the kind take place in a multicentric world where the use of authority and dialogue are extremely difficult, and in a time marked by a strong opposition to armed forces. These premises constitute the guidelines for the reflections presented here. Our aim is to underline the importance of leadership training for future military leaders. Starting with a sample of leadership definitions, which suggest a wide range of different perspectives on this theme, the relevance of leadership research and theories as well as of the most critical aspects for its comprehension and exercise are emphasized. This presentation ends by highlighting the need of formal education and instruction and training aimed to the development of several skills that will enable the military leader to be a more "humanistic leader", increasing the credibility of their actions .


Science conquers experience by finding the most succinct explanations to which experience can be forced to yield. Progress marches on the invention of simple ways to handle complicated situations. When a person tries to answer a test item the situation is potentially complicated. Many forces might influence the outcome-too many to be named in a workable theory of the person's response. To arrive at a workable position, we must invent a simple conception of what we are willing to suppose happens, do our best to write items and test persons so that their interaction is governed by this conception and then impose its statistical consequences upon the data to see if the invention can be made useful.


LATE PREGNANCY LOSS: ASPECTS FACED BY WOMEN AND PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIORS IN THIS SITUATION The present study aimed to identify the main issues faced by women following pregnancy loss, as well as to discuss about the psychologist's role in these situations. Twelve patients aged between 20 and 39 years old that suffered late pregnancy loss were interviewed. The procedure to analyze data obtained was based on Content Analysis. Some of the categories that emerged were: dealing with death and grief, dealing with procedures related to death, decision about seeing the dead baby, decisions about having other children, ambivalence about going home and the importance of the relatives' presence along the process of the loss. The article presents a discussion about these aspects, pointing out the role of the hospital's professionals immediately after the pregnancy loss.


The efficiency of early selection was assessed in a test of 94 Eucalyptus urophylla clones using the variables diameter at breast height and tree height, evaluated in the municipality of Guanhães – Minas Gerais. The procedure Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) was used to estimate genetic parameters. The direct and indirect gains by early selection were also estimated at age three years for a response at age six; when the 5 best clones were selected when compared to the experimental controls,. The individual coefficients of broad-sense heritability were 53% and 58%, in the two years of evaluation. The predicted gains by early selection at age three years were in agreement of 97.9% for DBH and 95.7% for tree height in relation with the results after six years growth. When selecting at a rate of 5%; 80% of the selected plants were the same in the selection for DAP and 60% for plant height, in the selection at both ages. This finding shows that this procedure is reliable for E. urophylla and can be recommended to be used more routinely in eucalyptus breeding programs, to maximize the efficiency of the extremely time and cost-consuming breeding experiments.


Optimization of the higher order moments—specifically the squareness—of a tokamak cross-section can significantly enhance the stability to ideal magnetohydrodynamic ballooning and kink modes. At conventional aspect ratios, it is shown that access to the second regime of ballooning stability is facilitated by moderate squareness. In a low aspect ratio, fully bootstrap current driven spherical torus, optimization of the squareness results in an increase in β of the order of 10%, leading to a configuration stable to ballooning, axisymmetric, and ideal n⩽5 kink modes at β≃67%.


Background: Large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGLL) is one type of chronic lymphocytic proliferative disorders, which commonly manifests as infiltration of large granular lymphocytes in both peripheral blood and bone marrow. LGLL now includes two entities with similar clinical course, treatment strategy and outcomes: T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cells. The standard therapy for LGLL is still elusive. Here, we presented the efficacy and safety of combinatorial oral immunoregulatory regimen thalidomide, prednisone, and methotrexate (TPM regimen) in a prospective phase 2 clinical trial. Methods: We designed this phase 2 investigator-initiated clinical trial (NCT04453345) to evaluate the clinical response and safety of the combination of thalidomide, prednisone, and methotrexate in symptomatic treatment naïve LGLL patients. The TPM regimen includes thalidomide 50-100mg per night, prednisone 0.5-1.0mg/kg qod and methotrexate 10mg/m2 per week. This regimen will be administrated for up to 12 months until disease progression or intolerable. Then, thalidomide maintenance will continue for another year or until intolerance. Meanwhile, we set Cyclosporin A (CsA) alone or plus steroids as control. Treatment dosage for CsA was 3-5mg/Kg/day with or without steroids (prednisone) 0.5-1 mg/Kg/day. The primary endpoint of this study was the complete response rate. Results: From Aug 2013, to Jan 2020, twenty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up time was 26 months (range: 7-96). Twenty-five patients (89%) achieved hematologic and symptomatic response. Among them, 21 patients (75%) achieved complete response (CR) and four patients achieved partial response. The median time to best clinical response was 6 months (2-18). The 3-years progression-free-survival (PFS) rate was 90%, and 3-years overall survival (OS) rate was 92%. The median PFS time was not reached in TPM group. The curative effect was better for TPM treatment group, both for overall response (OR) (TPM 89% (25/28) vs CsA 49% (49/99), P=0.000) and CR (TPM 75% (21/28) vs CsA 20% (20/99), P=0.000). Adverse events were uncommon, two patients had grade 1-2 nausea and one had grade 3 nausea. Two patients had grade 1-2 constipation and one patient experienced grade 1-2 peripheral neuritis. Conclusion: The efficacy of this TPM regimen is higher than the history reports with limited adverse events. The multiple-center clinical trial has been initiated to validate this conclusion.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


General Music Program • • • • •• Publications for Junior High School • • Choral Music by Irvin Cooper • • • • 89


The El Minia governorate lies within the Nile Valley, surrounded by calcareous plateaus to the east and west. The present study focuses on the hydrogeochemistry of the Eocene limestone aquifer at some wadis in the east El Minia governorate, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Hydrogeologically, two main aquifers are encountered in the study area, namely the Maghagha marly limestone and the Samalut chalky limestone aquifers. The Maghagha aquifer is composed of alternating layers of marly limestone and shale with thicknesses ranging from 3.49 m to 177.05 m and a groundwater depth ranging from 8.5 m to 59.27 m which reflects low groundwater potentiality. The groundwater salinity representing this aquifer ranges from 603.5 mg/L to 978.5 mg/L, reflecting fresh water type. Samalut aquifer is made up of chalky, cavernous and fractured limestone with thickness ranging from 30 m to 205 m and groundwater depth ranging from 9 m to 86.77 m, which indicates good groundwater potential. The groundwater salinity of the concerned aquifer ranges from 349.7 mg/L to 2043.9 mg/L, reflecting fresh to possibly brackish water types. Groundwater in the study area is of meteoric water origin; recent recharge is mainly controlled through the presence of fractures and their densities. The majority of groundwater samples in the study area are suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.


ABSTRACT While trauma experiences have been explored in several sport-related research studies, there is a lack of research on athletes' experiences of a terror attack in sport. The present study examined the meanings 2013 Boston Marathoners ascribed to their experience of returning to the Boston Marathon to compete. Eight participants took part in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analysed via interpretative phenomenological analysis. Seven themes emerged and were organised temporally around 2013 Boston Marathon experience and post-2013 Boston Marathon experience. Results suggest participants initially had difficulty processing their experience, but a return resulted in a changed perspective on the sport. Results also suggest returning to the Boston Marathon provided an outlet for some participants to demonstrate their defiance to the attackers, display resilience, and achieve a goal they could not in 2013. Implications for practitioners are discussed, with a focus on athletes' idiosyncratic responses to trauma experiences and how to best serve clients who have experienced trauma in sport.


ABSTRACT Theoretical value of discharge for orifice flow in a gated Ogee spillway was computed using U.S.B.R. and Sinniger equations. Experimental values were found to be substantially different from the theoretical values. Pressure correction factor found to be a function of both head and gate openings, was calculated by least square curve fitting. Discrepancy between theoretical and experimental values of discharge were reduced substantially with the introduction of the pressure coefficient Cp.


The thermodynamic behavior of systems with long range interactions is anomalous, because there are some problems about defining the thermodynamic limit. A way to solve the problem is to use scaled thermodynamic quantities. In this work, we use a nonextensive scaling into Hamiltonian and characterize transitions between two different magnetic ordering phases. The critical temperature is estimated by Binder method. Ferromagnetic long range interactions are included in a special Hamiltonian through a power law that decays at large interparticle distance r as r for α ≥ 0. In addition, we improve the known nonextensive scaling and obtain the critical temperature for several values of α. As the space dimension of a physical system decreases, magnetic ordering tends to vanish as fluctuations become relatively more important. This reason induced for a long time to specialists not to take interest in systems in one dimension. However, due to several theoretical and practical aspects, which appeared in physical properties of the systems in one dimension, carried to specialists to change such attitude [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] Microscopic anomalies, for instance anisotropy properties lead to some important modifications to the thermodynamic properties of systems. Then, ferromagnetism in one dimension has been reported and it is thought that anisotropy barriers are responsible in that novel effect[8]. Recently, the Gibbs potential of a one-dimensional metal at constant magnetization to second order is calculated, in the screened electron-electron interaction. At zero temperature, it is found a possible paramagnetic-ferromagnetic quantum phase transition in one-dimensional metals, that must be first order [9]. Moreover, transitions between two different magnetic ordering phases are obtained as a result of ferromagnetic long-range interactions, which have been included in a special Hamiltonian through a power law that decays at large interparticle distance. It is shown that if the range of interactions decreases, the trend of the critical temperature disappears, but if the range of interactions increases, the trend of the critical temperature approaches to the mean field approximation. The crossover between these two limiting situations is discussed. The critical XV Chilean Physics Symposium, 2006 IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 134 (2008) 012030 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/134/1/012030 c © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd 1 temperature has been estimated through Monte Carlo simulations by the Binder method [10]. The main aim in the present work is two fold: (i) To obtain the critical temperature between two states of different magnetic ordering in a spin2 Ising linear chain, where the range of interactions is, at least, comparable to the size of the chain. (ii) To improve the according to a modofication in the known nonextensive scaling. It is well known that there is a state of magnetic ordering in the mean field approximation. This approximation focuses on a single particle and assumes that the most important contribution to the interaction of such particle with all particles is determined by the mean field due to the other particles. The configuration with lowest energy is one in which the spins are totally aligned. Before, it was explained that no magnetic ordering is observed for finite range of interaction (e.g., first neighbors); now we illustrate the behavior of the system between infinite and finite range of interactions through a generic power law decaying as 1/rα, where r is the distance between two particles and 0 ≤ α < ∞, (α = 0 and α → ∞ close respectively to mean field and to independent spin approximations). Hence, the main question that we try to answer in the present work is "How does the critical temperature depend really on the range of the interaction?" We enter the present discussion by revisiting some fundamental facts about the nonextensive thermodynamics that systems with long-range interactions show. This way is useful to scale thermodynamic quantities, which depend strongly on the size of the system whose microscopic interactions are long-range. The explicit form of the Tsallis scaling appears by evaluating approximately the internal energy per particle. With this intention, we take into account interparticle potentials v(r) with an attractive tail that decays as


Provided is a tetraphenylbacteriochlorin derivative represented by the formula (I): Awherein R , R , R and R , independently from each other, are a residue of a monosaccharide represented by the formulae: (wherein, R is a hydrogen or a protecting group)U, or its salt. The tetraphenylbacteriochlorin derivative or its salt has a large molar extinction coefficient at long wavelengths which are expected to have a high tissue-penetrating property, and exhibits high selectivity to tumor cells and hydrophilicity.


"The strength of a manager lies in his ability to fuse together official authority and personal authority," said Comrade K. U. Chernenko at a meeting with voters. "Party and state cadres gain the sympathy and respect of the masses first and foremost through their lively social activity, they do so with their energy and their knowledge, their personal example and behavior, which is free from all that offends a person's moral sensibility."


Having just reread Susan Holmes' 'Eating for recovery' (features July 4), I am compelled to write and add my voice to your Nutrition Now campaign. I am just about to start the third year of my adult nursing degree and my dissertation will be on the nutrition of patients with dementia.


The physiological mechanism of the control of feeding is analyzed in the light of the ischymetric hypothesis which proposes that feeding is controlled by the intensity of the metabolism free from the energetic cost of muscular effort. This part of the metabolism was designated metabolisme de fond. To measure metabolisme de fond in relation to feeding a specific metabolic device has been developed. It was shown that metabolisme de fond decreased before meals, either spontaneously or experimentally induced. Metabolisme de fond reached its zenith when the meal ended; i.e. metabolisme de fond is an excellent predictor of feeding responses.


The acquisition, interpretation and presentation of a large amount of data on maps are one of the key factor of corporate success. Special features of digital mapping have been developed with a view to meeting engineers, researchers and executives increased need for information. A comprehensive report on available feature, is merited in this issue


The author addresses two critical questions related to technology: How has students' use of technology influenced student affairs work? How do we best align our business practices with advances in information technology?


A simple semiclassical optical model is found to simulate accurately some results of recent three-dimensional quantum mechanical treatments of H + H/sub 2/ reactive scattering. The model postulates two-body central force trajectories with hard-sphere interactions for both reactants and products and invokes a specular reflection approximation to link these trajectories. The product scattering angle theta is thereby related to the reactant impact parameter b and the sphere radius by b approx. = R cos (theta/2). The differential reaction cross section, I/sub r/(theta, E), thus becomes isomorphous with the reaction probability, P/sub r/(b, E), and the I/sub r/ in equilibrium P/sub r/ transformation becomes independent of E, the collision energy. The quantum results for two potential surfaces obey this relationship equally well, and the appropriate sphere radius R is the same for both surfaces and for the distorted wave and exact quantum scattering treatments. Another version of the optical model analysis uses the isomorphism between I/sub r/(theta, E) and P/sub r/(b, E) to extract the deflection function theta(b) without presuming a functional form. The results again confirm the utility of the specular reflection approximation for the wide-angle or rebound scattering with theta greater than or equal to 90/sup 0/. 3 figures.


The present invention relates to a display method and apparatus of the content information among the computer art. To display the details information, when displaying a lock screen interface of the terminal, the method comprising the step of obtaining the current geographical position of the terminal, and a current geographical location is detected whether or not the position within the display range of the notification information with, and the current If the geographic location to be located within the display range of the notification information, and a step of displaying the information content of the notification on the screen, the lock interface. If the display screen lock interface of the terminal, if the current geographical position of the terminal located within the display range of any of the notifications, the information on the basis of only the notification time of the related art by displaying the information content of the notification on the screen, the lock interface when notification solve the problem that certain localized is valid, and to allow for effective notifications in the display range is set, and improved the effect of the frequency of notifications.


We report on the growth of microcrystalline Si and (Si,Ge) films and devices on polyimide substrates. The films and devices were grown using remote plasma CVD process using a remote, low pressure ECR reactor. The substrates were Mo coated polyimide. The devices were of the p-n-n+ type. The crystalline quality of the films was determined using Raman measurements. Novel buffer layers were used to increase the voltage in the device. The devices show excellent voltages, fill factors and quantum efficiency.


This study tests the performance of leading banks of India during the financial year 2008-2009. The year 2008-2009 was chosen as this year faced the greatest financial crisis in the human history. The banks selected for study are the top ten banks rated as per the Business today KPMG survey and includes Axis Bank, Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of Baroda, HDFC bank, Indian Bank, Federal Bank, Corporation Bank, Union Bank of India and Citibank. Performance of these banks were tested with the help of eight performance parameters like Operating Profit , Net Interest Income, Cost to Income Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Net NPA's, Deposit growth, Return on Assets and Return on Capital Employed. This study helps to know the strength and weakness of each bank. It also sheds light on the performance of the Indian Banking Industry during financial recession.


The study examined the "Major Factors Inhibiting the Growth of Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Church in Cross River State". In order to achieve this, four (4) purpose of the study was considered, data were collected from the field-work and the study employed sociological, statistical, historical and theological methods in analyzing its data. From the test conducted on this study, it is evident that the following factors are major factors that contribute to the low growth rate of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Cross River State. They include: Religio-cultural factors; Socio-economic factors; Religious factors; Religio-political factors; Economic factor. Hence, the recommendations emanating from this research focused on the organization of SDA Church in Cross River State into functional units. This recommended organization can be understood through the under-listed terms; Discipling Paradigm; Community Service/Evangelism; Operation Win


Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are increasingly used in aerospace applications due to its superior mechanical properties and reduced weight. Adhesive bonding is commonly used to join the composite parts since it is capable of joining incompatible or dissimilar components. However, insufficient adhesive or contamination in the adhesive bonds might occur and pose as threats to the integrity of the plane during service. It is thus important to look for suitable nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques to detect and characterize the sub-surface defects within the CFRP composites. Some of the common NDT techniques include ultrasonic techniques and thermography. In this work, we report the use of the abovementioned techniques for improved interpretation of the results.


Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is a worthy biodegradable thermoplastic polyester for blending along with other biopolymers, especially with poly (lactic acid) (PLA), to overcome its inadequacies in mechanical and thermal characteristics. Since binary blends of PLA and PBS showed that they are incompatible, compatibilization is required. In this work, multi‐epoxide polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (Glycidyl POSS) was added to PLA and PBS using the melt blending method to make them compatible. The blends were prepared at different weight ratios having different amounts of compatibilizer. SEM analysis showed that the Glycidyl POSS impacted the interfacial adhesion and other properties of PLA and PBS blends. Noticeable improvements in mechanical properties were revealed by tensile and impact test results. Tensile strength and Young's modulus were improved when epoxy‐POSS was added up to 1 and 3 wt% into ternary blends, but further increasing POSS concentrations resulted in lower values. FTIR analysis showed a strong interaction between the epoxide group of POSS and the end groups of PBS or PLA. The thermal properties of samples were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The shifts in glass transition temperatures of the PLA phase towards lower values appeared in DSC, confirming the enhanced compatibility of PLA and PBS. Also, the reinforcing ability of the POSS inorganic core structure impacted the thermal stability of the blends.


Wild ginger is a medicinal plant which belongs to Zingeberaceae family. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of coughs, colds, flu, malaria and menstrual disorders. However, the plant is at the verge of extinction due to unsustainable harvesting practices. The objective of this study was to develop in vitro micro-propagation protocol for the wild ginger. The MS media with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg L -1 BAP, 2.0 mg L -1 BAP + 0.5 mg L -1 NAA, and 2.0 mg L -1 BAP + 1.0 mg L -1 NAA, were evaluated on leaf, corm and root explants for in vitro shoot regeneration via direct organogenesis. In vitro rooting was investigated on half strength MS medium augmented with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg L -1 NAA. Corm explants were significantly more effective in direct shoot regeneration in vitro than the leaf and root explants which neither regenerated shoots nor formed callus. The 1.0 mg L -1 BAP produced shoots which were significantly higher in number and longer than those from other treatments. However, there was no significant difference between 1.0 and 0.5 mg L -1 BAP. There was also no significant difference between the PGR-free MS medium and 0.5 mg L -1 BAP. No shoots were observed on 2.0 mg L -1 BAP, and on either of the combination of BAP and NAA. The half strength MS medium was effective on in vitro rooting, with no significant differences among the NAA concentrations on rooting percentage, number of roots and root length. From the results of this trial, it can be recommended that corm explants be used for direct shoot regeneration of wild ginger in vitro, with BAP of up to 1.0 mg L -1 , and be rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with NAA of up to 2.0 mg L -1 .


This article discusses common problems with reliability and availability of ICT services, mainly in mobile networks. Internet access-related services have been examined and traditional service quality assessment methods have been compared with the proposed solutions, with the primary focus placed on availability and reliability of mobile services. The required parameter values describing reliability and quality levels have been defined and proposed. Keywords—reliability, ICT mobile services, user satisfaction.


Alternative use of fly ash mortar of lime paste mixed configuration,a large number of experimental data by contrast,mortar and easy to identify and meet the strength to meet the reasonable requirements of mixing ratio,and the standard conservation and the conservation of natural conditions,were detected Mortar retention and mobility of the strength of the same age period,in line with norms and use requirements,lime paste substitute fly ash obtained after the compressive strength of mortar mixed,summed up the fly ash cement mortar strength of growth.In addition,in the mixed mortar to identify the most suitable fly ash mixing ratio and the change of intensity.


The Black-Scholes theory of option pricing has been considered for many years as an important but very approximate zeroth-order description of actual market behavior. We generalize the functional form of the diffusion of these systems and also consider multi-factor models including stochastic volatility. Daily Eurodollar futures prices and implied volatilities are fit to determine exponents of functional behavior of diffusions using methods of global optimization, Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA), to generate tight fits across moving time windows of Eurodollar contracts. These short-time fitted distributions are then developed into long-time distributions using a robust non-Monte Carlo path-integral algorithm, PATHINT, to generate prices and derivatives commonly used by option traders.


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Philip Hefner identifies three settings in which to assess the future of science and religion: the academy, the public sphere, and the faith community. This essay argues that the discourse of science and religion could improve its standing within the secular academy in America by shifting the focus from theology to history. In the public sphere, the science-and-religion discourse could play an important role of promoting tolerance and respect toward the religious Other. For a given faith community (for example, Judaism) the discourse of science and religion can ensure future intellectual depth by virtue of study and ongoing interpretation. The essay challenges the suggestion to adopt irony as a desirable posture for science-and-religion discourse.


Ethyl 4-oxoalkanoates 1 react at ambient temperature in dry methanol in the presence of molecular sieve 3 A in almost quantitative yield with 3-aminopropanol and 2-aminoethanol to form the bicyclic lactams rac-2 and rac-3, respectively. Surprisingly, the (±)-5-alkyl-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-8-ones rac-3a–d dimerize in trichloromethane saturated with 2 N HCl to the ten-membered heterocycles 4a–d. The structures of the substituted 1,6-dioxa-3,8-diazacyclodecanes 4a and 4c have been determined by an X-ray crystal analysis.


The paper presents the orientation detection method of spherical motor based on machine vision to solve the problem about the measurement of the rotor position. A camera is used to capture the image of the rotor painted with special pattern. The position information of the rotor can be derived by analyzing the image. The model of the measurement system is simulated in OpenGL and the measurement errors of the system when rotor rotates around single axis and multi-axis are analyzed in detail. The paper also introduces a new structure of spherical motor. Using nonlinear dynamic model and PD control algorithm, simulation of the desired motion is carried out. The simulation results provide reference for motion control research and spherical design.


For all orientations of the external constant magnetic field relative to the graphite plate c-axis the line width of graphite conduction ESR (CESR) signal increases first with decreasing temperature, forms a distinct peak at ~20 K and then falls off. Up to the present, the nature of this peculiarity of graphite CESR line width temperature dependence was not clear. In this work we show that a low temperature peak in the curve of CESR line width temperature dependence appears if the surface spin relaxation effects of graphite current carriers are taken into consideration.


rather naive, as when she assured her students—days before the U.S. bombed Libya—that the war of words between Tripoli and Washington was "all just a lot of political hot air" (p. 106). Caesar and Fandy returned to Saudi Arabia in 1987, where she found that her accumulated experiences—particularly the misfortunes of people that she had known—"made politics matter to me now in a way it never had before." And Fandy "introduced me to a much broader range of society, as well as a political world of which I had been largely unaware" (p. 125). Her views were especially affected by her students. Literature was a "bridge between cultures," if only "a narrow hanging bridge with missing slats" that even the few who dare need help to cross (p. 111). Sometimes her students came to wildly wrong conclusions, misled by their own cultural expectations. At other times their interpretations opened up a new dimension: she would have taught E.M. Forster's Passage to India as a book about "cultural misunderstandings and bad manners on the part of the British; what I read with my Arab students was a novel about the politics of domination" (p. 164). And yet at the end one wonders how much Caesar's worldview has changed. She writes that the only things she has left "are the images and the insights and the memories [which] aren't any more suited to life in the United States than the veil and the gellabeyahs... My fear now is that I did leave something important behind. Some idea, some insight, something learned and then forgotten" (pp. 174-175). Why are those images, insights, and memories not suited to life in the U.S.? Might they not be essential to improve or redeem life in the U.S.? If her American background is the thesis and her experiences in the Middle East the antithesis, where is the synthesis that makes sense of both? Why is her final note one of disjuncture and loss? Perhaps the cause is that the fundamental concern of Crossing Borders is the author's search for herself, rather than a governing curiosity and regard for the Middle East of the sort that illuminates the writings of authors like Elizabeth Fernea or Robert Fisk.


In a recent contribution, Greenville et al. (2021) elegantly use network analyses to investigate the relationship between threat diversity and extinction risk in vertebrates. We applaud the use of this new method, but question the authors' conclusions. Contrary to results from previous studies (e.g., Ducatez & Shine, 2017; González-Suárez & Revilla, 2014; Jono & Pavoine, 2012), Greenville et al. (2021) conclude that "extinction risk is not higher for species exposed to a greater number of threats" (except for cartilaginous fishes). We suggest that methodological problems weaken this conclusion. First, research effort is one of the main predictors of threat diversity; the more research that an imperiled species attracts, the greater the number of likely threats identified (Allek et al., 2018; Ducatez & Shine, 2017). Species that are endangered also tend to be investigated less often (Ducatez & Shine, 2017) and hence will (paradoxically) be allocated fewer threats. To take this bias into account, previous analyses have included proxies of research effort. Similar corrections could be implemented in the network analysis framework by correcting the number of species per threat category by proxies of research effort, or by excluding poorly known species. Second, most previous studies have grouped IUCN threats into a small number of categories, thereby limiting biases in threat identification due to the data available (Hayward, 2009). By considering 39 different categories (vs. less than 12 in most previous studies), the analyses of Greenville et al. (2021) are exposed to biases in threat assessment. Third, the results of Greenville et al. (2021) do not account for interspecific variation in geographic range size. Species with broader ranges tend to be exposed to more threats, while also being at lower risk (range size is amajor criterion for assessing extinction risk). Thus, we need to remove the potential effect of range size by incorporating it as a covariate, and excluding species listed as at risk


The article describes the essence of continuity in the formation of a stochastic culture of students in the conditions of distance learning. The author's definition of the concept "continuity in the formation of stochastic culture of students of a general education school in the conditions of distance learning" is given. There are the basic conditions of a teacher's possession of the highest level of stochastic culture, due to which the formation of an integral personal quality, which is a generalized indicator of stochastic competence, takes place in schoolchildren. Modern information and communication technologies used in a series of developed distance classes in statistics, combinatorics and probability theory for grade 11 students are proposed. These ICT contribute to the successive formation of elements of stochastic culture in the conditions of distance learning. The article emphasizes that the use of ICT in teaching stochastics is an effective methodological tool, through which significant results can be achieved in the educational process.


This is the first study of the literary and aesthetic qualities of Ferreira's verse, first published in 1598 as the "Poemas Lusitanos", and and seen as one of the monuments of Renaissance literature in Portugal. Ferreira attempted nearly every poetic genre - ode, epistle, sonnet sequence, eclogue, elergy and epigram - some of which he introduced to Portuguese literature. It takes as its starting point the poet's concern with imitation and compares Ferreira with his principal literary models - Virgil, Horace and Petrarch. Of interest to all students of Portuguese literature, "The muse reborn" will also interest Renaissance scholars concerned with theories of intertextuality.


This paper is concerned with the dynamic event-triggered H∞ filtering for networked systems with stochastic cyber attacks and quantization. First, a new dynamic event-triggered scheme is employed to save limited system resources by using a new triggering error, which includes the conventional one. Second, the filtering error system is formulated under the dynamic event-triggered scheme, quantization and stochastic cyber attacks in a unified framework, and independent Bernoulli distributed variables are used to describe the randomly occurring cyber attacks. Third, a new sufficient condition is established to guarantee the filtering error system is mean-square asymptotically stable and achieves a prescribed H∞ performance. Under the condition, a new filter design method is given by applying a reversible linear transformation. Finally, a mechanical system with two masses and two springs is given to demonstrate the proposed method is more effective.


The objective of this paper is to assess the use of satellite radar data to estimate rice yield. The approach consists in combining the information retrieved from radar data with a rice crop growth model to predict the final yield. Data acquired by different spaceborne radar systems have been evaluated in terms of their ability to provide rice crop parameters. The radar backscattering coefficient at C-band (5.3 GHz) measured by ERS, and to a lesser extent, RADARSAT, have been proven to be related to rice plant age, height and biomass. The rice growth model ORYZA1 was used to simulate rice growth with sowing date and biomass values retrieved from ERS and RADARSAT SAR data as input parameters. Test sites in both tropical and temperate regions were selected to develop the methodology. The simulated yields were found to lie within 10% from in-situ measured yield when ERS data were used and 15% with RADARSAT data. These results appear very promising for rice yield estimation. The work needs to be extended to a wide range of environmental conditions in order to estimate the method robustness.


SO42-/TiO2 solid superacid catalysts was prepared from TiCl4 and H2SO4 by process of precipitation,aging, filtering, washing,maceration and calcination.The structure of the body and surface of SO42-/TiO2 was determined by XRD and LRS.The S contents , acid strength and the types of acidic center in the SO42-/TiO2 solid superacid catalysts were determined by chemical analysis,Hammett indicators and FT-IR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption methods.The surface combined formation between SO42- and TiO2 on the surface of SO42-/TiO2 was determined by FT-IR spectra.The energy of the SO42-/TiO2,TiO2,Ti(SO4)2 were determined by XPS.The result shows that solid superacid can be formed in the SO42-/TiO2 system in 425~575 ℃. There are Lewis and Bronsted acidic centers on the surface of the solid superacid with both centers being exchanged. Anatase structure is presented in the body and on the surface of the solid superacid with crystalline of Ti(SO4)2 and TiOSO4 being not presented. The OH on the surface of SO42-/TiO2 is the Bronsted acidic centers and the empty sites of Ti4+ is Lewis acidic centers in the SO42-/TiO2.The SO42- coordinats into Ti4+ in the form of gear-bridge.The strong inducing effect of electrons is produced due to the strong ability of attracting electron with centers of solid superacid being fomed.


As more transgenic varieties become available, grower=s interests intensify and more information is needed to satisfy the inquiries. Agronomic comparisons of six lines (transgenic varieties and their recurrent parents) from three companies are represented in this high desert study. Results show some subtle differences between the transgenic lines and their recurrent parents. Under the high Pink Bollworm pressure observed in the trial, yield increases were uniformly seen when the Bt gene was present, even though all plots were sprayed to control insect pests. Yields tended to be lower when herbicide resistence was introduced into the plants (even though not statistically significant), except when placed in a stacked array. Several agronomic values and HVI lint quality values are reported in this report.


Many of Zheng Banqiao's poems about women reflect Zheng Banqiao's complicated philosophy about women. Some of his poems sing praises of loving mothers or heroines, some show sympathy to the weak and helpless, others detest women without morality. Although Zheng's philosophy about women is closely associated with feudal scholars' views about women and is confined to the society, it has some flavor of times and activates to some degree the oppressed literary world of the feudal society.


In the late 1970s, the Energy Information Administration initiated a program calling for review and evaluation of its data and validation of energy models used in support of the policymaking process. One of the more controversial aspects of this program was the effort to validate the large-scale energy models developed under DOE auspices and, in some cases, still under development. As all participants in this process (i.e., modelers and evaluators) acknowledge, there is no absolute standard by which a model can be validated. By definition, a model is an approximation to some real-world process. It abstracts from the complexities of the process but is intended to capture essential dimensions of the forces governing outcomes of that process. Consequently, all evaluations of a model involve judgment. To illustrate the prospects for divergent yet individually sensible judgments of an energy model, consider a recent appraisal of the Regional Demand Forecasting Model (RDFOR).


The paper being discussed is Barbhuiya and Mazumder (2014). Most of the research study on bridge scour in India and abroad is on scour in bridge piers. This paper on scour in abutments is thus a good contribution made by the authors in bridge hydraulics and offers an insight into the scour mechanism which is similar to that in piers. Unfortunately, scour in bridges is still being computed in India by using IRC codes (IRC-5 1998; IRC-78 2000; IRC:SP-13 2004; IS:6966 1989) based on Lacey's regime theory (1930), although Lacey's regime theory has nothing to do with local scour in bridge piers and abutments which are governed by a large numbers of parameters not considered in Lacey's theory for prediction of regime widths and regime depths. The discussor in his papers (Mazumder and Dhiman 2014; Mazumder and Kumar 2006) has shown that scour computation using Lacey's theory always overpredicts scour depth in bridge piers compared to actual observed scour and scour predicted by scientific mathematical models developed by gifted research workers like Richardson and Davis (1995), Melville and Coleman (2000), Breussers and Randviki (1991), Kothyari et al. (1992), Dey (2005–2006) and others. Limitations of Lacey's theory in local scour prediction have been stated by the discussor elsewhere (Mazumder 2007). Discussor would, however, like to bring to the notice of the authors some of the discrepancies as noted below:


In order to promote the tourism development of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, to attract more customers, to build an effective personnel training mechanism, training professionals is very necessary. The advantages of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone tourism development are introduced in this paper, and pointed out that the tourism talent training needs analysis of talent training status and improvement measures are proposed, including the integration of the region education resources, pay attention to the skilled personnel training, improve the teaching curriculum setting, improve the quality of Teachers, strengthen the construction of training base.


An accelerometer suitable for vehicle ride analysis is described. The instrument is of the linear type (measuring acceleration in a straight line), incorporating a seismic mass that is free to move along one axis. The bulk of the seismic mass is incorporated in the core assembly of a differential transformer which produces an electrical output proportional to the applied acceleration. The damping of the system is electro-magnetic, achieved by a shorted turn of copper suspended in a strong magnetic field, and is independent of ambient temperature variations.


The genesis and purpose of the National Food Survey is discussed. Originally to monitor and improve the "working‐class diet" the survey has broadened to analyse food consumption on seven levels. A major shift of interest has been from nutritional to economic. The survey is now of use to people involved in such disparate fields as applied economics, social medicine and market research.


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a serious clinical issue with an unacceptable rate of mortality and associated morbidity that includes pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, the incidence of these events has been decreasing steadily during the last decades, thanks to chemical and mechanical prophylaxis, fast-track procedures and related improvements in the rehabilitation processes, and major progresses in surgical and anaesthetic techniques. At the present time, for instance, less than 1% of patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery will develop a symptomatic VTE. The rate of postoperative pulmonary embolism is now below 0.5% and the fatal pulmonary embolism rate is much lower than 0.1%, even after major surgery. A recent retrospective cohort of 1 432 855 patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia at 315 American hospitals from 2005 to 2011 found an overall VTE rate of 0.96% with low rates for DVT (0.71%) and pulmonary embolism (0.33%). Of note, as compared with a procedure of average duration, patients undergoing the shortest procedures experienced a 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83 to 0.88] decrease in the odds of developing VTE.


The existence of lipid microdomains and their role in cell membrane organization are currently topics of great interest and controversy. The cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that can flow along the two-dimensional surface defined by the membrane. Microdomains, known as lipid rafts, are believed to play a central role in organizing this fluid system, enabling the cell membrane to carry out essential cellular processes, including protein recruitment and signal transduction. Lipid rafts are also implicated in cell invasion by pathogens, as in the case of the HIV. Therefore, understanding the role of lipid rafts in cell membrane organization not only has broad scientific implications, but also has practical implications for medical therapies. One of the major limitations on lipid organization research has been the inability to directly analyze lipid composition without introducing artifacts and at the relevant length-scales of tens to hundreds of nanometers. Fluorescence microscopy is widely used due to its sensitivity and specificity to the labeled species, but only the labeled components can be observed, fluorophores can alter the behavior of the lipids they label, and the length scales relevant to imaging cell membrane domains are between that probed by fluorescence resonance more » energy transfer (FRET) imaging (<10 nm) and the diffraction limit of light. Topographical features can be imaged on this length scale by atomic force microscopy (AFM), but the chemical composition of the observed structures cannot be determined. Immuno-labeling can be used to study the distribution of membrane proteins at high resolution, but not lipid composition. We are using imaging mass spectrometry by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in concert with other high resolution imaging methods to overcome these limitations. The experimental approach of this project is to combine molecule-specific stable isotope labeling with high-resolution SIMS using a Cameca NanoSIMS 50 to probe membrane organization and test microdomain hypotheses. The NanoSIMS is an imaging secondary ion mass spectrometer with an unprecedented combination of spatial resolution, sensitivity and mass specificity. It has 50 nm lateral resolution and is capable of detecting 1 in 20 nitrogen atoms while excluding near-neighbor isobaric interferences. The tightly focused cesium ion beam is rastered across the sample to produce simultaneous, quantitative digital images of up to five different masses. By labeling each specific components of a membrane with a unique rare stable isotope or element and mapping the location of the labels with the NanoSIMS, the location of the each labeled component can be determined and quantified. This new approach to membrane composition analysis allows molecular interactions of biological membranes to be probed at length-scales relevant to lipid rafts (10s to 100s of nm) that were not previously possible. Results from our most recent experiments analyzing whole cells will be presented. « less


A. The legio I. Minervia was created by Domitian, as the title F(laviae) M(inerviae) P(iae) F(idelis') D(omitianae) shows: and probably before 88 A.D. , as it acquired the title P.F. almost certainly from its loyalty during the revolt of Antonius Saturninus ; that title was not given in the first century except for loyalty shown in civil, not foreign, wars. The reason for its creation appears to have been to fill up the gap caused by the destruction of V. Alauda in 87 under Fuscus who ' kept his vitals for the Dacian vultures.' If this view is allowed, Ritterling's statement, that from the time of Augustus no legion was created to fill the place of one which had been destroyed, is refuted. The legion was generally stationed at Bonn. At first Italian recruits appear in it, afterwards a few from Noricum, but it was mostly composed of natives of Lower Germany. This gives the reason why the birthplaces of the soldiers in this legion and in XXX.Ulpia are seldom mentioned. These legions were stationed for long stretches of time in the same place and were recruited from the same place. A soldier living all his life in the same quarters would not consider it necessary to mention his native country. I. Minervia took part in the first Dacian War : for in that portion of Trajan's column which represents events in the first Dacian War a legion appears with a ram on its standard. This is the symbol of I. Minervia, probably because Minerva was supposed to have the constellation Aries under her protection (Manil. ii. 439). After this expedition, it returned to Bonn, where it remained until 161, when it was transferred to the Parthian War. I t returned, however, in 166 to face an invasion of the Marcomanni.


The cocoa black pod disease is caused by a fungus Phytophthora sp, which comprises two main species (Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora megakarya) commonly found in Ivorian cocoa plots and which cause significant damage. Despite numerous studies, this disease continues to spread and even more so Phytophthora megakarya, which did not exist in CA´te d'Ivoire, is beginning to spread significantly. This study focused on the evaluation of the epidemiological factors responsible for the progression of Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora in the Department of MA©agui, southwestern Cote d'Ivoire. To this end, a prospective survey was conducted in three cocoa plots in MA©agui, which collected epidemiological data on "Foliar coverage rate", "Maintenance level" and the prevalence of black pod. Molecular data on black pod disease isolates were extracted from immature pods with black pods symptoms. A descriptive analysis was first applied to the data to understand their dispersion, followed by a comparative analysis (student's t-test) to evaluate the relationship between epidemiological parameters and disease prevalence. Finally, a molecular analysis in the laboratory made it possible to characterize the different species of Phytophthora sp. The results of the molecular analysis showed the presence of Phytophthora megakarya at 79% against 21% for Phytophthora palmivora. The results of the student t-test showed that this prevalence of black pod is related to the lack of plot maintenance (P=0.036E'0.05) and high leaf coverage of cocoa trees (P=0.003E'0.05). However, distribution maps of the different species show that Phytophthora megakarya is the most dominant species on the MA©agui site.


The processing conditions of low salt mackerel (Scomber japonicus) fillet was investigated, in which fresh mackerel was filleted, salted in brine until the expected salt concentration reached, dried with cool air (3 m/sec, ), and finally packed individually in polyvinyl chloride film. Salting time and salt concentration of brine decided the final salt level penetrated into the fillet. As the final salt level was fixed to , salting for hours with 5% or 10% brine at was enough to get that level of salt. Formation of histamine during salting was negligible. Changes in VBN, salt soluble proteins, and histamine formation of salted mackerel fillet during the storage occurred more rapidly in cases of storage at than af and . Oxidation of lipid during the storage progressed, however it was delayed longer then 100 days in case of storage at . Addition of sodium erythrobate or ginger extracts could provide some extent of browning retardation. The shelf-life of the salted mackerel fillet based on panel scores of brown color and rancidity appealed to be 14 days when stored at , and more than 28 days in case of storage at and about 3 months stored at .


Under the sponsorship of ACM-SIGMAP a two-day workshop on Mathematical Programming Control Languages was held May 27-28, 1963 in the Hotel America, Houston, Texas. L. W. Smith and F. P. Frederick acted as Steering Committee for planning and organization. Bonner & Moore Associates, Inc. were hosts. An oral report was given at the ACM National Conference in Denver during the Hall of Discussion on Mathematical Programming. Reported below is a summary of events, discussions and conclusions of the group. This summary is not intended to be a set of minutes.


Abstract A simple and green method was developed for the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol and benzaldehyde in the self-neutralizing acidic CO2-alcohol system to produce benzothiazoles. A series of benzothiazole derivatives were successfully prepared from the condensation and cyclization reaction of 2-aminothiophenol or substituted 2-aminothiophenol with aliphatic, heteroaryl and aryl aldehydes promoted by alkyl carbonic acid under mild conditions. Moreover, the method is also suitable for the synthesis of 2-phenylbenzimidazole and 2-phenylbenzoxazole. Additionally, this reaction system greatly simplified post-processing, which did not need to be neutralized with base and without salt disposal. These advantages make the process more practical, economical, and environmentally friendly. Mechanism investigation indicated that formation of alkyl carbonic acid from CO2 and methanol is the key intermediate, which provides hydrogen ions to catalyze the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol and benzaldehyde. Graphical Abstract


Customer satisfaction is the most important thing in the catering business. Customer satisfaction affect the profit earned by entrepreneur food. Things that can affect customer satisfaction among them is the quality of product and quality of services provided by the food producers.One way to determine customer satisfaction is to compare the expectation and the reality perceived by the customer.Research method used in this research is descriptive verification method. The number of samples in this research were 100 consumers, data collection is done by spreading the questionnaire and documentary study. Model analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression using SPSS 22 for windows. The results showed that the Product Quality and Service Quality has significant impact on customer satisfaction. Results of calculations using multiple linear regression analysis obtain the equation Y=3,291+0,059X₁+0,152X₂ it means an increase by 1 unit Product Quality, the Consumer Satisfaction Sushi Den Bandung will increase by 0.059 and any increase Quality of Service by 1 unit, the Consumer Satisfaction Sushi Den Bandung will also rise by 0.152. Food producers should further improve the quality of product quality and service quality by determining and implementing the Standard Operational Procedure properly in order to provide a positive impact for food company.


In this chapter, we describe recent progress related to organic selfassembled monolayers (SAMs), ranging from the basic properties of SAMs to their application in molecular nano-electronics. The molecular arrangements and chemical properties of organosulfur SAMs on Au surface have been characterized using surface sensitive techniques, such as scanning probe microscopy, which have revealed that the organic molecules in the SAM were well ordered and densely packed. Also, nanoscale pattern formation in SAMs has been demonstrated using several self-organized methods, such as fill-in or co-adsorption techniques. The electrical conduction through SAMs was examined by scanning probe microscopy and using other other nanogap electrodes. In some conjugated molecules, a large negative differential resistance and memory device operation were reported. These interesting physical phenomena will provide us with ideas for the realization of nanoscale molecular devices.


When presented with stimuli that contain illegal consonant clusters, Japanese listeners tend to hear an illusory vowel that makes their perception conform to the phonotactics of their language. In a previous paper, we suggested that this effect arises from language-specific prelexical processes. The present paper assesses the alternative hypothesis that this illusion is due to a ''top-down'' lexical effect. We manipulate the lexical neighbourhood of nonwords that contain illegal consonant clusters and show that perception of the illusory vowel is not due to lexical influences. This demonstrates that phonotactic knowledge influences speech processing at an early stage.


work, life experiences and beliefs. The variety of the sources effectively conveys the complex and multi-layered nature of Levi's thought and works, as well as the driving constants that shaped his literature and rationalist worldview. As Giorgio Calcagno notes in his foreword, the mosaic of scattered pieces woven together by the authors "reveal a man consistent with his contradictions, coherent precisely because he is multifaceted, secure in its roots, while curious about new developments." (ix) A number of elements stand out from this composition: Levi's clarity of judgment, his love for his profession, the insistence on always thinking for oneself, a faith in the Enlightenment, but also the awareness that there is something beyond reason. The precision and firmness with which Levi expresses his ideas is also remarkable. Throughout the volume it becomes clear that interviews are for Levi a way of expanding his stories, adding details recovered from his memory, elucidating the difficult passages, re-examining his old selves and thoughts. Like Odysseus in the palace of Alcineus, Levi gives an account of himself and re-lives troubled periods of its life. Yet the co-authors do not always consider whether Levi's statements are totally accurate and how they "give form" to the past. As Mario Barenghi writes in Why do we believe Primo Levi? (Einaudi, 2013), past events "in order to be preserved, must be modified" (22). What matters is "the moral value of the experience," how Levi constructs and gives meaning to his living experience, shedding light on the more obscure and hidden areas of his self. For example, Levi said that when he was young he considered his Jewish origin "a small, cheerful anomaly, like having a crooked nose or freckles" (227). However, recent scholarship has shown that Levi tended to downplay the importance of his Jewish upbringing. The fact that some of Levi's statements are not adequately probed raises a bigger issue. Why has this book been translated now, twenty-five years after its original version, and after The Voice of Memory (Polity, 2001), a collection of interviews edited by Robert S. C. Gordon and Marco Belpoliti? A translated version of this book made sense twenty years ago, when the critical literature on Levi in English was not so vast, but in 2017 this book appears dated. Next year Einaudi will publish the complete collection of Levi's interviews (volume III of his Opere complete). It would have been better to wait and translate this new collection, which contains unpublished material.


This documents describes the development of a healthcare monitoring solution prototype for wheelchair users. Unlike most of healthcare monitoring solutions available, the presented system intends to introduce the use of standardization in smart biomedical sensors by employing the IEEE 1451.4 standard. These smart sensors are connected in a wired network fashion to an embedded acquisition and processing system on the wheelchair, i.e. a microcontroller. PPG (photoplethysmography), BCG (ballistocardiogram), and skin conductance sensors are responsible to acquire biological signals from the user in an unobtrusive way. PPG and BCG provide extraction of the heart rate by using signal processing techniques such as digital filtering and peak detection. Together with skin conductance it is possible to qualitatively determine the user's stress. RFID technology is used for identification of the wheelchair user through and RFID tag. All the data acquired by the system is then transmitted through wireless communication (IEEE 802.15.4) to a coordinator computer. The coordinator computer runs a developed graphical user interface for visualization and storage of the transmitted data, both in the local computer on in a remote webserver. Hence, a electronic health record of the patient can be build. By empowering the wheelchair object with smart sensors and wireless communication technology, it is possible to create a network of smart wheelchairs that could be used in nursing home, clinical facilities, or even in an hospital.


AbstractPublic-Private Partnerships involving governments and insurers have been used worldwide for mitigation of natural-hazards. However, the implementation of such systems in developing countries presents problems for their key stakeholders. On the one hand, property owners are hesitant to purchase insurance or invest in retrofit projects due to cost considerations. On the other hand, insurers are reluctant to cover potential seismic losses, because of uncertainties about the risk. This study introduces an innovative Public-Private Partnership framework for property owners, insurers and governments to facilitate decisions related to hazard insurance and structural retrofit of vulnerable buildings. This framework can also help insurance firms reduce the level of corporate financial assets available for payment of compensation to their clients, as required by regulations aimed at reducing the risk of insurer insolvencies. Property owners are motivated to participate in the framework by extra mitigation su...


The results of the holographic investigation of the quality of fuel pulverization by automobile diesel injectors and of non-stationary gas dynamics fluxes in exhaust systems are discussed. The prospect of the use of optical holography methods for the high-speed processes research in diesels is shown.


Models for power plants have been developed over several decades for use in long term dynamic simulation of large power systems. These models are derived from, but are significantly simpler than, models used for studying power plants. This is because in system studies, as opposed to power plant studies, only the trajectories of the output variables of many plants are of interest as opposed to the many variables internal to the plant. The first use of these models was in the simulation and study of automatic generation control. This was done by interconnecting the power plant models through a uniform frequency dynamic model of the power system. Later, the addition of the network model and models of other system components provided the capability to simulate all aspects of power system long term dynamics. The power system simulation required in an operator training simulator is very similar to that needed for long term dynamic studies with the added requirement that it must be run in real time. These available power plant models have been used in operator training simulators and the suitability for such application of these models has also been shown. The fast solution requirement of the operator training simulator, however, has often led to the use of simple low order models whose accuracy, though suspect, has never been reported. In this paper, an attempt is made to provide models of varying complexity.


Metaheuristic search algorithms are used to develop new protocols for optimal intravenous insulin infusion rate recommendations in scenarios involving hospital in-patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Two metaheuristic search algorithms are used, namely, Particle Swarm Optimization and Covariance Matrix Adaption Evolution Strategy. The Glucose Regulation for Intensive Care Patients (GRIP) serves as the starting point of the optimization process. We base our experiments on a methodology in the literature to evaluate the favorability of insulin protocols, with a dataset of blood glucose level/insulin infusion rate time series records from 16 patients obtained from the Waikato District Health Board. New and significantly better insulin infusion strategies than GRIP are discovered from the data through metaheuristic search. The newly discovered strategies are further validated and show good performance against various competitive benchmarks using a virtual patient simulator.


Lawsonia inermis L. is a much branched glabrous shrub or small tree (2-6 m in height), cultivated for its leaves although stem bark, roots, flowers and seeds have also been used in traditional medicine. The plant is reported to contain Lawsone, Esculetin, Fraxetin, Isoplumbagin, Scopoletin, Betulin, Betulinic acid, Hennadiol, Lupeol, Lacoumarin, Laxanthone, Flavone glycosides, Two pentacytic triterpenes. The plant has been reported to have analgesic, hypoglycemic, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, nootropic, immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitrypanosomal, antidermatophytic, antioxidant, anthelmintic, antifertility, tuberculostatic and anticancer properties. It is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. This review gives a view mainly on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of the plant.


Energy-efficiency (EE) is critical for cognitive device-to-device (D2D) communications due to limited battery capacity of user equipments (UEs) and hash quality of service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, we address the EE optimization problem by proposing a game theory and matching based resource allocation algorithm. Noncooperative game is adopted to analyze the interactions among UEs and establish mutual preferences, both of which vary dynamically with channel states and interference levels. We then employs the Gale-Shapley (GS) algorithm to match D2D pairs with cellular UEs (CUs), which is proved to be stable and weak Pareto optimal. We also extend the algorithm to address scalability issues in large-scale networks by introducing some tie-breaking and preference deletion rules. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves significant EE performance and UE satisfaction gains compared to heuristic algorithms.


Context.The accretion of pebbles onto planetary cores has been widely studied in recent years and is found to be a highly effective mechanism for planetary growth. While most studies assume planetary cores as an initial condition in their simulation, the question of the manner, location, and time at which these cores form is often neglected.Aims.We study the effect of pebble accretion during the formation phase and subsequent evolution of planetary embryos in the early stages of circumstellar disk evolution. In doing so, we aim to quantify the timescales and local dependence of planetary embryo formation based on the solid evolution of the disk.Methods.We connected a one-dimensional two-population model for solid evolution and pebble-flux-regulated planetesimal formation to theN-body code LIPAD. We focused on the growth of planetesimals with an initial size of 100 km in diameter by planetesimal collisions and pebble accretion for the first one million years of a viscously evolving disk. We compared 18 differentN-body simulations in which we varied the total planetesimal mass after one million years, the surface density profile of the planetesimal disk, the radial pebble flux, and the possibility of pebble accretion.Results.Pebble accretion leads to the formation of fewer but substantially more massive embryos. The area of possible embryo formation is weakly affected by the accretion of pebbles, and the innermost embryos tend to form slightly earlier than in simulations in which pebble accretion is neglected.Conclusions.Pebble accretion strongly enhances the formation of super-Earths in the terrestrial planet region, but it does not enhance the formation of embryos at larger distances.


To the Editor:

Haik et al. present a case report of a patient with histologically confirmed sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) with bilateral increased signal in the pulvinar of the thalamus.1 We felt it important to clarify recent changes in the definition of the pulvinar sign to avoid difficulties in future diagnosis of variant CJD (vCJD) using MRI.

The presence of pulvinar hyperintensity was originally described as a characteristic feature of vCJD by Sellar et al.2 in 1997, and the high sensitivity and specificity of this sign were subsequently documented by our group.3 Clinical criteria for a diagnosis of vCJD were formulated that incorporated these MRI findings with diagnostic changes defined as bilateral pulvinar high signal on MRI scan.4 It has been recognized that this definition was ambiguous, …


The aim of the research of college physical education recessive course evaluation system is to promote the development and the use of college physical education.recessive course and promote the full and harmonious development of students.Study and use logical reasoning and questionnaire to construct two first-class indicators,eight second-class indicators and thirty-five third-class indicators.The author has determined the weight of each index by means of AHP.The way of assessing college physical education recessive course was determined by means of second quantitative method.These provided ideas and evaluation criteria for college physical education recessive course evaluation.


Aiming at the problems of current electrostatic detector,such as working range short and often requiring distance fixed,the solution based on PIC fusion ranging is proposed by analyzing the impact of distance error on the voltage measurement.By optimizing the sensor,amplifier and signal processing system,the improved electrostatic detector is used in the experiments.According to the different voltage measurement results of the static targets on different distances,the data processing is carried out,and then the process is programmed into single chip microcomputer.The distance and electrostatic measurement signals obtained by the PIC are mixed,by which the voltage of the charged body can be measured at any point within 1 m.The ranging program breaks out the limitation of accurate distance localization by traditional electrostatic detector,and realizes the long distance measurement of charged body.


Return to Wild America. A Yearlong Search for the Continent's Natural Soul. By Scott Weidensaul North Point Press, New York, 2005. 422 pp. $26, C$36.50. ISBN 0-86547-688-8. The author surveys the natural world of North America through a consideration of the gains and losses at sites Roger Tory Peterson and James Fisher visited on the 1953 tour described in their classic Wild America.


Objective To study the effects of special English teaching mode for foreign - concerned nursing with special nursing courses. Methods The teaching rmode of special English of 35 foreign-concerned nursing speciality students at Grade 2004 (experimentalclass) were intensively cultivated by CGFNS method in the course of English teaching. After complete of the English course, the records of expressivity of special English and special vocabulary and nursing view and the achievement of special course were compared between experimental class and control class. Results The records of in experimental class were better than those in control class (P <0. 05, P <0. 01)Conclusions The teaching mode of CGFNS is beneficial to improve the level of special English and cultivate the ability of speciality.

Key words:
Foreign-concerned nursing care; Special English; CGFNS


Changes in the free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, plasma iron, serum iron-binding capacity and plasma copper in normal individuals and in various diseases associated with anemia have been investigated previously in this laboratory (1). The present observations were carried out to determine the "chemical pattern" of the blood in the pregnant state.


Objective To observe the influence of CXCR4 knockdown by tranfecting CXCR4 shRNA into pancreatic cancer cells on Wnt/β-catenin signaling(canonical Wnt pathway)in pancreatic cancer.Methods CXCR4 shRNA expression vector was constructed and transfected into pancreatic cancer cell Miapaca-2 with high expression of CXCR4,G418 was used to screen the stably transfected cells and Realtime-PCR and Western Blot were used to observe the inhibitory effect of RNAi on CXCR4 expression.PGL3-OT/OF luciferase activity was used to observe the influence of CXCR4 shRNA on Wnt activity.Realtime-PCR and Western Blot were applied to observe the influence of specific CXCR4 shRNA on Wnt/β-catenin signaling target gene expression.Results Specific CXCR4 silencing stably,effectively,and specifically inhibited the CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression,and the inhibitory efficiency was over 70%.Meanwhile,CXCR4 gene interference effectively inhibited Wnt pathway activity(P0.05),and Wnt/β-catenin target gene expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines were downregulated.Conclusion CXCR4 knockdown can inhibit Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its target gene expression in pancreatic cancer,which can result in the decrease of pancreatic cancer cell growth,cell tumorigenesis and invasive ability,and this study may provide evidence for CXCR4 as a molecular target in pancreatic cancer treatment.


The research substance of Virtual Prototyping Experiment Simulation are discussed in this paper.Visual interactive simulation system based on VR for plastic injection molding was proposed and completed.Key techniques(FEA,Pro/E,movement simulating approach) of the system were described in detail. Create Injection Molding Simulation System.As a example,a set of Design,Analysis and optimization is established successfully.