The invention discloses a gait counting method and a gait counter. The gait counter can be worn on a wrist or other parts of a body and is used for precisely counting different kinds of gaits of a wearer. The gait counting method comprises the following steps: analyzing an output signal of an acceleration sensor so as to generate two groups of dynamic threshold parameters and a group of dynamic time parameters; when an acceleration output signal change value is greater than a first threshold parameter and spans downwards across a second threshold parameter, performing gait counting analog; comparing the time and corresponding dynamic time parameters in two times of gait counting analog so as to confirm whether next detection is performed or not; performing wrist belt type gait counting characteristic comparison and judging; subsequently judging whether the gait counting analog meets specific counting rule parameters; judging whether the gait counting analog meets corresponding gait rule parameters so as to confirm whether the corresponding gaits need to be counted. By adopting the gait counting method and the gait counter, the wearer can wear the gait counter on the wrist or the other parts of the body to precisely count the different kinds of gaits.


We use density functional molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) to study the effect of finite temperature exchange-correlation (xc) in Hydrogen. Using the Kohn-Sham approach, the xc energy of the system, $E_{xc}(r_{s})$ is replaced by the xc free energy $f_{xc}(r_{s},\Theta)$ within the local density approximation (LDA) based on parametrized path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) data for the uniform electron gas (UEG) at warm dense matter (WDM) conditions. We observe insignificant changes in the equation of state (EOS) at the region of metal-insulator transition compared to the regular LDA form, whereas significant changes are observed for T$>$10000 K, i.e., in the important WDM regime. Thus, our results further corroborate the need for temperature-dependent xc functionals for DFT simulations of WDM systems. Moreover, we present the first finite-temperature DFT results for the EOS of Hydrogen in the electron liquid regime up to $r_{s}=14$ and find a drastic impact (about $20\%$) of thermal xc effects, which manifests at lower temperatures compared to WDM. We expect our results to be important for many applications beyond DFT, like quantum hydrodynamics and astrophysical models.


Abstract : A series of radiation grafted cation and anion exchange polymers have been studied with the intent of developing procedures for dissolving and film casting these polymers. Solvent swelling studies have shown that these polymers display two maxima in plots of solvent uptake vs. solvent solubility parameter. While similar behavior is shown by the ion exchange polymer Nafion, the anion and cation exchange polymers studied here will not dissolve under conditions (developed by us) which dissolve Nafion. We believe this insolubility results from covalent cross links and/or enhanced crystallinity in the chain material regions of these polymers. These polymers, do however, swell extensively in certain solvents at high temperatures and suspensions may be prepared from the swollen polymer. We have cast films from these suspensions onto electrode surfaces and report initial results of electrochemical characterization of these films. (Author)


In the early years of electronic computing, applications were classified simply as either "scientific" or "business." The essence of the distinction was that scientific applications involved substantial arithmetic operations on rather small volumes of data, whereas business applications involved modest arithmetic operations on substantial amounts of data. Internal computer speed (CPU instruction cycle time and memory access time) was the crucial variable in scientific computing applications, while input and output speed and versatility (punched card input-output (I/O), printed output, magnetic tape I/O, disk I/O, etc.) were the crucial variables in business data processing. The two types of applications were called "CPU-intensive" (sometimes "CPU-bound") or "input-output-intensive" ("I/O-bound"). Matrix inversion was "typical" of scientific applications, and insurance company premium transactions processing was "typical" of business applications. With the passage of time and with the pervasive evolution of computer applications, the original two-category distinction no longer sufficed.


BackgroundBreast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among the female population, and about 15% to 20% of patients with breast cancer is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive. The current cancer treatment methods such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are not sufficiently effective in decreasing mortality rates; however, immunotherapy is a novel approach in the treatment of cancer that is more efficient and less harmful to the body. Anti-cancer immunotoxins are chimeric molecules containing two parts, namely the immuno part, which is an antibody or a binding segment of antibody, and toxin part, which is a killer toxin molecule.ObjectivesIn this study, we sought to design a novel immunotoxin, including the anti-HER2 receptor, trastuzumab, derived from a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) with a connection to the functional part of Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin (Cj-CdtB).MethodsThe chimeric protein's physicochemical properties, solubility, and secondary structure were analyzed, using ProtParam, PROSO II, and GORV, respectively. A three-dimensional (3D) model was built, using I-TASSER and refined, using GalaxyRefine. The model's structure was evaluated before and after refinement, using PROCHECK and RAMPAGE. The AlgPred server was employed to predict immunotoxin allergenicity, and mRNA stability was evaluated by RNAfold. Finally, the immunotoxin and HER2 were docked, using ZDOCK.ResultsAnalysis showed that the chimeric protein could be a stable and soluble protein and the secondary structure of its parts would not change and the protein had a robust 3D structure that might have a stable mRNA structure and could bind to HER2 receptor.ConclusionsThe designed immunotoxin was a stable and soluble protein with the ability to bind to HER2 receptors, making it an appropriate immunotoxin candidate for breast cancer treatment. The results of the current work could be useful for future experimental studies.


abstract:This article compares Martin Crimp's portrayal of the artist in The Country (2000) and The City (2008) to contextualize his oeuvre within late capitalism, suggesting that Crimp moves from a predominantly social critique of art as a transmitter of ruling-class ideology to a more nuanced exploration of the challenge of producing art that is not governed by dehumanizing laws of exchange. In The Country, Crimp uses pastoral imagery and the characterization of Corinne, the romantic protagonist, to espouse a social critique of art by showing how it has propped up a fundamentally conservative set of ideals and thus has preserved the status quo. The City, on the other hand, takes up an artistic critique of capitalism through metatheatre to reveal the ways in which human creativity and freedom are restrained by the logic of the market. By considering the role of the artist in these two plays, I argue that Crimp's political aesthetic seeks to disrupt the exchange value of art and foreground the human impulse toward creativity.


In this paper we provide sufficient condition guaranteeing existence and the asymptotic behavior of solutions of a class of Hadamard–Volterra integral equations in the Banach space of continuous and bounded functions on unbounded interval. The main tools used in our considerations are the concept of measure of noncompactness in conjunction with the Darbo and Monch fixed point theorems.


Currently most of the dividing wall column (DWC) designs are based on a Petlyuk Column in which the heat transfer process across the dividing wall is ignored. This paper proposes a heat transfer model of DWC, in which additional virtual intermediate heat exchangers are introduced between the prefractionator and the main column, and thus the heat transfer process among the virtual intermediate heat exchangers will produce the thermal-coupled effect. This effect can be explored by fixing the beneficial heat transfer region and a corresponding algorithm of heat transfer. Compared with the designs based on a Petlyuk Column, this DWC model can further reduce the exergy loss and energy consumption. Besides, the optimal operating zone is enlarged, and the influence of liquid and vapor split ratio fluctuation on the minimum energy consumption of DWC is lowered. This model provides a guidance for the energy-saving design of DWC.


Two-dimensional quantum vortex motion provides a minimal system exhibiting fluid turbulence. Quantum analogues of the classical inverse energy cascade and macroscopic energy condensation processes in 2d will be presented and linked to recent experimental work.


ASSrRACr This paper introduces the concept of s tmdar t t y , which defines an equivalence relation on the family of labeled To topologms on a fimte set Two slmdar spaces are necessarily homeomorphic, but the converse Is not true in general It is shown that the ratio of the number of similarity classes of labeled n-point To topologies to the number of labeled To spaces on n points goes asymptotically to zero for large n S~mdanty classes can be described completely by a partmoned rectangular integer array entity named APARNA. The APARNA representation is suitable for manipulation by a digital computer and, as it clearly displays certain structural aspects, appears to be useful in the computer study of finite topologies An APARNA-based computer algorithm for the enumeration of labeled To topologies has generated the numbers of such spaces definable on sets with 8, 9, 10, and 11 points. These numbers are, respectively, 431,723,379; 44,511,042,511; 6,611,065,248,783, and 1,396,281,677,105,899 The corresponding numbers for all possible labeled topologies (To as well as non-T0) are, respectively, 642,779,354, 63,260,289,423, 8,977,053,873,043; and 1,816,846,038,736,192


Post-traumatic stress disorder among returning veterans from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan has invoked all manner of public responses, not least of which is a sense of pity that begins and ends with the moment of recognition. As such, the publicity of soldier sufferance ironically mitigates the need for a more complex socialization to the pain of war that might be animated by a more nuanced emotional response rooted in the disruption of common narratives about sacrifice, service, and heroism. This essay argues for the potential of Garry Trudeau's trilogy of cartoons, collected under the titles of The Long Road Home, The War Within, and Signature Wound, to depict a dialectic of pity and compassion while underscoring the inadequacies of discourses of trauma through the use of bathos—a verbal–visual descent that emphasizes the commonplace in the seemingly extraordinary through the trope of the ridiculous.


A NAME is a name and not necessarily a description. Mr. White may be black and Mr. Black may be white. It no longer follows that Mr. Reed is redheaded and the hair of the Mr. Brown of today may be black. When a generation ago I began to write about the socialization of law, that term was vigorously objected to by many who pointed out that law was a social institution before anyone talked of socializing it. Hence they assumed that the term must refer to


With the ongoing miniaturization and 3D integration trend in microelectronics packaging, a need exists to provide for denser chip interconnect than can be achieved with photolithography based processes. One way to achieve this is via a bumpless process using a S(ubmicron) W(ire) A(nisotropic) C(onductive) F(ilm) (SW-ACF) with a parallel array of submicron metal wires embedded in this film. This paper describes the first step of SW-ACF fabrication and bumped flip-chip bonding trials. The SW-ACF is based on a polycarbonate template filled with copper wires which is bonded onto a test chip with gold stud bumps. Electrical measurements showed that viable connections were made between the copper wires and the gold bond pads, and also that electrical insulation was maintained between bond pads. The concept worked for the smallest pad-pitch structure on the test chip which was 25 µm circular pads with 25 µm spacings.


: In this article we report a previously unidentified verbal root for the Indo-European protolanguage, * menk ʷ - 'to be short; to lack', based on verbal and nominal reflexes in Italic, Indo-Iranian, Germanic, Tocharian and Anatolian, founded, we claim, in the Caland System , an archaic stratum of the Proto-Indo-European derivational system. In four of five Indo-European subgroups, predicates are found occurring with a subject(-like) argument in a non-nominative case, dative in the languages that have retained the Indo- European case morphology, but an oblique case in the branches where different non-nom-inative forms have merged. The documented verbal forms cannot be unified into a single reconstructable verb, yet we argue that the more abstract argument structure construction involving a dative subject(-like) argument must be inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Hence, we suggest a partial reconstruction for the grammar of Proto-Indo-European, based on the attested Tocharian form, * m(e)nk ʷ - MP , the non-nominative case of the sub- ject(-like) argument, and the meaning 'lack'. Taken together, this cumulative evidence corroborates the assumption that a verb meaning 'lack' developed from 'be short' in the proto-language, indeed instantiating a non-canonically case-marked argument structure with its subject(-like) argument in the dative case.


Objective:To evaluate the effects of statins therapy in patients with coronary disease.Method:Published literature before February 2015 on relevant clinical trials was retrieved via electronic and manual search in databases Pubmed and CNKI.Two reviewers independently identified articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted the data,assessed the quality of the included studies,and then conducted meta-analysis using RevMan 5.1 software.Result:A total of 14 trials were included,8 trials for statin effected on the new-onset atrial fibrillation in coronary diseases and 3 trials were for statin effected on recurrence of atrial fibrillation in coronary diseases.Then we performed meta-analysis,respectively.The results indicated that statins therapy could reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation in coronary disease with or without atrial fibrillation.A significant difference was present between the two group(OR=0.62,95%CI(0.52,0.75),Z=4.99,P0.000 01)and(OR=0.15,95%CI(0.08,0.27),Z=6.24,P0.000 01).A total of 14 trials,involving 207 868 patients were included,the use of stains group were 93330(44.90%).The result of Meta-analyses showed that the incidence of atrial fibrillation was 11.44%in statin-treated group as compared with 16.08% in control group.A significant difference was present between the two group(OR=0.58,95%CI(0.50,0.68),P0.000 01),and demonstrated the result was stable.Conclusion:For coronary disease,patients taking statins had a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation than those not taking statins.Our study also suggests another possible benefit from primary and secondary prevention of atrial fibrillation with statins therapy.


Undergraduate planning programs in the U.S. and Canada have Increased over the past two decades. Their curricula are strong, they take pride in the professional accomplishments of their graduates, and they seek to increase faculty and improve student diversity. Most graduates work for local public agencies; 40% go on to graduate education.


The conduct of ex right disposition refers to a behavior that one person deals with other's object in the name of himself without relevant right.In terms of our legislation,this item is mainly embodied in the 51st item of the Contract Law .Among the domestic scholars,the item is regarded as the establishment of the institution of ex right disposition.In the legal doctrine ,the theoretical environments are different in two kinds of patterns.Therefore,some problems are produced such as the connotation of the ex right disposition and the relation between ex right disposition and the institution of well-meaning acquirement.


Introduction Group A rotaviruses play an important role in the etiology of neonatal calf diarrhea. A vaccine is currently available, but there are reports of vaccination failure. Two surface proteins of the virus VP4 (P-type) and VP7 (G-type) play an important role in eliciting the immune response to rotaviral infection. Previous studies in our laboratory and by other workers indicated that the P type of the vaccine virus differs from that of the field isolates and might be responsible for vaccination failure. However, the VP7 of the majority of the field isolates is similar to that of vaccine strain (G6 type). Recently, we have identified a rotavirus isolate designated VMRI-29 in which the VP7 gene appears to be a variant of the G-type 6 viruses.


A novel approach for imaging fast ground moving targets with fast cross and along track velocities is presented in this paper, in which their moving parameters are estimated by using single-antenna synthetic aperture radar (SAR). First, the way of phase extraction is proposed. Next, fractional Fourier transform is applied to estimate the Doppler parameters for the extracted phase. According to the parameters, a matched filter is generated to correct simultaneously range walk and curvature. Finally, after azimuth compression, a focused image is obtained. By considering the general definition of the Doppler modulation rate and obtaining the shortest distance from the focused image, the estimation of fast along track velocity is precise. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed approach.


Liquidity is the pre-condition for a well-functioning and efficient market. Liquidity can be perceived, but difficult to measure due to its multi-dimensional characteristics. Studies have discussed various characteristics of liquidity and its influencing power on return and asset pricing. The article has considered Indian MidCap stocks and measured its liquidity using Amihud and trading volume as proxies. It has found Indian MidCap stocks have varying degree of liquidity. During the intraday, MidCap stocks have L-shaped liquidity pattern. The article observed that P-E ratio, P-B ratio, Dividend Yield and Index of Industrial Production are the significant determinants of liquidity. The article has estimated liquidity betas and carried out Granger non-causality test to articulate its relation with CAPM beta. The article has also found stability of liquidity beta across MidCap stocks. The liquidity betas of MidCap stocks have time-varying volatility. Relative Strength Index (RSI) and Change in Trading Volume are exogenous variables in explaining the time-varying volatility of beta. The study observed that MidCap stocks are claiming liquidity premium and liquidity premium is influencing the asset pricing along with WML, HML and EMR factors.


The relationship between soil water availability, root extension, and shoot growth of lohlolly pine seedlings (Pinus taedu L.) was evaluated in a rhizotron sand mixture in the absence and presence of crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) competition. Heights and diameters of seedlings grown with crabgrass were reduced 33 and SO%, respectively, compared with seedlings grown in pine monoculture. Furthermore, survival of seedlings was reduced by 16% in the mixed species treatments compared with pine monoculture cetls. Soil water contents at all depths were at least 50% lower in mixed species treatments compared with pine monocultures during a dry-down cycle. Maximum loblolly pine root extension rate was 0.10 m wk-' in pine monoculture compared with 0.02 m wk-' in the presence of grass. Pine seedling root extension ceased in the presence of grass during prolonged periods of induced water stress. Crabgrass roots extended at a rate of 0.6 m wk-', a rate largely unaffected by watering regime or differences in water content within the rhizotron. Pine root distributions, at the end of one growing season, were different for seedlings grown with grass than for those in pine monoculture; however, when seedlings of similar size were compared, root distributions were not different. Our results indicate that competition-induced reductions in soil water availability reduced the rate of pine root extension and thus the volume of soil exploited, thereby reducing resource availability and tree growth.


The potential migration of metals in soil systems i s dependent on the chemical form of the metal which is necessary for estimating its biological av ailability, physico-chemical reactivity and transpo rt in the environment and into the food chain. Chemical extra ction procedures are able to predict the changes in the heavy metal mobility or bioavailability in soils. I n this study, the Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations of soil samples from guinea corn fields in Kaduna Metropoli s were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). Hot and cold extraction techni ques were employed for the digestion and extraction of the soil samples using 0.05mol/L EDTA, 1.0mol/L oxa lic acid and 1.0mol/L acetic acid. The results indicated that there is no significant difference b etween hot and cold extraction techniques for these metals in these reagents except for Zn in 1.0mol/L Oxalic acid where there is a significant difference betwee n hot and cold extraction and that the hot extraction is superior to the cold extraction with a mean of 6.37 against 1.41.


There is a richly decorated timbered ceiling in the upper storey of the building Friedrichstrasse 29 dated from the last third of the 17th century. The timbered ceiling was uncovered in 1984 in the course of the restoration of the baroque building. That ceiling consists of 31 (of the original 32) painted panels. 16 of them are designed florally with acanthus leaves, and 15 of them show landscape paintings. The author documented the damages and their causes, and worked out proposals for the restoration of the painting. The restoration technique was tested at a chosen part of the ceiling; there is offered a colored reconstruction design for the missing painted panel.


The present work is a part of an extended not-sponsored research program with scientific representative and responsible for this program professor Pantelis Georgogiannis. The main aim of the program is to confirm how much someone's origin may influence people's behavior towards him. Specifically it aims to distinguish the grade of sympathy and antipathy, according to the theory of emotion. The survey was carried out realized on secondary school students (age 13-15) and its target is to show the extent of racism in schools.


This paper discusses a plan to incorporate remotely sensed spatial data into a real time hydrologic decision support system. Because of the nature of the hydrologic forecasting system, a file server type of interfacing is required. Recommendations for a real time GIS are discussed.


Viedebanttia schmitzi Oudemans, 1929, the type species of the genus Viedebanttia Oudemans, 1929 and Nanacarus minutus (Oudemans, 1901), the type species of the genus Nanacarus Oudemans, 1902 are redescribed and depicted from the typical material. A lectotype (a female) is designated for Nanacarus minutus.


In the previous article, a diol-based RBD palm kernel polyol was prepared. It has been found that the polyurethane foam produced is only giving a good compressive strength property at 45 kg/m3 molded density. The combination of sorbitol into the polyol system resulted in a better dimensional stability and improved thermal conductivity as well as enhanced the compressive strength. These were obtained by increasing the functionality of the polyol (functionality of 4.5) through introduction of high molecular weight and branching polyhidric compound. Direct polycondensation and transesterification methods were used for the syntheses. The hydroxyl value, TLC, and the FTIR were determined to study the completion of the reaction. A comparative study of the mechanical properties and morphological behavior was carried out with the diol-based polyol. From the water-blown molded foam (zero ozone depletion potential ODP) with density of about 44.2 kg/m3 and closed-cell content of 93%, it resulted in a compressive strength of 222 kPa, dimensional stability of 0.09, 0.10, and 0.12% at the length, width, and thickness of the foam, respectively, conditioning at −15°C for 24 h. The thermal conductivity improved to an initial value of 0.00198 W/mK, tested at 10°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 827–832, 2001


A physical assistant robot is useful for elderly and disabled people, as well as workers in certain industries, as it enhances their locomotive capabilities. However, risk assessment has identified some unique risks such as wounding of the skin and fall because of the use of such physical assistant robots. Among these potential risks, falls can be particularly severe. This study focuses on the effect of a sudden interference to the motion of the wearer while using a physical assistant robot. Changes in the gait motion are measured by an experiment that considers the unexpected torques experienced by a healthy wearer. The results indicate that the wearer can effectively recover despite changes in the joint angles and centers of pressure that can be used to analyze the risk of fall with a physical assistant robot.


Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease type 1A (CMT1A), the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy, is characterized by progressive sensory loss and weakness, which results in impaired mobility. Increased understanding of the genetics and pathophysiology of CMT1A has led to development of potential therapeutic agents, necessitating clinical trial readiness. Wearable sensors may provide useful outcome measures for future trials.


This paper introduces an RTP-packets' loss recovery scheme in MPEG-4 playback type multicast application model, which is based on retransmission scheme. Through the auxiliary and coordinated buffer playing scheme of layered 'buffer-routers', the RTP-packets' loss recovery in limited time is made possible. We consider in the scheme to handle retransmission request with buffer waiting when network congestion occurs. Thus, neither the degree of congestion will be worsened nor the retransmission request will be lost when sending the request to higher-level buffer router. The RTP-packets' loss recovery scheme suggested by us is not only applied to MPEG-4 multicast application in LAN, but also can be extended to more spacious WAN (wide area network) when user groups comparatively centralize in certain number of local areas.


Background Anorexia nervosa is a disease with high prevalence in adolescents and carries the highest mortality of any psychiatric disorder. Case We present a case of a 17-year-old female presenting to the emergency department with bradycardia that was subsequently diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. We also review the clinical features, diagnosis, complications, and emergency department management of this disease. Conclusions Patients with anorexia may present with multiple medical complaints, and it is imperative that the emergency physician be familiar with the syndrome so as to correctly identify and treat patients with this disease.


Author details on next page There is an international consensus to the effect that optimising wellbeing is an appropriate approach to helping people living with wounds. However, implementation of this concept is difficult in practice. In the present study, a randomised controlled trial was conducted with the aim of evaluating the psychological aspects associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) by conducting an intervention focused on wellbeing. Sixty eligible participants were divided into two groups; both groups received local wound management, while the intervention group also received psychological treatment to enhance their understanding of wellbeing. The t-test and Mann–Whitney test were used to compare the two groups. In contrast to the authors' expectations, the findings indicated that patients with DFU that received treatment on the understanding of wellbeing appeared to exhibit similar changes in psychological factors and acceleration of wound healing, compared to those who did not receive this intervention, except in the distress parameter at the second follow up.


ABSTRACT
 Queen polymorphism in wing morphology and thoracic structure provides the opportunity to test hypotheses about mating strategies and colony founding modes. Some studies indicate that the difference in mating behavior between winged and wingless queens may promote genetic isolation, possibly leading to speciation. However, the knowledge about genetic differences and phylogenetic relationships among polymorphic queens is limited. Queens of the myrmicine ant Vollenhovia emeryi Wheeler exhibit two morphs: a long-winged (L-queen) and a short-winged (S-queen) morph. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationship among populations of L- and S-queens in V. emeryi and the congeneric species V. nipponica, V. benzai, V. okinawana, and V. yambaru. The molecular phylogeny inferred from mtDNA (≈2,200 nt) showed that S-queens formed a monophyletic clade and that L- and S- queens sampled from the same location did not group together. The phylogeny indicates that wing reduction occurred only once and that S-queen populations are genetically differentiated from L-queen populations, at least in their maternal genomes. The phylogeny is consistent with the hypothesis that wing reduction leads to reproductive isolation in V. emeryi.


This chapter presents the evolution of the Strasbourg case-law concerning the protection of whistleblowers, starting from the 2008 Guja v. Moldova judgment, and confronts the EU Directive's provisions on public disclosure with the ECtHR's relevant standard of interpretation of Article 10 of the Convention (the Guja's six-element test). The work concludes that there exist certain divergencies between the Convention standard and Article 15 of the Directive and that somewhat confusing wording of the latter provision is likely to cause future interpretative malfunctions if one employs only grammatic interpretation of that provision while forgetting about the general function and scheme of the Directive.


School bus safety is reviewed and reasons are given why large buses should have seat belts. Although school buses have a good safety record, it would be misleading to claim that they are the safest vehicles on the road. It is noted that 50% of all fatal school bus accidents occur on field trips. School bus deaths have been dramatically reduced by their increased structural integrity since the implementation of the 1977 federal standards. However, it is the seat belt that is responsible for the reduction of thousands of injuries. Also, it is noted, the school years are the best time to educate children to wear seat belts. For over 30 years, scientists have known the dual value of seat belts on school buses: for injury protection, and for training in the habitual use of seat belts. Collision tests with school buses conducted during 16 years establish the value of passenger protection of lap belts when used with the high back seats. Certain facts regarding seat belts are listed. These relate to the cost of seat belts, their usage rate, insurance, driver responsibility, and the establishment of standards for seat belts.


We draw on analysis of assignments by primary teachers as part of the assessment for the Mathematics Specialist Teachers programme (MaST). In the assignment teachers are asked to work on some mathematics themselves, write up the mathematical part of their work then write about how this experience has impacted on their practice as a primary teacher. We focus first on case studies of teachers who included algebraic work in the first part of their assignments and look at what they say about the connections between this and their practice as primary teachers. Connections are made in a range of ways, but an overall finding is that teachers tended to focus more on the process of doing mathematics and the consequences this had for their practice rather than knowing mathematics. A further theme was feelings about mathematics, entailing positive consequences for practice, even where the initial feelings included negative dimensions. Examination of assignments on other aspects of mathematics confirms the presence of these three themes. Across all the assignments there was strong evidence that this experience of doing mathematics impacted positively on how teachers worked
mathematically with their primary classes.


Introduction It is accepted that the world is warming and driving most of "climate change"; but while the science is "in", the reasons and required interventions sadly remain debated and political. The relationship between climate change and its environmental and social manifestations is complex and brings about diverse adverse risks to human health. Global Climate Change Week—from October 15 to 21—is a time to promote awareness and discussion between academics, policymakers and broader communities to address future climate change actions and solutions.1 Projected increases in annual temperatures, rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather events will have direct and indirect repercussions on the environment in which pathogens, vectors, and hosts interact. Directly, infectious pathogens require suitable environments to thrive and ultimately cause human disease. Changes to the environment can further support pathogen survival and with that, the frequency and severity of disease (Fig. 1). Human-induced climate change is just one of the numerous global-scale changes that will affect human health. Indirectly, human factors such as unplanned urbanisation will result in a significantly higher proportion of populations in the urban setting, providing a more favourable environment for pathogens to thrive and for subsequent transmission to humans—whether it be from other humans, animals, vectors or directly from the environment.


In order to study the formation of deformation bands (DBs) and its relation to recrystallization, an aluminum single crystal was compressed along the (011) direction and subsequently annealed. In the present crystal, the four slip systems having the largest Schmid factors were on two slip planes that were symmetrically arranged with respect to the direction of observation. The overall deformation was consistent with the arrangement of these two major slip planes. In the central region of the observed surface, the major slip planes were activated to form a double-slip pattern. On the other hand, at the corner regions, many DBs were formed. After annealing, recrystallization occurred in the regions containing the DBs. Recrystallized grains had a (111)-rotation relationship with the DBs. The experimental results were compared with those in tensile-deformed aluminum single crystals having the same crystallographic orientation.


Cutter radius compensation(CRC) is a very important function of numerical control(NC) system.We refer to a large number of NC information and sum up the CRC function.We illustrate how to realize rough machining finish machining by the same program,machining matching surface by the same program,simplify programming methods,realize direct programming by parts contour,remove machining allowance by the increase of CRC value,control the parts size precision by adjusting the CRC value,state the essence of the CRC,and elucidate the physical meaning of the CRC value.


Data poisoning is known as the goal of finding small modifications of training data which make them not suitable anymore for training a targeted model.Recently, an efficient symmetric poisoning attack targeting frozen deep features plus support vector machine has been found. However, new experiments presented in this paper shows that this attack is not symmetric anymore on unfrozen/real deep networks.Then, several extensions of this attack are considered on CIFAR10/CIFAR100 with both VGG and ResNet backbone leading to a symmetric attack. On VGG/CIFAR10 setting, this extended attack makes performances moving by -60%,+5% from native accuracy using perturbations invisible to human eyes. Code is available at github.com/achanhon/AdversarialModel.


There is no adequate theory that explains the origin of the moon as a member of the earth-moon system. A great many such theories have been proposed, but each one is suspect because it contains difficulties for which no solutions are apparent.

So far all proposed models have been in the nature of ad hoc hypotheses. There have been such tremendous losses of mass and variations in angular momentum by bodies in the region of the terrestrial planets that observations do not now and may never lead to a conclusive determination of the mode of origin of the moon.


The effectiveness of vaccination against red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIVD) was evaluated using two kinds of vaccines in red sea bream (Pagrus major). For one vaccine, RSIV-infected GF cells were inactivated with formalin (1.0% v/v) for 10 days at 4°C and for the other the cell culture supernatant of RSIV-infected GF cells was inactivated with formalin (0.3% v/v) for 10 days at 4°C. Juvenile red sea bream were intraperitoneally injected with vaccines and after 10 days the fish were RSIV-challenged by intraperitoneal injection. Statistical analysis showed significantly high survival rates in the vaccinated groups than that of the respective control groups, indicating the protection is induced by the vaccination.In addition, the expression of the virus specific antigens in the spleen was examined for vaccinated and control fish after RSIV challenge by immunofluorescence test. The result that the expression of antigens was weaker in the vaccinated fish compared with the control fish supported the efficacy of the vaccination.


We construct a surface with irregularity q = 2; geometric genus pg = 3; self-intersection of the canonical divisor K 2 = 16 and canonical map of degree 16: 2010 MSC: 14J29.


Objective
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Dengzhan Shengmai capsules for patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Methods
A total of 120 patients with NAION were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Of those, 60 control patients were treated only with compound anisodine (CA, 2 ml/injection, 1 per day) (the control group), while the remaining 60 patients, designated, the combination group, received a combined treatment of CA and a Dengzhan Shengmai capsule, 0.36 g/dose, 3 times/day (the combination group). Patients were followed for 3 months, and the overall curative effect, visual acuity, visual field mean sensitivity, and hemorheology indicators were measured. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and the t test.

Results
Forty-nine patients (70 eyes) in the control group and 51 patients (72 eyes) in the combination treatment group were followed for 3 months or more. Compared to the control group, the combination treatment produced significantly higher visual acuity and visual field mean sensitivity (t=-5.223, -3.690, P<0.05). In the combination group the plasma viscosity, whole blood high shear viscosity, low shear viscosity, hematokrit, and plasma fibrin were significantly lower than in the control group (t=1.224, 3.114, 7.458, 9.153, 2.105, respectively, P<0.05 for each). The total effective rates were 88% and 71% for the combination group and control group, respectively (Z=2.890, P<0.01).

Conclusion
Our results show that a combination of CA and Dengzhan Shengmai capsules improves visual acuity, visual field mean sensitivity and hemorheology indicators for NAION patients.

Key words:
Optic neuropathy; Hemorheology; Dengzhan Shengmai capsule


【Task】 In accordance with the wishes of the needs and users, as well as to adapt the interaction to match the role the field of robot, A to provide an autonomous robot Activities autonomously mobile self-propelled robot for performing is described. This robot has the the following: drive module for moving the robot over a floor surface; using map around while the robot processes; processing module for performing an activity during the treatment process navigation module configured to navigate on the floor surface, to save one or more map around, it managed. Moreover the robot determines at least one sensor module for detecting information relating to the periphery of the structure, the treated surface during the treatment process, as compared to the reference standard to this, actually processed the reference standard differences and analysis unit configured to store information about between the surface that is, during the treatment process, after the completion, or is established a connection with the man-machine interface after the interruption, actually a reference standard notifies the information stored with respect to differences between the treated surface, thereby intervene to processes the user, configured to provide the potential to initiate make changes in or near again treatment process, has a communication module, in that case based on the specific criteria that can be predefined, the information is notified in response to the request by the user Hear, or should be notified without a request, should not be notified is determined. Further communication module receives a control command from the user, interrupting the treatment process, to continue, and is configured to initiate modified, or newly. .FIELD 6


The effect of different variables on the territory size and defence level of tawny owl (Strix aluco L.) populations was studied in two habitats: mixed farmland (1976–1978) and town (1986–1988). Territory size was determined by plotting the position of territorial challenges (hoots) of males which were individually recognizable in most cases. No differences were found in size, defence, number of competitors and biomass between territories in farmland and in town, but territories in town were more fragmented and showed a larger nearest neighbour distance. Size of rural territories was adequately predicted both by some structural habitat features and food supplies, while size of urban territories was affected only by habitat structure and by years of territory occupancy. No effect on territory size by competing neighbours was found in either habitat, thus confirming that behavioural interactions between the owners of territories and potential settlers prevent a decrease of territory size.

Defence level of urban territories was affected by 'social'variables (nearest neighbour distance and years of occupancy), structural variables (percentage of poplar grove and diversity), and food supply, while in rural territories only structural variables (fragmentation or natural vegetation) and food supplies affected defence level.

This was due to different settlement tactics in the two areas, depending on the extent and quality of suitable habitat.


Section Tacamahaca, including 34 species, 21 variations and 4 forms, is the largest one among the five sections of Populus in China. Gene resources of Section Tacamahaca are introduced, progress in research on poplars genetic breeding of Section Tacamahaca are reviewed, and the prospect of development and utilization of gene resources in Section Tacamahaca is discussed in the paper.


Historians and political scientists both consider the diversity of states that exist in the world, past and present, but each tends to prefer distinct approaches.  Political scientists often employ metrics that allow comparisons among many states, such as the degree of democratic or authoritarian forms of governance.  Historians tend to consider the nature of state rule in particular times and places according to conditions and concerns specific to their cases.  This article, mindful of these two quite different research approaches, considers the ways in which historical comparisons of state formation and transformation in different world regions can help scholars understand some of the reasons for similarities and differences among states in more recent times and help prepare us to ponder possible paths of change in the future.  Drawing upon comparisons between China and Europe, the article goes on to make some comparisons across the Americas, ending with thoughts on what can be learned by juxtaposing these two sets of comparisons to make a more global history of state formations and transformations.


Phase interferometer is the basic direction-finding method used in the field of radio,and it is usually for communication signals and radar signals.Compared with these signals,noise signal with great randomicity is more complicated.The emphasis is the possibility of noise signal direction-finding using phase interferometer.The way of quantitative analysis is put forward.


The matrix elements of the exact and approximate exchange operator are investigated in the frame of the pseudo-potential model. It is found that the Slater local potential and the simple modifications of it give different matrix elements in some states as the exact exchange operator.


The Reality Deck immersive visualization center at Stony Brook University surrounds viewers on all four sides with high-resolution images. Image courtesy of Stony Brook University.


Beyond actual debugging, visualisation and explanation tools DEAR [4], REFLEX Visual Supervisor [7], Sentinel Debugger [3], OLAF [10] our aim is to maintain consistency among ECA rules and recover the DBMS when it fails during rules execution (especially during the detection of composite events [11]) with the reflection concept. In the early stages on our research, we examine which malfunctions must be taken into account as specialized internal events in the several active meta-levels architecture we propose. Each active meta-level acts only on the level immediately below itself: the root level of the active reflective database recognizes specific situations and reacts to them without explicit user or application requests by means of ECA rules. The second active meta-level of the reflective database analyses and corrects malfunctions occuring in rules execution of the first active level. We show how debbugging of ECA rules can be dealt with, as the reflective dimension is added to the active behaviour of the database. This dimension relates to the structure, execution model and management of active rules (indissociable with the extended transaction model [1] [5]). It enables distinctly but conjointly the concise expression, detection and consummation of: events which happen inside the root level of the active reflective database as specific events of the application and events (usually malfunctions) which occur during rules execution (cascading, looping or blocking rules...). The greatest advantage is to separate these different kinds of events (or malfunctions) taking part (or occuring) in the execution of a set of ECA rules, in order to recommand specific recovery strategies and to modify dynamically events consummation contexts and coupling modes. The future concerns of our work will focus on implementing and validating


This paper describes the Unisys MUC-3 text understanding system, a system based upon a three-tiered approach to text processing in which a powerful knowledge-based form of information retrieval plays a central role. This knowledge-based form of information retrieval makes it possible to define an effective level of text analysis that falls somewhere between what is possible with standard keyword-based information retrieval techniques and deep linguistic analysis.


The spectrum of the vertical temperature gradient is computed for a number of "typical" 50-m long profiles from the upper 200 m of the ocean. Most of the variance occurs in the microstructure range, between approximately 1 and 100 cycles/m; there is normally a spectral maximum near 10 cycles/m. The shape of the spectra for the range 10–100 cycles/m agrees well with that predicted for sharp interfaces that have been smoothed by thermal diffusion.


Abstract INTRODUCTION Decisions made by medical students on future career choice have demonstrated concordance with subsequent postgraduate career path. This study aimed to understand the factors that impact undergraduate career decision making. METHODS An anonymous voluntary survey consisting of binominal, Likert and free text responses was distributed to all medical students registered at Queen's University Belfast (QUB). Data was collected over 6 weeks in April-May 2021. The primary outcome was future career aspirations. The secondary outcomes were the impact of mentorship on career choice, the likelihood of students completing their medical degree and practicing medicine upon graduation. Local ethical approval was obtained. RESULTS 202 responses were received (response rate 15%). 67% (n = 135) were female. One third of respondents remained undecided about their future career choice. Surgery was both the most popular definite career choice (16.3%) of respondents, butalsothespecialtymarkedmostoftenas'Least preferred Specialty' (33%). Factors positively influencing career choice were academic interest and flexibility in working hours. Negative predictors of career choice were lack of interest in the area, perceived workload, and duration of training schemes. 71% (n=144) of respondents reported that a subspecialty mentor would positively influence their career choice and two-thirds of respondents reported that financial factors would influence their career decision. 11% (n= 22) of respondents were unsure or undecided if they would continue medicine as a career upon graduation. CONCLUSION Uncertainty over future career intention remains common with surgery the least popular speciality. Mentorship, integrating flexibility in training and enhancing academic interest should be considered by educational stakeholders as mechanisms to generating undergraduate interest in a subspecialty. Furthermore, the reported rate of students intention to leave their medical degree prior to graduation by this cohort is concerning, warranting further investigation.


This study evaluated the correlation between scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) in relation to breeding age in West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks. A total of 320 WAD bucks from birth to 15 months of age from various farms in Ibadan, Nigeria, were studied. They were grouped as A-birth to 3, B-4 to 7, C-8 to 11 and D-12 to 15 months old respectively, comprising of 80 bucks per group. Semen was collected from 10 randomly selected bucks in each group and analysed. Results showed positive correlation between SC and age; SC increased with age; and at about 8 months of age and over, a consistent SC of 17 cm–18 cm was observed. BW also increased with age; BW significantly affected SC. Also, at 8 months of age and over, SC of 17 cm-18 cm was observed from 9 kg BW and above. However, the correlation between SC and BCS was low and not significant. Semen analysis revealed the best semen quality for groups C and D bucks. In conclusion, we suggest that WAD bucks of 8 months and above, with at least SC between 17 cm–18 cm and of over 9 kg BW, could be used to breed does successfully on the farm.


Optimization of well pattern in coalbed methane reservoir has very critical effect on its effective development through vertical wells.At present,in the form of areal development of several coalbed methane(CBM) reservoirs in China,the selection of vertical well pattern should be further investigated.For effective development and higher recovery,it is essential to optimize well pattern for coalbed methane reservoirs with different formation properties.In this work,for coalbed methane reservoirs with different face cleat permeability and heterogeneity coefficients,reservoir simulation is used to simulate the production with three well patterns including square,rectangle and rhombus,the reasonable range of face cleat permeability and heterogeneity coefficient is obtained for each well pattern.The simulation results indicate that square well pattern is not applicable to the development of coalbed methane reservoir,rectangle well pattern is appropriate to the development of coalbed methane reservoirs with medium,low or ultralow permeability,rhombus well pattern is suitable to the development of coalbed methane reservoirs with medium or high permeability.


Computer based learning environment has been widely discussed, especially in finding a better way to incorporate computer-based activities in the classroom. Lately, the use of computers in the classroom is particularly important in the context of teaching and learning English as a second language. This paper aims to investigate and to understand how computer-based activities are organized in a school situation that is totally dependent on the syllabus. This study is a case study that incorporates classroom observations, field-notes, interviews and written documents. Both computer-based activities and non computer-based activities in ESL classrooms were recorded and anaylsed. This study concludes that the opportunities for students to learn English as a second language using computers are very wide, and the use of L2 can be increased if authentic computer-based activities can be incorporated in the lesson.


In the world of Data Science and machine learning everything starts with data and how well one can use it to get the desired output. But what can be done when enough data is not present. Obviously, overall result will get impacted because of scarcity of data. Hence, to resolve this problem, data augmentation comes into picture which helps to increase dataset size by augmenting it. Data augmentation is an assortment of techniques that facilitates to automatically generate high quality data with the help of existing data. In the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is difficult to augment the text due to huge complexity of language. The process of augmenting text data is more challenging and not as straightforward as one might expect. In this study, the way of doing NLP data augmentation and libraries available for it is explored. Data augmentation techniques, comparison and features of the python libraries which can be used for data augmentation is discussed. It will help researchers and data scientist to decide which library to use for their job.


and the eight nodes were randomly chosen for measurements. The IL received ≤ 300 μmol m-2 s-1 of PPFD while SL received ≥ 1500 μmol m-2 s-1. Curves were performed between 09:00 and 12:00 h (solar time) by exposing leaves to decreasing levels of PPFD for 2-3 min at each level before measurements were taken. Leaf temperature was between 27 and 30 °C and CO2 concentration was set at 370 μmol mol-1. A non-rectangular hyperbola (MARSHALL and BISCOE 1980) was used to model the leaf photosynthetic-light response. This model has four variables (Pnsat, α, θ and Rd) which provide a large degree of flexibility in relation to the shape of the curve (ZUFFEREY et al. 2000). According to these authors, curves fit better with θ values between 0.7 and 1. The photochemical efficiency was calculated as the slope of the lineal portion of the response curve when PPFD ≤ 100 μmol m-2 s-1 (PASIAN and LIETH 1989). Light saturation (Is) and compensation indexes (Ic) were calculated following PASIAN and LIETH (1989). Curve fitting was performed with Table & Curve 2D v.2.03 software (Jandel Scientific, San Rafael, USA). Data analysis was carried out through confidence interval calculation for a p ≤ 0.05. Photosynthetic measurements were performed with a portable open circuit infrared gas analyser (CIRAS-2, PP Systems, Hertfordshire, U.K.), with an automatic leaf-chamber with 2.5 cm2 measurement area (PLC6 (U) CRS121, PP Systems, Hertfordshire, U.K.) and a led unit (PLC6 (U) Broad CRS131, PP Systems, Hertfordshire, U.K.). Leaf temperature was measured with a built-in infrared sensor.


The purpose of the present paper is to introduce several new classes of analytic functions defined by using the Choi-Saigo-Srivastava operator associated with the Dziok-Srivastava operator and to investigate various inclusion properties of these classes. Some interesting applications involving classes of integral operators are also considered.


Remotely sensed environmental variables as indicators of Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) distribution: The paper presents an analysis of the geographic distri- bution of Triatoma infestans based on biophysical variables recorded by meteorological satellites. The analysis includes data derived from a temporal Fourier Analysis of monthly images over a set of 14 derived statistical descriptors of the average, minimum, maximum, variability, ampli- tude and phase of the air temperature, land surface temperature, medium infrared radiation and a vegetation index remotely sensed by the AVHRR. Temporal series covered the period 1982-2000, and the area from Panama to Tierra del Fuego. The analysis of individual variables showed that the annual phase of the normalised difference vegetation index identifies correctly 80% presence and absence sites of Triatoma infestans. The analysis confirms the importance of temperature (es- pecially air temperature) for Triatoma infestans distribution, as 7 (out of 14) statistical descriptors associated with air temperature identified correctly >70% of presence and absence sites. A Stepwise Linear Discriminant Analysis showed that a function with six statistical descriptors (four of them associated with air temperature, one associated with medium infrared radiation, and one with the vegetation index) identified correctly 90% of presence and absence sites of Triatoma infestans. The analysis shows the important association between the environmental variables stud- ied at the continental scale and the distribution of a strictly domestic and haematophagous spe- cies. The approach could be useful for large scale studies of the distribution of other species with more direct and causal relation with vegetation and climate than Triatoma infestans. (Keywords: Triatoma infestans, Chagas disease, geographic distribution, remote sensing.)


We evaluated the clinical effect of Tsumura Shin'i-Seihai-To (TJ-104), a Kampo medicine, in patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps. The subjects of this study were 45 patients aged 12-81 years, who received Shin'i-Seihai-To 7.5g p. o. per day for 12 weeks. The clinical effectiveness was graded according to 4 parameters. Subjective symptoms, objective signs other than nasal polyps, the size of nasal polyps and X ray signs. The patients' Sho was determined from their answers to an easy questionnaire.The effect of Shin'i-Seihai-To was first examined in all patients before their Sho was known. Then the patients were divided into a Jitsu & Ghukan-Sho group in which Shin'i-Seihai-To was effective and a Kyo-Sho group in which was not effective, and the two groups were compared.It is concluded that Shin'i-Seihai-To had the effect on improvement of subjective symptoms and reduced the size of nasal polyps. Furthermore, the improvement in objective signs was significant in relation to Sho.


Funding information Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Grant/Award Number: BNLMSCXTD-202001; National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 21573004, 21790052, 21974004, 51720105003; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 2016YFA0200104, 2018YFA0703502 Abstract When excited by circularly polarized light, the Raman scattered light may have the same or opposite helicity as the incident light determined by the helicity selection rule. For two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogonides (TMDCs), the helicity selection rule can be broken down due to the strong Fröhlich exciton–phonon interaction. However, how the helicity selection rule changes with excitation energy has not been reported yet. Here, we study the helicity-resolved Raman scattering of layered WS2 excited by circularly polarized light for excitations off-excitonic resonance and near resonance to different excitons. We find that for off-resonance excitation, the helicity of E2g mode of WS2 obeys the helicity selection rule determined by the symmetry of crystal structure and vibration modes. When excited near resonance to the B exciton, the breakdown of the helicity selection rule is observed, which is attributed to the appearance of nonzero diagonal elements of the Raman tensor resulted from the Fröhlich exciton–phonon interaction. The layer number dependence of the helicity polarization ratio of the E2g mode shows that the proportion of helicity-conserved component decreases with the increase of layer number. When the excitation energy is near resonance to the A exciton, the different helicity polarization ratio is found and remains unchanged with increasing layer number, which may be attributed to the different coupling strengths of exciton–phonon interactions.


Abstract : The purpose of this study is to examine the Army's supply chain management system for capability gaps in the management of Class IX repair parts and determine if the best practices for civilian supply chain management can be applied to the Army system improving its overall performance. Furthermore, this thesis discusses some of the different practices used by civilian corporations that have been tested and proven to achieve enhanced capabilities and improve supply chain procedures. Finally, this paper examines future strategies adopted by the Army and provided recommendations and additional advice on how to ensure successful implementation and proper evaluation criteria after full solution is completed. These techniques and procedures will provide insight on solutions that will address the bullwhip effect across all stages of the Army supply chain management system and how implementing lessons learned from civilian corporations, the Center for Army Lessons Learned, and Combat Training Centers can vastly improve Army logistics. The overall reason of this study is to identify how the Army can improve fleet readiness by providing Class IX repair parts quickly to the end user and support soldiers with modernized multi-functional logistics in all locations.


Abstract : Laboratory analysis of complex "real-world" samples typically requires a series of time-consuming and labor-intensive steps that include sample preparation, separation, and detection. The emerging technology of microfluidic analytical devices, or "Lab-on-a-Chip" (LOC), allows these functions to be integrated onto a single compact platform. Such devices, due to the design simplicity available through advanced microfabrication technologies, permit the integration of various functional elements such as sample preparation and handling, sample loading, separation, and detection, onto a single microchip platform. Typical analytical microsystems rely on electrokinetic fluid "pumping" of the sample through a network of channels patterned in a planar (glass or plastic) substrate, eliminating the need for external pumps or valves. Microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been shown to provide high-speed analysis with improved separation efficiencies, therefore, are very attractive for addressing some of the security needs currently facing our troops. These needs include the sensitive and selective detection of explosives, whether in oceanic environments (e.g., mines), or as improvised explosive devices (IED). Despite the advantages afforded by these devices, the reduced microfluidic channel dimensions directly affect the sensitivity of most traditional detection technologies and require integrating additional sample preconcentration techniques onto the microchip platform. We discuss the successful application of LOC to the analysis of explosive mixtures. We examine the integration of on-chip solid phase extraction (SPE) techniques for dramatic enhancements in sensitivity.


The research objective was to determine the effect of production, consumption of harvested area and the exchange rate on Indonesian soybean imports. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of time series data for the period 1990-2021. The research method used was Multiple Linear Regression with the help of SPSS version 25 software. The results showed that based on the results of multiple linear analysis, it was concluded that Indonesian soybean imports were significantly influenced by soybean production, soybean consumption, harvested area and the rupiah exchange rate against the dollar. Soybean production has a significant positive effect on soybean imports, while consumption has no significant effect. Harvested area and the rupiah-dollar exchange rate had a significant negative effect on soybean imports.


The agricultural technology innovation process is involved in this paper as the research object,and the agricultural technology innovation system constraints faced by each subject were discussed.The agricultural science and technology financial investment in the innovation process mechanisms are also briefly described,and finally the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for the agricultural technology innovation process involved in each subject,each stage.


A practicum was designed for parents to acquire the understanding, skills, resources, materials, and wherewithal to supil-nrt the emergent literacy development of their young (preschool) children. A "Home-School Library" was established for students to have developmentally appropriate books available for parents to read to their children at home daily. Literacy workshops were conducted demonstrating activities and the importance of parents upon the emergent literacy development of their young children. Parent-child activities involving literacy were held in the classroom to enhance parental involvement. Written and oral surveys of the students (about 20) and their parents were conducted to determine the literacy nen-is of both groups. Results indicate that parents did not have the wherew.thal to support the emergent literacy development of their young children. Analysis of data after the implementation had been completed revealed that: (1) parents had a variety of books available to read to their children daily; (2) the number of parents reading books to their children daily increased; (3) the number of parents participating in parent-child activities in school had increased; and (4) the number of parents indicating that they felt "more confident" reading to their children increased. (Contains 39 references and one table of data. Appendixes presents survey instruments, parent comment: sheets, bookmarks, and the texts of a story and a song.) (Author/RS) *************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** A Classroom-Home Library: Supporting the Emergent Literacy Development of Preschool Children Through Parental Involvement


The invention discloses a head lamp fixing device, comprising an installation base and a pedestal; the installation base comprises a first part used for fixing a head lamp, and a second part positioned below the first part; a holding tank matched with the second part is formed in the pedestal; the second part can be placed in the holding tank in a rotatable manner. The invention also discloses a lighting device, comprising the head lamp fixing device and the head lamp; the head lamp is fixed in the head lamp fixing device. The head lamp is fixed on the first part of the installation base, the second part can rotate in the holding tank on the pedestal, thus the first part is driven to rotate, then the head lamp is driven to rotate, the irradiation angle of the head lamp can be adjusted, and use by a customer is facilitated.


As a main theorist of "Tongguangti", Chenyan 's viewpoint "combining the scholar's poem with the poet's poem" has indefinite actual connotation, but demonstrates the poetic theory based on self-cultivation, including spiritual subject, poetic ideal and pays close attention to the realistic social culture.


The siege of Sarajevo 1992-1996 is often discussed in terms of the flourishing cultural scene or the struggle of civilians to survive. The childhood experiences of those who grew up in Sarajevo during the war have been explored and written about, but rarely has there been anything published about the positive experiences of their daily lives. The aim of this research is to provide a deeper understanding of the complexity of a war childhood by examining the perception of the positivity of children. By using a thematic narrative analysis this paper explores the perception of children's positivity during the war in Sarajevo in interviews provided by the War Childhood Museum. The analysis is written through the lens of the concepts normalisation, victimisation and memorisation. The paper identifies the existence of positivity and six factors which contributed to the creation of positive experiences: creativity, relationship to neighbours, children's perspectives, shifted realities, 'Sarajevo humour' and the resistance of children. This study contributes to the understanding of the complexity of a war childhood in Sarajevo with results that can be transferred to other war zones.


Motivated by recent experimental proposals to search for extragalactic cosmic rays (including antimatter from distant galaxies), we study particle propagation through the intergalactic medium (IGM). We first use estimates of the magnetic field strength between galaxies to constrain the mean free path for diffusion of particles through the IGM. We then develop a simple analytic model to describe the diffusion of cosmic rays. Given the current age of galaxies, our results indicate that, in reasonable models, a completely negligible number of particles can enter our Galaxy from distances greater than ~100 Mpc for relatively low energies (E < 106 GeV nucleon-1). We also find that particle destruction in galaxies along the diffusion path produces an exponential suppression of the possible flux of extragalactic cosmic rays. Finally, we use gamma-ray constraints to argue that the distance to any hypothetical domains of antimatter must be roughly comparable to the horizon scale.


Hydrophobicizing dispersion gel comprising, based on a total amount of 100 wt .-%, the components: (A) 50-80 wt .-% alkyltrialkoxysilane (B) 0.3-1.0 wt .-% branched polyacrylic acid, (C) 0.5-2.0 wt .-% of non-surface-active amine oxide, (B) 0.2-1.0 wt .-% surface-active amine oxide, (E) 5.0 to 12 wt .-% of nonionic surfactant and (F) 8.0 to 40 wt .-% water, wherein the non-surface-active amine oxide is (C) an amine oxide of the general formula I, wherein R wherein the amine oxide surfactant is selected and wherein the alkyltrialkoxysilane (A) is present alone or in mixture of a plurality Alkyltrialkoxylsilanen or as a partial condensate of one or more Alkyltrialkoxylsilane.


Synthesis of ethylene carbonate (EC) from urea and ethylene glycol was investigated in a batch reactor using La(NO3)3 as catalyst. The reaction was performed under reduced pressure to remove the byproduct ammonia. The effect of various operation conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time and reaction pressure on the EC yield was explored. It was found that the reaction pressure is a key parameter for the formation of EC. At atmospheric pressure, the reaction cannot happen. As the reaction pressure decreases, the EC yield increases significantly. Under the optimum operation conditions, which are reaction pressure 15 KPa, reaction temperature 413 K, reaction time 3 h, and catalyst concentration 10 wt.%, the EC yield can reach to 93%.


Considers the problem of stability of the enhanced strain elements in the presence of large deformations. The standard orthogonality condition between the enhanced strains and constant stresses ensures satisfaction of the patch test and convergence of the method in case of linear elasticity. However, this does not hold in the case of large deformations. By analytic derivation of the element eigenvalues in large strain states additional orthogonality conditions can be derived, leading to a stable formulation, regardless of the magnitude of deformations. Proposes a new element based on a consistent formulation of the enhanced gradient with respect to new orthogonality conditions which it retains with four enhanced modes volumetric and shear locking free behaviour of the original formulation and does not exhibit hour‐glassing for large deformations.


To the Editor:— Since its introduction in obstetrics, paraldehyde has proved to be a valuable analgesic agent in labor. In addition to its excellent analgesic and amnesic properties, its usefulness has been greatly enhanced by the relaxation and sleep it affords the parturient patient between pains. Most physicians who have used this drug have been impressed with the wide margin of safety it enjoys over other commonly employed analgesics. In the hands of different obstetricians, and with varying technics of administration, it has been found to possess a high degree of safety for both mother and child. Hanson (California & West. Med.47:191 [Sept.] 1937) has reported a case in which an overdose (120 cc.) of paraldehyde was given rectally during labor, with complete recovery of the mother and the delivery of a normal infant in good condition. Yet reports of 4 cases have appeared in the literature incriminating


The essence of distance learning is considered, including in the context of the realization of the right to education. It is stated that during the pandemic, only individual components of this educational technology were implemented. Its main organizational and content features, as well as the perceptions of full-time students regarding its effectiveness and level of psychological comfort are analyzed. The most significant shortcomings of the distance learning option that was used in a number (if not most) of universities are revealed


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                  </jats:inline-formula>-pseudo-almost periodic coefficient and mixed delays.</jats:p>


Introduces the computational method of technical parameters of the tramcars escape preventing device,analyzes the causes of tramcars accident,focuses on the analysis of case of tramcars accident which is caused by over-slack rope,and puts forward some countermeasures.


In April, 1912, Dr. Abraham Sophian, then of the Research Laboratory of the New York Board of Health, and I conducted a series of experiments to determine, as well as laboratory methods will permit, the value of prophylactic vaccination against epidemic meningitis. Injections of meningococcic vaccine were made on ten medical students who volunteered for the work. The details of this work with the results obtained were reported inThe Journal. 1 Eleven months later I repeated these experiments to determine what, if any, immunity could be demonstrated after the lapse of this time. Eight of the original ten vaccinated students were accessible. The technic used in the complement-fixation studies was identical with that formerly reported. The results of this study were reported inThe Journal. 2 With the effort to make this work as nearly complete as possible, I undertook in May, 1914, twelve and twenty-four months from the


This article presents a general profile of womens work participation in India. Of the 318.2 million women in India in 1981 46 million were engaged in economic activities (14.5% crude activity rate). Work participation varies widely by region as a result of ecologic variation in crop production and religious factors with higher rates in western and southern India. Unmarried women have the lowest participation rate and divorced/separated women the highest. The age-specific participation rate suggests that marriage and child care responsibilities are not a deterrent to employment. Cultivators and agricultural laborers comprise 80% of women workers. Most of these women work on tea plantations where they perform the most arduous and menial jobs. Bidi (indigenous cigarette) is another principal occupation for women as is retail trade. Most nonmodern sector employment of women is in the informal sector meaning that women work irregular hours and often do not have a fixed wage rate. As a result these women are highly vulnerable to exploitation which varies with the severity of their economic need. An additional 18% of women workers are employed in the modern sector largely in teaching. Both direct and indirect wage discrimination is widespread. Female plantation workers receive 75-85% of male wages and women in the construction industries are paid less than the prescribed minimum wage. However the government of India upholds the principle of equal pay for equal work and encourages workers to appeal wage discrimination to the Supreme Court. Wage differentials are perpetuated by womens immobility and lack of consciousness about the importance of their work and the benefits to which they are entitled. Women contribute 30-60% of total family income making their work participation crucial to family survival.


Background: In the traditional system of medicine, the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Gg) (family: Leguminosae) have been studied for their ability to improve a variety of health ailments. Aims: The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of Gg root extract on learning and memory in 1-month-old male Wistar albino rats. Four doses (75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/kg) of aqueous extract of root of Gg was administered orally for six successive weeks. Materials and Methods: The aqueous extracts were evaluated for their effect on spatial learning and memory in rats using the elevated plus maze, Hebb–William maze, and Morris water maze tests which served as the exteroceptive behavioral model. Diazepam-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioral model. Results: Results showed that all the doses of aqueous root extract of Gg significantly enhanced the memory; however, in the doses of 150 and 225 mg/kg, it showed a significant (P < 0.01) enhancement in learning and memory. Furthermore, Diazepam-induced amnesia was reversed by the aqueous root extract of Gg (150 and 225 mg/kg, p.o.). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the memory enhancement effects of Gg may be mediated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, Gg appears to be a promising drug for improving memory in the management of impaired learning, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders.


After 1949, the emerging Cold War imposed global strategic importance on Southeast Asia. The communist revolution in China, and the United Nations and Chinese interventions in the Korean War brought the struggle between spreading communism and containing it into the heart of Asia. The struggle for the support of the overseas Chinese is interesting because the audience was pulled at least three ways; the goals and priorities of the United States (US) and the Republic of China (ROC) in the region were not always the same, and host governments often added their voices in opposition to both communist and containment themes. For promoting assimilation into local societies, the goals of US and the People's Republic of China (PRC) goals were far more compatible than those of the US and the ROC. American and mainland Chinese organizations realized they could not continue to address the overseas Chinese as a unified diaspora. Keywords: Chinese diaspora; Communism; overseas Chinese; People's Republic of China (PRC); Republic of China (ROC); US policy of containment


Oestradiol (E2) protects skeletal muscle of male and female rats after exercise as evidenced by a lower release of a muscle enzyme, creatine kinase (CK) [ l ] and its isoenzymes MM and BB [2], and less morphological damage, assessed 48 h after exercise on cryosections [3]. This protective effect could be reproduced when muscles of animals, that had been treated with E2 before an experiment, were taken out and made to contract in an organ bath. The efflux of CK was measured every 30 min during 4 hours after the electrically-stimulated contractions to monitor muscle damage [4]. Tamoxifen, a partial E2 agonist, mimicked this protection when muscles of animals treated with tamoxifen were studied in the in vitro set up [5]. In explaining these phenomena a direct interaction of E2 or tamoxifen with membranes was considered, but dropped, due to lack of evidence and the obvious hormonal effects [ 1,5]. During exercise skeletal muscle may increase its 0, consumption 100-200 times. It is, thus, reasonable to assume that free radical mediated processes, such as lipid peroxidation, play an important role in the etiology of exercise-induced muscle damage. Indeed, the production of radicals is enhanced during exercise [6], and experiments rats have shown that rats, fed a vitamin-Edeficient diet for 6 weeks, showed more morphological signs of muscle damage than controls [3]. CK-efflux was also significantly higher than in controls. Interestingly, male rats showed much more tissue damage and a much higher CK-efflux than females, who only displayed minor signs of damage. Taken together, these experiments led us to conclude that female rats enjoy extra protection, also during vitamin-E-deficiency, from circulating E2. Others have also found that the vitamin E status in females, in contrast to that of males, does not affect training and exercise outcome [7]. E2 is a potent scavenger, and tamoxifen has been shown to have membrane-stabilising and anti-oxidant properties [8]. Our observations and those of others support the view that the protective effect of E2 and tamoxifen is not receptor-mediated, but due to an interaction with free radicals that are formed during exercise. We therefore now propose that musculoprotection is mediated by direct effects of oestrogen and tamoxifen on the membrane, leading to increased antioxidant defense. CK (total and isoenzyme) efflux after 2 hour treadmill exercise of vitamin-Edeficient male and female rats.


Annotation. The dermatoglyphic method of research, having gone through more than a century of development and transformation, from the stage of application to the comparison of fingerprints and palms to the method of detecting susceptibility to certain diseases, has become an integral, time-tested method in medicine. However, its main field of application is still forensic medicine, in particular, forensic criminalistics and the identification of unknown persons. The emergence of a large number of works and new methods of obtaining and analyzing dermatoglyphic indicators requires a systematic review and analysis in order to organize new knowledge in this area. The analysis of literature sources indicates the rapid development and justification of the use of digital methods to obtain dermatoglyphs of fingers and toes, palms and feet and further processing of digital images, and the use of artificial neural networks to improve expertise to identify an unknown person.


Paintings are essential components of culture heritage all over the world. Paints consist of organic and inorganic nutrients that can stimulate the growth of the microorganism. Many of the components present in paint are biodegradable. Paint is used for the protection of the substrate materials. The purpose of paint is to provide good appearance. Paint is a surface coating polymer based products. It is often discoloured by mould and blue stain, this leads to loss of paints. Biodeterioration arise from interaction among substrate, environment and organisms. The fungi degrade the paint film by producing extracellular enzymes such as ligninase, cellulose and organic acids. The most commonly used method is the addition of antifungal agent in the paint composition, which may acts as a biocide and inhibits the mould growth on paint and painted surface. Therefore the present study was aimed to isolate and identified the mouldy growth on fabric paints especially in green and red colors. The effective control of fungi in the paints was controlled using appropriate antifungal agent. Silver nitrate is very effective in killing fungal species that causes decay and deterioration of paint or paint film even at low concentration.


By leveraging performance assessment systems (PASs) and incorporating targeted strategies, utilities can enhance the overall effectiveness, reliability, efficiency, and environmental performance of their wastewater treatment facilities. This work presents the results obtained from a comprehensive analysis of treatment reliability and energy performance of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results allowed identifying, for each WWTP, improvement needs related to the aeration energy requirements, as well as to determine the effluent concentration targets required to achieve higher reliability levels while potentially reducing running costs. By analysing reliability combined with energy efficiency, this methodology allowed identifying the WWTPs' performance-limiting stages or dysfunctions that affect both effectiveness and efficiency, to estimate the investment needs and prioritize the rehabilitation or even retrofitting of facilities' assets.


ABSTRACT: The relation of possession in the Asurini language of Xingu is analyzed in terms of semantic, morphological and syntactic criteria. Nouns are divided in three sub-classes according to semantic criteria: inalienable, alienable and non-possessed. Morphologically, inalienable nouns always appear accompanied by the relational prefix r-, alienable nouns may or may not be accompanied by this prefix, and non-possessed nouns do not accept the prefix. Syntactically, inalienable nouns always occur as dependent nuclei, alienable nouns may occur as either dependent or independent nuclei, and non-possessed nouns occur only as independent nuclei.


Objective:To investigate the value of pulse pressure levels in risk stratification outcomes evaluation in senile patients with essension hypertension who received Percutaneous Coronary Intervention(PCI).Methods:We studied 138 consecutive patients who received PCI.Brachial Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured.The severity of coronary artery stenosis was shown as the score of coronary artery.According to PP60 mm Hg they were divided into the following groups: PP60 mm Hg group(52 cases) and PP≤60mmHg group(86 cases).The clinical characteristics and major cardiovascular event(MACE) at follow-up period of a mean18.6 ± 4.3 months were analyzed.Results: The percentage of older patients,male,hypertension,diabetes,type C lesion,three artery and the score of coronary artery were higher in PP60mmHg group compared with those in PP≤60mmHg group.(all P0.05=.The incidence of in-hospital non-fatal myocardial infarction and cardiac mortality was significantly higher in PP60mmHg group than that in PP≤60mmHg group.(respectively 16.8%vs8.8%,5.2%vs2.3% and 1.3%vs0.8%,all P0.05).Multi-logistic analysis showed that incidences of in-hospital MACE were related to PP、DBP and diabetes.OR were respectively 1.043(95%CI 1.038-1.163),-1.014(95%CI-1.138-1.013),1.011(95% CI 0.008-1.023).Incidences of MACE were relationship with diabetes and myocardial infarction.OR were respectively 1.126(95%CI 1.067-1.232),1.121(95%CI 1.044-1.241).Conclusions: Pulse pressure was the simplest parameter reflecting large artery elasticity and closely related to the severity of coronary artery stenosis.PP was associated with the increases in incidences of MACE and procedure-related complication.This parameter could be a marker of cardiovascular risk,instructing early intervention.


The change of pellet proportion in burden composition of WISGCO'S BF is expatiated.The proper increment of proportion of imported pellets can optimize technical and economic indexes of BF.As the proportion of pellets in burden is less than 12%,it is not necessary to adjust the charging process.But when the proportion of pellets in burden is larger than 20%,some methods should be taken correspondingly to prevent the jam in the center area of BF.The pellet quality predominates their proportions.High quality pellets are essential for smooth operation of BF.Through comparing and analyzing,the reasonable burden composition of WISGCO's BF is as following: sinters((65%~70%))+ pellets(20%~25%)+quality lump iron ore.


Reinforcement learning (RL) [18], especially its deep variant relying on modern neural networks, is probably the most fashionable method for attacking problems in our machine learning (ML) era. The impressive successes in board games [13] or on the ATARI benchmark [3] justify the excitement. Moreover, it is very appealing to have the machine look for a solution unbiased by our preconceptions, since this intuitively increases the chances of discovering brand new strategies. However, we should also be aware of the various shortcomings of the approach [4]. In automatic theorem proving (ATP), we have seen the Monte-Carlo tree search paradigm [8] extend a connection tableaux prover [7] or, more recently, a saturation-based setup called TRAIL [1], featuring an interesting idea of multiplicative attention for expressing a dependence on prover's state. Despite the partial successes, we still seem to be far from getting a system that could challenge a state-of-the-art prover in a real-time evaluation (Kaliszyk et al. [7] use abstract time, TRAIL falls short of improving over plain E [11]), let alone on a versatile benchmark such as the TPTP library [17] (both mentioned works target a more uniform Mizar benchmark).


Glasses have been used as the most versatile engineering materials for more than five decades.
Chalcos is a Greek word which means ore former and glasses prepared by particular chalcogenide
of group VI element of the periodic table or by their compounds have been known for more
than 50 years as an optical material. The primary objective is to provide up to date description of the
development in the field of optical and electrical properties of MWCNTs additive chalcogenide glasses.
An extensive survey of relevant literature was carried out using sophisticated libraries, virtual media,
different research laboratories, internet and also by personal contact with the senior researcher of
this field. The exponential increase in D.C. conductivity was observed on increasing the CNT concentration.
Inter nanotube connections increase which results in modification of chemical bond formation
with increased CNT concentration. It has been observed that the optical band gap of CNT doped chalcogenide
glass increases which may be attributed to the fact that CNT added to to the glasses retards
the motion of charge carriers and may raise the optical bandgap. The electrical and optical properties
of CNT additives chalcogenide glasses have been reviewed. Several applications based on CNT doped
glasses have also been discussed, including the development of ionic memories, sensors, optical
waveguides, holography, solid-state batteries, optical, and non-linear optical devices.


We design a conservative finite difference scheme for ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations that attains high-order accuracy, shock-capturing, and a divergence-free condition of the magnetic field. The scheme interpolates pointwise physical variables from computational nodes to midpoints through a high-order nonlinear weighted average. The numerical flux is evaluated at the midpoint by a multistate approximate Riemann solver for correct upwinding, and its spatial derivative is approximated by a high-order linear central difference to update the variables with the designed order of accuracy and conservation. The magnetic and electric fields are defined at staggered grid points employed in the constrained transport (CT) method by Evans & Hawley. We propose a new CT variant, in which the staggered electric field is evaluated so as to be consistent with the base one-dimensional Riemann solver, and the staggered magnetic field is updated to be divergence-free as designed by the high-order finite difference representation. We demonstrate various benchmark tests to measure the performance of the present scheme. We discuss the effect of the choice of interpolation methods, Riemann solvers, and the treatment for the divergence-free condition on the quality of numerical solutions in detail.


Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the roles of cardiometabolic factors (including blood pressure, blood lipids, thyroid function, body mass, and insulin sensitivity) in mediating the causal effect of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. Design Two-step, two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) study. Setting International genome-wide association study (GWAS) consortia data. Exposure Type 2 diabetes, blood pressure: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP); blood lipids: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG); thyroid function: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism; body mass index (BMI), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), and insulin sensitivity. Main Outcomes Cardiovascular disease includes coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Methods Summary-level data for exposures and main outcomes were extracted from GWAS consortia. We used two-sample MR to illustrate the causal effect of T2DM on CVD subtypes and regression-based MVMR to quantify the possible mediation effects of cardiometabolic factors on CVD. Results Each additional unit of log odds of T2DM increased 16% risk of CHD [odds ratio (OR): 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12–1.21], 15% risk of myocardial infarction (MI) (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10–1.20), and 10% risk of stroke (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06–1.13). In mediation analysis, SBP, DBP, and TG were found as main mediators, while the mediation effects of other cardiometabolic factors were not significant. The proportion of total effect of T2DM on CHD mediated by SBP, DBP, and TG was 16% (95% CI: 8–24%), 7% (95% CI: 1–13%) and 10% (95% CI: 2–18%), respectively. Mediation effect of SBP and DBP on MI and stroke, TG on MI was also prominent, while mediation effect of TG on stroke was not significant. The combined mediation effect of all the three mediators accounted for 29%, 26%, and 13% of the total effect of T2DM on CHD, MI, and stroke, respectively. Conclusion Systolic blood pressure, DBP, and TG mediate a substantial proportion of the causal effect of T2DM on CVD and thus interventions on these factors might reduce the considerable excess risk of CVD among patients with T2DM.