The treatment of mid-and low rectal cancer is a challenging issue. Lateral spread of cancer cells to the pelvic side wall, sphincter preservation technique in a narrow pelvis, ultra-low ananstomosis, a high local recurrent rate, and unsatisfactory anorectal function of low anastomosis are all problems which should be solved. Total mesorectal excision resection is now the standard procedure. Lateral pelvic side wall lymph node dissection is not widely accepted as a routine procedure because of high morbidity. Now it is largely replaced by preoperative CCRT (concurrent chemoradiotherapy). Construction of a colon pouch for ultra-low anastomosis is well accepted for improvement of anorectal function after resection for lower rectal cancers.


Abstract To assess potential changes in tundra-nesting bird populations relative to increased herbivory by growing Lesser Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's Goose (C. rossii) populations, we estimated avian population densities in coastal tundra near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada in June 1984, 1999, and 2000. We also compared bird abundance in altered and intact freshwater sedge (Carex spp.) meadows to assess bird response at a smaller spatial scale, the habitat patch. At the landscape scale, Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) densities were significantly greater in both 1999 and 2000 than 1984, and Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) and Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) densities were greater in 2000 than 1984. As a group, tundra-nesting passerine densities were significantly greater in 1999 than 1984. Dunlin (Calidris alpina) densities were significantly lower in 1999 than 1984, and many larger, ground-nesting birds declined in abundance and occurrence along transects in later years. At the smaller spatial scale, passerines and shorebirds were less abundant in altered than intact freshwater sedge meadows. Our results indicate that most abundant breeding birds on the study area did not exhibit lower densities in later years despite increased effects of goose herbivory on vegetation. At the habitat patch scale, the same groups of species had lower abundances in altered versus largely intact habitats. Although goose herbivory can alter tundra vegetation and lead to lower abundance of several bird species, habitat alteration may have to be widespread and severe to elicit population declines over a large area.


...................................................................................................................................... ii Table des matières...................................................................................................................... iii Liste des tableaux ........................................................................................................................ v Liste des figures ......................................................................................................................... vi Liste des abréviations ............................................................................................................... viii Remerciements ........................................................................................................................... xi General introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 I. Literature review ................................................................................................................. 2 1. Neural control of locomotion .......................................................................................... 2 a. Basic locomotion ........................................................................................................ 2 b. Supraspinal control of locomotion .............................................................................. 9 c. Voluntary gait modification ...................................................................................... 12 2. The Basal Ganglia ......................................................................................................... 16 a. Structure and pathways of the basal ganglia ............................................................. 16 b. Basal ganglia pathological activity ........................................................................... 18 3. The Subthalamic Nucleus ............................................................................................. 20 a. Anatomical connections ............................................................................................ 21 b. Clinical implications of subthalamic dysfunction..................................................... 24 c. Relationship of subthalamic activity to movement .................................................. 26 d. Relationship of subthalamic activity to locomotion ................................................ 28 4. Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 28 II. Methods............................................................................................................................. 29 III. Results ........................................................................................................................... 35 IV. Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 52


We describe some key issues involved in building an intelligent tutoring system for the ill-defined domain of interpersonal and intercultural skill acquisition. We discuss the consideration of mixed-result actions (actions with pros and cons), categories of actions (e.g., required steps vs. rules of thumb), the role of narrative, and reflective tutoring, among other topics. We present these ideas in the context of our work on an intelligent tutor for ELECT BiLAT, a game-based system to teach cultural awareness and negotiation skills for bilateral engagements. The tutor provides guidance in two forms: (1) as a coach that gives hints and feedback during an engagement with a virtual character, and (2) during an after-action review to help the learner reflect on their choices. Learner activities are mapped to learning objectives, which include whether the actions represent positive or negative evidence of learning. These underlie an expert model, student model, and models of coaching and reflective tutoring that support the learner. We describe several other cultural and interpersonal training systems that situate learners in goal-based social contexts that include interaction with virtual characters and automated guidance. Finally, our future work includes evaluations of learning, expansion of the coach and reflective tutoring strategies, and integration of deeper knowledge-based resources that capture more nuanced cultural aspects of interaction.


AbstractThe interaction of synoptic and mesoscale circulations with the steep topography surrounding the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, greatly influences the wind patterns in the region of the Ross Ice Shelf. The topography provides forcing for features such as katabatic winds, barrier winds, and barrier wind corner jets. The combination of topographic forcing and synoptic and mesoscale forcing from cyclones that traverse the Ross Ice Shelf sector create a region of strong but varying winds. This paper identifies the dominant surface wind patterns over the Ross Ice Shelf using output from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model run within the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System and the method of self-organizing maps (SOM). The dataset has 15-km grid spacing and is the first study to identify the dominant surface wind patterns using data at this resolution. The analysis shows that the Ross Ice Shelf airstream, a dominant stream of air flowing northward from the interior of the continent over the western...


How does one go from a position of low or no confidence to one which exudes confidence? Let's first acknowledge that this isn't an overnight process. It is a journey which requires dedication and attention to complete. Throughout the journey, with little effort, confidence will grow in many areas. For example, a trial attorney usually develops confidence in his or her professional skills after completing a number of trials. Or, a young rainmaker eventually becomes a confident polished and accomplished public speaker after doing a number of lessthan-stellar presentations.


With plant tissue culture method,effect to Brassica napus L.leaf and stem segments under different concentrations of the additional KT,6-BA,NAA,2,4-D of the MS callus induction medium was studied.Results and Conclusion: When varieties of oilseed Brassica napus L.seed disinfection method used two types of training,a low pollution rate was observed.For B1,B10 and A5 varieties,the second disinfection(75% alcohol 2 min+0.1% HgCl2 20 min) showed better effect;and for B4 two methods(75% alcohol 2 min+0.1% HgCl2 20 min,75% alcohol 3 min+0.1% HgCl2 30 min) showed little difference.B1,B4,B10,A5 Brassica napus L.leaf and stem callus induction results showed that all combinations of different hormones in leaf and stem callus induction and growth were greatly affected.MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L was the best medium for callus induction and growth.


The purpose was to arrive adequate doses of midazolam and propofol infusion for sedation during spinal anesthesia, and whether AAI could be an indicator of adequate sedation level. Thirty patients aged 30 to 70 years scheduled for spinal anesthesia were premedicated with midazolam 0.06 mg/kg and atropine 0.01 mg/kg intramuscularly 15 minutes before anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia was performed with 10 mg hyperbaric tetracaine. Midazolam 0.02 mg/kg was intravenously administered and propofol infusion was started at 2.5 mg/kg / h and stopped at the end of surgery. To keep auditory evoked potentials index (AAI) between 40 and 60, propofol infusion dose was up and down by 0.5 mg/kg / h every 5 minutes. The Observer's assessment of alertness/sedation (OAAS) scale was checked every 10 minutes. The discrepancy was judged as AAI outside of 40 to 60 when OAAS scale was 3 or 4. Recovery time was measured as the time from the end of surgery to when OAAS scale became 5. AAI decreased below 40 in 10 minutes after start of sedation. The propofol infusion dose was 1.5 ± 0.75 mg/kg / h. In 180 points measured AAI and OAAS scale simultaneously, 12 points had discrepancy between them. Recovery time was 8.5 ± 2.6 minutes. In conclusion, during spinal anesthesia, after premedication with intramuscular midazolam 0.06 mg/kg, intravenous midazolam 0.02 mg/kg followed by propofol infusion at 1.5 mg/kg / h could provide rapid and adequate sedation. AAI might be useful to keep adequate sedation.


The utility model discloses a remote viewing system of a transformer substation, which comprises a digital transformer substation system (1), protocol analyzing equipment (2), a digital monitoring system (3) and a digital monitoring platform (4). The protocol analyzing equipment (2) is connected with the digital monitoring system (3); the digital monitoring system (3) is connected with the digital monitoring platform (4); and the digital transformer substation system (1) is connected with the protocol analyzing equipment (2) through one-way network isolating equipment (5). The remote viewing system of the transformer substation can transmit the remote signaling information of primary equipment by utilizing a GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) message in IEC61850 (International Electrotechnical Commission 61850), and a remote viewing function is achieved by combining with a video linkage function in the digital monitoring system.


AbstractThe temperature-dependent light scattering properties of cholesteric liquid crystals are used as both the sensing and indicating mechanism in the formation of a passive method for monitoring non-ionizing radiation. All the monitor needs for operation is ambient light and the radiation to be measured. Radiation and thermal response characteristics are given for tests at 2.45 GHz and power density levels from 1 to 15 m W|cm2. The effects of different design and fabrication methods on the operation of the monitor are also presented.


Language contains the thoughts and culture of human beings, so the interlingual translation has been treated as cross-culture communication. Chinese idioms are the quintessence of Han Nationality culture, and due to many differences existed in history, religion and natural environment between Chinese and western countries, the cultural context can't be ignored during the process of translation.Moreover, as a kind of social activities, translation must be influenced by some social factors, such as social development and readers in target society. Therefore, translators should fully consider culture, social factors and readers and translate the cultural connotation of Chinese idioms for western readers by taking different translation strategies to deepen their understanding of Chinese idioms and effectively promote global culture exchange.


According to the hybrid recycling closed-supply chain system composed of one manufacturer and one retailer, the manufacturer and the retailer simultaneously recycle waste products in the consumer market. Under decentralized decision-making conditions, build the closed-loop supply chain game model of different market powers and centralized decision-making model, give the decision variable values respectively, and confirm the conclusion of this paper through numerical example. It showed that the centralized decisions are always superior to decentralized decisions. In decentralized decisions, structure without leader is superior to the retailer-oriented structure which is at the same time superior to the manufacturer-oriented structure. But a structure without a leader is unstable so that the manufacturer and the retailer all compete for being the leader. With the increase of recovery and utilization rate, the whole expected profits of the manufacturer, the retailer and the supply chain also increase.


DNS is a critical infrastructure of the global Internet. To assure DNS's efficient and robust operations, each domain, especially each of the Top-Level-Domains (TLDs), should deploy multiple redundant nameservers in diverse locations. To assess the robustness of TLD nameserver deployment regarding the nameserver redundancy and location diversity, we conduct a measurement study by sending special DNS queries and running traceroute to TLD nameservers from about 200 PlanetLab sites. By combining the measurement data with other data sources including IP address assignment, BGP routing tables, and IP address location inference, we identify the nameserver providers for all TLDs and the locations of their servers. Our results suggest that TLD nameservers are adequately distributed as of today, more than 90% TLDs can survive from single point failure. We also observe that many TLD nameservers are co-located at a small group of "hot spots". We conduct simulations to evaluate the impact of such co-locations. Our results show that failure of single hot spot does not affect robustness of TLD services.


56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,379,085 4/1983 Williams et al. .................... 424/101 Primary Examiner-Sam Rosen Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Lester E. Johnson; Theodore J. Leitereg 57 ABSTRACT Compositions containing a concentrate of coagulation Factors II, VII, IX, and X are pasteurized without sub stantial loss of therapeutic activity by mixing the pro tein composition with a pasteurization-stabilizing amount of a polyol and a source of citrate ions prior to pasteurization. Pasteurized compositions containing a concentrate of coagulation Factors II, VII, IX, and X, which have heretofore been unattainable, can be pre pared by the method of the invention.


A study was carried out to identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from chibuku that would be later assessed for potential as starter cultures. Thirty-eight isolates were Gram stained and the 20, which were Gram positive, were identified to genus level using morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. Five genera of lactic acid bacteria were identified and these were Lactobacillus (seven isolates coded B1, B2, C4, E3, E6, F1 and F4), Lactococcus (five isolates: E1, F5, G5, G6 and H1), Leuconostoc (three isolates: E2, D5, F6), Streptococcus (two isolates: G2 and G4) and Enterococcus (three isolates: B3, B4 and G3).
From these genera, eleven isolates five from the genus Lactobacillus, three from Lactococcus and three from Leuconostoc were selected for identification to species level using API 50 CH kits. The Lactobacillus strains were identified as follows: two strains were Lb plantarum (C4 and F4), two strains Lb. delbrueckii (B2 and E3), one strain could not be assigned to a species and was termed Lactobacillus sp. E6. Two of the Lactococcus isolates were identified as Lc. lactis subsp. lactis (G6 and H1), while the third isolate was Lc. raffinolactis (strain F5). The three Leuconostoc strains were Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides.
Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria; Sorghum beer (chibuku); Starter culture; Identification J Food Tech in Africa (2002) 7, 93-97


This work is aimed at studying circulation conditions of the abnormally cold winter of 2005-2006 over Siberia where the intensification of meridian air exchange was accompanied by a frequent invasion of cold air masses into temperate latitudes and their precipitation in lower layers of troposphere. Stratospheric warming and long-term blocking processes in troposphere over Europe and Yakutia preceded the development of deep high-latitude cyclones over Siberia and the Urals. High-latitude convergence over Siberia was accompanied by a strong cyclonic wind shift and intensification of jet stream. On the whole, weakening of western transfer within the significant layer of atmosphere, decrease of a number of deep cyclones in the Western Arctic, as well as stratospheric warming create a high level of predictability of short-period climatic changes over Siberia in winter.


For many households, housing-related expenditures make up a substantial share of total consumption. This article aims to shed some light on households' current housing expenses in Austria, Germany and Italy. To this end, we use national data from the 2014 Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) to calculate the current housing expenditure (the ratio of current housing expenses to household net income). Comparing these three countries we see that the housing expenditure is lowest in Italy, with an average (mean) of 22% (median: 17%), and highest in Germany (mean: 37%, median: 31%). The average housing expenditure in Austria is 29% (median: 26%). In all three countries, the housing expenditure decreases as income and/or wealth increases. The current housing expenditure of tenants is higher than that of homeowners. On average, homeowners' housing expenditure amounts to 21% in Austria, 31% in Germany and 19% in Italy, whereas the average housing expenditure of tenants is 39% in Austria, 44% in Germany and 36% in Italy. In particular, homeowners without outstanding housing loans have a relatively low current housing expenditure. The difference between the median current housing expenditure of indebted owners and that of owners without debt is 10% in Austria, 17% in Germany and 19% in Italy. Differences across surveys still make international comparisons of housing expenses difficult. However, the availability of HFCS data has improved the situation considerably.


Multispeed transmissions are helpful for improvement of the economy and drivability of electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, we propose a two-speed transmission based on dual planetary gear mechanism, in which shifts are realized by torque transfer between two brakes located on ring gears. To synthesize the dynamic and economic performances of the vehicle, a multiobjective optimization problem is constructed for gear ratio optimization and Pareto-optimal solutions of gear ratio combinations are obtained by Nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). In particular, the minimum electric energy consumption of the EV is calculated with a fast Dynamic Programming (DP) in each iteration. Following this, a constant-output-torque control (COTC) scheme is adopted for the torque phase and inertia phase of gearshift process to ensure constant output torque on the wheel. To enhance transient responses, the feedforward–feedback controller structure is applied and a disturbance observer is integrated to improve robustness. Simulation results demonstrate that the two-speed transmission has much better performance in terms of acceleration time and energy economy compared to the fixed-ratio transmission, and the proposed gearshift control method is able to achieve fast and smooth gear shift robustly while maintaining constant output torque.


Severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state) are common yet potentially preventable acute complications of diabetes. Our objectives were to use national data from OptumLabs® Data Warehouse, 2011-2020, to 1) characterize trends in all-cause mortality among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) experiencing emergency department visits or hospitalizations for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia;2) extend analyses through 2020 to assess the impact of the COVID-pandemic; and3) examine racial/ethnic and gender disparities in subsequent mortality adjusted for relevant patient characteristics. Among 4,164 adults with T1DM experiencing hypoglycemia, 30-day and 1-year mortality increased from 0.5% to 0.9% and 4.7% to 6.1%. Among 49,931 adults with T2DM experiencing hypoglycemia, 30-day and 1-year mortality were stable at 2.1-2.0% and 16.2-16.1%. Among 4,698 adults with T1DM experiencing hyperglycemia, 30-day and 1-year mortality increased from 0.4% to 1.0% and 2.7% to 5.9%, respectively. Among 17,123 adults with T2DM experiencing hyperglycemia, 30-day and 1-year mortality increased from 2.5% to 3.0% and 11.5% to 13.1%. Table shows differences in mortality rates by age, race/ethnicity, gender. These results call for proactive engagement of high risk individuals experiencing severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia to reduce their risk of death.

 R.G.Mccoy: Consultant; Emmi. J.Herrin: Consultant; Johnson & Johnson Medical Devices Companies. K.Swarna: None. R.J.Galindo: Advisory Panel; Sanofi, WW International, Inc., Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk. G.E.Umpierrez: Research Support; AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk. S.Golden: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Medtronic. P.J.O'connor: None.

 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant number K23DK114497


In this article, a minimum-fuel powered-descent optimal guidance algorithm that incorporates obstacle avoidance is presented. The approach is based on convex optimization that includes the obstacles using nonconvex functions. To convert these nonconvex obstacle constraints to convex ones, a simple linearization procedure is employed. It is proved that the optimal solution of the convex relaxation problem is also optimal for the original nonconvex one. The sensitivity of the multiobstacle avoidance method to the relaxation factor and its effectiveness under different conditions are also investigated through simulations.


Rapid changes in internet and network technologies facilitated easy to access online applications, services and database. Database as a service (DaaS) is a model that offer its users to perform data processing (store, modify and retrieve) as long as they are connect to internet. Providing security to database as service model became a challenging work due to malicious network administrator, they exploit software bugs and retrieve confidential data of enterprise and users. Two privacy issues are important in DaaS, First data stored in database is secure from outsiders i.e. It should be ensured that, stored data is secure from data thefts. Second, data is secure from the DaaS service provider i.e. Data is secure from curious or malicious database administrators. In this work, emphasis is on second challenge. We have proposed a system in which data stored at server site is in encrypted form and encrypted query is forwarded to server for processing. Encryption of queries and decryption of encrypted query result are done at client site. The system is secured through symmetric key encryption and authentication using digital signature. The proposed system provides confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authentication services to the data users.


Seven insecticides were tried to evaluate their control of Pieris rapae L. in the field. The results showed the 0.5% abamectin EC(1.8 kg/ha),2.5% beta-cyfluthrin SL(0.375 kg/ha),4.5% cypermethrin EC (0.75 kg/ha),40% chlorpyrifos EC(1.05 kg/ha),and 40% phoxim EC(0.9 kg/ha)were better in controlling Pieris rapae L. with their control efficacies being higher than 81.68% at 3d and 84.38% at 7d after treatment. Their effect lasted for about 7-10 days. They can be used by turns or mixed for use in controlling the pest.


The article describes design features of the basic professional educational programs of training of the bachelor of applied training in the direction of "teacher education" on the basis of the organization of network interaction of educational institutions implementing programs of higher education and basic General education. This article is intended for educators, researchers, managers of educational institutions design educational programs based on the modular principle.


Dyspepsia is a common side effect of aspirin therapy, but the etiology of this effect has not been described. Investigators in Germany and Australia performed 2 studies to evaluate the potential role of visceral sensation, gastric emptying, and mucosal lesions in the symptoms of aspirin-induced dyspepsia.

In the first study, researchers measured thresholds to gastric distention and gastric emptying in 8 patients who had histories of dyspepsia but who did not have symptoms at the time of the study and in …


It's critical to strengthen study atmosphere creation for universities'development,especially for newly established ones.As a newly established university,Xichang College is conducting research on study atmosphere and insisting on scientific development of study atmosphere while improving facility building and concerning about professional development of all subjects,by which we may improve study atmosphere creation and promote university's development around"10 key points".


Following the publication of a review of kidney care in 2013, the Kidney Health Partnership Board has continued to champion the delivery of high-quality services for all patients with renal conditions. Fiona Loud summarises the objectives and outcomes of the two reviews she has co-authored, and sets out clear goals for the kidney care community forward into 2018


The development of academic discourses has created a new perspective in the methodology of social sciences. The weaknesses of conventional methodology that are limited to the problem of theory have constructed an alternative methodology in facing social problems. Some social scientists argue that social science is not only limited to understand the social facts, but also being critical to the social phenomena. At this point, the appearance of methodology of participatory has its urgent to handle this kind of issue.


Summary Specific antisera to the Aα, Bβ and γ chains of porcine fibrinogen were used to characterize an antigenic homology of human, bovine, and porcine fibrinogens. Antigenic determinants shared by these fibrinogens were mostly formed by the Aα chain. However, in the case of bovine and porcine fibrinogens they were also found in the Bβ and γ polypeptide chains. The results reported here show that the Aα chain determinants exposed on the intact fibrinogen molecule are conserved to a considerably larger extent than those of the Bβ and γ chains.


With the development of multi-core processors, computer clusters and the application of parallel MPI technique, the study of electromagnetic fields numerical arithmetic can improve the capacity of solving large problems. In this paper, based on the platform from National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin (NSCC-TJ: Ranked first in the world in 2010.11), some tests about the parallel efficiency of the parallel FDTD code are made to provide a general rule for a best performance of FDTD on multi-core computers. The results show that following this rule, we can achieve the highest computational efficiency on a more advanced platform.


The South East Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (SEAGEP) is one of a national network of National Science Foundation (NSF) Alliances for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP). AGEPs have a mandate to catalyze institutional changes to produce an inclusive and supportive environment that will lead to sustained progress in diversifying the graduate student population and eventual placement in academic jobs. AGEPs are led by top level University administrators. In SEAGEP, the University of Florida (UF) serves as the lead institution in partnership with Clemson University (CU) and the University of South Carolina (USC) as primary partners. Secondary partners include the NSF Louis B. Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP) programs in Florida and South Carolina, as well as the University of The Virgin Islands (UVI). To provide opportunities for international exposure, SEAGEP has also developed a collaboration with the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions (LACCEI). SEAGEP is a comprehensive minority graduate level program offering a variety of support to U.S. citizen or permanent resident students who are pursuing Ph.D. degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields. Students are offered a variety of training experiences and opportunities to prepare them for academic careers. At the UF, seventy-four students in 22 STEM departments have been directly served through monetary awards to support their studies and research, travel to professional conferences, professional development seminars, mentoring, and peer support. These students include 41 African American, 31 Hispanic, and 2 Native American students. At the end of the fifth year of the grant, the program had an 86% retention rate. To date, program participants have earned 12 Ph. D. and 7 Master's degrees, and an additional 47 are currently enrolled and making progress towards their degrees. Minority graduate enrollments in STEM departments have increased 56% over the life of the grant, and it is expected that this will result in significant increases in the numbers of advanced degrees earned by minority students in the future. In addition, SEAGEP offers research experiences to minority undergraduate STEM students to increase their interest in and preparedness for graduate school. Specific program offerings and program evaluation results will be described, as well as recommendations on how faculty can become part of these programs across the country.


About 450 valves and carapaces were collected belonging to 42 species. Near the Tortonian-Messinian boundary, the most abundant species are Henryhowella asperrima, Parakrithe dactylomorpha, Cytherella vulgata and Krithe spp (Assemblage 1). These forms are partially replaced by Acanthocythereis hystrix, Buntonia sublatissima, Costa tricostata, Pterigocythereis jonesii and Ruggieria tetraptera (Assemblage 2) during the Messinian.


The nurses as an educator becomes an important part in the implementation of discharge planning. The implementation of the optimal Discharge planning can increase the length of  stay in hospital, readmission, and financing. The aim of the study to identify the correlation between nurse's perception as an educator with the implementation of Discharge Planning by nurses. This research was a quantitative study with cross sectional design. Sampling technique used the total sampling with 43 nurses  in the inpatient room in one central Indonesian private hospital as a respondents. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and observation. Data analysis in the form of univariate and Bivariat. Bivariate analysis using Chi Square test. The univariate analysis was found by 40 (93.02%)  Respondents had negative perception and  to 36 (83.72%) The respondent did not implement discharge planning according to standard operating procedures. Bivariat analysis found the correlation between the perception of nurses as an educator with the implementation of discharge planning by nurses (p value 0.001).  The hospitals can develop a positive perception of nurses as an educator through training and mentoring in carrying out standard discharge planning. Further research can examine the correlation of other variables on the implementation of discharge planning.


Determining annual overflows from combined sewers is essential for evaluating overflow impact on receiving waters. A statistical methodology is developed based on acceptable hydrologic principles and correlating data with a neighboring combined sewer district. Calculation begins with estimating the average annual set of rainfall events. These are converted into the average annual set of rainfall excesses by applying an infiltration index to pervious areas and a depression storage value to impervious areas. For this calculation, rainfall excess can go to system storage, flow to the treatment plant, or overflow to natural water courses. The sum of overflows resulting from calculations on each of the 152 annual occurrences is the average annual value of overflow. The calculated values, correlated with the neighboring district, are within 2% of those observed when comparing average annual rainfall excess, flow to treatment plant, and overflows.


Levinson adds a fourth quality to Kivy's three moral qualities of music (epistemic, behavioral, and psychological). This fourth quality has to do with the moral quality of a piece of music, whether it has psychological or behavioral effects or not. Building on specific musical analyses and the study of a dozen jazz standards, the author shows what this very particular moral quality of music consists of.


In 2014, European Regulations laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the EU official control of levels of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychloro-dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like (DL) and non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCBs in food and feed have been amended by EU Regulations No 589/2014 [1] and 709/2014 [2]. As a direct consequence, based on validations studies [3], gas chromatography (GC) coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ MS/MS) was recognized as a confirmatory tool for checking compliance with maximum levels (ML) following specific analytical criteria [4]. Later EU Commission Regulations 2017/644-771 [5-6] further confirmed the use of GC-QqQ MS/MS and a significant number of laboratories have nowadays implemented QqQ approaches to replace, or in parallel to, their classical high resolution (HR)MS approaches based on the use of sector instruments. In this study, the performance of a novel triple quadrupole GC-QqQ MS/MS system equipped with a programmable temperature vaporization (PTV) injector was evaluated for the analysis of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in food and feed. The MS analyzer was equipped with a titanium ionization chamber and a new short collision cell capable to accumulate and eject ions by means of very narrow pulses that allow to minimize the noise and to adapt accumulation times for sensitive selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The analytical capability of the system was confronted by the strict requirements set by the EU Regulation for a range of standards, quality control (QC) and food/feed samples and compared with a routine GC-HRMS method.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problem of information and knowledge management (IKM) in higher education institutions. The research aims to determine the way in which the knowledge resources of a higher education institution are managed. The author intends to define how the information system is shaped and how information and knowledge are used in the reporting processes and for decision-making efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 38 university administration employees from six higher education institutions in Poland participated in the study. Information barriers and benefits resulting from the implementation of the central reporting system "POL-on" were identified by using the sense-making technique. The purpose of the interviews was to determine the procedural and behavioural conditions of the reporting and decision-making processes in higher education institutions in Poland.

Findings
This paper suggests four characteristics of IKM in higher education institutions. A link between the information culture of the institution, its size and structure as well as the adopted model of IKM is demonstrated.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is to introduce a framework for studying the IKM in higher education institutions from the perspective of information culture. Higher education institutions have developed different styles of striving for efficiency regarding decision making and reporting in administration. The IM and KM are now proved to be an integrated process in administrative activities of higher education institutions.


Gell‐Mann and Hartle have proposed a significant generalization of quantum theory with a scheme whose basic ingredients are ''histories'' and decoherence functionals. Within this scheme it is natural to identify the space UP of propositions about histories with an orthoalgebra or lattice. This raises the important problem of classifying the decoherence functionals in the case where UP is the lattice of projectors P(V) in some Hilbert space V; in effect, one seeks the history analog of Gleason's famous theorem in standard quantum theory. In the present article the solution to this problem for the case where V is finite dimensional is presented. In particular, it is shown that every decoherence functional d(α,β), α,β∈P(V) can be written in the form d(α,β)=trV⊗V(α⊗βX) for some operator X on the tensor‐product space V⊗V.


Busstop, a spatio-temporal GIS prototype for geophysical studies, is presented. It includes a metadata representation system, a visualisation subsystem, and a spatio-temporal extension of a classical map algebra. It also takes an active approach to integration with existing non-GIS data handling and analysis programs. Busstop has been used for minor geophysical case studies with some success, but needs further refinement if it should move towards the role of a generic work horse for geophysical research. Potential ways to go include the transition to XML based metadata representation and integration with a full scale scripting language, such as Python.


In the article an attempt of the sociological analysis of a beauty-blogging as popular Internet phenomenon and subculture is made. The concept "blog" and its specifics of the Russian media space are considered. The special attention is paid to video-bloggers, in particular beauty-bloggers. Their slang, typical behavioral practices and features of self-presentation is investigated. Forms and methods of Internet communication, and also its influence on daily behavior are analyzed.


Networked control has been used more and more widely in engineering systems. To study networked control for discrete event systems, network controllability and network observability are introduced in our previous work on networked supervisory control theory. In this paper, we investigate robust supervisory control for networked discrete event systems. We assume that the system to be controlled is not known precisely. We only know that it is one among several possibilities. The goal is to design a robust supervisor that works for all possibilities. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such a robust supervisor. The condition must take into account the communication delays and losses in both observation channel and control channel. We show that the existence condition is characterized by network controllability and network observability that are keys to control networked discrete event systems.


Hypersonic jets show obvious distributed parameter characteristics,and the concentrated parameter control method is hard to function.In this paper,the distributed parameter control method for hypersonic jets which is the succession and breakthrough of traditional concentrated parameter control method is put forward after analyzing the development of distributed parameter control theory and corresponding circumjacent subjects.The new principles and methods of distributed parameter control may have an impact on the operation and design of hypersonic jets.


A novel of psychological suspense, set in the social world of art and money. Faith Crowell is 39 years old, content in an artist's life that is solitary yet not lonely. But when she's commissioned to paint the ballroom in the house of a wealthy grand dame, the family's dark secrets begin to unfold.


The article presents an approach to identifying key components of economic entities in accordance with their current life stage cycle. It also shows the choice of the lines for their further development using the example of three large enterprises in the Nizhni Novgorod region.


In the past half century little effort has been made for the improvement of teaching and learning statistics compared with other parts of school mathematics. But recently data analysis has begun to play a prominant role in the national reform efforts of mathematics curricula in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. In this paper we overview modern statistical thinking differed from mathematical thinking and examine the problems of current old-style teaching of statistics. And, we discuss the current data handling(or data analysis) emphasis in the national curiculum of mathematics in the countries mentioned above. We explore the reform direction of statistics teaching; changing the philosophy of teaching statistics, teaching real data analysis, emphasis of using computer, and teaching statistical inference not as mathematics but as intuitive data-centered approach.


It is shown that future improvements of light-sensitive recording media for optical storage memory are connected with the increasing of information capacity of photomaterials at the sacrifice of replacing photothermal writing techniques by photochemical ones, two-photon photochemical reactions, frequency-selective writing of optical information, the use of the photoanisotropic phenomenon and the holographic recording method.


All wheat varieties (106) grown in the U.S. on more than 100,000 acres (38,610 ha) as of the latest (1984) crop variety survey were characterized by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) band patterns for each variety were assigned the corresponding Payne numbers and theoretical quality scores based on those assignments. The subunit assignments were compared for the different wheat varieties and the five main wheat classes grown in the U.S. Hard red spring (HRS) and winter (HRW) wheats used mainly for breadmaking showed a remarkably high percentage of bands associated with good breadmaking quality. The allele 5+10, which has the strongest association with good quality, was present in 91 % of the hard red spring wheats and 62 % of the hard red winter wheats. Also, 91 % of all HRS and 53 % of HRW wheat varieties had quality scores of 9 or 10 (10 is the highest possible score). Evidently, by selecting for quality through close cooperation with quality testing laboratories, U.S. breeders have unknowingly selected for high quality glutenin subunits in their released varieties.

HRS and HRW wheat varieties are normally grown in different environments in time and/or space, accounting to a large extent for differences in protein content (∼2 %) and other quality traits in the two crops. The uniformly high theoretical quality scores of the HRS wheats compared to more variable scores for HRW wheats may help to explain the popular perception that spring wheats have intrinsically higher quality than winter wheats. Admixing grain from variable (some poorer, most good) HRW wheat varieties (due to genetics or environment) has probably also led to the perception of overall lower quality for HRW than HRS wheats.

In the soft red winter (SRW) and soft white (SW) wheat classes where the end-use is typically cookies and cakes, 40 and 90 %, respectively, have the allele 2+12 that correlates with poor bread baking quality. The absence of alleles for good bread baking quality may be predictive of good quality for soft wheat products.


Beamforming is widely used in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for impact or damage localization. Beamforming directionality is achieved by the constructive interference of sensor wavefronts, which results in a significant amplification of the measured signal in a particular direction. For beamforming applications, the cost per sensor is typically significant, because of the sensor itself, and the associated electronics. Therefore, in order to minimize the cost of SHM in practice, it is highly desirable to reduce the number of sensors. Beamforming with an array of sensors requires an advanced signal processing technique to detect the direction-of-arrival (DOA). In addition, by deploying more sensors, better detection accuracy can be achieved. In this paper, the non-equidistant linear sensor array is proposed, to obtain lower costs while guaranteeing reasonable detection accuracy. In addition, the proposed sensor deployment scheme is able to reduce the effects of "spatial aliasing," which phenomenon is typically encountered in the equidistant linear sensor array layout. To validate the performance of the proposed non-equidistant linear array technique in SHM applications, several finite element models (FEM) simulation and experimental investigations are carried out. Different sensor array layouts are also compared to optimize the performance of the non-equidistant linear array.


Monitoring and maintenance of faults in the power system are very complex because its configuration keeps on changing due to the inclusion of new loads and distributed generation (DGs)/microgrids in the existing power system. As a result, in the event of a fault, manual fault diagnosis is time- consuming and tedious. Machine Learning-based fault diagnoses are being proposed by the researcher to replace previously used model-based fault diagnoses. ML enables timely identification and localization of faults which can prevent unattended long- duration power failure. Various researches have been done on different ML models for power system fault diagnosis. In this paper, a brief overview of recently popular ML-based fault diagnosis techniques has been discussed and a comparative study of these models on the IEEE 9bus system has been reported with a stepwise procedure of how they were implemented.


The features of Tae kwon do make it intense antagonism events,which set power,speed,endurance and coordination of other physical qualities together,therefore,athletes' daily training requires of high strength,high density,high load and large amount of exercise training,which easily leads to athletes' sports fatigue,thus affecting the athletes' training and competition results.This paper mainly studies the fatigue mechanism in the exercise of the Tae Kwon Do athletes and the methods of eliminating sport fatigue for Tae Kwon Do athletes through reasonable rest,nutrition,physical therapy and psychological therapy.The paper is to construct a perfect stereo type recovery method for Tae Kwon Do athletes and to provide an important theoretical basis for the recovery of sports fatigue.


The invention relates to a beam (10) having several sections (22 to 24) of wire forming a branch equipped with an angled coupling comprising: - a base (14) to which are fixed the ends (22a to 24a) of the sections of son - a casing (13) rigid angled around the wire sections and having a first end (20, 28) is provided for resting on the base; and- a member (15) for fixing the casing on the base along a variable mutual orientation; branch is protected by a sheath (40) secured to a second end shield (30, 31) of the envelope ; the beam has a stop member (33) integral with the part of the wire segments extending inside the angled casing and cooperating with the angled casing to prevent this part of the wire segments out of this envelope ; this part of the wire sections is twisted so that the mutual orientation of the base and the casing can be changed without introducing detrimental mechanical stresses in those portions of the wire segments.


FIELD: chemical industry; other industries; production of the disposable containers with the latex coating. SUBSTANCE: the invention presents the disposable molded thermoplastic container for example, the cup, the bowl made out of the foaming polystyrene particles has the latex coating, for example, made out of the latex of the interpolymer of methylmethacrylate and styrene, the latex of the interpolymer of methylacrylate and styrene, the latex of the interpolymer of the acrylic acid and styrene and the latex of the interpolymer of the butadiene and styrene applied on, at least, its internal surface by the dipping, paint-brushing or sputtering methods for the improved strength against leakage and-or the stains formation and-or durability at storage. The coating may be applied on the outer surface of the container for rising the anti-leakage strength and realization of patterning. The invention also considers the method of molding of the container, the article and usage of the container for improvement of the method of storage of the liquid and food substances. EFFECT: the invention ensures, that the manufactured container, the article and the coating shall improve the storage of the liquid and food substances. 21 cl, 4 ex, 4 tbl


The application of organic acids and their salts to diets for pigs has been studied extensively. They have proved especially effective in maintaining growth performance since the ban on antibiotic growth promoters came into effect in Europe in 2006. Numerous trials have demonstrated their mode and magnitude of action and have established effective doses for piglets, fattening pigs and sows. The use of formic acid and its double potassium salt in particular have been the subject of intense investigation, with the result that we now know its dose-dependent effect on growth performance and feed conversion in pigs under a range of different environmental conditions and feed formulations. Its main mode of action is its antimicrobial effect, which makes it comparable with antibiotic growth promoters; however, organic acids also reduce pH in the stomach, which optimises conditions for pepsin activity, and increases the digestibility of nitrogen, phosphorus and


The purpose of this study was to describe: 1) planning discipline in primary school students 58 Lubuklinggau, 2) organizing student discipline in primary school 58 Lubuklinggau, 3)the application or implementation of student discipline at the Elementary School 58 Lubuklinggau, 4) supervision of student discipline at the Elementary School 58 Lubuklinggau, and 5) monitoring and evaluation of student discipline at the Elementary School 58 Lubuklinggau. In this research approach used is deskriftive qualitative, because the data collected and the analysis is more qualitative. The conclusions of this study is the management discipline in SD Negeri 58 lubuklinggau have attempted to apply managerial discipline well.


The paper examines the resource utilization practices of the Lake Chad in view of the need for sustainable development of the natural resources of the area, which are being recklessly exploited. The issues of obnoxious fishing practices, inappropriate agricultural practices, indiscriminate grazing, reckless fuel-wood harvesting, water pollution etc were discussed. There are clear indications that the current resources utilization practices are pushing the natural resources of the area beyond the limit of their regenerative capacity. This is traceable to institutional weakness and inadequate management strategies at the Lake Chad basin. Suggestions were made towards witnessing a change of attitude to resource use, exploitation and management strategies


To the Editor

In their recently published article Son et al 1 reported that in patients with acute heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF) was most prevalent in HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF)—HFpEF—and was a risk factor for long-term mortality only in HFpEF, contrary to in HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) and mid-range EF (HFmrEF). The frequent coexistence of AF and HFpEF may be attributable to two reasons: (1) AF and HFpEF share the same risk factors which result in microvascular inflammation and subsequent myocardial fibrosis promoting the development of both HFpEF and AF (in contrast to HFrEF and HFmrEF, which are triggered by direct damage to the left ventricle, often due …


Calle Strand: Brian Wilson presents Smile! – a study of the circumstances surrounding theabandonment of Smile - Uppsala University, Department of Musicology, C-essay.
This essay is about the course ...


Original Research Article Abstract: Purposes: Surgical treatment of distal humerus fractures is difficult because of the complex anatomy, often short distal segment or comminution. This study aimed to compare the plate fixation types and evaluate the effects of concomitant injuries on the results. Methods: Between January 2003-December 2010, 34 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using distal humerus locking compression plate (LCP), were investigated retrospectively. All patients were above 16 years old, and minimum follow-up was 24 months. Exclusion criteria were; revisions, refractures, an insufficient follow-up to document results, mental disorders that may impair adaptation to the whole treatment. Functional results were evaluated with using MEPI (Mayo elbow scoring index) and VAS (Visual analog scale) score. Radiologic results were evaluated by the presence of avascular necrosis, nonunion, stepping on the joint, implant insufficiency, arthrosis, and heterotopic ossification. Arthrosis grade was defined by Broberg-Morrey scale and heterotopic ossification grade was defined by Brooker scale. Results: Mean follow-up was 63 (IQR: 50-76) months. The mean interval between trauma and surgery was 9 (IQR: 5-13) days. Eleven (32%) patients had a concomitant injury. Functional and radiological results were worse in concomitant injury (+) patients. Implant insufficiency and instability rates were lower in single plate group than double plate group. Conclusions: Patients with accompanying injuries should be informed about possible poor functional and radiological outcomes. If double plate fixation is not applied by the technical details, instability and insufficiency rates will increase.


Even if the water that leaves the treatment plant meets water quality requirements, it can deteriorate in the distribution system. Even if the distribution system is in good shape, there are several ways water quality can be compromised. The two most common are maintenance operations and cross‐connections. But with a little work and planning, their effects on the distribution system can be minimized.


ABSTRACT Research has suggested that Instagram is detrimental to one's body image and health, as a result of its image-driven nature and the social comparisons that are commonly made between users' bodies and the bodies they see portrayed. This study was designed to provide a better understanding of the effects of thin and fat body types portrayed in Instagram posts. This was done by examining how such body type portrayals influence attention to the posts, in addition to influencing outcomes such as body dissatisfaction and appearance management behavioral intentions. A total of 309 college students viewed 30 Instagram posts in an online experiment with a 2 (portrayed body type: thin vs. fat) X 15 (message repetition) within-subjects design. The findings indicate that thin-body portrayals increase audience self-reported attention to the posts and state body dissatisfaction, but female users who self-perceive themselves as fat report a similar level of attention to the posts regardless of portrayed body types. Additionally, Instagram use (defined as the number of photos users personally post) is found to moderate the effects of the body portrayals.


In this paper, the solution based on the coupled problem the angular distances between the slots of the magnetizing fixture were determined. A prototype fixture was built and tested. The output from the Hall sensor placed at 1 mm from the disc magnet. The magnetic fields was sensed with the resolution of 1000 points per one degree, Based on the magnetization was detected as +/- 0.5 degree per pole.


The inverse square law was used to calculate the volume source absolute efficiency by point source experiment based on virtual point detector(VPD)model.It provided a methodology for the peak efficiency calibration of volume source for HPGe detector.With the experiments,the results show that in some conditions it's a useful and feasible method of peak efficiency calibration for volume sources,and the method can be used in engineering-oriented practice.


Dryland Ecology
Increasing aridity due to climate change is expected to affect multiple ecosystem structural and functional attributes in global drylands, which cover ∼45% of the terrestrial globe. Berdugo et al. show that increasing aridity promotes thresholds on the structure and functioning of drylands (see the Perspective by Hirota and Oliveira). Their database includes 20 variables summarizing multiple aspects and levels of ecological organization. They found evidence for a series of abrupt ecological events occurring sequentially in three phases, culminating with a shift to low-cover ecosystems that are nutrient- and species-poor at high aridity values. They estimate that more than 20% of land surface will cross at least one of the thresholds by 2100, which can potentially lead to widespread land degradation and desertification worldwide.

Science , this issue p. [787][1]; see also p. [739][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aay5958
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aba7115


The problem of analyzing and classifying conceptual schemas is becomig increasingly important due to the availability of a large number of schemas related to existing applications. The purposes of schema analysis and classification activities can be different: to extract information on intensional properties of legacy systems in order to restructure or migrate to new architectures; to build libraries of reference conceptual components to be used in building new applications in a given domain; and to identify information flows and possible replication of data in an organization. This article proposes a set of techniques for schema analysis and classification to be used separately or in combination. The techniques allow the analyst to derive significant properties from schemas, with human intervention limited as far as possible. In particular, techniques for associating descriptors with schemas, for abstracting reference conceptual schemas based on schema clustering, and for determining schema similarity are presented. A methodology for systematic schema analysis is illustrated, with the purpose of identifying and abstracting into reference components the similar and potentially reusable parts of a set of schemas. Experiences deriving from the application of the proposed techniques and methodology on a large set of Entity-Relationship conceptual schemas of information systems in the Italian Public Administration domain are described


The objective of this research work is to evaluate the relation of driver skill to measurements done when driving on a regular curving road, i.e., performing a primary driving task. A curving road scenario is designed using both clear sight and fog–limited sight distance. Measures are compared under equal conditions to identify the best separation of recruited driver types. A moving base simulator, VTI Simulator III, is used for the acquisition of driver metrics. Curves are found to be more reliable for identifying driver skill than straight road segments, and a number of measures show good performance in characterising driving skill under the tested conditions, both for clear sight and with the preview limited down to 30 m. The standard deviation proves to be very useful and qualifies for successful driver skill categorisation for commonly sampled data such as the lateral acceleration, yaw rate and steering wheel angle.


Ba(1−x)Sr x TiO 3 (BST) is currently being investigated for applications in tunable microwave devices and circuits. Our group has demonstrated several working ferroelectric tunable microwave circuits in collaboration with NASA Glenn Research center in the past several years. Current work is underway in optimizing the ferroelectric thin-films properties at microwave frequencies, in collaboration with Air Force Research Laboratories. Ferroelectric tunable filters, couplers, and phase shifters have been demonstrated in the past using two-layered microstrip or coplanar waveguide configuration. Accurate electrical modeling of ferroelectric tunable components and circuits will be presented in detail in this work. With known material properties such as dielectric tunability, capacitance vs voltage, and Q values over a wide frequency range, one could model any circuit and estimate the circuit's performance over a wide frequency range. Electrical models can be developed that predict the frequency tunability, and the effect of the dielectric tunability on various circuit parameters. For example, in the tunable filters, the effect of dielectric tunability of the ferroelectric thin-film on the filter's passband insertion loss, return loss, bandwidth, and frequency shift could be assessed using a simple lumped element circuit models. We have also developed models for MEMS capacitive shunt switches using BST thin-film as a dielectric layer for phase shifter applications.


1) Determine the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula associated with transoral robotic oropharyngectomy with concurrent neck dissection. 2) Discuss prevention and treatment of pharyngocutaneous fistulization as a consequence of transoral oropharyngeal surgery with concurrent neck dissection.


The old city renewal is an unavoidable topic in the city development. The updated residential planning is the important content. The problem in old city renewal can't be solved only through the traditional urban planning theory. In this paper, we propose a new idea by means of the principle of environmental awareness from the point of view of sustainability, the urban ecological environment, construction methods and urban development. In light of the existing problems, we put forward the appropriate measures like mixed zoning, open residential networks, public facilities and the city sharing, landscape for the city service and the preservation of historic sites.


This study compares the effectiveness of three selected exercises (curl-up, conventional hook sit-up and modified hook sit-up) in building abdominal strength and endurance in upper elementary school girls. Ninety-nine subjects were randomly divided into four groups. The study was designed to determine (1) whether an eight week exercise program can increase abdominal strength and endurance; (2) the most effective exercise; (3) if muscle action intensity affects the results. A cable tensiometer measured abdominal strength and a timed sit-up measured abdominal endurance. An analysis of covariance determined significance. Significant gains in abdominal strength and endurance were shown by the conventional hook sit-up. Further study on the relationship between muscle development and maturation in young children is recommended.


at the back of the 1946 edition. These notes, extended to incorporate more recent research, now appear as footnotes to the text—a more convenient arrangement. Although attention has thus been drawn to fresh research, the text of the book remains unchanged. For instance, the references to the population of Ireland take no account of K. H. Connell's revision of the traditional estimates. In appearance and lay-out the present edition is a distinct improvement on its predecessors. The illustrations are well displayed, and the bibliography has been expanded to include some recent works.


We propose a computational framework to parse and reconstruct the 3D configuration of an indoor scene from a single RGB image using a stochastic grammar model. We introduce a Holistic Scene Grammar (HSG) to represent the 3D scene structure, which characterizes a joint distribution over the functional and geometric space of indoor scenes. The proposed HSG captures three essential but often latent dimensions of the indoor scenes: i) latent human context, describing the affordance and the functionality of a room arrangement, ii) geometric constraints over the scene configurations, and iii) physical constraints that guarantee physically plausible parsing and reconstruction. We solve this parsing and reconstruction problem in an analysis-bysynthesis fashion, seeking to minimize the differences between the input image and the rendered image generated by our 3D representation, over the space of depth, surface normal, and object segmentation map. The optimal configuration (i.e., parse graph) is inferred using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which efficiently traverses through the non-differentiable solution space, jointly optimizing object localization, 3D layout, and hidden human context.


No waste disposal site is currently accepting mixed waste, but facilities across the country continue to generate it. The waste manager at each site is faced with two problems: how to manage the mixed waste already on-site and how to minimize the amount of new waste generated. A strategy has been developed to address each problem. A key element of the strategy is a building-by-building survey of the site. The survey provides information on how and where mixed waste is generated and stored. This paper describes a method for planning and conducting a site-wide mixed-waste survey. It then outlines approaches to managing existing mixed waste and to minimizing mixed-waste generation using information from the survey.


Suppose we wanted to create an intelligent machine that somehow drew its intelligence from large collections of text, possibly involving the processing of collections available on the Web such as Wikipedia. Does past research in deception offer a sufficiently robust basis upon which we might develop a means to filter out texts that are deceptive, either partially or entirely? Could we identify, for example, any deliberately deceptive edits to Wikipedia without consulting the edit history? In this paper, we offer a critical review of deception research. We suggest that there are a range of inconsistencies, contradictions, and other difficulties in recent deception research, and identify how we might begin to address deception research in a more systematic manner.


The US DOE is endeavoring to clean up contamination created by the disposal of chemical and nuclear waste on the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR), Tennessee, with an emphasis on minimizing off-site migration of contaminated surface and ground water. The task is complicated by inadequate disposal records and by the complexity of the local geology. Remote sensing data, including aerial photography and geophysics, have played an important role in the ORR site characterization. Are there advantages to collecting remote sensing data using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV`s)? In this paper, I will discuss the applications of UAV`s being explored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under the sponsorship of the Department of Energy`s Office of Science and technology. These applications are : aerial photography, magnetic mapping, and Very Low Frequency (VLF) electromagnetic mapping.


While place-based food habits play an important role in many parts of Europe, this article argues that knowledge of food origins and production methods is especially important to many French consumers, and that children are often socialized to value 'place' in their eating habits from a young age. Although the socialization process takes many forms, this analysis provides an ethnographic case study of one particular mode of learning about food habits and place which I refer to as 'journeys through ingestible topography.' During ethnographic fieldwork in the Loire Valley, I observed French children – along with their parents and teachers – as they made several of these 'journeys,' in which they gained a sense of place by moving through geographic spaces, meeting food producers, obtaining first-hand knowledge of food production, and anchoring their memories with on-site tastings. In this process, they were socialized to become informed and 'situated' eaters – situating, or constructing, their identities in terms of place.


This study aims to obtain the results of concentrate substitution by administering Leguminosa indigofera zollingeriana with treatment (10%, 20%, 30%) in the ration on milk quality, milk production, consumption and digestibility of nutrients in PE goats. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments with 4 replications. These treatments include: Treatment A is field grass 60%: 40% concentrate; Treatment B is 60% field grass: 30% concentrate + 10% I.zollingeriana; Treatment C was 60% field grass: 20% concentrate + 20% I.zollingeriana; Treatment D was 60% field grass: 10% concentrate + 30% I.zollingeriana. Parameters observed were milk quality, production and digestibility of nutrients. The results of the analysis showed that the use of leguminosa indigofera zollingeriana as a substitute for concentrate had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the quality and production of milk and the digestibility of nutrients. The best results were in treatment D with 60% field grass: 10% concentrate + 30% I.zollingeriana.


Statistical analysis was applied to the study of Oukaimeden rock art as a way to obtain chronological information. By means of correspondence analysis we identified trends in the representation of the various individual motifs in the valley rock art. Subsequently we analyzed recurrent associations and overlappings, which led us to the last scale of analysis: the dating of rock art stations.


The invention discloses a natural plant hair dye comprising henna and ferrous salt. The natural plant hair dye has the characteristics of rapid dyeing and stable dyeing effect. Compared with the prior art, the natural plant hair dye can dye more colors and especially dye the black color without obvious adverse effect. The invention also discloses a using method of the natural plant hair dye.


We present an approach to modelling a die-casting machine for fault detection purposes. We used fuzzy qualitative reasoning to describe the behaviour of a part of the plant, because of the suitability of this technique for applications where parameter uncertainties are inevitable. Moreover, the advantage of using such a technique is that it gives a qualitative description of the plant, which mimics the way an expert operator would deal with it. A constraint-centred approach, based on the difference equations rather than differential equations was developed. The mechanism was then implemented in the Quintus Prolog language. It is still at an early stage of development, and refinements are to be carried out.


Aggregation of some low-molecular weight compounds in organic liquids is known to result in the formation of rod-shaped colloidal particles.1 Beyond the overlap concentration of the aggregates, the systems usually exhibit remarkable viscoelastic features which account for their description as gel-like materials. In particular, their typical consistency results from the development of a three-dimensional network made of interconnected colloidal aggregates. The sensitivity of the aggregation process to parameters such as temperature, concentration, and impurities, the fragility of the resulting network, and its thermal reversibility characterize such systems whose structural study raises specific problems.1 By contrast to the commonly used electron microscopy technique, the small-angle scattering techniques enable a nondestructive investigation of these materials swollen by their solvents. Furthermore, comparative X-ray and neutron studies can provide complementary information concerning the internal struct...


Human brain activity patterns during the dynamics of continual emotional or feeling stimuli remain obscure. In this study, 15 subjects were exposed to pleasant or unpleasant feelings, and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) showed changes in oxyhemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). When these subjects were exposed to images invoking pleasant feelings followed by unpleasant feelings, oxyhemoglobins moved from negative to positive. Conversely, exposure to the opposite order of images rarely resulted in a negative oxyhemoglobins value. In addition, randomized images showed less oxyhemoglobins alteration. Two questionnaires were employed to determine whether the images used for the feeling tests inspired fear emotion and memory. Pleasant feelings were markedly increased with the relief emotion, while unpleasant feelings were enhanced with fear emotion and memory. These findings suggest that unpleasant feelings are predominantly associated with fear emotion and memory and that these processes result in dynamic changes of oxyhemoglobin in the PFC. Keywords—prefrontal cortex; oxyhemoglobin; near infrared spectroscopy; feeling, emotion


• A squamous cell carcinoma developed in an odontogenic keratocyst. We emphasize the histomorphologic findings. Although a unique occurrence, the now-documented possibility of malignant transformation requires careful microscopic examination of all odontogenic keratocysts. ( Arch Otolaryngol 1981;107:568-569)


Along with the development of the global economy and the marine,telecontrol system of valve to become one of the equipments that must install in the large,high automation ships,and the actuator of valve is the key parts of the telecontrol system of valve for a ship achieve homemade.This paper aims at the research and manufacture with an actuator of valve,compared several kind of rotary hydraulic actuator about their merit and shortcoming and the employ situation briefly,combine the characteristics of use on the ship,designed a sort of spiral hydraulic actuator with detent to use for the valve's drive in the valve control system of the ship,and discuss about the main design method of the spiral hydraulic actuator and the selection and assurance of the parameters.


MY interest in working with foster youth began when I was working at Boston Public Library and volunteered as a mentor with an organization called The Home for Little Wanderers (THLW). This organization provides services to children and families through a system of residential, community-based, and prevention programs, direct care services, and advocacy. I learned that virtually all the youth at THLW have experienced some form of abuse and required out-of-home placements. Their stay in the group home was usually less than two years, and they typically moved to less restrictive settings with members of their own families, foster care families, or adoptive families. I mentored a ten-year-old boy, Jeremy, who lived in one of the group homes that was part of THLW. I saw him on a weekly basis for a few hours. This time became really important to both of us. We had been matched together blindly, but I am a librarian and he is a huge reader, so we had an immediate commonality. I brought him books every week from the library, and sometimes we read the same book and talked about it. While forming and fostering this relationship with him, I learned about his life in THLW, where life tasks were done for him. I began to think about other youth in group homes, residential facilities, and foster youth, who by the time they reach eighteen years old are basically on their own, "aging out." While living in residential facilities these kids don't have to go food or clothes shopping, budget, or balance check books, etc. So when they turn eighteen (in some states, twenty-two) they are essentially "released" and expected to survive and know how to take care of themselves. Then working as the Young Adult Outreach Librarian for the Oakland (Calif.) Public Library (OPL), I soon learned we all have foster youth in our libraries. I came to OPL with an interest in working with these young people. My previous supervisor recognized the desire, encouraged it, and built it into my work plan. The focus of this article is the work I initiated and continued with foster youth agencies in Alameda County (Oakland's county), California, for the last three years, including which agencies I worked with, what worked and what didn't, how events progressed, and how I see my future work with foster youth and agencies. My experience will give you an idea of the time flame needed to initiate an outreach program for foster teens, the number of community connections needed, and the persistence and patience I have learned this process takes. Take the First Steps My supervisor helped me in identifying a local agency, Alternative Families, that works with foster youth and foster parents. They offer programs including educational preparation, obtaining financial aid for college, applying for employment, creating resumes, setting up savings accounts, and much more. I met with one of the program directors and talked about ways in which the library could work with Alternative Families. Services we offered included getting library cards to the teens, helping them find volunteer positions that would help prepare them to become job ready, and inviting them to existing library teen programs. It was all good stuff but the connection never amounted to much: it might have been bad timing or the lack of staff on their part, but it didn't "take." I was a little frustrated with this but as I began doing more research on foster care, I began to see how many other agencies nearby work with foster youth and how many programs there are. What I did get out of the initial meeting with my first contact agency was seeing the types of programs and services they had available and gaining more insight into the types of things I could try and focus on for the library to offer. Alameda County has one of the largest numbers of foster youth in the state, approximately three thousand as of 2004 (1). With this number in mind, it was clearly going to be my obligation to connect and work with the agencies and find out what would click. …


When I looked at the class roster, I was a bit concerned. Only four undergraduate students and one graduate student had enrolled in the Media Literacy course I had agreed to teach when I was hired. Typically, when a course has this few students, it is cut. However, because it had never been taught before, or because the department was taking pity on the new hire, the course was allowed to run. On the first day of class, the students and I discussed what they wanted out of this course. I asked them how they wanted to proceed; they were not sure. We stared at one another, then looked around the nearly empty classroom and realized that this could be, well, a unique experience. I asked that everyone come to the next class with some ideas of how to proceed.


Massive bone marrow necrosis (MBMN) is a rare complication of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and usually occurs in the late stage of the disease. Primary bone marrow NHL with no evidence of disease elsewhere in the lymphoreticular system is also rare. Here a case of primary bone marrow high grade NHL is reported who presented with MBMN without any evidence of nodal or other extra-nodal disease.


Objective. To assess frequency of adverse events during short term administration of gluco- corticoid (GC) in protracted and chronic gout arthritis. Material and methods. 59 pts with tophaceous gout (crystal-verified diagnosis) and arthritis of three and more joints lasting more than a months in spite of treatment with sufficient doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were included. Median age of pts was 56 [48;63], median disease duration – 15,2 years [7,4;20], median swollen joint count at the examination – 8 [5;11]. The patients were randomized into 2 groups. Methylprednisolone (MP) 500 mg/day iv during 2 days and placebo im once was administered in one of them, betamethasone (BM) 7 mg im once and placebo iv twice – in the other. Clinical evaluation of inflamed joints was performed every day. Standard laboratory examination and ECG were done before drug administration, at 3rd, 7th, and 14th day of follow up. Immunoreactive insulin level was evaluated before drug administration and at day 14. Blood pressure (BP) was measured every day. Results. After first GC administration BP elevated in 28 (47%) pts. In pts not having appropriate BP values BP elevated in 73% of cases. Pts with appropriate BP values showed less frequent BP elevation – 38% (p=0,02). In 8 (13%) pts at day 3 after GC administration ECG signs of myocardial blood supply deterioration were revealed. Glucose level elevated in 10 (17%) pts and after the second BM administration – in 5 (8%) pts. Cholesterol level did not significantly change after 14 days of follow up but in 28 (47%) pts it increased in comparison with baseline. Trigliceride level significantly decreased at day 14 from 149 [106; 187] to 108 [66,5; 172] mg/dl (p=0,02). 26 (44%) pts had face hyperemia, 4 (7%) –42 palpitation and 2 (3,4%) – bitter taste. Conclusion. Administration of short course of GC in pts with gout requires monitoring of possible adverse events. Antihypertensive therapy providing appropriate BP level decreases frequency of BP elevation.


Subjects in two experiments were shown a series of sentences under two orienting and two retrieval set conditions. Sentences were repeated in either identical or paraphrased form at frequencies of one, two, and four. At test, unexpected frequency judgments were requested on the basis of either the exact wording or the underlying meaning, the gist, of the sentences. The results of Experiment I indicated that frequency can be indexed independently and equally well for both wording and meaning despite orienting instructions to attend to one or the other features. In Experiment II, an orienting task was introduced which influenced the frequency judgments and interacted with test instructions. Results indicate that frequency judgments are enhanced by consistent orienting-retrieval sets and are consistent with the notion that sentences are stored as both verbatim images and propositional representations.


Social Networking Sites are the web-based applications that enables the distribution, dissemination and retrieval of information via both online and offline mode of communications. The robust features of Social Networking Sites had been widely used by all communities including teachers. There are many studies in social networking sites to be associated with student's behaviour including schools and university students but little study has been made for the school teachers especially in examining the teacher's behaviour towards Social Networking Sites (SNSs). Therefore, the objectives of the study were (i) to examine the mean differences in teacher's behavioral intention to use SNS between male and female teachers, (ii) to examine the mean differences in teacher's behavioural intention to use SNS between age group and (iii) to investigate factors that influence teacher's behavioural intention to use SNS. The data was collected by using a survey questionnaire to 133 teachers at 8 fully residential schools at one of the southern states in Malaysia. All of the data collected were analysed by using SPSS (Statistical Product Services and Solutions) version 23. The Spearman's Rho and Mann Whitney U-test were the inferential tests to be used as to test the relationship and the mean rank between the variables of the study. The results revealed that all of the variables in uses and gratifications and social influences were found to be correlated with the teacher's behavioural intention to use Social Networking Sites (SNSs). Among the significant of the study was to provide empirical evidence as some indicators to the authorities especially to the policy makers that teachers are ready to face the challenges of the 21st century learning.


Schruben (1983) developed standardized time series (STS) methods to construct confidence intervals (CIs) for the steady-state mean of a stationary process. STS techniques cancel out the variance constant in the asymptotic distribution of the centered and scaled estimator, thereby eliminating the need to consistently estimate the asymptotic variance to obtain a CI. This is desirable since estimating the asymptotic variance in steady-state simulations presents nontrivial challenges. Difficulties also arise in estimating the asymptotic variance of a quantile estimator. We show that STS methods can be used to build CIs for a quantile for the case of crude Monte Carlo (i.e., no variance reduction) with independent and identically distributed outputs. We present numerical results comparing CIs for quantiles using STS to other procedures.


Photon angular distributions and energy spectra up to the kinematic limit have been measured in 190 MeV proton reactions with light and heavy targets. For the first time photon spectra in dependence of scattered protons have been measured to investigate the influence of the multiple-scattering process on the photon production. Based on predictions for the free pn bremsstrahlung amplitude a strong suppression of bremsstrahlung relative to a quasi-free production model is observed in the low-energy regime of the photon spectrum in p+nucleus reactions. We attribute this effect partly to modifications of the bremsstrahlung amplitude in the nuclear medium and partly to interference of proton amplitudes due to multiple scattering of nucleons.


Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality. In order to minimize the harmful effects of medicines, countries have developed their own pharmacovigilance mechanisms. Yemen is a developing country in South West Asia with a National Pharmacovigilance Program (NPP). The current NPP in Yemen has limited coverage and receives only limited ADR reports. Though the program is successful to a certain extent, still there is a scope for improvement. This booklet discusses the drug regulation in Yemen, describing the existing limitations of these regulations, demonstrating the need for pharmacovigilance and go throughout the different stages of pharmacovigilance activities in Yemen and finally how to foster pharmacovigilance activities to achieve the desired health care in Yemen. We hope that this booklet will serve as a useful reference for those individuals and organizations who are interested in Pharmacovigilance.


A new model created on the base of classic problem about resources, is offered. The model allows to take into consideration life cycle of the production and exploitation expenses


ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of quality grade on beef eating quality of top sirloin steaks when cooked to multiple degrees of doneness (DOD).Materials and MethodsBeef top sirloin butts (IMPS #184; N = 60; 15/quality grade) were collected to equally represent 4 quality grades [Prime, Top Choice (Modest and Moderate marbling), Low Choice, and Select]. Top butts were cut into six consecutive steaks, and then divided laterally to get a total of twelve steaks per top butt. Steaks were assigned to one of three DOD: rare (60°C), medium (71°C), and well-done (77°C). Steaks within each DOD were assigned to consumer sensory analysis, trained sensory analysis, fat and moisture analysis, and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Consumers (N = 236) were fed samples under red lighting and evaluated steaks for juiciness, tenderness, flavor, and overall liking on continuous line scales. Trained sensory panelists evaluated samples for initial and sustained juiciness, myofibrillar and overall tenderness, connective tissue amount, beef flavor intensity, and off flavor intensity on similar continuous line scales. Data were analyzed as a split-plot, with a whole plot factor of quality grade, and sub-plot factor of DOD.ResultsThere were no interactions (P > 0.05) for all consumer ratings of palatability traits. For quality grade, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed for consumer ratings of tenderness, flavor, and overall liking; however, there was a significant effect (P = 0.01) on juiciness. Prime top sirloin steaks had higher (P < 0.05) juiciness ratings than all other quality grades, except for Top Choice. Additionally, as DOD increased, consumer ratings and the percentage of steaks rated acceptable for all palatability traits decreased (P < 0.05; rare > medium > well-done). There was a quality grade × DOD interaction (P < 0.05) for trained sensory ratings of myofibrillar tenderness, initial juiciness, and sustained juiciness. When steaks were cooked to medium, Prime and Top Choice steaks had higher (P < 0.05) panelist ratings for initial and sustained juiciness than Low Choice and Select steaks. Similar to trained panelist ratings of juiciness, Prime and Top Choice steaks had higher (P < 0.05) ratings of myofibrillar tenderness than Select steaks. Prime and Top Choice steaks had similar (P > 0.05) and higher (P < 0.05) ratings for myofibrillar tenderness when compared to Low Choice steaks. Within DOD, each successive increase in DOD resulted in a concurrent decrease (P < 0.05; rare > medium > well) in trained panelist ratings of myofibrillar tenderness, initial juiciness, and sustained juiciness. There was no quality grade by DOD interactions (P > 0.05) for Warner-Bratzler shear force. Prime steaks were more (P < 0.05) tender than Low Choice and Select steaks but were similar (P > 0.05) to Top Choice. Moreover, as DOD increased, WBSF concurrently increased (P < 0.05; well-done > medium > rare), with well-done steaks having WBSF values 0.8 kg tougher than rare steaks.ConclusionThese results indicate that regardless of DOD, quality grade had minimal impact on the palatability of beef top sirloin steaks. Therefore, unless cooked to a medium DOD, it is unnecessary for consumers, retailers, and foodservice to pay premium prices for higher quality top sirloin steaks, as the same eating experience will be provided.


The landscape of mantle cell lymphoma is clearly evolving, due to the availability of new treatment options incorporating novel biologic agents. To optimize therapy, we should build on what has been accomplished over the last 3 decades.


Objective To study the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal stromal tumor (SIST). Methods Clinical data of 45 SIST patients admitted to our hospital from July 2007 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis was confirmed pathologically in all the patients. Results The clinical manifestations of SIST were non-specific, and the most common manifestations were as follows: gastrointestinal bleeding in 29 patients (64.4 %), abdominal pain in 15 (33.3%) and abdominal mass in 4 (8.9%). The most common predilection sites of SIST were jejunum (n=21, 46.7%), duodenum (n=13, 28.9%) and ileum (n=9, 20.0%). The tumor was located at the jejunoileal junction in 2 patients (4.4%). The diagnostic rate of SIST by spiral CT was 73.7% (28/38), and it was the most accurate among all the examinations. Surgical operation was the most effective therapeutic method for SIST. All the 45 patients received surgical treatment, and according to Fletcher's criteria, there were 6 patients (13.3%) at very low-risk, 16 (35.6%) at low-risk, 8 (17.8%) at moderate-risk and 15 (33.3%) at highrisk of SIST. The postoperative immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rate of CD117 was 100%, while the positive rate of CD34 was 67.0% (30/45). Imatinib mesylate was helpful for patients who had palliative operation and for preventing postoperative recurrence. Reoperation could prolong the survival of patients who had a local recurrence or distant metastasis. Conclusions  Clinical manifestations of SIST are non-specific, and its early diagnosis is difficult. However, spiral CT has a high diagnostic value for SIST. The surgical operation is the main method for treatment of SIST, and long-time oral imatinib mesylate medication after surgery can attain a better result for a long duration.

 DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2014.07.11


Traveler's cheque is one of banking services that now exist in modern economic system. Nowadays, the used of traveler's cheque are being more recognized in oure society. Traveler's cheque is a part of negotiable instrument that used for traveling purposes. Recently traveler's cheque is used not only for traverl purpose but also for other purposes, such as for gift, as means of payment for general business transactions, even for illegal purposes like graft or gratifications.
In Indonesia, there's no specific regulation that concern on traveler's cheque, but actually Indonesia needs such regulations for regulating the practices of traveler's cheque transactions. To know about what kind of regulations do we need to prevail, first we need to know about the nature of traveler's cheque itself. This paper is a description about the traveler's cheque and legal aspect related to the using of traveler's cheque, and also related legal problems.
The conclusion, traveler's cheque is a specific form of chequ. Indonesia needs specific regulation that concern on traveler's cheque because there are still many weaknesses in both sides of theoretical and practical aspects.


The tetragonal crystalline structure and magnetic properties of MgO/Rh/(Fe1−xCox)0.9V0.1 and MgO/Rh/(Fe1−xCox)0.9V0.05C0.05 films (0.4 ≦ x ≦ 0.7, thickness t  =  2–50 nm) were studied. For both the systems, the films with t  =  5 nm showed a tetragonal distortion (c/a) of ~1.15 at x  =  0.6. Furthermore, in the case of (Fe1−xCox)0.9V0.05C0.05, the films showed a c/a value of ~1.06 even at t  =  50 nm. The magnetic anisotropy induced by the tetragonal distortion of films became 1.4  ×  107 erg cm−3 for (Fe1−xCox)0.9V0.1 (t  =  5 nm) and (Fe1−xCox)0.9V0.05C0.05 (t  =  5 nm) films. We also investigated the tetragonal distortion stability of the films using their enthalpy of formation (ΔH) values obtained from density functional theory calculations.


ABSTRACT The objective of this investigation is to find out the effect of the woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates with different glass fiber densities, such as 610 GSM and 210 GSM, and manufactured by the hand layup technique, supported by compression molding on mechanical properties and abrasive water jet (AWJ) drilling responses. During the investigation, the woven GFRP with a fiber density of 610 GSM has been found to display greater flexural strength, interlaminar strength (ILSS), and tensile strength as compared to the woven GFRP with a fiber density of 210 GSM. The woven GFRP with a fiber density of 610 GSM has also displayed reduced drilling damage in the surface region and less delamination compared to the woven GFRP with a fiber density of 210 GSM. The results of both types of composites prove that the TR and JP considerably impact the delamination extent (DE) and surface roughness (SR). A decrease in the TR and an increase in the JP are primarily responsible for optimizing the desired machining performances. Finally, a FESEM analysis has been done to examine the machined surfaces' morphology.


A spread spectrum (SS) radar is compared with a conventional impulse radar for through wall imaging in this paper. In order to simulate the real electromagnetic environment, all the echoes are generated via modeling and simulation of the finite-different time-domain (FDTD) method. Results show that the SS radar has a great advantage over the impulse radar in some ways, such as targets recognition, engineering realization and immunity from interference. The targets can still be recognized accurately in the image, even when the receiving signals of SS radar are added with -0.83dB noise and sampled by a 2bit, 1 Gs/s analog-to-digital converter(ADC).


A compact microstrip slot-loaded antenna with three-dimensional geometry is presented in this article. The antenna achieves an operational bandwidth from 1.23 GHz-2.56 GHz. The low frequency enables the high penetration into the human head. It shows 70.18% of impedance bandwidth centered at 1.9 GHz with a peak gain of 3.82 dB at the center frequency. The antenna has the front-to-back ratio around 2.4 dB–6.48 dB and efficiency more than 93%. The dimension of the antenna is 0. 58 × 0.12 × 0.05 λ3, where λ represents the effective wavelength of the smallest frequency in the required band of operation. This antenna can be suitable for head imaging applications.


that living with difference would be the problem of the twenty-first century. Instances all across the world provide evidence of this and this insightful book, centred on the Nordic countries, adds powerfully to a body of critical scholarship on race and ethnicity that shows how entangled they are within repressed histories of internal and external colonisation and imagined nationhood. By considering the treatment of indigenous minorities alongside migrant communities, the editors and contributors impressively advance understandings of theways in which difference is imagined and represented. Moreover the essays in this book skilfully analyse the peculiarity of claimed ethnic homogeneity. By linking the role of this myth to the influential model of the social democratic welfare state, they show that Hall's 'fateful triangle' of ethnicity-race-nation requires a fourth pillar, namely the state. Here is a book that may seem to be mainly of relevance to Nordic scholars but will I hope be read well beyond there and by all those interested in ethnicity, migration and the state, for its critical, engaged and engaging, unmasking of assumed homogeneity as well as its search for the possibilities of solidarity across difference." —KarimMurji, Co-editor ofCurrent Sociology, University of West London, UK