A rhodium(II)/chiral phosphoric acid system has been developed for the asymmetric catalytic insertion of α-diazoesters into the O–H bond of carboxylic acids to generate an array of synthetically useful α-hydroxy ester derivatives in good ee (up to 95% ee). Furthermore, the substrate scope could be successfully extended to a range of phenols and alcohols with high yield (up to 92%) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97%) under mild reaction conditions. Additionally, a density functional theory (DFT) study was performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.


sense is not exceptional. But given the rise of intra-state cases of violent conflicts in recent decades, now is neither the time for academic networking, nor for the application of ideal theory, but for interdisciplinary cooperation and the courage to reassess traditional premises of political liberalism. By trying to reassess the practical success of liberal multiculturalism, Multicultural Odysseys is making a step in such a direction.


Failure of composite laminates reinforced with continuous fibres is not fully understood. The complexity of failure behaviors for these materials depends mainly on the large number of possible failure modes. In this work, some failure criteria that incorporate or predict failure modes will first be discussed. Then a formulation taking into account failure modes will be presented. It is based on the dual kriging approach described previously [3,4,5], but includes a new feature: the kriging of derivatives. The introduction of derivatives in kriging allows control of the local shape of the failure envelope as a function of the main failure modes. The method is applied to two types of composite materials: a unidirectional composite and a graphite-epoxy laminate. The effect of failure modes on the shape of the failure envelope is explained, and the results obtained by this approach are compared to those of other criteria. The method provides a general tool to model the failure envelope of composite materials. However, in order to use its full potential, a more fundamental experimental investigation must be performed on the failure phenomena of composite laminates.


was sitting in Mr. Cheney's thirdperiod biology class staring at a blank piece of paper on her desk. The students around her were chatting with each other as they cut out pictures from magazines to illustrate categories in a taxonomy. Mr. Cheney looked up, saw Carla, and wondered yet again how he was supposed to teach all 30 students in his class and assist Carla, who had a cognitive disability, to participate in classroom activities. He had planned the activity with Carla in mind, thinking she would enjoy it, but something was not working. Instead of choosing pictures with her classmates and enjoying the chance to socialize, Carla was just sitting there, staring at her paper. Being a part of his class should have given Carla opportunities to learn new things and make friends. It just wasn't turning out as Mr. Cheney had hoped. What was he doing wrong?


The diglycidyl ether of 4,4'-diallyl bisphenol A(DADGEBA) has been synthesized from 4,4'-diallyl bisphenol A(DABPA) and epichlorohydrine(ECH) as raw materials,and a novel organosilicon epoxy resin(SEP) has been prepared by subsequent hydrosilylation of DADGEBA with trimethoxysilane.FT-IR,13 C-NMR,and 29 Si-NMR spectroscopy showed that SEP was a multi-functional epoxy resin with trimethoxysilyl groups in the side chain.Viscosity,molecular weight and epoxy value measurements gave consistent values.The viscosity of SEP at 60 ℃ was less than 1 Pa.s and it was soluble in most common solvents,indicating its practical utility.


The self_images in Shu Ting's poems not only mark the return of "Man" and the awakening of "Female",but at the same time bear a rich traditional culture psychology and domestic ethics.Her female poems,characteristic of Orientalism,are considered as the origin of the Contemporary Chinese female poetry.


Abstract: a power receiving bus 22 that powered by A commercial power line 26, a connection between two systems, such as a private power bus 23 feeding from the private power generation device 29 is made to be opened and closed, It performs a current limiting operation in the event of an accident, the grid interconnection device 21 so as to suppress the instantaneous voltage drop of the bus 22 and 23, achieve a reduction of the rectifying element. For realizing the same operation as the grid interconnection device provided with a DC reactor to the A between the DC terminals of the single-phase rectifier bridge circuit, a DC diode D1 reactor L1 Up parallel circuit U1 units units and, by direction of the diode is connected reverse parallel circuit U2 series, it is possible to halve the number of diodes, not only element costs, in particular high-pressure systems and ultra-high pressure in the system, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost and space for insulation.


Frances McDormand has always excelled when playing tough, quick-witted characters – often with a comic edge – and in Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri she gives the performance of her life playing a no-nonsense mother on the trail of her daughter's murderer.


PURPOSE: A liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to increase the capacity as well as to improve the yield of manufacturing and image stability. CONSTITUTION: A liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of address lines(11), a gate insulation layer(5), a plurality of data lines(12), an upper layer insulation layer, a transparent electrode(6), a thin film transistor(103), and a capacitor(105). The plurality of address lines(11) are formed on an insulation substrate. The gate insulation layer(5) are formed on the address lines. The plurality of data lines(12) are formed so as to overlap the data lines and the address interconnections. The upper layer insulation layer is raised on the data lines. The transparent electrode(6) includes a transparent conductive layer which is allocated on each pixel region surrounded by the address lines and the data lines on the upper insulation layer. The thin film transistor(103) connects the data lines to the transparent electrode selectively. The capacitor(105) includes a first electrode, a second electrode(25), and the upper insulation layer..


Asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase(NOS) and can decrease the production of NO via inhibition of NOS competitively.ADMA is reported to be implicated in the pathophysiological processes of several diseases such as atherosclerosis,hypertension,chronic kidney disease,stroke,diabetes and cancer,and is regarded as a novel cardiovascular risk factor.Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases(DDAH) are enzymes responsible for inactivation of ADMA.A decrease in DDAH activity may lead to ADMA accumulation and thus promotes the development of ADMA-related diseases.Recent development in tissue distribution,biological function,regulation of DDAH,and implication of DDAH in human diseases are reviewed presently.


Complement dysregulation is central to the pathogenesis of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Mutations in genes encoding complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) can be identified in 61% of aHUS patients (Fremeaux-Bacchi 2013). In hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, all 6 children who developed post-transplant thrombotic microangiopathy (PT-TMA) were found to have a mutation in complement factor (CF) H related genes and/or the presence of CFH autoantibodies. In contrast, 18 children without evidence of PT-TMA had no mutations detected suggesting a strong role for complement dysregulation in the development of PT-TMA (Jodele 2013). Similarly, 30% of renal transplant patients who develop de novo PT-TMA had a mutation identified in CFH and/or CFI related genes, which were lacking in matched transplanted controls (Le Quintrec 2008). In non-renal solid organ transplant (NRSOT) recipients, the role of complement in PT-TMA is less well-understood. A lack of established diagnostic criteria makes PT-TMA in NRSOT recipients difficult to recognize. The overall rate of renal failure (RF) in NRSOT recipients ranges from 7-21% (Ojo, NEJM 2003). RF is often attributed to endothelial damage triggered by calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), infection, or ischemia, all of which activate the alternative complement pathway. We propose a contributor to NRSOT related RF is PT-TMA, which develops in a subset of patients with underlying mutations in genes encoding CRPs. From January 2012-Novemeber 2013, 10 patients were clinically diagnosed with PT-TMA (8 small bowel (SB), 2 liver) and treated with eculizumab at our institution. The 7 patients remaining on therapy at 1 year underwent testing for mutations in genes encoding CRPs via a commercially available assay at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis. Identified mutations are depicted in table 1. All patients clinically diagnosed with PT-TMA had at least one non-synonymous mutation identified in genes encoding CRPs, which supports the role of complement dysregulation in the pathogenesis of PT-TMA in NRSOT patients. CFI898A>G, CFH1204C>T, and the combination of CFH1204C>T and CFH184G>A were found in 100%, 71%, and 57% of our patients, suggesting clinical significance. CFHR3-CFHR1 heterozygous deletion was seen in 29% of our cohort and has been correlated with an increased risk of aHUS and presence of CFH autoantibodies as reported in HSCT-TMA (Zipfel 2007). Two patients were heterozygous for either C3 p.T647M or CFB p.I242, which have been noted in aHUS cohorts (Schramm 2015; Noris 2010). Although seen in 35% of the normal population, CFH p.Y402H was observed in 29% of our cohort. Its presence has been reported to affect CFH related binding and has been associated with complement mediated disorders of the eye and kidney (Mullins 2011; Hageman 2005; Abrera-Abeleda 2006). The identification of one or more CRP mutations in NRSOT patients with PT-TMA strongly suggests they harbor a predisposition to an impaired ability to regulate complement. Upon exposure to complement activating stimuli, these individuals develop PT-TMA or more accurately termed aHUS. We previously linked spontaneous thrombosis, as the underlying cause for SB transplant, to an increased risk of PT-TMA. The 3 patients with spontaneous thrombosis as the etiology for SB transplant that were tested were found to have CRP mutations, supporting our hypothesis that SB ischemia may be the presenting feature of aHUS. To better define the underlying PT-TMA-related risks associated with CRP mutations, we propose a study involving pre-transplant screening of all NRSOT recipients with ongoing prospective evaluation for the development and clinical course of PT-TMA. Disclosures Broome:Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.


497 Background: As activating RAS mutations have been shown to predict lack of benefit from anti-EGFR therapies in advanced CRC, NCCN guidelines recommend testing for KRAS exon 2 and non-exon 2 mutations; however, these alterations are thought to explain only a subset of de novo resistance to targeted therapy. In a large set of CRC assayed with comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) in the course of clinical care, we assessed the frequency of less common KRAS short insertions that may predict failure of anti-EGFR therapy. Methods: 4,422 CRC cases were assayed with CGP performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation based libraries to a mean coverage depth of > 650X for at least 236 cancer-related genes plus 47 introns from 19 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. All classes of genomic alterations (GA) were identified, including base pair substitutions, insertions/deletions, copy number alterations, and rearrangements. Pertinent available prior molecular testing results and clinical history was revi...


The Great Exploration Plan (GEP) has been proposed as an alternative approach for achieving the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) objectives stated by President Bush on 20 Jul. 1989. The GEP is an evolutionary, end-to-end approach for the establishment bases on the Moon and Mars. The GEP deviates from most other proposed SEI architectures by its extensive use of inflatable structures and by its emphasis on Earth-based assembly and test of all components. The following presentation focuses on the design, development and implementation of an inflatable/deployable Lunar outpost as part of the GEP. Programmatic and technical issues associated with this concept are also addressed.


The mercury (II) removal was studied using two adsorbents: waste FCC Catalyst and NaY zeolite, those materials were characterized under test such as TGA, XRD, IR, immersion enthalpy and N2 adsorption isotherms. The zeolite superficial area is 773 m/g and that of the FCC catalyst is 135 m/g. The maximum mercury adsorption capacity was 1.8561mg/g for the FCC catalyst and 2.6845 mg/g for the zeolite. The equilibrium isotherms were described with the Langmuir and Freundlich linear models. Besides, the kinetics was described with the Lagergren and Pseudo-second order, the latter fit better in the experiments. After the use of the adsorbents, they were regenerated, acquiring their superficial areas as 675 and 87 m/g for the NaY zeolite and the FCC catalyst, respectively. .


This article presents the possibilities of education of teachers in secondary vocational schools in the field of robotics. It is possible to use the assembly cell with SCARA robot, which is provided with a visual recognition system components. The second option consists of the use of virtual laboratory. Virtual laboratory enabling projects to work with robots, NC machines, conveyors and other types of objects. The solution is a system for recording special marks under which a computer generates the appropriate object.


Some phenomena implicate androgenic steroid as existing effects in laryngeal sexual differences and disease. For this reason, specific androgen binding proteins in tissue from the laryngeal region have been examined, and antiandrogens have been used to treat laryngeal carcinoma. However, there have been few experimental data documenting its presence, especially concerning with the location of receptors for androgenic steroids in male and female larynx. To investigate this problem whether androgen is taken up by the tissue of human laryngeal carcinoma or normal mucosa of the larynx, an autoradiographical study was performed. Tumors used in this study were moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Immediately after resection, the samples were put into Eagle's MEN, and incubated at 37°C for 1 hour with a specific radio ligand, 3H-Testosterone (3H-T). 3H-T and its metabolites were found to be concentrated in nuclei of epithelial cells of the male vocal cord and some parts of male laryngeal carcinoma tissues. This suggest some effect of testosterone on these cell nuclei. However, the silver grain distribution in the cell nuclei per 10000m2 of nuclear area (average specific concentration) was not uniformly distributed in the same specimen. Male laryngeal carcinoma cells can possibly be classified into several cell types, according to the extent of silver grain distribution of nuclei. Laryngeal carcinoma seems to be composed of various cell types with different sensitivity to androgenic steroid. Nevertheless, distribution of the silver grains per cell was similar in the same specimen of laryngeal carcinoma. Quantitative analysis of the intracellular distribution of radioactivity by silver grain counting showed about 60-75 % of 3H-T to be associated with the nuclear compartment of the small cell type of laryngeal carcinoma and the epithelium of vocal cord bordering on the basementmembrane. This value appeared to be similar to the results in other sex hormone target organ reported elsewhere. These findings provide some evidence that human laryngeal tissue, especially vocal cords, and laryngeal carcinomas might be one of the target organs for androgenic steroids.


Figure 3. There was a significant crayfish X current interaction whereby hydropsychid numbers increased with current, but this occurred only when crayfish were absent (p=0.009). Crayfish are considered "ecosystem engineers" because they manipulate environments and can profoundly affect the aquatic ecosystems in which they live (Creed & Reed 2004). Crayfish also affect the composition of benthic stream communities by altering habitats (Hansen 2013) and modifying trophic relationships and food web structure (Bobeldyk & Lamberti 2010, Larsen 2013). They can directly affect benthic macroinvertebrates through predation (Keller & Ruman 1998) and indirectly through resource competition (Jackson 2014).


Information is presented concerning the effects of design parameters for fluidized bed air heaters for gas turbines on the cost-related characteristics of the inbed heat exchanger. An analysis of the pressure drop/heat transfer relations is described and the results and implications for design are presented. According to these results, the cost of the heater for a pressurized, closed-cycle turbine system is likely to exceed that of an open-cycle system in which the compressor discharge pressure is lower. Higher air pressure and higher allowable pressure drop are shown to be effective in lowering the operating temperature of the heat exchanger tubes.


In 1995, the NASA Systems Engineering Handbook (NASA/SP-6105) was initially published to bring the fundamental concepts and techniques of systems engineering to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) personnel in a way that recognized the nature of NASA systems and the NASA environment.


Significance
 The withdrawal came with neither notice nor any obvious precipitating event, and is ultimately more a piece of political showmanship than a decision rooted in fiscal calculation. This underscores the frenetic, changeable nature of Gulf politics. It also speaks to possible fragility at the core of OPEC.

 Impacts
 Doha will aggressively court inward investment and will do so increasingly on its own terms.
 Ratings agencies and investors may interpret this move as a sign of a bullish and reinvigorated government.
 The decision will not affect the ultimate settlement of the Gulf crisis, which will be resolved when Saudi Arabia and its allies choose.
 Doha will remain a predictable energy supplier, prizing its reputation as a reliable exporter that does not use trade as a political weapon.


Human drivers are remarkably robust against various unexpected occurring variations and corruptions by understanding temporal changes and traffic scenes. In contrast, the neural network based autonomous navigation system can be easily affected by sensor data anomaly, like occlusion, sensor noise, challenging weather and illumination conditions. Such external disturbances are inevitable in practical driving applications. In this paper, we develop a semi-supervised anomaly detection module to detect the corrupted data while extracting the traffic scenario features. We further introduce an end-to-end robust autonomous navigation framework based on the idea that the consecutive frames of clean data depict a similar traffic scenario and the differences among the sequential data imply the dynamic state changes. By taking into consideration both spatial traffic scenario and temporal environmental variation, the model is able to achieve robust navigation against sensor data corruptions. We conduct experiments in CARLA platform and the evaluation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The article presents the enarrationes in which St. Augustine comments on the parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector who went up to the Temple to pray (Lk 18: 9-14). The chronology and setting of each of the enarrationes where the parable is commented are highlighted. Subsequently, following a chronological order, the main ideas that are emphasised by the Bishop of Hippo in his commentary on the above-mentioned parable are highlighted, distinguishing between the enarrationes preached before the Pelagian controversy, and those preached within it. Finally, the article makes a reading of the whole, in order to see more clearly the ideas and nuances that Augustine highlights in this parable within the enarrationes in Psalmos, paying particular attention to the anti-Pelagian ideas and the Biblica Texts that Augustine underlines in his commentary on the parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector.


In today's chemical, refinery, and petrochemical sectors, separation tanks are one of the most significant separating processes. One or more separation tanks must operate consistently and reliably for multiple facilities' safe and efficient operation. Therefore, in this paper, a PI controller unit has been designed to improve the performance of the tank level controller of the industrial process in Basrah Refinery Station. The overall system mathematical model has been derived and simulated by MATLAB to evaluate the performance. Further, to improve the performance of the tank level controller, optimal PI parameters should be calculated, which Closed-Loop PID Autotuner has been used for this task. Several experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The results indicated that the PI controller based on the Autotuner Method is superior to the conventional PI controller in terms of ease to implement and configuration also less time to get optimal PI gains.


ABSTRACT A protein complex is a collection of two or more associated proteins that interact with each other in a stable long-term interaction. Protein complexes have essential roles in regulatory processes, cellular functions and signaling cascades. This paper examines how well-known collections of protein complexes are supported in protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, i.e. whether they form connected subnetworks in a particular PPI network. For that purpose, we apply a variable neighbourhood search (VNS) metaheuristic algorithm for adding the minimum number of interactions in order to support protein complexes. Experimental results obtained on several PPI networks (BioGRID, WI-PHI and String) and four protein complex standards (MIPS, TAP06, SGD and CYC2008) show that considered networks do not include enough PPIs to support all complexes from complex standards. Deeper analysis indicates that there exists common PPIs which are probably missing in the considered networks. These findings can be useful for further biological interpretation and developing of PPI prediction models.


This article discusses the environment conditions and effects of green produce center,the comprehensive production technology,the supervision of produce quality and the technical system.


Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects about 5% of the world population (1). In Western Europe, Australia and the USA prevalence of chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is less than 1% of the population. Among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals this prevalence is approximately 10 fold higher (2). Until recently, studies on HBV infection in HIV seropositive patients have not been emphasized. The natural history of chronic HBV infection is modified by co-infection with HIV. After initial HBV infection, both development and persistence of chronic HBV infection are greater in patients with prior HIV infection (3, 4). Among chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers a high level of HBV replication or the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) are common in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals (3, 4). These 2 conditions may be predictive of poor survival. However, studies performed prior to the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (prior to 1997), found mild necroinflammatory liver lesions associated with low serum transaminases in deeply immunossupressed HIV/HBV co-infected patients (5-8). More recent studies, conducted in HAART era, have reported a higher incidence rate of liver related cirrhosis and mortality in HIV/HBV co-infected patients compared to HIV mono-infected persons (9, 10). Factors impacting progression to cirrhosis in HIV/HBV co-infected patients remain unknown. HAART-related immune restoration may have switched the immune reaction to HBV from a tolerance to an intolerance phase, leading in some cases to the complete control of HBV replication or in a majority of patients to an exacerbation of chronic hepatitis. HAART-related hepatotoxicity could also have contributed to worsening of liver damage. On the other hand, improvement of liver lesions may be observed in patients receiving antiretroviral regimens containing lamivudine. Finally, the effect of HIV infection on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) could also have been modified by a longer life expectancy, which may allow greater time for cirrhosis to develop. Studies of the natural history of CHB are needed to identify which patients may have the greater benefit from anti-HBV therapy, and to assess when to treat. Therefore, due to the complex potent interactions between these two viruses, the immune system and antiretroviral therapy, the strategy and management of anti-HBV therapy in HIV-infected persons must take into consideration both virus infections.


Redundancy allocation (RA) is one of the important approaches to improve system reliability by incorporating generally s-identical and s-independent components. However in the presence of common cause failures (CCF), a rarely studied problem as Redundancy optimization, the optimized system reliability may be adversely affected. In this paper the effect of CCF on Reliability Optimization using Redundancy Allocation has been expedited. The paper is implemented in two steps. Step1 involves obtaining the optimized solution of the problem using existing techniques. In the next step, modifications are done to compute optimized system reliability under CCF. The optimized reliability expression is modified to depict the effect of CCF. The work is extended to complex network analysis & implicit method has been used to do this work. The adverse effect of CCF on system reliability has also been demonstrated quantitatively with the help of example.


Dunlin migration in northeast Italy is described. An attempt to identify the main routes and staging areas used by birds wintering in the central Mediterranean is presented. The results of monthly counts from 1990–1995 revealed that the bulk of the population occupied the wintering area in October and left for the breeding grounds in April and May. The analysis of 342 Italian recoveries of foreign ringed birds showed that 65% were ringed during post-breeding migration through the Baltic Sea, whereas just a few birds had been ringed in western Europe. First-year birds arrived in autumn with a single migratory wave, peaking in October. Two categories of adults were identified during post-breeding migration: birds which directly reached Italian wintering sites and birds which arrived after they had suspended their migration for moulting: the Azov/Black Sea wetlands are suggested as possible moulting areas. Out of 2444 adults and 1627 first-years ringed between 1989 and 1996 at our study area, we obtained a t...


PALMIERI, in 1921, described the principle of an original method of obtaining a plastic model of the living heart by the aid of x-rays. Palmieri, who realized that the heart in silhouette is a record of the tangential rays, first obtained a series of films of the heart with the patient rotated at definite angles. Subsequently, these heart silhouettes were copied on cardboard and cut out. In the next stage of the procedure, he used a cutting wire, fastened to a fixed point representing the focus which followed the cardboard silhouettes in the order of their production. At the same time the wire cut off pieces of a plastic block, mounted on a turntable, to duplicate the various positions of the rotation of the patient. Thus was sculptured, for the first time, the model of a living organ. It is very simple to visualize a fluoroscopic adaptation of Palmieri's principle. There must be two synchronized turntables, one for the rotation of the patient and one for the rotation of the plastic block. Such an apparat...


Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses in Australia rely fundamentally on the assumption that earthquakes recorded
in the past are indicative of where earthquakes will occur in the future. No attempt has yet been made to assess
the potential contribution that data from active fault sources might make to the modelling process, despite successful
incorporation of such data into United States and New Zealand hazard maps in recent years. In this paper
we review the limited history of paleoseismological investigation in Australia and discuss the potential contribution
of active fault source data towards improving our understanding of intraplate seismicity. The availability
and suitability of Australian active fault source data for incorporation into future probabilistic hazard models is
assessed, and appropriate methodologies for achieving this proposed.


The energy supply entities widely adopt distributed generators (DG) to meet the additional power requirement due to scheduled or unscheduled interruptions. The expansion of transmission and distribution systems via the inclusion of loads and generators and the occurrence of line interruptions are significant causes of congestion of transmission lines in interconnected systems. The management and alleviation of congested lines is a primary requirement for a power system network's reliable and efficient operation. The researchers investigated the potential scope of distributed generation (DG) to alleviate the congested branches in interconnected transmission systems. The development of a reliable scheme to arrive at the best location and size of local generators for alleviating congestion deserves considerable importance. This paper attempted to develop a simple and reliable strategy for the optimum placement and sizing of DGs to be integrated with a transmission line system of DGs for congestion relief in transmission lines by analyzing power flow solutions. This research work considered the 14-bus system of IEEE for the preliminary analysis to identify the parameters employed for assessing the severity of line congestion and the best placement and sizing of DGs for congestion relief. This work analyzed power flows by load flow algorithms using ETAP software in the 14-bus IEEE system for different line outage cases. The analysis of power flow solutions of the 14-bus system of IEEE revealed that the percentage violation of the system can be regarded as an essential parameter to assess the extent of congestion in an interconnected system. A detailed power flow analysis of the system with various capacities of DG integration at several buses in the system revealed the application of two indices, namely the index of severity (SI) and sensitivity factor (SF), for optimum placement with the best capacity of DGs for congestion alleviation in the system. This work proposed a reliable algorithm for the best siting and sizing of DGs for congestion relief by using the identified indices. The proposed methodology is system indices allied load flow-based algorithm. This work produced a fast simulation solution without any mismatch through this developed scheme. The approximations linked with the algorithm were very minute, resulting in comprehensive bests instead of inexact limited bests with less simulation time and more convergence probability and availing the benefits of the mathematical approach. The work investigated the feasibility of the proposed methodology for optimum placing and quantifying DGs for congestion solutions for a practical interconnected bus system in the supply entity of the Kerala grid with many buses. Any transmission system operator can adopt this method in similar connected systems anywhere. The proposed algorithm determined the most severe cases of congestion and the optimum site and size of DGs for managing congested feeders in the grid system. The analysis of the losses in the system for different cases of DG penetration by load flow analysis validated the suitability of the obtained results.


An error in the calculations of material dispersion M(λ), based on our measurements of n(λ) in fibers, has recently come to our attention. It was not noticed earlier because the discrepancy occurs largely at short wavelengths that are not of current technical interest. The error was traced to a mis take in programming the computation of the second derivative of n for pure silica from the Sellmeier representation. Cor rected curves for M(λ) for all the binary fiber compositions are given in Fig. 1. These results now agree with results re ported elsewhere. Note that the correction causes M(λ) for B2O3-SiO2 to be less than for SiO2. The programming error has no effect on any of the other computations, which involve n(λ), α(λ), and the expansion coefficients bi. Other measurements published recently agree within experimental uncertainty with the original quantities n(X) and α(λ) for our fiber samples. We also note two typographical errors. The quantity b1 for GeO2-SiO2 sample B should be -7.4194 × 10, and the labels A and B in Fig. 4 should be interchanged.


Background  Symptomatic response to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in patients with non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) is often reported as lower than in patients with erosive reflux disease (ERD). However, the definition of NERD differs across clinical trials. This meta‐analysis aims to estimate the rate of symptom relief in response to PPI in NERD patients.


Climate change is widely accepted to pose a range of risks and challenges for Australia. As a result, Federal, State/Territory, and local governments are taking action to both mitigate, and adapt to, the consequences of climate change. This chapter explores two overarching issues of how activities undertaken to mitigate climate change are affecting land use in Australia. First, what are the nature and scope, and the grounds for exercising rights over private property under Australian law in the context of climate change? Second, how is use and enjoyment of private property affected by Australia's flagship mechanism to encourage GHG emissions mitigation, the Emissions Reduction Fund ('ERF')?


The present invention relates to the preparation method of Parecoxib Sodium key intermediate, belong to pharmaceutical synthesis field.The purpose of the present invention is to overcome defect present in existing synthetic method, there is provided that a kind of reaction condition is gentle, supplementary material it is cheap be easy to get, post-processing operation is simple, the preparation method of the Parecoxib Sodium key intermediate of with short production cycle, product purity and high income, comprise the following steps:Step one, 1 (phenylethylene of 1 methyl 2) pyrrolidines (compound I) is prepared;Step 2, prepares 5 methyl 3,4 diphenyl 5 (base of pyrrolidines 1) 4,5 dihydro-isoxazoles (compound II);Step 3, prepares 5 methyl 3,4 diphenyl isoxazole (compound III) crude products;Step 4, refining for 53,4 hexichol of methyl 5 base isoxazole (compound III) crude products, a kind of brand-new method is provided to prepare Parecoxib Sodium key intermediate.


We consider the second order differential equation (1) with the assumptions that (2) f(x) is continuous (- ∞ < x < ∞) and p(t) is continuous and bounded: |p(t)| ≤ E, - ∞ < t < ∞. Also, throughout this paper, F(x) denotes an antiderivative of f(x).


The oxide sintered body of the present invention is mainly made of gallium, indium, and oxygen, and greater than 65 atomic% of the gallium on the entire metal elements and containing less than 100 atomic%, and its density is at least 5.0g / ㎤. Is obtained by using the oxide film, the oxide sintered body of the present invention as a sputtering target, a shortest optical wavelength of 320nm or less removal of the substrate, the light transmittance of the film itself represents 50%. A transparent substrate of the present invention, a glass plate, a quartz plate, on one side or on both sides covered with a gas barrier film resin plate or a resin film, or is inserted into the gas barrier film is formed on the inside on one side of the transparent substrate is selected from resin plate or resin film which or to both surfaces it is obtained by forming the oxide film. The oxide sintered body, an oxide film, a transparent substrate, gallium, indium, sputtering, target


From a user perspective, immersive content can elicit more intense emotions than flat-screen presentations. From a system perspective, efficient storage and distribution remain challenging, and must consider user attention. Understanding the connection between user attention, user emotions and immersive content is therefore key. In this work, we will present the PEM360 dataset of user head movements and gaze recordings in 360° videos, along with self-reported emotional ratings of valence and arousal, and continuous physiological measurement of electrodermal activity and heart rate. The stimuli are selected to enable the spatiotemporal analysis of the connection between content, user motion and emotion. We then present findings on the tri-partite connection between user attention, user emotion and visual content in immersive environments. This involves analyzing low-level and high-level saliency of video content, in connection with the data on the user's state from the PEM360 dataset. This work was published and presented at ACM MMSys 2022 Open Dataset and Software track[2] and at ICIP 2022 [1].


In order to reduce the influences of the operation temperature of Distributed Feedback(DFB) laser on its output wavelength and optical power,a strong robustness DFB laser temperature control system was developed using Ziegler-Nichols Proportion-Integral-Derivative(PID) control algorithm.Using this temperature control system,an experiment was performed on a DFB laser with a center wavelength of 1.742 μm,which was manufactured by the Institute of Semiconductor,CAS.The results indicate that the temperature accuracy of ±0.05 ℃ and control range of 5 ℃-60 ℃ can be achieved by this system respectively.The tested DFB laser works stably without center wavelength shift during long term(220 min) operation.Therefore,this temperature control system provides superior performance that guarantees the application of the DFB laser in infrared gas detection.


The aim of this work was to study the possibility of using CMOS ASIC technology to construct accurate time-interval-measurement devices, for which ECL (emitter-coupled-logic) technology is normally used because of its better stability. The accuracy of the time-to-digital converter constructed for the averaging of 10/sup 6/ measurement results is estimated to be about 6.7 ps, which corresponds to a distance accuracy of 1 mm in laser rangefinding applications. This was achieved using only a 50-MHz external clock frequency, which was effectively tripled using three-phase clocking. The large timing jitter typical of CMOS technology, caused by supply noise, was suppressed by careful layout and a very forgiving averaging algorithm. It was found that phase errors in the three-phase oscillator do not bias the measurement result. Some jitter is needed in the repetition rate of the measurements, however, for reliable averaging of the results. The measurement speed was limited by the external computer, but automatic accumulation of 64 successive measurements helped to reduce the time required to obtain 10/sup 6/ measurements from 10 min to 20 s.<<ETX>>


Abstract : The results of a theoretical analysis of the hinge-moment characteristics of various sealed-internal-balance arrangements for control surfaces are presented. The analysis considered overhands sealed to various types of wing structure by flexible seals spanning gaps of various widths or sealed to the wing structure by a flexible system of linked plates. Leakage was not considered; the seal was assumed to extend the full spanwise length of the control surface. The effect of the developed width of the flexible seal and of the geometry of the structure to which the seal was anchored was investigated, as well as the effect of the gap width that is sealed. The results of the investigation indicated that the most nearly linear control-surface hinge-moment characteristics can probably be obtained from a flexible seal over a narrow gap (about 0.1 of the overhand chord), which is so installed that the motion of the seal is restricted to a region behind the point of attachment of the seal to the wing structure. Control-surface hinge moments that tend to be high at large deflections and low or over-balanced at small deflections will result if a very narrow seal is used.


Calcium carbonate has been one of the materials to manufacture feedstuff calcium.In this article,calcium carbonate is partly replaced by AⅡ mud to manufacture feedstuff calcium bicarbonate.


Abstract Background Community acquired respiratory virus infections (RVI) are a major concern in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients due to severe complications such as lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), superimposed fungal and bacterial pneumonia, intensive care admission and mortality. Besides influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), there is paucity of data of RVI in SOT recipients. Table 1: Patients characteristics Table 2: Concomitant infections Methods Retrospective cohort study of a single large transplant center was performed. Data of multiplex qualitative PCR-based respiratory viral panel (RVP) samples collected between January 2017 and December 2019 were included. It is important to mention that our institution generally performs the RSV/influenza rapid detection assay as an initial test; if negative, the multiplex PCR panel is usually done. We did not include results from the RSV/influenza rapid test in this study. Results One hundred transplant patients with a single positive RVP were included (table 1). Transplanted organs include kidney (40%), followed by lung (33%) and liver (9%). Most common presenting symptoms were cough (52%), shortness of breath (28%) and rhinorrhea (26%). Of note fever was seen in only 24%. Most common RVI was Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (RHV/ENT) (59%), followed by non-SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (19%) and Parainfluenza (PIV) (14%). None of the patients had neutropenia, however, 52% had lymphocytopenia. Lung transplant patients developed LRTI in 70% of cases compared to non-lung transplant 64% (p=0.412). Multivariate analysis showed patients with PIV 3 were less likely to develop LRTI (p= 0.038). Significant Cytomegalovirus DNAemia (>137 IU/mL) was noted in 9.8% of the recipients. No proven or probable pulmonary fungal infection were noted within 3 months after diagnosis of RVI. Five patients were admitted to the Intensive care unit due to septic shock. Three patients died at 4, 5 and 35 days after diagnosis of RHV/ENT, PIV-3 and RHV/ENT respectively. Conclusion Most of the cases of RVI were due to RHV/ENT. Patients with PIV 3 were less likely to develop LRTI. Lung transplant recipients developed LRTI with similar incidence to non-lung recipients. Our data shows a very low mortality of 3% after RVI in our SOT cohort, which warrants larger studies. Disclosures Michele I. Morris, MD, Viracor Eurofins (Advisor or Review Panel member)


IN Great Britain the evidence so far is overwhelmingly in favour of bovine sources of infection in cases of undulant fever. The caprine and porcine types of Brucella have not been proved to occur indigenously, and, while the probability of the existence of the caprine type is remote, since comparatively few goats are maintained, the porcine type might quite well occur, as numerous herds of pigs are everywhere present throughout the length and breadth of the land. The bovine type of Brucella abortus is cosmopolitan in character, since it may also infect horses and sheep, probably also dogs, chickens, and perhaps other animals. The caprine type of melitensis readily infects goats and sheep, but cattle, horses, and swine are only slightly susceptible to it; the porcine type mainly infects swine, though an organism similar in its cultural characteristics has been isolated from cows, horses, and man. Human cases of undulant fever can be divided into two groups, according to the source of infection: (1) those without, and (2) those with, direct contact with live stock or carcasses. The first group is infected by ingestion or by contact with infected dairy products, particularly raw milk, the second by contact with infected secretions of live animals and infected carcasses. It has been repeatedly shown that, in this country, raw milk must be a continual potential source of infection, as contagious abortion is a widely prevalent disease (Wilson and Nutt, 1926; Beattie, 1932; Smith, 1932; Morgan, 1932; Priestley, 1932). Authoritative and complete information as to the presence of Br. abortus in milk products, however, is not yet available. Lerche (1931) found living Br. abortus in one out of four samples of country butter, and that in rennet cheese the organism may remain viable for 3 weeks, but is rapidly killed off by the lactic acid fermentation incidental to the production of hard cheese. Maze and Cesari (1931) report similar results in cheese. Again, Carrieu and Lafenetre (1932) showed that undulant fever (melitensis type) must be conveyed by fresh cheese. In one instance an epidemic was traced to cheese sold by a travelling vendor, for it was possible to tell where he had been peddling his wares by the result amongst his customers. As regards ice-cream, large manufacturers use pasteurised milk, but small retailers or private houses often use raw. Thompson (1933) showed that in ice-cream prepared with raw, naturally infected milk, Br. abortus remained viable for at least one month when kept at temperatures below freezing-point. Several papers have been published showing that men employed in handling domestic animals show a higher incidence of agglutmins for Br. abortus


Earthquakes are lethal and costly. This study aims at avoiding these catastrophic events by the application of injection policies retrieved through reinforcement learning. With the rapid growth of artificial intelligence, prediction-control problems are all the more tackled by function approximation models that learn how to control a specific task, even for systems with unmodeled/unknown dynamics and important uncertainties. Here, we show for the first time the possibility of controlling earthquake-like instabilities using state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning techniques. The controller is trained using a reduced model of the physical system, i.e, the spring-slider model, which embodies the main dynamics of the physical problem for a given earthquake magnitude. Its robustness to unmodeled dynamics is explored through a parametric study. Our study is a first step towards minimizing seismicity in industrial projects (geothermal energy, hydrocarbons production, CO2 sequestration) while, in a second step for inspiring techniques for natural earthquakes control and prevention.


Escherichia coli, the most common facultative anaerobe among the flora that inhabit the healthy human large intestine, has an important role in maintaining normal physiologic functions. But it is a...


The electronic structure of bilayer graphene is investigated from a resonant Raman study using different laser excitation energies. The values of the parameters of the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure model for graphite are measured experimentally and some of them differ significantly from those reported previously for graphite, specially that associated with the difference of the effective mass of electrons and holes. The splitting of the two TO phonon branches in bilayer graphene is also obtained from the experimental data. Our results have implications for bilayer graphene electronic devices.


This study explores the process of cumulative 'symbolic sublimation' of power within secular formations as it unfolded through the formative phases that saw in Western Europe the rise and consolidation of patterns first of state sovereignty (within early modernity) and then of social solidarity (within late, colonial and postcolonial modernity). It spells out the process of symbolic sublimation through which secular power justifies itself in cultural terms, by effecting the simultaneous mutation and occultation of traditional symbols in order to underwrite sovereignty and solidarity. Finally, it shows that symbolic sublimation, particularly in the current phase that witnesses the erosion of both sovereignty and solidarity, can no longer disguise wider patterns of connectedness within social relations that are irreducible to either modernist formation. This contemporary stage of the 'secular' in the post-colonial era is analysed by reference to political and judicial decisions on issues related to the Islamic headscarf and responses thereto. It reveals the extent to which 'immunity', the obverse more than the antithesis of community, is both the long-term vector and the ultimate outcome of both sovereignty and solidarity as the two historic arrows of the 'secular'.


The term health planning can cover a wide range of different activities from long term strategic planning for a whole system to the short term development of a service and from human resource and financial planning to planning interventions to meet population needs. Moreover, as two examples described here show, it can be undertaken in very different ways. All methodologies have weaknesses and, in reality, most changes and improvements in health come about through political action, the leadership of clinical and other entrepreneurs, learning by doing and the careful application of improvement science. Planning is, however, important and this paper concludes by considering how planning processes might engage entrepreneurial leaders, work with partners from other sectors and embrace the improvements generated by individuals and teams learning and innovating in real time.


This document, which is prepared as directed by the Compliance Order on Consent (COOC) issued by the New Mexico Environment Department, outlines a process to evaluate remedial alternatives to identify a corrective measure for the Sandia National Laboratories Tijeras Arroyo Groundwater (TAG). The COOC provides guidance for implementation of a Corrective Measures Evaluation (CME) for TAG. This Work Plan documents an initial screening of remedial technologies and presents a list of possible remedial alternatives for those technologies that passed the screening. This Work Plan outlines the methods for evaluating these remedial alternatives and describes possible site-specific evaluation activities necessary to estimate remedy effectiveness and cost. These methods will be reported in the CME Report. This Work Plan outlines the CME Report, including key components and a description of the corrective measures process.


met would not have changed if we listed the denominator as the entire panel. The 2013 guideline on treatment of stage IV lung cancer would still have met zero NAM standards, and the 2016 guideline on antithrombotic treatment for venous thromboembolism would have met one standard. Despite these concerns, we appreciate the diligence with which CHEST approaches guideline development, and we commend the CHEST Guidelines Oversight Committee for its commitment to minimizing financial conflicts of interest in guidelines. Among the numerous financial conflicts of interest policies we reviewed, we found the CHEST policy to be complete, easy to access, and most in line with NAM standards.


In this letter, we present the first flexible strain sensor based on pentacene semiconductors, employing a transistor-like Wheatstone bridge configuration, where the ON/OFF state of the sensor is controlled by the bottom gate bias. The sensor was characterized with bending at 0deg, 45deg, and 90deg with respect to the bridge bias direction for different strains of 1deg/infin, 1.25deg/infin, 1.67deg/infin, and 2.5deg/infin. The sensitivity values at the ON state for the 0deg, 45deg, and 90deg bending exhibit 1.6, 7.2, and 4.1 nA/deg/infin, respectively, revealing the highest sensitivity for the diagonal (45deg) direction. It is expected that this field-controllable strain sensor leads to a reduced circuit complexity and a reduced cost when embedded into a large-area sensor array system by eliminating the need for additional switching devices.


Contemporary universities services quality level concerns mainly the education efficiency evaluation that results from the learning outcomes realization and innovative features of the teaching programs that differ universities offers. Technical universities attention is focused on ministerial requirements fulfillment which are strictly concentrated on the students skills obtaining in the relation to the employers' market. The university services quality analysis ignores common expectations of students and candidates for students related to the technical or functional quality, such as university facilities and administrative workers empathy. The aim of this study is to identify the expectations of both students and candidates for studies at technical universities, what allows to identify university services quality level and areas needs improvement in terms of not only the educational services but also technical university facilities. Results show significant importance of the all examined service quality aspects in the context of expectations of candidates and students' perception. Research findings allow not only to identify the technical university services quality, but also to support the university development within the scientific research process assistance.


To aim at the problem of never thinking about opposability in air threat assessment,A method of air threat assessment based on oppose effect are gave.At first,the method built on air defense service oppose model according to random service theory,then extracted breach probability to threat factor.At the same time improved invariable weight aggregate,changed the weight value according to the factors configuration.This method would make the threat assessment result more reasonable,strengthening support for the battle decision.


In the embedded system, external device interface that operates serial protocol with lower speed than the general computers is used commonly. This paper describes I2C bus protocol that is a bi-directional serial bus with a two-pin interface. The I2C bus requires a minimum amount of hardware to relay status and reliability information concerning the processor subsystem to an external device.


The increasing number of cyclists, and the introduction of new infrastructure has created new ways for cyclists and other road users to interact, which may impact road safety. Consequently, our aim was to contribute to a better understanding of accidents involving cyclists through an in-depth, pre-accident analysis based on an activity-centred approach. Various pre-accident situations, judged as risky by twenty cyclists, were collected and classified as a function of their relative frequency of occurrence. The analysis found that a third of these situations involved interactions with pedestrians or other obstacles. Then, the most frequent situations are related to: (a) interactions with motorists either entering or leaving a parking space; (b) motorists who stepped in front of a cyclist when turning right; (c) cars entering the road from the right at an intersection, and (d) motorists squeezing cyclists off the road when overtaking. An analysis of situations where cyclists' visibility was impaired found similar results except for situations (c) and (d) where cyclists' visibility was very rarely engaged, and which both appeared to be associated to deliberate motorist behaviours. These findings point out the most frequent pre-accident situations reported by cyclists, and highlight the need for their better integration, as a new type of road user, in urban areas.


In this paper we have carried out molecular dynamics simulations (MD) for model systems of liquid n-alkane oligomers () at high temperatures (~2300 K) in a canonical ensemble to calculate viscosity , self-diffusion constants D, and monomeric friction constant . We found that the long chains of these n-alkanes at high temperatures show an abnormality in density and in monomeric friction constant. The behavior of both activation energies, and , and the mass and temperature dependence of , D, and are discussed.


Unlike the significant projects undertaken by researchers or staff the undergraduate design task tends to be short in term and often "poorly" formulated, especially from a predictive perspective. The students are advised to seek first hand experiences relevant to the brief set and may wish to exhibit both the "research" work and the outcome. However, the time normally necessary to seek ethical approval may not be available. This workshop is intended to provide an opportunity for those attending to share experiences, best practice and, of course, the pitfalls to be avoided.


The sensitivity method is applied for bearings stiffness parameter estimation of an experimental rotor system. For model updating, critical shaft speeds are used. The reliability of the sensitivity method is tested on a simple example. The results show that this method can be successfully applied to adjust the finite element model to the experimental data.


A generalization of the circular ŝ-α local magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium model to finite aspect ratio (A), elongation (κ), and triangularity (δ) has been added to a gyrokinetic stability code and our gyrofluid nonlinear ballooning mode code for ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence. This allows systematic studies of stability and transport for shaped flux surfaces with the same minor midplane radius label (r), plasma gradients, q, ŝ, and α while varying A, κ, and δ. It is shown that the (linear, nonlinear, and sheared) E×B terms in the equation of motion are unchanged from a circle at radius r with an effective field Bunit=B0ρdρ/rdr, where χ=B0ρ2/2 is the toroidal flux, r is the flux surface label, and B0 is the magnetic axis field. This leads to a "natural gyroBohm diffusivity" χnatural, which at moderate q=2 to 3 is weakly dependent on shape (κ) at fixed Bunit. Since Bunit/B0∝κ and 〈|∇r|2〉≈(1+κ2)/(2κ2), the label independent χITER=χnatural/〈|∇r|2〉 at fixed B0 scales as 2/(1+κ2) with much wea...


In one converter with voltage intermediate circuit, which operates at a mains system input inductor in boost converter mode or has other input side inductors, there is a risk that develop in association with motors discharge capacitances system oscillations. Now, if the motor has an amplitude-frequency response with a pronounced resonance frequency in the range of such system oscillations, so there is a risk that the motor star point (S) higher voltages occur as to the motor phases (U, V, W). Eintransformierung by an impedance (Z), in particular excited asymmetrically with respect to ground at the input of the motor, for controlling through to the motor phases (U, V, W) system oscillations (f¶sys¶) of the converter (L¶K¶, UR, LT , M) induced in the phase windings capacitive leakage to ground potential is the prevented by the present invention.


Doisynolic acids (DAs), such as (±)-Z-bisdehydrodoisynolic acid [(±)-Z-BDDA], are a group of synthetically produced compounds with structural similarity to 17β-estradiol (E2), which exhibit significant estrogenic activity. They regulate estrogen receptor-α and -β (ERα/β) reporter gene activation, as well mediate significant uterotropic effects in vivo. Despite these estrogen-specific effects, (±)-Z-BDDA and related compounds exhibit low ER binding activity in vitro. This may reflect changes in chemical structure or cellular environment necessary for optimum binding of DAs. are possible explanations for the binding/activity paradox. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen, provide estrogenic activity without undesired adverse effects of E2. The strong SERM activity and limited side effects of (±)-Z-BDDA make it an ideal alternative to hormone replacement therapy. Recent investigation of (±)-Z-BDDA has revealed a marked protection against obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms involved in attenuation of these degenerative diseases are not fully elucidated but may relate to the compounds significant estrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. This review summarizes some of the proposed mechanisms for different therapeutic applications of DAs, including obesity and diabetes, as well as some patents on (±)- Z-BDDA protection against prostate cancer.


Introduction/Background The Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic education are a long, laborious process, requiring many years of supervised, directed, hands-on training and the traditional surgical education has consisted of a mixture of didactic lessons with periodic clinical and surgical apprenticeship based experience. In recent years, shifting paradigms in training have dramatically changed this traditional apprenticeship model of medical education. In order to increase patient safety and improve treatment outcomes, several strategies such as problem based learning and objective structured clinical examination have promoted the development of new curriculums in surgical education. 1,2,,3,4,5 The surgical simulation, in this context, can help address shortcomings in the traditional apprenticeship training model by providing residents with opportunities to practice important procedures that they may not otherwise encounter and practice procedures efficiently until competency is achieved and mainly without exposing live patients to undue risk.6 From these principles, the main purpose of this study is to present the virtual associated with realistic simulation in spine surgery. For the virtual simulation we created 3D videos that reproduce some spinal surgical approaches; for physical simulation we created a lumbar spine model, as similar as possible to the patient's anatomy. Methods The 3D videos were developed by a graphic designer in partnership with Neurosurgeons and Orthopaedists team.The computerized program used was 3DS Max. They were based on reproduction of tridimensional anatomy of the lumbar spine and also some pathologies and their surgical approaches.The modules available were: pedicle screw placement, lumbar microdiscetomy and spinal stenosis surgery. This virtual model doesn't allow the interaction with the trainee, however its goal was to stimulate the ability to mentally manipulate objects in three dimensions, recreating the intraoperative scenario, essential to the practice of these surgeries. The real simulator was built with a synthetic thermo-retractile and thermo-sensible rubber which, when combined with different polymers, produces more than 30 different formulas. These formulas present textures, consistencies and mechanical resistance similar to many human tissues. It was possible to perform computerized tomography images due to the radiopacity of this simulator and to compare the pre and post operative images. The authors present a training model to practice the mental tridimensional reconstruction of each surgical approach through videos visualization and with the realistic model was possible to practice the pedicle screw placement, the lumbar stenosis correction and the lumbar microdiscectomy. There were many possibilities to training: the skin incision; the subcutaneous and subperiostal dissection; the muscular, open laminectomy and discectomy and pedicles screws placement. The presence of the spinal cord and dura mater filled with saline solution representing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),can simulate some interesting situations as CSF leak, with the possibility to solve the problem. Fifteen experienced surgeons (spine experts) evaluated these models and responded to the questionnaire if the simulation can have a beneficial education tool. The proportion of the answers to a question were estimated by the confidence intervals. Results: Conclusion The experts concluded that this virtual simulation provides a highly effective way to work with 3D data and it significantly enhances teaching of surgical anatomy and operative strategies in the neurosurgical and orthopaedic fields. Furthermore, the spine realistic simulator promotes a safer environment for the development of surgical skills and constitutes a valid, reliable and feasible tool for surgical training. The combination of these virtual and realistic tools have the potential to improve /abbreviate the non-experienced learning curve. References 1. Dunnington G, Reisner L, Witzke D, Fulginiti J: Structured single-observer Methods of evaluation for the assessment of ward performance on the surgical clerkship. Am J Surg 159:423-426, 1990. 2. Ferenchick G, Simpson D, Blackman J, DaRosa D, Dunnington G: Strategies for efficient and effective teaching in the ambulatory care setting. Acad Med 72:277-280, 1997. 3. McGregor DB, Arcomano TR, Bjerke HS, Little AG: Problem orientation is a new approach to surgical education. Am J Surg 170:656-658, 1995. 4. Sloan DA, Donnelly MB, Johnson SB, Schwartz RW, Strodel WE: Use of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to measure improvement in clinical competence during the surgical internship. Surgery 114:343-350, 1993. 5. Sloan DA, Donnelly MB, Schwartz RW, Strodel WE: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination. The new gold standard for evaluating postgraduate clinical performance. Ann Surg 222:735-742, 1995. 6. Karam, Kho JY, Yehyawi TM, Ohrt GT, Thomas GW, Jonard B, Anderson DD, Marsh JL. Application of surgical skill simulation training and assessment in orthopaedic trauma. Iowa Orthop J. 2012;32:76-82. Disclosures None.


|Topological refractions created by valley sonic crystals (VSCs) have attracted great attentions in the communities of physics and engineering owing to the advantage of zero re(cid:13)ection of sound and the potential for designing advanced acoustic devices. In previous works, topological refractions of valley edge states are demonstrated to be determined by the projections of the valleys K and K ′ , and two types of topological refractions generally exist at opposite terminals or different frequency bands. However, the realization of tunable topological refractions at the (cid:12)xed frequency band and terminal still poses great challenge. To overcome this, we report the realization of tunable topological refractions by VSCs with triple valley Hall phase transitions. By simply rotating rods, we realize 3 types of topological waveguides (T1, T2, and T3) composed of two VSCs, in which the projections of the observed valley edge states can be modulated between K and K ′ . Additionally, based on the measured transmittance spectra, we experimentally demonstrate that these valley edge states are almost immune to backscattering against sharp bends. More importantly, we realize tunable topological refractions at the (cid:12)xed frequency band and terminal, and experimentally observe the coexistence of positive and negative refractions for T1 and T3, and negative refractions for T2. The proposed tunable topological refractions have potential applications in designing multi-functional sound antennas and advanced communication devices.


The notion of -closed sets in a topological space introduced by R. Devi and A. selvakumar [2]. In this paper, we introduce the concept of -US spaces by utilizing -open sets and study the basic properties of this space.


Relationships between tissue residue concentrations of copper and growth responses in early life stage rainbow trout exposed to copper in water were examined by analyzing data collected from a 60-day chronic toxicity test. Growth, as measured by increased weight and length, was best predicted by a multiple regression model that included copper tissue residue concentration and exposure duration. The model which performed best for predicting growth response was: log(W) = 4.799 + 0.028-T {minus} 0.038 Cu, where W is weight (mg), T is duration (days), and Cu is whole-body residue concentration ({micro}g/g, dry weight). All estimated coefficients were significant (p < 0.001) and the multiple R{sup 2} was 0.94. The results demonstrate that knowledge of tissue residue concentrations of copper and exposure duration can be useful variables for predicting reduced growth and comparing growth responses in fish populations exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of copper in water.


MCM-48 and SBA-1 samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption in a wide range of relative pressures. X-ray diffraction provided direct evidence for the high degree of pore structure ordering for the materials under study. Nitrogen adsorption showed that highly ordered MCM-48 materials exhibited sharp steps of capillary condensation and narrow pore size distributions, whereas capillary condensation steps for highly ordered SBA-1 samples were broad, which may be related to a cage-like pore structure of these materials. Surface properties of MCM-48 and SBA-1 with respect to nitrogen molecules were found to be similar to those of macroporous silica gels and thus close to those of MCM-41. High values of the surface area and mesopore volume for MCM-48 silicas indicate that both of the enantiomeric channel systems separated by the silica wall in the structure are fully accessible for nitrogen molecules. Moreover, the absence of detectable microporosity indicates that there ar...


Analysis the present situation about the appraisal of radar antijamming,point out the appraises plan and the ap- praisal criterion of radar antijamming ability,and take the synthetic aperture radar as the example to use the power cri- rerion and the simulation law union method to carry on the analysis and the computer simulation.


We present a content-based caching architecture for scalable MMT video delivery. Our architecture places a caching proxy in the path between an MMT server and its clients. Between an MMT server and a caching proxy, we exploit the popular HTTP protocol to reliably synchronize the video contents by their fragments while the caching proxy delivers the MMT asset to the clients via the standard MMTP protocol. This split architecture not only allows distributing the load on theMMT server but also supports MMT clients without any modification on the MMTP protocol. Furthermore, our architecture supports content-based caching with little run-time overhead, eliminating any redundant network transfers.


The article presents the results of experiments to determine the structural aggregate of the composition of the soil, fields of cotton prepared for sowing, as well as the design of a cotton seeder equipped with a soil cultivator, for strip soil cultivation of the seed zone. The technical solution to the problem allows strip loosening of the soil in the zone of occurrence of seeds and provides simultaneous sowing of seeds at a given depth, increases the technological stability and efficiency of the cotton seeder.


As health care services get more competitive, health care practitioners and academic researchers are increasingly interested in exploring how patients perceive quality before building up their satisfaction levels and generating behavioural intentions. Hospitals today are increasingly realizing the need to focus on service quality as a measure to improve their competitive position. Customer based determinants and perceptions of service quality therefore play an important role when choosing a hospital. In this article we examine and measure the quality of services and its outcomes (patient's satisfaction and behavioural intentions) provided by private hospitals in Bhopal city of central India. The study resulted in the development of a comprehensive scale for measuring service quality, patient satisfaction and behavioural intentions in the health care scenario. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the proposed relationships. The results establish the direct influence of service quality on behavioural intentions, and the mediating role of customer satisfaction on influencing behavioural intentions. Service quality and patient satisfaction are found to be strong drivers of behavioural intentions in the context of health care services in India. This study analyzes the suitability of service quality to improve customer satisfaction and in the process positively impacts behavioural intentions in the health care setting.


In this thesis, we looked at strategies for the trading agents in wholesale market for energy. The main focus was on strategies for the Periodic Double Auction, but we also looked at the Continous Double Auction. We adapted several existing strategies and added a few new ones. We performed several experiments with purpose of finding out the strengths and weaknesses under different scenarios.


This brief presents the design of a band-tunable 60-GHz CMOS power amplifier using 65-nm standard CMOS technology. To achieve high gain and PAE over the whole 7-GHz frequency band, this amplifier utilizes a differential band switching circuit to tune the center frequency to the channel in use, whereas high-Q transformer matching and deep-neutralized differential pairs are employed to achieve high gain and PAE in a narrow bandwidth. The amplifier achieves saturated output power of 12.3 dBm and peak PAE of 20.4% with a 1-V supply and a 63-mA current. The peak gain is 17.1 dB at 59 GHz and 16.2 dB at 53.5 GHz for the two different frequency bands, respectively.


The impact on yield loss due to systematic defect which remains after Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) modeling has increased, and achieving an acceptable yield has become more difficult in the leading technology beyond 20 nm node production. Furthermore Process-Window has become narrow because of the complexity of IC design and less process margin. In the past, the systematic defects have been inspected by human-eyes. However the judgment by human-eyes is sometime unstable and not accurate. Moreover an enormous amount of time and labor will have to be expended on the one-by-one judgment for several thousands of hot-spot defects. In order to overcome these difficulties and improve the yield and manufacturability, the automated system, which can quantify the shape difference with high accuracy and speed, is needed. Inspection points could be increased for getting higher yield, if the automated system achieves our goal. Defect Window Analysis (DWA) system by using high-precision-contour extraction from SEM image on real silicon and quantifying method which can calculate the difference between defect pattern and non-defect pattern automatically, which was developed by Hitachi High-Technologies, has been applied to the defect judgment instead of the judgment by human-eyes. The DWA result which describes process behavior might be feedback to design or OPC or mask. This new methodology and evaluation results will be presented in detail in this paper.


In both David Copperfield and Great Expectations, Charles Dickens provides social commentary through the exploitation and understanding of social conventions. Two coming-of age novels differ drastically in their representations of Victorian society and what it means to find happiness within it. When Dickens published David Copperfield in 1850, he chose to reward his protagonist with happiness in both his career and family. Moral character, the ability to demonstrate right from wrong, became the determining factor of success for those in David's life. Dickens evokes a darker tone in Great Expectations, creating a reality where happiness is a complex issue.


Much of the research that has been carried out into outsourcing is based on relatively successful case studies. Yet drawing inferences from case studies when those with largely negative outcomes rarely see the light of day represents a significant problem. When negative cases are systematically unrepresented, there is less opportunity to subject theory to scrutiny. This chapter goes some way towards redressing this trend, by reporting on a large scale "selective" outsourcing arrangement that has been publicly described as a failure — the Australian Federal Government's "whole of government" IT infrastructure outsourcing initiative. This initiative, originally promoted as likely to lead to a billion dollar saving, was abandoned early in 2001, after a damning public report by the Australian Auditor General. However, a detailed study of the initiative suggests that the "failure" occurred despite the project adhering to many of the recommended guidelines for successful outsourcing that had been derived from earlier case analysis. The findings have important implications for decision makers confronted with outsourcing choices. The study suggests that the risks of outsourcing are often downplayed, or ignored in the rush to reap the expected benefits. The study also suggests that expectations of savings from outsourcing IT are often substantially higher than those that have been empirically confirmed in the field. Decision makers are advised that key assumptions about costs, savings, managerial effort, and the effects of outsourcing on operational performance might be incorrect, and to plan for their outsourcing activity accordingly. They should pay particular attention to coordination and transaction costs, as these tend to be overlooked in the business case. These costs will be magnified if "best in breed" multiple-vendor outsourcing is chosen, and if contracts are kept short. Decision-makers are also warned of the difficulties they are likely to have at the end of an outsourcing contract if there is not a large and robust pool of alternative vendors willing to bid against the incumbent.


We show that various models of the elliptic Calogero–Moser systems are accompanied with an isomonodromic system on a torus. The isomonodromic partner is a nonautonomous Hamiltonian system defined by the same Hamiltonian. The role of the time variable is played by the modulus of the base torus. A suitably chosen Lax pair (with an elliptic spectral parameter) of the elliptic Calogero–Moser system turns out to give a Lax representation of the nonautonomous system as well. This Lax representation ensures that the nonautonomous system describes isomonodromic deformations of a linear ordinary differential equation on the torus on which the spectral parameter of the Lax pair is defined. A particularly interesting example is the "extended twisted BCl model" recently introduced along with some other models by Bordner and Sasaki, who remarked that this system is equivalent to Inozemtsev's generalized elliptic Calogero–Moser system. We use the "root-type" Lax pair developed by Bordner et al. to formulate the associa...


A molecular dynamics model is developed to investigate the pure vibrational dephasing of in solvent at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 100 K. The triiodide ion is described by a valence bond model which responds to the field of the classical solvent molecules. We find that the pure dephasing rate does not change much with temperature. This result can then be interpreted in terms of of Kubo lineshape theory.


Inaccurate operation and management of irrigation canals often cause inequitable and inefficient water distribution. The adjustment of hydraulic structures along irrigation canals causes unsteady flow in the canals at the initiation of revised operation till it attains a new steady state. Unsteady flow in open channels can be classified into two types: routing and operation-type problems. In the routing problems, The Saint Venant equations are solved to get the discharge and water level in the future time series. Also, they are used in the operation problem to compute the inflow at the upstream section of the channel according to the prescribed downstream flow hydrographs. This type of problem is known as the inverse computation of open channel flow and can be used to compute a schedule of operation for regulating structures of the delivery system to get a predefined water demand at the downstream end of the channel. An inverse implicit finite difference scheme is presented herein based on the Preissmann scheme. The computation proceeds from the final time level towards the first time level. The computation results obtained using the inverse implicit scheme showed more stability and less oscillation than that obtained using the backward explicit scheme. The computed upstream discharge hydrograph, when used as upstream boundary condition in the implicit routing scheme, produced downstream discharge hydrograph very close to the required demand hydrograph.


Summary The effect on heat stability as measured by coagulation time, of storing separated milk at 20, 4 and −20 °C has been examined. Milk with a good coagulation (initial clots large) could be stored for at least 30 h at 20 °C, 1 week at 4 °C and 1 month at −20 °C with no significant change in coagulation time. With milks giving a poor coagulation (initial clots small), a common occurrence during storage at 20 °C was a marked progressive increase in coagulation time; the rate of increase was reduced by storage at 4 °C. The increase in coagulation time of these labile milks, which are usually obtained from cows with subclinical mastitis, may occur to the same extent in darkness as in light, may be enhanced by exposure to light or may occur only when the milk is exposed to light. From these results, together with others reported by Davies & White (1966) and White & Davies (1966) it is concluded that, in studying heat stability, milks giving a good coagulation should be regarded as in a different class from milks giving a poor coagulation.


Differential-form formalism appears to be an ideal tool for electromagnetic analysis because it allows one to express the basic electromagnetic laws in a most compact and elegant form. In fact, the Maxwell equations for the two electromagnetic two-forms are represented by two differential equations of first-order in the simplest possible form. Connection between the two-forms in a homogeneous and time-invariant linear medium is given by a simple algebraic equation. However, constructing the wave equation for a single electromagnetic two-form through elimination appears to be cumbersome and such an equation corresponding to the general bianisotropic medium could not be found in the literature. The present paper gives one possibility for its derivation based on operations in multivector and dyadic algebra. Two special media are considered in more detail leading to wave equations with scalar second-order and factorized fourth-order operators.


Series Introduction Acknowledgements Acronyms Tables 1. Global Governance in Question 2. Common Sense Assumptions: Toward an Historical Materialist Critique of Global Governance 3. Global Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility 4. Global Governance and Transnational Debt 5. Global Governance and Development Aid 6. Beyond the Common Sense of Global Governance: New Research and Political Directions References Index


The surface aldehyde assembled polystyrene microspheres (PS-CHO) were synthesized via the copolymerization of styrene and acrolein and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Some characteristic parameters, such as specific surface area, pore diameter distribution and zeta potential, were also determined. The content of aldehyde groups in the PS-CHO microspheres was inferred through potentiometric titration. Adsorption of uranium(VI) from an aqueous solution was investigated in a series of variable experiments. Effect of pH value, ionic strength, adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature on uranium(VI) adsorption were also discussed. Results showed that the optimum condition was the temperature of 313 K, 0.4 g L–1 of adsorbent dosage, pH value of 6.0 for 20 mg L–1 of uranium(VI) concentration. The maximum removal efficiency of uranium(VI) ions was 92.13%. Kinetic studies certified the pseudo-second-order was the best-suited model and the fitting linear plot of the intraparticle diffusion model did not pass the origin, indicating that chemical sorption was the rate-determining step of the adsorption mechanism rather than mass transfer. Also, the Elovich equation was consistent with the experimental data, meaning chemical interactions between microspheres and adsorbates. The adsorption capacity at the equilibrium of PS-CHO microspheres was estimated to be 46.07 mg g–1 at 313 K. Furthermore, about 96% of adsorbed uranium(VI) could be recovered by laconic perchloric acid treatment, suggesting the stability and reusability of PS-CHO microspheres.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Cerebrolysin injection on the acute idiopathic facial paralysis.Methods Seventy-two patients with acute idiopathic facial paralysis were randomly assigned to Cerebrolysin injection(n=36) and control groups(n=36).Patients in Cerebrolysin injection group received cerebrolysin 20 ml per day for ten consecutive days.Both Cerebrolysin and control groups received prednisone,vitamin B and Adenosine Disodiu.House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system was used to evaluate the outcomes at 4 weeks and 3 months after Cerebrolysin administration.Results Complete recover rate(61.1% vs.33.3% and 75% vs.44.4%)and the overall effective rate(80.5% vs.50% and 94.4% vs.72.2%) were significantly higher in Cerebrolysin group than in control group at either 4 weeks or 3 months after treatment.The difference between Cerebrolysin group and control group was statistically significant.The overall effective rate for grade Ⅴand Ⅵ of House-Brackmann were significantly higher in Cerebrolysin group than in control group(82.4% vs 44.4%)(P=0.035).Conclusions Cerebrolysin is more effective than conventional treatment in treating acute idiopathic facial paralysis.


To resolve the problems that the local motions reduce the global motion estimation accuracy and traditional Gary Projection Algorithm could not deal with rotation motion, a real-time electronic image stabilization motion estimation method based on Fast Sub-block Gray Projection Algorithm is proposed. In the method, each image is divided into a number of sub-blocks, and sub-blocks are sifted according to their gray contrasts. By removing sub-blocks whose gray contrasts are lower than the threshold, the calculation amount of gray projection is reduced and the motion estimation accuracy is improved. Then gray projections are done in each sub-block remained to get local motion vectors. Global motion vector of the current image is calculated on the basis of local motion vectors of sub-blocks and the Affine Motion Model. The experiments results show that the algorithm is more accurate and efficient than the traditional Gray Projection Algorithm. Keyword: Video Stabilization, Motion Estimation, Gray Projection Algorithm, Gray Contrast


This paper study on the method for detection of ship targets form visual images. To deal with the problem such as black and white polar, disturbance of sea spray, a target segmentation method based on feature field is presented. This method is to transform the original gray image, in which target segmentation is difficult, into an improved image in feature field, thus segmentation will be easier. This paper also presents the experiment results to illustrate the merits of this method.


Various 2-imidazolines were prepared in high yields by reacting aldehydes and ethylenediamines with 1,3-diiodo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Moreover, chiral l,3-bis(imidazolin-2'-yl)benzene and 2,6-bis(imidazolin-2'-yl)-pyridines, which function as a chiral ligand, could be directly obtained from corresponding dialdehydes in high yields.


ABSTF~CT. Let T be a bi-valued game tree with probability p that a given leaf has been labeled with a i and probability l-p that it has been labeled with a 0. If A is an algorithm for solving T, then let V(A) denote the cost of solving T when using A. The cost V(A) will depend upon the value of p so that we may regard V(A) as a function of p. For straight algorithms A we develop a method for computing the function V(A) as a polynomial in p. The polynomial representation of V(A) is then used in the study of even Fibonacci trees.


Abstract : The temperature dependence of the rate constants of a number of elementary energy transfer, chemical and chemiluminescent reactions was measured using a combined discharge-flow/shocktube technique. In addition, the method itself was developed to provide a low temperature (to 100 K) capability. The reactions studied were: The collisional deactivation of O2(b prime sigma g) and O2(a prime delta g) by N2 and H2; the reactions of atomic nitrogen and oxygen with air (Lewis Rayleigh and Air Afterglows); and the quenching of O2(a prime sigma g) by O2 itself. The emissivity of the dimol transition of O2(a prime sigma g) was also measured.


In this paper,weave characteristics of household jacquard fabric are introduced.This text has expounded the possibility to create product of different style by well combination of pattern and raw material in designing fabric weaves with practical examples given.


In order to study different carbon fiber contents and it's influences on mechanical properties of concrete, ANSYS materials composites were synthesized to carry out numerical simulation. Here are the results of numerical analysis: The addition of carbon fiber composite can greatly improve the compressive strength of concrete. Among them, the mechanical properties of concrete with 1% carbon fiber content and 2% carbon fiber content are basically the same, but there is no clear improvement in flexural performance. Therefore, the enhancement of mechanical properties of concrete by fiber is closely related to its content. The study of the change between them can effectively reduce the loss of fiber, but also conducive to the promotion of fiber reinforced concrete. Keywords— Composite Material Model, Fiber Content, Concrete, Compressive and Flexural.


Stress-optical constants (q11 - q12), (q11 - q13) and q44 of mixed alum [(NH4) 1 - xKxAl(SO4)2.12H2O] crystals have been determined employing a modified form of Filon's spectrometer method in the wavelength range 4800-6200 A. Corresponding strain-optical constants (P11--P12), (P11--P13) and P44 are derived from these using elastic constant data. It is observed that at a given wavelength all the constants vary regularly, though nonlinearly, with the composition of crystals. The deviation from linearity is found to be largest around equimolar concentrations.


Hospitality businesses are first and foremost places of social interaction. This paper argues for an inclusion of network methodology into the tool kit of hospitality researchers. This methodology focuses on the interaction of people rather than applying an actor-focused view, which currently seems dominant in hospitality research. Outside the field, a solid research basis has been formed, upon which hospitality researchers can build. The paper introduces the foundations of network theory and its applicability to the study of organizations. A brief methodological introduction is provided and potential applications and research topics relevant to the hospitality field are suggested.


Robust optimization is concerned with finding an optimal solution that is insensitive to uncertainties and has been widely used in solving real-world optimization problems. However, most robust optimization methods suffer from high computational costs and poor convergence. To alleviate the above problems, an improved robust optimization algorithm is proposed. First, to reduce the computational cost, the second-order Taylor series surrogate model is used to approximate the robustness indices. Second, to strengthen the convergence, the state transition algorithm is studied to explore the whole search space for candidate solutions, while sequential quadratic programming is adopted to exploit the local area. Third, to balance the robustness and optimality of candidate solutions, a preference-based selection mechanism is investigated which effectively determines the promising solution. The proposed robust optimization method is applied to obtain the optimal solutions of seven examples that are subject to decision variables and parameter uncertainties. Comparative studies with other robust optimization algorithms (robust genetic algorithm, Kriging metamodel-assisted robust optimization method, etc.) show that the proposed method can obtain accurate and robust solutions with less computational cost.


Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare but devastating disease, which usually occurs in immunosuppressed patients. Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for this disease. The most common distant infection in patients with K. pneumoniae-induced endogenous endophthalmitis was reported to be liver abscess. Other less commons distant infections were found to be catheter-related bloodstream infection, urinary tract infection, soft tissue infection, renal and psoas abscesses, and endocarditis. Patients with coexisting multiple infection sites are rare according to previous studies. These patients may have a high risk of sepsis and death. Here, we present a case of a 64-year-old male who presented with a progressive visual disturbance with general malaise. A K. pneumoniae-induced endogenous endophthalmitis was suspected. After surveying distant infection sites, pneumonia, liver abscess, and urinary tract infection were reported. This paper also describes the clinical features of endogenous endophthalmitis and highlights K. pneumoniae-induced multiple infections in a diabetes mellitus patient, thus providing information that will be useful for physicians to perform timely interventions and avoid sepsis.


Prior to 2008, the pharmacy practice model utilized by the University of North Carolina (UNC) Medical Center was a traditional central pharmacist and clinical specialist model. The department of pharmacy implemented a unique and innovative pharmacy practice model in 2008 organized around medical services. Through this medical service‐based model, all patients are now covered by a pharmacist. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sustainability of the improvements associated with the medical service‐based pharmacy practice model at UNC Medical Center, which included pharmacist turnover, employee satisfaction and workforce engagement, resident and student involvement in patient care, and inpatient drug costs.


The soil properties most likely to influence species composition in lowland tropical rain forests are, in decreasing order of importance: P availability, Al toxicity, drainage, water-holding capacity, and availability of K, Ca, and Mg. A total of 18 studies were located in which species occurrence was studied in relation to such soil properties. Several of these report clear trends with soil physical properties, mainly drainage as affected by topographic position. Only three offer evidence for correlations with soil chemical properties. In all three, the study area spanned soils of very widely differing age and thus soil fertility. Failure to find correlations with chemical properties may be due to: lack of range in soil fertility across the sites studied, failure of soil test methods to measure availability of nutrients to plants, or temporal and spatial variability in soil properties. Existing soil classification systems do not provide enough information on any particular soil to help establish relation...


In the article,the stress strength model with stress being GBVE distributed and strength being exponentially distributed is considered.For the cases with unknown stress parameters and unknown strength parameter, estimation of parallel connection structural reliability for the model are proposed,their properties are discussed respectively.


Unsteady forced convection heat transfer of a stationary and rotating sphere in an open-loop air system was experimentally investigated with an aim to evaluate the influence of sphere rotation rate on the heat transfer enhancement. A special-purpose conical diffuser having a circular cross-section with constant divergence angle has been carefully designed and adopted as a passive rotating technique. The effect of inlet Re number, non-dimensional rotational speed, and initial surface temperature on heat transfer enhancement are examined. It is observed from the comparison made that there are significant differences between the stationary and rotating sphere of heat transfer behavior. The experimental results of heat transfer behavior in terms of heat flux q and Nusselt number Nu, respectively, expose that q decreases with increase of non-dimensional rotational speed, while Nu increases with the increase of non-dimensional rotational speed around 600%.