The crystals of the cluster [L1 8 Ti 10 F 36 O 4 (C 5 Me 5 ) 4 (thf) 8 ] 3 were isolated as the product of hydrolysis of [{(C 5 Me 5 )TiF 3 ) 4 (LiF) 2 (thf) 2 ] 2. The metal atoms in the cluster are six-coordinate (Ti and Li), or four-coordinate (Li). The oxido ligands form unsymmetrical oxido bridges Ti=O-Ti with a double-bond character. The mechanism of the cluster formation is proposed.


By current environmental standards, the Innisfil landfill would not have been approved. It was placed in worked-out sand pits, within 30 m of a headwater tributary of Lovers Creek, a high-quality, cold water stream. A leachate plume from the closed landfill radiates outward towards a wetland that provides baseflow to the on-site tributary stream. Development of a leachate management system involved three phases of activity: (a) land acquisition for leachate attenuation, landfill contouring to minimize infiltration and installation of a trench collection system; (b) leachate characterization and installation of a pumping well collection system; and (c) design and implementation of an in situ effluent disposal system that utilized the natural attenuation capacity of the site. The disposal system involves the direction of effluent to two on-site infiltration basins located to achieve contaminant attenuation both in the groundwater regime and in the headwater discharge area. Monitoring for over five years has demonstrated effective on-site management using natural attenuation with no need for costly off-site leachate treatment and disposal.


From the Publisher:
Visual J++ 1.1 Unleashed, Second Edition will be a comprehensive reference in the best-selling Unleashed format. It will address real world issues and will spotlight real world examples. The book will focus on the numerous uses for Visual J++, as well as on specific types of Java application development. The Java programmer will take his programming proficiency to a higher level this book.
Visual J++ is Microsoft s graphical development environment that uses the Java programming language. It uses the popular C++ and Visual Basic development environments; Visual J++ is therefore a natural Java development tool for C++ and Visual Basic programmers.
Version 1.1 adds better event handling and Java Beans, which are both covered heavily in this revision.


4062Background: Pembro has shown promising antitumor activity in patients (pts) with pretreated G/GEJ cancer. KEYNOTE-061 (NCT02370498) was a global phase 3 study of pembro vs PTX for previously tr...


Abstract Free chlorpropham (CIPC) and its metabolites (4-hydroxy CIPC, 3-chloroani-line and 3-chloroacetanilide) were separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (H.P.L.C.) using an isocratic procedure. The separation was used to quantify the metabolism of CIPC in rat hepatocyte incubations. The free metabolites were diethylether-extracted at pH 7.4. The sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of 4(OH)CIPC were enzymatically split and the aglycone determined by HPLC. Beside the unmetabolized CIPC which accounts for 33% of the dose, 4(OH)CIPC as the sulfoconjugate and glucuroconjugate represents 35% and 20% respectively, while free 4(OH)CIPC accounts for only 3%. About 10% of the CIPC is hydrolytically split yielding 3-chloroaniline (2%) which further transformed into 3-chloroacetanilide (5%). In spite of the great sensitivity of the proposed method (0.2 μg/ml incubation medium) no other metabolites were recorded. This extraction and separation procedure could be applicable to future metab...


Liza parsia were exposed to 0.05 and 0.1 ppm HgClz for 15 days. The treatments resulted in an
initial swelling (hypertrophy) of the tubular lining epithelial cells. Thereafter, in proximal segments, the
tubular epithelium became nectrotic at several places. These necrosed cells contained eosinophilic hyaline
droplets in their cytoplasm. Glomerular capillaries became more permeable and proteinaceous fluid appeared
in many Bowman's capsule. These degenerative changes were more pronounced in the fish maintained at
higher concentration of Hg. The probable interactions of heavy metal pollutant with fish immune system
has also been discussed.


Data from the Gorontalo Regional Police on cases of violence against women in 2015 were 212. While the number of violence against children was even more worrying, namely 423 cases, consisting of 232 sexual crimes against children, 181 physical violence and 41 cases of psychological violence. The purpose of this study was to determine efforts to prevent early marriage that have been carried out by the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Gorontalo District against female violence and to determine the effect of early marriage prevention on the level of violence on women. The location of this research is the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Agency. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The results of this study are the efforts made by the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Agency to prevent early marriage in reducing the level of violence in women, namely through an integrated service center for women and children empowerment, the Task Force Team for Violence against Women and Children, Community-Based Integrated Protection, Socialization, Assistance and Use the Puspaga mobile application.


This paper presents a novel method of stabilizing hybrid models of torque-constrained, underactuated walking robots - without using nonlinear gait optimization - by leveraging properties of the mechanics of the robot. At its core, the controller stabilizes the transfer of angular momentum from one leg to the next through continuous-time control coupled with hybrid system models that capture impacts that occur at foot strike. In particular, conservation of angular momentum at impact allows for computation of the exact transfer of momentum as a function of the robot's step length and vertical center of mass velocity just prior to foot impact. This motivates the construction of continuous-time reference trajectories for the robot's step length and vertical center of mass with endpoints corresponding to a desired transfer of angular momentum. Stabilization to these trajectories results in stable walking, as indicated by numeric Poincaré analysis. The controller is implemented in simulation of a five-link, underactuated 3D robot via Model Predictive Control which provides a means of achieving walking under non-trivial actuation limits.


SUMMARY
The selective forces acting to maintain a copious production of uniformly sized pollen grains in wind-pollinated plants were investigated among species in the genus Plantago and at the population level in P. lanceolata. The species with cleistogamous (closed) flowers produce far less pollen of more variable average diameters than the species with chasmogamous (open) flowers. Pollen grains of P. lanceolata captured by stigmas of female plants were smaller than a general sample of pollen collected from the anthers of perfect plants, indicating that large pollen grains are not as effective as small grains in wind dispersal. The rapid decrease in pollen density on the stigmas of P. lanceolata with increasing distances from the pollen sources suggests that plants of this self-incompatible species must produce great amounts of pollen in order to pollinate nearby plants. The cost of this high pollen production associated with wind pollination can be seen in P. lanceolata in the increased production of reproductive tissue and larger seeds in female plants when compared with normal plants.


Objective:To observe influence of traditional Chinese drug(TCD) for detoxicating and activating blood circulation on expressions of CD40L and interleukin(IL)-8 in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:A total of 50 ACS patients after PCI were randomly divided into routine western medicine treatment group(routine treatment group,n=25) and TCD treatment group(n=25,received TCD treatment for detoxicating and activating blood circulation based on routine treatment).Expression levels of CD40L and IL-8 in serum were measured in the two groups before and after treatment.Results:Compared with routine treatment group,there were significant decrease in expression levels of CD40L [(1.60±0.62) ng/ml vs.(1.35±0.49) ng/ml]and IL-8 [(6.03±0.69) ng/ml vs.(5.33±0.62) ng/ml]in TCD treatment group after treatment,P0.05 both.Clinical efficacy in TCD treatment group was significantly better than that of routine treatment group(total effective rate:92% vs.72%,P0.05).Conclusion:Traditional Chinese drug for detoxification and activating blood circulation can significantly decrease serum expression levels of CD40L and IL-8 in ACS patients after PCI,suggesting it can inhibit inflammatory reactions after PCI and possesses certainly effect.


Objective To summarize the experience in intensive care of multiple physiological functional and biochemical indicators,and intensive therapy of severe brain injury.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 72 patients(45 cases were complicated with multiple wound,and 27 cases were with simple craniocerebral injury)suffered from severe brain injury from 2005 to 2007.All subjects underwent operation and then given mechanical ventilation,circulatory and respiratory monitoring,intensive care and therapy in ICU.Results 46 cases were fully cured;6 cases were with persistent vegetative state(PVS);18 cases ended in death,with 25.0% of mortality rate,in which 6 cases died of ARDS during the early phase,and 12 cases died of pulmonary infection,SIRS and MODS during the intermediate stage.Conclusion It suggests that injured place and organs should be ascertained as soon as possible,and life-threatening injury should be treated in advance.It is important for taking advantage of monitors in ICU and giving intensive care,discovering and retrieving timely vital organ function disorder to reduce the complications and case fatality ratio.


A highly nonlocal optical response in space has been shown to heal several shortcomings of beam self-action in nonlinear optics. At the same time, nonlocality is often connected to limits and constraints in both temporal and spatial domains. We provide a brief and rather subjective review of what we consider the main benefits and some drawbacks of a highly nonlocal response in light localization through nonlinear optics, with several examples related to reorientational soft matter, specifically nematic liquid crystals.


Tracking individual workers across employers and industries after Brazil's trade liberalization in the 1990's shows that foreign import penetration and tariff reductions trigger worker displacements but that neither comparative-advantage industries nor exporters absorb displaced workers for years. There are significantly more displacements and fewer accessions in comparative-advantage industries and at exporters. These findings are robust to instrumenting trade barriers and export status with product demand at Brazil's export destinations and real exchange rate components. Worker effects are important predictors of labor turnover. Trade liberalization is assoicated with significantly more transitions to informal work status and self-employment. Output is reallocated to more productive firms but, given fast labor-productivity growth, this product reallocationi is not accompanied by similar labor reallocation. Copyright Information: All rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Contact the author or original publisher for any necessary permissions. eScholarship is not the copyright owner for deposited works. Learn more at http://www.escholarship.org/help_copyright.html#reuse


: Article discusses effects of catastrophic floods on the rivers in the Altai Mountains. The whole complex of floodplain terraces of the main rivers – the Biya and Katun was formed by insertion of these rivers in the loose deposits, that was formed as the one-act occurrence associated with glacial-dammed lakes – the Prateletskie and Chui-Kuraipaleovo-doema. This conclusion is confirmed by a series of radiocarbon age determinations of sediments and opto-luminescence dating.


This guide is a starting point for all students majoring in or taking classes within the school of Kinesiology & Recreation. You can get research help with all aspects of your projects and research.


Many patients with a visible chronic skin disease experience discrimination and stigmatization. This results in psychosocial impairments in addition to the burden of disease and emphasizes the urgency to implement effective stigma‐reduction strategies. To synthesize what is known globally about effective interventions to reduce stigma associated with visible chronic skin diseases, a systematic review was conducted. Four electronic databases were searched until May 2018. Studies evaluating interventions to reduce stigmatization in patients with visible chronic skin diseases and applying at least one stigma‐related outcome measure were included. Data were extracted on study design, country, study population, outcome measures and main findings. Results were subsequently synthesized in a narrative review. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools were used to assess study quality. Nineteen studies were included in the review. Study design was very heterogeneous and study quality rather poor. Thirteen studies addresses patients with leprosy in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and one study each targeted patients with onychomycosis, leg ulcer, facial disfigurement, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo and alopecia. Evaluated interventions were mainly multi‐faceted incorporating more than one type of intervention. While 10 studies focused on the reduction in self‐stigma and 4 on the reduction in public stigma, another 5 studies aimed at reducing both. The present review revealed a lack of high‐quality studies on effective approaches to reduce stigmatization of patients with visible chronic skin diseases. Development and evaluation of intervention formats to adequately address stigma is essential to promote patients' health and well‐being.


We investigate the resolution property of quasicompact and quasiseparated schemes, or more generally of algebraic stacks with pointwise affine stabilizer groups. Such a space has the resolution property if every quasicoherent sheaf of finite type admits a surjection from a locally free sheaf of finite rank. As our first main result we verify the resolution property for a large class of surfaces in the first part of the present work. Namely, we show that all two-dimensional schemes that are proper over a noetherian ring satisfy the resolution property. This class includes many singular, non-normal, non-reduced and non-quasiprojective surfaces. The case of normal separated algebraic surfaces was settled by Schroer and Vezzosi (Stefan Schroer and Gabriele Vezzosi, Existence of vector bundles and global resolutions for singular surfaces, Compos. Math. 140 (2004), no. 3, 717--728) and we generalize their methods of gluing local resolutions to the non-normal and non-reduced case, using the pinching techniques of Ferrand (Daniel Ferrand, Conducteur, descente et pincement, Bull. Soc. Math. France 131 (2003), no.4, 553--585.) in combination with deformation theory of vector bundles. In the second part of the present work our main result states that for a large class of algebraic stacks the resolution property is equivalent to a stronger form: There exists a single locally free sheaf E such that the collection of sheaves, obtained by taking appropriate locally free subsheaves of direct sums, tensor products and duals of E, is sufficiently large in order to resolve arbitrary quasicoherent sheaves of finite type. Next, we interpret this geometrically: A sheaf has this property if and only if its associated frame bundle has quasiaffine total space. This yields a natural generalization of the concept of ample line bundles on separated schemes to vector bundles of higher rank on arbitrary quasicompact algebraic stacks with affine diagonal. As an immediate consequence of this result we infer a generalization of Totaro's Theorem to non-normal stacks which says that an algebraic stack with affine stabilizer groups has the resolution property if and only if it is a quotient of a quasiaffine scheme by an action of some general linear group (Burt Totaro, The resolution property for schemes and stacks, J. Reine Angew. Math. 577 (2004), 1--22.)


The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) posed a severe threat to this country's heritage. In this respect, on a governmental level, several actions were undertaken in order to safeguard movable property and cultural and artistic immovable property. Over the last years, this issue has been widely addressed from various study perspectives, that allow us to grasp a better knowledge on these actions regarding heritage protection. This article puts the spotlight on the disappearing and partial recovery of the Monastery of Ucles pax, an unique silversmithing piece commissioned by the Order of Santiago. This piece holded a byzantine plaque from the 11th century.


Commonly assessed as arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees) ratio, ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) has independent prognostic value in hypertension.

 To investigate whether new coupling indices may be able to identify left ventricular (LV) performance changes induced by blood pressure (BP) overload earlier than conventional ones.

 50 young individuals were prospectively enrolled: 25 (40±8 years) newly diagnosed untreated hypertensives and 25 controls (38±9 yrs). All underwent at the same time carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement through a tonometer and an echocardiogram to calculate global longitudinal strain (GLS) and myocardial work efficiency (GWE). Two new indices of VAC were derived: PWV/GLS, previously validated and PWV/GWE, still unknown.

 ESV/SV ratio was lower in hypertensive (0.48±0.17) than in controls (0.57±0.14) but without any significant difference (p=0.18), whereas PWV/GLS was significantly lower in hypertensives than in controls (−0.45±0.19 vs −0.35±0.09 m/sec%; p=0.02). PWV/GLS ratio correlated with Ea/Ees (r=0.52; p<0.01), diastolic dysfunction degree (r=−0.59; p<0.001), age (r=−0.64; p<0.001), systolic BP (r=−0.41; p=0.002), diastolic BP (r=−0.39; p=0.005) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r=−0.40; p=0.004). PWV/GWE was higher in hypertensives than in controls (0.10±0.02 vs 0.08±0.01 m/sec%; p=0.001) and it was associated with Ea/Ees (r=−0.55; p=0.006), age (r=0.59; p<0.001), diastolic dysfunction degree (r=0.55; p<0.001), systolic BP (r=0.8; p<0.001), diastolic BP (r=0.5; p<0.001) and MAP (r=0.52; p<0.001).

 Innovative indices of ventricular-arterial coupling could be more sensitive for investigating the impact of hypertension on LV performance.

 Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): G. Martino University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Cardiology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy


Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen. The early identification of an outbreak, making use of a rapid, precise and simple methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus typing technique, can lead to prompt and effective precautions that avoid further spread of the infection. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is considered the gold standard for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus typing and has been recently supported by multilocus sequence typing. SmaI-multiplex polymerase chain reaction typing is a novel polymerase chain reaction -based technique that combines the principles of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, with simplicity of polymerase chain reaction and can be used in many routine clinical laboratories. Whole genome sequencing typing is a second generation sequencing technology and may ultimately replace the traditional molecular typing methods. This review aims to survey existing molecular typing techniques for Staphylococcus aureus and to discuss information for each method in order to aid researchers and clinical professionals in the selection and implementation of an optimal technique.


Cs/FA/MA triple cation perovskite films have been well developed in the antisolvent dripping method due to its outstanding photovoltaic and stability performances. This work constructs a quadruple-...


INFORMATION IN THE ASPECT OF SECURITY THREATS AND CHALLENGESIn the article, the author describes the driving force behind deliberate informational activities. He pays particular attention to the current security situation in the information dimension. Existing systems in the area of security management should be resistant to disinformation and informational operations. There is no room for the freedom of interpretation of the information acquired since every decision results in the actions of people, therefore it requires accuracy and caution. This issue takes on a special dimension when it concerns the state, because this environment contains specific features such as a changing environment, time scarcity and often verified information. Only efficient management of information processes can have a positive impact on the development and elimination of state threats. Actions involving psychological or informational influence may also be carried out by other entities, state-owned, non-state and private, including those located on their own territory. First and foremost, our security depends on ourselves and by taking it into special consideration we also increase the state's resilience to internal and external threats.


This exploratory article seeks to identify angles for theory-guided research on European responses to terrorism. It argues that, when placed within the historical context of its own trajectory in the area of border politics, and especially experiences related to the Schengen Agreement, its implementation and cross-pillar collaboration, it is possible to identify a distinct European capability. This article describes this capability as 'diversity awareness'. That is, as an actor on the world stage, the European Union is able to draw on transnational and trans-border experiences with law enforcement in beyond-the-state settings, as opposed to e.g. conventional warfare in order to defend the national interest. While sympathetic to the 'normative power Europe' literature, the article's critical constructivist approach notes reservations against the Universalist bias of that literature and proposes an approach that is more conducive to empirical research instead. Copyright (c) 2008 The Author(s); Journal compilation (c) 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


The decomposition behavior of FeSn, CoSn, CoIn/sub 2/ and Al/sub 3/Ni intermetallics under high-energy ball-milling has been investigated using X-ray diffraction, calorimetric and magnetization measurements. Upon milling a large amount of the FeSn inter metallic decomposes into Fe/sub 5/Sn/sub 3/ and FeSn/sub 2/, where the average grain size of the product phases stays nearly constant with milling-time. Similar observations are made for the CoSn intermetallic, which decomposes into Co/sub 3/Sn/sub 2/ and Sn. It is suggested that the mechanically driven decomposition of FeSn and CoSn results from local melting of powder particles due to high temperature pulses during ball collisions. In contrast to FeSn and CoSn, Al/sub 3/Ni exhibits only a small decomposition degree and CoIn/sub 2/ does not decompose at all upon milling. The different decomposition behaviors of the studied intermetallics may be attributed to the volume changes occurring with a decomposition process. Whereas the decomposition of FeSn and CoSn into their product phases results in a strongly negative volume change, the decomposition of Al/sub 3/Ni and CoIn/sub 2/ leads to an increase in volume. Hence, high local stresses under ball collisions are expected to make the mechanically induced decomposition of FeSn and CoSn favorable but rather hinder the decomposition of CoIn/sub 2/ and Al/sub 3/Ni.


This letter presents an approach for implementing game-theoretic decision-making in combination with deep reinforcement learning to allow vehicles to make decisions at an unsignalized intersection by use of 2D Lidar to obtain their observations of the environment. The main novelty of this work is modeling multiple vehicles in a complex interaction scenario simultaneously as decision-makers with conservative, aggressive, and adaptive driving behaviors. The game model allows anticipating reactions of additional vehicles to the movements of the ego-vehicle without using any specific coordination or vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The solution of the game is based on cognitive hierarchy reasoning and it uses a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to obtain a near-optimal policy towards a specific goal in a realistic simulator (ROS-Gazebo). The trained models have been successfully tested on the simulator after training. Experiments show that the performance of the lab cars in the real-world is consistent with it in the simulation environment, which may have great significance to improve the safety of self-driving cars, as well as may reduce their dependence on road tests.


. We study cosmological perturbations produced by the most general two-derivative actions involving two scalar fields, coupled to Einstein gravity, with an arbitrary field space metric, that admit scaling solutions. For contracting universes, we show that scale-invariant adiabatic perturbations can be produced continuously as modes leave the horizon for any equation of state parameter w ≥ 0. The corresponding background solutions are unstable, which we argue is a universal feature of contracting models that yield scale-invariant spectra. For expanding universes, we find that nearly scale-invariant adiabatic perturbation spectra can only be produced for w ≈ − 1, and that the corresponding scaling solutions are attractors. The presence of a non-trivial metric on field space is a crucial ingredient in our results.


Dynamic changes in spatially localized optical absorption and refractive index of vanadyl phthalocyanine thin films were measured by femtosecond Fourier transform spectral interferometry. A solid immersion lens was used to improve the spatial resolution down to 840 nm.


Biserko, S. (2012). Yugoslavia's Implosion. The Fatal attraction of Serbian nationalism. Belgrade: The Norwegian Helsinki Committee. Lowinger, J. (2011). Economic Reform and the "double movement" in Yugoslavia: An analysis of Labor unrest and ethno-nationalism in the 1980s. Charleston: ProQuest, UMI Dissertation Publishing. Vladislav, S. (2013). Emigration, Refugees and Ethnic Cleansing. The Death of Yugoslavia, 1991-1999. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Vladislav, S. (2012). Creation of the first Yugoslavia. How the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was established in 1918. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.


At the superconducting 130 MeV Darmstadt electron linac S-DALINAC a source of polarized electrons is being installed, extending the experimental capabilities with polarized electrons and photons for nuclear structure studies at low momentum transfers. The polarized source generates electrons by irradiating a GaAs cathode with pulsed Ti:Sapphire and diode lasers and has been set up and commissioned at a test stand including electrostatic preacceleration to 100 keV, a Wien filter for spin manipulation, a Mott polarimeter for polarization measurement and a chopperprebuncher system. Various polarimeters will be installed to monitor the beam polarization at all experimental sites. We report on the S-DALINAC, the results from the operation of the source at an offline teststand, the implementation of the polarized source and the polarimeter research and development.


For exploring accurately the difference of various fertilization types in peach land of Beijing,soil carbon flux diurnal variation of three typical fertilization types in peach farm of Pinggu in Beijing were measured continuously in summer with LI-8100 automated soil CO2 flux system. The results show that the diurnal curves of soil respiration rate under different fertilization types had a simple peak value. The soil respiration rate,soil CO2 flux during a day,soil CO2 flux during a month and soil CO2 flux during the peach growing season of organic manure plot were the highest,those of half organic manure plus half fertilizer were the lowest. Soil CO2 flux of fertilizer plot,half organic manure plus half fertilizer and organic manure during the peach growing season were 448.51,332.35,570.34 g CO2·m-2,respectively. The relationships between soil respiration rate and environmental factors,soil factors were extremely prominent,as well as the relationship between soil respiration rate and soil organic carbon,microbial number,microbial biomass carbon and soil water content. The fertilization type of half organic manure plus half fertilizer would be helpful in reducing soil CO2 flux.


This paper analyzes the incentive efficiency and contract structures of agents(i.e.,employees) under other-regarding preference,in which the agents are inclined to compare their incomes with other analogous ones from same industry.Result shows that the agent's choice of effort level will be affected by the others' wage,and the other-regarding preference can improve the effort of agents.Also this preference promotes as well as restricts the incentive to agents,and has negative and positive effects on the efficiency of corporation.


HAZARDOUS conditions may result from interactions of drugs that can substantially increase or decrease a patient's response to warfarin sodium. The interaction between warfarin and ethacrynic acid has been demonstrated in vitro, but apparently, no clinical evidence has been reported in the literature confirming this. We have had the opportunity to observe a patient taking both warfarin and ethacrynic acid. Report of a Case A 38-year-old woman was admitted with known primary pulmonary hypertension diagnosed by cardiac catheterization. As on multiple prior admissions, she had weight gain, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and belching. She had a two-year history of labile hypertension. During 1972, she developed increased skin pigmentation, elevated blood pressure, and cor pulmonale. Since then, severe failure of the right side of the heart has required several admissions and therapy with extremely high doses of diuretics. A diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy with hypoalbuminemia was established. Recently, paroxysmal nocturnal


Chloral hydrate (CH) is the most commonly used sedative for medical procedures and lung function tests in infancy. The aim was to determine whether moderate CH sedation affects airway function, lung volume and ventilation.


【Objective】To explore the applied value of Cystatin C(Cys C) in acute kidney injury(AKI)with the detection of Cys C,UN,Scr,UA and β2-MG in ICU AKI patients and ICU non-AKI patients.【Methods】In this study,57 patients were collected.They were divided into two groups,including 37 cases with AKI and 20 cases without AKI as controls.We measured the serum levels of Cys C,β2-MG,UN,UA and Scr by the Laboratory professionals by Hitachi 7170A Automatic biochemical analyzer.We estimated the eGFR with MDRD equation.Then we compared the levels of Cys C,UN,Scr,UA and β2-MG between two groups,the levels of Cys C among AKI groups,and their correlations with each other.Using ROC curve evaluate the diagnostic value of Cys C.All analysis was performed by SPSS 16.0 software.【Results】The serum level of Cys C were significantly higher in AKI group than in non-AKI group(P 0.05),but in AKI group it was no significant difference among three periods(P 0.05).The serum level of Cys C was positively correlated with UN,Scr,UA and β2-MG(r =0.516,P 0.01;r =0.552,P 0.01;r =0.360,P 0.05;r =0.569,P 0.01),and 1/Cys C was also positively correlated with eGFR(r =0.733,P 0.001).The ROCAUR of Cys C is 0.932,it's the best.【Conclusions】The study shows that Cys C can become a diagnostic indicator in AKI,and can diagnose AKI timely,provide a reliable assessment of renal function and grasp the right opportunity to better treatment.


This paper proposes a Web Based Online Real-time Information System for Outage Cost Assessment. This system developed in this study is just only prototype as previous stage but no commercial system. Using this system, the evaluation of reliability worth is the customer cost associated with a loss of supply may be assessed and the information will be serviced online real time on smart phone.


An optimal control problem for a 2-d elliptic equation is investigated with pointwise control con- straints. This paper is concerned with discretization of the control by piecewise linear functions. The state and the adjoint state are discretized by linear (cid:12)nite elements. Approximation of order h in the L 1 -norm is proved in the main result. Abstract. An optimal control problem for a 2-d elliptic equation is investigated with pointwise control con- straints. This paper is concerned with discretization of the control by piecewise linear functions. The state and the adjoint state are discretized by linear (cid:12)nite elements. Approximation of order h in the L 1 -norm is proved in the main result.


General agriculture, fishing and forestry sector (30%), Irrigation and drainage (20%), Rural and Inter-Urban Roads and Highways (20% ), Agro-industry, marketing, and trade (30%) Theme: Rural markets (30%), Rural non-farm income generation (20%), Rural services and infrastructure (30%), Micro, Small and Medium Enterp rise support (20%)


The State Special School Batam is a state school for elementary school to high school for people with disabilities, which is located in the center of Batam city. In the teaching and learning process, English is not included in the curriculum and certainly not used as a compulsory subject. This is caused by the lack of teaching staff's number, especially the blind teaching staff, lack of facilities, and lack of motivation from the students themselves. In fact, students with special disabilities are also entitled to receive the same teaching regarding to language skills. Therefore, the researcher provides a solution in the form of using Crossword Puzzle Braille as a medium to learn vocabulary in English. Crossword Puzzle Braille is a Braille-based crossword puzzle game intended for students with visual impairments. By combining the play and learn elements, it is hoped that students will be more interested in learning. The researcher conducted a pretest and posttest by giving a questionnaire containing 6 indicators; Days of a week, Family members, Basic Color, Body Part, Animals, and Number 1 to 10. The results of the comparison of pretest and posttest showed a significant increase. The pretest result showed 15% and the posttest result after 1 month of learning process using Crossword Puzzle Braille showed 48.17%. This shows that Crossword Puzzle Braille is effective for improving vocabulary mastery of blind students at The State Special School of Batam.


This article examines whether trafficking of human beings can be regarded as a crime against humanity under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.


Medial Septum/Diagonal Band (MS/DB) neurons display age‐dependent acceleration of GABA miniature postsynaptic current (mPSC) frequency, amplitude and decay rate in brain slices over postnatal day (PD) 4–16 (DuBois and Frye SfN Abst, 34: 913.11, 2004). 'Binge‐like' alcohol exposure on PD 4–9 equivalent to 3rd trimester of human pregnancy blunted this maturation, possibly by disrupting clustering of α1 containing GABAARs at synapses (Wang and Frye SfN Abst, 34: 570, 2006). In the present study, potentiation by zopidem (0.3–100 μM), a positive allosteric modulator with preferred selectivity for α1 subunit containing GABAARs, was examined in MS/DB neurons in brain slices from PD 4–9 Naïve pup and older rats of 3–4, 17 or 24 months. Zolpidem potentiation after binge‐like ethanol on PD 4–9 (5.25g/kg/day) was investigated during PD 11–16 and PD 80–85. GABAAR–mediated mPSCs were recorded in presence of zolpidem and amplitude, frequency and decay kinetics were analyzed. Zolpidem (0.3–100 μM) showed an age‐dependent potentiation of mPSC decay during PD 4–16 and plateaued in adulthood. The fast decay potentiation by zolpidem in adult and old rats resembled that of PD 4–9 naïve pups; Potentiation of the slow decay resembled that of PD 11–16 control rats. Binge ethanol exposure on PD 4–9 blunted zolpidem potentiation on PD 11–16, which persists through PD 80–85. No gender differences in baseline or zolpidem sensitivity on PD 11–16 were observed after binge ethanol treatment on PD 4–9. These results suggest binge ethanol exposure in developing MS/DB neurons appears to cause long‐term distortion of pharmacological sensitivity of postsynaptic GABAARs, which could contribute to cognitive deficits identified in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Supported in part by NIH R56AA12386 (GDF), RO1 AG007805(WHG), T32 MH65728 (ANM)


We settle a conjecture by Migliore, Miro-Roig, and Nagel which gives a classification of the Weak Lefschetz property for almost complete intersections generated by uniform powers of general linear forms.


Clay-polymer thickened greases were made by dispersing bentone-polyethylene and bentone-atactic polypropylene into mineral oil at an adequate temperature, and the physical properties such as wear and water washout characteristics, oxidation and shear stabilities, and dropping point of the greases were tested. Even if the greases failed to meet some properties, it was found that those greases can be used for some special purposes, by observing and comparing the properties with those of clay-metallic soap thickened greases that were made in this experiment.


Eigendecomposition represents one computationally efficient approach for dealing with object detection and pose esti- mation, as well as other vision-based problems, and has been ap- pliedtosetsofcorrelatedimagesforthispurpose.Themajordraw- back in using eigendecomposition is the off line computational ex- pense incurred by computing the desired subspace. This off line expense increases drastically as the number of correlated images becomes large (which is the case when doing fully general 3-D pose estimation). Previous work has shown that for data correlated on , Fourier analysis can help reduce the computational burden of this off line expense. This paper presents a method for extending this technique to data correlated on as well as by sam- pling the sphere appropriately. An algorithm is then developed for reducing the off line computational burden associated with com- puting the eigenspace by exploiting the spectral information of this spherical data set using spherical harmonics and Wigner- func- tions. Experimental results are presented to compare the proposed algorithmtothetrueeigendecomposition,aswellasassessthecom- putational savings.


NCCMERP (1998) classification of the severity of medication errors: A: Circumstances or events that have the capacity to cause error B: An error did not reach the patient C:An error reached the patient, but did not cause patient harm D: An error reached the patient and required monitoring to confirm that it resulted in no harm to the patient E: An error may have contributed / resulted in temporary harm and required intervention F: An error may have contributed / resulted in temporary harm and required initial or prolonged hospitalisation G: An error may have contributed to or resulted in permanent patient harm H: An error that required intervention necessary to sustain life I: An error that may have contributed to or resulted in the patient's death. Severity of errors Incident reports (n=267) f (%) GTT method (n=41) f (%) Observational data (n=143) f (%) Total (n=451) f (%)


The effect of different preservative chemicals in vase solution on the vase-life of rose is studied. Sucrose (2.3–5.7 %), cobalt sulphate (66–234 mg/l) and citric acid (116–284 mg/l) were used in the solution. The roses were pulsed with silver nitrate at 1000 ppm for 15 min. Results show that the vase-life of roses increased by three days due to use of preservative solution and pulsing. Cobalt sulphate, sucrose and citric acid influenced the vase-life in decreasing order. Rose buds opened fully in 2–3 days. The weight gain was maximum during second and third day. Optimisation resulted in the levels of variables as; 3 % sugar, 81 mg/l cobalt sulphate and 202 mg/l citric acid.


Abstract A new and expedient assembly of an interesting class of amido-substituted furo[4,5-c]coumarins has been successfully achieved through a one-pot sequential coupling and cyclization strategy starting from 4-hydroxycoumarin, aryl glyoxals and benzamide. All the reactions showed selectivity towards furo[4,5-c]coumarin, instead of the corresponding isoxazolo-substituted coumarins.


This study was conducted to determine the Important Value Indices (IVI) of some plants in the University farm. Eighty plant stands belonging to three families (Musaceae, Caricaceae and Arecaceae) were identified. Their frequency and coverage percentage were measured within the sampling plot. Data obtained were subjected to Chi-square analysis to test for significance at 5% level of significance. The results indicated that the mean richness of Caricaceae, Arecaceae and Musaceae species in the study area were 3, 2 and 6, respectively. The highest (p<0.05) Floral Value Index of 90.52 was recorded in plantain group while the least value (22.40) was recoreded in coconut. The relative density ranged from 7.5 to 45 for the genus Cocos l. and Musa l. The highest Relative Frequency (46.03 %) was recorded for Musa l. and the least in Cocos l respectively. The Important Value Indices ranged between 20 and 152 which indicated that Igbariam had a very rich Agricultural soil for Economic plant development particularly for the families of Musaceae. The Musaceae showed the maximum IVI, hence the most important family among the studied plant species in the Agricultural farm plot. Thus, it is concluded that Musaceae, particularly plantain, should be given special consideration in prioritizing species for crop production in the study area.
Keywords: importance value index, family importance value, plant, species, Musaceae


PRENATAL exposure to hydantoin analogues, including phenytoin, may result in the fetal hydantoin syndrome — a symptom complex characterized by poor growth and development with specific craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities.1 2 3 4 The full syndrome is seen in about 11 per cent of exposed infants, and an additional 31 per cent have partial expression of the teratogenic effects.1 The resulting dysmorphism is most striking at birth and generally becomes less pronounced with age, although the associated mental deficiency is permanent.2 Variability in the clinical manifestations of fetal hydantoin syndrome has been described in fraternal twins3 , 4 and triplets5 who were presumably exposed to . . .


PURPOSE
To study the relationship between cone spacing and density and clinical measures of visual function near the fovea.

METHODS
High-resolution images of the photoreceptor mosaic were obtained with adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy from 26 patients with inherited retinal degenerations. Cone spacing measures were made close to or at the foveal center (mean [SD] eccentricity, 0.02 [0.03] degree; maximum eccentricity, 0.13 degree) and were converted to Z-scores, fraction of cones, and percentage-of-cones-below-average compared with normal values for each location (based on 37 age-similar visually normal eyes). Z-scores and percentage of cones below average were compared with best-corrected visual acuity (VA) and foveal sensitivity.

RESULTS
Visual acuity was significantly correlated with cone spacing (Spearman rank correlation ρ = -0.60, P = 0.003) and was preserved (≥ 80 letters), despite cone density measures that were 52% below normal. Foveal sensitivity showed significant correlation with cone spacing (ρ = -0.47, P = 0.017) and remained normal (≥ 35 decibels), despite density measures that were approximately 52% to 62% below normal.

CONCLUSIONS
Cone density was reduced by up to 62% below normal at or near the fovea in eyes with VA and sensitivity that remained within normal limits. Despite a significant correlation with foveal cone spacing, VA and sensitivity are insensitive indicators of the integrity of the foveal cone mosaic. Direct, objective measures of cone structure may be more sensitive indicators of disease severity than VA or foveal sensitivity in eyes with inherited retinal degenerations.


We revisit the dynamics of a permanent-magnetic rigid body submitted to a spatially-uniform steadily-rotating magnetic field in Stokes flow. We propose an analytical parameterisation of the full set of equilibria depending on two key experimental parameters, and show how it brings further understanding that helps to optimise magnetisation and operating parameters. The system is often bistable when it reaches its optimal swimming velocity. A handling strategy is proposed that guarantees that the correct equilibrium is reached.


Electron-beam excitation allows the authors to modulate the conductance of wide-gap semi-insulating semiconductors over a wide range and to use them as variable resistors and as high power switches. The penetration depth of electrons, the electron range, was computed by means of a Monte-Carlo code. For electron energies of 30 keV, it is approximately 2 micrometers. In order to activate the switch material over a larger depth, the switch material, semi-insulating GaAs, was doped over a thickness corresponding to the electron range with zinc, which form shallow acceptors in GaAs. The Zn layers serves as an efficient source of cathodoluminescence, transforming the electron energy into photon energy and therefore converting the electron-beam activated switch into a photoconductive one. Experiments with 2 mm semi-insulating GaAs-switches with p-doped cathode layer have been performed where the electron beam was injected through one of the metal contacts which were placed on either face of the GaAs wafer. The 500 ns electron beam has electron energies of up to 30 keV and current densities of several A/cm{sup 2}. The results show that electron-beam controlled GaAs switches can be safely operated at switch voltages of several kV`s and current densities of 50 A/cm{sup 2} with lowmore » energy electron-beams as control elements.« less


Objective: Background Telmisartan have potent blood pressure lowering effect as well as the other pleiotrophic effects including PPAR-??/?? dual activation. In large clinical studies, telmisartan demonstrated the comparable clinical benefits with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. However, there were few studies of direct comparison between telmisartan and the other angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular and renal protective effect between telmisartan and the other ARBs in patients with the advanced hypertension who required two or more anti-hypertensive drugs. Design and method: This study used the Observation Medical Outcomes Partnership-Common Data Model database of three tertiary hospitals in Korea. 19,247 Patients were prescribed at least two antihypertensive drugs including ARBs, were selected from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. 3,437 patients in the telmisartan group and 15,810 patients in the other ARB group were matched 1:1 through propensity score matching. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), heart failure (HF) hospitalization and new-onset dialysis were compared for 3,386 patients in each group. Result: Before the matching, there was a higher proportion of patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) in the telmisartan group compared to the other ARB group. After the matching, average on-treatment blood pressure was similar between two groups. Over a three-year period, the incidence of MACE and HF hospitalization did not differ significantly between the two groups. Compared to the other ARB group, the telmisartan group had a lower incidence of new-onset dialysis (1.3% vs 1.9%, p-value = 0.04). However, this difference was not statistically significant in the multivariable Cox regression model. Conclusions: Telmisartan has similar cardiovascular and renal protective effects to other ARBs in patients with advanced hypertension who are taking at least two anti-hypertensive medications. Figure. Kaplan-Meier curves showing the incidence of MACE and dialysis in the telmisartan group and the other ARB group.


Purpose To explore the relationship between rs2297440 and rs2297441 polymorphisms of TNFRSF6B gene and susceptibility to gastric cancer. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. A total of 577 gastric cancer cases and 678 normal controls were recruited. Their genotypes were determined using the SnapShot method. Results The smoking rate in the case group (34.49%) was higher than that in the control group (27.29%). For TNFRSF6B rs2297440, among people <62 years old, the risk of gastric cancer in TC people was 1.84 times that in TT people. Among the non-drinking people, the risk of gastric cancer in the CC type was 0.66 times that in the TT+TC type. Among the drinking population, the risk of gastric cancer in the TC type was 1.67 times that in the TT type, and the risk in the TC+CC type was 1.70 times that in the TT type. As for TNFRSF6B rs2297441, in males and non-drinkers, the risk of gastric cancer in the AG type was less than that in the GG type. No matter how old the patient is, the risk of gastric cancer in the AA type was less than that in the AG+GG type. Conclusion A correlation exists between smoking and gastric cancer. For TNFRSF6B rs2297440, the TC genotype may be a risk factor for gastric cancer in people <62 years old. In the non-drinking population, the homozygous mutant of CC may be a protective factor for gastric cancer. In the drinking population, TC type may be a risk factor, whereas the TC+CC type dominated by C may be a protective factor. For TNFRSF6B rs2297441, the AG genotype may be a risk factor for gastric cancer in males and non-drinkers. The AA homozygous mutant may be a protective factor for gastric cancer.


The utility model discloses a connecting device for electrodes of a resistance heater. A spiral groove (2) for accommodating a resistance wire is arranged around the outside of the front end of an electrode bar (3) of the heater, and the spiral resistance wire (1) is wound in the spiral groove (2). The rear end of the electrode bar (3) is provided with external threads(8) and the end face of the electrode bar (3) is provided with internal multi-angle holes (9). A locking sleeve with an internal cavity of a cone hole is sleeved on the electrode bar (3) of the resistance wire (1), and a small caliber of cone hole is close to the end of the electrode bar (3) with external threads; an internal wafer (5), a reflecting plate (6), an external wafer (7), an elastic gasket (10) and a nut (11) are arranged on the end face of the end with external threads of the electrode bar (3), which is corresponding to the locking sleeve (4). The connecting device can not become loose when working at a high temperature, with the oxidization probability of contact surfaces reduced and the contact resistance reduced, thereby prolonging the service life of the heater and preventing caking caused by the high temperature.


Many have noted how the Bush administration's linking of Iraq to the war on terror lent a certain degree of legitimacy to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Few scholars who have noted this linkage, however, have theorised about the specific discursive mechanisms that allowed Iraq to be incorporated and normalised within the war on terror. This article utilises the theoretical framework of Ernesto Laclau to analyse how 'Iraq' was (re)constructed as a threat through the war on terror. The productive power of the discourses constructing 'Iraq' is examined in the wording of poll questions as sites of reproduction and naturalisation of the dominant understandings of Iraq and the war on terror. Rather than tools used to measure public opinion that exists independently of them, this article argues that polls are better viewed as vehicles through which foreign policy and security discourses are stabilised and naturalised.


Basic English Writing (BEW) courses have been part of English learning curricula in many universities. Some research has been conducted to investigate various class designs for English language courses. However, class designs for English writing are not yet abundantly developed to provide more experimental results. The purpose of this study was to experiment with a class design in accordance with a student-orient textbook. It explored the learning effect of beginning writers who participated in an experiment of the student-oriented class design and textbook. Participants included native Chinese seniors, taking Basic English Writing (BEW) classes. They were intermediate level students in terms of English proficiency. The study was conducted with two groups and it lasted 18 weeks. The two groups were evaluated by a final writing test. The final writing test was analyzed with four variables included in text analysis and an untried variable included in grammar. The results indicated that the class design helped the participants learn basic writing skills and apply them more frequently in their compositions at the end of the experiment. This design and textbook may be an easier and more systematic teaching strategy for BEW teachers.


Makansi, Jason. 2016. Painting By Numbers: How to Sharpen Your BS Detector and Smoke Out the "Experts." (Tucson, AZ: Layla Dog Press, 2016). 196 pp. ISBN 978-0-9984259-0-0. In Painting by Numbers Jason Makansi adds another book to the quantitative literacy bookshelf, with a book focusing on models. The book offers twelve commandments to aid the reader in assess quantitative models. The second section of the book offers examples to apply the models. Increasing quantitative literacy is crucial and generally, the more books the better. Unfortunately, this book is too superficial, often misses key ideas, and can easily lead a person to climate denialism. This book may do more harm than good. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License Cover Page Footnote Tom Pfaff is a professor of mathematics and former honors director at Ithaca College in New York. He has an interest in applying mathematics to issues of sustainability and is currently focused on disseminating this material on his sustainability math blog http://sustainabilitymath.org/ This book review is available in Numeracy: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/numeracy/vol11/iss1/art13 Another good book to provide quantitative literacy education to the general population is always welcomed. This can be a difficult audience, the challenge being to balance the need to be accessible to this general population while maintaining an appropriate level of rigor and avoiding oversimplification. As a book for quantitative literacy novices, Painting by Numbers by Jason Makansi misses this mark. The book aims to provide the reader with the reasoning skills to be able to analyze numerical models and the conclusions drawn from them, but it comes with a number of caveats. The preface states that the book is not intended to be a means of science denial. It further states that "the absence of positive examples of modeling and numerical analysis is deliberate." Even though these statements are explicitly stated in the preface, the less quantitatively experienced reader, who may walk away with the impression that anything with numbers can be dismissed, may too easily forget them. Further, there are too many overgeneralizations and missed opportunities to educate, which adds to the impression that numerical information should always be viewed negatively. The table of contents holds great optimism for the book. In section 1 the author lays out the twelve commandments of a numerical skeptic. This may bring to mind the book What the Numbers Say (Niederman and Boyum 2004), which lays out ten habits of highly effective quantitative thinkers. The second section contains a number of examples to which the commandments are applied. The author states that he "didn't consciously select articles I thought were egregious in their violations," but instead chose from examples he came across in his daily life while writing the book. Some of these examples seemed overstated or superficial, and the book would have been improved with more purposefully and deeply researched illustrations tied more directly to the themes. For those who have already developed quantitative literacy skills, the book invites resistance before the end of the preface. For example, two paragraphs discuss the baseball metric WAR (wins above replacement), which aims to measure the value of a player in the number of additional wins a team can expect by employing this player rather than an average player at the same position. The author uses WAR as an example of how there are "few standards governing how numerical analysis is applied" noting that Wikipedia states that WAR is a "nonstandardized Sabermetric baseball statistic." The use of WAR is less than a decade old and has evolved somewhat over that time. So, while stating it is nonstandardized is technically correct, there is more to the story. The author could have easily done some research beyond Wikipedia and engaged in a richer discussion of WAR. For example, can we really measure the value of a player in terms of extra wins above an average player? Do we really care whether WAR 1 Pfaff: Review of Painting by Numbers (Jason Makansi 2016) Published by Scholar Commons, 2018 accurately measures the change in wins if we know that it properly ranks player ability? In other words, is a player with a WAR of 4 better than one with a WAR of 3, even if they aren't really gaining exactly 4 or 3 extra wins over a season? Unfortunately, this type of superficial example is pervasive throughout the book and may lead the quantitative literacy novice to be more uniformed than educated. The commandments are generally good and at times clear. For example, "acknowledge error" and "identify assumptions," the first two, were clear and effective. But then we get to "find the weakest link," the third commandment. The weakest link chapter urges readers to look for the "most error-prone link" in a model. Excellent point, but the first example of the chapter, the body mass index or BMI = 0.045 × (Weigth in kg)/(Height in meters), has issues. The author uses himself as an example by noting that his weight in the morning, after a good workout, is 10 pounds lower than when he gets on the scale on the doctor's office. He points out that the difference in BMI from the two weighings is 6% or 24.7 compared to 26.2, with a healthy range of 19-25. In other words, the "error" in weight is the difference between a healthy BMI and an unhealthy BMI. He then conjectures about scenarios, such as losing an employment opportunity because of being overweight based on BMI when maybe he isn't. Again, technically the weak link in the model has been identified. Yet, this misses a larger point and leaves out valuable discussions. First, while height doesn't change, weight does fluctuate throughout the day. So, which of the two weight measurements is more appropriate for calculating the BMI? Well, any wrestler will tell you that the morning weight after a workout is low due to some likely dehydration. In other words, the BMI of 24.7 is likely artificially low and chances are his BMI is over 25. At the same time, the author could discuss the problems with hard cutoffs, like those used in the BMI and other measurements. Does one really go from healthy to unhealthy if their BMI changes from 24.9 to 25? The conjectures about using BMI to discount insurance or employment are important because BMI should not be used in this way. Unfortunately, the author only provides only conjectures and not actual instances which would have made the argument more compelling. Oh, and the folks for which BMI is truly problematic are bodybuilders as they are all unhealthy based on BMI. It is not difficult to find statements in the book that are overstated or superficial. In chapter 19, he implies that everyone got the polls wrong in the 2016 election. Again, this isn't exactly true as the national polls had Clinton winning the popular vote by a small percentage and she did, in fact, win by 2 percent. If you get past this exaggeration in the first paragraph and make it near 2 Numeracy, Vol. 11 [2018], Iss. 1, Art. 13 https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/numeracy/vol11/iss1/art13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1936-46126.96.36.199 the end of the chapter you get this: "None of this explains why all the pollsters got Michigan wrong but seemed to have done a pretty good job in most of the other states." In fact, pollsters did not do a pretty good job in most other states as the average absolute difference in state polling was 3.9 points in 2016. 1 This was the worst in presidential elections from 1988 onward. Further, Michigan wasn't even the largest polling error for a state. In fact, it seems to be the eighth worst. 2 The author does make a number of fair points about errors and problematic assumptions that can (and have) occurred with polling, but this reviewer would have preferred more nuance and perhaps the inclusion of some additional sources on this important issue. Despite the author's claim that the book is not meant to be about science denial, that is exactly how it comes off at times. Starting at the bottom of page 87, he has this to say: When you assess numbers rationally without fear or favor, you sometimes wonder whether anyone is making any progress towards "objective reality." Global climate change is permanently altering the inhabitability of our planet. Or, global climate change has been occurring for millennia and there's really nothing mankind needs to do about it. Both of these broad conclusions are backed up to the hilt with numerical analysis by seasoned and rational scientists—though as I stated earlier, the vast majority agree with the former conclusion over the latter. True, he includes the last sentence, but that does not make up for the rest of the paragraph. This is a textbook example of the false equivalence that occurs in journalism today. No, both sides are not backed up to the hilt with numerical analysis. It is easy to see how a climate denier would take away from the book that there are truly two sides to the climate "debate." Overall, the exposition of the book comes off as a first-person rant. We are even treated to a half-page exposition documenting how the author is "a very healthy guy." There are some important points that the author tries to make, but the exposition, limited research, and overgeneralizations obscure the key points. The preface states that the book should be considered a prelude to the more thorough books listed in the Appendix. The appendix is, in fact, a useful resource, 1 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/13/upshot/putting-the-polling-miss-of-2016-inperspective.html?mcubz=0 2 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/11/10/how-much-did-polls-miss-themark-on-trump-and-why/?utm_term=.bcf758f7aa46 3 Pfaff: Review of Painting by Numbers (Jason Makansi 2016) Published by Scholar Commons, 2018 and this reviewer would recommend


Does the EC Transparency Regulation grant unlimited access to documents of DG Competition? Regulation No. 1049/2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents grants access to everybody to any documents of the European institutions. In principle, regulation 1049/2001 fully applies to documents regarding antitrust proceedings and merger control proceedings of the European Commissions' directorate general for competition. However, in fact regulation 1049/2001 contains numerous exceptions that cover documents of the European Commission produced or provided in merger control and antitrust proceedings. Both, European regulation 1049/2001 and its German counterpiece, the German freedom of information act (Informationsfreiheitsgesetz des Bundes), provide for sufficient exceptions to protect both the authorities' interest to keep certain documents secret and companies' interests to safeguard that documents handed over to antitrust authorities will not come into the possession of third parties for purposes to use these documents in civil litigations for damage claims. The European Court of First Instance's decision in the matter VKI/Commission which annulled a decision of the European Commission not to grant access to documents on the basis of regulation 1049/2001 will therefore not lead to any major risks that in future documents from antitrust proceedings will be published on the basis of requests in accordance to regulation 1049/2001. However, the court's ruling puts a severe burden on the European Commission to thoroughly reason its decision not to grant access to certain documents in each individual case. 83) Ebenso Leopold, WuW 2006, 592, 601.


The article describes a variant of designing of linear switched reluctance generator, optimized under criterion of energy efficiency. It is proposed to optimize using the genetic algorithm within calculating the generator's magnetic field by the finite element method. The mathematical model of linear SRM is described, and also the results of the simulation are presented.


Lattice spin, in planar condensed matter system with emergent Dirac dispersion, is shown to emerge from the inherent SU(2) symmetry, arising through Schwingers angular momentum construction from anti-commuting Heisenberg operators of the sub-lattices. The presence of a mass term in the emergent Dirac dispersion is essential for the existence of this spin. The usual hopping term, that entangles the two sub-lattices, leads to the orbital counterpart. Relative sub-lattice displacements, that couple to the effective Dirac fermions like U(1) gauge fields, do not effect the lattice spin.


Though I intend to survey a variety of divination practices, my thesis focuses upon a particular type of pebble divination performed by Tibetan Bonpos. This form of divination, which is known as "Manifestation of Knowledge" (lde'u 'phrul), possesses a nearly unstudied textual tradition that, according to Bon histories, originates in the eleventh century. In addition to fieldwork conducted in various locations in Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal Pradesh, my discussion of lde' u 'phrul is supplemented by the translation of a number of previously unstudied lithomantic manuscripts. Chiefly, I focus upon the sMra seng rdel mo gsal ba'i me long, written by the 18th century ecumenicist and historian Kun grol grags pa. Certain aspects of this work will also be read against two later commentaries on the subject of lithomancy: (1) the Ma sangs 'phrul gyi rdel mo mngon shes rno gsal gyi sgron me, written by Slob dpon mKhas grub Lung rtogs rgya mtsho, the first preceptor of Yung drung gLing Monastery in Central Tibet; and (2) the sMra seng 'phrul gyi rdel mo mngon shes gsal ba'i sgron po, a 19th century witness of an alleged 11th century gter ma discovery attributed to the Bon "treasure revealer" (gter ston) Khro tshang 'brug lha. In using these materials, I adopt a broad view of hermeneutics, which does not restrict criticism to the manuscripts that I study, but also seeks to incorporate the contemporary performance of lDe'u 'phrul and, in particular, the diviner's unique perspective on the performance of divination into my textual critique.


Because dense breast tissue can hinder the identification of cancer on screening mammography, breast density notification laws have been enacted along


We all want our young people to have the best possible start in life; however, a worrying number of children in North East Lincolnshire are developing unhealthy weight patterns at an early age. Some children are overweight and obese, while others ...


Taro is a tropical root crop grown in Hawaii with a promising future. Now, the potential of taro has been under-estimated. This presentation reviews briefly (a) the cultural practices in Hawaii, (b) the availability of taro-based products, (c) other available technologies in processing taro, (d) problems involved in processing taro, (e) some prospective taro products, and (f) some recommendations to make taro the star of agri-business in Hawaii and the Pacific. Introduction Taro is a tropical root crop that can be grown easily. We can cultivate taro either under wet-land conditions or under dry-land conditions given adequate irrigation or rainfall. In the old days, Hawaiians grew taro under wet-land condition and they harvested them for the preparation of poi (taro paste). The practice is still carried on nowadays in Hawaii. Consumers with Hawaiian ancestry prefer poi and it is indispensable in occasions such as luaus (feasts). However, the gradual decrease of available wet-land in Hawaii and the hard work involved in the production of this crop has endangered the production of wetland taro. Taro growers are currently attempting the production of poi taro under dry-land conditions with irrigation and mechanization. Under dry-land conditions, taro growers can produce another taro crop successfully in Hawaii. This is the Chinese or Bunlong taro. It is gaining considerable interest among the farmers because of the simpler growing conditions and better profit as compared to the poi taro. In Hawaii, Chinese taro is consumed mainly in the form of deep-fried taro chips (a snack product) and deep-fried baskets (shredded taro molded into basket shape and then deep-fried) in restaurants. Other ways of consuming taro in Hawaii include steamed taro cakes, taro batter, taro bread or rolls, taro pancakes and taro chunks in casserole. However, the limited consumption and use of taro in Hawaii and the limited export marketing connections are not good enough to attract the farmers to increase their production. We have to develop other forms of consumption and uses, and a diversified marketing strategy to promote taro in the agricultural segment of the Hawaii economy. The increased export potential of fresh taro to the West Coast and Canada, and the development of taro-based food products in Hawaii are two of the more promising alternatives. In this presentation, I will discuss the taro-based products only. Availability of Taro-Based Food Products We process taro into various types of products and marketed them in Hawaii. Those which use taro as the main ingredient include poi in the bag, poi in the jar (baby food), dehydrated poi, deep-fried taro chips (snack) and taro baskets (found mostly in the restaurants). Other products such as taro bread or rolls, taro pancakes, and kulolo (a type of fudge-like candy) use taro as one of the main ingredients in their formulations. Improvements on existing technologies definitely can make the products more attractive to the consumers. In other countries, other forms of taro such as taro flakes (Taiwan), frozen taro chunks (China), dried taro chips (Fiji and Western Samoa) and frozen taro cake (Taiwan) are available. Other Available Technologies in Processing Taro Researchers have conducted studies on the use of taro as food ingredient, in canned products and extruded pasta products. These include the manufacturing of baby food type products, taro flour, taro meal or grits, canned taro, extruded products (rice, noodles and macaroni), fermented alcoholic beverage and gum replacer. However, food processors have not considered these for commercial applications. Problems Involved in Processing Taro Even though taro corms have been available for years and have been processed into a few products, it is one of those crops which is not readily adapted to modern processing technologies. From the food technologist's standpoint, there are several major problems which we must overcome in order to fully utilize this particular crop (the corms) for processing in Hawaii.


Survey/review study
A Survey on Recent Advances in Distributed Filtering over Sensor Networks Subject to Communication Constraints

Yu-Ang Wang 1,2, Bo Shen 1,2, Lei Zou 1,2, and Qing-Long Han 3,*

1 College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2 Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China
3 School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
* Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com

Received: 30 January 2023
Accepted: 31 January 2023
Published:

Abstract: The sensor network (SN) has long been an ongoing research topic with many successful applications in a wide range of fields. Lying in the core part of this paper is the distributed filtering problem over SNs that has been gaining growing research interests. We aim to provide a timely survey on recent advances in the distributed filtering problems over SNs subject to communication constraints. First, some basic knowledge concerning the distributed filter design issue is provided in terms of background introduction and mathematical descriptions. Then, some frequently encountered network-induced complexities resulting from communication constraints are comprehensively reviewed. Subsequently, the latest research progress of the distributed filtering schemes is discussed in detail for various systems over SNs with different performance specifications. Furthermore, practical applications of the distributed filtering methods are presented that include target tracking and distributed generation. Finally, concluding remarks are given followed by possible future research directions.


This paper presents a novel design of quaternary logic gates using graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors (GNRFETs). GNRFETs are the alternative devices for digital circuit design due to their superior carrier-transport properties and potential for large-scale processing. In addition, Multiple-valued logic (MVL) is a promising alternative to the conventional binary logic design. Saving power and reduced chip area is the reason for simplicity. The first design is a resistive-load GNRFET-based quaternary inverter gate. The channel length is 15 nm. This circuit works with a 0.9V supply voltage at room temperature. For optimizing the first design, resistors are replaced with transistors in the second design. Simulation results using HSPICE indicate that in the second proposed design provides 61.1% reduction in power-delay product (PDP) that of first proposed. These results can be used in MVL design based on nano devices.


This essay is driven by the question of how Candra, the writer and director of Dewi pulang (2017), is able to sustain his cinematic practice, despite the controversial nature of his films. Considering the notion of landscape of possibility, this essay traces processes that precede and go beyond the production of a particular film, but which are nevertheless constitutive of its becoming. These entanglements are explored through concrete stories in dialogical engagement with film practitioners in Indonesia. Adding these to the conversation of what constitutes a film conceptually and analytically, the desired gesture of this essay is less a representation or documentation of Candra's practice or Indonesian film communities but rather a provocation to approaches in film studies that operate on binary assumptions of landscape as an external backdrop (of text and context, film and maker, state and film production). I will argue that the evolution of film communities in Indonesia challenges commonly held assumptions about the role of the state in 'independent' film, and the linear 'assembling logic' from 'grassroots' to 'mainstream'.


Abstract Previous literature has investigated gender differences associated with environmental values and attitudes, often finding that women report attitudes and values that are more pro-environmental and activities that are more engaging with nature. These findings have spawned research into factors that might explain such gender differences. We explore the role of a new construct, the motivation for sensory pleasure (MSP), and how it furthers the understanding of gender disparities among environmental value orientations (ecocentrism, anthropocentrism, apathy) and reported nature-related behaviors. MSP is considered an individual disposition characteristic that measures the human need to seek out and enjoy nature-related experiences through the senses (vision, hearing, olfaction, touch). A comparison of college student samples (200 women, 190 men) found that women scored higher on ecocentrism and MSP and lower on environmental apathy. Higher MSP scores related to taking more nature hikes and fewer month...


ARGOS, the laser-guided adaptive optics system for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), is now under construction at the telescope. By correcting atmospheric turbulence close to the telescope, the system is designed to deliver high resolution near infrared images over a field of 4 arc minute diameter. Each side of the LBT is being equipped with three Rayleigh laser guide stars derived from six 18 W pulsed green lasers and projected into two triangular constellations matching the size of the corrected field. The returning light is to be detected by wavefront sensors that are range gated within the seeing-limited depth of focus of the telescope. Wavefront correction will be introduced by the telescope's deformable secondary mirrors driven on the basis of the average wavefront errors computed from the respective guide star constellation. Measured atmospheric turbulence profiles from the site lead us to expect that by compensating the ground-layer turbulence, ARGOS will deliver median image quality of about 0.2 arc sec across the JHK bands. This will be exploited by a pair of multi-object near-IR spectrographs, LUCIFER1 and LUCIFER2, with 4 arc minute field already operating on the telescope. In future, ARGOS will also feed two interferometric imaging instruments, the LBT Interferometer operating in the thermal infrared, and LINC-NIRVANA, operating at visible and near infrared wavelengths. Together, these instruments will offer very broad spectral coverage at the diffraction limit of the LBT's combined aperture, 23 m in size.


The purpose of the current article is to review the roles and functions of counseling psychologists who provide services within college and university counseling centers. The philosophy and definition of counseling psychology are provided, followed by a chronological review which traces the evolution of campus counseling centers over time. The article concludes with a description of current issues and challenges facing campus clinics. Roles and functions have evolved in many ways over the last fifty years and in order to remain effective, counseling psychologists must continue adapting to the changing dynamics of the college student population. Counseling psychologists are involved with a wide variety of practices and function within a number of settings. New professional roles have emerged over the course of time, typically as a direct result of changing societal needs. One constant has been the employment of psychologists within college and university counseling centers, the practice setting that will be the focus of this paper. Before examining this venue, a general description of the philosophical approach and definition of counseling psychology will be provided to help understand how practice at the university level fits into the larger mission of the field. Next will be a review of the roles and functions for psychologists who practice within campus clinics. Finally, the paper will conclude with a discussion of current issues and challenges university counseling centers face, followed by a short summary. PHILOSOPHY AND DEFINITION To understand the roles and functions of psychologists who operate at the university level, it is important to recognize the larger scope of the profession as a whole. Murdock, Alcorn, Heesacker, and Stoltenberg (1998) identified the following philosophical perspectives that set counseling psychology apart from other specialty areas of psychology: (1) an emphasis on working within a developmental perspective across the full range of psychological functioning, (2) working with assets and strengths across all levels of functioning, (3) use of relatively brief counseling and treatment interventions, (4) a broad focus on person‐ environment interactions, as opposed to exclusive attention to either the person or environment, (5) an emphasis on educational, vocational and career development, (6) a stress on prevention and psycho‐educational interventions, (7) an essential commitment and valuing of the integration of individual and cultural diversity and the vital importance of 1 Sokol: Counseling Psychology Within the University: A Study of Roles and Published by e-Publications@Marquette, 2009 122 multiculturalism within US society today, and (8) an essential attitude of critical and scientific inquiry accentuating the importance of evaluating and improving services and emphasizing the integration of science and practice. In summary, the philosophy of counseling psychology comes from a strength‐based approach which emphasizes prevention, brief treatment, and the recognition of multicultural issues. This philosophy clearly influences how counseling psychology is currently defined. According to Division 17 (Society of Counseling Psychology) of the American Psychological Association (APA), the most recent definition of counseling psychology (APA, 1999) is as follows: Counseling psychology is a general practice and health service‐provider specialty in professional psychology. It focuses on personal and interpersonal functioning across the life span and on emotional, social, vocational, educational, health‐related, developmental, and organizational concerns. Counseling psychology centers on typical or normal developmental issues as well as atypical or disordered development as it applies to human experience from individual, family, group, systems, and organizational perspectives. Counseling psychologists help people with physical, emotional, and mental disorders improve well‐being, alleviate distress and maladjustment, and resolve crises. In addition, practitioners in this professional specialty provide assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of psychopathology. (APA, 1999, p. 589) This statement reflects an ambitious specialty that offers a wide range of services (e.g. psychotherapy, research, education, supervision, etc.) to a variety of populations (Baker & Subvich, 2008). Counseling psychologists operate in a number of settings including universities, community mental health centers, Veterans Administration clinics, hospitals, independent practice, business organizations, and consulting firms. Surveys of Division 17 members consistently show that the largest number (roughly 40%) of counseling psychologists are employed at the university level (APA, 2000; Fitzgerald & Osipow, 1986; Gelso & Fretz, 2001; Watkins, Lopez, Campbell, & Himmell, 1986). Although many serve as professors and researchers, others are direct providers of counseling services. Before focusing on such providers, a brief discussion of the history behind college counseling centers is in order. 2 Graduate Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 1, Iss. 2 [2009], Art. 12 http://epublications.marquette.edu/gjcp/vol1/iss2/12 GJ CP EVOLUTION OF ROLES AND FUNCTIONS In 1951, the term "counseling psychology" was introduced at the first national conference hosted by Division 17 (Super, 1955). It is no coincidence that university counseling centers were founded shortly thereafter.  Inspired by the guidance movement of the early 20 century, the end of World War II, and funding from Veterans Administration, campus clinics provided career and vocational counseling to returning veterans and students (Cooper, Resnick, Rodolfa, & Douce, 2008). By this point in time, psychometric tests of vocational interest, aptitude, and ability were well developed (Baker & Subvich, 2008). However, career concerns were not the only issues facing veterans; many experienced difficulty transitioning from war to civilian life. Counseling psychologists were required to expand their focus beyond vocational guidance. During the 1960's, counseling psychology continued to develop as a profession. Leaders from Division 17 gathered again in 1964 for a second national conference (Munley, Duncan, McDonnell, & Sauer, 2004). Among the topics of discussion were training issues, practicum/internship sites, and required coursework curriculum for doctoral studies. As university counseling centers became more involved with training and supervision, the number of sites increased. It was around this same time period that new counseling methods and theories gained momentum (Baker & Subvich, 2008). Up until this point, counseling was primarily focused on matching skills and interests with careers (i.e. career and vocational guidance). Nondirective approaches (e.g. Carl Rogers) became popular, as they attempted to account for the adjustment of the whole person (Cooper et al., 2008). Such approaches were very different because the client was in charge rather than the counselor. Although vocational guidance was still the primary focus at this time, personal counseling emerged. The 1970's and 1980's were viewed as a period of time when university counseling centers became broader in scope (Cooper et al., 2008). Psychologists began to work with clients experiencing interpersonal difficulties rather than focusing solely on career counseling. Doctoral programs continued to be established throughout the US as psychotherapy services improved. At the same time, the number of campus clinics grew and took on new roles including outreach/prevention programs and campus consultation. Advances in psychometric tools also led to the expansion of diagnosis and assessment. Demand for services continued to rise during the 1980's and 1990's as students began paying more attention to their own mental health concerns (Gallagher & Bruner, 1994; Stone & Archer, 1990). Changing attitudes and perceptions towards mental health from society at large was 3 Sokol: Counseling Psychology Within the University: A Study of Roles and Published by e-Publications@Marquette, 2009 124 likely a contributing factor. Unfortunately, resources were limited (Stone, Vespia, & Kanz, 2000) and university counseling centers faced constricted budgets (Cooper et al., 2008). Thus, brief therapeutic models and group therapy were introduced. Psychologists began to consult with agencies outside the university (e.g. community mental health clinics) for additional support due to the high volume of clients that appeared. Referrals became yet another important function of campus clinics. Today, university counseling centers take on many of the roles previously mentioned. In summary, these include career/vocational counseling, individual/group psychotherapy, training and supervision, outreach/prevention, consultation, and referrals. Different programs operate on different models and size (both of the university and the counseling center) typically has an impact on the amount of resources available (Bishop, 2006; Stone, Vespia, & Kanz, 2000).  Although considerable variation exists among college counseling centers, there is no question that many currently face a host of challenging issues (Benton & Benton, 2006; Cooper, 2004; Cooper et al. 2008; Grayson & Meilman; 2006; Kadison & DiGeronimo, 2004). It is worth taking a brief look at what these issues are and how campus clinics are dealing with them. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES By its very nature, college represents a time of tremendous change for students. Each semester brings with it new classes and teachers, friends and lovers (Grayson & Meilman, 2006). Roommates come and go as students move from one housing location to the next. It is also a time in students' lives when a series of normal developmental changes are underway including identity formation, the establishment of intimate relationships, and the selection of a career path, just to name a few. While some adjust well, others struggle w


According to the troops request of the information-based construction,the analytic hierarchy process is used in the aided decision-making system of the support of engineering equipment in wartime,We expecting to change currently the wartime that our army the support of engineering equipment still stays around the present condition of the database foundation only.


Cooperative communications and full-duplex (FD) relaying have been proposed to meet the ever increasing data traffic demands and fully exploit the scarce spectrum resources. In this paper, we consider FD relaying networks with multiple source-destination (S-D) pairs and multiple FD relays. We propose the joint optimal relay assignment and power allocation (ORAPA) scheme to maximize the sum rate of the network. The sum rate maximization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MENLP) problem. We provide an equivalent maximum weighted bipartite matching (MWBM) problem to solve the MINLP issue and reduce computational complexity by adopting the Hungarian algorithm. Simulations results are provided to verify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.


As many as one-quarter of all patients admitted to hospital after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may have an elevated blood glucose concentration. Moreover hyperglycaemia in this context is associated with a poor prognosis. In this article we examine the prevalence of hyperglycaemia and the determinants of blood glucose level on patients with AM1 to assess whether the relationship between hyperglycaemia and poor outcome might be causative, and thereby potentially amenable to intervention.


A numerical approach is studied for the approximate feedback linearization of nonlinear systems which fail to have the conditions for feedback linearization. Requiring derivatives of the system vector fields is the often procedure to find an approximate system in most existent techniques. The evaluations of the system vector fields provide enough information for this approach. A tracking control law based on the resulting approximate system can be used for the original system.<<ETX>>


In the 2010/2 issue of REALaw Jane Reichel - in her analysis of the preliminary judgment given by the Court of Justice in the Djurgarden-Lilla Vartan case - illustrated that, in particular in the area of environmental law, judicial control in a globalised legal order is a rather complex theme. On the basis of this judgment it seemed that it is to the ECJ to decide whether national conditions regulating access to justice are compatible with both the Aarhus Convention and EU law. The judgment in Case C-240/09 Lesoochranarske zoskupenie, illustrates once more that a straight answer to a simple question "who has the right to access to justice" is not always possible. Also Lesoochranarske zoskupenie shows that even the question "who decides who has access to justice" in environmental matters is a difficult one.


In high-mass microquasars (HMMQ), strong interactions between jets and stellar winds at binary system scales could occur. In order to explore this possibility, we have performed numerical two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of jets crossing the dense stellar material to study how the jet will be affected by these interactions. We find that the jet head generates strong shocks in the wind. These shocks reduce the jet advance speed, and compress and heat up the jet and wind material. In addition, strong recollimation shocks can occur where pressure balance between the jet side and the surrounding medium is reached. All this, together with jet bending, could lead to the destruction of jets with power < 1036erg/s. The conditions around the outflow shocks would be convenient for accelerating particles up to ~ TeV energies. These accelerated particles could emit via synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) scattering if they were leptons, and via hadronic processes if they were hadrons.


The research aims at (a) describing the strategies and identifying the levels of refusal speech act in politeness, and (b) formulating the internalization of polite values in a process of the Javanese culture-based students' character building. The research was conducted at Darul Ihsan Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School Sragen. It employed a descriptive and qualitative, and analytic, critic, and holistic approach. The data sources covered all the students (santri) and teachers (asatidz) in both formal and nonformal situations. The object was the refusal speech act, spoken in the communication at the school. The data were collected with the techniques of content analysis, in-depth interview, and observation. The data were analyzed with a contextual-extralingual method. In conclusion, the results of the research show that: (a) the refusal speech act is performed through indirect (63%) and direct strategies (37%), (b) the refusal speech act is spoken through indirect communication with polite (29%), impolite (56%), cost-benefit (3%), authority (5%), and optionality (5%), and social distance (2%), (c) the internalization of the students' character building is realized in the forms of model, habit, supervision, advice and suggestion, warning, and sanction. The dominant factors in the internalization process are closely related to the teachers' roles, Islamic Boarding School's environment, and politeness building in the learning process. The problems are closely related to the low understanding of politeness, heterogeneous students, and students' habits.


Most people are frequently disturbed during their daily work activities. However, the consequences of these disturbances on health, well-being and productivity have scarcely been studied. In a recen study some experiements have been conducted, in which professional workers working under controlled conditions in the laboratory on realistic tasks, have been interrupted in their work activities. Special attention has been given to the ecological validity of the experimental set-up. The frequency, and complexity, timming, and emotional meaning of the interruptions has been manipulated. The effects on health, well-being and productivity have been assessed by means of focussing on behavioural, physiological and affective reactions. In this presentation the results of the experiments will be presented. In particular the focus will be on internal time scale, in which an appropriate amount of time a certain task is calculated. The results of these experiments will lead to a better understanding of the processes that regulate our work activities, and may be used in task - and job desing.