Beginning by offering a conceptual analysis of change – a statement of what change of any kind is – the paper sets out to examine possible ways of understanding a very common and important variety of change that may be called 'evolutionary'. These changes include anything from the production of a clay pot on a potter's wheel to the emergence of a system of management, or from the effects of an analgesic drug to the development of a new programme of care. As few philosophers have discussed such topics, theories are borrowed from the philosophy of science that attempt to explain the development and rationality of science. The ideas of Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn are discussed and criticized, before turning to evolutionary theories: Darwinian and Lamarckian. The paper ends by offering a model that, it is hoped, may help in thinking about a wide range of changes.


52 53 Introduction: An excessive response to ovarian hyperstimulation during IVF is associated with 54 patient discomfort and complications. This individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis, evaluates 55 whether ovarian reserve tests (ORTs) add prognostic value to patient characteristics, like female age in 56 the identification of excessive responders, and whether their performance differs across clinical 57 subgroups. 58 Methods: We searched for studies published until December 2009 of basal FSH, AMH or AFC in 59 relation to ovarian response to ovarian hyperstimulation and authors were invited to share their 60 original data. Random intercept logistic regression models were used to estimate the added value of 61 the ORTs on patient characteristics, while accounting for between study heterogeneity. ROC 62 regression analyses were performed to study the effect of specific patient characteristics on the 63 accuracy of the ORTs. 64 Results: Thirty-two databases could be included (n=5,251). Age had an area under the ROC curve 65 (AUC) of 0.61 for excessive response prediction. AFC and AMH significantly added prognostic value 66 to age (P-value for each <0.001). A model with age, AFC and AMH had an AUC of 0.85. The 67 combination AMH and AFC, without age had similar accuracy (P=0.98). The subgroup analysis 68 showed that FSH performed worse (P=0.01) in predicting excessive response in higher age groups, 69 AFC did better (P=0.01) and AMH performed about the same (p=0.14). 70 Conclusion: This IPD meta-analysis demonstrates that AFC and AMH add value to female age in the 71 prediction of excessive response and that, for some ORTs, the discriminatory performance is affected 72 by female age. ORTs, and specifically AMH, may thus be useful for excessive response prediction in 73 IVF-populations. 74


Abstract The open-source desktop planetarium Stellarium has become very popular in astronomical education and outreach. Our recent changes aim for its applicability in historical and archaeoastronomical simulation contexts. Apart from visualizing the seemingly perpetual regular motions of the celestial bodies, it can be used to visualize and demonstrate historical solar and lunar eclipses, historical and present comets, meteors, and also novae and supernovae.


Herein, molybdenum sulfide-nickel sulfide (MoS2-Ni3S2) core shell nanowires were directly grown on nickel foam by one step hydrothermal process. The MoS2-Ni3S2 was employed as electrode for supercapacitor electrode and methanol oxidation. The MoS2- Ni3S2 electrode exhibited the specific capacitance of 792 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g1 in a three electrode cell configuration in 1 M KOH electrolyte and maintained the current density up to 168.7 A g -1 in 1 M KOH electrolyte mixes with 0.5 M methanol. This work confirmed the suitability of the transition metal sulfides for energy storage and electrooxidation of methanol.


This paper deals with a system composed of a three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped inverter fed by photovoltaic panels. The system is able to operate adequately even under partial shading operation by controlling the dc-link neutral point injected current. System model, pulse width modulation strategy, maximum power point tracking, and control logic for balancing the dc-link capacitors voltages are presented. Analysis of harmonic distortion, thermal stress, limits of control, and power losses are included. Experimental results validate the proposed system. 


This paper deals with a new, computer-aided approach to floor-layout design. The approach proposes: firstly, a specific layout language with a syntactic knowledge defined by means of hierarchical hypergraphs; secondly, a correspondence between layout modifications and hypergraph operations. An initial layout drawn by the designer is automatically converted into a hypergraph and each designer's modification to the layout is reflected in the hypergraph structure. Our new approach is illustrated by a step by step example, where two complementary representations of the same floor-layout design are used.


This paper makes a study of Wu Rong's travel experience in north of the Great Wall.Wu was a famous scholar in the late Tang dynasty.The paper argues that Wu once hunted for a job in north area of the Great Wall and soon returned home.


In the hierarchy of power transmission and distribution systems, the three-phase LV distribution networks are most susceptible to voltage unbalance (VU). The main causes are large presence of randomly distributed single-phase loads and, following the latest trends, the increasing presence of single-phase distributed generators. Most widely accepted VU calculation is based on percentile ratio of negative and positive sequence voltage (voltage unbalance factor, VUF). Obtaining sequence voltages is a complex domain calculation and requires simultaneous sampling of three-phase voltages and angles. This is why the existing VU monitoring and mitigation solutions are dominantly three-phase. Without an additional three-phase aggregation device, there is an inherent gap in VU monitoring for single-phase loads and generators. In this paper, the data concentrators for a growing PV micro-inverter niche are identified as an infrastructure that could be exploited to somewhat close this gap. Due to potential technical limitations of PV data concentrators, a non-complex VUF approximation formula is tested as a "light" calculation alternative, by comparing it against conventional VUF. The comparison results are obtained from Monte Carlo load flow simulation for an unbalanced LV network.


We devised a new pretreatment to analyze asbestos in gypsum boards that are discarded when building new structures and demolishing old ones. In this pretreatment, crushed gypsum board powder is dissolved in a water solution of ammonium formate. Then, insoluble asbestos can be separated on filter paper for XRD analysis. This pretreatment is simpler than the determination of asbestos in building material products (JIS A 1481), and XRD analysis can confirm chrysotile of 0 . 1 wt% or greater in gypsum. This method can only be applied for the analysis of gypsum, but it can be used effectively for confirming asbestos in amounts of 0 . 1 wt% or greater in the gypsum for the purpose of avoiding asbestos in it.


PDC bit gauge pad design parameters are well understood for providing the desired build up rate (BUR), but these designs provide minimal value in the horizontal section. Outside forces, such as bit walk and formation push, can cause deviations in inclination and azimuth. Trajectory corrections on both motor and RSS assemblies can significantly slow the drilling process and result in more tortuous wellbores. Thus, a PDC gauge pad design that provides minimal side cutting at low side loads, while achieving typical BUR at higher side loads should result in a PDC bit that tracks better with fewer unintended deviations and resulting trajectory corrections for improved overall drilling efficiency.
 Prototype bits were developed with a tracking gauge pad design. Laboratory tests demonstrated the desired side cutting response at various side loads. Field tests are being conducted across the U.S. on pad wells offering direct comparisons to offsets using conventional PDC bits.
 This paper presents the tracking gauge pad design concept, laboratory test results, and field performance improvements. Results show reduced trajectory deviations and dogleg severity, improving overall section ROP and hole quality.
 Until now, the role of PDC bits has focused primarily on achieving the intended BUR and instantaneous ROP, leaving tracking performance solely to the drilling system. The tracking PDC gauge design concept breaks this paradigm by providing a PDC bit that tracks better than conventional bits for significant gains in directional drilling efficiency.


Quality of fish habitat at the scale of a single fish, at the metre resolution, which we defined here as microhabitat, has been primarily evaluated on short reaches, and their results have been extended through long river segments with methods that do not account for connectivity, a measure of the spatial distribution of habitat patches. However, recent investigations of quality of aquatic habitat at the stream segment scale, at hundredth of metre resolution macrohabitat, indicate that the spatial distribution of aquatic habitat quality and size is an important factor at the network scale. Here, we hypothesize that aquatic habitat connectivity, quality and patch size are also important at the microhabitat scale. We test this hypothesis by modelling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning habitat in a 6‐km long reach of Bear Valley Creek (Idaho, USA) with microhabitat resolution of 1‐m square. We use two‐dimensional hydraulic numerical modelling coupled with suitability curves to predict the spatial distribution of spawning habitat quality. We quantify connectivity for each habitat patch with the ratio between the area of neighbouring patches and their squared hydrographic distances. Results from a logistic regression analysis comparing predicted with observed spawning locations indicate that habitat quality and patch size are important factors and connectivity among patches may have a secondary effect. Therefore, spatial distribution of aquatic habitat and size of habitat patches are important aspects of its quality, suggesting that composite metrics such as weighted usable area may not be sufficient in defining the condition of the river environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present invention relates to a gesture-based human-machine interface, such as graphical user interface for controlling a program executed on a computer. A user's gesture is monitored and provide a response based on the detected gesture. The object is used to point to the information displayed on the screen. Not only in response to determining where the pointing object and in response to determining the distance of the object from the screen, the information displayed on the screen is modified.


This paper mainly introduces the specific application of PLC in the condensation water precision processing system in the thermal power plant, discusses the existing shortcomings of condensation water precision processing PLC control system, and uses the program and hardware optimization to solve these shortcomings to make the condensation water precision processing system more stable,safety and make the degree of automation more higher.


Due to the wave-particle duality of high energy electron beam, RHEED describes a thin film surface through the interaction of reciprocal lattice rod (RLR) of the film. The RLR spacing of the crystal has been computed using RHEED streak spacing on a fluorescent screen. Present evolution study of RLR spacing has been performed for AlGaN/InGaN heterostructure on thick GaN buffer layer during plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Effect of composition, strain and temperature on the crystal has been identified as the function of lattice spacing during the growth. The calibrated reflectivity of LED signal has also been employed to map the thickness of different growing epilayers. RLR spacing decreases for interlayer GaN as compared to AlN. Initially, the RLR spacing of GaN buffer decreases more as compared to interlayer GaN owing to its increased growth temperature after the interlayer AlN. The RLR spacing of GaN again gradually increases with decrement of growth temperature up to the InGaN channel layer. The InGaN RLR spacing decreases again which attributes to the relaxation of InGaN on GaN. Additionally, AlGaN reveals strained state to InGaN in combination with effect of high growth temperature. The phenomena result in additional decrement of lattice distance in reciprocal space. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The problem of inaccurate, misapplied or fraudulent scientific data could be addressed by government regulations, or by self‐regulation from within science itself. To many, self‐regulation implies the grounding of research activities in some "neutral"; standard of "ethics"; acceptable in a "pluralistic"; society. Yet, there is no such thing as a "neutral ethics"; and many "contemporary"; theories contain such serious theoretical deficiencies and contradictions that they are practically inapplicable. As a viable alternative to these theoretical and practical problems, an objectively based realistic framework of ethics is considered, and used to ground both the individual scientific and the collective public policy decision making processes. This is an ethics of properly integrated relationships. It is then applied to an analysis of many of the causes of incorrect scientific data, as well as of many of the internal and external pressures and abuses often experienced by scientists today. This approach respec...


Taking the course of Visual Basic Programming as background,this article explores the teaching means and methods,and believes that we should make use of advanced teaching ideas and modern equipment,find effective teaching modes,combine teaching and tearning effectively and achieve the goal of improving teaching quality and educational level.


Bacillus cereus NY-14, which we isolated from soil and identified, can digest soluble starch and effectively produce maltopentaose (G5) in culture medium.1* Of three enzymes related to the production and later disappearance of G5 in culture medium containing soluble starch, the properties of cell-bound a-glucosidases I2) and II3) have been reported. a-Glucosidase I, which hydrolyzes maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, /?-nitrophenyl a-maltoside, pnitrophenyl jg-maltoside, isopanose, and P6 (63-0-amaltotriosylmaltotriose), corresponded to a maltase. aGlucosidase II, which hydrolyzes isomaltose, isomaltotriose, panose, and /?-nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside, was classified as an isomaltase (oligo-l,6-glucosidase; EC 184.108.40.206). Both enzymes are important in the production and later disappearance of G5 in culture medium containing soluble starch. This paper describes the effects of various carbohydrates on a-glucosidase production. Maltose, maltotriose, amylose (DP= 17), and isomaltose were obtained from Hayashibara Biochemical Research L b., Inc. Maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, and maltoheptaose were purchased from Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd. All other chemicals were obtained from the usual commercial sources. The basal medium used contained 1% peptone (Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd.) and 0.5% NaCl (pH 8.0). The strain was cultivated in a test tube (2.1-cm diameter, 21-cm length) containing 10ml of the medium at 30°C for 24hr with shaking (250rpm). For the study of the course of enzyme production, the bacterium was cultivated in a 5-liter Erlenmeyer flask containing 500ml of the medium at 30°C with shaking. After incubation, the cells were harvested by centrifugation at 15,000rpm (27,300xg) at 4°C for 20min, suspended in 50mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) containing 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and disrupted by ultrasonication (model NS-250, Nihon Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) at 20kHz for lOmin at 4°C. After centrifugation, enzyme activities in the supernatant were assayed as described previously.2'3) The enzyme solution to be tested was incubated with 1 % maltose (a-glucosidase I) or isomaltose (a-glucosidase II) at 30°C and the amount of glucose formed was measured by the method of Papadopoulas et al.A) One unit of a-glucosidase activity was denned as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzed 1 /zmol of maltose (aglucosidase I) or isomaltose (a-glucosidase II) per minute under the conditions described above. In this study, the enzyme activity is shown as the amount produced in 10 ml of the culture. The amount of total sugar of the culture filtrate was measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method5} and that of reducing sugar by the dinitrosalycylic acid (DNS) method6) with glucose as the standard. Growth of the cells was estimated by photometrical absorbance at 660nm in a 1-cm cell after 10-fold dilution of the culture using deionized water. Maltooligo-


Errors of measurement for test scores generally are viewed as random and unpredictable. Conditional standard errors of measurement (SEMs) index the amount of error in the measurement process and are required to be reported for tests. Methods of estimating conditional SEMs, based on both classical test theory and generalizability theory, are described in this entry. These methods are based on differing assumptions, but the conditional SEMs estimates obtained from these methods are commonly highly related for educational achievement tests.

Conditional SEMs vary by score level. Conditional SEMs typically have high values for extreme scores and have low values for middle scores on the raw score scale. However, a nonlinear transformation of the raw scores to scale scores can lead to conditional SEMs that have other patterns across score levels.

Keywords:

conditional standard errors of measurement;
classical test theory;
generalizability theory;
scale score


The problem of jamming on a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Gaussian channel is investigated. We show that the existing result based on the simplification of the system model by neglecting the jamming channel leads to losing important insights regarding the effect of jamming power and jamming channel on the jamming strategy. We find a closed-form optimal solution for the problem under some positive semidefinite condition without considering simplifications in the model. If the condition is not satisfied and the optimal solution may not exist in closed-form, we find a suboptimal solution in closed-form as a close approximation of the optimal solution. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.


These conspicuous spherical galls occur somewhat rarely at Ottawa upon the stems of Solidago rugosa, and have been found to yield only the handsome fly with produces them, and its parasite Eurytoma gigantea, Walsh. The 24th May last I spent at Casselman, about thirty miles southward from Ottawa, with Mr.Fletcher, and we found the galls abundant upon Solidago serotina, upon the banks of the South Nation.


Weak interactions between quarks give rise to hadronic parity violation which can be observed in nuclear and few-nucleon systems. We study the QCD renormalization of the isotensor component of parity violation at next-to-leading order accuracy. The renormalization group is employed to evolve the interaction down to hadronic scales. As the results are renormalization scheme dependent, we compare various schemes, including 't Hooft-Veltman dimensional regularization, and several regularization independent-momentum subtraction schemes.


For the sake of realizing scientific management urban rail transit network operation safety issues and making scientific decisions on the issues,factors affecting the management and decision-making were classified into four groups: group of human behavior factors,group of environmental factors,and group of safety management factors.An hierarchical structure of 22 influencing factors was built using ANP.Relationships among the factors were analyzed.Using SD software,comprehensive weights of the factors were obtained,and key factors were identified.A complex multi-attributes decision-making model for urban rail transit network operation safety issue was built by putting the comprehensive weights into the TOPSIS model.An example was given to validate the new model.


The first two articles in this issue are introduced by the Digital Government Area Editor, Carlos Jimenez Gomez. These articles highlight the importance of open innovation and the data scientist for the future of this important area.


589 While Glenn David Brasher's argument about so-called "Black Confederates" is convincing, he takes his conclusions about the historical significance of the Peninsula campaign to emancipation too far. Brasher asserts that had McClellan succeeded in taking Richmond in 1862, it would have ended the Civil War, leaving too many white Northerners unconvinced that emancipation was necessary and thus slavery would have survived the Civil War. This interpretation assumes that the capture of Richmond in 1862 would have ended Confederate resistance, which is a dubious proposition. The war was only a year old when the Peninsula campaign began, and despite recent reverses, the Confederacy still had the means and will to continue resistance even after the fall of Richmond. The hard war had not yet begun which would eventually degrade the Confederate army and impoverish its white population to the point that surrender was the only viable option; that would take three more years. In any case, even though Glenn David Brasher takes his argument about the role of the Peninsula campaign in emancipation too far, on the whole The Peninsula Campaign and the Necessity of Emancipation is a highly praiseworthy work that succeeds in combining traditional military history and social history to the benefit of both.


PURPOSE: Provided is a biodegradable coating implant coated with an adhesion- stimulating material, which improves the bonding force of the implant to a tissue around the implant. CONSTITUTION: The biodegradable implant for bone connection comprises a coating layer formed of an adhesion-stimulating material, which stimulates the adhesion between the implant inserted into a living body and a tissue around the implant, on the surface of the implant. Particularly, the adhesion-stimulating material is selected from the group consisting of proteins, extracellular materials, cytokine, hormones, pigments and mixtures thereof.


Concentrations of heavy metals in the surface sediments from the intertidal zone of Quanzhou Bay were determined and the geo-accumulation Index(Igeo) was employed to evaluate the extent of heavy metal contamination.The results show that heavy metal contamination in the bay could be divided into four groups: no contamination(Igeo0),as in the case of Co(Igeo=-0.67);light-moderate contamination(0Igeo1),as in the case of Cr(Igeo=0.65),As(Igeo=0.52),Zn(Igeo=0.75) and Pb(Igeo=0.11);moderate contamination(1Igeo2),as in the case of Cu(Igeo=1.58),Ni(Igeo=1.32) and Mn(Igeo=1.08);severe contamination(Igeo5),as in the case of Cd(Igeo=8.70).Heavy metal contamination source analysis though principal component analysis(PCA) revealed that the contribution rates of the top three principal components were 32.884%,31.676% and 21.988%,respectively,indicating that the three main sources of heavy metals were as follows: industrial wastewater;chemical fertilizers and pesticides of agriculture and mining;degradation of organic matter and erosion of rocks.The clustering indicated that the nine stations could be divided into three groups: 2~7 for Class 1;1 for Class 2;8 and 9 for Class 3.These findings not only reflected the heavy metals contamination characteristic of surface sediments in space,but also provided fundamental evidence that industrial wastewater,chemical fertilizers and pesticides from agriculture and mining present in the Jinjiang River and Luoyang River were the principal sources of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Quanzhou Bay.


We analyze the robustness of various standard finite element schemes for the Reissner-Mindlin plate and obtain asymptotic convergence estimates that are uniform In terms of the thickness d. We Identify h version schemes that show locking, i.e. for which the asymptotic convergence rate deteriorates as d 0 and also show that the p version Is free of locking. In order to isolate locking effects from boundary layer effects (which also arise as d -+ 0), our analysis Is carried out for the periodic case, which Is free of boundary layers. 1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21218. Research partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Systems Command, USAF, under Grants AFOSR 89-0252 and F49620-92-J-0100. 2 Instltute of Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740. Research partially supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant NOOO14-89-J-1030.


Synthesized of alkaline earth metal carbonate slats of Ca(II), Sr(II) and Ba(II) in alkaline medium were spectroscopically discussed. The chemical reaction of an aqueous solutions of metal chloride ions (CaCl2, SrCl2 and BaCl2), ammonium hydroxide and urea with molar ratio 1:2:10, respectively, at ~ 100 oC for 3 hrs. The infrared spectra of the results indicate absence of the essential bands of urea, but existed of the characteristic bands of ionic carbonate, CO3 2–. The chemical reaction equations were suggested under the role of metals ions in the decomposition of urea at low temperature in comparable with urea itself.


A cushion structure of a vehicle seat is provided. The cushion structure includes a cushion pad formed of expanded resin and configuring a cushion part of the vehicle seat, the cushion pad being provided with a groove part, and a reinforcing sheet material which is harder than the cushion pad and is provided integrally with an upright wall face of the groove part.


Propositional functions and possible worlds Russell's three levels of modality the ontological foundation Rescher's case against Russell the strength of Russell's modal logic does Russell have a possible worlds logic? the motives and origins of Russell's theory of modality Russell's relevance logic Russell, Keynes and the legal origins of logical relevance.


Population service is one of the most important tasks in a government agency such as a village, especially in a modern era like today, demands for accurate information that is obtained quickly and easily. Bareng Village is a village with a population of approximately 2,655 people, thus the administrative service process for letter application services can cause queues and does not rule out the possibility of typing errors in the applicant's identity in the submitted letter. This can also cause delays in processing letters and can hinder the issuance of letters, because the number of village employees on duty is limited to only a few people, while the number of letter applicants exceeds the working capacity of village employees. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to have a village administration application that can help service letter requests for the community to be faster and more accurate. In this study, an android-based Bareng village administration service application was built. This research uses a systems approach method, namely the Rational Unified Process (RUP), and the system development method uses the UML method. The results of this study are the application of Bareng village government administration services that can make it easier for residents to get information about the village and provide information on the status of completion of certificates, as well as appropriate village inventory data


The European Quantum Flagship is a 10-year, 1 billion Euro initiative, expected to bring quantum technologies from the lab to the market. The initiative is now taking off: The implementation and governance models are decided and the first research projects are commencing their work.


Casting ceramic core (110) includes a vane segment (50) blades (52) inner surface shaped wing portion to define a (56) (116) of the back surface of the shroud of the vane segment (62) ( and a shell portion (122) having a shaped rear molding surface (120) to define a 68). Back molding surface has a higher portion (132), and a lower portion (134). High portion, the lower portion is spaced from the closest point in the wing portion (138). And the wing portion, the shell portion is cast as a monolithic body during a single casting stream included.


Smoking in pregnancy is a serious health risk to mother and baby that is associated with premature birth, low birth weight and respiratory disorders. Recently it has become apparent that smoking in pregnancy can have long‐term consequences for the child, including learning difficulties, elevated risk of diabetes, obesity and asthma. Over the past 30 years there has been a considerable volume of research activity searching for effective smoking cessation interventions that are suitable for pregnant women. This paper will review recent research literature to identify effective smoking cessation interventions and make recommendations for further research.


We examine the effects of a species', and its competitor's, density on the choice of habitats exploited by the species in models where there is a cost of selecting only one habitat. The state space of the two species' densities is partitioned into regions where the species take either their preferred habitat (assumed in this paper to be different), or both habitats. The functions partitioning the regions are called isolegs. Also superimposed upon the state space are the familiar isoclines, whose intersection gives the equilibrium densities for both species. The slopes of the isoclines are different in the different regions of the state space. Isoclines and isolegs are functionally dependent. We can derive conditions under which both species coexist using mutually exclusive habitats, and where, as a consequence, the isoclines intersect perpendicularly. These conditions appear to be easy to obtain ecologically, and are likely to be encountered when each species inhibits its competitor strongly in its (the species') preferred habitat.


CrCl3·6H2O/hydrogenated bis-Schiff base is found to be an effective catalyst system for synthesis of bis(indoly) methane via electrophilic addition reaction of indoles with aldehydes using acetonitrile as the solvent. The yields of isolated products are from good to excellent.


Using monthly average temperature data at 26 stations in Northeast China in 1961-2010 and the NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data,the interdecadal characteristics of summer temperature anomaly over Northeast China is investigated.It is found that there are 4 different patterns of summer temperature anomaly over Northeast China by applying empirical orthogonal functions(EOFs) analysis to monthly mean summer temperature anomalies.The EOF1 presents a pattern with changes in the same direction,holding about 72% of the total variance contribution,and its time factors show multiple interdecadal variation.Three other patterns hold 10%,4% and 3% of the total variance contribution respectively,showing north-south,east-west and mountain-plain anomaly patterns with changes in different direction,and the influence of ocean,terrain,and the difference of latitude.Multiple interdecadal variation of mode EOF1 has mutation properties further analyzed by mutation and wavelet analysis,and influenced by a period of 20 a,the time factors mainly were minus during 2007 to 2010,which should be paid more attention.Mode EOF1 is significant positive correlation with geopotential height in 500 hPa and U-wind in upper troposphere(Westerly Jet) of 30oN-40oN,presenting a global belt distribution.In northeast Asia,the positive correlation zone reaches 60oN,and geopotential height in 500 hPa changes in nearly the same direction with the multiple interdecadal variation of mode EOF1.Mode EOF1 is significant positive correlation with sea surface temperature(SST) in Asian coast of Pacific,the Western Pacific Warm Pool(including the north-central areas of Indian Ocean),the south Pacific surrounding Australia,the North America coast of the Atlantic,the northern area of the North Atlantic drift,and the northern area of the equator in the Atlantic.It is also significant positive correlation with Pacific Decadal Oscilliation(PDO).Mode EOF1 is closely related with the multiple interdecadal variation of sea-air system in the Northern Hemisphere,and at the same it is influenced by global warming.


In this work, for the first time an in situ electrochemical pretreatment approach to fabricate a highly reversible oxygen electrode with redistributed ultrafine RuO2 catalysts on a carbon nanotube (CNT) matrix is reported. The optimally pretreated RuO2/CNT oxygen electrodes demonstrate an extremely stable cycling life, 800 times with non‐Li metal anode, under a capacity‐limited protocol of 800 mAh g−1 in an ether‐based electrolyte in an O2 environment. The highly stable activity of ultrafine RuO2 catalysts in oxygen reduction and evolution processes originates from the synergetic effect of greatly reduced size of catalyst (<2 nm) and uniform redistribution of catalyst particles after the in situ electrochemical pretreatment process. The pretreatment method discovered in this work can not only significantly enhance the activity/efficiency of the catalysts used for air electrodes but can also be widely applied to other electro‐catalysis systems.


"Humanity hypothesis" is the ideological basis for the concrete management behavior of the manager."Humanity hypotheses" with a single "economic man" or "social man" or "cultural man" are not completely in line with the development level of the social-economy and the enterprises in current China.According to our country's real situation,the ideal choice for "humanity hypothesis" should consider the staff in integrated way,in other words,staffs should be cared as the "economic man",treated as the "social man",cultivated as the "cultural man" in the management of enterprises.


There is disclosed a polyurethane/unsaturated polyester hybrid foam of the rigid type prepared from novel components including not only polyol and polyisocyanate but also a unique hydroxy-containing vinyl ester and vinyl monomer, optionally together with an additional polar vinyl monomer, all together providing the necessary components for a hybrid polyurethane-polyvinyl ester matrix, which mixture of components before foaming is capable of having suspended therein fillers and reinforcing fibers to produce a foam or reinforced foam composite having a density between about 20 and 100 pounds per cubic foot. The reinforced foam can be made into baords and the like and advantageously has continuous fiberglass strands or yarn disposed longitudinally in or adjacent the surface skin of the foam. The strands or yarn are preferably parallel and close together and are preferably flattened out in the foam-forming process so that the surfaces have a continuous fiberglass implant longitudinally and substantially so transversely. One preferred structural composite is illustrated in the drawings.


In this paper, we investigated transport characteristic of photo-induced carriers by traveling surface acoustic wave for GaN film. We fabricated Al IDT electrode on the GaN film with different conductance. By irradiate UV light on the propagating path and induce carriers in the GaN film, we measured output signal at various irradiating conditions. The results indicated possibility to realize functional devices which integrate GaN semiconductor devices and GaN SAW devices.


Abstract Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a semi invasive imaging modality rapidly gained credence and popularity in the cardiothoracic centers worldwide by mid 1990s. It has also been found to be useful in some noncardiac surgical procedures, in particular in the management of neurosurgical patients and haemodynamically unstable patients in intensive care units (ICUs). The principal goal of basic transoesophageal echocardiographic examination encompass a broad range of anatomic imaging including the diagnosis of air embolism, causes of haemodynamic instability, ventricular size and function, volume status, and complications from invasive procedures, as well as the clinical impact or etiology of pulmonary dysfunction in ICU. TEE is relatively cheap and semi-invasive, but it should not be used as a stand-alone device but as a tool which provides data in addition to the data acquired from other forms of monitoring. The establishment of TEE in perioperative neuro anaesthetic care though recent, may result in a significant change in the role of the anaesthetsiologist who, using TEE can provide new information which may change the course and the outcome of surgical procedures.


882-Pos Board B682 Micro Scoop Cantilever: New Manipulation Technique for Cell Biophysics TakahiroW. Nakayama, Shin-ichi Machida, Masakazu Saito, Rehana Afrin, Atsushi Ikai. Mechanical properties surrounding cells are well known to affect behaviors of intracellular and extracellular proteins, and contribute to macroscopically observable biological phenomena. On studying cellular response to the applied mechanical environment, quantitative measurement of the relationship between the applied load and cellular response is important. The atomic force microscope (AFM) can help us to obtain required data for such analysis covering a wide range of force required for such study. When used as a colloidal probe, a bead is glued to a conventional AFM cantilever in advance and used for cell binding experiment only once providing a low throughput experiment. We designed a new cantilever with a scooping function which can produce high throughput cell binding experiments because the colloidal probes are separated from the cantilever. The newly designed AFM cantilever has a semi-circular hole at its edge for scooping function of a spherical bead, thus, micro scoop cantilever. The micro scoop cantilever allowed us to perform various experiments such as recovery of proteins interacting with ligands on a bead, detection of bead adhesion force up to a micronewton order, and simultaneous measurements of loading force to cell and local cellular mechanical responses.


ABSTRACT In the framework of European educational convergence, university teaching must respond to the new challenges posed by the European System of Transfer Credits (ECTS) while encouraging improvement and innovation in didactical aspects of formation. In Spain, the field of the History of Education has assumed an active role in the advancement of teaching quality by promoting projects for innovation and reform through different institutions and organisms. In this article we will describe a project for teaching innovation, supported by the Universidad Complutense of Madrid's Vice-rectory of quality, which is based on the pedagogy of Freinet. The aim of the project is to apply the Freinet methodology to the teaching of the History of Education to undergraduate students of primary education, pre-school education and pedagogy. The reasons for introducing the Freinet techniques in the university classroom have to do above all with the versatility of its methodology. The method's didactic potential in forming teachers – owing principally to its way of integrating and unifying diverse innovative methodologies from the Progressive Education movement – has been amply demonstrated. On the fiftieth anniversary of his death, the pedagogy of the French educator has been shown to be as relevant as ever.


Building of harmonious society and harmonious-man has always been the goal of social development as well as the value that the CPC has been pursuing.Building of a harmonious society should conform to the objective rule as well as the needs of humanity,should combine the yardstick of object with that of human beings,the yardstick of science with that of value,should pay equal attention to the development of society and the development of humanity.The most important thing is to build harmonious-man,who is rational,economical,political,cultural,capable and ethical.


Abstract Fault-tolerant hardware architectures for autonomous vehicles can be implemented through redundancy, diversity, separation, self-diagnosis, and reconfiguration. These approaches can be coupled with majority redundancy through M-out-of-N independent system architectures. The development of fault- tolerant systems is of central importance in the launch of autonomous driving systems from level 4. The increasing complexity of electrical and electronic systems is challenging for the design of safety-critical systems. This work aims to develop a method to manage this complexity in product development and to use it to compare different types of architectures. The basis is a system consisting of sensors and microcontrollers. The reliability of all possible MooN configurations of the system is calculated automatically by numerically solving the master equation of the corresponding Markov chain. Subsequently, a software-based fault tree analysis enables more detailed modeling of the component structure. The results show that four-line architectures can provide suitable results and that the development effort for 2-ECU systems is higher than for 1-ECU systems with respect to the ISO 26262 target values.


Between August and November 1985, 45 patients with suspected aseptic meningitis were investigated using conventional virus isolation procedures and the m̈‐antibody capture Coxsackie B IgM enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) test, which is well known to cross‐react with other members of the enterovirus group. An enterovirus was isolated from 22% of patients compared with 67% who were positive in the ELISA test. Not only was the rate of enterovirus detection increased by using this ELISA method, the clinician received a result within 2 days of submission of serum to the laboratory. A positive result was reassuring to the patient and helpful in clinical management. The main disadvantage of this test was its cost since Coxsackie B1‐5 virus antigens were essential. Development of a single inexpensive enterovirus‐specific antigen is thus desirable.


Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (CTCA) is an effective non-invasive imaging modality for anatomo-functional assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Machine learning (ML) algorithms allow extraction and process of useful information from multidimensional spaces for evaluation of coronary lesions.

 To investigate the ability of ML to integrate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) derived parameters with quantitative plaque burden, plaque morphology and anatomical characteristics for predicting impaired myocardial flow reserve by PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).

 49 patients (29 male, mean age 65.3±6.3 years) with intermediate pre-test likelihood of CAD who underwent CTCA and PET-MPI were included. PET was considered positive when >1 contiguous segment demonstrated Myocardial flow reserve (MFR) ≤2.5 mL/g/min for 15O-water or ≤2.0 for 13N-ammonia respectively. CDF derived parameters such as a previously validated CT-FFR surrogate, virtual functional assessment index (vFAI), segmental endothelial shear stress (ESS), as well as anatomical and plaque characteristics were assessed. k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), support vector machines (SVM) and feedforward neural networks (FF-NN) were implemented. ML was internally validated using 5-fold cross validation, repeated 100 times. Using sequential forward selection (SFS), the 5 highest rank features based on appearances in each classification scheme were selected and following exhaustive search (ES) the best features combinations were identified. Each classifier's performance was evaluated using an area-under-receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis.

 85 coronary segments were analyzed and 28 features derived from CTCA were extracted. The features ranking for every classifier are depicted in Figure 1. k-NN using a combination only of ESS in the proximal (ESSprox) and distal segment achieved an AUC=0.78 (Sens=0.71, Spec=0.77, p<0.05) for predicting a positive PET result. Combining ESSprox with burden fibrofatty tissue and non-calcified plaque burden, SVM achieved an AUC=0.75 (Sens=0.74, Spec=0.67, p<0.05) whilst for FF-NN, the corresponding AUC was 0.79 (Sens=0.76, Spec=0.7, p<0.05) using ESSprox, vFAI and % Fibrofatty volume. Among the best features combinations, ESSprox was the most consistent one achieving an AUC=0.75 (Sens=0.66, Spec=0.73, p<0.05) for k-NN, AUC=0.73 (Sens=0.58, Spec=0.59, p<0.05), for SVM and an AUC=0.73 (Sens=0.63, Spec=0.62, p<0.05) for FF-NN respectively.

 ML analysis is feasible for predicting abnormal MFR by PET using a combination of CFD derived parameters, anatomical and morphological features. ESSprox was present in every combination of best features. As a single characteristic was a moderate predictor of impaired MFR, whilst in combination with plaque characteristics and CFD derived features resulted in improved sensitivity and specificity.
 Figure 1

 Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund-ESF) through the Operational Programme "Human, Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020" in the context of the project "Assessment of coronary atherosclerosis: a new complete, anatomo-functional, morphological and biomechanical approach" and from p-Med GR 5002802


Article continues and complements our previous articles on the HM16 ether (ETH) model. Here, we describe the mechanism of occurrence of the submicroparticle (SMP). A general hypothesis, HFVI, is introduced for the modalities of interaction between two SMPs, based on periodic mechanical percussion forces, produced by fundamental vibrations FVs. A mechanism for describing the interaction between a SMPs and the ETH is presented. Positive and negative particles are defined by their membrane types of movement, such as +, −u/+, −v vibrations, and rotations at speeds +Ω/−Ω. The process of creating a pair of SMPs is discussed. Applying HFVI to the interaction between pairs of SMPs immobile in ETH, and considering longitudinal FVL, was obtained the forces of attraction/repulsion +FL21/–FL21, which correspond to the completed Coulomb force FCC including gravitation. The resultant FRL21 will form an oriented field of forces, which is a quasielectric field QE, equivalent to actual E electric field. Considering transversal FVT, was obtained the vibratory forces +, −FT21, whose resultant forms an vibrating field of forces, QHs, a quasimagnetic special field, which may explain some of the quantum properties of SMPs. Considering a mobile SMP, two new γ strains in ETH appear. Strains γL are created by the displacement of SMP with velocity V, whose force +, −FT12 is the support of a component of the magnetic field H (quasimagnetic field QH), giving the QHL component. Strains γR are created by the rotation of SMP with speed Ω, whose force +, −FR12 constitutes physical support of the component QHR of magnetic field H (i.e. QH). The creation of a photon PH is modelled as a special ESMP containing two zones of opposed rotations, and a mechanism is presented for its movement in the ETH with speed c based on the HS hypothesis of screwing in ETH, with frequency ν.


The article is concerned with urgent issues of the students' socialization in the high educational institution. Basing upon the existing socialization theories, the author describes this process. The socialization is presented as a structure consisting of the following components: spontaneous, relatively managed, relatively socially controlled, and more or less consciously self-developed. The author describes factors and mechanisms of the socialization and its specific features in the university.


This is a commentary to a former paper by Sedwick and Jensen published in this very journal. On the one hand, the commentary praises the paper's urgently needed focus on interorganizational relationships and empirical richness. On the other, the commentary questions habitual path dependence as a theoretically useful concept.


Peat swamp land in Indonesia is quite extensive, which is 10.8% of Indonesia's land area, the area of peatland in Indonesia is estimated at around 14.95 million hectares, the largest on the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan and Papua and a small part in Sulawesi.  The dry process is not good can be associated with bulk density. Irreversible dryness can occur in peat with low lindak density, while peat with high lindak density is relatively easy to reabsorb water. Peat soils store much higher carbon than mineral soils. Every gr of dry peat stores about 180-600 mg of carbon, while every gr of mineral soil contains only 5-80 mg of carbon. This research method uses a descriptive exploratory method whose variable approach is carried out through land surveys and is supported by the results of soil analysis in the laboratory. The results showed the value of water content and water absorption of peat soil in the protected forest of Banjarbaru peat soil based on different times and showed a decrease in the level and absorption of peat soil.


We propose a new technique for wavefront manipulation using a high-impedance metasurface made of a reflectarray containing gradient mushroom-shaped elements, which provide a full-range phase shift for accomplishing the manipulation. The reflection phase of the high-impedance metasurface shows a linear discontinuity dependence on the sizes of the unit elements. Near-diffraction-limited focusing and a high efficiency of 80% were achieved by modulating the reflection phase using the gradient high-impedance metasurface. The experimental results and the theoretical simulation were in good agreement. The proposed gradient high-impedance metasurface can be employed for highly effective wavefront engineering.


Expectations are an important element in the modelling of both service quality and customer satisfaction, through the expectation-disconfirmation paradigm. However, understanding of the way in which differing classes of expectations are formed is limited. To date, studies concerned with the antecedents of expectations have been highly exploratory and mainly qualitative in nature. Although this study is also to an extent exploratory, it advances the debate surrounding expectations by offering systematic quantitative testing of two different classes of expectations. Data were collected on service expectations for bank accounts prior to consumption, along with information on possible antecedents. Hierarchical regression analysis was then employed to interpret the data. The results showed implicit service promises are an important antecedent of both 'predictive' and 'desired' classes of expectations. In addition, explicit services promises have some influence on predictive expectations, whilst word of mouth influence desired expectations. In general, many of the posited antecedents of expectations were not significant predictors of expectation levels.


Information requirement elicitation (IRE) is essential in wireless Web service to elicit information requirements through interactive choice prompts. We present a design of a high-level user interface for IRE, in the context of 'banking database queries' by a mobile Web user. The prototype is based on the notion of query-by object (QBO) approach of building a query using multiple user-level steps. The test prototype system uses J2ME MIDP for a wireless front end and a J2EE application server and an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) at the back end. A sample set of queries demonstrate ease of access by the users. Ambiguities in users' intentions are eliminated by virtue of a step-by-step procedure.


We present the format for a workshop on introductory computer programming, which was held at the 2015 American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) Annual Conference in New Orleans, LA. The main workshop objective was to familiarize attendees with basic computer programming, including data structures, data management, and data analysis. The workshop used the general programming language R, though the concepts and principles presented are transferable across programming languages. Given the increased importance of statistical analysis in the agricultural sciences, the workshop was well attended. Participants appreciated the opportunity to improve their computational literacy and supported follow-up workshops like this at future ASHS events. We have released the presentation and the companion R script online.


An experimental study is done on the special-shaped beam deflection of one teaching building expansion joints shaped floor under senviceability limit state.The beam deformation of the mechanicl arm under the action of different load combination is the major concern.By selecting the reasonable simplified calculation models,the experimental value is compared with the theoretically calculated value.The results show that the measured deflection value at the elastic stage is closer to the theoretical value.So the beam board construction technology can satisfy the design requiements.


both my predecessors in this symposium have recognized, privacy is not an absolute good. In some conditions it is an evil, and in others, more frequently encountered, its value is outweighed by conflicting values. The subject needs to be discussed in concrete terms, and that is my justification for drawing upon my own experience, in which two elements seem relevant to the investigation in which we are engaged: my years as a country dweller and my years as a Communist and an ex-Communist. If my onetime political commitments have led to my being confronted with the problem of privacy in a form that is currently of concern to many people, my rural life has shown me the problem in what may be regarded as its traditional aspects. Both kinds of experience have to be taken into account.


This work examines the change in the activity of the Sun based on the reconstruction of the heliospheric modulation potential in the time interval 8000 - 1000 BC. Reconstructions of this potential were obtained using radiocarbon data, taking into account the influence of changes in the Earth's climate. A comparison is made of the variations in the activity of the Sun with the global surface temperature. It is shown that variations in global temperature during this period could be the result of changes in solar activity. So high solar activity could lead to recorded temperature maximums around 7000 and 5300 BC. The drop in temperature in the range 3000-1000BC could be the result of low solar activity.


A novel stereocontrol method for asymmetric aldol reactions of aldehydes with ketones is described. The stereoselectivity of the products is controlled by the electrostatic repulsion and hydrogen-bonding interactions of an N-aryl-L-valinamide catalyst. The use of this catalyst in a cross-aldol reaction allows easy access to bioactive 3-cyclohexanone-3-hydroxy-2-oxindole with excellent diastereo- (syn/anti = >99:1) and enantioselectivity (>99 % ee).


that part when it is in a downward direction ? Perhaps I may be too sanguine, but I am inclined to believe that well-directed pressure upon the fundus, if continued long enough, will in all cases, where there are no adhesions, result in restoration or reposition, no matter how much time may have elapsed since inversion oc  curred. "


ABSTRACT This article discusses the application of separation technologies, in particular solvent extraction and ion exchange in the uranium nuclear fuel cycle. The history and decisions in selecting the technology are briefly discussed. The global trends in the energy sector are reviewed and the impact of other energy sources on the nuclear power industry both now and in the future is described. The effect of over capacity in uranium mining and milling, UOC refining and uranium enrichment on the development of new technology is a key feature of this article. Although over capacity is not the case with irradiated fuel reprocessing, other constraints limit the development of new technology and/or process improvements. The environmental considerations of all stages of the uranium nuclear fuel cycle will require better process technology and it is this key balance between the environmental and economic considerations that constitute a key component of this article. Some new solvent extraction processes that may offer a way forward to the segregation of actinides from highly active waste, integrated technologies and non aqueous systems are discussed.


Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is highly curable with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus anthracycline-based cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Given the very high activity of arsenic trioxide in relapsed APL, European investigators conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III noninferiority trial comparing induction therapy with ATRA plus arsenic trioxide (AA) versus ATRA plus chemotherapy (AC) …


To better prepare early childhood teachers for computer use, more information about their current skills and classroom practices is needed. Sampling from a large metropolitan public school system in the USA, the study surveyed 297 state pre-kindergarten teachers, gathering information about their attitudes, skills, and instructional methods related to computer use. Statistically significant relationships indicate that attitudes, skills, and practice are interrelated variables. Results also suggest that aspects of teacher technology competence vary as a function of number of years teaching, role as lead or assistant teacher, home computer access, and length of in-service training. Implications for increasing training effectiveness for early childhood teachers include increasing support for classroom implementation, extending in-service training, and diversifying training to accommodate varying levels of teacher expertise.


Objective To observe the clinical tolerability and safety of Huperzine A sustained-release patch for healthy subjects.Methods Forty healthy volunteers were randomly divided into single-dose group(n=28)and multiple-dose group (n=12),and the single-dose group was divided into 5 subunits(2,4,6,9,12 mg),the multiple-dose group was divided into 2 subunits(9,12 mg).Then the adverse reactions were observed and recorded.Results The single-dose and multipledose group had 10 and 5 cases with mild adverse reactions.Conclusion Huperzine A sustained-release patch is well tolerated.The dose could be 12 mg daily in subsequent clinical studies.


ThIS special issue presents methodologically innovative w ork that advances our understanding of the relationship between cognitive performance and affect, in particular highlighting the contribution of brain to behavior. Studies investigating the effects of aging on brain anatomy and physiology suggest targeted areas which are most affected by aging, and are characterized by cerebral atrophy, synaptic loss, changes in receptor numbers and function, among other anatomical changes. These changes are likely responsible for most of the observed age-related changes in cognitive function reported in many studies of aging. Identifying precisely how these brain changes affect cognition is a formidable challenge, though new testing methodologies, along with advances in neuroimaging analysis techniques, have led to testable hypotheses and models of the link between brain and behavior. A key question in the field of cognitive aging is whether we can identify factors that can account for the considerable variability that exists in cognitive decline across normal aging individuals. For example, research shows that extensive brain atrophy and synaptic density reduction can result in dementia symptoms in some individuals, while surprisingly, others are much more resilient and asymptomatic, despite having equivalent neural degradation (Katzman et al., 1988). Such protection from dementia symptoms has been linked to elevated "cognitive reserve," defined as one's efficiency at using existing neural circuits, and/or one's flexibility in using compensatory mechanisms to accomplish cognitive tasks. Propensity for physical activity, among other factors (Stern, 2012), appears to elevate cognitive reserve. It is possible that such a stimulating environment fosters plasticity, and neurogenesis, through the production of growth factors within the brain ( h otting & Roder, 2013), and these in turn


Medical scientific community lays emphasis on the central role of psychological factors on the etiology, evolution and treatment of some somatic diseases and...


Nanofluids, consisting of nanometric particles suspended in a base fluid, have become a new alternative for improving heat management technology. Silver, which is known to exhibit pretty high electrical and thermal conductivity among metals, has been selected for this research. At present, we are focused on the study of the size- and shape-controlled synthesis conditions of silver nanocrystals in polyol media. Control of crystal size and shape at the nanoscale were achieved by suitable selection of the synthesis conditions and the presence of habit-controlling agents like chloride ions. Silver nanostructures (faceted crystals, wires, rods) were remarkable monodisperse in size and their dimension could be controlled in the 30-50nm range (particles) and 24-127nm in thickness for rods or wires.


(75l Inventors: William A. Rowe Palatine; Aes W. A color television receiver system has a cathode ray Schwartz, Deerfield, both of Ill. picture tube including an imaging faceplate having de 73) Assignee: Zenith Radio Corporation, Glenview, posits of multi-color phosphor targets thereon. The tube Ill. includes a three-beam electron gun and a color selection aperture mask having apertures in registration with the 21 Appl. No.: 963,533 targets. A beam-current-control signal is derived from (22 Filed: Nov. 24, 1978 the scansion circuit means of the receiver system; the amplitude of the signal varies monotonically as a func 51) Int. Cl. ........................ H04N 9/18; H01J 29/52, tion of the distance of the beams from the center of the H01J 29/56 faceplate. Means are provided for receiving the beam 52) U.S.C. ........................................ 358/74; 358/65; current-control signal for modulating the receiver sys 315/386 tem luminance signal with the beam-current-control 58. Field of Search ....................... 358/64, 65, 39, 74, signal, which has such characteristics that the modula 358/242,243, 168, 66-70; 315/382,383,386, 12 tion causes a predetermined gradational reduction in ND beam current as a function of the distance of the beam from the center of the faceplate. The benefits include 56) References Cited enhanced color purity and improved resolution, and U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS energy savings.


The U. S. EPA's infant market for SO2 emissions has the potential for improving the cost effectiveness of reducing acid rain pollutants. If the market works as planned, over time one should see the cost of reducing additional amounts of sulfur dioxide converge across plants. The results of the study described here demonstrate that before the market opened marginal abatement costs varied wildly across plants. This work provides estimates of the shadow price of SO2 abatement using the output distance function approach for Illinois, Minnesota and Wisconsin coal-burning electric plants. The results demonstrate that the coal-burning electric plants with the highest emissions rates are also the plants with the lowest marginal abatement costs, a fact that may explain lower-than-expected prices in the new market for allowances. The data include information about plants with installed scrubber capital allowing for an investigation of the effect of scrubber capital on marginal abatement costs.


Objective To investigate the effect of NADH-cytochrome b_5 reductase (b_5R) in the pathogenesis of sporadic goiter.Methods The activity of b_5R and the levels of H_2O_2 in thyroid were measured with potassium ferricyanide as substrate and with the homovanillic acid fluorescence assay,the effect of change of b_5R activity on the levels of H_2O_2 and formation of protein-bound iodine (PBI) were observed by the addition of b_5R inhibitor.Results The levels of H_2O_2 and PBI formation decreased with b_5R activity decreasing,inhibition of b_5R activity could inhibit generation of H_2O_2 and PBI formation.Catalase reduced PBI formation and glucose/glucose oxidase system increased PBI formation.Conclusions b_5R participates in generation of H_2O_2,deficient b_5R activity may play an important role in pathogenesis of sporadic goiter.


The microscopic morphology is recognized as one of the key factors affecting the surface flashover strength, but the effect of nanoscale morphology is rarely investigated. In this paper, a novel strategy, namely, porous structural material was presented to improve the flashover strength, and porous nylon membranes with pore diameter from 100 nm to 5000 nm were used to explore the influence of nano-scale porous morphology on the flashover strength. The regulation mechanism of porous structures on flashover performances were explored through the analysis of potential scanning, partial discharge measurement, corona and flashover optical photos. The results indicated that the flashover strength under both AC and DC voltages could be significantly improved by the porous morphology, with a maximum increment of higher than 100%. It is believed that the improved flashover strength is attributed to the combined effect of hindering collision ionization and corona stabilization of porous structures. The present research provides a new insight for improving the surface insulation performance.


An introduction to dispute resolution, David A. Anderson case selection, external effects and the trial/settlement decision, Bruce H. Kobayashi bargaining impediments and settlement behaviour, Samuel Issacharoff et al issues of informational asymmetry in legal bargaining, Amy Farmer and Paul Pecorino theoretical analysis of settlement devices, Tai-Yeong Chung empirical research on the success of settlement devices, Thomas D. Rowe Jr and David A. Anderson the structure of the legal bargaining game, W. Kip Viscusi and Robert L. Scharff risk aversion and the allocation of legal costs, James W. Hughes and Geoffrey R. Woglam the dawning of arbitration techniques, Mette H. Kurth alternative dispute resolution and the settlement gap, Gary B. Charness.


It is expedient to deliver basic blocks of sea deep-water platforms to a statement place using the specialized barges providing discharge of the basic block in conditions of regular disturbance. The results of numerical experiments of discharge of the basic block from the transport triggering barge in conditions of regular disturbance are given, and the influence of parameters of excitement ( h – wave height, λ – wave length) on change of external forces and a barge and block trim is analyzed. The possibility of discharge of the block in conditions of regular disturbance is shown; moreover, increasing the barge's speed reduces time of discharging and reduces hydrodynamic loadings on the block.


Utilizing data from the 1988-96 American National Election Studies (ANES) and the 1997 ANES Pilot Study, we will show that voters have begun to orient their political attitudes and behaviors according to their feelings toward Christian fundamentalists. This is particularly the case with antifundamentalists, the roughly one-fifth of the white nonfundamentalist public who, significantly more so than other nonfundamentalists, intensely dislike fundamentalists and who perceive members of this religious group as militantly intolerant, ideologically extreme, inegalitarian with respect to women's rights, and monolithically Republican. These associations coincided with a marked shift in the proportion of antifundamentalists who became concerned about cultural and religious issues in national political life. Multivariate analyses show that feelings toward Christian fundamentalists are now a significant predictor of relative party assessments, adverse to the Republican party. Moreover, logistic regression analyses demonstrate that antipathy toward Christian fundamentalists has become a significant explanatory variable of vote choice in recent presidential elections. Antifundamentalism today has joined ideology as a predictor of presidential vote choice, and its impact surpasses the effects of traditional economic variables, such as attitudes toward government activism and retrospective assessments of the economy. Our findings lend support to scholars who contend that the 1992 presidential election quickened or heightened cultural and religious forces that to this day structure attitudes toward the two major parties. The data attest to the power of negative religious out-group affect in shaping political perceptions, attitudes, and behavior during periods of cultural ferment


To determine the beginning and the end of precipitation events, currently conductive and optical detectors are used in the national meteorological network of Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). In a market examination seven commercially available precipitation detectors with differing measuring principles were compared: capacitive sensors: MPS RQA, Campbell RD01, and Vaisala DRD11 conductive sensors: Eigenbrodt RS85 and Kroneis Precipitation Detector optical sensors: Thies Precipitation Monitor and RLS Wacon IRSS88 All sensors were installed at the DWD test fields Wasserkuppe (950 m asl) and Hamburg-Sasel (30 m asl). Automated measurements (Laser Precipitation Monitor [LPM], Thies) were selected as intercomparison reference. Results are presented as contingency tables and thereof derived skill scores stratified by aggregate state (liquid, freezing and solid precipitation). We found some characteristic performance differences between the measuring principles of these detectors. In addition a laboratory test methodology will be presented to verify the WMO sensitivity threshold of 0.02 mm/h. For this purpose liquid particles with diameters of about 200 μm are generated and applied to the detectors.


An extensive X-ray absorption spectroscopy study has been carried out on 0.005 to 2.0 molal YBr3·6H2O aqueous solutions in liquid and glassy states to determine the solvation structure of the yttrium(III) cations in aqueous dilute and concentrate solutions. The existence of a symmetric polyhedron of water molecules around yttrium(III) cations at 2.35 A, as well as the absence of contact Y−Br ion pairs, in all of the investigated solutions was deduced from the EXAFS analysis. The existence of a multiple electron transition of nonnegligible intensity within the EXAFS region of the spectra has been proven. This transition induces an overestimation in the coordination numbers derived from the EXAFS analysis so that we have extended our study to the XANES part of the spectra. We have performed detailed computations of the XANES spectra by using a one-electron full-multiple-scattering code. This analysis shows unambiguously that the eight water molecules surround yttrium(III) cations at 2.35 A forming a symmetr...


An approach to the Capacitated Minimum Spanning Tree (CMST) problem using fuzzy clustering is described. We begin by defining the theoretical tenets of fuzzy set theory, then apply these concepts to cluster theory to form fuzzy clustering. Fuzzy clustering is founded on the premise that any element in the domain of a problem has a quantifiable measurement, called a membership grade, in the clusters that can be formed from all the elements in the domain. The membership grade is determined by a membership function.
We show, by developing an appropriate membership function for the CMST problem, how to apply the fuzzy clustering model to the network layout problem. The outgrowth of the work is the Fuzzy Partitioning Heuristic. Our experiments indicate that this heuristic is applicable in many CMST scenarios including homogeneous traffic, heterogeneous traffic and the bin-packing problem. Additionally, we show that the heuristic is competitive in computational complexity to primal-CMST algorithms and produces improved solutions over the most popular.


An architecturally singular parallel manipulator is a parallel manipulator with architectural singularities spanning the whole workspace. It should be abandoned in the design process. This paper deals with the generation of architecturally singular 6-SPS parallel manipulators with linearly related planar platforms. The forward displacement analysis of the 6-SPS parallel manipulator with linearly related planar platforms is performed at first. All the architecturally singular 6-SPS parallel manipulators with linearly related planar platforms are then generated. It is found that a 6-SPS parallel manipulator with linearly related planar platforms is architecturally singular if and only if all the spherical joints on the base (or moving platform ) are located on a conic section. At last, self-motion analysis of the architecturally singular 6-SPS parallel manipulators with linearly related planar platforms is addressed.


An acute phase of periprosthetic bone loss occurs following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Periprosthetic bone loss undermines implant support, may contribute to its failure, and complicates revision surgery as allograft may be required to replace lost bone. We assessed the effect of a single 90mg dose of the bisphosphonate pamidronate on early periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical markers of bone turnover, and clinical outcome in 47 men and women undergoing hybrid THA in a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The mean (± 95% CI) differences in BMD (area under BMD change.time curve) between those receiving pamidronate and those receiving placebo was 0.91(± 0.51) g.weeks/cm 2 for the proximal femur (P=0.002), and 0.80 (±0.60) g.weeks/cm 2 for the pelvis (P=0.009). Patients in the pamidronate group had suppression of all biochemical markers of bone turnover compared to placebo (P 0.05). Acute periprosthetic bone loss following THA is due to a transient increase in bone turnover. A single dose infusion of pamidronate in the early post-operative period significantly reduces this bone loss, and is well tolerated.


Knowledge produced by research in the fields of social sciences, psychology, law and medicine is a main ingredient in the construction of science-based knowledge on which we want to base current drug policy. This thematic issue of Contemporary Drug Problems is devoted to exploring the context of the construction of knowledge in the drugs field and to describing and analyzing recent changes in the science-- policy relationship. Large-scale processes such as Europeanization, modernization, privatization, individualization and decentralization each can contribute to changes in the context of production of knowledge. The papers in this issue show how production of knowledge and construction of evidence are influenced by these large-scale processes. We all know that interpretations and the balance of influence between different interests are important when science-based knowledge is constructed. Our aim is to give insight into how it is constructed. How is the science-policy relationship formed by institutional forces? What role has research-based knowledge played in policy-making in the drugs field? Do we see new roles in the future? The access of research-based knowledge into the construction of policy is dependent on the institutional and historical context in which this knowledge is produced. The articles present experiences from the Nordic countries, from Britain, and from the European Union. The golden triangle between the state, the citizens and the experts is constructed differently in national traditions and in international institutions. What is common is that research in the drug and alcohol fields has been quite closely tied to public administration and policy-making structures. Political changes therefore impact on the questions asked in research. When hierarchies in the political system change, the research in the drugs field changes as well. We want to elaborate on how institutional constraints determine the influence of research-based knowledge and form the process of production in itself, including the choice of methods and informants. Institutional constraints determine identification, norms and values among the participants. The questions raised in the papers can to a variable extent be tied to the processes of decentralization, Europeanization and modernization. These processes impact on ideologies and formal structures that change the context of production of knowledge. These processes are interwoven; our aim is to identify some effects of the processes and to reflect on the situation for research-based knowledge in the present context. Decentralization and the change in public health policy The dismantling of the model of centralized prevention directed toward the whole population was very clear in Nordic alcohol policy during the 1990s. Marja Holmila gives an introduction into the history of research on communitybased intervention in the wake of the political change that took place during this period. This political change represents a change in the context for production of knowledge. First, the decentralization process contributes to an increasing concentration on treatment instead of on primary prevention. At local levels, risk groups are given priority. Holmila furthermore gives an overview of the growth of the new research field that has developed as a result of the increasing activity in community-based interventions. This shift of focus from the national population to risk groups is a part of the spread of a post-addiction model, described by Robin Bunton. While Holmila identifies future needs of research on the meaning of community ties and a new understanding of the concept of prevention, Bunton points out the absence of everyday knowledge in our understanding of drug use. When the focus changes from the whole population to individual identities and preferences, there is a need for new methods and perhaps other research traditions. Decentralization is a process that goes together with an increasing focus on the individual instead of on national citizenship. …


The purpose of this article is to review and analyze domestic and foreign studies on the effectiveness of the application of preferential trade regimes. The main objective of the article is to summarize the theoretical and practical experience of using preferential trade instruments and to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of the EAEU tariff preferences system. The modern normality of international economic relations is the growth of regional trade agreements, which are used not only as instruments of economic cooperation, but also as agents of the political will of individual states. One of the manifestations of such a policy is the strengthening of foreign policy confrontation between the United States and the countries of the Middle East, which is practically reflected in the growth of economic and administrative barriers to mutual trade. Having foreign policy disagreements with Western powers served as prerequisites for strengthening the foreign economic rapprochement of these states and the EAEU member states. The optimal format for the implementation of such initiatives is the economic integration of countries through preferential agreements. The first practical step towards the implementation of this process was the signing of the agreement on a free trade zone between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the EAEU. In such a situation, improving the effectiveness of national preferential trade schemes is a priority.


A prolonged treatment of p-nitrotoluene and benzaldehyde with a sodium-hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) -benzene mixture was found to give 1-phenyl-2- (4-nitrophenyl) -ethan-1-ol (1) selectively. It was also found that the yield of (1) is sensitively affected by various factors, such as the temperature, the concentration of HMPA, and the reaction time. It may be concluded from the correlation of the yield of (1) and the conversion ratio of p-nitrotoluene that the formation of (1) results from the nucleophilic attack of the p-nitrobenzyl anion, derived from p-nitrotoluene, on the carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde.


Social return on investment is a method which moves beyond merely return on investment and captures the complex nature of benefits derived from projects which are often unquantifiable (LSE 2019). It should be noted that there are numerous definitions and interpretations of the approach: it can be interpreted as a general approach, or a specific set of standards governed by Social Value International, or even as a 'sustainable' return on investment (see Bohmholdt 2014). The Social Return on Investment Network (2012) (now Social Value International) conceptualise it as:


The limitation of resources, i.e. materials and energy, linked with increasing prices forces enterprises to operate economically with their material and energy consumption. But many companies, as experience shows, are not able to take action as they are unaware of ways to identify efficiency potentials within their production processes. This applies primarily to small and medium enterprises, where existing energy and material flow tools prove too complex and time-consuming. This paper deals with the development of a method that allows a first quick, easy and comprehensive analysis of energy and material flows within the production processes.


DESCRIBED A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING GRANULAR IBUPROFENO in a ratio of 85 to 99%, a binder in a ratio of 0.9 to 15%, and polyvinylpyrrolidone WHERE Polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a film with a portion of said binder to form agglomerates. Ibuprofen can FLUDIZARSE WITH A PORTION OF BINDER ON A fluid bed apparatus and pulverizing with an aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone DISPERSION AND THE REST OF THE BINDER. This granulation can be mixed later with additional excipients, and optionally additional ingredients PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVE DIRECT COMPRESSION FOR TABLETS.


The author found certain potential obstacles that students encounter in their listening class, which she believes should be removed by a good class teaching method. However, traditional listening class fails. She goes on to explore integrating strategies into listening class, among the many strategies she choose the prediction strategy and describes it in three stages: Pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening. Then a real model of applying prediction in listening class is given, whose effects are tested and proved efficient.


The presence of autoantibodies in individuals with SCLC may provide an early indication of disease for high-risk individuals, when the chance of successful treatment would be greatest. Percentage positivity (+ve) with 95% confidence interval (x,y) in each patient group Panel: autoantibody positivity to any one of the six antigens. *Denotes p-value relative to normal control results. *p 0.05 (Chi-squared analysis). Frequency of Autoantibodies to Tumor-Associated Antigens


The recent decline in the unemployment insurance (UI) takeup rate has puzzled researchers. Using administrative data with accurate information on the potential level and duration of benefits, we examine whether a separating employee receives UI. We find a strong positive effect of the benefit level on takeup, and smaller effects of the potential duration and the tax treatment of benefits. Simulations indicate that the recent inclusion of UI in the income tax base can account for most of the previously unexplained decline in UI receipt.


A dynamic laser light scattering system has been constructed using a personal computer. The intensity of the scattered light was detected with a photomultiplier tube and a photon counter. The BCD output of the photon counter which is proportional to the intensity of scattered light is fed into a personal computer via an interface card. The personal computer was programmed as an autocorrelator in machine language. The data acquisition rate of the system was about 600 samples/s which is adequate for studies on the molecular dynamics of concentrated polymer solutions, polymer latices with large particle size, and polymer glass systems. The constructed system was tested with polystyrene latex and the measured diameter of the latex particle agrees well with the supplier's value.


Sir I would like to comment on the article 'Blood viscosity, Raynaud's phenomenon and the effect of fibrinolytic enhancement' by M. L. Ayres, P. E. M. Jarrett, N. L. Browse (Br. J . Surg. 1981; 68: 51-4). Fibrinogen mediates red cell aggregation, which greatly increases whole blood viscosity at low shear rates (I). This explains the authors' finding of elevated whole blood viscosity in patients with scleroderma. Likewise, lowering of fibrinogen levels results in decreased whole blood viscosity (2). The fact that this could not be observed in the above study, where patients were treated with stanozolol, is probably due to the increase in haematocrit brought about by this anabolic drug. Both effects, the lowered fibrinogen and the elevated haematocrit, counteract each other in respect to blood viscosity. This is reflected in the authors' finding that the uncorrected whole blood viscosity rises and the corrected whole blood viscosity falls (Table IV) after treatment. The authors' most interesting finding of increased posttreatment hand blood flow might be interpreted as follows. The relative importance of the lowered fibrinogen levels against the increased haematocrit becomes greater with decreasing vessel diameter. This is due the inconstant haematocrit throughout the microcirculation resulting from axial migration of the red cells (3). In other words, in that part of the circulation where the flow was demonstrated to be enhanced, the positive effect of lowered fibrinogen might override the negative one of increased haematocrit, resulting in locally decreased blood viscosity which is responsible for the flow increase. This interpretation leads to the opposite conclusion from that taken by the authors: blood viscosity might play a significant role in blood flow in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. The fact that in the above study the percentage increase of viscosity by decrease of temperature was the same in patients and controls might mean that the patients did not have any pathological protein fractions, which are necessary to bring about abnormal increment of viscosity by lowered temperatures (4). The report does not mention any l ama protein changes other than fibrinogen. Such changes, [owever, might well be present in patients with Raynaud's henomenon due to other aetiology, and could explain the conkcting results in the literature ( 5 ) .


Under the background of partner selection of cooperative R&D in the virtual enterprise, the evolutionary game model of cooperative R&D in the virtual enterprise is formulated in this paper. By the simulation experiments based on Multi-Agent, we analyze the problem of partner selection of cooperative R&D. The results show that when the costs of input in R&D are equal, it's ought to choose an enterprise which will distribute the profits of R&D averagely as a partner. When the input of R&D costs is unequal, it's ought to choose an enterprise which will distribute the profits of R&D in accordance with the costs input proportion as a partner.


In this paper, a novel M‐ary pulse‐width modulation (PWM) coded optical code division multiple access (O‐CDMA) system is proposed. At the transmitter end, in order to increase the number of transmitted bits per pulse, each chip of signature sequence is further divided into M time slots to realise the M‐ary PWM signal format. Two types of detection schemes are developed, and the performance in terms of symbol error rate is analysed. In the first scheme, the correlation receiver is employed followed by an M‐level threshold detection. To enhance the multiuser interference suppression capability, we apply the chip‐level‐based diversity detection in the second scheme. Adding optical hard‐limiters at the front end of the receiver, both schemes are free from the near–far problem that is suffered severely in O‐CDMA system employing pulse‐amplitude modulation (PAM). Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed M‐ary PWM O‐CDMA system with the chip‐level receiver achieves better symbol error rate and multiuser interference mitigation capability than the correlation receiver. Moreover, the performance of the proposed M‐ary PWM O‐CDMA system is much better than the M‐ary pulse‐amplitude modulation scheme. And the complexity is substantially reduced as we compare to the existing M‐ary pulse‐position modulation O‐CDMA system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A male in his sixties underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer in August, 2002. After surgery, he underwent 4 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. About 2 years after the surgery, PET-CT detected liver metastasis and lymph node metastasis, so treatment with CPT-11+CDDP was started with the following regimen: 60 mg/m2 CPT-11 and 30 mg/m2 CDDP biweekly. Five months later, PET-CT revealed that the liver metastasis and lymph node metastasis had disappeared. After judgment of complete response(CR), we continued that treatment every four weeks for one year and every eight weeks for another one year. The patient was followed without any recurrence in January, 2007. For this case, PET-CT was effective for planning the treatment and assessing its response.


Nitration of chloro-(5,6,7,8)-4-hydroxycinnolines and the corresponding 3-carboxylic acids with nitric acid alone, and with mixed acid, has been studied. The structures of the nitro-compounds formed have been determined chemically and/or by n.m.r. measurements. With nitric acid alone the chloro-4-hydroxycinnolines gave increased amounts of the 3-nitro-derivatives. In general the direction of substitution appears to be dictated by the 1,2-diaza-grouping present in the cinnoline system, and only slightly by the chloro-substituent. Sulphonation of 5- and 8-chloro-4-hydroxycinnolines gave the corresponding 8- and 5-sulphonic acids, respectively, the structures of which were confirmed by n.m.r. studies.


This analysis has to do with 27 cases. The diagnosis in each case is based on the histologic study of tissue removed by means of the bronchoscope in the hands of Dr. Jackson or Dr. Clerf, and in one case by Dr. Tucker—by surgical means or at the autopsy table. Was-sermann and Kahn tests were made in all of the cases and were found to be positive in one. The histologic studies were made by Dr. Crawford, pathologist at the Jefferson Hospital. There was clinical and roentgenographic evidence to support the histologic diagnosis, which in each instance was malignant. More specifically, the histologic diagnosis was: carcinoma in 11; squamous-cell carcinoma in 6; carcinoma (undifferentiated) in 4; adenocarcinoma in 3; endothelioma in 1; epithelioma in 1, and one case diagnosed carcinoma from a gland removed surgically from the anterior chest wall. Crawford and Clerf have restudied all of these cases and others in the past year and have reclassified them. As a result of this review, the histologic diagnoses of th...


Fig. 4. Increased γH2AX level during MC leads to cell death. Untreated or doxorubicin (600 nM)-treated 14-3-3σ-knockout HCT116 cells were cultured and harvested at indicated time points and analysed by western blot (50 μg), comet assay and immunostaining using antibodies directed against γH2AX (green). Blots were reprobed for G3PDH to confirm an equal loading of the samples. The co-staining of nuclei was performed usingHoechst 33342 (white). (A,B) Representative confocal images showing nuclear morphology and γH2AX staining in 14-3-3σ-knockout HCT116 (A) or wild-type HCT116 (B) cells after treatment for indicated time. (C) 14-3-3σ-knockout HCT116 cells were treated for 9 hours with doxorubicin after which the culture medium was replaced and cells were grown for an additional 24, 48 and 72 hours. Immunoblots of p53, phosphorylated ATM and γH2AX are shown. (D) Doxorubicin-induced DNA damage measured by alkaline comet assay. Cells were analysed by fluorescence microscopy and scored according to tail moment. Error bars represent the mean of three independent experiments±s.e.m. Scale bar: 20 μm.


Abstract There is a need to identify and create spaces for professionals in higher education to engage religion, secularism, and spirituality in meaningful ways. #DigitalFaith resources are the digital platforms and communities supporting religious, secular, and spiritual development, and they offer potential avenues for professional development. This article highlights how digital platforms such as Facebook (e.g., NASPA's Spirituality and Religion in Higher Education Knowledge Community Facebook group) and Twitter (e.g., @JCCTweets) are being used to support student affairs administrators' professional development around topics of religion, secularism, and spirituality.


The present invention relates to a capacitive level sensor. Wherein the herein described techniques for controlling immersion in a liquid pump, wherein the pump comprises a plurality of capacitive sensors. A first capacitive sensor comprises a capacitive sensor and a second capacitive sensor disposed above the first capacitive sensor. This technique involves the use of a capacitive sensor to sense the liquid level, the pump is activated after a second capacitive sensor in a normal mode of operation liquid is detected after a first capacitive sensor no longer detects the normal mode of operation to the liquid pump is activated, detecting one or more fault capacitive sensors, and adjusting operation of the pump, to compensate for the failure of one or more capacitive sensors.


Despite the financial and value‐based implications associated with higher levels of care at discharge, few studies have evaluated modifiable treatment factors that may optimize postacute care. The aim of this work was to assess the association between operative approach and disposition to a higher level of care and other outcomes following surgery for rectal prolapse.


The article deals with the importance of national - patriotic education of schoolchildren in the institutions of tourism and educational studies and deals with the work of The Centre of national - patriotic education, tourism and local history. The analysis and the generalization of literary sources and informational sources of the Internet was carried out. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the essence and the importance of the national - patriotic education of schoolchildren. It was found that the national - patriotic education in Ukraine is the priority both for the country and for the educational system and it is one of the priority activities.
Among the various forms of educational work, which accompany the formation of general educational value of younger generation, special place belongs to the national-patriotic education.
The relevance of national - patriotic education of schoolchildren and youth is due to the processes of development and modern formation of Ukrainian society, terrible challenges, facing Ukraine at this time and demanding the further improvement of national - patriotic education.
Ukrainian State Centre of national - patriotic education, tourism and local history for student youth plays an important role in national – patriotic education of schoolchildren. The purpose of the Centre is the implementation of the state policy for the national – patriotic education of children and youth as well as the coordination of the national – patriotic education of children and youth in the education system. The Center analyzes the condition and determines the priority directions of touristic and local history work and national – patriotic education with the students in Ukraine. The main activity is national – educational direction.
The methods and the techniques of work regarding the national – patriotic education of members of the Centre are very diverse. It is complicated pedagogical process. At its core is the development of the moral feelings of schoolchildren, the education of a sense of dignity and national consciousness. The implementation of the national revival to a certain extend depends on the teachers' professional training, their ability to delve into child's world and to transfer them all the experience of the previous generations.
Out-of-school national – patriotic education is the organic component of general education system in Ukraine and it is aimed at the formation of the ideological consciousness, views and beliefs of schoolchildren and youth and gaining the skills and abilities according to their interests.


The emerging sub-field of applied theatre encompasses a wide range of pro-social 'alternative' theatre practices, but it also refers to a discursive practice that seeks to reconcile the apparently contradictory claims of the politics of egalitarian redistribution and the politics of difference. The argument in this paper is that this emerging political position reflects a contemporary turn towards the identity politics of recognition and away from political theatre's traditional concern with the 'old left' politics of redistribution. A critique of the discourse of applied theatre, based on the political philosophy of Nancy Fraser and James Tully, leads to a consideration of the potential of a new left politics of recognition and dialogue in which the processes of participation in social and artistic struggle are seen as the practice of civic dialogic freedom.


Dates of Cruise: from 02.09.2010 to 15.09.2010
Areas of Research: Physical Oceanography, Engineering
Port Calls: Ponta Delgad (Acores), Funchal (Madeira)


Taking the computational formula of the Baayenian scholars as a basis, the past and potential productivity of 15 common English suffixes are thoroughly studied. The result shows that these suffixes in general have higher productivity in English for Specific Purposes context(Maritime English Corpus) than in general English(British National Corpus). The past productivity of these 15 suffixes shows a tendency of nominal suffixesverbal suffixesadjective suffixes and a reverse tendency in terms of potential productivity in MEC.