Western Zhou Dynasty can be genenally regarded as a sovereingn state which included central kingdom(Zhongguo),Situsiguo,Duofang and Butingfang.The relation between the Dynasty and the fiedoms is basically the relation between the central gevernment and local governments. The hereditary system,the independence,and the "nine squares"system of land ownership were characteristic of the time,though they were casted aside by later generations the enfeoffment policy was significant in western Zhou's system,which played an important role in strengthening and adjusting the relation between the contral gevernment and local governments,thus it could be the key to understanding western Zhou Dynasty's state structure.


them to be essentially non-electrolytic (AM ",30 ohm-I cm2 mole-I). IR spectra (band positions in em-I) of these complexes are similar to those of 2-methylbenzothiazole complexes with other metal saltsI, confirming coordination through the nitrogen atom onlyi. In addition to the absorption bands due to coordinated 2-methylbenzothiazole the far IR spectra (Beckman IR-12) of the 1:1 Hg(II) chloride and bromide complexes with this ligand show bands at 267 in the chloro and at 207 in the bromo derivative. The frequencies of these bands are halogen-dependent and are identified as vHg-Cl and Hg-Br modes, respectively, consistent with terminal Hg-X stretching modes in HgLX2 complexesa, where L=PhaP, pyridine, pyridine-N-oxide or their ring substituted methyl or dimethyl derivatives, which are consirlered to have halogen-bridged dimeric tetraherlral structures in the solid state. Moreover, the Hg(II) chloride complex shows an additional band at 202 (but not the bromo complex) due to vHg-Cl involving bridging halogens3• The bridging Hg-Br stretching mode expected at ",150 could not be recorded with the present range of the spectrophotometer. The observed frequencies of the terminal and bridging Hg-halogen stretching modes in the 1:1 Hg(II) chloride and bromide complexes with 2-methylbenzothiazole lend support to the halogen-bridged dimeric tetrahedral structure (I) for the complexes in the solid state.


This thesis presents a search for the standard model and fermiophobic Higgs bosons produced in association with a vector boson using like-sign dilepton events collected by Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF II). This analysis uses the data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.4 fb−1. The search is characterized by minimally biased cuts which maximize the acceptance of the Higgs bosons. The numbers of expected signal events passing requirements for like-sign dilepton are 5.6 for the fermiophobic Higgs on the mass of 110 GeV/c assuming the standard model production cross section, and 1.7 for the standard model on the mass of 160 GeV/c. The expectation of background events are 696.1, while the number of observed events are 624. To discriminate signal events from backgrounds, the search employs a multivariate analysis based on boosted decision trees. There are no significant disagreements in the BDT outputs, then, upper limits at a 95% confidence level are set on σ(pp̄→V h) × B(h→WW ) for both Higgs bosons scenarios. The expected and observed limits are 5.9 and 9.2, respectively, relative to the standard model expectation for the standard model Higgs boson mass of 160 GeV/c. For the fermiophobic Higgs boson corresponding to the mass of 110 GeV/c, the expected and observed limits are 2.6 and 4.4, respectively.


Cold atom interferometer based on two-photon stimulated Raman transition has been proved to be a promising way to measure g with higher precision. In this work, we first introduce the principle of atomic interference gravimetry, including the interaction between the atoms and light, the interferometry with the Raman beams and the measure of the g. Then our gravity acceleration measurement system will be introduced, including atomic fountain, Raman system and detection system. With this device, we can get the value of the g, with the uncertainty in the order of ten minus seven.


The effect of the amount of rennet added,rennet coagulation temperature and time on the technology of rennet casein were studied.The optimal rennet coagulation processing parameters of the production of rennet casein were determined by sensory evaluation on the process of coagulation.The results showed that the coagulation temperature and time have a significant effect on rennet coagulation status of rennet casein production.The optimal conditions of rennet coagulation were: the addition of rennet was 0.078%,the temperature of coagulation was 32 ℃ and coagulation time was 28 min.The physicochemical properties of rennet casein produced under this condition were similar to those of commercial rennet casein.


Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been providing high conversion efficiency of chemical energy to electricity without any pollution. One of the major advantages of SOFC over other fuel cell is use of direct natural gas at high temperature without any external reformer. Conventional nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) composite anode provides excellent catalytic property, current collection and stability for H2 oxidation but it is not tolerant towards sulphur poisoning and also accelerates coke deposition in presence of hydrocarbon fuels. It necessitates the use of alternate anode for direct hydrocarbon fuel. In the present work, attempts have been made to apply La and Ca doped A-site deficient SrTiO3 (LSCTA-) as potential anode for direct methane SOFC. Low catalytic activity of LSCTAis improved by infiltration of Ni and CeO2 catalyst. Half cell (YSZ/4%Ni-6%CeO2-LSCTA-) provided 200 mW cm -2 maximum power density and regain its initial performance in H2 even after 6 h exposure to humidified CH4 at 800 °C.


ABSTRACT This study has investigated the fatigue and rutting performance of composite polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) asphalt mixtures with the addition of nanosilica particles (NS). In this study, a composite modified asphalt binder was prepared usingPE and PP with NS in a concentration of 1–4% by weight of bitumen. A flexural beam fatigue test using four-point flexural beam fatigue test was conducted. A Wessex wheel tracking test was also conducted to estimate the rutting deformation of the mixtures. Weibull distribution was applied to evaluate the fatigue life of the two composite mixtures at different strain levels. A parametric survival analysis was utilised to compare the reliability of the composites. Also, a Weibull failure rate function was used to fit the experimental Wessex wheel tracking rut depth results. The results showed that the fatigue life of the composite mixtures at all strain levels complied with a two-parameter Weibull distribution with a statistical coefficient of determination greater than 0.9. The survival analysis showed that the PP composites had higher reliability at all strain levels. Furthermore, a good correlation was observed between the fitted Weibull failure rate function and the experimental rut depth obtained from the Wessex wheel tracking test.


Abstract Floods in urban areas cause considerable economic losses and affect many people. Measures for flood mitigation in urban areas are primarily of an engineering character. Existing city infrastructure very often restricts the introduction of appropriate new constructions. The city of Gdańsk situated at the mouth of the Vistula River, is the most flood‐prone agglomeration in Poland. Now there are three possible flood sources. The first is from the moraine hills, in case of intensive precipitation, the second is from the Gulf of Gdańsk in case of storm surges and the third is from Vistula River in case of very high discharge or ice jam. In July 2001 a severe flash flood, arising for the first time from the moraine hills, caused by very intensive rainfall, hit Gdańsk. In the paper flood run and damages are presented. In situ measurements and hydraulic calculations were carried out to support the best technical solutions to mitigate the consequences of similar floods in the future.


in Magnitogorsk, the electricity stations in Moscow and Novgorod, and the hydropower station Dneprostoj. In addition, the company was engaged in the Suram project (railway construction) and the planning of the Moscow metro. Using detailed analysis, Lutz applies social science methods such as the new institutional economics to history. Although there are some mistakes (Hartmut Berghoff instead of Manfred Berghoff, p. 23), the dissertation presents a new view of German-Soviet economic relations between the wars.


University should correctly know the characteristics of creative talents,renew educational teaching concept,attach importance to the cultivation of students' creative spirit and practical ability,positively probe into the basic ways of implementing creative education and construct the system of it to promote the cultivation level of creative talents.


Despite political uncertainty, both at home and abroad, financial satisfaction in the USA is at its highest in almost nine years.


Forging process for a "diesel engine crankshaft" used in power plant, weighing 331 Kgs and 2000 mm length forged out of SAE 4140H steel, is designed and developed with the help of finite element based computer simulation. A commercially available software DEFORM (© Scientific Forming Technology Corporation) is used for the purpose of FEM simulation of crankshaft forging. By adopting the simulation, a single stage forging process was designed, and the underfilling problem observed in the conventional preform design solved by optimizing preform shape. The forging process was optimized to eliminate the intermediate reheating, and preforming / blocker stages of forging. Comparisons are made between the actual forging and the simulation results. The development was done as a collaborative project between ProSIM, Bangalore and Bharat Forge, Pune in India.


THIS MONTH, all journals published by the American Medical Association are dedicating their issues to articles on disease prevention and health promotion. Is your response "ho-hum"? Do you have the sensation that you are viewing yourself in a mirror? As pediatricians, we may find it hard to think critically about disease prevention and health promotion. Indeed, we pediatricians seem to assume prevention. That is, we not only take the value of preventive care as granted and true, but we have incorporated prevention into our modus operandi at such a basic level that we are identified with it. We think of ourselves as experts. Researching preventive services, which implies questioning, is almost offensive. Research might come more naturally to a specialty in which disease prevention and health promotion seem like novel ideas. However, the disease prevention and health promotion responsibilities we are assigning ourselves, as illustrated by Bright Futures: National


The current document generates a study about the housing subsidies granted to people who meet the requirements established by the Colombian government. The actions taken are highlighted so that the budgets established in the government plans especially the first term of Juan Manuel Santos, additionally it presents a panorama of the positive and negative impacts to the economy of the country caused with the figure of conditioned aid subsidies, additionally recommendations are given on how to correct the actions that do not allow full compliance with the budgeted in the government plan for the presidential period mentioned above.


Is it required to have theoretical model of company law of a country? Can the perfections in domestic company law [read corporate governance within it] be developed based on the experience of other countries or there is the need to have indigenous model suitable for country's business practice? The objectives of the present company law bill, 2009 have been drawn with high aspiration and theoretical plane to achieve sustained inclusive growth in the country. JPC has opined that companies are the preferred vehicle of development. But the question is, does the present bill provide perfect structural model of futuristic company law which will drive the country's growth pattern and converge with international standards of compliance.


Design generation has been the traditional culmination of computational design theory in architecture. Motivated either by programmatic and functional complexity (as in space allocation) or by the elegance and power of representational analyses (shape grammars, rectangular arrangements), research has produced generative systems capable of producing new designs that satisfied certain conditions or of reproducing exhaustively entire classes (such as all possible Palladian villas), comprising known and plausible new designs. Most generative systems aimed at a complete spatial design (detailing being an unpopular subject), with minimal if any intervention by the human user / designer. The reason for doing so was either to give a demonstration of the elegance, power and completeness of a system or simply that the replacement of the designer with the computer was the fundamental purpose of the system. In other words, the problem was deemed either already resolved by the generative system or too complex for the human designer. The ongoing democratization of the computer stimulates reconsideration of the principles underlying existing design generation in architecture. While the domain analysis upon which most systems are based is insightful and interesting, jumping to a generative conclusion was almost always based on a very sketchy understanding of human creativity and of the computer's role in designing and creativity. Our current perception of such matters suggests a different approach, based on the augmentation of intuitive creative capabilities with computational extensions. The paper proposes that architectural generative design systems can be redirected towards design exploration, including the development of alternatives and variations. Human designers are known to follow inconsistent strategies when confronted with conflicts in their designs. These strategies are not made more consistent by the emerging forms of design analysis. The use of analytical means such as simulation, couple to the necessity of considering a rapidly growing number of aspects, means that the designer is confronted with huge amounts of information that have to be processed and integrated in the design. Generative design exploration that can combine the analysis results in directed and responsive redesigning seems an effective method for the early stages of the design process, as well as for partial (local) problems in later stages. The transformation of generative systems into feedback support and background assistance for the human designer presupposes re-orientation of design generation with respect to the issues of local intelligence and autonomy. Design generation has made extensive use of local intelligence but has always kept it subservient to global schemes that tended to be holistic, rigid or deterministic. The acceptance of local conditions as largely independent structures (local coordinating devices) affords a more flexible attitude that permits not only the emergence of internal conflicts but also the resolution of such conflicts in a transparent manner. The resulting autonomy of local coordinating devices can be expanded to practically all aspects and abstraction levels. The ability to have intelligent behaviour built in components of the design representation, as well as in the spatial and building elements they signify, means that we can create the new, sharper tools required by the complexity resulting from the interpretation of the built environment as a dynamic configuration of co-operating yet autonomous parts that have to be considered independently and in conjunction with each other.   P.S. The content of the paper will be illustrated by a couple of computer programs that demonstrate the princples of local intelligence and autonomy in redesigning. It is possible that these programs could be presented as independent interactive exhibits but it all depends upon the time we can make free for the development of self-sufficient, self-running demonstrations until December.


This paper examines the career of Charles Macklin of London, an 18th-century actor/director/teacher, whose treatise on his performative approach and pedagogical techniques, "On the Science of Acting," was lost at sea in a 1772 shipwreck. Citing two letters Macklin received from his actress daughter, Maria, and fragments of his own accounts as well as contemporary comments, the paper considers what might have been included in his lost treatise. The first part discusses Macklin's acting--he was on the stage for nearly 70 years and is credited with anticipating Garrick in developing a more natural acting style. According to the paper, his portrayal of Shylock in "The Merchant of Venice" was probably his best role; Alexander Pope is known to have exclaimed: "This is the Jew that Shakespeare drew." The second part discusses Macklin's pedagogy, noting that at every stage of his career he taught acting. The paper quotes remarks from his students which confirm that his teaching was like his personality--kindly but "no nonsense." It states that Macklin began by ridding his students of all formality and artificiality of manner, and when he felt the student was able to achieve a "naturalism" in his delivery, then Macklin had the performer "accommodate techniques to the requirements of the play." The paper also examines Macklin as a director. It concludes that, through personal example and his students, Charles Macklin had a pervasive influence on the mid-18th century trend toward a more natural acting style. Contains a picture of Macklin and a 22-item bibliography. (NKA) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************************************************


The fractal dimension is an important fractal geology parameter for describing the characters of fractal space distribution of a complex dimension body.The fault system of structural horizon in Hongliu area was taken as a plane set to be studied with the fractal dimension.According to the fracture characters of the different structural horizons,the studied area was divided into three sub regions including Kendong fault block,Kenli fault block and Kendong 6 fault block.The fractal dimensions of fault systems in the structural horizons during three periods of T_6,T_2 and T_1 in each area were calculated.The researched result shows that the fractal dimension of the fault system can indicate the development degree of fractures to a certain extent and can be used to study fracture system being as an assistant method.


ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effects of bacterial inoculation (Lactobacillus plantarum) and cutting height on the chemical composition, fermentation characteristics and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in whole crop barley silage. Barley forage (Youngyang hybrid) was harvested at about 27% of dry matter (DM) level at two different cutting height (5 vs. 15 cm). And it was chopped to 5 cm length and treated with or without L. plantarum. Four replicates of each treatment were ensiled into 10 L mini silo (3 kg) for 100 days. After 100 days, bacterial inoculation decreased(p=0.001) DM content, while increased cutting height increased (p=0.002) DM in uninoculated silage. Crude protein (CP) concentration was decreased by increasing height in uninoculated silage (8.84 vs. 8.16) but increased in inoculated silage (8.19 vs. 8.99). Both neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p<0.011) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p<0.004) were decreased by increasing cutting height of forage at harvest. The IVDMD and ammonia-N was increased (p=0.001) by increasing cutting height and inoculation, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was increased(p=0.002) in inoculated silage, but yeast count was decreased (p=0.026) in uninoculated silages. It is concluded that increased cutting height of forage at harvest could be useful to make a fibrous portion with increase of dry matter digestibility of silages.(


Objective To evaluate the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in distinguishing brain abscesses from cystic or necrotic brain tumors. Methods Six cases of brain abscesses and 13 cases of brain tumors (8 gliomas, 5 metastases) were examined using conventional MRI and DWI. The DWI was performed using a 1.5T system, single-shot spin-echo echo-planar pulse sequence with b=1000 s/mm2, b=0 s/mm2. Meanwhile, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of region of interest were measured. The results were analyzed using two-independent-samples test. Results Five cases of brain abscess showed high signal intensity on DWI, the ADC value was (0.33±0.11)×10-3mm2/s. Twelve cases of cystic or necrotic brain tumors showed low signal intensity on DWI, and the ADC value was (2.46±0.49)×10-3mm2/s. Conclusion DWI provides valuable information for differentiating brain abscesses from cystic or necrotic brain tumors, it is helpful to improve the diagnostic accuracy.


The project to conceptualize the Urban Solid Waste Treatment Complex in the town of San Andrés de Machaca, has been designed to give final disposal to common solid waste and hospital waste generated in the urban area and part of the rural area, in addition to taking advantage of organic waste through the generation of compost, additionally contemplates the recovery of part of the potentially recyclable materials, which will be carried out in a recycling plant that will be located inside the complex. The proposed and requested design is intended not as a final disposal site, but rather as a complex that integrates all the units in order to take advantage of solid waste, so that in the long term the common waste cell reduces the waste it receives. and thereby increase its useful life.


Notably, the performances were both nuanced and filmic. Physical proximity to the dramatic action allowed us to appreciate the actors' subtle intakes of breath and shifts in their gazes. This restrained approach added to the savagery of the domestic scenes. It became clear how attuned this family was to the symptoms of Mary's addiction and to the habitual slights among them. The fine calibration among the actors was impressive: as an example, Christie Williams, as James Tyrone, portrayed his character's manipulation and staginess in conversational ways rather than bombastic ones. The cast's attentiveness to one another fostered a sense of familial interdependency and dysfunction.


Deep learning methods have shown their marvel performance on hyperspectral image (HSI) classification tasks. In particular, algorithms based on convolution neural network (CNN) outperformed most of the conventional machine learning-based algorithms and have become the mainstream of the current HSI classification research works. Recently, a newly proposed neural network called capsule network (CapsNet) showed its potential to replace the CNNs in various classification tasks with its amazing performance. In this letter, we proposed a new network architecture based on the CapsNet for HSI classification tasks, called dual-channel capsule network (DCCapsNet). Our DCCapsNet model extracts the features from spectral and spatial domains, respectively, with two separate convolution channels and then concatenates and feeds them into the following capsule layers to classify each of the HSI pixels. The model was trained and validated on four real HSI data sets and achieved high accuracy. We also compared our network with some of the state-of-the-art models and found that our model outperformed these competitor models.


Different energy requirements of the residential sector are varied, such as electricity, heating, cooling, water, etc., and these necessities are met by multi-energy systems using various energy sources and converters. In this paper, an optimal day-ahead operation of a large residential demand sector is presented based on the energy hub (EH) model with combined heat and power (CHP) as a cogeneration system. The purpose of the optimization is to maximize social welfare (SW) and minimize environmental emissions subjected to numerous technical constraints. To explore the effectiveness of the proposed model, real cases were studied and results were analyzed. Moreover, to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methodology, the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) is implemented for optimizing the EH system. The performance of the AOA is compared with the genetic algorithm, and the results depict that the AOA is better in terms of convergence speed and global search ability. Implementation of the proposed framework shows that the total SW is increased by 27.44% and environmental emissions are reduced by 18.36% compared to the base case without the EH. Additionally, there is 512.26 MWh and 149.4 m3 as a surplus in the electricity and water that are sold to every network, respectively.


In Met . 1.588-746 Ovid reworked and expanded his own earlier rendering of the Ios myth found in Epist. 14.85-108. In the Metamorphoses line 1.638 should not be deleted. The Metamorphoses passage was the model for Orpheus' song in Val. Fl. 4, where influence of Vergil can be detected as well.


This study was conducted at the EMBRAPA's research unit. UEPAE/CASCATA, Pelotas, RS in the 1977/1978 growing season. The objective was to correlate different levels of soil moisture to the yield and quality (size and percentage of soluble solids) of peach ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsh) fruits. The treatments used were: no irrigation (control) irrigated when the soil moisture reached 20, 40, 60 and 80 percent of the available water to the plants. Soil moisture was determined by the gravimetric method. The irrigations were applied by furrow infiltration. Irrigation at the 40% level of available water may increase number, total weight, mean weight, diameter and percentage of first quality fruits; there was no change in the percentage of soluble solids.


Objective:To explore the effect of setting safety management nurses on reducing accidents in the neurological departments.Methods:A nurse in each of the neurology ward was chosen and in charge of the patient safety management after training.Results:After setting patient safety management nurses,the incidence of patient accidents significantly decreased,the patients' satisfaction improved,and the complaints reduced.Conclusion:Setting patient safety management nurses in neurology wards can improve nurses' awareness and abilities to prevent accidents,and improve nursing service quality.


Objective : Pain, an unpleasant sensation that we all experience in daily life, is an alert mechanism to prevent impending tissue injury. The animal models employed for screening of analgesic agents include pain-state models based on the use of thermal, mechanical electrical and chemical stimuli. This study was undertaken with an objective to design, develop and fabricate a new animal model for screening analgesics. Methods : In the present study, a humble attempt is made to develop a new animal model for screening analgesics overcoming the limitations of earlier models. The utility of the newly developed laboratory model (M-model) of pain was compared with already established models. Results: A simple laboratory model for screening of analgesics was developed in the present study. In this study, endurance time was defined as the time for which, the animals were able to endure the cold surface of ice-floor. The animals assumed a flinching posture and fled to M-Zone when they were unable to withstand the cold surface. Endurance time was significantly and consistently enhanced by different classes of analgesic agents such as pentazocine, butorphanol, tramadol, diclofenac, ketoprofen and meloxicam. The findings obtained using M-model was in line with those obtained using already established models. Conclusion : An effective animal model for screening analgesics overcoming the limitations of earlier models was developed in this study. This model showed excellent face and predictive validity. Keywords: Pain, Analgesics, Cold stimuli, M-model, Flinching posture, Endurance time


Aiming at the problem of over training in hydrologic research using artificial neural networks (ANNs)and considering the composition of training samples, two new learning strategies were presented, i. e, optimizeddetecting method and weighted detecting method. The former chooses the optimal training data after comparingthe validation sets. The latter endues the different sets with different weights in order to get a final validationoutcome. The application of the two new methods at Zipingpu Hydrographic Station on Minjiang River upstreamindicates that they can resolve the problem of over-training effectively.


STUDY OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to determine whether moderate reduction in regional myocardial blood flow is related to epicardial ST segment depression and to the changes in grade and extent induced in this variable by antianginal drugs.

DESIGN
Blood flow through the anterior descending coronary artery was reduced to 25-30% of control in open chest dogs, using a cuff flow meter as a monitor, and glyceryl trinitrate, propranolol and nifedipine were infused 60 min later. Regional left ventricular blood flow was measured with 15 mu radioactive microspheres and electrocardiograms were recorded from the epicardial surface of the anterior left ventricular wall before and after administration of the drugs.

EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECTS
20 adult male greyhounds were used, weighing 19-24 kg.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Under control conditions there was a poor correlation between ST segment depression and regional flow. Neither glyceryl trinitrate nor nifedipine had any significant effect on ST segment depression in sites overlying zones with a flow range of 80-105% of normal flow. On the other hand, glyceryl trinitrate, but not nifedipine, decreased ST segment depression in sites overlying the central ischaemic zone (35-80% of control posterior wall flow). With propranolol, mean ST depression was decreased significantly in sites overlying the central ischaemic zone (35-80% of control flow), but not in sites overlying zones with flows ranging from 80-105% of normal. Propranolol reduced blood flow to all zones.

CONCLUSIONS
Epicardial ST segment depression is unreliable for the quantitative exploration of the grade and extent of myocardial ischaemia.


Commercial quantities and quality of organic amendments are increasingly becoming available for use in horticultural industries. Generally, feedstocks such as; biosolids (sewage sludge), municipal solid wastes (MSW), yard wastes, and food scraps are blended in an array of mixtures to create a compost of sufficient quality that can be used as a soil amendment. Composts have been utilized as a partial substitute for inorganic fertilizer, biological weed control in crop alleyways, and as an alternative to polyethylene covers of raised beds in vegetable crop production systems. Heavy metal content, pathogens, phytotoxicity, and application equipment have been reported as limitations to compost utilization. However, in many investigations, compost utilized as a soil amendment has resulted in higher marketable yields or fruit quality as compared with those from standard vegetable crop commercial practices.


Student teaching evaluations (STEs) are increasingly used in the process of determining promotion and tenure. While most research has focused on career consequences, there has been little inquiry into the remarks students write at the end of the evaluation form. The structure of the collection process, involving emotional arousal and anonymity in a group situation, may induce a state of deindividuation, which allows students to write cruel remarks and morally disengage from the consequences of their actions. Such behavior may also reflect more general student attitudes toward their education—specifically, the current cultural student-as-consumer metaphor. This paper describes a small pilot study examining such cruel remarks and proposes some changes in the process of collection of these ratings. Theoretical and empirical perspectives from disciplines such as behavioral economics, psychology and sociology, education, rhetoric and composition, ethics, and public policy may be helpful in further understanding this phenomenon.


I derived the size dependence of distribution function for classic, boson, and fermion assemblies. I did not use the Stirling approximation so that deviation contributed by this approximation at small number of particles can be avoided. I identified that the size dependence of the distribution function is contained in the fermi energy or chemical potential. My results seem to match few reports on the dependence of fermi energy or chemical potential on particle size of several nanometer sized materials


Particle flux variations associated with low-frequency hydromagnetic waves have been examined by using Ogo 5 data obtained with the Lockheed ion mass spectrometer, the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory electron and proton spectrometers, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) energetic electron spectrometers, and the UCLA flux gate magnetometer. It was found that quasi-periodic perturbations in the thermal ion (E ≤ 600 eV), energetic electron (E ≥ 50 keV), and proton (E ≥ 100 keV) fluxes were usually associated with the occurrence of Pc 5 waves in the region of L = 6–11. Amplitudes of perturbations in the ion density, inferred from the assumption that the ambient cold plasma was at rest, often reached 10–50 ions/cm³. The ion density variations were usually found to be either 90° or 270° out of phase with the magnetic perturbations. It is concluded that these large apparent perturbations of ion density are attributable to drift velocity variations of the ambient plasma induced by hydromagnetic waves. From the phase differences between the thermal particle flux and the magnetic field variations it is argued that the time-averaged Poynting flux of Pc 5 waves along the ambient magnetic field is approximately zero; this indicates that Pc 5 waves are standing waves along the field line. Flux modulations of the energetic electrons and protons are more complicated than those of the thermal ions. The relative phase of the variations is often found to depend on the energy of the particles. We have found that the proton modulations are usually larger in the morning than in the afternoon, while electron modulations dominate in the afternoon. This fact is consistent with an azimuthal phase velocity of the Pc 5 waves directed from noon to midnight in both the morning and the afternoon and indicates that drift motions of energetic particles can interact strongly with the oscillations of field lines; these observations are consistent with the energy source of the Pc 5 oscillations originating mainly from the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause as suggested in recent theories.


Due in large part to changes in land management practices, eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.), a native Kansas conifer, is rapidly invading onto valuable rangelands. The suppression of fire and increase of intensive grazing, combined with the rapid growth rate, high reproductive output, and dispersal ability of the species have allowed it to dramatically expand beyond its original range. Based on its abundance and invasive nature there is a growing interest in harvesting this species for use as a biofuel. For economic planning purposes, density and biomass quantities for the trees are needed. Three methods are explored for mapping eastern redcedar and quantifying its biomass in Riley County, Kansas. First a comparison of plotregression versus individual tree based techniques is conducted to determine the optimal approach for characterizing redcedar tree canopy using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). Second a hybrid approach is utilized to characterize redcedar canopy biomass using LiDAR and high-resolution multispectral imagery. Finally, to explore alternative methods of characterizing the three-dimensional structure of redcedar canopy a comparison of "Structure from Motion" photogrammetric techniques and LiDAR is conducted. These methods showed promising results and proved to be useful in the forestry, range management, and bioenergy industries for better understanding the potential of invasive redcedar as a biofuel resource.


The training programme is presented carried out by the ALTXA-SEPYPNA Association for training in psychopathology and psychotherapy for children and adolescents. The programme is structured in order to provide continuous training over three years. The students who underwent the training were very satisfied and the teachers made every effort to perform the teaching as best possible with the  available resources, which could be considered as adequate (or we could even say excellent) in relation to those existing in other places in the Spanish state.


Red rot, caused by Colletotrichum falcatum Went, is one of the most important diseases of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). The pathogen shows a great diversity in virulence as a number of pathotypes are known to occur in nature. In the present study, the toxin producing ability and genetic variability among isolates of C. falcatum collected from major sugarcane growing areas of Tamil Nadu, India were analysed. The C. falcatum isolates differed significantly in their ability to produce toxin in vitro. The toxin from C. falcatum isolate Cf 671a induced the maximum electrolyte leakage (300 μS) from sugarcane leaf tissues. The genetic relatedness of the isolates of C. falcatum differing in toxin production potential was investigated by using RAPD analysis. Analysis of the genetic coefficient matrix derived from the scores of RAPD profiles showed that minimum and maximum percent similarities among the tested C. falcatum isolates were in the range of 19 to 95% respectively. The phylogenetic analysis by the UPGMA identified two main clusters. Cluster A contains only one isolate (Cf 98061) and all the other isolates were placed in Cluster B confirming high genetic diversity among the isolates. No correlation was observed between clustering of the C. falcatum isolates in the dendrogram and their toxin producing abilities.


Objective The therapeutic strategies of severe brain injury are discussed. Methods A total of76 patients with severe brain injury admitted to our hospital between June 2003 and June 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 76 cases,22 got generally recovery or moderately disabled( 29%),10 were severely disabled( 13%),and 44 died( 58%). Conclusion The outcome of patients with severe brain injury can be improved by early diagnosis,clear airway,standard decompressive craniectomy,maintenance of homeostasis,and prevention of complications such as brain infarction,central hyperthermia and gastrointestinal bleeding.


Distributions of input variables of a limit-state function are required for reliability analysis. The distribution parameters are commonly estimated using samples. If some of the samples are in the form of intervals, the estimated distribution parameters may also be given in intervals. Traditional reliability methodologies assume that interval distribution parameters are independent, but as shown in this study, the parameters are actually dependent since they are estimated from the same set of samples. This study investigates the effect of the dependence of distribution parameters on the accuracy of reliability analysis results. The major approach is numerical simulation and optimization. This study indicates that the independent distribution parameter assumption makes the estimated reliability bounds wider than the true bounds due to interval samples. The reason is that the actual combination of the distribution parameters may not include the entire box-type domain assumed by the independent interval parameter assumption. The results of this study not only reveal the cause of the inaccuracy of the independent distribution parameter assumption, but also demonstrate a need of developing new reliability methods to accommodate dependent distribution parameters.


A sample survey of any magnitude usually involves at least one stage of cluster sampling. Most often inherent to this type of design are correlated observations. These correlations are dependent, for example, on how the data is classified. If, say, only cluster means or totals, or some combination of them, are to be used as observations, then the correlations will be zero. However, if units from the same cluster are contained in different observations then non -zero correlations will probably exist. Also inherent to large surveys is the problem of inequality of variance -many times extreme inequality. Surveys such as those conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics and the Bureau of the Census yield data of this type.


Based on the resulting Lax pairs of Broer-Kaup system, a new Darboux transformation with multi-parameters is derived with the help of a gauge transformation of spectral problem. From a trivial seed, by using Darboux transformation, the generalized odd-soliton solutions of Broer-Kaup system are given.


A reconfigurable digital bridge for calibrations of four terminal-pair defined impedance standards in the whole complex impedance plane by means of fully digital (FD) operation of the bridge and for R-R and C-C calibrations by means of involvement of reference inductive voltage divider (IVD) in digitally assisted (DA) configuration have been built during last years. For the bridge purposes, a high accuracy digital voltage sources operating in audio frequency range with full isolation between modules and with battery operation mode were developed. Together with coaxial switches with negligible crosstalk between channels, voltage sources form a base for full automation of the calibration process. The bridge was tested in both FD and DA configurations. Depending on the configuration, different relative accuracy of measurements can be achieved in the range from few parts in 108 to few parts in 105.


As a kind of wettable cathode for aluminum reduction cells,the titanium diboride coating cathode has excellent sodium penetration resisting and aluminum wettability,so can effectively prolong the cell life.The carbon fiber is the main reinforcer for titanium diboride coating material,and greatly influence the properties of titanium diboride coating cathode.In this paper,carbon fiber is trated with the surface liquid phase oxidation method,and its effect on the tensile strength and bond strength of titanium diboride coating cathode is investigated.The content of surface oxygen-containing groups on the treated the carbon fiber is analyzed with FTIR,and its effect on the properties of titanium diboride coating is discussed,to effectively improve the tensile strength and bond strength of titanium diboride coating cathode.The results show that the surface treatment process(1) (oxidized in 10%HNO-3 at 80℃ for 5min,and ultrasonic treated for 5min) is the most reasonable one.The carbon fiber surface treated with it has the most oxygen-containing groups and the titanium diboride coating cathode prepared with obtained carbon fiber has tiptop tensile strength and bond strength.


The article presents a review of scientific works on problems of perinatal care for pregnant women with first-time benign ovarian tumors during this pregnancy. Our interest in these issues is due to the increasing frequency of detection of benign ovarian neoplasms during pregnancy in Ukraine. Diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms during pregnancy is aimed at establishing the nature of this formation (benign or malignant) in order to develop individual tactics for managing this pregnancy. The review of the scientific literature describes the frequency with which ovarian cysts occur during pregnancy and their possible varieties. The histological classification of neoplasms and ovarian cysts is one of the most important because it reflects the understanding of pathogenesis, molecular genetic and biological features of each pathology. Diagnosis and verification of ovarian cysts on the background of pregnancy is a difficult task, since there are limitations in the application of the necessary diagnostic methods, the pathology is characterized by asymptomatic course or clinical manifestations. Possible variants of the diagnostic examination are presented and described in detail, which includes ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging with intravenous amplification. Ovarian cysts are usually diagnosed accidentally in the first trimester of pregnancy. Sonographic examination in early pregnancy increased the incidence of cystic ovarian lesions. The timing of surgery and its possible options: laparoscopic or laparotomy are detailed. The advantages and disadvantages of both options are given. All of the above dictates the need for adherence to the principle of multidisciplinarity and continuity between gynecologists, oncologists, and family physicians in managing this contingent of patients, with a view to timely detection and adequate surgical treatment of neoplasms.


This special issue of Comparative American Studies, titled Age(ing) in America, began life at a symposium, hosted by the University of East Anglia in September 2021. The Age in America symposium, akin to this special issue, sought to illuminate the ways in which constructions of age function as vectors of power and inequality across American culture, and their presence in American literature, film, television and music. As we headed into the second academic year to be affected by the COVID pandemic, contributors from the UK and across the world communed online to share work that examined cultural constructions of age and their intersections with race, gender and sexuality. This special issue brings together innovative, interdisciplinary articles from several of the symposium's contributors. Varied in focus across a range of media, genres and time periods, these articles demonstrate age to be an urgent, rich subject of analysis for our field of American studies. Critical examination of age and ageing reveals these features of lived experience to be elusive to define and represent, politically charged and in constant dialogue with shifting expectations of youth, adulthood and old age. Indeed, despite sometimes positioned as synonymous, age and ageing constitute two entangled yet distinct concepts whose cultural connotations are camouflaged in language of biological inevitability and essentialism. The difference in name between the original symposium and this special issue speaks to this interrelatedness and difference, and highlights the contributors' engagement with either or both of these subjects. 'Age' speaks to distinct points across an individual's life, expressed through age categories such as 'child' or 'adult' and the number of years celebrated at a latest birthday. 'Ageing', meanwhile, is the process of moving through these distinct points. As Elizabeth Barry and Margery Vibe Skagen highlight, ageing is 'a moving target: a process of continuous biological and biographical change rather than a discrete object of attention' (Barry and Skagen 2020, 1). While still recognising the biological impacts of time passing on the human body, critical study of age and ageing delineates the cultural meanings constructed around and attached to age stages and growing old(er) in specific geographical and temporal contexts. Since the late twentieth century, critical interest in problematising age and ageing has become evident in a number of disciplines and fields. As evidenced early on by Simone de Beauvoir's phenomenological, deconstructionist Coming of Age (1970, with the English translation published in 1996), some of the most significant, consistent examinations of


Light cellular materials are increasingly used in many engineering applications due to several attractive properties including heat and mass transfer enhancement, low pressure drop compared to packed bed of spheres. It is therefore important to simulate the complex and unsteady flows by reliable numerical methods to determine intrinsic macroscopic hydraulic properties on actual foam structures. The approach of numerical simulations at pore scale has become popular criterion with the development of high performance computational power. Numerical studies based on a type of Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) were performed in the present work. Another kinetic method than LBM has been explored. A vector kinetic method is proposed which has the advantage of being non-diffusive, explicit, parallel, and use only physical variables instead of discrete velocity. The proposed numerical method is validated against experimental and numerical permeability data obtained on idealized isotropic idealized as well as real foam samples.


A successful phishing attack is prelude to various other severe attacks such as login credentials theft, unauthorized access to user's confidential data, malware and ransomware infestation of victim's machine etc. This paper proposes a real time lightweight machine learning based security framework for detection of phishing attacks through analysis of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). The proposed framework initially extracts a set of highly discriminating and uncorrelated features from the URL string corpus. These extracted features are then used to transform the URL strings into their corresponding numeric feature vectors, which are eventually used to train various machine learning based classifier models for identification of malicious phishing URLs. Performance analysis of the proposed security framework on two well known datasets: Kaggle dataset and UNB dataset shows that it is capable of detecting malicious phishing URLs with high precision, while at the same time maintain a very low level of false positive rate. The proposed framework is also shown to outperform other similar security frameworks proposed in the literature.121https://www.kaggle.com/antonyj453/ur1dataset2https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/ur1-2016.htm1


Abstract An analysis of energy utilization during TIG welding process has been reported in this paper. Fifteen samples of three different diameters of pipe pieces of ASTM A 106 Gr. B, seamless type and API 5LS Gr. B, spirally welded type, are selected for experimentation. The temperatures on the external surface at different locations on each of these seamless pipes (of different diameters) during welding have been measured with the help of electronic pyrometers. The amount of total electrical energy input during welding has been recorded in the wattmeter. The convection and radiation energy losses, that take place from the surface of the pipe piece, have also been determined by using suitable mathematical expressions developed for the purpose. An overall energy balance is carried out taking into account the convection heat loss, the radiation heat loss and the unaccounted loss, for each sample. Then the variation of the ratio of the percentage of unaccounted energy loss to total weld energy input against total weld energy input has been plotted. From the graphs it is seen that with increase in diameter of the pipe and with rise in total weld energy input, the percentage unaccounted energy loss gradually decreases.


An up to date review of processing, characterization and main properties of the ferroelectric complex bismuth oxides belonging to the so-called Aurivillius phases family is given. Processing aspects involved powder preparation by solid state reaction of oxides, in molten salts synthesis and sol-gel route. Bulk ceramic materials could be fabricated either by conventional sintering or more specifically by hot forging. The sol-gel technique, which allows to easily prepare thin films with controlled homogeneity, thickness and composition, is briefly described and applied to these materials. An overview of the principal dielectric properties is presented and focussed on the ferroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics of bulk ceramics. Some properties of ferroelectric thin films, which are very good candidates for the fabrication of ferroelectric memories, are given. Future applications of these materials are set out.


The main topic of this thesis is the analysis of static and dynamic models in which some variables, although directly influencing the behavior of certain observables, are not accessible to measurements. These models find applications in many branches of science and engineering, such as control systems, communications, natural and biological sciences and econometrics. It is well-known that models with unaccessible - or latent - variables, usually suffer from a lack of uniqueness of representation. In other words, there are in general many models of the same type describing a given set of observables say, the measurable input-output variables. This is well-known and has been well-studied for a special class of linear models, called state-space models. In this thesis we shall focus on two particular classes of stochastic systems with latent variables: the generalized factor analysis models and errors-in-variables models. For these classes of models there are still some unresolved issues related to non-uniqueness of the representation and clarifying these issues is of paramount importance for their identification. Since mathematical models usually need to be estimated from experimental data, solving the non-uniqueness problem is essential for their use in statistical inference (system identification) from measured data.


Abstract Excavations in the Western Mound at this prehistoric Hopi pueblo provide 13 adjacent columns of refuse in masonry rooms which yielded 21,569 painted sherds. Stratigraphic analysis of these ceramic profiles has resulted in a relative chronology of five color classes of locally made painted pottery which will serve as a control for future ceramic studies at the site. Black-onwhite, black-on-orange, and orange-paste polychrome were made from about A.r>. 1200 to 1300 when they were abruptly replaced by black-on-yellow and yellow-paste polychrome. The differences between trash deposited in rooms and that dumped in the open, the anomalies of sherd and vessel quantities, and the well documented nature of this large sherd collection make possible observations on the problems of stratigraphic interpretation. Numerical comparison of painted sherds with vessels restored from them demonstrates the hazards of interpretation based solely on limited sherd samples. The fact that one of the rooms produced a sequence exactly the reverse of the situation in the other 12 rooms emphasizes the need for more extensive testing in room blocks than in trash dumps. Restoration of vessels from sherds found at different levels in different rooms shows the inadequacy of chronological inference based on stratigraphic position of unassembled sherds.


A method for compiling quantum algorithms into specific braiding patterns for non-Abelian quasiparticles described by the so-called Fibonacci anyon model is developed. The method is based on the observation that a universal set of quantum gates acting on qubits encoded using triplets of these quasiparticles can be built entirely out of three-stranded braids (three-braids). These three-braids can then be efficiently compiled and improved to any required accuracy using the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm.


: Hyperspectral image classification is an emerging and interesting research area that has attracted several researchers to contribute to this field. Hyperspectral images have multiple narrow bands for a single image that enable the development of algorithms to extract diverse features. Three-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (3D-DWT) has the advantage of extracting the spatial and spectral information simultaneously. Decomposing an image into a set of spatial–spectral components is an important characteristic of 3D-DWT. It has motivated us to perform the proposed research work. The novelty of this work is to bring out the features of 3D-DWT applicable to hyperspectral images classification using Haar, Fej é r-Korovkin and Coiflet filters. Three-dimensional-DWT is implemented with the help of three stages of 1D-DWT. The first two stages of 3D-DWT are extracting spatial resolution, and the third stage is extracting the spectral content. In this work, the 3D-DWT features are extracted and fed to the following classifiers (i) random forest (ii) K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and (iii) support vector machine (SVM). Exploiting both spectral and spatial features help the classifiers to provide a better classification accuracy. A comparison of results was performed with the same classifiers without DWT features. The experiments were performed using Salinas Scene and Indian Pines hyperspectral datasets. From the experiments, it has been observed that the SVM with 3D-DWT features performs better in terms of the performance metrics such as overall accuracy, average accuracy and kappa coefficient. It has shown significant improvement compared to the state of art techniques. The overall accuracy of 3D-DWT+SVM is 88.3%, which is 14.5% larger than that of traditional SVM (77.1%) for the Indian Pines dataset. The classification map of 3D-DWT + SVM is more closely related to the ground truth map.


Constructing IMRSs from asset market data has an advantage, that is we need not rely on troublesome consumption data. When we observe a subset of the market, however, there are two problems. First, the constructed IMRSs may not price the other assets. Second, we may also end up insufficient number of factors. These two difficulties lead to mis-pricing of APT. We find an IMRS constructed from only stock market data does not price the Government long-maturity bonds. Using both the stock returns and the one-month Treasury bill returns, this mispricing
disappears. We also find that five factors extracted from both the stock returns and the Treasury bill return satisfies the condition for
APT implied by the Euler equation.


The thin-film organic solar cells (OSCs) are currently one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies to effectively harvest the solar energy due to their attractive features of mechanical flexibility, light weight, low-cost manufacturing, and solution-processed large-scale fabrication, etc. However, the relative insufficient light absorption, short exciton diffusion distance, and low carrier mobility of the OSCs determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices are relatively lower than their inorganic photovoltaic counterparts. To conquer the challenges, the two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, which have excellent photoelectric properties, tunable energy band structure, and solvent compatibility etc., exhibit the great potential to enhance the performance of the OSCs. In this review, we summarize the most recent successful applications of the 2D materials, including graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, and g-C3N4, etc., adapted in the charge transporting layer, the active layer, and the electrode of the OSCs, respectively, for boosting the PCE and stability of the devices. The strengths and weaknesses of the 2D materials in the application of OSCs are also reviewed in details. Additionally, the challenges, commercialization potentials, and prospects for the further development of 2D materials-based OSCs are outlined in the end.


This randomised controlled trial was designed to evaluate whether intra- or postoperative music could influence stress and immune response during and after general anaesthesia and also if there was ...


The challenges of bio-entrepreneurship are related to the specific characteristics of the biotechnology sector. However, the circumstantial conditions of businesses and the social environment in various countries might also shape the profile of a successful bio-entrepreneur. This paper attempts to identify and compare the main traits of a successful entrepreneur in three different European countries that have a well-developed biotechnology sector: UK, France and Germany. This paper also aims to propose a model of the required competencies for a successful bio-entrepreneur.


The introduction of quality, performance, and social responsibility systems in organizations that are open to learn and wish to permanently improve their activity ensures the sustainable development of those organizations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of these three systems in order to identify the common impact areas and the existing interrelations, which would be able to facilitate an integrated approach and create an understanding of equifinalities at the organizational level. Moreover, such an integrated approach highlights the role of economic and financial analysis in the assessment of the quantifiable aspects and the direction in the assessment of the non-quantifiable ones. Through this, we intend to obtain a possible configuration for an integrated quality–performance–social responsibility approach applied to 11 entities in different Romanian health resorts recognized for their natural healing factors. The research was structured on two levels: one addressing the phenomenological approach and one dedicated to the application of the European Foundation for Quality Management. The research presents economic and financial data that are the processed results of a social survey regarding customer satisfaction as well as information from reports provided by internal and financial audit missions. The conclusions of our results reveal three distinct situations: low quality, reduced performance, and stakeholder dissatisfaction; low quality, high performance, and partial stakeholder satisfaction; and appropriate quality, high performance, and adequate stakeholder satisfaction.


Background:- The purpose of the study was to review the factor influencing the result associated with treatment of femoral neck fracture with internal fixation in 60 consecutive series of young patient Method: - Between 2003 and 2007 sixty femoral neck fracture in 60 consecutive patient who were between the age 15 and 55years old treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with three cannulated cancellous screws at our institute fifty of sixty were displaced fractures and ten were nondisplaced fractures .The results and complication were retrospectively reviewed and factor like displacement (Garden's classification), time of fixation since injury, quality of reduction were reviewed. Results: - Twenty four (40%) were associated with the development of nonunion and thirty six (60%) of the sixty fractures healed after one operation. ten fractures (17%) were associated with the development of osteonecrosis, Fractures with a Garden classification of I and II have significantly better results than Garden III and IV ( P <0.05). Fracture that fixed earlier(<48hrs) has significantly better outcome than those fixed after 48hrs, An unsuccessful reduction of the fracture had significant effect on the outcome. Conclusion: - If internal fixation is considered, early fixation and perfect reduction should be aimed.


Abstract I argue for two major claims in this paper. First, I argue that the linguistic evidence best supports a certain form of contextualism about predicates of personal taste (PPTs) like 'fun' and 'tasty'. In particular, I argue that these adjectives are both individual-level predicates (ILPs) and anaphoric implicit argument taking predicates (IATPs). As ILPs, these naturally form generics. As anaphoric IATPs, PPTs show the same dependencies on context and distributional behavior as more familiar anaphoric IATPs, for example, 'local' and 'apply'. Moreover, they are subject to important binding-related phenomena, for example, various kinds of anaphora, binding arguments, and strict-sloppy ambiguities. The latter are particularly problematic for relativism, contextualism's major competitor. I argue that relativism cannot account for these binding facts in a non-ad hoc manner. Second, I argue that disagreement is a predictable feature of dialogues involving PPTs in conjunction with the contextualist semantics defended. Appealing to 'off the shelf' analyses of genericity, I show how disagreement arises in just the cases we would expect, licensing just the kinds of responses we would expect. They also suggest promising explanations, unavailable to relativists, of various otherwise puzzling features of disagreements involving PPTs.


Capital market, both the primary and secondary record financial transactions not only through property titles, but also issues debt securities, designed to attract monetary funds in the form of loans or medium term. Bonds are securities, consisting of a long-term debt on a company giving the holder of Bonds (Bondholders) claim equal rights, corresponding nominal value of the bond. Bonds can be bought either in the public offering period, from banks or corporations Brokerage Financial Services Distributors, or from the stock through a brokerage firm by a procedure similar to that for action. Investing in bonds also entails risks, among which include the risk of default, interest rate risks and currency risks.


There has been an explosion of labour contract disputes in China. The authors surveyed participant demographics, experience and opinions concerning the arbitration of these disputes under the local government Labour Dispute Arbitration Bureau (LAB) in the city of Dalian, Liaoning Province. Contrary to the Chinese labour union's statutory duties, the findings show that the union is not involved in advocating for the rights of the employee from the inception of the dispute through to the LAB hearing. While some scholars have questioned the quality of the LAB process, particularly its fairness for workers, Chinese workers and employers reported high levels of satisfaction with the arbitration process on a range of procedural due process and substantive due process measures. Results indicate overall party satisfaction with the arbitration, a belief that the arbitration was fair, and a willingness to recommend it to others who are similarly situated. Demographic data indicate that the process was somewhat inclusive, with lesser educated workers, migrant workers, and women all participating.


Quality of life reflects the difference between the hopes and expectation of a person & their present experience in which Adjustment was the important observable factor. Early adulthood was a period of adjustments to new patterns of life and new social expectations especially when they enter into organization stage. This work aims at studying the specificity of the social living conditions, organization, regimen, psychosocial and other factors of life and their effect on the thinking, working status of students living in the hostels. This study was carried out in three hostels of Babasaheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar University (BBAU), Lucknow University (L.U.) and National. P.G (NPG) of Lucknow city. This study was carried out on 120 female hostler's belonging to the age group of 15-30 years. The tools were pre designed and pre tested schedule comprising family and individual. Their quality of life was measured by evaluating their self-efficacy with Self efficacy scale, their emotional intelligence via Emotional intelligence scale & stress through Stress scale. In result the relationship showed a higher significance value at .001 level in which self-efficacy was measured high in N.PG. (15%), medium in L.U. (75%) and low in (15%) in BBAU. Emotional intelligence was high in L.U. (65%), medium in BBAU (25%) and low in N.PG. as (5%).Stress scale high in 50% in BBAU, medium in L.U. 25% and low in N.PG. (13%). This study shows that effect on self-efficacy, emotional intelligence & stress and via this Quality of life was affected.


DOI: 10.21276/sjmps.2018.4.7.13 Abstract: Nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) is used for those patients who can-not sustain their oral requirements. Poor nursing adherence to evidence-based guidelines has negative consequences leading to higher mortality rates, delayed recovery and longer length of stay. Nurses play an intrinsic role in preventing these infections especially aspiration pneumonia by pursuing standard guidelines. Current study was designed to evaluate nurses' knowledge and practices of NGT feeding in order to reduce complications. Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study design was proposed. Study population included 70 nurses working in three public sector hospitals in Lahore. Nurse's knowledge was obtained using a self -structured questionnaire and their practices were recorded by direct observation through a checklist. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Data was represented in the forms of figures and tables. By knowledge and practice 60% secured under satisfactory level. Nasogastric tube feeding is a critical practice for seriously sick patients and errors in proper knowledge and skills can lead to serious complications. The present study could identify a high level of gaps in knowledge and skills of applying nasogastric tube feeding procedure. This necessitates the action at training institutions for nurses and on job protocols including monitoring for safety of patients.


A key motivation for the two-photon physics program of the BESIII collaboration is the need of high precision data on electromagnetic transition form factors as input to the calculations of the contribution of hadronic Light-by-light scattering to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The data collected with the BESIII detector allow to study the momentum dependence of the form factors at small momentum transfers, which is of special relevance for αμ . In this presentation the ongoing measurements of the transition form factors of π 0 ,η and η ' mesons, as well as pion pairs, are discussed, and the potential for first double-tagged measurements at BESIII are pointed out.


In this paper, the authors present a fully integrated VCO with 32% tuning range centered at 38.9 GHz. The VCO was designed using a commercially available, inexpensive 0.8 μm Si/SiGe HBT technology with fT and fmax of 80 and 90 GHz, respectively. It consumes 195 mW DC power and provides an output power of more than 5 dBm. A phase noise of -93 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset was measured for the free running VCO.


The book offers a framework for the analysis of formative factors in military thought: an account of the Israel Defense Force's state of intellectualism and modernity; and an analysis of the realist and non-realist factors that have shaped Israeli military thought.


This is the story of ten Mexican immigrant families and of how each goes about the business of surviving and learning to succeed in a new world. It describes how the parents prepare their children for a rapidly changing world so as to become competent adults.


Examples, Ion Properties and Concepts: The Past and What Can Be Learnt from It (W Kunz et al.) Specific Ion Properties (G Hefter) Ion-Surfactant Interactions: Experiments and Models (E Leonitis) Promising Experimental Techniques: Probing Specific Ion Effects with Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (J Daillant) Neutron Scattering, Simulation, Denaturants (P E Mason & G Neilson) Specific Ion Effects at The Air-Water Interface - New Experimental Studies (V Craig) Newest Results From Theory and Simulation: Simulations of Ions at the Air-Water Interface and Near Biomolecules (M Lund & P Jungwirth) Simulations of Ion Near Water-Solid Interfaces and in Bulk Water (R Netz & D Horinek) HNC Calculations of Specific Ion Effects (L Belloni) and other papers.


Dental erosion is a form of non-carious lesion which leads to irreversible loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids not of bacterial origin. Etiology is manifold. Interaction of multiple risk factors and defence mechanisms as well as patient's overall health encumber the identification of causes and making a diagnosis. The prevalence of dental erosion has significantly increased, both in the world and our country,particularly amongst the younger population.No severe symptoms need to be present at the early stage of dental erosion while it can be recognized in time by medical examination, taking the patients medical and dental history and conducting an interview on eating habits, lifestyle, specific occupations, sport activity and oral hygiene habits.The intrinsic (gastrointestinal) and extrinsic (food and environmental) acidic sources are found to be main risk factors, while saliva has the role of main natural protective mechanism in preventing dental erosion.Dental erosion treatment is based on prevention. Patients identified as being at particular risk of dental erosion need to be informed with the cause and need to be educated on the implementation of preventive measures. It is essential to halt the progression of the disease by influencing the etiological factor and stimulate the remineralization of tooth structure. Extensive damage to the enamel and dentin will require various restoration and even fixed prosthodontic procedures.


Objectives: Posterior instrumentation and fusion (PEF) is the standard surgical approach and vertebral body tethering (VBT) emerged as an alternative non-fusion technique in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. The aim of this study was to compare the correction and health-related life quality of the patients who have undergone PEF and VBT. Materials and Methods: Matched cohorts were obtained among patients whose curves ranged between 400700 who had >2 years follow-up. Patients with a lumbar curve included in surgery were excluded. Patients' demographic data, perioperative and follow-up radiographic measurements, and SRS-22 scores were compared. Results: 16 PEF and 18 VBT patients (30F, 4M) were included. The mean age and follow-up were 13.4 (10-17) years and 25.7 (24–32) months. Preoperative upper thoracic, main thoracic (MT), and thoracolumbar (TL) curves were similar among groups. The surgical correction percentage in the MT curve was greater in the PEF group (84%–53%, p<0.001), while the overall correction percentage at two years was similar (80–76%, p=0.616). There was an improvement in self-image and subtotal scores at two years in PEF and VBT groups (p<0.001–p=0.037 and p<0.001–p=0.016). In the PEF group, function scores at six months and two years (p=0.027), pain and sub-total scores at two years (p=0.020, p=0.036) were found to be lower compared to VBT. Conclusion: Following PEF and VBT surgeries, a similar improvement was observed in MT and TL curves. While similar improvement is achieved in SRS22 scores, this improvement is dynamically progressed in VBT. Whether SRS22 scores are better in the VBT group should be examined in larger patient series with longer follow-up.


Boehmite powders with various particle sizes have been prepared by hydrothermal method and the α-Al_2O_3 powders yielded after subsequent calcination have been studied. Dispersive crystalline boehmite powders of 30-100 nm, 0.4-0.6μm and 1μm in size were obtained respectively by changing the hydrothermal precursors and the pH value of hydrothermal slurry. Calcination of boehmite powders of 30-100 nm at 1250℃ for 1h resulted in the formation of single-phase α-Al_2O_3 , and the products consisted of vermicular particles. The boehmite powders of 0.4-0.6μm were also fully converted to α-Al_2O_3 at 1250℃, and the products consisted of plate-like particles with the same size of 0.4-0.6μm. The boehmite powders of 1μm calcined at 1350℃ for 2h were still composed of a little proportions of transition aluminas besides α-Al_2O_3, and the particles sintered severely. The reaction processes for the formation of crystalline boehmites under hydrothermal conditions and α-Al_2O_3 powders during calcination have been discussed.


In this study, we focused on our specialized electrode process for Si back-contact crystalline solar cell. It is different from other well-known back-contact cell process for thermal aspect and specialized process. In general, aluminum makes ohmic contact to the Si wafer and acts as a back surface reflector. And, silver is used for low series resistance metal grid lines. Aluminum was sputtered onto back side of wafer. Next, silver is directly patterned on the wafer by screen printing. The sputtered aluminum was removed by wet etching process after rear silver electrode was formed. In this process, the silver paste must have good printability, electrical property and adhesion strength, before and after the aluminum etching process. Silver paste also needs low temperature firing characteristics to reduce the thermal budget. So it was seriously collected by the products of several company of regarding low temperature firing (below 250?C) and aluminum etching endurance. First of all, silver pastes for etching selectivity were selected to evaluate as low temperature firing condition, electrical properties and adhesive strength. Using the nano- and micron-sized silver paste, so called hybrid type, made low temperature firing. So we could minimize the thermal budget in metallization process. Also the adhesion property greatly depended on the composition of paste, especially added resin and inorganic additives. In this paper, we will show that the metallization process of back-contact solar cell was realized as optimized nano-paste characteristics.


In this paper the saltation velocity, that is, the fluid velocity at the point at which the total pressure drop per unit length of the solids-air two-phase flow becomes minimum, is examined from the viewpoint of low pressure drop and power consumption. An empirical equation to predict the saltation velocity is first derived on an established flow in a horizontal pipe. Second, the experiment on the saltation velocity of coarse particles for the flow was conducted. The foregoing equation is sufficiently accurate for the experimental data, and useful for the approximation as to any particles resembling those in the above experiment.


study included MRD assessment on patients who remained in CR. Results: From July 2000 to September 2009, 36 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 47 y (30–66 y). Sixty‐seven percent of patients had stage IV disease, 50% had a FLIPI score of 3 or 4, and the median time from previous chemotherapy to enrolment was 12.8 m. Six patients were not transplanted. The median follow‐up was 124 m (range 23–194 m), the 10‐y OS and EFS was 69% and 40%, respectively, in the ITT population, and 50% and 56% in the SCT group. There was evidence of plateau at 100‐m post ASCT. Seven transplanted patients died: 4 from progressive disease and 3 from secondary malignancies. Of the 30 transplanted, there were PCRmarkers for 22 (73%). Although 10/22 (45%) stem cell collections were MRD+, PFS was not significantly different from patients transplanted with MRD− grafts. Clinical and molecular remission in PB was achieved after R‐IFN in 5 of 7 patients who were MRD positive in the BM at 3‐m post ASCT. Both of these results suggest that R‐IFN may be effective in eradicating MRD post ASCT. There appears to be good correlation between MRD assessment on PB and clinical response/relapse (Figure 1). Fifteen patients reached 100‐m EFS, and of these, 9 PCR evaluable patients were also in molecular remission. Uni‐ and multi‐variate analyses were performed. Conclusion: This prospective study demonstrates promising clinical and molecular outcomes in patients with FL treated with R‐purging followed by R‐IFN post ASCT. Correlation is demonstrated between prolonged clinical remission and MRD negativity in PB.


Erythematous delayed reactions without induration, presumably assigned to Jones‐Mote type, were characterized by the resistance to treatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) before elicitation or immunization in guinea pigs immunized with BGG in IFA or CFA. CY‐treatment before elicitation converted delayed erythematous reactions from negative to positive at late intervals after immunization with BGG in IFA. Such a treatment augmented erythematous delayed reactions in animals immunized with BGG in CFA, but abolished induration at the reaction sites. CY‐treatment before elicitation or immunization reduced the numbers of basophils at the reaction sites, although erythematous delayed reactions were augmented. Effector T cells responsible for delayed erythematous reaction without induration appear to persist for a long period of time after immunization in the presence of antibody production or tuberculin hypersensitivity and the expression of their function may be inhibited by suppressive mechanisms.


Vacuum well point technology is an advanced and reliable construction technology for dewatering. The "small hopper" and "vacuum water-stop curtain" formed in the soil layer can greatly lower the groundwater level, reduce the water/soil ratio in a deep foundation pit, improve the physical performance of the soil mass and increase the bearing capacity of the soil layer. Therefore this technology has the advantage in ensuring construction safety, shortening construction period and saving space and cost of a construction.


Conformation of the C-peptide fragment of RNase A is calculated by Monte Carlo simulated annealing. Starting from completely random initial conformations and minimizing the total potential energy without any bias, we obtained partial α-helix structure with a high probability (≈ 40%). The energetically most favourable structure exhibits a 2.5-turn α-helix. The results of simulation are consistent with the experimental implication for the role of charged residues for α-helix stability in this peptide.


European Social Fund, Grant/Award Number: MIS 5050019; Ministry of Development and Investments (Greece), Grant/Award Number: MIS 5050019 Abstract A health diagnosis mechanism of rolling element bearings is necessary since the most frequent faults in rotating electrical machines occur in the bearing parts. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have redefined the state‐of‐the‐art accuracy for bearing fault detection and identification, extracting location invariant feature mappings without the need for prior expert knowledge. With the use of convolution operations as the core of the process, CNNs consider the local spatial coherence of the input. However, one major drawback of the convolutional models is the weakness to capture global information about the input vector and to derive knowledge about the statistical properties of the latter. The authors propose a deep learning (DL) model that concatenates the features that are produced from two neural streams. Each consists of an attention mechanism that intends to learn different representations of the input vector, and so finally to produce a feature mapping that contains global and spatial locally information. Simulation results on two famous rolling element bearings fault detection benchmarks show the effectiveness of the method. In particular, the proposed DL model achieves 99.60% in the Case Western Reserve University bearing data set and 99.10% in the Paderborn University bearing data set.


Abstract This paper uses the 2005–2012 spatial panel data of China's 11 Contiguous Destitute Areas (CDAs) and different kinds of econometric regression models, we examines the implications of medical condition and population density for the residents' savings in these 11 CDAs. We find that, the increase in population density not only would reduce residents' savings through its own, but also has negative effect on residents' savings through the way of medical condition, while medical condition has positively and significantly effect on the residents' savings. This means that as a CDAs' population density increases, the needs of medical condition will increase too, and then it will cause the medical condition to be deteriorating relatively, thereby reducing households' precautionary savings. In most of the models, especially in the direct effects, indirect effects, and total effects, these results are roughly the same and robust. These findings mean that medical condition and population density not only have influence on residents' savings on their own, but also will decrease the residents' savings by their interaction.


Latin grammars usually describe relative clauses as attributes of a head constituent. Independently used relative clauses are regarded as derived from the first type. Latin has in fact two types of relative clauses which should not be regarded as derived from each other.


Let G be an edge-colored graph where adjacent edges may have the same color. A path in G is called rainbow if its edges have distinct colors. A graph G is rainbow connected if any two distinct vertices in G are connected by a rainbow path. The smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make G rainbow connected is called the rainbow connection number of G, denoted by rc(G). In this paper, we determine the rainbow connection number of some subdivided roof graphs.


Synopsis : Suppression of wave motion by imposing stationary magnetic field, is attractive since magnetic field can act on molten metal without any contact with contamination source and stationary magnetic field requires smaller investment and running costs than alternating magnetic field does. This technique is applicable to some processes such as a twin roll, a single roll, a conventional continuous casting and an electromagnetic casting, in which the surface wave molten metal leads to instabilities of the operation and surface defects. In this work, basic equations describing wave motion under stationary magnetic field imposed parallelly to the wave vector are derived taking into account the three-dimensional velocity distribution. A dispersion relation under the condition suffering the stationary magnetic field is derived so as to get a damping coefficient of wave motion. And the results of this theoretical analysis are valified by experimental works measuring the damping coefficient.


We consider an analogue of the well-known in image processing Rudin-Osher-Fatemi (ROF) denoising model on a general finite directed and connected graph. Then we consider the space BV of functions o ...


Background:
 Clinical evidence, particularly landmark trials, may impact physicians' prescribing patterns and medication use. Drug policies and marketing may also impact medication use. We examined trends in the use of ezetimibe before and after the reporting of the landmark ENHANCE trial in the United States compared with Canada.

 Methods:
 We conducted a population-based, retrospective, time-series analysis using the data collected by IMS Health in the United States and Compuscript in Canada from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2009. The main outcome measures were monthly number of prescriptions for ezetimibe-containing products before and after the ENHANCE trial. The ENHANCE trial, which was released in mid-January 2008, represented the intervention event.

 Results:
 The monthly number of prescriptions for ezetimibe rose from 6 to 1082 per 100,000 population in the United States from November 2002 to January 2008, then started declining to 572 per 100,000 population by December 2009 after the release of the ENHANCE trial. However, the monthly number of prescriptions for ezetimibe has been consistently rising from 2 to 495 per 100,000 population in Canada from June 2003 to December 2009. The autoregressive time series analysis showed that the release of the ENHANCE trial significantly decreased the use of ezetimibe in the United States (p=0.0005) but not in Canada (p=0.2382).

 Conclusions:
 Distinct patterns of use of ezetimibe emerged in the United States and Canada from 2002 to 2009. The ENHANCE trial has significantly decreased the use of ezetimibe in the United States but not in Canada. Factors other than available evidence appear to be influencing ezetimibe use in Canada.


Temperature profiles within the human head are highly influenced by the geometry and the rate of metabolic heat production. In this paper, we provide a very accurate, non-perturbative, semi-analytical solution to a nonlinear singular boundary value problem modelling the distribution of heat sources in the human head and their dependence on environmental temperature. Our analysis is based on Adomian decomposition method. Graphical results are presented and discussed quantitatively. The model serves as a tool for extrapolating human head temperature profiles.


ABSTRACT This article investigates the representation of water scarcity in Jordanian textbooks to understand its role on improving education on environmental sustainability. People's understanding of an issue guides their actions toward finding and implementing appropriate solutions to what they perceive as a problem. Discourses are key in constructing people's understanding of issues, in this case, water scarcity. This article shows the role of textbooks and of the educational system in constructing a discourse of water scarcity that frames the issue as due to nature, to neighboring countries, and to refugees. It then demonstrates how this framing opens and drives toward supply-side solutions and discusses to what extent the representations of water scarcity strive to achieve a better education on environmental sustainability.


analysis of problems, Rosa at least describes some solutions in his final outlook. He identifies the need to find and establish social relationships of 'resonance' as a positive perspective. This could enable individuals to overcome current time regimes. Historically, we have been mainly building on two systems of resonance, religion and the arts. Today it might be necessary to find new forms and settings for resonance in everyday social relations and relations to things, nature and work. This again would be influencing our 'being-in-the world'. For creating experiences of resonance, Rosa argues that critical theory could at least provide more support than rational choice theories and their concept of the instrumental homo economicus. With this book, the term of alienation is rediscovered in a very clarifying argumentation. Rosa does not build on essentialist arguments about the true nature of the human being, but formulates a new approach for the debate about the good life. Why is this relevant for social work? Firstly, practitioners and researchers can better understand time regimes of acceleration that affect the life worlds of social work's target groups as well as social workers as professionals. Secondly, it provides revitalising arguments for a reformulation of a critical position without the need to refer to the often doubted essentialist idea of knowing what the essence of a good life would need to be. And thirdly, the four critiques of Rosa can help social workers in practice and theory to find detailed and concrete arguments for a critique of the condition of our current society and their alienating powers. This enables a well-grounded and innovative perspective for the discovery of the good life as a conceptual subject matter for social work's research, theory development and practice.


Several studies have demonstrated that understanding certain brain functions can only be achieved by simultaneously monitoring the electrical activity of many individual neurons in multiple brain areas [1]. Therefore, the main tradeoff in neural probe design is between minimizing the probe dimensions and achieving high spatial resolution using large arrays of small recording sites. Current state-of-the-art solutions are limited in the amount of simultaneous readout channels [2], contain a small number of electrodes [2,3] or use hybrid implementations to increase the number of readout channels [3,4].


Objective. To describe the epidemiology of bloodstream infection caused by USA300 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which are traditionally associated with cases of community-acquired infection, in the healthcare setting. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. Three academically affiliated hospitals in Denver, Colorado. Methods. Review of cases of S. aureus bloodstream infection during the period from 2003 through 2007. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify MRSA USA300 isolates. Results. A total of 330 cases of MRSA bloodstream infection occurred during the study period, of which 286 (87%) were healthcare-associated. The rates of methicillin resistance among the S. aureus isolates recovered did not vary during the study period and were similar among the 3 hospitals. However, the percentages of cases of healthcare-associated MRSA bloodstream infection due to USA300 strains varied substantially among the 3 hospitals: 62%, 19%, and 36% (P < .001) for community-onset cases and 33%, 3%, and 33% (P = .005) for hospital-onset cases, in hospitals A, B, and C, respectively. In addition, the number of cases of healthcare-associated MRSA bloodstream infection caused by USA300 strains increased during the study period at 2 of the 3 hospitals. At each hospital, USA300 strains were most common among cases of community-associated infection and were least common among cases of hospital-onset infection. Admission to hospital A (a safety-net hospital), injection drug use, and human immunodeficiency virus infection were independent risk factors for healthcare-associated MRSA bloodstream infection due to USA300 strains. Conclusions. The prevalence of USA300 strains among cases of healthcare-associated MRSA bloodstream infection varied dramatically among geographically clustered hospitals. USA300 strains are replacing traditional healthcare-related strains of MRSA in some healthcare settings. Our data suggest that the prevalence of USA300 strains in the community is the dominant factor affecting the prevalence of this strain type in the healthcare setting.


Surviving the journey is a good prognostic indicator

EDITOR,--Malcolm Fisher's article on acute anaphylaxis was prompted by an anecdote concerning a doctor's panic when his young daughter developed an acute allergic reaction.1 The father ended up "ranting and raving" in the emergency department because his daughter had not received adrenaline immediately. Fisher uses this scenario to underline the need for the rapid administration of adrenaline in anaphylaxis. Nevertheless, he freely admits that, with the protean …


Background: Trends of searching primary has been changed as etiological backup are changing. PET- CT and other viral molecular markers has been included in most recent protocols for searching primary of carcinoma unknown primary (CUP). Despite of the exhaustive effort with traditional tool many unknown primaries are not known. Patients with CUP without localizing primary, are subjected to radical surgery, wide-field radiation and chemotherapy during treatment.
Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of localization of the primary tumor by using conventional technique and to compare the outcome of it to the standard guideline.
Methods:This was a prospective study. In conventional search, after thorough clinical examination and diagnostic workup, Panendoscopy with bilateral Tonsillectomy and excision of tongue base mucosa in selective cases is done. Biopsy from nasopharynx, Larynx and hypopharynx is done only when clinically suspected. PET-CT and other viral/molecular markers has been done for recent standard protocol group.
Results: In conventional method, Out of 29 patient, 6 primaries found. 5 in tonsil and 1 in base of the tongue base. In standard protocol method, out of 34 cases with PET-CT and viral marker 8 primaries detected, 5 in tonsil and 2 in tongue base and 1 in nasopharynx.
Conclusion: Unknown head and neck primaries present a diagnostic challenge that outcome in the search of primary for CUP may be improved by digital examination and appropriate tissue examination in traditional detection protocols.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 142-146


Most researchers prefer to analyse the competitiveness and innovativeness of metropolitan areas. In this study we have the intention to characterize the small- and medium-sized cities in the Central and Eastern European region, as well as to explore their possible development path. We believe that one of the ways for developing these cities is to strengthen the innovation capabilities that means on one hand increasing the innovation performance of the operators, on the other hand, the new ways of interactions between other organizations to tackle social problems. The theoretical starting point is the interpretation and presentation of the micropolitan regions, as well as understanding the concept of technological and social innovation. As the result of the research, the innovation measurements carried out in some of the settlements will be represented. These experiences can help the small and medium-sized cities to be able to keep up with the global competition, cancel migration and the erosion of the intellectual potential.


The effect, of fiber diameter and crimp frequency on the filtration performance of nonwoven fabrics were examined empirically. It was found that if fabric weight and density are kept constant, air permeability varies linearly with fiber diameter. When filtering a very dilute aerosol of submicron particles, the capture efficiency varies linearly with ln d s, where d is the effective particle diameter (taking Brownian motion into account) and s is the interfiber spacing. When a concentrated aerosol is filtered, penetration and specific cake resistance tend to limiting values as the fiber diameter approaches zero. As fiber crimp frequency is varied from zero, Frazier air permeability increases, but capture efficiency and specific cake resistance are affected only by a change from zero to a finite crimp frequency.


The aim of this short note is to correct an error in the proof in [1], more precisely in Remark 1 on page 395, where it is stated that any improper word has rank ≥2. This claim is false; and, consequently, Remark 2, asserting that any 1,0-deduction does not contain improper Q-terms, also fails immediately. In fact, let us consider the word It is easily seen that the rank of W is 1, but W is obviously improper. We remark that it is possible, in the same way, to give examples of improper words of rank 1 containing (without subordination) ε-subterms of arbitrarily high rank. In the following section we sketch a corrected version of the proof in order to eliminate all improper ε-terms. We refer to the notation and definitions of [1]. A more extended description of the theories involved can be found in [2].


It is Wu Jingzi's complex of common people that promoted him to write the novel of The Scholars, from which we can understand his experience of criticizing the realistic society.