Resistance (R) proteins in plants confer specificity to the innate immune system. Most R proteins have a centrally located nucleotide binding (NB-ARC) domain. For two tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) R proteins, I-2 and Mi-1, we have previously shown that this domain acts as an ATPase module that can hydrolyze ATP in vitro . To investigate the role of nucleotide- binding and -hydrolysis for the function of I-2 in planta, specific mutations were introduced in conserved motifs of the NB-ARC domain. Two mutations resulted in autoactivating proteins that induce a pathogen-independent hypersensitive response upon expression in planta . These mutant forms of I-2 were found to be impaired in ATP hydrolysis but not in ATP binding, suggesting that the ATP-, rather than the ADP-bound state of I-2 is the active form that triggers defence signalling. In addition, upon ADP binding the protein displayed an increased affinity for ADP suggestive for a change of conformation. Based on these data we propose that the NB-ARC domain of I-2, and likely of related R proteins, functions as a molecular switch whose state (On/Off) depends on the nucleotide bound (ATP/ADP). our our experiments show that the NB-ARC adopts different conformations depending on the nucleotide bound (ATP or ADP) providing novel insight in the role this domain plays as a molecular switch for R protein activation. were taken 20 and 40 minutes after starting [ α 32 P]ADP and [ α 32 P]ATP in each was quantified from a TLC plate by phosphoimaging (Storm, Molecular Dynamics). Data points were plotted and the hydrolysis speed ( v in pmol min -1 ) for each reaction was determined by linear curve fitting. The speed values were used, for each protein preparation, to create Lineweaver-Burk plots from which the V max (pmol ATP hydrolyzed min -1 µ g -1 active protein) and K M ( µ M) values were extracted. In the resting ("off") state the CC and LRR domains are bound to the NB-ARC domain. The NB-ARC tightly binds ADP and this interaction is stabilised by the LRR domain. (1) Upon elicitor recognition, the LRR-NB-ARC interaction is disturbed resulting in reduced affinity for ADP. (2) This reduced affinity results in rapid dissociation of ADP. (3) The free state binds ATP that triggers a conformational change resulting in disruption of the CC-NB-ARC interaction. This active ("on") state is competent to activate signalling, leading to induction of defence responses. (4) Hydrolysis of the bound ATP by the intrinsic ATPase activity returns the protein to its resting state. The steps affected by the mutations in the NB-subdomain are indicated.


The general conclusions of the study will be stated at the outset in the broadest terms to aid the reader in his evaluation of the argument as it is unfolded in more detail. The Soviet leaders expected to make great advances in the underdeveloped world as it decolonized. They hoped that the Communists would lead the nationalist rebellions and convert them into Communist states. Only in the North of Indochina has the Communist party been able to do so; the South is still in contest. High hopes in Indonesia, Algeria, and the Congo have come to naught. The successful seizure of power in Cuba has taken place in an unanticipated manner. In this case, a non-Communist revolution converted itself into a Communist one. Before Castro's assumption of power in Cuba, the Soviet Union viewed Latin America in general, and the Caribbean in particular, as an area where American power severely limited Communist opportunities. The overthrow of the Arbenz regime in Guatemala in 1954 seemed to prove the point. But for a time after the Bay of Pigs episode, the Cubans believed, and seemed to have convinced the Soviets, that the Cuban revolution could be exported. But the failure of several attempts to do so, and the outcome of the missile crisis in the fall of 1962, caused first the Soviets and somewhat later the Cubans to revise their hopes for new Communist states in Latin America in the near or foreseeable future. Now several years after the windfall of Castro's conversion, Soviet attention is increasingly centered on the costs to be borne. First, although Castro will probably remain a Communist, he will continue to be as defiant as he can afford to be. Second, Castro has cost the Soviet Union a great deal of money and, although these contributions have been reduced, the end is not yet in sight.


This paper describes how the goal of the AASHTO Technology Implementation Group (TIG) is to facilitate rapid acceptance and implementation of high-payoff and innovative technologies. In 2001, the TIG selected prefabricated bridge elements and systems as one area for implementation. Prefabrication provides more control over the construction environment, minimizes work-zone risks, and reduces inconvenience to the public. It also alleviates time pressures during construction by removing concrete strength gain from a project's critical path. Combining prefabrication and high performance concrete (HPC) improves concrete quality as a result of the controlled environment in which the components are constructed. The improved concrete matrix provides a more durable concrete.


This paper examines Sámi women's responses to healthy living advice for health risk reduction, including how they think their health capital is administered within their way of life. Data was gathered from interviews with a group of Sámi women from reindeer herding families in northern Norway. Healthy living advice for health risk reduction provides medical discourses about how to live to reduce the risk of widespread diseases. Such discourses intervene into peoples' everyday lives, and become moral discourses. According to these interviews, the women responded to epidemiological risk assessments and guidelines by legitimating their attitudes and behaviours, but also by legitimating a distance between their practical risk assessments and the attitudes and behaviours the medical authorities promote. The study demonstrates that the women are creative users of health information. Their response to health information is shaped within their local material, cultural and social context, personal needs, and a need for cultural security on a collective level. The women experience responsibility for their own and their families' health capital.


Jin Sheng was an important figure who participated in the political and literary circles actively in the late Ming Dynasty,His blurred standpoint in religious belief is often difficult to verify. Mr. Chen yuan once proposed that Jin Sheng dedicated himself to the church for his whole life since he was baptized between the fourth and the seventh year of Tian qi (1624-1627),whereas Mr. Huang yi nong believe that he might join the church during the second year and the third year of Chong Zhen(1629-1630),then converted to Buddhism in the fifth year of Chong Zhen(1632).
Based on the relevant sources ,I will replenish and discuss in detail of former scholars's research including both conclusions from the research of Mr. Chen Yuan and Huang Yi Nong. This essay argues that Jin Sheng who lived in a chaotic time at the end of Ming Dynasty,maintained an open-mind,regard the beliefs of Catholicism and Western learning as instrumental way to pursuit the ideal personality, thus to carry out the Confucianist's aspirations of Self-Cultivation, Family Regulation, maintaining State Governance, bringing Peace to All Under Heaven.


Abstract This essay offers a reflection on the notion of experience considered within the context of framework of relational ontology. The primary advantage of such a consideration is that it escapes the consequences of subject-object accounts of experience, accounts which either laud the cognitive subject as master of the experienced world or exile it to an existence in a world it does not experience as its own. Setting experience within a relational ontology and developing a participatory epistemology around the concept offers an inter-active account of experience as an ontological process and an integrated account of knowing and being. This ends the traditional privileging the human as a cognitive subject and opens the way to thinking of all elements within interactive processes as interpretive agencies. Furthermore, it allows the category of interpretation to be freed from the domain of cognitive subjects and to become a descriptor of ontological interaction in general.


Argan oil plays a significant socio-economic role in southwestern Morocco, with many applications in cosmetics and nutrition. In this study, the chemical composition, the quality, as well as antioxidant activity of Argan oils extracted from different fruit shapes (apiculate, oval, spherical, and fusiform) in Essaouira and Agadir were evaluated. The results collected indicated a slight resemblance in the chemical composition of fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, and polyphenols of Argan oils. These, extracted from two different regions, also show similar yields in the oval form, with values of 53.53 % for the Essaouira region and 54.86 % for that of Agadir. However, a slight difference was noted in the shape of the fruit. Indeed, the total sterols content for the oval shape showed values of 178.64 mg/100g in the Essaouira region and 171.97 mg/100g in the Agadir region. Also, γ-tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in all tested oils.


In this paper, a novel numerical temporal convolution method is presented to calculate the convolutions between the retarded-time potentials and temporal basis functions (or its integration, derivation) in marching-on-in-time (MOT) solver. This approach can smooth and eliminate the singularity of integrated functions by variable substitution. It can also effectively control the precision of numerical quadratures over the surface of the source distribution. Thus it is suitable for more types of temporal basis functions, including non-piecewise polynomial functions. Numerical results demonstrate that this improved method can ensure the accuracy and late time stability of the MOT solver with different types of temporal basis functions.


The aspects of the neurologic examination concerned with lesions in central vestibular structures must take into consideration how these structures function physiologically as components of the much larger sysem controlling static and dynamic equilibrium. Methods for differentiating disturbances in the different components are outlined. There are a number of structures which lie in the brain stem in proximity to the central vestibular mechanisms; disturbances in equilibrium associated with evidence of disturbance in these contiguous structures tend to implicate the central vestibular structures. When the probable localization of lesions has been decided, the history of evolution of symptoms often provides an indication of a probable diagnosis.


Ecofeminism, as a social, political and philosophic movement, considers the oppression of women and the exploitation of nature as interconnected phenomena. This paper analyzes Anita Desai's Fire on The Mountain (1977) in the light of ecofeminist critical theories. The text explores how oppressive practices linked to patriarchal society operate forcefully on levels of gender and environment. It deploys a deft patterning of botanical, zoological, atmospheric and color imagery to convey the symbolic centrality of the narrative and the diverse analogies of the darker shades of nature and the darker aspects of femaleness.


This work reported the use of microwave vulcanization coupled with Dunlop process to prepared natural rubber latex foam (NRLF). Optimization of microwave heating for curing step was firstly carried out using a commercially available domestic microwave oven. The processing window and optimum condition for making NRLF were obtained.  The optimum power and time of the irradiation were found at 600 W and 6 min, respectively. Using the optimum microwave vulcanization, effects of stirring time (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min) and speed (650, 950, 1250, 1550, and 1850 rpm) of foaming step on cell structure, bulk density, compressive properties, and hardness of NRLFs were investigated. Generally, the increases in the stirring time and speed in foaming step both gave rise to the volume of the air incorporated into the latex compound.  This resulted in the increases in the bulk density and the number of cell but, the decrease in foam cell size. The stirring speed in a range of 950 to 1550 rpm was successfully used for preparing the NRLF. Too low and too high foaming speeds caused unstable latex compounds and failed to produce NRLF. The foam cell structure changed dramatically as the foaming speed increased. The foam mechanical properties, both compressive strength and hardness, were found to be linearly related to the foam bulk density.


Derivatives (IIIe) and (Ve) are potent in vitro tubulin polymerization inhibitors, but show weak cytotoxicities toward the human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell line, in the micro molar range.


Intelligent automatic platform for compilation of engineering practice textbooks in college based on deep big data intelligent retrieval algorithm is designed in this study. The main reason why there is such a big contrast between the agenda setting effect of traditional media agenda network, social media agenda network and public agenda network at the semantic network level and the agenda setting effect at the potential semantic network level is that the network agenda setting effect is measured according to the explicit semantic network. With this basic model, this paper uses the word vector to achieve the intelligent retrieval algorithm. This method is suitable for cross-language tasks with large language gaps. The distribution of the words of different languages in the vector space is quite different, and multiple matrices are required for fine-grained mapping. Then, the novel platform is implemented with thew integration of the robustness testing.


FRENCH REVOLUTION HISTORIANS have made use of computers in their work since long before the advent of the internet. In the 1960s, Emmanuel LeRoy Ladurie promoted computer-assisted quantitative methods,' and in the 1980s Keith Baker helped pioneer the use of electronic and interactive technologies in intellectual history, with the ARTFL database.2 Building on these precedents, French Revolutionary history in the year 2000 enters the age of digital multi-media, with Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution, a pedagogical package of a CD-ROM, web site and workbook, edited by Jack Censer and Lynn Hunt.3


A new approach for the design and fabrication of a miniaturized SWIR Hyperspectral imager is described. Previously, good results were obtained with a VNIR Hyperspectral imager, by use of light propagation within bonded solid blocks of fused silica. These designs use the Offner design form, providing excellent, low distortion imaging. The same idea is applied to the SWIR Hyperspectral imager here, resulting in a microHSITM SWIR Hyperspectral sensor, capable of operating in the 850-1700 nm wavelength range. The microHSI spectrometer weighs 910 g from slit input to camera output. This spectrometer can accommodate custom foreoptics to adapt to a wide range of fields-of-view (FOV). The current application calls for a 15 degree FOV, and utilizes an InGaAs image sensor with a spatial format of 640 x 25 micron pixels. This results in a slit length of 16 mm, and a foreoptics focal length of 61 mm, operating at F# = 2.8. The resulting IFOV is 417 μrad for this application, and a spectral dispersion of 4.17 nm/pixel. A prototype SWIR microHSI was fabricated, and the blazed diffraction grating was embedded within the optical blocks, resulting in a 72% diffraction efficiency at the wavelength of 1020 nm. This spectrometer design is capable of accommodating slit lengths of up to 25.6 mm, which opens up a wide variety of applications. The microHSI concepts can be extended to other wavelength regions, and a miniaturized LWIR microHSI sensor is in the conceptual design stage.


This study aimed to investigate the potential of the size and aspect ratio of metastatic and non‐metastatic lateral pelvic lymph nodes (LPLNs) as low‐risk markers for locally advanced lower rectal cancer, without treatment by neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy or LPLN dissection.


he paper examined technological capability as a critical factor in Nigeria's development agenda, using indigenous refineries in the Niger Delta region as point of reference. It x-rayed the creativity, ingenuity and innovations in the T establishment of indigenous refineries in the region. The paper posits that for Nigeria to move from consumption to a productive economy, indigenous technological capabilities in the oil and gas sector must be fully encouraged and harnessed. The present approach of the Federal Government in destroying the indigenous refineries should be reviewed; rather the ingenuity of the operators should be exploited and refined through articulate and robust research and development (R & D). Also, there is the need to review extant laws on refining of Petroleum products. This way the down and upstream sectors of the oil industry will be revolutionized with attendant boost on indigenous technological development and increase in indigenous production of petroleum products, particularly the Premium Motor Spirit (PMS).


Perceptual watermarking for video needs to take full advantage of the results of human visual system (HVS) studies. Just noticeable distortion (JND), which refers to the maximum distortion that the HVS does not perceive, gives us a way to model the HVS accurately. Since motion is a specific feature of video, estimation of the JND profile for video needs to take into account the temporal HVS properties in addition to the spatial properties. In this paper, we develop a video-driven JND profile for watermarking which incorporates the temporal modulation factor, retinal velocity, luminance adaptation and block classification. Experimental results with subjective test confirm the improved performance of our video-driven JND profile for watermarking. Our video-driven JND profile, which responds to motion correctly is capable of yielding higher injected-watermark energy without introducing noticeable distortion to the original video sequences and outperforms the relevant existing models.


It is the intention of this thesis to make a contribution to the history of the French occupation of South-West Germany after the Second World War by presenting an empirical case study of French occupation policy in operation within a single community, i.e. Tubingen, during the period, 1945-1947. Little has as yet been written on French government policy toward Germany in the immediate post-war years - known as the "French thesis" it concentrated chiefly on effecting the dismemberment of Germany into a confederation of individual statue - despite the fact that the Allied occupation of Germany is a period of cardinal importance to historical research as a causal prelude to the establishment of the two post-war German states and of the Common Market.
The microstudy model of research has been selected in order to provide a motor of analysis to trace developments within one community which were symptomatic of French occupation policy and of the "French thesis" on Germany. To this end thin microstudy will pursue two objectives: to describe Tubingen as a post-war community under French occupation; and to provide a series of comments on the "French thesis" during its period of predominance in the years, 1945-1947.
The conclusions of this thesis are determined by these objectives. The main characteristics of the post-war occupation of Tubingen in the period, 1945-1947, are summarised with specific emphasis on the effects of the emergence of the community as the regional capital of Wurttemberg-Hohenzollern. The central exercise of this thesis remains, however, the examination of French government policy toward Germany. Consequently the latter section of the concluding chapter aims at isolating; specific features of this policy and commenting on their significance.


Initial situation: The threat imposed by Covid-19 has a significant impact on the world - especially that of substance-users Drugs suddenly became poorly available, the access to substitution-therapy, addiction-help and addiction-medicine underwent restrictions Close living-conditions, lockdown and poor health-conditions of substance-users led to serious concerns within patients, counselors and doctors Measures: After briefly hesitating decisive action followed and self- and third party protection was installed - where scarce material-supply allowed it Professional institutions improved political and medical framework, infection protection, take-home-prescriptions, test-capacities and virtual consultations as well as team conferences were expanded - and so far bigger infection-clusters could be avoided in this group of patients Conclusions: Some of the current changes will remain - and will have an ongoing impact on our living together We gained a lot of experience in crisis-management - and we improved the trustful relation to our patients Good addiction-work is relationship-work: this crisis has just confirmed that!


The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the concepts of neutrosophic generalized semi-closed sets and neutrosophic generalized semi-open sets in neutrosophic topological space.


Multimodal obesity treatments for children and adolescents generally showed only small to modest treatment effects and high dropout rates. Potential variations by patients' clinical and sociodemographic factors remain, however, largely unclear. For this reason, our study analyzed psychological, physical, and sociodemographic predictors of treatment success and adherence in a multimodal obesity treatment over 12 months. The intent-to-treat sample included n = 361 children and adolescents (ages 3–17 years), of which n = 214 or 59.28% of patients completed treatment. A younger age and, in the sensitivity analysis, additionally a greater eating disorder psychopathology and treatment initiation before COVID-19 pandemic predicted greater BMI-SDS reductions (Body Mass Index-Standard Deviation Score). In contrast, predictors of treatment adherence were not found. The results underline the importance of early treatment of juvenile obesity. Additionally, eating disorder psychopathology includes restrained eating, which implies the ability to self-regulate eating behavior and therefore may have a positive effect on the treatment goal of controlled food intake. Challenges from altered treatment procedures due to the COVID-19 pandemic nonetheless remain.


According to biological objects peculiarities, physical, chemical, biological processes interaction and also according to interaction of appropriate cognition methods, modern biology gets over vitalism and mechanicism positions in understanding of all alive.


e24160 Background: Disease-specific quality of life (QOL) is consistently regarded as one of the most important outcomes by women with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), and it predicts survival. Treatment-related symptoms such as cognitive impairment greatly impact QOL in women with mBC. Patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer are highly interested in diet and nutrition, but despite this high level of interest, very few trials have tested dietary interventions in women receiving systemic breast cancer therapy and; the majority of research has been conducted in survivors who have completed primary treatment. Given the limited treatment options for cognitive impairment we evaluated whether our results show a whole food plant based (WFPB) dietary intervention might improve perceived cognitive function (CF) in women undergoing treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Patients with stage 4 breast cancer receiving treatment were randomized 2:1 into 2 arms: 1) WFPB diet (n = 20) or 2) usual care (n = 10) for 8 weeks with assessments at baseline, and 8 weeks. Our WFPB diet consisted of an ad libitum whole-food, plant-based diet; 3 meals/day were provided, which included fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts/seeds and excluded meat, dairy, eggs, added oils, solid fats and most sugars. Patient reported outcomes for perceived CF were collected using FACT- COG and EORTC-QLQ-C30. Paired t-tests were used to assess within group changes from baseline to week 8. The between group difference (WFPB diet vs control) was assessed by ANCOVA model. Results: Patients on the WFPB diet began with a mean baseline score of 140.8 on the FACT-COG which significantly improved to 156.6 (p = 0.005) at 8-weeks post intervention. The reported minimally important difference (MID) between groups is (9.6) and we observed a clinically significant difference of 17.1 (p = 0.03). Similar results in CF were observed for EORTC-QLQ-C30. The baseline mean score of 73.3 was improved to 84.7 (p = 0.004) at 8-weeks post intervention. The reported MID between groups is (4) and we observed a clinically significant difference of 12.6 (p = 0.07), with no significant changes in perceived CF for the control group. Conclusions: Our 8-week WFPB diet resulted in clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in perceived cognitive function in women with metastatic breast cancer. A phase 3 clinical trial is needed to confirm the results of this novel intervention. Funding: 3UG1CA189961. Clinical trial information: NCT03045289 .[Table: see text]


Corruption is an obstacle to democracy and the rule of law. In a democratic system it is therefore essential that public offices and institutions retain their legitimacy by being accountable as stewards for the scare public funds. However, in a developing country such as South Africa, it may be difficult to develop and maintain accountable political leadership in a climate that is widely acknowledged to have become corrupt. This paper reflects on the ethics and the cost of unethical behaviour in general, and of corruption in local government procurement in South Africa in particular.


Abstract. This study develops the use of spectral total and diffuse irradiance measurements, made from a prototype hyperspectral total-diffuse Sunshine Pyranometer (SPN-S), to retrieve layer fine-mode aerosol (τaer) and total optical depths from airborne platforms. Additionally, we use spectral analysis in an attempt to partition the total optical depth it into its τaer and cirrus cloud optical depth (τcld) components in the absence of coarse-mode aerosols. Two retrieval methods are developed: one leveraging information in the diffuse irradiance, and the other using spectral characteristics of the transmitted direct beam, with each approach best suited for specific cloud and aerosol conditions. SPN-S has advantages over traditional sun-photometer systems including no moving parts and a low cost. However, a significant drawback of the instrument is that it is unable to measure the direct beam irradiance as accurately as sun-photometers. To compensate for the greater measurement uncertainty of the radiometric irradiances these retrieval techniques employ ratioed inputs or spectral information to reduce output uncertainty. This analysis uses irradiance measurements from SPN-S and the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) P-3 aircraft during the 2018 deployment of the ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) campaign and the 2019 Cloud, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex) mission to quantify above-aircraft cirrus τcld and derive vertical profiles of layer τaer. Validation of the τaer retrieval is accomplished by comparison with collocated measurements of direct solar irradiance made by the Sky-Scanning Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (4STAR) and in situ measurements of aerosol optical depth. For the aggregated 2018 ORACLES results, regression between the SPN-S based method and sun-photometer τaer values yield a slope of 0.96 with an R2 of 0.96, while the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 3.0 × 10−2. When comparing the retrieved τaer to profiles of integrated in situ measurements of optical extinction, the slope, R2, and RMSE values for ORACLES are 0.90, 0.96, 3.4 × 10−2, and for CAMP2Ex are 0.94, 0.97, 3.4 × 10−2 respectively. This paper is a demonstration of methods for deriving cloud and aerosol optical properties in environments where both atmospheric constituents may be present. With improvements to the low-cost SPN-S radiometer instrument, it may be possible to extend these methods to a broader set of sampling applications, such as ground-based settings.


During the migration period of Cysticercus pisiformis, the largest changes in the morphological parameters of rabbit blood occur on the 25th and 35th day and register hemoglobinemia (78.97 ± 1.21 g / l and 80.22 ± 1.01 g / l) (р˂0.001)), erythropenia (3.76 ± 0.21 T / l and 3.98 ± 0.11 T / l (p˂0.001)) and an increase in white blood cells by 32.1% and 29.1%. Eosinophilia (6.24 ± 0.31 and 5.02 ± 0.12% (p˂0.01)), lymphopenia, monocytosis and an increase in rod-shaped neutrophils by 61.4% and 47.3% were registered in the leukoformula. An increase in the leukocyte intoxication index by 43.9% and 51.5% indicates a significant inflammatory process during the migration of C. pisiformis.


Micro small and medium enterprises now play a crucial role in global competition, therefore, constitute one of the sectors with the highest contribution in strengthening the economy of the various countries, the diversity of activity that they are generated for produce goods and services and promote employment. Faced with this panorama arises the need to create professionals capable of breaking paradigms and to achieve this requires a completely different vision and approach and it is here where higher education becomes important role. Viewed this way, the universities must choose the best way to give answers to the important events that are occurring and will require one hand to transform the way of conceptualizing the competitive world in which it operates and the other to evaluate their impact. The proposed model seeks to promote, develop and enhance cognitive, attitudinal and motivational skills of future graduates to become professionals able to create micro-enterprises generating employment. In other words, it is intended to educate for entrepreneurship, educate and educate about entrepreneurship through entrepreneurship. This research is located in the area of knowledge of Social Sciences, responds to the line management research and education. As the object of study will be addressed under the constructivist epistemic model. As philosophical phenomenology is assumed and will be based on the interpretive paradigm. Regarding the methodological trajectory will arise as an ethnographic research and be considered from a holistic perspective and naturalist. Depending on the nature it will be framed in the qualitative paradigm.


Most farmers were used to apply mass fertilizer on potatoes,thus,caused nutrient deficiency and single component in soils,and the quality of potatoes was decreased.The test through the ridge aboveground cultivation model,studied the effects of different fertilization treatments on yield,quality and other related traits.The results showed that the treatment using Stabilized Fertilizer ENTEC had obviously improved agronomic characters,yield,vitamin C content,protein content and commodity rate of potato than other conventional fertilization treatments,and the yield and commodity rate were significantly higher than other treatments.Starch content,though,was only 15.03% in the treatment ENTEC,the starch yield in unit area increased due to the increased yield.


Managed pressure drilling (MPD) is a technique utilized in drilling to manage annular pressure, hold reservoir influx, and divert mud returns away safely from the rig floor through a closed loop system. Thus, MPD plays key roles in well control operations and in drilling deepwater wells. However, despite the operational, safety, and economic benefits, limited information is available on understanding the complexity of MPD system. Furthermore, the oil and gas industry currently relies on a flow monitoring system for earlier kick detection but faces severe flaws and limited progress has been made on approach that monitors kick from downhole due to the complexity of offshore drilling operations. Thus, the main objective of this research is to assess the safety and reliability of MPD. In this research, following novel contributions have been made: several dynamic downhole drilling parameters have been identified to enhance earlier kick detection technique during drilling, including about 33 – 89% damping of bit-rock vibrations due to gas kick; a reliability assessment model has been developed to estimate the failure probability of an MPD system as 5.74%, the assess the increase in reliability of kick control operation increases from 94% to 97% due to structural modification of the MPD components, identify that MPD operational failure modes are non-sequential, and identify that an MPD control system is the most safety-critical components in an MPD system; an automated MPD control model, which implements a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) and a two-phase hydraulic flow model, has been developed to perform numerical simulations of an MPD operation; and lastly, an integrated dynamic blowout risk model (DBRM) to assess the safety during an MPD operation has been developed and its operation involves three key steps: a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model, a numerical simulation of an MPD control operation, and dynamic risk analysis to assess the safety of the well control operation as drilling conditions change over time. The DBRM also implemented novel kick control variables to assess the success / failure of an MPD operation, i.e. its safety, and are instrumental in providing useful information to predict the performance of / diagnose the failure of an MPD operation and has been successfully applied to replicate the dynamic risk of blowout risk scenarios presented in an MPD operation at the Amberjack field case study from the Gulf of Mexico.


What seems relevant to us for highlighting in this study is the approach of the ministerial liability within the Romanian constitutional and legal system starting with the first document of constitutional value, namely the Developing Statute of the Paris Convention of 1858 until today,that is the Constitution of Romania, revised in 2003 and republished. Having in view that this is a generous study topic covering over 150 years of constitutional and legal evolution of ministerial liability in Romania, it is necessary to specify from the very beginning the need of a diachronic approach of this topic by identifying all Romanian Constitutions that have regulated the constitutional system during this period of time. Moreover, we have to specify that, during this period of time, Romania has experienced several forms of governance, namely monarchy, people's republic, socialist republic and semi-presidential republic. With this approach, the proposed study opens a complex and complete yet not exhaustive vision in the current scope of the ministerial liability. It is also the reason why the study begins with preliminary considerations in which the terminology used in the content of the study is justified. Following a key-scheme, there are successively examined the two major parts of the study, namely the general theory regarding the concepts of ministerial responsibility and liability and the Romanian constitutional, legal and doctrinaire milestones of the ministerial liability.


To plan an industrial robot's point-to-point joint motion that has velocity constraints, the cubic polynomial interpolation planning method has angular acceleration discontinuity. The quintic polynomial interpolation planning method needs to set in advance the angular acceleration values of target points and easily causes angular velocity fluctuation. Because of the existence of quintic polynomials, hybrid polynomial planning 3-5-…-5-3 also easily causes large angular velocity fluctuation. To solve these problems, a hybrid polynomial interpolation planning method based on cubic and quartic polynomial interpolation is proposed. Cubic polynomial interpolation planning is applied to the first planning, and quartic polynomial interpolation planning is used for the rest of planning. The planning method can not only specify the angular velocities of intermediate target points but also ensure the continuity of angular acceleration. In addition, there is no need to set in advance the angular acceleration values of target points so as to avoid the angular velocity fluctuation caused by the unreasonable presetting of angular acceleration. Furthermore, in order to avoid excessive peaks of angular velocity during the joint motion planning, a calculation method for finding out reasonable motion time is put forward, under which the larger speed at two target points is taken as maximum, thus making the planned angular velocity fluctuation small. A case study is performed to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the planning method. Compared with the other two planning methods used for the case study, our planning method can effectively solve the problems of point-to-point joint motion planning with velocity constrains, therefore being beneficial to the working performance and service life of an industrial robot.


The present invention discloses a hydrocracking heavy oil dual solid phase suspended bed reactor, comprising a housing, a conical bottom, and a nozzle draft tube, the top of the housing is provided with material outlet provided at the bottom end of the tapered housing , draft tube open at both ends and coaxially disposed within the housing, a nozzle provided at the bottom a conical bottom; loose gas nozzle having an outlet aperture, the drive gas outlet and a liquid outlet and the gas outlet aperture proximate the bottom of the loose bottom cone, the drive comparing gas outlet and a liquid outlet aperture of the gas outlet loose. The present invention also discloses a double solid phase application a suspension bed reactor in the heavy oil hydrocracking processes. The reactor of the present invention, use of two different catalyst particle sizes, low activity of the catalyst fine particles play micron suction power, absorption action metal, and is discharged together with the liquid material in operation; high activity hundred microns level coarse particles of the catalyst, the reaction is always to maintain a high activity and long-term stay involved in the reaction, improves the efficiency of the catalyst in the reactor.


Procedures for the transient analysis of openings in jointed rock are developed and applied to several problems. The rock masses are modeled by rigid blocks with edge‐to‐edge interaction at joints and are coupled to sur rounding finite elements for transmission of waves to the opening. Studies of the dynamic response of caverns show that failing blocks slide intermittently and displace the most when shear wave lengths are about twice the cavern height.


In this paper, the characteristic of supervisory test were analyzed through the comparison of similarities and differences between supervisory and intermediary test against the misunderstanding of a part of supervisors to the supervisory test.


Multicarrier communication becomes a natural choice to transmit multimedia content at high data rates. Among multicarrier communication techniques, the combination of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems is very effective for high data rate wireless communication. In this paper, we propose a cross layer optimization technique for transmitting H.264/AVC video data over a MIMO-OFDM wireless channel. A set of fast time-varying and frequency selective fading channels is considered. The channel is assumed to be unchanged for the duration of one OFDM block and change independently from one OFDM block to the other. The number of pilot symbols for each OFDM block is held constant and they are dispersed throughout the block for efficient channel estimation. The video transmission system uses a jointly optimal space frequency (SF) code design and pilot placement scheme. Rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes are used for channel protection. The problem formulation selects the set of source and channel coding rates along with the optimal pilot placement for a total bit rate constraint. The performance of the optimal power allocation case is compared with the equal power distribution case. At the transmitter, we have developed a method for the estimation of the video distortion at the receiver for given channel conditions. The accuracy of this method is validated using experimental results. Computer simulation results are shown for a 2 x 2 MIMO-OFDM system but the results can be extended to MIMO-OFDM systems with any number of transmit and receive antennas.


"METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF A FACEPIECE INSERT, INSERT piece facial mask BODY respiratory, And Respirator". A facepiece insert (16) having a fluid communication means (30, 32) not integrally united with a supporting portion (34). The insert may be made by (a) providing at least one support portion (34) of a facepiece insert (16); (B) providing at least one fluid communication component (30, 32) separately from the support portion (34) of the facepiece insert (16); and (c) attaching the at least one fluid communication component (30, 32) on at least one support portion (34).


Optical trapping of nanoparticles is realized by optical gradient force originated from the intensity gradient of light with a focused beam. It is expected that the gradient force depending on the circular polarization (CP) acts on particles with chiral structures. Here, we investigate the CP-dependent gradient force on the chiral gold nanoparticles. We found that the amplitude (dispersion of the position of the Brownian motion) depends on the handedness of the incident light in both cases of D- and L-form particles. Based on the results on the gradient force for the chiral particles, it is expected that chiral nanomaterials can be handled by the circularly polarized light.


Based on an investigation about the situation of layout of primary and high schools in the poor areas in the countryside,this article analyzes many problems which are lack of funds,improper adjustment,bad accommodation,severe drop-off schooling,prevented pre-schooling education,etc.It puts forward scientific programming,reasonable layout,having other measures together,insuring education to throw in,improving environment in boarding schools,helping poor students,optimizing teacher's troops,and developing pre-schooling education these six constructive suggestions.


The ambiguity of macroscopic description of light pressure on continuous medium originates from the uncertainty of dividing the energy-momentum tensor of electromagnetically excited matter into material and field parts or, equivalently, the total acting force into pressure and deformation terms. We show that from the continuum of formally correct formulations, one can adopt the appropriate form of the macroscopic field stress tensor that allows unified description of pressure during elementary light-matter interactions in right-handed and left-handed frequency dispersive media. The proposed expressions for the pressure force are simple, convenient and compatible with the polariton momentum fik. The corresponding electromagnetic momentum density generalizes Rytov's definition.


To describe an anatomic and clinical outcome study of transorbital neuroendoscopic surgical (TONES) for the repair of complex anterior cranial fossa (ACF) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.


A systematization of approaches to the definition of «sustainable development» has been provided in this article. It has been concluded that there is no unambiguous definition of sustainable development. This term is interpreted by scholars from the standpoint of their own subjective judgments. The definition given in the national strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine until 2030 can be considered as the most acceptable. It has been noted that in the implementation of the concept of sustainable development, the regional (subnational) level should be the determining factor. This is due to the fact that the region is the subject of integration relations, where the goals of sustainable development are most adequate to its position in the system of management of the national economy and regional association. It has been noted that the implementation of sustainable development tasks at the regional level requires: development of socio-economic and environmental development programs; formation of local budgets taking into account the priority of goals and objectives of sustainable development; implementation of a set of measures for balanced development of regions. It has been determined that for further implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the regional dimension, it is necessary to develop a new methodology taking into account the effective allocation of productive forces. It has been emphasized that the deployment of productive forces is a tool to achieve effective implementation of the concept of sustainable development. A scheme to ensure sustainable development of the regions, taking into account the factors of the APF has been suggested by the authors. There are three main areas: development of sustainable development strategies for each region; the formation of local budgets taking into account the priorities and goals of sustainable development and the formation of an effective policy of the APF in the context of sustainable development. It has been noted that the last area is the main one and needs the most attention in the research process. It has been concluded that sustainable development in the region is possible through the development and implementation of regional strategies and programs of sustainable development, as well as in the development of coordinated regional development policy in the context of sustainable development and local budgets taking into account the priority of sustainable development.


[Objective] To establish the evaluation indicators for selecting the appropriate technologies fou rural health. [Methods] Delphi method was used to call for consultation in three rounds from 19 experts to select and modify the indicators. [Results] After the two rounds of expertise consultation in one month, 9 indicators were selected. [Conclusion] It is precon- dition to establish the scientific, systemic and applied evaluation indicators for selecting appropriate technolodies for rural health.


Periarticular soft tissue disorders (PSTD) are typical manifestation of immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases, primarily spondyloarthritis. However, in real clinical practice, physicians involved in the management of patients with musculoskeletal diseases often have to deal with "non-systemic" PSTD resulting from trauma, physical exertion, or degenerative processes associated with endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. PSTD causes acute and chronic pain, significant impairment of function and deterioration in the quality of life. The treatment of this pathology is complex and includes non-drug methods, painkillers and local injection therapy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) drugs occupy an important place in this treatment. Their use is pathogenetically justified, because when the tendon and enthesis are involved, the internal environment (intercellular matrix) change, and its basis is natural hyaluronate, which provides the viscoelastic properties of biological structures, as well as regulates metabolism, proliferative and immune processes. A relatively low molecular weight HA drug (530–730 kDa) has favorable rheological parameters, anti-inflammatory and anabolic potential, which makes it the drug of choice for local injection therapy of PSTD. This review briefly presents data on the pathogenesis of PSTD and the advisability of HA drugs use for its therapy, as well as the evidence base for the use of HA (530–730 kDa) in various types of ligamentous apparatus lesions.


Extrusion press, in particular for aluminum or aluminum alloys, with a separating device (10), wherein the separation device (10) has a pivoting cylinder (14) having at its lower end at least one cutting surface (11) and the cylinder (14) in the rest position on the mouth of a die (20) or of a recipient arranged and perpendicular to perform a separating cut to the extrusion direction (R characterized, in that at the lower end of the cylinder (14) comprises two V-shaped toward each other disposed cutting surfaces (11a, 11b) are provided, which touch each other in a cutting tip (19) and including less between them an acute angle (γ) 45 °, wherein the distance of the cutting tip (19) to the front side (21) of the die (20) or the recipient is adjustable and this adjusted distance is stored.


PVT свойств в однофазной области и свойств на линии фазового равновесия.The parameters of the intermolecular interaction potential of 2,2-dimethylpropane are obtained. Determination of the parameters was performed by Zeno line. It was shown that the quaternary carbon atom makes a minor contribution to the intermolecular interaction. However, variations of the potential parameters of this interaction center can more accurately predict the thermodynamic properties. The resulting model of intermolecular interactions showed a good description of PVT properties of the single-phase region and the properties on the phase equilibrium line.


A subtle and yet simple argument is conventionally advanced about the role of political elites in the development of political systems. Shorn of all its qualifications and complexities, the argument is reduced to this: the establishment of viable national political institutions and the emergence of effective governmental performance depend in some important measure upon the cohesiveness, homogeneity, and unity exhibited by the political leadership of a nation. For Mosca, the effectiveness of the governing stratum hinged on the recruitment of its members from among the dominant social types.' Keller stresses cohesiveness regarding values as the key to the effectiveness of "strategic elites," asserting that "as societies become more differentiated a considerable degree of cohesion and consensus is needed at the top."2 Lasswell believed that the evidence from the experience of industrialized societies supported an "agglutination hypothesis"--that elites would tend to show broad commonalities with respect to values.3 Field and Higley go so far as to assert that "the presence of a consensual unified elite is necessary for institutional stability and, hence, for all the better features of political rule."4 Most succinct is perhaps Putnam's dictum: "The argument that elite integration fosters political stability and effectiveness is very prevalent and very persuasive."5 If the theory of elite integration, in its boldest form, is roughly correct, then we would surely expect political elites in industrialized societies to exhibit a greater degree of coherence, homogeneity, and unity than comparable elites in less advanced countries. Indeed, either directly or indirectly, analyses of the role of elite integration in political development adumbrate this general expectation.6 This consanguinity between elite integration and political development has been described eloquently by Putnam.


Tuning the control parameters of the feed drives for existing state of the art CNC machine tools, or retrofitting obsolete machine tools requires a close understanding of the position control process. The use of a mathematical model of the feed drive, combined with a computer simulation process is needed in order to fulfill the above mentioned tasks. In this paper some simulation tools for studying the CNC motion control systems are presented. Both single axis positioning regime and biaxial linear and circular interpolation regime were taken into consideration. The main goal of the research was to offer a handson integrated simulation tools compatible and able to use for improving the performances of both the existing industrial CNC controllers and also the PC-based controllers for retrofitted machine tools.


During the difficult political and economic situation of 1807-1808, an institutional change that could have had a serious effect on the correlation of powers in Havana took place: Godoy's creation of the Admiralty in 1807. The establishment of the institution had a significant influence on how the events unfolded during those critical moments in the island's history. However, its short-lived existence has made its influence go by virtually unnoticed in Cuban politics by researchers specializing in this period.


A simple two-terminal memristive device has excellent scaling properties. For example, devices with footprint below 10×10 nm2 have been recently demonstrated and crossbar structures provide means of sustaining memristor density in large-scale circuits. While taking advantage of high density memristive devices is relatively straightforward in crossbar memory circuits, doing so efficiently in digital logic circuits still remains challenging. For example, only a small fraction (less than 1% on average) of memristive devices is actively utilized, i.e. turned to highly conductive state, in CMOL FPGA circuits which are configured to implement representative benchmark circuits. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate that such utilization can be much higher, more than 12%, in certain variety of CMOL FPGA circuits which are specifically designed for high throughput processing of streaming data. The high memristor device utilization is demonstrated by performing detailed mapping of network and image processing tasks and is mainly due to efficient use of high fan-in logic gates implementing exact and approximate pattern matching operations with streaming data. As a result of high utilization proposed circuits are estimated to have much higher computational throughput as compared to traditional approaches and represent a killer application which capitalizes efficiently on the density advantages of memristive devices.


This report presents the recorded acoustic data and the computed narrow-band and 1/3-octave band spectra produced by F-18 and F-16XL aircraft in subsonic flight over an acoustic array. Both broadband-shock noise and turbulent mixing noise are observed in the spectra. Radar and c-band tracking systems provided the aircraft position which enabled directivity and smear angles from the aircraft to each microphone to be computed. These angles are based on source emission time and thus give some idea about the directivity of the radiated sound field due to jet noise. A follow-on static test was also conducted where acoustic and engine data were obtained. The acoustic data described in the report has application to community noise analysis, noise source characterization and validation of prediction models. A detailed description of the signal processing procedures is provided. Follow-on static tests of each aircraft were also conducted for which engine data and far-field acoustic data are presented.


F ractals such as the Sierpinski triangle, the Koch curve, and the Heighway dragon, shown in figure 1, are constructed using simple rules, yet they exhibit beautifully intricate and complex patterns. All three fractals possess self-similarity—that is, the fractal is composed of smaller copies of itself. But only the first two fractals have symmetries. In this article we show how to use group theory, which is often used to describe the symmetries of objects, to create symmetric fractals.


This paper examined comparative assessment of performance of Day and Boarding students in senior secondary school certificate mathematics examination in Kassena-Nankana and Asuogyaman districts of Republic of Ghana. An ex-post facto research design was adopted, using a multistage probability proportion to size (MPPS) method to select the samples from the population used in this study. Out of 11 Secondary schools in the two districts 4 whose results were consistently released for years were selected for the study. Hypothesis was tested while the analyses of data were presented using t-test for differences between sample means. The study revealed that there was a significant difference between a student been a boarding student and day student. The study has implication for policy and practice in educational sector. KEYWORDS: Performance, Day Students, Boarding Students, Senior Secondary School Certificate Mathematics Examination


Republic of Serbia consumes about 15 million tons of equivalent oil per year (Mtoe). At the same time potential of the renewable energy sources is about 3,5 Mtoe/year. Main renewable source is biomass, with its potential of about 2,6 Mtoe/year, and 60% of the total biomass source is of agricultural origin. Mainly, that type of biomass is collected, transported and stored in form of bales. At the same time in one of the largest agricultural companies in Serbia (PKB) there are over 2000 ha of soya plantations, and also 4000 t/year of baled soya straw available, none of which being used for energy purposes. Therefore, efforts have been made in the Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy of the "Vinca" Institute to develop a technology for utilizing bales of various sizes and shapes for energy production. Satisfactory test results of the 1 MW experimental facility - low CO levels and stable thermal output - led to the building-up of a 1.5 MW soya straw bales-fired hot water boiler, with cigarette type of combustion, for the purposes of greenhouse and office heating in the PKB. Further more, achieving good results in exploitation of that hot water boiler, the next step is building up the first combined heat and power (electricity) production facility (CHP), which will use agricultural biomass as a fuel, in Serbia.


This research focuses on an essential truth that is when the employees find the leadership has a spiritual effect accompanied by a moderate Islamic model which is represented in mercy, charity, and faith, so they will feel that their benefits are protected and they are treated fairly,  also the existence of the suitable atmosphere which leads to their perception of the organizational support and this reflects on deducing of the organizational silence behavior and appearing the positive behaviors that represented in the satisfaction and loyalty to the organization and a faith of its vision and objectives.  We depend on a number of scales after adjusting them by using the exploration coefficient to suit with the two study samples which involved two schools affiliated to the two holy shrines (Imam Hussien and Alabbas) in Karbala. The total of the two samples reaches (178) and the statistical analyses are used. It is found that there is a positively affected relation between the spiritual leadership as an Islamic model and the perceived organizational support, an inverse relation between the spiritual leadership and the organizational silence and also an inverse relationship between the perceived organizational support and the organizational silence.
Keywords: The spiritual leadership Islamic leadership Perceived organizational support Organizational silence


Introduction Clinical investigations of intraspinal stem cell therapies are underway for a range of neurological diseases, including ALS, SCI, and MS. Originally considered entirely immuno-privileged, the CNS is now considered relatively privileged and immunological reactions to exogenously transplanted cell grafts have been demonstrated in mammalian models. -From these observations, immunosuppression regimens have been employed clinically. However, graft rejection remains a significant risk and an assay to non-invasively monitor the immune response to transplanted intraspinal cell grafts is essential.


In this paper the kinetics for TnC TnI affinity chromatography has been studied. A kinetics model, which contains the rate equation to describe the TnC TnI reaction system has been proposed. This model has been proved to be accurate according to the breakthrough curve data of TnI from affinity chromatography column. Therefore, the kinetic mechanism of affinity chromatography in the system of TnC TnI has been proposed for the first time. It indicates that the rate limiting step is the interaction between TnI and TnC immobilized on Sepharose 4B gel in the experimental conditions. The various parameters of above mentioned affinity chromatography system are determined by pulse analysis technique. These results have laid a foundation for scaling up, optimizing, designing and controlling this affinity chromatography system.


ABSTRACT The effects of straw input, including three strategies: chopped straw, straw-derived compost and biochar, on bacterial communities and chemical composition in maize rhizosphere were investigated according to a three-year field experiment. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that biochar input increased bacterial richness but decreased bacterial diversity in rhizosphere when compared with the results from no straw control. The functional prediction of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways confirmed that soil subjected to straw input changed the abundance of microbiomes involved in carbohydrate metabolism significantly. Metabolomics analysis showed that straw input changed the metabolite profile of the rhizosphere soil of maize, which was most evident in the treatment of chopped-straw input. The match between the global metabolic profiles and bacterial distribution patterns was weak by performing Procrustes analysis (m2 = 0.851, R = 0.386, P < 0.05). However, the associations between the special members of genera, predicted function involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and rhizosphere metabolites, including sugars and organic acid, were significant (P < 0.05).


The general operation of state reassignment is analysed using a method of Boolean matrix algebra. It is shown that state reassignment can be implemented by pre- and postmultiplication of a given (assigned) machine by a single operator. The physical interpretation of this operation is considered. Possible applications of this structure to the evaluation of optimal assignments are proposed.


Coconut products exports have been a traditional foreign exchange earner for Sri Lanka agricultural sector. The specific objective of the study was to analyze effect of export 'cess' rates on coconut products from Sri Lanka. Secondary data (1960 coconut products was used in the analysis. The a commodity supply and input demand by processi significant impact on the supply of all the coconut products exported, and also on the demand for fresh nuts by the processors. The results also indicated that export "CESS" changes, even in the case of complete removal, had no significant effect on the export demand for coconut products. The impact of simulations on the consumption demand for all the coconut p ranging from very low values to 0.39 per cent for changes on incomes of producers, processors, exporting firms and government analyzed through simulations indicated that caused positive growth rates i firms' income, whereas there was a on coconut products has various implications to all stakeholders. But it is essential to look into the development of the coconut industry in the long the government or competitive on one side, as well as th increase exports. Complete removal of export 'CESS' rates have an impetus for the private sector invest in the industry development to be competitive globally.


The experiment was conducted on mature 'Schley' pecan trees (ca. 7 trees per acre) at the LSU Pecan Station, Shreveport, LA. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 6 single tree replications per treatment. Applications were made with a John Bean 957 sprayer with each tree receiving ca. 35 gal per tree. Applications were made Mar 28 and evaluation occurred May 7 by counting the number of terminals infested and the number of phylloxera galls present on 100 randomly selected terminals per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.


Soil nailing technology has become one major supporting techniques of foundation pit in our country.In this paper application conditions and characteristics of soil nailing technology are introduced as well as its working mechanism.Author points out that soil nailing technology reduce the dangers of integrity collapse of soil,which increase the stability of foundation pit and should be popularized.


Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that histone cluster 1, H2be, encoded by HIST1H2BE, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues and primary tumors of the breast. HIST1H2BE mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast and to normal breast tissues. Up-regulation of HIST1H2BE expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.


University admissions policies throughout the country are undergoing review and revision, and universities are considering options which range from basing admissions most heavily upon objective criteria, such as SAT/ACT scores and/or high school rank, to favoring more holistic approaches, including individualized subjective reviews of accomplishments and characteristics reported in applications, and application essays. Variations of these approaches have been in practice at Texas A&M University for quite some time, yet little was known about how these admission practices were actually predicting the retention, academic performance, and graduation of students throughout the institution. Moreover, less was known about how accurately university-wide objective and/or subjective admission criteria predicted success for the students of very different colleges. This study identifies the admission criteria, which have best predicted academic success among engineering students from freshman cohorts 1997 through 2001. It specifically examines the predictive effectiveness of using "objective" merit-based criteria, in combination with subjective criteria, vs. using only "objective" admission criteria. Success outcomes of the subpopulation of students exempt from admission review due to high school rank or high SAT/ACT, are examined in relation to objective criteria only. The outcomes of the students who did not meet exemption criteria and were admitted due to favorable review of both objective and subjective admission criteria are examined in relation to objective criteria alone, and also in relation to objective and subjective criteria together. Results are observed and reported for male & female, white, Hispanic & African American subpopulations.


Introduction: Malignant biliary obstruction drainage is essential, since jaundice is associated with morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the recommended procedure for biliary drainage, with percutaneous biliary drainage being the classic alternative in cases of unsuccessful ERCP. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage has been emerged as a new option, with EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) being considered an effective and safe method in the drainage of distal obstructions of the common bile duct. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EUS-CDS performed in patients with distal malignant biliary obstructions, after failed ERCP. Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study between July 2017 and June 2022 including all consecutive patients submitted to EUS-CDS in our center. The primary outcomes were "technical success" and "clinical success," defined as "resolution of jaundice or improvement in total serum bilirubin level above 50% at 7th day and above 75% at 30th day after the procedure." Secondary outcomes were procedure-related adverse events, endoscopic reintervention, and survival time. Results: EUS-CDS was performed in 20 patients (65.0% male; median age 76 years). The most frequent etiology for the biliary obstruction was pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 17; 85.0%), and most patients presented at advanced stages of cancer (12/60% in stages III or IV). ERCP failure was mainly due to the presence of obstruction in the duodenal lumen (n = 11; 55.0%). Fully covered metallic stents were used in all patients, mostly HotAxiosTM (n = 15; 75.0%). The technical success rate was 100%, and the clinical success rate was 89.5% (n = 17/19) at 7th day and 93.3% (n = 14/15) at 30th day. Four patients (20.0%) developed cholangitis within the first 30 days after the procedure; there were no late complications, and no patient died as a complication of the procedure. In 2 patients (10.0%), endoscopic reintervention was necessary due to stent migration, incidentally detected. Median survival was 93 days (minimum 5–maximum 751). Conclusion: EUS-CDS was effective in biliary decompression of malignant obstructions of the common bile duct, with high clinical success and a favorable safety profile.


throughout the area surrounding the mound. Three clusters of isolated monopolar magnetic anomalies are suspected to represent cemeteries. Possible compound fences, perhaps similar to those depicted on the Terán map, also were identified. McKinnon argues that the Battle Mound site was clearly not a "vacant" ceremonial center, and he discusses the implications of varying approaches toward interpreting spatial scale when using models such as the Terán map. The Battle Mound site likely was occupied for several centuries, but given the nature of the available data, the chronological resolution is poor. Only three radiocarbon dates, all from the mound area, have been obtained, and the limited excavations inhibit conclusions about the sequences and timing of changes in use of space. In the final chapter, McKinnon recommends that future work concentrate on investigating the nature of the geophysical anomalies to verify the hypothesized residential and cemetery areas and on the recovery of datable materials to understand the timing of construction and use of this extensive site. This report is a superb example of combining previously unpublished field research carried out more than a half century ago with up-to-date geophysical techniques to produce a body of information that will be fundamentally important in future research in the Caddo area and the U.S. Southeast. It is an excellent addition to the high-quality volumes in the Arkansas Archeological Survey's Research Series.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for implementing this and method for making the catalyst container. This method is essentially in a single semi-automatic production line, in station 1, to prepare at least one single body, to bond the blocking mattress over said single body, subassembly obtained the positioning is inserted into the pre-cut tube, be engraved by its technical characteristics the tube to be transferred in a particular means 4 for rotating the clamping holding the tube, the end of the pre-cut tube to be deformed heating the parts, after reaching a predetermined temperature, the deforming the both end portions, spinning or unloading pulled out towards the resulting container a continuous cooling device by stamping processing operations, container storage means 9 is received in the finally stored, characterized in that the adjustment, or the subsequent assembly is constituted from being performed.


Development and evolution of desiccation cracks in bentonite-sand mixtures are strongly dependent on the physico-chemical boundary conditions. To investigate effects of solution chemistry and mixture bentonite content on cracking behavior, we conducted well- controlled dehydration experiments and applied X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) in conjunction with Mathematical Morphology to visualize and quantify geometrical features of evolving crack networks. Samples with varying bentonite content were saturated with 0.05 and 0.5 molar NaCl solutions, dehydrated under constant temperature, and scanned with X-ray CT at constant time intervals. Obtained 3-D images were analyzed based on Mathematical Morphology to quantify crack porosity, specific surface area, and aperture distributions of crack networks.


WITHIN traditional Chinese thought, eating means far more than just filling the stomach or gastronomic pleasure. In Confucian terms, it is a vehicle for social etiquette


The invention discloses a system for protecting disk data. The system comprises a computer and key equipment which is connected with the computer, wherein a first key is always stored in the key equipment; the key equipment generates a second key according to the first key and characteristic information of sectors; the second key is used for performing encryption and decryption on data on a protected disk to ensure that the data stored in the protected disk are always in the encrypted state, and the protected data can be used only under the condition that the key equipment, the specified computer and the specified disk coexist; and the second key is obtained by operation according to specific sector characteristics, so that a key of each protected sector is different, the possibility of leakage of all data caused by accidental leakage or deduction of the keys is avoided, and the safety and usability of the computer in the using process are improved to a large extent. The invention also discloses a method for protecting the disk data.


Disclosed herein are methods of preventing acute renal fail ure, ARF, as well as treating and accelerating the recovery of patients experiencing ARF. The inventors believe that an elevated serum uric acid, either occurring at baseline in the patient, or being brought about post-operatively is a major factor leading to ARF. Specifically exemplified are methods that involve administering to a patient at risk of experiencing ARF a composition comprising a uric acid lowering agent.


Abstract The article engages the literature on political parties in semi-authoritarian regimes to examine the state and Islamists' strategies in the aftermath of the 2011 Arab uprisings in Morocco. The pace of state reforms and the regime's institutional flexibility pre-Arab spring, the cosmetic reforms in the new constitution, and the 2011 legislative elections so far have insulated the Moroccan regime against any meaningful constitutional and institutional changes. However, the electoral contests produced an opportunity for the Islamist Party of Justice and Development (PJD) to enter the Moroccan political scene at the helm of the government. Using extensive field research and interviews with PJD members, I argue that the party is pursuing a pragmatic 'refolutionary' strategy within the regime's constitutional rules of the game, aiming to mitigate the authoritarian features of the government while tackling, with limited success, Morocco's major socio-economic issues. Ultimately, the regime's control over the political system continues to influence Moroccan politics. The monarchy has a long tradition of managing opposition parties through cooptation and confinement, allowing opposition parties some stake in power, while the king and the palace's shadow government of advisers are firmly in control.


In order to solve free rider and tragedy of the commons problems in peer-to-peer(P2P) systems,this paper proposed a novel incentive based on game theory.While trying to maximize its own utility subjected to individual rationality,every peer allocated bandwidth resources efficiently according to competing peers' contribution values to maximize the social utility.The simulation result shows that the incentive increased the social utility of the whole P2P system rapidly and incentive every peer to share resources effectively.


Recently, strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to bending moments and shear forces is receiving increased and continuous attention. The bending and shear stresses are considered the main factors affecting on the strength of (RC) beams. Cracks around the opening in the beams occurs because of the stress concentrations generated ahead of openings, that leads to reduce the beam load capacity and stiffness and increase the deflection and crack widths of the beam. In this work, a numerical program was designed to investigate the behavior of RC beams drilled with opening and strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The well-known finite element program named ANSYS with version 19 was used. The parameters which have been studied include the relative dimensions of the opening with respect to the dimensions of the beam. A 3-D finite element analysis with a steady state loading conditions has been considered to model and idealize the problem. The results in the present work proved that using the suggested shape of strengthening for drilled RC beams improved its load bearing capacity, deflection and the modes of failure of the beams. It was also found that the height of the opening is more effective than its length in reducing the load bearing capacity of the beam.


In recent years, my country's scientific and technological research has been rapid, and its application in related education fields has gradually shown great advantages. Science and technology have brought great convenience to students' acquisition of knowledge and related teaching resources, especially some computer technology and related software are also of great help to students' learning. In computer-aided design, the application of information digitization in the teaching process is relatively extensive. Teachers can help students to continuously improve their design skills by introducing relevant content in daily teaching, and it is also more conducive for students to master relevant design knowledge. Based on this, the article analyzes and explores the application of computer three-dimensional modelling technology in environmental art design.


This letter presents an ultra-high dynamic range dual-mode light sensing module, based on dual $3\times 3$ single-photon-avalanche-diode (SPAD) array switching between single-photon mode (SPAD-Mode) and linear mode (PD-Mode) automatically by a newly proposed hybrid auto-mode-switching (AMS) and auto-gain-control (AGC) algorithm. One SPAD array is working in SPAD-mode for low-light sensing. The readout circuit adopts an active quench circuit (AQC) to extend the saturation point of SPAD-Mode to get larger overlap region with PD-Mode for AMS. The other SPAD array is working in PD-mode for high-light sensing. The readout circuit integrates 7-Levels AGC to extend the dynamic range further. The SPAD array and SPAD-Mode readout circuit were fabricated in 180nmBCD process, while the process for PD-Mode readout circuit is 180nm. Experimental result shows that the proposed light sensing model can achieve 198dB dynamic range with AMS&AGC algorithm. The linearity error is 2.88% for SPAD-mode only. The measured max photon count rate of SPAD-Mode is 30.3MHz with AQC and dark count rate (DCR) is 80cps.


A soluble precursor of hexacene is prepared from a cycloaddition of hexacene and diethyl ketomalonate in high yield. It can be used to make hexacene thin-films through spin-coating for the fabrication of organic field effect transistors.


The literature writing is right now universally short of morality. Wang Anyi, out of her deep concern of being deficient of sense of sin, inherits useful section in the western Christian religion culture. She attempts to establish such a kind of moral bottom line to guarantee constructing and maintaining social moral principles by means of awakening the national sense of sin in her writings. Her works with profound moral sense show that the Chinese human intellectuals are concerned about our country and our people.


This qualitative study explores how parents decide to enroll their children in one-way immersion programs and how the decision is made to continue in those programs at the middle/junior high school level. A total of 131 parents responded to a survey with open-ended questions about these two decisions. Analyzed thematically and within a conceptual framework of parental involvement, these answers showed that parents at initial enrollment and during the school transition described themselves with strong role construction and self-efficacy. Enrollment decisions were based on encouraging language and culture learning, while continuation decisions were focused on educational opportunities and allowing the child to decide.


In 2009, the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (INAH) initiated a conservation project in the Maya archaeological site of Bonampak, which is located in the Lacandon Forest of Chiapas, Mexico. This project aimed at repairing the alterations produced in its monuments by regional seismic activity. In these circumstances, the presentation of the mural paintings of Temple 1 was analyzed and the specialists decided to make interventions to improve the reading of its very confused pictorial programme. Between August and December 2010, the muralpaintings in the third room of Temple 1 were cleaned, revealing new figures as well as obscured designs; hence, a new reading of the pictorial works appeared. Analyzing this work, this article proposes to continue the restoration of all pictoric surfaces of the temple.


As a part of research conducted to effect pollution a dewatering technique that allows for disposal of clay wastes, for reuse of water now lost with clays, and for reclamation of mined land was developed. The technique utilizes a high-molecular-weight nonionic polyethylene oxide polymer (PEO) that has the ability to flocculate and dewater materials containing clay wastes. In laboratory experiments, coal-clay waste, potash-clay brine slurry, phosphatic clay waste, uranium tailings, and talc tailings were successfully consolidated. Coal-clay waste was consolidated from 3.6 to 57%; potash-clay brine slurry was consolidated from 3.8 to 35%; phosphatic clay waste from 15.6 to 49%; uranium tailings from 15.4 to 67%; tailings from talc production from 9.7 to 53%; and an acidic TiO/sub 2/ slurr slurry from 1.68 to 30%.


A 39-year-old multigravida (gravida 3, para 2) presented with heavy post-coital bleeding with foul-smelling vaginal discharge and abdominal pain of recent onset. She had undergone an abdominal hysterectomy, for menorrhagia, with conservation of tubes and ovaries, 7 years previously. Speculum examination showed a 2 cm diameter bright red polypoid mass protruding from the vaginal vault. This was extremely tender and bled to the touch. The appearance was suggestive of vault granulation tissue, but due to the extreme tenderness, prolapse of the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube was also suspected. The severity of tenderness precluded a biopsy at the time. Subsequently, the mass was excised vaginally with cautery to the base, under general anaesthesia. Histological examination confirmed the prolapsed mass as fallopian tube with superficial chronic inflammation. The patient reported complete resolution of symptoms.


Description sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (Choline Alfoscerate) is a precursor in the biosynthesis of brain phospholipids and increases the bioavailability of choline in nervous tissue. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (Choline Alfoscerate) has significant effects on cognitive function with a good safety profile and tolerability, and is effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia[1][2].


Published by the Harvard-Yenching Institute HJAS 75.2 (2015): 480–486 resonance for contemporary scholars whose voices and ideas may conflict with those presented here but remain in dialogue with them. In short, this is a challenging book, but it has value, and it likely will be of use in graduate seminars on Japanese history, on historiography, and on theory. If intervention implies a disruption or corrective within a particular discourse, not all readers will find this work to be "an indication of new and original interpretive intervention" (p. 2), but it is certainly a provocative contribution to a meaningful dialogue. Although few scholars today would disagree with the premise that the times and texts of the Tokugawa period were dialogic, Hirano demonstrates how their particular dialogism significantly resonates with certain kinds of critical theory. The book simultaneously defamiliarizes the historical period under discussion as well as the theories applied to it.


The design is to control DC servo motor and design a DC servo control system by the computer.It measures the DC servo motors parameter by measuring element (displace sensor) and transforms some forms of information by using A/D conventer to the CPU.The CPU will compare the input signal and measuring signal and if there is error, according to the predetermined control law to produce a control signal to control motor ,the system makes input signal and measuring signal keep consistent. Control algorithm use digital PID controller .


Although advances in neonatal care have resulted in increased survival rates among extremely preterm infants (born < 28 gestational weeks), they still face substantial morbidity risks during the neonatal period. The question of possible later outcomes is a key issue faced by health care professionals working with these infants.

Objectives
The objective of the present thesis was to explore developmental outcomes of extremely preterm birth at corrected age 2.5 years. The included studies contribute to the general objective differently: Study I examines developmental differences between children born extremely preterm and full term, and prevalence of mild, moderate or severe developmental delay. Study II investigates developmental function differences between boys and girls born extremely preterm, and sex-specific predictors of functioning outcome. Study III examines the extent of behavioral problems in children born extremely preterm, and the relationships between extremely preterm birth, development, and behavioral problems.

Methods
As a part of the population-based Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS), 399 children born before 27 weeks of gestation and 366 control children born at term were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III), assigning scores for cognition, communication, and motor functions. Based on control group mean scores, prevalences of developmental delay in the preterm group were calculated (Study I). Sex-group differences in Bayley-III scores were calculated. Socioeconomic, birth, and neonatal factors were used in models calculated separately for boys and girls born extremely preterm, to determine sex-specific predictors of developmental outcome (Study II). The Child Behavior Checklist for the ages 1½–5 years (CBCL/1½–5) was used to obtain standardized parental ratings of children's behavioral functioning, assigning composite scores for internalizing, externalizing behavior and total problems. Group differences in behavioral difficulties and prevalence of clinical problems were calculated.

Results
Analyses showed significantly lower performances of the preterm group compared with the control group on the Bayley-III subtests. Prevalence of moderate-severe delay was 10.8% in cognitive, 11.8% in receptive communication, 14.5% in expressive communication, 12.4% in fine motor, and 7.0% in gross motor functions (Study I). Girls scored significantly higher than boys on all Bayley-III indices. In both sexes, brain injury, long-term ventilator treatment, and foreign-born mother predicted lower scores. Having breast milk by hospital discharge predicted higher scores. Severe retinopathy of prematurity was the strongest predictor of cognitive and language deficits in boys. For girls, high parental education predicted higher cognitive and language scores, whereas severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia was the strongest predictor of motor deficits (Study II). Preterm children had significantly higher mean T-scores on CBCL/1½–5 internalizing, externalizing and total problems, as compared with the controls, but these were still within average range. The proportion of subjects showing behavioral problems within the clinical range was significantly higher in the preterm group. Levels of cognitive, language and motor development mediated the between-group differences in behavioral problems.

Conclusions
Extremely preterm children show significantly lower cognitive, communicative and motor function levels at 2.5 years compared with children born at term. Extreme prematurity seems to affect boys more than girls. Socioeconomic and neonatal factors confer similar risks or protections to both sexes, but some variables pose certain risks for boys and some other for girls. Our findings encourage behavioral assessments during preschool years and emphasize the importance of considering multifactorial pathways of prediction when examining prematurity outcome.


Until the mid 1990's, Sobral had alarming social indicators, which were improved due to a structure based on committees and inter-sector collaboration among governmental and non-governmental actors. Sobral Children's Program and the Four-Leaf Clover Project, examples of this structure, will be described in further detail in order to demonstrate the importance of citizen participation in defining public policies and the impact that these and other programs have had in improving social and economic indicators in the municipality of Sobral.


Preserving sites of negative heritage poses particular challenges. The changeful nature of heritage can lead to "dissonance in heritage," which can result in friction between groups connected to a given piece of heritage, impeding decision-making around preservation. A key issue for sites of negative heritage is therefore not what sort of preservation approach should be employed, but rather how stakeholder groups influence the approach. Values-centered preservation is an important means of navigating tension between different groups. It centers on realizing multiple different values and integrating engagement into decision-making and ongoing management, promoting stakeholder participation. This thesis analyzes examples of a value-based preservation approach at three negative heritage sites in an effort to understand how this approach is used around negative heritage. The three sites are Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, Manzanar National Historic Site, and the African Burial Ground National Monument. The primary success of values-centered preservation at all three sites was that the final outcomes were different from those that were originally proposed by preservation professionals, largely due to pressure from the stakeholder communities. The primary failure at all of these sites was that, in all cases, the stakeholder communities had to force the conversation and create space for their values to be heard. As a field, and as a nation we must strive to more openly and readily address the dark patches of our history, and valuescentered preservation offers a framework for being more inclusive and proactive.


Sugar vinyl ethers and vinyl glycosides are conveniently synthesized by catalytic transfer vinylation with butyl vinyl ether, which serves as both the solvent and source of vinyl. The air‐stable catalyst (4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline)Pd(OOCCF3)2 is prepared in situ from commercially available components.


Biofilms are implicated in recurrent peritonitis in patients undergoing treatment with peritoneal dialysis. Major factors that regulate biofilm formation as well as strategies to reduce biofilm- related infections itt PD patients are highlighted in this article.


The effect of yield increasing bacteria on oat fresh grass product was studied by seed dressing and spray administration in a bi factor random sampling block test. The results showed that the yield increasing effects was obvious (P0.01). The most reasonable dose was 300 g/hm 2 for both methods. The two factors were independent each other, but mutual aid effect. Best match of combine usage was 300 g/hm 2 for the two methodes.


The stability issues in nonlinear systems such as multi-module power electronics systems, especially DC distributed power systems, are often dealt with by employing the impedance criterion. However, for on-line system stability monitoring, to direct measure the impedance of the source and load subsystems and then making comparisons is complicated and difficult. This paper proposes a practical and simple method, which involves utilizing voltage perturbation, to monitor the stability margin of DC distributed power systems. A voltage perturbation source is applied to the DC side of the system and only the amplitude of two voltages needs to be measured, therefore this method can be easily used for on-line stability monitoring. An implementation approach of this method, which does not employ additional voltage perturbation source but utilizes the front-end subsystem, is also presented. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of both the monitoring method and the implementation approach. A comparative evaluation of the voltage perturbation method versus the current perturbation method for stability monitoring is provided.


The invention relates to a stray light testing method and system for optical system to be tested. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) obtaining irradiance of image surfaces of the optical system to be tested in different field angles; 2) replacing the optical system to be tested by using an attenuation slice and obtaining the irradiance of the attenuation slice; 3) according to the irradiance obtained in the step 2 of the attenuation slice, obtaining the irradiance at an entrance pupil of the optical system to be tested; and 4) according to the step 1 and the step 3, obtaining the point source transmittance of the optical system to be tested. The stray light testing method and system for optical system to be tested provided by the invention can conduct objective evaluation to the stray light suppression level of the tested optical system and can avoid uncertainty in evaluation by adopting a stray light coefficient at present.


2012 was the last year of a major 5-year ARC-funded archaeology project in Vanuatu co-directed with Stuart Bedford in the ANU College of Asia and the Pacific.  Professor Spriggs' fieldwork participation involved a graduate field school on Santo Island, investigating a late Lapita site (c.2700 BP), the discovery on Aneityum, the southernmost inhabited island in Vanuatu, of the elusive Lapita site he missed by 15 metres in 1983, and the difficult task of investigating the archaeology of 'natural' sites on Tan


A bstyact :The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the learning models on the learning achievement in Mathematics viewed from the mathematical logical quotient of the students. The learning models compared were the cooperative learning model of the TSTS type, the Cooperative Learning Model of the GI type, and the direct learning model. This research used the quasi experimental research.  Its population was all of the students in Grade VII of State Junior Secondary Schools of Cirebon regency in Academic Year 2013/2014. The samples of the research were taken by using the stratified cluster random sampling technique and consisted of 364 students. They were grouped into three classes, namely: 123 in Experimental Class 1, 117 in Experimental Class 2, and 124 in Control Class. The instruments to gather the data were test of achievement in Mathematics on the learning material of Quadrangle, and test of mathematical logical quotient. The proposed hypotheses of the research were analyzed by using the two way analysis of variance with unbalanced cells. The results of the research were as follows. 1) The cooperative learning model of the TSTS type results in a better learning achievement in Mathematics than the cooperative learning model of the GI type and the direct learning model, the cooperative learning model of the GI type results in a better learning achievement in Mathematics than the direct learning model. 2) The students with the high mathematical logical quotient have a better learning achievement in Mathematics than those with the moderate mathematical logical quotient and those with the low mathematical logical quotient, the students with the moderate mathematical logical quotient have a better learning achievement in Mathematics than those with the low mathematical logical quotient. 3) There was an interaction the aforementioned learning models and the categories of the mathematical logical quotient on the learning achievement in Mathematics of the students. Keywords :TSTS, GI, and mathematical logical quotient.


Abstract We characterize the abelian groups $G$ for which the functors $\mathrm{Ext} (G, - )$ or $\mathrm{Ext} (- , G)$ commute with or invert certain direct sums or direct products.


In the previous chapter we have seen that in terms of HI coverage, MHI schemes are more equitable than the PHI schemes. However, we have also observed that some of the MHI schemes have not only excluded some low income households but also included high income households in their coverage. This chapter examines the factors determining HI coverage in MHI schemes. The significance of various factors such as Level of Education, Household Size, SHG membership status and Health Risk, on the probability to have HI coverage in each of the selected MHI schemes is being examined.