Objective To investigate the left ventricular- arterial coupling in refractory septic shock. Methods Fifty- three cases of refractory septic shock were collected. Cardiac index( CI),stroke volume index( SVI),left ventricular end- systolic elastance index( Eesl),effective arterial elastance index( Eal),effective arterial elastance / left ventricular end- systolic elastance( Ea / Ees),arterial blood lactate( Lac)and lactate clearance rate( r Lac) and other indicators were obtained at the beginning and the 24 th hour of monitoring. Patients were divided intoΔEa /Ees 0 group( n = 19) and ΔEa / Ees≤0 group( n = 34). The mortality rate at day 28 was obtained by follow- up. Results The mortality rate at day 28 in ΔEa / Ees 0 group was 68. 4%( 13 /19),significantly higher than 38. 2%( 13 /34) in ΔEa / Ees≤0 group( χ2= 4.444,P = 0. 035). r Lac in ΔEa / Ees 0 group was- 2. 6 ± 0. 3%,but it was 5. 9 ± 1. 3% in ΔEa / Ees≤0 group; there was a significant difference between the two( t = 9. 762,P 0. 001). CI and SVI at the 24 th hour in ΔEa / Ees ≤0 group were significantly higher than ΔEa / Ees 0group and Ea I,Ea / Ees were significantly lower than ΔEa / Ees 0 group. No significant difference was found in the remaining parameters. Stepwise logistic regression found that ΔEa / Ees and APACHE II score at the 24 th hour were risk factors for the mortality at day 28 in patients. Conclusion The study of left ventricle- arterial coupling in refractory septic shock has great significance for improving tissue perfusion and prognosis.


The brain mitochondrial system is of a special interest because of the high concentration of mitochondria in the synaptic regions of neurons. Klee and Sokoloff (1965) have demonstrated the occurrence of protein synthesis in brain mitochondria. Campbell et al. (1966) have isolated two distinct cell-free protein synthesizing systeins from immature rat brain, one localized in purified ribosomes, the other in mitochondria. The participation of the mitochondrial synthesizing system in synaptosoma1 protein synthesis is still discussed (Barondes 1966, 1968, Morgan and Austin 1968). Recent studies lend support to the view that mitochondria posses a remarkable degree of autonomy; they appear to contain some of the information and apparatus for macromolecular biosynthesis and possibly for their own biogenesis (Nass 1967, Karol and Simpson 1968, Meyer and Simpson 1969). In our previous work (Borkowski et al. 1967, 1968) we have demonstrated the difference between nucleic acids obtained from the whole brain and liver mitochondria. I t is evident that the tissue of the central nervous system is morphologically heterogeneous. Therefore in this communication the experiments performed on two anatomically distinct parts of an adult brain have been described.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to absorbent hygienic products. A main portion of the absorbent hygienic product comprises a liquid-permeable coating layer and a liquid-impermeable layer, and an external surface from the liquid-permeable coating layer. The main portion is coated with a first pattern and a second pattern visible through the external surface of the main portion by ink-printing, jet printing, stamping, slitting or combinations thereof. Applying the second pattern provides placing it so that it is spaced from the first pattern at various distances and differs from it. The first pattern and the second pattern together generate a sense of motion, thereby keeping quiet. EFFECT: localising the functional component related to the application of the product. 8 cl, 8 dwg


Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa: From Honor to Respectability. By Elisabeth McMahon. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xxvi, 265; 5 b/w illus., glossary, bibliography, index. $95.00.In May 1895 three runaway slaves on Pemba were captured and severely flogged. One of the men died from the beating, another was strangled while in irons, and the other was left shackled with his legs around a clove tree for seven months. Their owner, Ali bin Abdallah el-Hinawi, the wealthiest and most powerful Omani plantation owner on the island, had previously perpetrated similar actions without condemnation, but this time his community turned against him. In former times Ali's heshima (honor/respectability) had been secured by his Arab lineage, wealth in land and slaves, and connections to the Omani sultan. His family could enforce its wishes through fear and intimidation. But by 1895 a community on Pemba could formally rebuke powerful figures. Ali's heshima was called into question; he was arrested, imprisoned, and exiled. Elisabeth McMahon argues convincingly that the incident illustrates how the meaning of the Swahili term heshima shifted as ideals were reordered on Pemba in the post-emancipation era. "No longer would people be forced to recognize one's heshima; now heshima would be acquired as much through one's ability to cultivate respect from neighbors and friends as through powerful associations and wealth" (P- 161).The tiny island of Pemba (off of the coast of Tanzania) has much to teach us about life in post-emancipation societies-not just in Islamic East Africa, but also in the wider Indian Ocean world. McMahon's careful and nuanced exploration of Pemba during a vital period of transition challenges conventional perceptions of slavery and abolition in East Africa and advances new arguments about the relationships between colonialism, power, and honor. The book also makes significant interventions regarding gender and slavery.The thesis of this book is reflected in its title. The meaning of heshima on Pemba shifted "from honor to respectability" in response to powerful changes in the final years of the nineteenth century. Although wealthy individuals such as Ali bin Abdullah may have epitomized heshima as power in the nineteenth century, by the 1910s even the elite "had to begin working for heshima through communal behavior" (p. 162). McMahon builds on John Iliffe's work on honor in African history, but departs from him in subtle but significant ways. The primary vehicle for the honor/respectability transition was British intervention, but this was no top-down process. The author carefully avoids adopting what Sean Hanretta has called the "triumphalist" narrative of colonial emancipation, which reifies the notion that freedom and abolition were "alien" to Africa, and argues instead that the declaration of the Protectorate in 1890 and abolition decree of 1897 created opportunities as well as vulnerabilities for ex-slaves that had to be constantly negotiated. …


The Concept of Joint Criminal Enterprise widely used in International Criminal Law as a means of assigning individual criminal culpability. This paper presents the evolution of the concept and covers the fundamental tenets of JCE.


GaAs/GaAlAs multilayer structures are investigated by ECV technique on this paper. Two different MBE sample were used for investigation. The sample have a GaAs/GaAlAs junction. One sample is a HBT structure, the other one is a p-i-n photodiode structure. The multilayer structures were tested with different aqueous electrolytes and the ECV results were controlled by SR and TEM measurement, too.


Immunofluorescence and fluorescent microscopy permit the demonstration of fixation of antibody, previously made fluorescent, on a specific antigen. A direct technic reveals the antigen to which globulins representing the antibodies of immune serum, previously conjugated with a fluorescent substance, are fixed. An indirect technic makes use of antihuman globulins developed in rabbit sera and made fluorescent. The globulin antibodies, fixed on the homologous antigen, are made visible by this technic. The second technic is more widely used, as it demonstrates antibody fixation on any specific antigen without requiring previous conjugation of globulins with fluorescent material for each specific serum. It is of course significant to take essential precautions to avoid nonspecific fixation of excess Buorescent material on the proteins of the specific antigen. In 1963 we (.) were able to detect the presence of antileprosy antibodies in human leprosy sera, using leprosy bacilli obtained from nasal mucosa smears in lepromatous cases. The smears were fixed for ten minutes in cold acetone and then left for 30 minute~ in contact with the serum studied, After an antibody present in leprosy serum has been conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (direct technic) it can be fixed to the bacilli and becomes visible by fluorescent microscopy. After contact for 30 min~tes with the serum studied and rinsing In physiologic saline, the smears are covere? for 30 minutes with a drop of rabbit antiserum containing antihuman globulin previously made fluorescent, and the an-


Publication of the World Commissions on Dams (WCD) final report in November 2000 prompted a series of divergent responses. The global anti-dam movement applauded the report's call for fastidious screening of large dam projects and increased levels of transparency and participation in dam-related decisions, while the dam industry argued the document was irrevocably biased against large dams. Several anti-dam campaigns in specific localities almost immediately employed the WCD recommendations as a means of arguing against contentious projects. This article examines two of these struggles, one in northeast Thailand and one in the lower Zambezi Valley of Mozambique, to shed light on the impacts of the transnational WCD process and the variegated ways it intersects with conflicts in specific locales.


Abstract Shrouds were fitted over the discs of two types of commercial c.d.a. applicators. The effects of the shrouds when opened to varying degrees in relation to various disc positions, were assessed in terms of volume distribution pattern and droplet size distribution. Results showed that 150–180° of shroud opening combined with a disc position of 45° to the vertical, gave rise to the clearest improvement in spray pattern, minimising the double peak pattern produced by unshrouded discs and giving effective control of swath width during placement spraying.


Rainwater harvesting is increasingly seen as a strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and boosting farm income in many drought prone areas. While extensive efforts are going on in constructing and providing smallholder farmers with water harvesting technologies, such as rainwater harvesting ponds in many developing countries, there is conflicting evidence in the literature about the impact of such technologies on farm households. This study uses propensity score matching technique to assess the impact of rainwater harvesting ponds on farm household income in Rwanda. It then assesses the factors that influence adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds and the pathways through which the use adoption o f such ponds influence farm income. This study finds that households with rainwater harvesting ponds have significantly higher income than their counterparts of comparable observable characteristics. The study also finds evidence that increase in farm income occurs via increased input use, and that household size, physical and financial asset endowments and participation in farmer organizations/group condition the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting ponds. The study concludes that the major factors driving the adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds are endowment with physical assets, farm income, membership to a farmer organization, and household size. It also concludes that use of rainwater harvesting ponds has a positive impact on household farm income. The study concludes that adoption of rainwater harvesting technologies has positive benefits to farm households. The implication of these findings is that adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds presents a pathway for reducing rural poverty. The findings further imply that policies that target increasing farm incomes should promote participation of farmers in farmer organizations. The finding that impact of rainwater harvesting ponds occurs through increased use of purchased inputs suggest


This article discusses how literary texts are worked in the textbooks for the teaching foreign french drawn from the communicative approach and actionbased approach proposed in QECR (2001). We intend to situate historically the use of literary texts in teaching FLE and reflect on: a) the presence of literary texts in the textbook FLE, b) the proposed activities about literary texts. We want to give a clear idea of using literary texts in textbooks for FLE. We conclude that it is necessary to be proposed, in textbooks FLE, activities giving proper recognition to specificities of literary texts.


Aiming at the problem of difficult radar identification caused by complex system with similar parameters,a radar identification method based on syntactic pattern recognition is presented. Firstly the structure of known radar pulse data is analyzed,and the parameter of radar pulse sequences as the primitive in syntactic pattern recognition are described. Then the extended regular grammar is obtained through training the known samples,and a multidigit finite automaton is constructed to be the recognizer. Finally the radar sample data is selected to have recognizing experiment. The theoretical analysis and experimental results proved reliability and effectiveness of the syntax method.


THE ADVENT of historical consciousness and the rediscovery of musical treasures of the past brought composers in the nineteenth century face to face with a typically early-Romantic dilemma that had previously beset eighteenth-century poets, haunted by the ghosts of Milton and Shakespeare (Goethe's frank rejoicing that he was not an English writer and therefore not forced to compete with Shakespeare's achievement comes to mind). Compositions were no longer produced largely for their own milieu and age, consumed on the spot and then superseded, in the natural evolutionary order, by new works; instead, they lived on as models for subsequent generations-to be both loved and dreaded, for at the same time younger artists were enjoined to be original. The resulting, uniquely modern, conflict was one that each composer had to resolve in his own way. In Samuel Johnson's words, 'It is, indeed, always dangerous to be placed in a state of unavoidable comparison with excellence, and the danger is still greater when that excellence is consecrated by death'.' Malraux paraphrased the same observation much later with regard to creative artists in their youth: 'Every young man's heart is a graveyard in which are inscribed the names of a thousand dead artists but whose actual denizens are a few mighty, often antagonistic, ghosts'.2 Later works became, at their core, responses to earlier works in the assertion, whether conscious or unconscious, of priority: 'Where my predecessor's creation was, there let mine be'. The longing is impossible because the precursor irrevocably exists, nor would the late-comer wish him out of existence, but the desire to deny formative influences from others and to assert one's own uniqueness in an age that placed so high a premium on originality is part of the innermost fabric of music after Beethoven. The sense of creative impotence in the face of prior greatness is perhaps most marked when the dominating influence is immediate-Chausson's remark about the Wagnerian splendour that leaves behind it a darkness in which his successors grope vainly to light their own candles is an example;3 but the powers exercised by an earlier master on later artists can and do extend across several generations. For any German song composer in the later nineteenth century, particularly in Vienna, the great precursor was inevitably Schubert. The achievement was so prodigious, not only in number but in range and breadth, from the smallest-scale, finely carved miniatures that represent a ne plus ultra in intimacy to the dramatic ballad-cantatas and the splendour of the Muller cycles, that later composers might


, Abstract. Integrating cross-department multi-modal data (e.g., radiology, pathology, genomic, and demographic data) is ubiquitous in brain cancer diagnosis and survival prediction. To date, such an integration is typically conducted by human physicians (and panels of experts), which can be subjective and semi-quantitative. Recent advances in multi-modal deep learning, however, have opened a door to leverage such a process in a more objective and quantitative manner. Unfortu-nately, the prior arts of using four modalities on brain cancer survival prediction are limited by a "complete modalities" setting (i.e., with all modalities available). Thus, there are still open questions on how to effectively predict brain cancer survival from incomplete radiology, pathology, genomic, and demographic data (e.g., one or more modalities might not be collected for a patient). For instance, should we use both complete and incomplete data, and more importantly, how do we use such data? To answer the preceding questions, we generalize the multimodal learning on cross-department multi-modal data to a missing data setting. Our contribution is three-fold: 1) We introduce a multi-modal learning with missing data (MMD) pipeline with competitive performance and less hardware consumption; 2) We extend multi-modal learning on radiology, pathology, genomic, and demographic data into missing data scenarios; 3) A large-scale public dataset (with 962 patients) is collected to systematically evaluate glioma tumor survival prediction using four modalities. The proposed method improved the C-index of survival prediction from 0.7624 to 0.8053.


We read with interest the paper by Geisinger et al reporting 2 patients with sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) of the thyroid. We agree that primary mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) of the thyroid are rare, indolent tumors with a low-grade malignant potential. SMECE are also extremely rare neoplasms, which were first reported by Chan et al as a variant of MEC associated with a low-grade biologic course without distant metastases or tumor-related deaths. However, as Geisinger et al pointed out, based on the study of their cases as well as that of Bondeson et al, metastatic dissemination may also occur in SMECE. Our studies of a unique thyroid tumor showing a combination of papillary, mucoepidermoid and undifferentiated carcinoma and its cytologic features on fine needle aspirates (FNA) were recently published.In our case, the markedly fibrotic stroma of the areas of the primary tumor resembling MEC was infiltrated by mature neutrophils and eosinophils. Metastatic foci mimicking MEC and including eosinophilic infiltrate were found in 2 of the 6 lymph nodes. To the best of our knowledge, our case and another case reported by Franssila et al were the only 2 cases of MEC in which the patients died as a result of their thyroid tumors; curiously, foci of anaplastic transformation were observed in both cases. It has been postulated that MEC originates from solid cell nests, which in turn are thought to be of ultimobranchial body derivation." While the histologic and immunohistochemical findings of our case supported the aforementioned histogenetic hypothesis, we concur with Geisinger et al that this view is controversial. Our case showed, in retrospect, cytologic features of papillary, mucoepidermoid and anaplastic carcinoma. In accordance with Geisinger et al, we found cytomorphologic features of MEC in the form of malignant cellular sheets showing definite glandular structures (with hyaline bodies) and squamoid differentiation. In our case, the eosinophils were intermingled with neutrophils in a necrotic background that correlated well with the anaplastic areas. Taking in consideration that lumina containing eosinophilic, colloid-like, PASpositive material (hyaline bodies) are a constant finding in MEC,and based on the study of our case llmage II as well as on a previous review of 10 cases, we Jose Cameselle-Teijeiro, MD, PhD Department of Pathology Hospital Xeral de Galiria Santiago de Compostela, Spain


This research was supported in part by the Clayoquot
Biosphere Trust, Protected Area and Poverty Reduction
program, and Parks Canada.


The hemodynamic mechanism of increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during neural activation has not been elucidated in humans. In the current study, changes in both regional CBF and cerebral blood volume (CBV) during visual stimulation in humans were investigated. Cerebral blood flow and CBV were measured by positron emission tomography using H215O and 11CO, respectively, at rest and during 2-Hz and 8-Hz photic flicker stimulation in each of 10 subjects. Changes in CBF in the primary visual cortex were 16% ± 16% and 68% ± 20% for the visual stimulation of 2 Hz and 8 Hz, respectively. The changes in CBV were 10% ± 13% and 21% ± 5% for 2-Hz and 8-Hz stimulation, respectively. Significant differences between changes in CBF and CBV were observed for visual stimulation of 8 Hz. The relation between CBF and CBV values during rest and visual stimulation was CBV = 0.88CBF0.30. This indicates that when the increase in CBF during neural activation is great, that increase is caused primarily by the increase in vascular blood velocity rather than by the increase in CBV. This observation is consistent with reported findings obtained during hypercapnia.


This study investigates whether the volatility of exchange rate changes is affected by the volatility of stock returns for three industrialized countries, namely the US, the UK and Japan. These findings suggest that the volatility of home stock returns is a significant determinant of the volatility of exchange rate changes in all three countries, supporting the validity of the asset approach models to exchange rates for the US, the UK and Japan. Moreover, these results can be interpreted as evidence that the financial markets in these countries are integrated, in line with Zapatero (1995).


An instrument comprises a head piece and a proximalseitiges at least in the distal end region deflectable about a deflection mechanism shaft, wherein a control is provided by which the deflection movement of the shaft can be controlled by movement of control cables of the deflection mechanism. There is a lock for locking the deflection mechanism is provided. The lock includes a locking mechanism in such a way with the control element (40) is connected, that the latching mechanism, without actuation of the control element (40) inevitably passes into a locking position, and that a movement of the control element (40) in a direction initially causes opening of the latching mechanism and then allows a deflection of the shaft, and that a release of the control member in any position of the deflection mechanism an inevitable locked by the locking mechanism in this position, causes (Fig. 3).


Background: Non-classical HER2 FISH results were recently reclassified in the 2018 HER2 guidelines update, and concurrent IHC testing was recommended as part of additional workup to determine the final HER2 status in these groups. In this study, we explored the genomic landscape of HER2 FISH groups using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on invasive breast carcinomas. Methods: Fifty-one clinical samples with HER2 FISH and IHC results were included in our analysis and classified into FISH groups based on the updated 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2 testing guideline: (i) Group 1A with ratio ≥2 and signals/cell ≥6, (ii) Group 1B with ratio ≥2 and signals/cell ≥4 and 50% of exons). Results: Mean ddPCR ratios varied amongst the different FISH groups (P Conclusion: ERBB2 amplification using ddPCR and NGS is correlated with HER2 overexpression in both classical and non-classical FISH groups, thus providing genomic evidence to support the recent recommendation for concurrent IHC testing in cases with unusual FISH results. Our findings also highlight a potential role of ddPCR and targeted NGS in the workup of challenging HER2 cases. Citation Format: Yang S-R, Bouhlal Y, De La Vega FM, Ballard M, West RB, Sibley RK, Kuo CJ, Vilborg A, Allison KH. ERBB2 copy number analysis of invasive breast carcinoma using digital droplet PCR and targeted next-generation sequencing: A focus on 9non-classical9 HER2 FISH groups using the 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2 testing guideline [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-12.


Information technology is one of the most critical tools in higher education, and higher education becomes increasingly dependent on its IT capabilities. With the rapid development of information technologies, university's IT architecture have been changing accordingly. This article presents an improved reference model of university IT architecture named UNITA. UNITA is a general, comprehensive and extensible model, it consists of six layers, including hardware infrastructure, data and information resource, software system, user service, cyber security and IT governance. Compared with the existing model, the improvements of UNITA are: (a) both "service" and "IT governance" are listed separately as a layer in the model, (b) UNITA model reflects the "cloud-pipe-device" structure of the hardware, (c) UNITA model emphasizes the importance of data in higher education institute, (d) UNITA model can be applied to other enterprise industries and can be easily extended to adopt the emerging new technologies.


Quality requirement of recycling pulp is recently getting stricter, and on the contrary, quality of waste paper as a raw material is getting worse rapidly. Accordingly screen processes of recycling paper treatment plant are faced to be more complicate for the purpose of improvement of contaminant removal. As the result, the required power ratio of screening processes has become large portion against total power consumption of the system, for instances, about 20 to 30% in case of deinking plant and 40 to 50% in case of brown grade waste paper plant. The "Gran Flow" is a newly developed screen, which can reduce the power consumption by about half. Not only power saving, but also dramatic sticky removal will be achieved. We believe the common sense for screening technology shall be changed rapidly with the new technology of the "Gran Flow".


Critics of the Supreme Court's jurisprudence of religion often point to the apparently inconsistent and unprincipled decisions the Court has rendered in recent years. At various times the Court has held that the posting of the Ten Commandments ina public school classroom is impermissible' but that the erection of a Nativity scene on municipal property is not;2 that the delivery by a clergyman of an opening prayer to the state legislature is allowable' but that religious headgear may not be worn if military regulations bar such attire;4 that the provision from public funds of books to parochial school children' or released time for off-campus religious instruction6 is constitutional


We offer the most amazing luxury vacations in Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, Mexico in a massive resort with pools, parachuting, a cable car and more!


This research note draws attention to an alternative source of data on violence in England and Wales obtained from A&E departments. The data is monthly frequency, classified by gender and age. The advantage of A&E data is that case identification depends not on the perception that a crime has been committed, but on the presence of injury deemed to require medical treatment. We examine the incidence of violent injury by gender and health region and find that the statistics are consistent with BCS estimates of overall violence.


A novel approach to optical subcarrier multiplexing with compact spectrum is demonstrated using a 42.6 Gbit/s AM-PSK payload and 2.5 Gbit/s NRZ label. In this implementation, the payload introduces a 4.8 dB penalty on the label receiver sensitivity, and the label causes <1 dB penalty on the payload receiver sensitivity.


SURGICAL correction of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia (H-type) is dependent upon adequate demonstration of the fistula. Despite an increasing awareness of the anomaly and numerous attempts at diagnosis by conventional techniques, the fistula often is not demonstrated until repeated episodes of aspiration pneumonia have occurred. Schneider and Becker 1 reviewed the results obtained with various techniques for diagnosis and concluded that cinefluororadiography offered the best chance for confirming the presence of a suspected tracheoesophageal fistula. Even with this method the diagnosis may be inconclusive because of spillover of contrast material from the esophagus into the trachea during swallowing. Because of the difficulty in establishing the diagnosis, the fistula has been demonstrated in a number of children only by operation or at autopsy. 2,3 Swenson 4 and Killen 2 have recommended the use of a forward-viewing cystoscope for performance of tracheoscopy when an H-type tracheoesophageal fistula is suspected. It


Abstract : An existing encoder system was analyzed to determine why the system had failed. This encoder system was found to have slipped off the crankshaft, resulting in the need for a new encoder mount system. A new encoder mount was designed and installed on a Detroit Diesel 3-53 engine. The encoder mount was designed to ensure positive contact with the crankshaft while not allowing the mechanism to have the same type of failure that was determined. During the validation of the encoder, the push rod connected to the fuel injector rocker arm failed, preventing further validation of the system. The failure of the push rods is described.


In this paper, a cross-layer framework for joint control and distributed sensing in agile wireless networks is presented, where an agent schedules actions to control a partially observable Markov decision process, whose state is inferred by collecting measurements from nearby assistant wireless nodes with cognitive and sensing capabilities (ANs). The framework makes it possible to model practical constraints of wireless networks, such as the cost incurred by the ANs to sense and transmit to the agent and the shared wireless channel, as well as to jointly optimize the acquisition of state information at the agent via distributed sensing, and the scheduling policy, under sensing-transmission cost constraints for the ANs. The optimality of a two-stage decomposition is proved, which enables decoupling of the optimization of action scheduling and distributed sensing. This scheme is applied to spectrum sensing, where the activity of licensed (PU, primary) users is measured by distributed wireless assisting receivers, based on which an agile (SU, secondary) user adapts its transmissions over time. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive joint sensing-scheduling policy improves the SU throughput up to 50% over a scheme employing non-adaptive sensing, for a given constraint on the throughput degradation to the PU pair and cost incurred by the ANs, and up to a three-fold increase over a scheme where sensing is performed only locally by the SU.


Some special PVC resins,such as PVC paste resin,PVDC,HPVC,matt PVC resin,PVC blends and vinyl chloride copolymer,with more prosperous future were introduced.It was indicated that with the quick development of PVC industry,speeding up the seriation,diversification,customization and fineness of PVC resins and their downstream products were the problems for PVC industry to lay special stress to solve quickly.


Medicines management is an essential part of high-quality patient care in hospitals, homes for the elderly and nursing homes, as well as in primary care. Polypharmacy is an important risk factor for adverse drug events and drug interactions. We know that adverse drug events are associated with a prolonged hospital stay, higher mortality rate and increased costs, also the risk of adverse drug events is likely to grow due to the increasing age of hospitalised patients. A medication review is a critical evaluation of a patient's medication list with the intention to optimise therapy in a structured way using available clinical and pharmaceutical information as well as laboratory data. This themed issue highlights the various aspects of such reviews in a variety of patient populations, including the elderly, nursing home patients, oncology patients and other hospitalised patients. Studies from six European countries are included. The article by Bart van der Bemt is important because it makes a clear distinction between various aspects of medication review and puts this into a broader perspective by means of the Medication Therapy Management Pyramid. Whereas most articles in this supplement focus on the top layer of this pyramid (medication review), the article on the so-called 'integrated medicines management' (IMM) programme from the team of Michael Scott from Northern Ireland covers all aspects of the pyramid. IMM is a multifaceted approach including admission, inpatient care and discharge, medication appropriateness, medicines administration and antimicrobial stewardship. These led to a major reduction of medication errors during admission, 5.5 interventions per patient in inpatient care, a reduced length of stay (by 2 days), increased time to readmission (+20 days), faster medication rounds (–25 min) and faster discharge (–90 min) together with major reduction in errors during discharge. These interventions were combined with Safe Therapeutic Economic Pharmaceutical Selection, which achieves transparent, interactive and rational (evidence-based) selection of medicines and a record of pharmacists' interventions and various other elements of IMM. The return on investment was very impressive: £5–8 per invested UK pound. This, combined with increased efficacy and safety, makes the system compelling for other hospitals throughout Europe. It seems worthwhile to investigate which aspects of IMM have contributed most to these excellent results. The paper by Conxita Mestres and colleagues on Spanish (Catelonian) nursing home patients highlights the important role that pharmacists play in assessing the medication for this patient group in a structured way, provided that they have access to relevant patient data, such as gender, age, laboratory data, medical conditions, comorbidity and medication. The authors noted that the indication for a given medicine was often insufficiently documented in the medical records. The most recorded drug-related problems (DRPs) were unnecessary drug treatment (42%), untreated indication (20%) and adverse drug events (20%). Most of the latter category were 'potential events' because they were detected prior to drug administration and therefore did not occur. Most interventions were recorded regarding the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system groups A, C and N. The degree of acceptance by physicians of the pharmacists' remarks was relatively high (80%), which indicates a good cooperation between pharmacists and physicians. Repeated discussions on the relevance of pharmacists' interventions may further increase acceptance by physicians. Another paper by Conxita Mestres studies the use of inappropriate drugs used by elderly patients admitted to a long-term care institute. Active pharmacists' intervention led to a significant decrease in the use of potentially inappropriate drugs, such as specific antiarrhythmic agents (amiodarone), antidepressants (amitriptyline, clomipramine, fluoxetine), antihistamines (hydroxyzine) and benzodiazepines (clonazepam and diazepam). The study by Graabaek et al describes the methodology of a pharmacist-led medication review in Denmark to make this suitable to acute admissions using five steps: collection of clinical patient data, collection of information about the medical treatment (using the electronic medical record), interview with the patient, examination of patients' medications and recommendation for the hospital physicians. All steps are highly standardised, allowing a critical assessment of all aspects of the treatment. No final results are available as yet, but this methodology may contribute to a better treatment of acute admissions, provided that the procedure is not too time-consuming. The study by Irvin Cehajic from Norway underlines the importance of good pharmaceutical care in oncology patients. Many DRPs in this patient category were identified. This is an important finding because the prescription of intravenous oncolytics is often delivered on paper in a separate system and medication surveillance is not as well implemented as in other patients (such as internal medicine or surgical patients) in whom all medicines are incorporated into the same registration system. The study by Tallon et al focuses on the appropriateness of the use of medicines in Irish patients >65 years of age using at least three regular medicines on admission to the hospital. It strengthens both the importance of good medicines reconciliation (what drugs are prescribed, what is the patient actually taking and do discrepancies contribute to the admission) and a medicines review on the primary outcome: the Medicines Appropriateness Index (MAI) compared with standard care, both at admission and at discharge. The vast majority of pharmacists' recommendations were accepted by the physicians: 96.7% of interventions were accepted, whereas 69.3% of routine care interventions were accepted by physicians. The study by Hugo de Wit, which was performed in institutional care settings for older people in the Netherlands, focuses on the requirements of the Dutch Healthcare Inspectorate requiring that a medication review is performed by a pharmacist in cooperation with a physician for all residents of nursing homes (twice per year) and residential homes for the elderly (once per year). The availability of laboratory data was quite different for hospital pharmacists (78%) and community pharmacists (29%). Community pharmacists also had access to a limited set of laboratory data (75% of pharmacists who had access to laboratory data), whereas hospital pharmacists who did have access to laboratory data had complete access to all data in 86% of cases. The estimated time spent on a medication review was 29 min. This means that a Correspondence to Dr Robert Janknegt, Atrium-Orbis Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5500, Sittard 6130 MB, the Netherlands; email@example.com


This paper studies the stability of linear systems with interval time‐varying delays. By constructing a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, two delay‐derivative‐dependent stability criteria are formulated by incorporating with two different bounding techniques to estimate some integral terms appearing in the derivative of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. The first stability criterion is derived by using a generalized integral inequality, and the second stability criterion is obtained by employing a reciprocally convex approach. When applying these two stability criteria to check the stability of a linear system with an interval time‐varying delay, it is shown through some numerical examples that the first stability criterion can provide a larger upper bound of the time‐varying delay than the second stability criterion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Distinguished guests,Ladies and gentlemen,Dear friends,It gives me great pleasure to join our American friends on this beautiful day in Yinchuan,the ancient capital of Xixia,to attend Fifth China-U.S.Civil Society Peace Forum jointly held by the Chinese People's Association for Peace and Disarment(CPAPD),the Ningxia People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries


n 1 1 1 1 + + ... (now known as Leibniz's series) 4 3 5 7 had arrived on the mathematical scene more than two centuries and a half before Gregory (1638-1675) and Leibniz (1645-1716). In [1], a previous article, we have shown that Madhavan (c. 1340-1425), a mathematician who belonged to Kerala, India, had anticipated the European mathematicians in discovering these series. In this article we give another pair of series discovered by Madhavan. They are [2]


Due to a typical example of complex networks for the Internet,according to the characteristics that the TCP congestion control protocols readjust the flow rates,two new measures of invulnerability based on traffic are proposed:the traffic utility and the utilization ratio of bandwidth,this paper analyzes Internet invulnerability from various angles,and compare the internet real data with the classic random graph,the simulation results also show that the Internet has "robust yet fragile" property.


The thought processes practiced in school are limited to cognition, memory, and convergent thinking, while divergent thinking and evaluation are less noticed. Learning activities focused on recording, memorizing, and recalling, learning is concentrated on exercises that are procedural and mechanistic. This research aims to find out the critical thinking skills of students in solving trigonometric problems in grade XI of SMA Negeri 6 Medan. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive. The subjects in this study amounted to 1 person who was selected using the purposive sampling technique, which is the highest score of student test results. The instruments used are tests to find out the student's learning results as the basis for subject selection and interviews are used to find out the student's critical thinking skills. Data analysis used is qualitative data analysis consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion withdrawal. The results of data analysis obtained that the subject in the learning process and the process of solving the problem of trigonometric material has the ability to think critically. Subjects have three indicators of critical thinking skills used in this study, namely trying to know information well, providing reasons for problem solving, and looking for alternative solutions


The discovery of novel inhibitor molecules for emerging drug-target proteins is widely acknowledged as a challenging inverse design problem: Exhaustive exploration of the vast chemical search space is impractical, especially when the target structure or active molecules are unknown. Here we validate experimentally the broad utility of a deep generative framework trained at-scale on protein sequences, small molecules, and their mutual interactions -- that is unbiased toward any specific target. As demonstrators, we consider two dissimilar and relevant SARS-CoV-2 targets: the main protease and the spike protein (receptor binding domain, RBD). To perform target-aware design of novel inhibitor molecules, a protein sequence-conditioned sampling on the generative foundation model is performed. Despite using only the target sequence information, and without performing any target-specific adaptation of the generative model, micromolar-level inhibition was observed in in vitro experiments for two candidates out of only four synthesized for each target. The most potent spike RBD inhibitor also exhibited activity against several variants in live virus neutralization assays. These results therefore establish that a single, broadly deployable generative foundation model for accelerated hit discovery is effective and efficient, even in the most general case where neither target structure nor binder information is available.


In this manuscript we investigate the thermal properties of the rotating charged BTZ black hole under the GR formalism at first according to the usual Heisenberg algebra. Then, we consider a deformed algebra which leads to a change in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and compare the Hawking temperature, entropy, thermodynamical volume, pressure and heat capacity functions with the previous results. Thus, we understand and interpret the quantum effects on the BTZ black hole.


Experiments[1] with Electric Oxygen-Iodine Laser (ElectricOIL) heat exchanger technology have demonstrated improved control of oxygen atom density and thermal energy, with minimal quenching of O2(a1Δ), and increasing small signal gain from 0.26% cm-1 to 0.30% cm-1. Heat exchanger technological improvements were achieved through both experimental and modeling studies, including estimation of O2(a1Δ) surface quenching coefficients for select ElectricOIL materials downstream of a radio-frequency discharge-driven singlet oxygen generator. Estimation of O2(a1Δ) quenching coefficients is differentiated from previous studies by inclusion of oxygen atoms, historically scrubbed using HgO[2-4] or AgO[5]. High-fidelity, time-dependent and steady-state simulations are presented using the new BLAZE-VI multi-physics simulation suite[6] and compared to data.


In 1958 «The Act of strengthening the connection between school and life and the further development of the public education system in the USSR» was adopted. It made modifications in the educative processing Soviet universities. The author attempts to identify the causes of reform of higher education. She analyzes the governing documents and brings some of results of the new Act.


Generation mechanism of the photocurrent of transistors irradiated by γ-pulse radiation with different width is described. Techniques for measurement of the photocurrent are discussed. The relationship of secondary photocurrent with the transistor structure, γ-dose rate and γ pulse width is dealt with. Radiation test is made on three types of transistors. It has been shown that the secondary photocurrent is strongly influenced by the lifetime of minority carrier and the width of γ-pulse and γ-dose rate.


Author(s): Cochran, Abigail Lynn | Abstract: Defining the American urban form relies on a perceived division between 'urban' and 'rural' areas. I trace the idea of the urban/rural divide through the evolution of human settlement patterns in the United States from the nineteenth century onwards. I argue that while a superficial distinction between urban and rural land was once relevant to characterizing city forms and metropolitan growth trends, in contemporary contexts there no longer exists an actual separation of lands based on their 'natural' character around cities. Thus, continuing to plan for urban/rural areas ignores how pressing planning concerns arise from greater socio-ecological processes, and places that extend beyond designated settlement boundaries. I explore how new conceptualizations of urbanization, including urban sustainability, urban resilience, and planetary urbanization, can inform a post-urban/rural divide planning paradigm.


Violent crime in Mexico occurs at a rate that dwarf the human costs of most contemporary civil wars, and the drug cartels responsible for the violence exercise de facto control over significant geographical territories. In this respect, the Mexican 'drug wars' resemble conflicts over the control of rich natural resources in Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere, blurring the distinction between 'political' and 'social' or 'criminal' violence. In the civil war literature, the 'opportunity perspective' emphasizes conditions that provide opportunities for a rebel group to wage war against a government. Similarly, relatively large groups of 'idle' young men could arguably be a factor that reduces recruitment costs for criminal enterprises through the abundant supply of youth with low opportunity cost. Acknowledging organized crime around drugs trafficking as a major cause of crime and violence in Mexico, we ask whether the availability of large young male cohorts, or male 'youth bulges', low education, and high youth unemployment eases recruitment to these organizations and may contribute to explain variance in violent crime across Mexican states over time. Using panel data covering 32 states in Mexico during the 1997–2010 period, we find that while a coarse measure of regional youth bulges does not explain patterns of violent youth crime, high youth unemployment in low-education strata does, and in particular in the context of large male youth bulges. These results remain robust to alternative data, sample size, estimation techniques and controls for potential endogeneity concerns.


Abstract The study was aimed to document the medicinal plants and their traditional uses in the Omara, Gawadar, Pakistan during 2008-2010. The ecosystem of Makran coast is rich in important medicinal plant wealth. These plants are not only used as herbal drugs but also a source of food, fodder and spices. The climate of Omara is dry, hot arid. Data were collected through direct observations during comprehensively field surveys, questionnaires and interviews of local inhabitants and herbal practitioners. A total of 31 potential medicinal plants belonging to 21 families were identified, traditionally used for remedial measures against special diseases. The inventory of medicinal plants showed family Chenopodiacae dominating other plant families. Out of total documented species in this area 45% were in the use of local communities as medicine in one or other form. Among the rest, 26% plants have multiple uses and the remaining are utilized as fodder (29%). Indigenous people use various parts of the plant for curing different ailments. As no specific ethnobotanical data are available for such plants in this area, the present work was taken up for the documentation and analysis of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by coastal communities. It also determines the homogeneity of information collected on medicinal plants apt for the treatment of different ailments in the study area


adherents of "deep ecology" and proponents of "social ecology." While the debate is many-faceted, perhaps the most central issue of contention focuses on the appropriate role of humanity in its relationship to nature. Deep ecologists argue for a "species egali tarianism" or "biocentric equality" that denies any special value or rights for human beings within the whole of nature: "all organ isms and entities in the ecosphere, as parts of the interrelated whole, are equal in intrinsic worth," as Bill Devall and George Sessions say. Or as the Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess wrote in the 1973 essay where he coined the term "deep ecology," "there is a core democracy in the biosphere," such that "all things in the biosphere have an equal right to live and blossom and to reach their own individual forms of... self-realization."2 Social ecology, on the other hand, stresses the unique character of humanity within nature: human beings are not a "simple zoological phenomenon,... interchangeable with rodents or ants, ... merely one life-form among many," as Murray Bookchin, the anarchist ecologist who was most responsible for the development of "social ecology" in the early 1960s, puts it.3 In humanity, "blind nature" turns into "free nature," because only humanity is capable of creatively and self-consciously evolving, while nature can only adapt. Human beings are thus the highest expression of natural evolution, its coming into self-conscious direction of its own destiny.4


Inverted device architectures in perovskite research were promising for faster commercialization given the simple processing routes and choice of hole transport materials such as PEDOT:PSS.


The meeting was held to explore and emphasize the critical nature of an energy-environmental and economic balance and those factors that influence this relationship. Sessions dealt with energy conservation; waste disposal, control, and utilization; methodology for assessment studies; energy system studies; air pollution control; coal preparation and cleaning; alternate energy sources; regional analysis; socio-economic impacts;water pollution control; and general environmental studies.


O the last decade, Catholic institutions of higher learning have been created and have been undergoing change on the African continent. At a time when postindependence problems are the daily concern of governments and state education appears to be loosing ground, it appears that new ways have to be found to train and prepare new leaders for Africa. Values have been undermined, and strategies have to be found to stop the downhill movement that is affecting societies.


The results of measurements at moderate to high magnetic fields on a large number of nonmagnetic ion substituted yttrium iron garnets suggest that intrasublattice interactions play an important role in determining their spontaneous magnetizations and Curie temperatures. It is shown that the system {Y 3−x Ca x }[Fe 2 ](Fe 3−x Si x )O 12 is continuously related to the system {Y 3−x Ca x }[Zr x Fe 2−x ](Fe 3 )O 12 or {Y 3 }[Sc x Fe 2−x ](Fe 3 )O 12 . It is concluded that in these systems the tetrahedral-tetrahedral (d-d) antiferromagnetic interactions are stronger than octahedral-octahedral (a-a) antiferromagnetic interactions. The changes in magnetic structure from an ideal ferrimagnet, yttrium iron garnet, to an end-member in which there are at least short-range antiferromagnetic interactions (i.e., in {Ca 3 }[Fe 2 ](Si 3 )O 12 or a hypothetical {YCa 2 }[Zr 2 ](Fe 3 )O 12 ) should bear an analogy to the crystal chemical changes. It is therefore proposed that when substitution is made exclusively in one sublattice, the moments of the Fe3+ ions in that sublattice remain parallel (as in the Yafet-Kittel theory), while the weakened average a-d interactions and the intrasublattice interactions lead to random canting of the Fe3+ ion moments of the other. This tendency occurs as soon as substitution begins. On continued substitution, a point is reached beyond which canting increases much more rapidly with increasing substitution. In this region, the intrasublattice interactions dominate the a-d interactions, but it is probable that the canting continues to be random.


Both f att(·) and f c att(·) give the improvements based on feature selections for the proposed DVBE. Some learned attention cases of f att(·) and f c att(·) are given. Specifically, we visualize the inferred attention maps in Figure 1, where we find that the spatial attention f att(·) focuses on localizing the foreground region, while the channel attention f c att(·) tends to localize local part regions. This proves the effectiveness of complementary feature selections from differnet attentions.


Recent studies identified several distinct genetic lineages within the softshell turtle genus Pelodiscus that could represent valid species. Traditionally, Pelodiscus was regarded to comprise only a single species (P. sinensis). These softshell turtles are economically the most important chelonians of the world, with hundreds of millions of specimens traded as food every year. Moreover, Pelodiscus is used as a model organism for embryological and physiological studies, making correct species identification of paramount interest for disciplines beyond taxonomy. However, the understanding of the diversity of Pelodiscus was seriously hampered by the unclear taxonomic allocation of the oldest available species name, Trionyx (Aspidonectes) sinensis Wiegmann, 1834. To clarify its identity, we reconstructed two mitochondrial DNA fragments of 1013 bp (cytb)


Aims Branches and leaves are the two main structural units of tree crown composition. Among the adaptive strategies of plants, the functional traits of branches and the relationships between branch traits and leaf traits determine the capacity of trees to access light and space. In this study, our objective is to test the hypothesis that leaf display efficiency is affected by the stem length to stem slender ratio within current-year twigs. Methods The stem length to stem slender ratios of current-year twigs were used as the proxy of stem structure traits. Leaf area ratio (total leaf area per stem mass), leaf density (leaf number per stem length) and leaf/stem mass ratio (total leaf mass per stem mass) were used as the proxies of leaf display efficiency. The relationship between stem structure traits and leaf display efficiency within current-year twigs were studied for 25 evergreen and 60 deciduous broadleaved woody species in Qingliang Mountain, Zhejiang, China. The standardized major axis estimation method was used to examine the scaling relationship between stem structural traits and leaf display efficiency within current-year twigs. Important findings The proxies of leaf display efficiency, measured by leaf area ratio, leaf density or leaf/stem mass ratio, were all significantly and negative correlated with stem length to stem slender ratio within current-year twigs in both evergreen and deciduous broadleaved woody species. This suggested that leaf display efficiency decreased with stem length to stem slender ratios within current-year twigs, which may reflect the role of ©植物生态学报 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 李俊慧等: 常绿和落叶阔叶物种当年生小枝茎长度和茎纤细率对展叶效率的影响 651 doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0376 mechanical safety and light within twigs. The slope of the relationship between leaf display efficiency and stem long-dimension structure traits in evergreen species was not significantly different from the one in deciduous species. In contrast, the y-intercept of the relationship between leaf density and stem long-dimension structure traits was significantly larger in evergreen species than in deciduous species, i.e. the leafing intensity of evergreen species was higher than that of deciduous species. Individual leaf area and specific leaf area were smaller in evergreen species than in deciduous species, which resulted in deciduous species have a larger leaf area per stem mass and leaf mass per stem mass at a given stem length to stem slender ratio compared to evergreen species. It may reflect the conservative adaptive strategy of high consumption and slow benefit in evergreen species. Our results demonstrated that leaf display efficiency could be affected by stem length, and would change with leaf life-span (deciduous versus evergreen).


AbstractComparisons are described for infrared-derived cloud products retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) using measured spatial response functions obtained from prelaunch AIRS calibration. One full day (1 January 2005) of global collection-5 MODIS and version-5 AIRS retrievals of cloud-top temperature Tc, effective cloud fraction f, and derived effective brightness temperature Tb,e is investigated. Comparisons of Tb,e demonstrate that MODIS and AIRS are essentially radiatively consistent and that MODIS Tb,e is 0.62 K higher than AIRS Tb,e for all scenes, increasing to 1.43 K for cloud described by AIRS as single layer and decreasing to 0.50 K for two-layer clouds. Somewhat larger differences in Tc and f are observed between the two instruments. The magnitudes of differences depend partly on whether MODIS uses a CO2-slicing or 11-μm brightness temperature window retrieval method. Some cloud- and regime-type differences and si...


The invention discloses a diffusion-type dust-collecting equipment for the dust collector, comprising the dust cup of the air inlet and air outlet, the said dust cup is equipped with filtering barrel, which is equipped with cyclone barrel, the cyclone barrel is conically shaped with the upper large and lower small, the cyclone barrel is equipped with cyclone inlet, the filtering barrel separates the air inlet on the dust cup and the cyclone inlet on the cyclone barrel in the two cavities, the upper of the cyclone barrel is equipped with air outlet pipe, which is connected with the air outlet; the device is characterized by the small loss of the air flow pressure, good dust collecting, high dust filtering accuracy, low working noise, effect prevention of second pollution and through filtering of fine dust.


In this paper we numerically investigate the possibilities to control the dynamic stall phenomenon, with application to vertical axis wind turbines. The dynamic stall appears at low tip speed ratio (TSR<4) and it has a great impact on structural integrity of the wind turbine and power performances. For this reason we performed a CFD 2D analysis of the dynamic stall phenomenon around NACA 0012 airfoil equipped with a passive flow control device, in pitching motion at relative low Reynolds number (∼105). Three passive flow control devices are numerically investigated: a turbulence promoter mounted on the leading edge, a thin channel and a step on the upper surface of the airfoil. For the present studies, the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model is the suitable approach to perform the dynamic stall simulations with an acceptable computational cost and reasonable accuracy. The results are compared to those of an existing experimental case test for unmodified NACA 0012 airfoil. The capability ...


1,9-Bis(methylthio)dibenzothiophene (1a) was treated with one equivalent of bromine and pyridine in the presence of l-menthol and then with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give optically active 1-(methylsulfinyl)-9-(methylthio)dibenzothiophene (2a) enriched by the S isomer (ee: 57%). The configuration of optically pure sulfoxide (2a) was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis to be the S configuration at the sulfinyl sulfur atom. On the other hand, 1-(methyl-l-menthoxysulfonio)-9-(methylthio)dibenzothiophene tetrafluoroborate (4a) was isolated as an intermediate of this asymmetric oxidation in an optically pure form, as yellow crystals. The absolute configuration of this sulfonium salt (4a) was verified by X-ray crystallographic analysis as the R configuration. Optically pure sulfonium salt (4a) also gave partially optically active sulfoxide (2a) with net inversion on its hydrolysis. It was suggested that the hydrolysis reaction of the sulfonium salt (4a) accordingly proceeds, not only via a sulfurane having a simple SN2 type of geometry but also by a front side attack ofhydroxide anion, with respect to the l-menthoxy group, on sulfur, and the sequential elimination of the l-menthoxy group from the tetracoordinated intermediate. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


In the new context of ageing, social participation during retirement has become a central issue. While the overall picture looks good, inequalities in the opportunity to invest in these activities cannot be overlooked. This article aims to analyze these issues in the case of collective commitment –associative, voluntary, and political/union –from a gender perspective. Building on data from two cross-sectional surveys on living conditions of individuals aged sixty-five and over in Switzerland conducted in 1979 (n=1519) and 2011 (n=1097), we show that discrimination against women remains. Further analysis of the 2011 data confirms these trends by considering a broader system of inequalities and resources. Our results also highlight specific logics of collective commitment according to gender. They show the significant gap between women with and without a high level of education in accessing activities involving decision-making power. Men's collective commitment on the other hand appears to be more dependent on their close network.


The economic status of society does affect both kinds and amounts of violent crimes. This paper is going to analyze the relationships between some economic variables in Iran, on one hand, and violent crimes on the other: Economic growth, misery index, and female employment rate are the main economic variables in this research. Proxies of violent crimes in this paper include the number of intentional murders, number of unintentional murders, number of maiming, number of beating documents, and poising documents. Some findings of this paper indicate a positive and significant relationship between economic variables and violent crimes in question in Iran in both the short run and long run. The periods of study are 1981-2016. One policy implication for this work is that increasing the cost of committing the crime, decreasing the misery index, and progress in economic growth, all can decrease violent crimes in Iran.


The key objective of this research paper was to delineate the factors affecting a working environment. The study design was of survey type. Survey study was conducted in Government Degree Colleges of District Rawalpindi. The questionnaire was designed to find out the influence of the factors in working surroundings. The population of present research consisted of 324 Lecturers and 160 were selected as a sample. Data was collected through questionnaires and was organized, tabulated and analyzed carefully with the help of statistical package SPSS version 16. Their results were inferred in the light of objectives of the study. Means and chi-square test was applied to test the study hypotheses. The results of the study indicated that there was no significant difference between the working environment and its factors.


Abstract : This study evaluates the maximum permissible luminance difference between stereo pairs (interocular contrast) consistent with the unambiguous perception of motion-in-depth of objects imaged on binocular 3-D displays. Objective measures (vergence eye movements) and subjective measures (observer responses) of motion-in-depth suggest: (1) that the maximum interocular contrast ratio between stereo pairs should not exceed a value of about 3; (2) that the brighter of the two stereo pairs should be presented to the observer's nondominant eye; and (3) that the observer should be well trained in the use of his 3-D display to optimize his perception of motion-in-depth.


As technology advances and more demands are on satellite services, rain-induced attenuation still creates one of the most damaging effects of the atmosphere on the quality of radio communication signals, especially those operating above 10 GHz. System designers therefore require statistical information on rain-induced attenuation over the coverage area in order to determine the appropriate transmitter and receiver characteristics to be adopted. This paper presents results on the time-varying rain characterization and diurnal variation of slant path rain attenuation in the Ka-band frequency simulated with synthetic storm techniques over a subtropical location in South Africa using 10-year rain rate time-series data. The analysis is based on the CDF of one-minute rain rate; time-series seasonal variation of rain rate observed over four time intervals: 00:00–06:00, 06:00–12:00, 12:00–18:00, and 18:00–24:00; diurnal fades margin; and diurnal variation of rain attenuation. Comparison was also made between the synthesized values and measured attenuation data. The predicted statistics are in good agreement with those obtained from the propagation beacon measurement in the area. The overall results will be needed for an acceptable planning that can effectively reduce the fade margin to a very low value for an optimum data communication over this area.


Introduction Half of all patients commencing stroke rehabilitation have marked impairment of the hemiplegic arm, with only 14% regaining useful function. Assistive technologies (ATs) have been developed and evaluated yet currently reach only a fraction of patients. The NIHR funded a five year research programme to generate understanding necessary to develop cost-effective stroke services in upper-limb rehabilitation. This stage aims to understand the potential advantages and disadvantages to the clinical use of ATs, and the needs and priorities of stakeholders. Method Participants include people with a stroke (n=40), their carers (n=20), health care professionals (n= 40), budget holders (n=15) and service commissioners (n=15). An interactive exhibition was held at the University of Southampton in October 2009 where stakeholders tested a range of ATs. Focus groups with each stakeholder group will be conducted within three months of the exhibition to discuss personal involvement in AT use, and positive and negative views on the AT presented. Results Results will be categorised in terms of barriers and facilitators to the use of upper-limb technologies addressing issues such as user comfort and acceptability, cost-benefit, evidence of effect and funding provision. Conclusion Getting research implemented in practice is challenging. This novel approach explores the barriers to using new technologies from the perspective of all key stakeholders. These findings will be combined with those of a national survey, and systematic review to inform a clinical trial resulting in a recommended care pathway for upper-limb rehabilitation.


The conversion device of new cableless piping robot was studied,which utilizes the kinetic energy of liquid in pipe.Taking the air or water for example,the feasibility of choosing electromagnetism mode and piezoelectricity mode energy conversion device was analyzed.


Abstract. The current study aims to experimentally estimate the temperature in the lens due to heat load indirectly from the measurement of increases in the rate of temperature-induced light scattering. The lens was extracted from Sprague–Dawley rats and put into a temperature-controlled cuvette filled with a balanced salt solution. Altogether, 80 lenses were equally divided into four temperature groups. Each lens was exposed for 5 min to temperature depending on the group to which it belonged while the intensity of forward light scattering was recorded. The inclination coefficients of light scattering increase at the temperature of 37°C, 40°C, 43°C, and 46°C were estimated as a CI(0.95), 3.1±0.8, 4.4±0.8, 5.5±0.9, and 7.0±0.8×10−4  tEDC/s, respectively. The Arrhenius equation implies that the natural logarithm of the inclination coefficient is linearly dependent on the inverse of the temperature. The proportionality constant and the intercept were 9.6±2.4×103  K and 22.8±7.7, respectively. The activation energy was 8.0±2.0×101  kJ·mol−1. The current experiment implies that if averaging 20 measurements of inclination coefficients in a new experiment at constant heat load, the confidence limits for predicted temperature correspond to ± 1.9°C. With the proportionality constant and the intercept estimated in the current experiment, the in vivo temperature in the lens can be determined retrospectively with sufficient resolution.


A sensor network consists of a large number of sensor nodes which have sensing functions and wireless communication functions, and a single sink node which is a base station node of the sensor network. Sensor nodes sense some environmental phenomena and send data packets about the phenomena to the sink node by multi-hop communications. Generally sensor nodes are battery-driven. Therefore shortening battery power of a single sensor node gives negative effects to other sensor nodes whose data packets are relayed by the sensor node. Moreover it is practically impossible to exchange or recharge batteries of sensor nodes because of the large number of sensor nodes. (It is difficult to specify a deployed place where a sensor node whose battery becomes short exists.) In order to prolong the lifetime of sensor networks, this paper proposes a method where newly added sensor nodes are integrated with an original sensor network autonomously instead of exchanging or recharging batteries. Also this paper shows results on simulation experiments for evaluating the proposed method.


The importance of nondestructive tests cannot be denied nowadays, and their use in the petroleum industry is extremely important to ensure safe operation of the equipment. The magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique in instrumented pig is frequently used for pipeline inspection to detect weld defects and internal or external corrosion; however, as every nondestructive technique, it may present report errors, caused by several human factors (like lack of theoretical knowledge or experience in the technique applied, tiredness due to long hours of work, and so on) and by the inspection technique itself. Because pattern recognition techniques are already well known and applied in other technological research areas, such as fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks, the possibility to develop an automatic system to detect and classify defects through some nondestructive techniques aroused, mainly for those techniques that actually operate with signal or image interpretation. In the present work, pattern nonlinear classifiers were applied using artificial neural networks, to check the possibility to detect and classify defects in pipelines inspected through magnetic pigs (MFL technique). Several tests were performed on specimens with defects artificially inserted (internal and external corrosion and lack of penetration).


Kawasan Bebas Sampah (KBS) is one of Bandung City programs as an effort for waste reduction. One of the Rukun Warga (RW) in Kebon Pisang Bandung, RW 7, is one of the Kawasan Bebas Sampaharea since 2015 and has implementing the 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) based waste management, independently by the community. The purpose of this research is to identify the level of waste reduction with the existence of the Kawasan Bebas Sampah program in RW 7. Waste quantity and waste composition measurement is carried out based on SNI 19-3964-1994. Waste quantity total of RW 7 Kebon Pisang is obtained at 758.7 kg / day or 5816.7 liters / day with a waste quantity unit of 0.45 kg / person / day or 3.45 liters / person / day. Based on the results of measurements of reduced waste generation from waste reduction efforts that have been made, the results obtained with the Kawasan Bebas Sampah program in efforts to reduce waste in RW 7 of Kebon Pisang District reach a level of waste reduction of 16.43% of the total waste generation of RW 7.


Abstract:  This paper presents the results of an ex post survey of recreational anglers for the lower Kennebec River, post‐Edwards Dam removal. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents one of the first ex post analyses of fisheries restoration from dam removal. We find significant benefits have accrued to anglers using the restored fishery. Specifically, anglers are spending more to visit the fishery, a direct indication of the increased value anglers place on the improved fishery. Anglers are also willing to pay for increased angling opportunities on the river. These findings have policy implications for other privately owned dams that are currently undergoing relicensing and/or dam removal considerations. Our findings may also hold implications for fisheries that have deteriorated due to historic dam construction.


We retrospectively analysed a single surgeon series of 22 TER in 21 patients over a 12 year period. The mean age and follow up was 59.1 years and 64 months respectively. DASH scores assessed pre and post op confirmed a significant improvement. Complications included infection, intra-operative fracture, peri-prosthetic fracture and aseptic loosening. 6 revisions were performed for various reasons.4 patients had died due to unrelated causes. The 10 year survival rate with symptomatic aseptic loosening as the end point was 93%. 5 patients had radiological loosening but were clinically asymptomatic. TER is a rewarding procedure in with advanced RA.


Introduction : Serrano cheese is an artisanal product, from the region of Campos de Cima da Serra in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and from the Planalto Sul in the state of Santa Catarina. Objective : The objective of the present work is to discuss some cultural, legal and food safety aspects related to the quality of serrano cheese, a product made of raw milk. Method : This manuscript carries out a bibliographical review of the serrano cheese, using updated scientific and legal documents, to analyze the production, quality and cultural aspects of this product. Results : Results presented in the literature and current legislation indicate that the production of these cheeses can be safe for commercialization, having as main requirements: adoption of good manufacturing practices, care of the dairy herd and due maturation of the product. Current national legislation indicates that the minimum maturation time should be 60 days. The publication of a law that regulates the production of serrano cheese in Rio Grande do Sul allows it to be matured for a shorter time, if its microbiological safety is assured. Conclusions : Additionally to revisions in the laws for the production and marketing of cheeses such as serrano, legal reviews are essential in the area of science, technology and health surveillance to provide a scientific basis to the improvement of the production of those who live on the commercialization of these products.


The Raman fibre amplifier has the attraction that the transmission fibre is its own amplifier which obviates the need for special fibres. However, it has largely been superseded by the doped erbium fibre which when pumped to an order of magnitude less power provides the same gain as its Raman fibre counterpart. >


Social responsibility of business takes a special place in the terms of modern development strategy of the economy of Ukraine. This responsibility suggests such direction of the enterprise activity, which takes into account not only the personal interests of the company, but also the needs of society. The continuation of European integration processes, the exit of companies into international markets require from the business entities appropriate openness and transparency, coverage of the goals of achieving the goal of the enterprise, the tools at which such a goal is achieved. The multidimensional nature of links, which are arising during the operational activity, leads to the existence of significant impact on the internal and external environment of the enterprise. Issues of corporate social responsibility of public-interest enterprises, which, in particular, are part of the oil and gas industry, are of particular relevance. The article analyses the current state of carrying out socially responsible activity at foreign and domestic enterprises of the oil and gas industry. The components of corporate social responsibility and their impact on the enterprise` functioning and on satisfaction of social needs are investigated. The socially responsible activity has positive nature, however, at the same time, there are certain barriers of the strategy` implementation within the framework of the mentioned activity, among which financing is a key issue that requires the enterprise to properly plan and analyse the costs of socially responsible doing business. The need for planning and evaluating corporate social responsibility programs is highlighted in the article. Using the example of gas transportation enterprise, the SWOT-analysis as an instrument of obtaining information for justified decision-making is reviewed.


1. Abstract Research in the field of reliability based design is mainly focused on two sub-areas: the computation of the probability of failure and its integration in the reliability based design optimization (RBDO) loop. Typically, new methods for the computation of the probability of failure improve both accuracy and efficiency, and the methods in optimization investigate approximations that aim at decoupling or eliminating the double loop arising in probabilistic optimization. Two methods are presented in this work, representing a contribution to each sub-area. In the first method, a new Second Order Reliability Method (SORM) is presented. As opposed to the most commonly used SORM methods, the presented approach is not limited to hyper-parabolic approximation of the performance function at the Most Probable Point (MPP). Instead, a full quadratic fit is used leading to a better approximation of the real performance function and therefore more accurate values of the probability of failure. Furthermore, the presented formulation is free of singularities and is generally more accurate than the existing methods, even for the hyper-parabolic case. Also, the method is more computationally efficient since it does not depend on the principal curvature at the MPP and therefore do not involve a transformation of the Hessian in a rotated space with a Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, as does the most widely used SORM methods. The method is based on an asymptotic expansion of the sum of non-central chi-square variables taken from the literature, which applied to the current case yields an easy-to-use and a computationally efficient closed form expression for the probability of failure. The second method focuses on the integration of the above described formulation in RBDO. One important feature of the presented expression for the probability of failure is that, for the special case of quadratic performance functions in normal variables, it does not involve locating the MPP. Therefore, if a quadratic surrogate model is valid in the whole region of interest, the use of the proposed expression reduces the RBDO problem to a single loop with efficiency comparable to a deterministic optimization. This is not the case for general non-quadratic problems in normal variables. Therefore, a sequential single loop method is presented. Quadratic surrogate models are fitted at the mean value point and probabilistic constraints are constructed using the proposed expression. The optimization problem is thereafter solved in a single loop, i.e. without any MPP search. In the next cycle, the surrogate model is updated around the found solution using a zoom-and-pan strategy and the RBDO problem is solved again. The process is repeated until convergence which is typically achieved after 3 updates of the surrogate model. Furthermore, the method can easily handle the case of varying variance of design variables using the same efficient formulation.


In order to improve the seismic resilience of the No.8 Power Boiler at Carter Holt Harvey Pulp and Paper Limited's Kinleith Mill, lead-rubber bearings were retrofitted to the boiler during the annual maintenance shutdown. No.8 Boiler is a combined woodwaste and gas fired boiler with a rating on woodwaste alone of 100t of steam per hour and an MCR (max continuous rating) of 180t/hr at 45barg 400 degrees C. It is a bottom supported boiler of Ekrohrkessel design from Germany wherein all the structural, thermal and pressure loads are taken up by a rigid space frame pressure part. There is no separate supporting structure. Such a retrofit is not uncommon for buildings but to the authors' knowledge never carried out for boilers in the past. Operational constraints, high temperatures, expansion allowances and connecting ducts, structures and services added to the complexity of a 'normal' base isolation project.


Flexural deformities of foals and growing horses can be divided into congenital (present at birth) and acquired (developing after birth) groups. Although the content of this article could apply to both groups, this first article in the series will focus on congenital flexural deformities, while a second article, to be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice, will discuss acquired deformities.


International studies have showed that Chinese students have consistently outperformed U.S. students in mathematics at the precollege levels. Although this difference remains at large, this study found that Taiwanese college students exhibited lower self-efficacy and motivational attitudes towards mathematics than students in the U.S. A mathematics attitudinal survey comparing three areas of learning metacognition was given to 139 U.S. and 536 Taiwanese undergraduates. Results showed statistically significant differences in responses regarding mathematics self-efficacy, task values, and goal orientation.


Taking the city of Chongqing one of the participating children full-time replacement student teachers in the western area of China as the object of study, the students were surveyed on training courses to achieve their professional idea and ethics,professional knowledge, professional ability development satisfaction. The result shows that the parties' understanding of the"kindergarten teachers' national training" project, the management ability to undertake "national training" and the attitude of the kindergarten's director are the main factors to influence the satisfaction of preschool teachers national training project.


I T HAS BEEN DIFFICULT to find research investigations dealing with programs of guidance. Available materials afford few experimental studies that throw light upon the kinds of programs which are most effective. Several studies attempted to evaluate certain isolated elements of a program. The conclusions were of doubtful value because the elements singled out for study were merely parts of a general program and had meaning only as they were considered with reference to other parts of the particular program. Nearly all the studies are surveys of practices and most of these are too restricted in scope and too lacking in research technics to make them of value even in revealing common practices or trends. Among the causes underlying this lack of adequate research are the following:


To improve the stability performance of marine power system,a power system stabilizer(PSS) is introduced into the traditional marine generator excitation system with automatic voltage regulator(AVR).The PSS uses auxiliary stabilizing signals to control the generator excitation system so as to improve the stability of the power system.Signals to the power system stabilizer are put in through shaft,terminal frequency and power,the stability of the power system is then improved by the damping of system oscillations.This proves to be a very effective method of enhancing small signal stability performance.By analyzing and simulating the stability to marine generator excitation system with PSS,better stability performance is achieved.


Why Francis Junius (1591-1677) became an Anglo-Saxonist, or, the study of Old English for the elevation of Dutch, Sophie van Romburgh Francis Junius reads Chaucer - but why? and how?, Rolf H. Bremmer Jr. transportation to Canterbury - the rival envisionings by Stothard and Blake, Betsy Bowden mediaeval Mozart - "Konig Garibald" and "Le Clemenza de Tito", Werner Wunderlich Victorian appropriations - Lady Charlotte Guest translates "The Mabinogion", Judith Johnston the Norse discovery of America and the American discovery of Norse (1828-1892), Geraldine Barnes enthusiast or philologist? professional discourse and the Mediaevalism of Frederick James Fuanivall, Richard Utz Mediaevalsim and a new leaf by the Spanish forger, John Block Friedman touring the Mediaeval - tourism, heritage and Mediaevalism in Northumbria, Steve Watson.


This article deals with the field of public administration Starting with the efforts of Woodrow Wilson in establishing the science of public administration and its independence from politics, and the resulting development of managerial thought in the formation of the classical school and the launch of the concept of the pursuit of efficiency, then the failure of this school to include the human aspect and the subsequent orientation of researchers' attention to include the behavioral foundation. Then calling for a review of the inevitability of the separation between administration and politics and the resulting emergence of the political approach and the development of administrative thought after that towards the direction of achieving social justice in the Minnow-Brook conferences, and what resulted from these interactions from the emergence of the new public administration and the new executive public administration and the emergence of governance in the field of public administration. Then we deal with examples of the most important global crises that affected the field of administration, such as the crisis of the events of September 11, 2001 AD, the global financial crisis in 2008 AD, and how the field interacted with its data and the effects that resulted from it. And ending with the current Corona crisis, and discussing the most important aspects of its impact in the field, and what distinguished the field of public administration after passing through these experiences and beyond.


The objective of this article is to describe the occupational accident profiles from a socio-demographic and labor perspective through the results of the First Survey on Occupational Health and Safety Conditions conducted in Quito, Ecuador. The variables on work accidents included in the occupational health dimension are analyzed from the descriptive and inferential point of view (chi-square). 13% of the surveyed workers reported having suffered an accident at work in the last year, mainly men between the ages of 25 to 55 and more than 9 years in the company. Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing are the economic activities with greater occupational accidents. Men from the age of 35 years have greater accidents recidivism. The results of this first study show the need to formulate new policies on occupational safety and health.


Flexible fibers can undergo a buckling instability when they are in interaction with a viscous flow. It has been predicted numerically that the deformation of an elastic fiber can affect both the macroscopic rheology and the transport of the individual fiber through a cellular flow [1]. However, direct experimental observations of the coupling between fiber conformation and flow behavior are still missing. We study experimentally the deformation and the transport of an individual elastic fiber (Length $L \sim 1$ cm, radius $r \sim 100 \mu$m, Young's modulus $Y \sim 0.1$ MPa) in a cellular flow formed by a lattice of hyperbolic stagnation points. In the vicinity of a stagnation point, the fiber buckles if the viscous forces acting on the fiber overcome the elastic forces. We focus on: \begin{itemize} \item the onset of the buckling instability of the fiber, varying the elastic properties of the fiber, the shear rate and the ratio fiber length to the cell size. \item The dynamical properties of the fiber, and more precisely, the modification of the transport of the fiber in the lattice due to its deformation in the flow. \end{itemize} [1] Young et. al. \textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.} \textbf{99} 058303 (2007)


IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B. ENG.)
DEGREE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING, SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY, MINNA,NIGERIA.


At about this time every year, I renew my memberships to several scientific societies, and every year I ask myself the same question: "Should I bother?" In years past, the answer was easy because being a member came with tangible benefits, such as inexpensive journals and the ability to submit abstracts to annual meetings. Nowadays, these perks don't seem very important. Most society journals are freely available online, and the proliferation of scientific meetings has made it easier to find venues to present my current research. Thus, the volume with which I ask that question—"should I bother?"—has steadily increased. Most scientific societies were established to promote the development and acceptance of a particular field of research. Society journals and annual meetings were the primary way this was accomplished. More recently, the larger societies have expanded their roles to include lobbying for increases in research funding and providing career advice. Although these are worthwhile activities, I don't need to belong to multiple scientific societies to support them. I almost always renew my society memberships, but I think that it is more out of a sense of tradition than need. Clearly, I am not the only scientist who is ambivalent about societies.more » Judging from their newsletters, many of the larger societies are struggling with stagnant or declining memberships, especially among young scientists. Although it is the youngest scientists who potentially have the most to gain from a scientific society (from networking, career advice), they are the ones who usually are most poorly served by those societies. This is because scientific societies generally cater to the status quo, not to the new and emerging elements of a field.« less


The field of conflict transformation has been an outcome of decades of conflict resolution theory and practice for conflict prevention. Preventive approaches towards conflict are people and solution-orientated, peace and truth-focused unlike the "old paradigm" where violence/ war, propaganda, victory and elites are at the crux of the matter. A recent trend in the conflict resolution field has been increased attention to "transformational" conflict resolution approaches, which promise better results in preventing enduring rivalries and protracted conflicts than approaches based on positional negotiating. That means moving beyond symptomatic treatment of the issues to analyzing and considering the underlying root causes and patterns of relations that drive the conflicts so that change is also transformational. Visionary public leadership of complex conflicts also aim at such change that touches on deep assumptions, values, beliefs and biases. While the literature about conflict resolution emphasizes broad and generic sources of conflict at different levels of analysis and mainly "grand" theories, an exploration of the sources of conflict and creative alternatives for resolving it at each level separately is required for improving social relations at different levels of interaction, i.e., interpersonal, intergroup, and international in practice.


Background: The purpose of this study was to screen of parC gene mutations in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from intensive care units (ICUs) of Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: Seventy isolates of A. baumannii between March 2011 and June 2012 were studied. Susceptibility test was established by E-test method. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing was performed for detection of parC gene mutation. Results: 77.1% of specimens were highly resistant. Mutation at position 80 in parC was observed in 93% of isolates. Conclusion: High proportion of A. baumannii isolates had a mutation in parC that can play an important role in increased incidence of these isolates.


Epidemiological and in vitro studies have showed that boron may have anti-carcinogenic properties. Chromosome aberrations assay and sister chromatid exchange assays have showed that boron has no genotoxic effects on cytogenetically stable cell lines. Aim of this investigation is determine to effects of different boron compounds which are boric acid (BA), borax pentahydrate (BP) and disodium pentaborate decahydrate (DPD) ) on exist cytogenetic disruption with variable doses (250, 500 and 1000µM ) on cytogenitically unstabel CCL 62 (HeLa Contaminant) cell line. In order to test this hypothesis, following the boron treatment on the cell lines for cytotoxcity was performed using MTT that cell viability assay. For genotoxicity was used chromosome aberrations assay (CAs) and micronucleus assay (MN), CAs and MN frequency calculated in each boron dose. Boron compaunds effected proliferation of CCL 62 (human amniotic ephitelial) cell lines in a time, species and dose dependent manner. According to data obtained from CAs and MN assays, no significant difference was found between control groups which were not treated any of boron compaund with boron treated groups (p>0,05). In conclusion, we established that BA, BP, and DPD effected proliferation of CCL 62 cell lines in a time, compaund and dose dependent manner, however no evidence was observed suggesting these compounds cause an increase or decrease in the level of existing cytogenetic defects in these cell lines.


Hard magnetic layers of CoNiP and FePtP have been prepared by electrodeposition and the phase formation, microstructure, grain size and mechanical properties such as residual stress and consequences for the magnetic properties were examined. The magnetic properties of the films are largely influenced by the organic additives such as urea and thiourea. These additives which are added in very low concentration can modify the growth of the alloy deposit. Portions of the additive molecules are codeposited which give a hard, nano crystalline structure. The effect of organic additives on the magnetic properties of CoNiP and FePtP alloy were studied using Vibration Sample Magnetometer. Surface characterization was carried out using X-ray Diffractrometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The reason for change in magnetic properties and structural characteristics because of the additives are discussed.


Influence Maximization (IM) is a popular problem focusing on finding a seed vertex set in a graph that maximizes the expected number of vertices affected via diffusion under a given, usually probabilistic model. For most diffusion models used in practice, finding an optimal seed set of a given size is NP-Hard. Hence, approximation algorithms and heuristics are often proposed and used. The Greedy approach is one of the most frequently applied approximation approach employed for IM. Indeed, this Monte-Carlo-based approach performs remarkably well in terms of seed set quality, i.e., the number of affected vertices. However, it is impractical for real-life networks containing tens of millions of vertices due to its expensive simulation costs. Recently, parallel IM kernels running on CPUs and GPUs have been proposed in the literature. In this work, we propose SUPERFUSER, a blazing-fast, sketch-based Influence Maximization algorithm developed for multiple GPUs. SUPERFUSER uses hash-based fused sampling to process multiple simulations at the same time with minimal overhead. In addition, we propose a Sampling-Aware Sample-Space Split approach to partition the edges to multiple GPUs efficiently by exploiting the unique characteristics of the sampling process. Based on our experiments, SUPERFUSER is up to 6.31× faster than its nearest competitor on a single GPU. Furthermore, we achieve 6.8× speed-up on average using 8 GPUs over a single GPU performance, and thanks to our novel partitioning scheme, we can process extremely large-scale graphs in practice without sacrificing quality too much. As an example, SUPERFUSER can generate a high-quality seed set with 50 vertices for a graph having 1.8B edges in less than 15 seconds on 2 GPUs.


Wikipedia translation activities aim to improve the quality of the multilingual Wikipedia through article translation. We performed an activity analysis of the translation work done by individual English to Chinese non-expert translators, who translated linguistically complex Wikipedia articles in a laboratory setting. From the analysis, which was based on Activity Theory, and which examined both information search and translation activities, we derived three translation strategies that were used to inform the design of a support system for human translation activities in Wikipedia.