The research focuses on the use of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to build Khmer text-to-speech (TTS) system. Although the system is based on HMM statistic model, language specific functions were newly designed and developed to cope with the orthographical and grammatical nature of Khmer, some of which included word segmentation, grapheme to phoneme conversion, definitions of full context labels and question sets. In total four-thousand phonemically-balanced Khmer sentences were read aloud by an adult male speaker of Khmer, which were in turn served for training a model for Khmer TTS. The system has been incorporated into VoiceTra, a multilingual speech-to-speech translation app that has been developed and maintained by NICT. The app is publicly released for mobile devices and available to download in both App store and Google Play store.


In 2005 Afghanistan has been the origin country of the largest refugees, by about a quarter of the global refugee population, who were mainly living in Pakistan and Iran. Almost all Afghan labourers are working illegally in Iran and have not work permission. They are unskilled and cheap workers, accepting any low payed job they are offered. Afghan refugees increased the supply of labour force in Iran for more than 2 decades. So wage increase for low skill workers has been very slow, specially in construction work, where Afghan workers have a large share. The results of our research show that Afghan workers have been attracted to the prosperous provinces where the unskilled workers where most wanted. As the workers can move easily in the country, the presence of Afghan workers in Tehran, Isfahan and Khorasan, has not caused higher unemployment rate neither in cities nor in villages of these provinces, however unemployment rate in the country has been raised. If Afghan immigrants leave Iran, unemployment rate will be lower and the wage rate for unskilled workers will rise considerably.


Objective To investigate the association between three interleukin-27(IL-27) gene polymorphisms(rs153109,rs17855750 and rs181206) and Crohn's disease(CD).Methods A total of 145 Chinese Han patients with CD and 238 healthy persons served as controls were enrolled.Three polymorphisms of IL-27 gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction.Results The distribution of genotypes in both the CD group and control group was fit to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P0.05).The C allele frequency at rs153109 differed statistically between CD group and controls(P0.05),while the genotype distribution at rs153109 was not significantly different(P 0.05).The genotype distribution and allele frequency at rs17855750 and rs181206 were not significantly different between the two groups(P 0.05).Conclusions IL-27 gene rs153109 polymorphism might be related to the susceptibility to CD,however,no relationship was observed between IL-27 rs17855750,rs181206 polymorphism and CD.


Abstract A series of seven idealized levels of procedure in conducting archaeological research is proposed: preparation, acquisition, analysis, interpretation, integration, comparison, and abstraction. This scheme was employed to investigate archaeological phenomena from Lava Beds National Monument, northern California.


In a Bayesian framework a robust approach is proposed for sample size determination (SSD) in a Bernoulli trial. The intent is to evaluate the impact of prior information, to define robust methods for choosing the sample size and to guarantee stable inferential conclusions.
In this work we focus on the probability of success of a given treatment. First, the standard Bayesian method is presented. Historical information or experts' beliefs are taken into account and formalized by an analysis prior distribution. Here we choose a Beta distribution, so that the derived posterior still belongs to the same family. A posterior quantity of interest is considered, such as the posterior expected value of the probability of success. Since, before performing the experiment, the expectation is random we need to define a predictive criterion for determining the optimal sample size. In this case the criterion is based on the predictive expected value, which is calculated with respect to the marginal distribution of the data.
In order to avoid the sensitivity of the standard method to the prior specification, it is possible to introduce a robust approach, considering a class of priors instead of a single prior. Therefore, the focus is on the bounds of the posterior quantity of interest. Here, we choose the epsilon-contamination class, that guarantees both computational advantages and a straightforward interpretation.
Two graphical tools are proposed to compare the standard SSD method with the robust one.
The first consists in plotting the robust criterion with respect to the different levels of contamination, in correspondence to the standard optimal sample size.
Alternatevely, both standard and robust criteria can be represented for increasing values of n, for a fixed level of contamination. An example is provided to show how the proposed robust approach brings to a more cautious choice, namely requires more individuals to be enrolled in the trial.
The proposed approach may help the experimenter showing that standard methods are not always trustworthy and they should be used with caution. Sometimes if prior information and uncertainty on the parameter of interest are not properly accounted for, one may indeed choose inadequate sample sizes.

References
Berger, J. O. (1984). The Robust Bayesian Viewpoint (with discussion), in Robustness of Bayesian Analysis, ed. J. Kadane, Amsterdam: North-Holland,pp. 63–134.
De Santis F. (2006). Sample size determination for robust Bayesian analysis, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 101, N. 473, 278-291.
Greenhouse J.B., Wasserman L. (1995). Robust Bayesian methods for monitoring clinical trials, Statistics in Medicine, Vol. 14, 1379-1391.
Sivaganesan S., Berger J.O. (1989). Ranges of posterior measures for priors with unimodal contaminations, The Annals of Statistics, Vol.17, N. 2, 868-889.
Spiegelhalter D.J., Abrams K.R., Miles J.P. (2004). Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials and Health-Care Evaluation, Statistics in Practice, Wiley.
Wang F., Gelfand A.E. (2002). A simulation-based approach to Bayesian sample size determination for performance under a given model and for separating models, Statistical Science, Vol 17, N. 2, 193-208.


Corners are salient features in two dimensional images. Compared to other approaches, contour-based corner detectors have been reported to be more effective. We analysed two state-of-the-art contour-based corner detectors, Chord-to-Point Distance Accumulation (CPDA) and very recently developed Curve to Chord Ratio (CCR). Both of these detectors use multiple parameters which are manually or experimentally determined. In this paper, we propose a systematic approach to detect corners from image contours by creating a corner model based on two parameters, a chord length and an angle. Then we propose a chord-based corner detector, Single Chord Accumulated Distance (SCAD), which uses this corner model to calculate a suitable threshold. As different chord lengths can result in identifying different corner locations, we outline a simple method to use multiple chord lengths to propose Multiple SCAD (MSCAD). Our experimental results show that our proposed detector consistently identifies more visually obvious corner locations compared to both CPDA and CCR and also have a relatively low or comparable localization error, thus showing better performance than the current state-of-the art techniques.


Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) has been estimated as the cause of death in 22.5 % of pre-weaned and 46.5 % in post-weaned heifers. In 2010, 18.1 % of pre-weaned heifers on dairy heifer raising operations were reportedly affected by pneumonia, the second most common illness after diarrhea. Despite the availability of numerous vaccines and antibiotics specifically approved for the prevention and treatment of BRD, morbidity and mortality in dairy calves have remained static over the past 25 years. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine how management practices on California dairies are associated with BRD in pre-weaned calves.


A fleet of autonomously drifting profiling floats equipped with hydrophones, known by their acronym mermaid, monitors worldwide seismic activity from inside the oceans. The instruments are programmed to detect and transmit acoustic pressure conversions from teleseismic P wave arrivals for use in mantle tomography. Reporting seismograms in near-real time, within hours or days after they were recorded, the instruments are not usually recovered, but if and when they are, their memory buffers can be read out. We present a unique 1-yr-long data set of sound recorded at frequencies between 0.1 and 20 Hz in the South Pacific around French Polynesia by a mermaid float that was, in fact, recovered. Using time-domain, frequency-domain and time-frequency-domain techniques to comb through the time-series, we identified signals from 213 global earthquakes known to published catalogues, with magnitudes 4.6–8.0, and at epicentral distances between 24° and 168°. The observed signals contain seismoacoustic conversions of compressional and shear waves travelling through crust, mantle and core, including P, S, Pdif, Sdif, PKIKP, SKIKS, surface waves and hydroacoustic T phases. Only 10 earthquake records had been automatically reported by the instrument—the others were deemed low-priority by the onboard processing algorithm. After removing all seismic signals from the record, and also those from other transient, dominantly non-seismic, sources, we are left with the infrasonic ambient noise field recorded at 1500 m depth. We relate the temporally varying noise spectral density to a time-resolved ocean-wave model, WAVEWATCH III. The noise record is extremely well explained, both in spectral shape and in temporal variability, by the interaction of oceanic surface gravity waves. These produce secondary microseisms at acoustic frequencies between 0.1 and 1 Hz according to the well-known frequency-doubling mechanism.


This article describes and highlights some of the theoretical and political facets of the vast intellectual work and life of Celso Furtado. It includes the years following the military coup of 1964, his exile from Brozil and the loss of his political rights. The author shows the radical changes in his theoretical and political reflection which could be described as a break away from certain issues coucerning economic development that had previously dominated his work and whose discursive legacy is known as the dependency theory. It marked the beginning of a new existential and political era for both Furtado and Brazil


In the recent years, the Indonesian Capital Market saw a significant increase in terms of number of investors, daily transaction turnover, transaction frequency, and number of listed companies. This tremendous growth directly affects Indonesia Stock Exchange's (IDX) to reconsider their knowledge management process to generate optimum results from carry out their responsibilities. As the sole capital market trading infrastructure provider in Indonesia, some of the stock exchange function can only be operated by using knowledge of IDX employee which acquired by years of working experience in IDX. The objectives in this study were to determine identify the essential knowledge and to define the essential knowledge that needs to be improved in IDX's internal audit, and then propose an implementation plan to improve knowledge in IDX's internal audit. The research method used is qualitative methodology through document analysis and key persons interviews interview which was conducted in April 2023. This study uses a variety of knowledge management approaches to address knowledge mapping, knowledge gaps, and knowledge loss. According to the study's results, the author identifies knowledge gap and offers several recommendations regarding Knowledge Development Program to close the knowledge gap and Knowledge Retention Program to build on the knowledge that Internal Audit already possesses.


Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has evolved dramatically since the first reports of this technology in 1991, and has become an integral part of the ophthalmology evaluation. In addition to providing an indispensible service for the retina physician, the ability to quantify the retinal nerve fiber layer has begun to change neuro-ophthalmic practice. In this regard, OCT has the potential to change qualitative, subjective descriptive reporting into reproducible quantitative science.


Emotional intelligence has significant role in compatible behaviors, mental health, and stress adjustment. The aim of current study is to predict mental health and social compatibility based on emotional intelligence indicators.150 female students of Payam e Noor University Abdanan Branch were selected. In order to evaluate the variables of the study, General Health Questionnaire (GTQ), Bells social compatibility scale, and Bar-On emotional intelligence test were used. The analysis of the results showed that the participants' emotional intelligence can predict the mental health, it means that the higher emotional intelligence the higher mental health and social compatibility behavior. Based on the obtained results the need to teach emotional intelligence indicators to increase the compatibility behaviors and stress adjustment is felt.


We study the positive solutions and attractivity of the difference equation xn+1 = xn−5 1 + xn−2xn−5 for n = 0, 1, 2, ... where initial values are nonnegative real numbers. 496 R. Karatas, C. Cinar and D. Simsek


Current standard approaches for quantitation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in outdoor air are labor-intensive and/or require additional equipment. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simpler alternative; however, its application is often limited by complex calibration, the need for highly pure gases and the lack of automation. Earlier, we proposed the simple, automated and accurate method for quantitation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in air using 20 mL headspace vials and standard addition calibration. The aim of present study was to expand this method for quantitation of >20 VOCs in air. Twenty-five VOCs were chosen for the method development. Polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber provided better combination of detection limits and relative standard deviations of calibration slopes than other studied fibers. Optimal extraction time was 10 min. For quantification of all analytes except n-undecane, crimp top vials with samples should not stand on the autosampler tray for >8 h, while 22 most stable analytes can be quantified during 24 h. The developed method was successfully tested for automated quantification of VOCs in outdoor air samples collected in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the responses of 23 VOCs were below 15.6%. Toluene-to-benzene concentration ratios were below 1.0 in colder days, indicating that most BTEX originated from non-transport-related sources.


The present paper investigates the turbulent mixing of the heavy precursor gas TEOS in a hot accelerated transonic air co-flow. A mass flux of ṁinj,TEOS = 0.5 g s TEOS premixed with ṁinj,N2 = 0.32 g s nitrogen is injected in an air co-flow with a mass flux of ṁco−flow = 100 g s at Maco−flow = 0.66 and Tco−flow = 1200K and afterwards accelerated to supersonic speed. High frequency, non equilibrium turbulence phenomena dominated by pronounced free shear layers are expected to significantly affect the mixing process. Therefore, a large-eddy simulation (LES) which is capable of capturing the turbulent behavior on the relevant scales is used to simulate the mixing process. An efficient multi-species LES method based on the MILES technique with an explicit 5-stage Runge-Kutta scheme is applied. The results of the simulations show that the wake is dominated by strong vortex shedding from the blunt injector trailing edge. The mixing process is impeded by these primary vortices.


In the last two years,the BALIS document delivery system grew up through the preparation,promotion and development since its start up.In this paper,the author introduces some countermeasures helping BALIS document delivery in the last two years to find the useful ways to develop the regional document delivery system.But this is only a little,there must be better ways following up.


In this paper, p-channel junctionless (JL) silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS)-type nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices with gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire (NW) structure by using silicon-nanocrystal for the charge-trapping layer are presented. The devices exhibited good erase efficiency and excellent retention behavior and can be used in system-on-panel and 3-D-stacked flash memory applications. In addition, a band-to-band hot hole (BBHH) method for erasing is proposed and compared with the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling method. Because FN erasing requires a high gate voltage, BBHH erasing, which requires a low voltage, can increase the service life of the memory. Channel hot electron and band-to-band hot electron were used for programming and yielded low programming efficiency for the p-channel JL GAA NW NVM devices because of a lack of electron carriers. The program/erase efficiency is related to the channel type in JL NVM devices.


FDA has approved empagliflozin and metformin hydrochloride (Synjardy, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Eli Lilly and Company) tablets for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes.


Development of a paired fold thrust-thrust belt/foreland basin is correlated to the flattening of the subducting Nazca plate between 28-33{degree}S. Magnetostratigraphic studies in neogene basin-filling continental strata determine local basin subsidence rates and provide relatively precise chronostratigraphic correlation between different depositional environments. The data demonstrate that most existing lithostratigraphic units are diachronous and require new tectonic interpretations. Increases in sediment accumulation rates closely correspond to changes in provenance and indicate that the Frontal Cordillera, on the Chile-Argentina border was a positive topographic province by 18 Ma. The Precordillera evolved from {approx}16 Ma to the present as thrusting migrated from west to east. Published ages from intercalated airfall tuffs constrain some sedimentary sections in the eastern Sierras Pampeanas where the earliest uplift occurred since 10 Ma. The youngest uplifts are on the west side close to continuing thrusting in the Precordillera. Not all fold-thrust belt/foreland basin pairs are associated with flat subduction, suggesting that tectonic controls exceeding the scale of individual plate segments may be important. The hydrocarbon-producing Subandean fold-thrust belt/foreland basin, located in the area of 'steep' subduction that underlies northern Argentina and Bolivia (18-24{degree}S), is also believed to have evolved since middle Miocene time. Recently initiated magnetostratigraphic studies inmore » the Subandean foreland basin will attempt to temporally constrain the Neogene tectonic evolution for comparison with the southern region.« less


The present invention relates to a wire coating material composition. The compositions of the present invention, based on the total weight of the composition, the polypropylene-based resin 20 to 30% by weight; Maleic acid is 10 to 20% by weight of grafted polyolefin elastomer resin; And an inorganic flame retardant to 50 to 70% by weight; and a. Wire coating material composition according to the present invention is to minimize the tensile strength, tensile elongation and mechanical properties even when the bending strain does not degrade bleaching. Polypropylene, maleic anhydride, the polyolefin elastomer resin, an inorganic flame retarder, bleaching, wire coating


In this paper, gas turbine blades are modeled analytically and numerically as Timoshenko beams by considering rotary inertia and shear deformation. The natural frequencies and relevant mode shapes are then determined by using this theory. On the other hand, the pressure distribution of the airfoil surfaces and the resulting aerodynamic forces are calculated with 'ANSYS/FLOTRAN' during one-cycle time marching at several reduced frequencies. A parametric relation is then achieved by Roger's approximation including quasi-inertia, quasi-damping, and quasi-elastic and higher order terms. Having the structure and the aerodynamic model, the final aeroelastic equations are established by bending/torsion and aerodynamics/structure coupling. Thus, an eigenvalue problem is formulated which is solved by state space approach. This procedure is repeated at several free stream velocities until the real component of an eigenvalue equals zero. The latest velocity is the flutter speed and the imaginary component of the corresponding eigenvalue is the flutter frequency. Then the flutter characteristics of such blade with an uncambered airfoil are also determined by the same procedure, and the effect of a specified camber on flutter is investigated.

 Key words: Blade, airfoil, ANSYS/CFD, Timoshenko beam, camberline, aeroelastic, flutter, aerodynamics.


The β‐oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in yeast was studied by measuring and comparing the growth of wild‐type S. cerevisiae with the growth of mutants that either have a deleted Δ3,5, Δ2,4‐dienoyl‐CoA isomerase (dienoyl‐CoA isomerase) gene (DCI1) or thioesterase gene (TES1) on oleic or palmitic acid. Growth of wild‐type and dci1 strains on oleic acid was indistinguishable, whereas the tes1 mutant grew slower and to a lower density. In contrast, all three strains grew in a similar manner on palmitic acid. 3,5‐Tetradecanoic acid was detected in the medium by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after growth of wild‐type cells on oleic acid but not when palmitic acid was the carbon source. When the tes1 mutant was transformed with a plasmid expressing human dienoyl‐CoA isomerase, the growth defect on oleic acid was partially corrected. These observations support the conclusion that the product of the DCI1 gene does not function as dienoyl‐CoA isomerase in oleate β‐oxidation. Hence 3,5‐tetradecadienoyl‐CoA, an intermediate of oleate β‐oxidation, does not seem to be degraded via the reductase‐dependent pathway but rather by an alternate pathway that involves a thioesterase, which hydrolyzes 3,5‐tetradecadienoyl‐CoA to 3,5‐tetradecadienoic acid that is excreted into the growth medium.


Starting from the unsymmetric N,N′-substituted thiourea compounds (R)N(H)C(═S)N(H)(tBu) (1, R = Dipp: 2,6-iPr2-C6H3; 2, R = 1-adamantyl), the corresponding asymmetric carbodiimines (R)N═C═N(tBu) (3, R = Dipp; 4, R = 1-adamantyl) are readily accessible in high yields upon reduction with LiHMDS (Li[N(SiMe3)2]). The reaction of compound 3 with PhLi followed by SiCl4 afforded, in a one-pot reaction, the asymmetric benzamidinato-stabilized trichlorosilane [PhC{(NtBu)(NDipp)}]SiCl3 (5). Similarly, silanes [PhC{(NtBu)(NDipp)}]SiHCl2 (6), [(NMe2)C{(NtBu)(NDipp)}]SiHCl2 (7), and [PhC{(NtBu)(NAd)}]SiHCl2 (8) could also be isolated. All novel trichloro- or dichlorohydridosilanes were fully spectroscopically characterized and studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, the latter revealing in all cases a distorted-trigonal bipyramidal five-coordinate silicon center. The reactions of silanes 5–8 with K2[Fe(CO)4] were also explored: In the case of the reaction of silane 5 with K2[Fe(CO)4], no reaction was obs...


Realizing decent employment for the new generation of migrant workers can alleviate labor-management conflicts and promote harmonious social development. This paper uses the 2017 database of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) to analyze the relationship between the human capital of the new generation of migrant workers and decent employment. The research shows that: human capital and the realization degree of decent employment are positively correlated. The gender, age, education, health, and labor migration of the new generation of migrant workers have a significant impact on decent employment. The standardized coefficients of age, education, health, and labor migration in the model are 0.131, 0.273, 0.193, 0.460.It shows that for every increase of age by 1 unit, the realization degree of decent employment increases by 0.131 units; for every unit of academic qualifications, the realization degree of decent employment increases by 0.273 units; for every 1 unit of health status, the realization degree of decent employment increases by 0.193 units; For every increase of 1 unit of labor migration, the realization degree of decent employment increases by 0.460 units.


High density polyethylene (HDPE) blown films were prepared to examine the effect of increasing take-up ratio (TUR) on crystalline morphology. Infrared dichroic results from those films indicated alignment of the crystalline a-axis along the MD with increasing TUR. While this data concurs with models proposed by previous authors, it conflicts with X-ray scattering results. A model is proposed that rationalizes similar apparent inconsistencies between IR and X-ray data previously reported in the literature.


Background: Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS) is defined as scoliosis occurring before the age of 5 years. It affects not only the growing spine but also has a direct influence on the cardiopulmonary development and function of the child. Cardiopulmonary function is compromised as a result of decreased size of the thoracic cavity, which has a negative effect on lung alveolar development. The goal in the management of EOS is to control the deformity and allow continued growth of the spine and thoracic cavity. Non-fusion instrumentation facilitates this and allows ongoing respiratory development and optimal cardiopulmonary functions. However some authors describe that early onset scoliosis is that scoliosis starts before the age of 10 years. The debate in these definitions is made because of the difference in spine growth and cardiopulmonary compromise before and after age of five.


Carotid glomus is a neuroendocrine tumor, originating in the mesoderm in the third branchial arch, of the ectoderm that makes up the neural crest, from which the paraganglionic cells are derived. It is rare, slow-growing, a symptomatic until it manifest as a mass in the cervical region or neck. In 1941 Rufus Guild was the first using the term glomus jugular or jugular body tissue and demonstrated the 3 locations of it (half the time in the adventitia of the jugular bulb dome,3 and with the same frequency in the tympanic artery branch of the jugular glossopharyngeal nerve or the auricular branch of the vagus nerve). It was only much later that these tumors were reported to occur at any of these places. The carotid body tumor is known also as carotid glomus, paraganglioma or chemodectoma. The etiology can be sporadic 2/3 of the cases and 1/2 are hereditary with mutations that encode the different subunits of the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme. Although the carotid body tumor is the most common paragangliomas of the head and neck, it represents 0.6% of tumors in the neck in general. A Classification may be according the tumor location (Shamblin Class I located in the carotid bifurcation, but without adherence to the carotid vessels; Class II partially involves the carotid vessels and Class III closely adherent to the carotid), according to extension and relation to morbidity and mortality (Glasscock-Jackson and Fish Type A, B, C1, C2, C3, D1, and D2). It is more frequent in females, with age of 30-70 years, in a proporcion of 3-6/1. The incidence is uncertain being about 1 in 1.3 million people per year.4,5


Ni-P-SiC nanocomposite coatings were prepared by ultrasonic-electroless plating on surface of 45 steel substrate.Through orthogonal experiment,the technology parameters of plating Ni-P-SiC nanocomposite coatings were optimized and the best addition amount of SiC nanoparticles,ultrasonic power,temperature of plating liquid and pH value were determined.The microstructure of the coatings was observed and analysed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM).


Between the years 1621-24, Scotland and the north of England were afflicted by a famine which must count amongst the more important demographic events of the seventeenth century. Michael Flinn did not flinch from calling it "a national disaster" which may have surpassed the so-called "Seven Ill Years" of the 1690s in its scale and intensity.i The timing of the famine is also significant; twenty-four separate cases of either localised or national food shortages have been identified in the period 1550-1600, but by the second decade of the seventeenth century, Scotland seems to have been exporting surplus grain and reducing imports of victual from the Baltic.ii


Total of 300 cross breed cattle were screened for T. anuulata infection on the basis of blood smear and lymph node biopsy examination, of which 68 animals were found to be positive indicating 22.66 percent prevalence of T. annulata. at different villages of Indore district. Out of 68 positive cases, 21 animals died due to clinical T. annulata infections indicating a mortality rate of 30.88 percent. The mortality rate was higher in calves (both male and female) 59.25 percent. The remaining 47 animals (69.12 percent) recovered owing to the treatment. The mortality in heifers less than 3 years was found to be 20.00 percent and mortality in adult female cows more than 3 years was 7.69 percent. In the adult cow, out of 26 positive cases, 10 cows were under physiological stress condition of lactation. Among the samples collected the highest prevalence was observed at private dairy farm of Asravad village (33.33%) and lowest at Silotiya village (18.7%).


Part 1: Meanings Ch 1. Leisure in the Laboratory and Other Strange Notions: Psychological Research on the Subjective Nature of Leisure - Roger Mannell Ch 2. Escape from time: Experience the travel within - Pete McGrath Ch 3. Leisure, Happiness and Positive Lifestyle - Robert A. Stebbins Ch 4. Leisure, Life, Enjoyment and Well-Being - John Howarth Ch 5. Deviance, Dark Tourism and 'Dark Leisure': Towards a (re)configuration of morality and the taboo in secular society - Phil Stone and Richard Sharpley Part 2: Motives Ch 6. The Unsustainability of Leisure: The Sustainability of Just Leisure - Karla Henderson Ch 7. Playing In The Great Outdoors: Risk and Adventure Activities In The Twenty-first Century - Paul Beedie Ch 8. Sites of Serious Leisure: Acting Up In Space and Place - Sam Elkington Ch 9. I am what I pretend to be: Performance and Deception in Leisure - Sean Gammon Ch 10. The Technological Mediation of Leisure in Contemporary Society - Jo Bryce Ch 11. How Not to Take the Fun out of Everything: Facilitating Volunteering and Leisure - Steven Howlett Ch 12. Youth and Leisure Experiences: Youth cultures and social change in Britain since the early-20th century - Ken Roberts Part 3: Learning Ch 13. Reflective Leisure, Freedom and Identity - Hayden Ramsey Ch 14. The Comprehensive Leisure Participation Framework: Theoretical Foundation, Cross-Cultural Variation, and Practical Implications - Gordon Walker Ch 15. Leisure, Identities and Personal Growth - Scott Cohen Ch 16. Models of Teaching in Leisure Education - Sam Elkington and Mike Watkins Ch 17. To Boldly Go ... Tales From a Leisurist - Lesley Lawrence


In the article «The role of O. Dovzhenko in the formation and becoming of M. Vingranovskyias a film director» I. Koliada highlights facts from biography of the outstanding poet, film director, scriptwriter and actor M. Vingranovskyi; was made an attempt to analyze the role of influence on the formation of his personality as a film director, prominent Ukrainian filmmaker O. P. Dovzhenko. The autor analyzes the peculiarities of pedagogy of O. Dovzhenko, reveals the peculiarities of organization as an artist of the educational process at the film director's course; were supplemented with new facts the biographies of both O. Dovzhenko and M. Vingranovskyi.
Keywords: cinema art, film direction, scriptwriter, cinema art pedagogy, film creativity, creativesearch


The equations for two‐Killing‐vector solutions of Einstein's equations are looked at from the point of view of the Lagrangian formalism. The original Lagrangian, written in terms of the metric, will undergo a Legendre transformation leading to the Ernst Lagrangian and from there by the same procedure to others. So one gets a sequence of Lagrangians, and by performing an invariance transformation at each step one obtains new solutions of Einstein's equations. A convenient method for dealing with Lagrangians quadratic in the velocities is outlined.


In this article two classification algorithms of computed tomography images with the purpose of detection of COVID-19 based on the local binary pattern, the GLCM features and the other extraction of statistical has been proposed to classify the chest images into two classes, COVID-19 patient or non-COVID-19 person. For this purpose, 746 images from the lung of healthy people and with the positive symptoms of COVID-19 disorder from the public data were collected and the collection of the features that was extracted in gray level was the input for artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine classifier (SVM), and the result of models shows that the highest accuracy is for SVM 98.5% and 97.2% accuracy by using the ANN.


SuMMARY Inside the forests of the High place of the Alberche river a wide diversity of fauna shelters. It is here where there frees itself an ancient and constant fight, between his settlers. Each of these species is unique and they have a few customs and peculiar characteristics, making them a valuable object of study.


A temperature sensor rationality control system for an exhaust treatment system (18) of a vehicle (10) having an oxidation catalyst (26), comprising: an oxidation catalyst inlet temperature sensor (38) that generates an inlet temperature signal (TIN); an oxidation catalyst outlet temperature sensor (40) that generates an outlet temperature signal (TOUT); and a control module (30) that - considers an exhaust gas temperature (TEXH) to be within a defined threshold range defined by a first threshold temperature (TTHR) and light-off temperature (TLO) of the oxidation catalyst (26) when a plurality of vehicle operating parameters is within respective threshold ranges and the engine run time (tRUN) exceeds a threshold run time (tRUNTHR); and determines whether a difference (TDIFF) based on the inlet temperature signal (TIN) and the outlet temperature signal (TOUT) is below a difference threshold (TDIFFTHR) the exhaust gas temperature (TEXH) is greater than the first threshold temperature (TTHR) and less than the light-off temperature (TLO) of the oxidation catalyst (26).


Business documents come in a variety of structures, formats and information needs which makes information extraction a challenging task. Due to these variations, having a document generic model which can work well across all types of documents for all the use cases seems far-fetched. For document-specific models, we would need customized document-specific labels. We introduce DoSA (Document Specific Automated Annotations), which helps annotators in generating initial annotations automatically using our novel bootstrap approach by leveraging document generic datasets and models. These initial annotations can further be reviewed by a human for correctness. An initial document-specific model can be trained and its inference can be used as feedback for generating more automated annotations. These automated annotations can be reviewed by humanin-the-loop for the correctness and a new improved model can be trained using the current model as pre-trained model before going for the next iteration. In this paper, our scope is limited to Form like documents due to limited availability of generic annotated datasets, but this idea can be extended to a variety of other documents as more datasets are built. An opensource ready-to-use implementation is made available on GitHub.


In recent decades most developed countries have experienced an increase in income inequality. In this paper, we use an equilibrium search framework to shed additional light on what is causing income distribution to change. The major benefit of the model is that it is can accommodate shocks to the skill composition in the market, employee bargaining power and productivity. Further, when our model is subjected to skill-upgrading and changes in employee bargaining power, it is capable of predicting the recent changes observed in the Danish income distribution. The model emphasizes that shocks to the employees' relative productivity, i.e., skill-biased technological change, are unlikely to have caused the increase in income inequality.


A low complexity system of optical links using indoor unguided infrared channels and direct-sequence code division multiple access is presented. Direct sequence spread spectrum techniques improve performance of optical unguided links with background illumination noise, and multipath propagation. It also allows several users to use code division multiple access, to share the same infrared channel. In the system designed, optical infrared carrier is intensity modulation by a direct-sequence spread spectrum electrical signal, driving the optical emitter. Infrared radiation is directly detected by receiver photodiode.


Optimal learning addresses the problem of efficiently collecting information with which to make decisions. These problems arise in both offline settings (making a series of measurements, after which a decision is made) and online settings (the process of making a decision results in observations that change the distribution of belief about future observations). Optimal learning is an issue primarily in applications where observations or measurements are expensive. These include expensive simulations (where a single observation might take a day or more), laboratory sciences (testing a drug compound in a lab), and field experiments (testing a new energy saving technology in a building). This tutorial provides an introduction to this problem area, covering important dimensions of a learning problem and introducing a range of policies for collecting information.


The scarcity of spectrum resources and the desire to improve spectrum efficiency have led to extensive research and development in recent years in such concepts as dynamic spectrum access/sharing, open access, and secondary (spot or short-term) spectrum market. The secondary spectrum market allows the primary (spectrum owner) to sell/share underutilized spectrum to potential buyers so as to maximize usage of spectrum, e.g., using the auction mechanism [1], [2], [3]. In this paper, we propose a framework similar to [4] where the sellers propose contracts to the secondary spectrum buyers.


Abstract – The analysis of organic matter in the rio Negro, rio Solimoes and rio Amazonas focused on total organic car-bon (TOC), as determined at two main sizes, the particulate form (> 0.2 µm) and the colloidal form (0.2 µm to 5000 dal-ton). These fractions were obtained by tangential ultrafiltration carried out on 50 l water samples. The total polysaccha-ride contents were determined by a colorimetric method, the main classes of organic compounds by pyrolysis and gaschromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and the lignin or non-lignin phenols by cupric oxidealkaline oxidation and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array spectrophotometer detec-tion. Upstream of the confluence of the rio Negro and rio Solimoes, the rivers show characteristic differences. The rioNegro has low discharge, high levels of TOC% for the two fractions, high levels of polysaccharides, low levels of ligninphenols and high levels of hydroxybenzyl non-lignin phenols. The main classes of organic compounds also give a dis-tribution different for the particulate (phenols associated to aromatic compounds) and the colloidal (aromatic compoundsand sugars). For the rio Solimoes, the compositional features are generally reversed. Downstream of the confluence, thecolloidal fraction showed noteworthy levels of lignin-derived compounds associated with increasing levels of polysac-charides correlated to the distance from the confluence.biogeochemistry / organic matter / Py-GC-MS / HPLC / phenols / lignin / particulate / colloidalResume – Caracteres biogeochimiques de la matiere organique particulaire et colloidale en aval de la confluencedes rios Negro et Solimoes. L'analyse de la matiere organique dans les eaux du rio Negro, du rio Solimoes et du rioAmazonas a porte sur la charge totale en suspension (TSM) ainsi que sur les fractions particulaire (> 0.2 µm) et colloi-dale (0.2 µm a 5000 dalton). Ces fractions ont ete obtenues par ultrafiltration tangentielle executee sur des echantillonsAgronomie 20 (2000) 477–490


As fuel costs increase, transportation modes are looking to railways as a cheaper, more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative. Because of railway transportation's immense advantages over road and air transportation, its use is expected to increase two-fold or more over the next 10 years in the US and Canada, and likely all of North America (NA). However, NA railways are still dependent on diesel-electric locomotives, while other countries in Europe and Asia have long ago switched to more efficient electric locomotive technology. Electric locomotives have significant benefits over diesel-electrics, such as increased efficiency and traction, a lower probability of failure, reduced noise and vibrations, potential for brake regeneration, and an overall reduced carbon footprint. Despite these advantages, electric locomotives can cost significantly more than diesel-electrics and require expensive infrastructure, such as catenary lines and electric substations. In 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency implemented new regulations on diesel-electric locomotives to reduce emission toxins such as particulate matter and NOX. These new regulations create immense health benefits, but come at a cost to railway organizations for more stringent manufacturing and remanufacturing requirements. This paper explored the potential costs associated with electrifying the railway network in NA rather than focusing on improving diesel-electrics. A Monte Carlo Simulation was conducted to compare these costs with converting current railway lines to catenary, or partial catenary with on-board storage systems. Factors such as research costs, noise reduction benefits, health benefits, fuel usage, and productivity were taken into consideration to determine the most suitable alternative for the future of NA's railway organizations, environment, and society. Results suggest that implementing ultracapacitor or battery hybrid locomotive technology would create significant positive net present worth between 2012 and 2040, estimated at $411 Billion for passenger rail and $15.7 Trillion for freight rail, due mainly to less overhead catenary infrastructure and energy costs required, while still gaining the social benefits of reduced noise and improved health. They would also be the quickest electrification technology options to implement in terms of manageable construction and business disruption logistics, which were not considered in this analysis and should be research if and when business case development occurs in pursuit of electrifying railways. Moreover, over 80% of this significant NPW would accrue to railway organizations, suggesting that business case development and investment planning should proceed post haste to electrify, and to phase out diesel electric locomotives at the end of their economic life. Regardless of which route is taken, electrification would have immense benefits to both railway organizations and society. Increased productivity, reduced energy requirements, decreased noise and improved health would all significantly contribute to cost savings and an improved quality of life for residents of North America. As such, there appears to be a strong business case for research into development of hybrid electric locomotives that can operate on- and off-grid.


Tissue culture techniques of Cinnamomum camphora in which linalool content was over 95% and the content of camphor was under 0.05% were optimized.The results showed that when five clumps buds(5~8 buds in a clump) were inoculated under the conditions of(25±3)℃ and 3 000~5 000 lx for 25 days in the conical flask contained the proliferation medium of MS2+6-BA 4 mg/L+IAA 1 mg/L,the average effective buds were 39 per flask.The rooting-rate of a single bud was reached to 93.6% when in the medium of MS2+IAA 1.5 mg/L+IBA 1 mg/L and each plantlet had 2~4 roots.Using the coconut husk as transplanting medium,the survival rate of plantlets was 95.6%.


5047 Background: Paclitaxel Injectable Emulsion (PIE; TOCOSOL Paclitaxel) is a convenient, ready-to-use, Cremophor-free, unmodified paclitaxel product administered over 15 minutes.

METHODS
As part of a Phase 2A program, a multicenter study of PIE was conducted in taxane-naive patients (pts) with Stage III/IV platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (ov ca) pts receiving 2nd line therapy. Pts were either refractory to induction chemotherapy or had recurrent disease within 6 months of 1st line therapy. PIE was given IV over 15 min weekly. Dose cohorts were 80, 100, and 120 mg/m2.

RESULTS
52 women, median age = 52 yrs, median ECOG PS = 1, 30/21 Stage III/IV were enrolled (one Stage I pt is included in safety but not efficacy analysis). Prior chemo: platinum in all pts, with cyclophosphamide in 49 pts (plus doxorubicin in 10) or gemcitabine in 3. By study design, 7 pts received 80, 6 received 100, and 39 received 120 mg/m2/wk. Accrual is complete; 5 pts are still on therapy; follow-up for progression and survival continues. Grade 3-4 toxicities in more than 5% of pts across the entire Phase 2A program (n=145) included neutropenia (G3 17%; G4 16%; febrile 2%), anemia (G3 11%; G4 1%), peripheral neuropathy (G3 9%; G4 0%) and dyspnea (G3 4%; G4 1%). . Infusion-related symptoms were infrequent and generally resolved without treatment if the infusion was interrupted for several minutes. In the ov ca study, pts received PIE for 1 to 47 (median 9) weeks. PIE was discontinued for adverse events in 5 pts, investigator decision in 6, unspecified reasons in 13, and progressive disease in 23 pts. Objective responses by RECIST are summarized in the table.

CONCLUSION
PIE is well tolerated and shows promising efficacy given on a weekly schedule by 15 minute infusion in pts with refractory or resistant ov ca who have progressed after platinum-based therapy. [Figure: see text] [Table: see text].


Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is a serious health problem at present, which compels us to change set concepts about the interpretation of the results from susceptibility tests, so it is essential to know and to apply a construed reading of the antibiogram. The purpose of this paper was to update and to disseminate existing knowledge about this topic, in addition to disclosing the benefits of put such pieces of knowledge into practice. Some of them are detection of new mechanisms of resistance, knowledge on the resistance epidemiology, better adequacy of antimicrobial treatments, and hence, better quality and management of results. The construed reading of an antibiogram must be a clinical requirement for the microbiologist at the lab and for the attending physician.


Representing the Holocaust: Literary and Filmic Depictions of the Undepictable This course examines the Holocaust from various perspectives, disciplines, and media (including history, literature, and film) to investigate the conditions and limitations of Includes collections available on microfilm and other special formats.


The vast majority of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices rely in their mechanical design on very simple geometrical layouts comprising only a few primitives such as beams, rectangular masses and – more rarely – rings or disk-shaped structures. The beams and rectangular structures are typically combined in a Manhattan grid structure to form a suspension system, resonating structures, the proof mass of inertial sensors, comb drives, pick-off capacitive electrodes, etc. However, practically all MEMS devices having movable structures (physical sensors such as inertial sensors, force sensors, pressure sensors, actuators, as well as biochemical sensors based on resonators or beams exhibiting stress induced static deflections) are compliant devices. In other words, they don't rely on linear or rotational joints as commonly used in macroscopic mechanical designs. However, for compliant devices, orthogonal designs based only on the combination of rectangles may not be the best design approach. Depending on the parameter of interest for a particular device, much more complex geometrical shapes may result in superior performance. Parameters to be maximized could be the deflection of a proof mass in response to an input (e.g. inertial) force, the linear travel range of an electrostatic actuator for a given input voltage, the force in response to an electrostatic drive (e.g. for a micro-gripper), the pull-in voltage, the linearity of a mechanical suspension system, etc. Such a design approach requires substantially higher degrees of freedom for the shapes of the mechanical geometry, rather than restricting it to very few simple primitives. Using simple geometrical shapes is a reminiscence of early MEMS design: the designer had to intuitively understand the design and being able to model it analytically using linear approximations. With modern design tools such as MEMS+, this requirement is no longer a limiting constraint, as these tools can predict the behavior (including nonlinear effects) of virtually arbitrarily complex shapes and designs by multiphysics FEM (finite element modelling) simulations. This offers the exciting possibility for geometrical shape optimization for certain goal parameters for a wide range of MEMS devices. The presented work aims to introduce a novel and powerful design methodology for a wide range of MEMS devices relying on compliant mechanism. The proposed optimization relies on a GA that has already been successfully employed for optimizing the electronic parameters of closed-loop, electro-mechanical sigma-delta modulator control systems for inertial sensors. The primary objective of this thesis is to apply, for the first time, a GA to MEMS devices for freeform geometries. The GA based algorithm running within MEMS+ is capable of quickly and efficiently designing high performance, near optimal freeform compliant mechanisms for many MEMS devices. The semiautomated design procedure is expected to result in rather unusual geometrical shapes that have not been seen in MEMS designs to date and is therefore likely to establish an entirely new research area for MEMS. It is expected that important performance indicators for many MEMS devices will be substantially improved. In the thesis, firstly, a the novel, semi-automated design methodology based on a genetic algorithm (GA) using freeform geometries for MEMS devices is introduced. A detailed description of the optimization process is presented including, mechanical model building, figure of merit, robustness analysis. As a first demonstrostator, a MEMS a MEMS accelerometer comprising a mechanical motion amplifier, is presented to validate the effectiveness of the design approach. Experimental results show an improvement of the product of sensitivity and bandwidth by 100% and a sensitivity improvement by 141% compared to a device designed in a conventional way. Furthermore, excellent immunities to fabrication tolerance and parameter mismatch were achieved. As a second demonstrator an actuator, specifically a MEMS microgripper, is designed with this novel methodology. The use of freeform geometries significantly improved the performance of the microgripper. Experimental data shows that the designed microgripper has a large displacement ( 91.5 μm) with a low actuation voltage (47.5 V), which agrees well with theoretical and simulation results. The microgripper has a large actuation displacement and can handle micro-objects with a size from 10 μm to 100 μm. A grasping experiment on human hair with a diameter of 77 μm was performed to prove the functionality of the gripper. The result confirmed the superior performance of the new design methodology enabling freeform geometries. Dissertation organization This thesis is split into six chapters discussing the novel, semi-automated design methodology for a wide range of MEMS devices comprising freeform geometries. The chapters discuss the general design and optimization methodology for compliant structures. Two MEMS devices are designed by this method to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design approach. Experimental data of the fabricated devices are presented with the analysis of the optimization results. A brief overview of the different chapters is provided below. In Chapter 1, the background of MEMS devices, motivation as well as thesis organization are introduced. In Chapter 2, the detailed introduction of the optimization in different design level is presented including, system-level, device-level, mask synthesis, robustness as well as optimization efficiency. Different optimization algorithms for designing MEMS devices are also discussed, including gradient-based optimization algorithm, topology optimization (TO) algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA). In contrast to the gradient-based method, a GA can perform a global search. Compared to a TO, a GA has many advantages. For example, a GA is a MMO method, satisfying the multiple objects of MEMS designs. Furthermore, design feasibility does not have to be checked by frequent manual intervention as in TO, since implementing constraints of the fabrication is much more straight-forward in a GA. Thus, it will generate only design solutions that are feasible. Thus, among these optimization approaches, a GA is capable of solving multiobjective problems and gains better performance for searching global optimum solutions. GA is selected to develop a novel, semi-automated design methodology in Chapter 3. In Chapter 3, a novel, semi-automated design methodology based on a GA using freeform geometries for MEMS devices is described. The general design and optimization principle of the novel design methodology is explained. Detailed introduction of the optimization process is presented including, mechanical model building, figure of merit (FOM), robustness analysis. The GA based algorithm running within MEMS+ is capable of quickly and efficiently designing high performance, near optimal compliant mechanisms for many MEMS devices. The semi-automated design procedure is expected to result in rather unusual geometrical shapes that have not been seen in MEMS designs to date and is therefore likely to establish an entirely new research area for MEMS. In Chapter 4, the effectiveness of this design approach is verified by the optimization of a MEMS sensor, i.e. a MEMS accelerometer comprising a mechanical motion preamplifier. The proposed design methodology greatly expedites the design process and gives much confidence that the results are both optimal and robust against fabrication tolerances. Detailed explanation is given in terms of mechanical model, FOM, optimization process as well as robustness analysis. This chapter also delves into the analysis of the optimization results and convergence. Finally, the fabrication process and experimental result are presented which includes sensitivity, linearity, frequency response as well as noise floor. The experimental performance of different designs are compared to prove the effectiveness of the design approach. Experimental results show an improvement of the product of sensitivity and bandwidth by 100% and a sensitivity improvement by 141% compared to a device designed in a conventional way. Furthermore, excellent immunities to fabrication tolerance and parameter mismatch are achieved. The result confirms the superior performance of the new design methodology enabling freeform geometries. In Chapter 5, the effectiveness of this design approach is further verified by the optimization of a MEMS actuator, i.e. a microgripper with freeform geometries. Two types of microgrippers with freeform geometries and one microgripper with orthogonal geometries are optimized by this method. FEA simulations are used to analyze the static and dynamic performance as well as the stress distribution of the designed microgrippers. Detailed theoretical analysis and experimental validation are conducted. A manipulation experiment using the designed microgripper for grasping a human hair is shown. Moreover, the pull-in effect in the electrostatically actuated microgrippers is also discussed. The experiment shows that the microgripper with freeform geometries has a large displacement (91.5 μm) for a low actuation voltage (47.5 V), which agrees well with the theory. This makes it possible to manipulate a wide range of objects (size ranging from 10 μm to 100 μm). The concept is successfully demonstrated by grasping a human hair with a diameter of 77 μm. Under the same actuation voltage, microgrippers with freeform geometries improves displacement by 150-200% compared with orthogonal geometries in the same die area. Thus, freeform geometries have two advantages i) higher energy efficiency (lower actuation power to reach the same displacement), ii) less harm to fragile subjects during gripping and releasing. Compared with two of the best electrostatic microgrippers in the literature (in terms of actuation ability or range), the microgrippers wi


A photofluorescent linear trinuclear NiII-based three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (MOF) with tfz-d topology, {[Ni3(H2O)4(ptz)2(btec)]·4H2O}n (1) (ptz– = 5-(pyrazinyl)tetrazolate, btec4– = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate), was achieved by in situ hydrothermal reaction of 2-cyanopyrazine with NaN3 in the presence of Ni2+ as Lewis acid and aromatic H4btec as coligand. Interestingly, the ptz– ligand in 1 represents an unprecedented tetradentate μ4-κ2N1,N5:κ1N2:κ1N6 chelating-bridging mode and contributes to the extension of the 1D ribbons into a 3D framework.


We propose a platform for braiding Majorana non-Abelian anyons based on a heterostructure between a d-wave high-Tc superconductor and a quantum spin-Hall insulator. It has been recently shown that such a setup for a quantum spin-Hall insulator leads to a pair of Majorana zero modes at each corner of the sample, and thus can be regarded as a higher-order topological superconductor. We show that upon applying a Zeeman field in the region, these Majorana modes split in space and can be manipulated for braiding processes by tuning the field and pairing phase. We show that such a setup can achieve full braiding, exchanging, and phase gates of the Majorana zero modes, all of which are robust and protected by symmetries. Our analysis naturally includes interaction effects and can be generalized to cases with fractional bulk excitations. As many of the ingredients of our proposed platform have been realized in recent experiments, our results provides a new route toward topological quantum computation.


Sexual life cycle events in Pfiesteria piscicida and cryptoperidiniopsoid heterotrophic dinoflagellates were determined by following the development of isolated gamete pairs in single‐drop microcultures with cryptophyte prey. Under these conditions, the observed sequence of zygote formation, development, and postzygotic divisions was similar in these dinoflagellates. Fusion of motile gamete pairs each produced a rapidly swimming uninucleate planozygote with two longitudinal flagella. Planozygotes enlarged as they fed repeatedly on cryptophytes. In <12 h in most cases, each planozygote formed a transparent‐walled nonmotile cell (cyst) with a single nucleus. Zygotic cysts did not exhibit dormancy under these conditions. In each taxon, dramatic swirling chromosome movements (nuclear cyclosis) were found in zygote nuclei before division. In P. piscicida, nuclear cyclosis occurred in the zygotic cyst or apparently earlier in the planozygote. In the cryptoperidiniopsoids, nuclear cyclosis occurred inthe zygotic cyst. After nuclear cyclosis, a single cell division occurred in P. piscicida and cryptoperidiniopsoid zygotic cysts, producing two offspring that emerged as biflagellated cells. These two flagellated cells typically swam for hours and fed on cryptophytes before encysting. A single cell division in these cysts produced two biflagellated offspring that also fed before encysting for further reproduction. This sequence of zygote development and postzygotic divisions typically was completed within 24 h and was confirmed in examples from different isolates of each taxon. Some aspects of the P. piscicida sexual life cycle determined here differed from previous reports.


A new THz/IR/UV photon source at Jefferson Lab is the first of a new generation of light sources based on an energy-recovered, (superconducting) Linac (ERL). The source is based on coherent collective radiation from electrons via magnetic bends or in lasing of a pair of free electron lasers. We present a description of the system and its application.


Basil is a very important medicinal plant and culinary spice, and is marketed fresh, dried or frozen. In crop nutrition, nitrogen is essential for plant growth and as a macro-element, is part of the proteins' structure and participates in the metabolic processes involved in the synthesis and energy transfer. It has been shown that a balance between ammonium and nitrate favors plant growth and that the degree of benefit varies among crops. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth of two varieties of basil in function of four nutrient solutions containing different NH4 + /NO3 - ratios. Results showed that different variety response differently to nutrient solution. Although the highest yield in both varieties (sweet and purple) was obtained when fed by nutrient solution without ammonium but their response on quality indices were different due to nitrate ammonium ratio in nutrient solutions. The highest total phenol content of sweet and purple basil was 92 and 100 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight respectively, while the highest antioxidant capacity was obtained in purple variety grown in nutrient solution 2 (NH4 + :1/NO3:4) and the lowest value were related to sweet variety with the same nutrient solution. Moderate content of total nitrogen can be suitable for sweet variety while for purple variety nutrient solution with low amount of ammonium can be more suitable.


A vector signal can be sparsely represented by a linear combination of small number of atoms in a dictionary. Many works focused on finding this dictionary by adopting a learning point-of-view. We present a new dictionary learning method with Weighted Stochastic Gradient Descent (WSGD). We construct a novel cost function by introducing a weighting matrix and solve this problem by stochastic gradient descent. It is demonstrated from synthetic experiments that our method have a good performance in signal representation capability and the ability to recover the original dictionary.


In the Chinese herbal medicine database system,one of the problems is how to transform the unstructured data to structured data.We apply the identifiably of lexical analysis to solve the transforming problem of key words and create database of the words.And then we bring forwards a good way to improve storage efficiency of standardization data of Chinese herbal medicine works.


AIM To develop a comparative method for studying on the HPLC/UV/MS fingerprints of triterpene acid in the leaves and the seeds of Lagerstroemia specious L. METHODS Separation was performed on LunaC_ 18 (2.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μ)analytical column, The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.1 % formic acid as gradient eluent. The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min -1 . RESULTS Both of corosolic acid and maslinic acid existed in the leaves and the seeds of Lagerstroemia specious L. Ursolic acid existed in the leaves and the oleanolic acid contained in the seeds of Lagerstroemia speciouswere L. CONCLUSION The method can be used for quality control of the leaves and the seeds of Lagerstroemia specious L.


1. Cutting tool for mining machines, particularly coal cutter comprising a tool basic body and fixed in its receiving hole cutting insert which is composed of a diamond composite material, characterized in that the diameters of the cutting insert (1) and the receiving opening (6) have dimensioned such that the cutting insert (1) is held in the receiving hole (6) due to hot press posadki.2. Cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting insert (1) is further held in the receiving hole (6) by means of solder joint, preferably with application introduced into the receiving opening (6) of solder, preferably a metal pripoya.3. The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting insert (1) is electrolytic copper coating whose thickness is preferably 0.1-0.2 mm.4. Cutting tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the solder is preferably selected copper-silver pripoy.5. The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the diamond composite material consists of diamond crystals, which are connected with each other via kremniya.6 carbide matrix. The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting tool is configured in the form of clove, and the top of the cutting insert (1) is substantially conical, with the apex angle is 60 ° -75 ° .7. Cutting tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the top (2) of the cutting insert (1) has a radius of 2-5 mm, preferably 4 mm.8. The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 or 7, characterized in that the cutting insert has a cylindrical main body (3) with a diameter


Original scientific paper In this paper, based on the overlapping deformation mode of load transfer law of uplift belled pile, and the theory of elastic mechanics, the elastic-plastic analytical solutions of uplift belled pile were derived, and the nonlinear elastic-plastic deformation analysis method was established, which made the deformation analysis theory of uplift belled pile more reasonable. The deformation analysis method of uplift belled pile was extended to uplift pile with change location expanding body (CLEB), which was carried out the deformation analysis of uplift pile under the complex load conditions conveniently. The deformation analytical solutions derived in this paper were simpler, avoid unit division of pile and tedious numerical calculation. Through the comparison between test results and results of theoretical calculation, it was shown that the elastic-plastic analytical solutions were close to the field test results. The elastic-plastic method in this paper provided a reference for engineering design of uplift belled pile. The method established in this paper could calculate the load-deformation relationship of uplift belled pile which has high level of bearing capacity, so it has important role to reduce or partially replace the field loading test work. Finally, the method was used to analyse the main factors of uplift belled pile of affecting the deformation character of the uplift belled pile.


An investigation was made of the effect of creep fracture toughness on the crack initiation and growth of two low-alloy heat resistant steels 25Cr2Mo1V and 12Cr1MoV. It was found that the resistance to creep crack initiation and growth of steel 25Cr2Mo1V, with a higher creep rupture strength, is much lower than that of 12Cr1MoV. This resistance is increased with the increase of the creep fracture toughness. For steel 25Cr2Mo1V, the creep rupture strength decreases slightly, and the creep fracture toughness and the resistance to crack initiation and growth increase along with the raise of the tempering temperature. As the steels are in tough or brittle state, the initiation and growth of creep crack are varied. In the tough state, cracking is both transgranular and intergranular around the notch tip. The transgranular crack may be either occurred in carbide inside the grains or nucleated at grain boundary and then propagated into grain. However, the intergranular crack may be formed by nucleation, growth and interlinkage of voids. Cracks may be propagated along grain boundaries and penetrated through the grains yet they are discontinuous. In the brittle state, cracks occur along grain boundaries only. They originate from the interlinkage of voids and cause eventually to brittle fracture.


The results of TCM preventing occupational disease and the occupation-related disease,the policies and measures of developing TCM in Gansu Province and the developing status were illustrated,which can provide evidence for popularizing TCM preventing occupational disease in the underdevelopment area.


: Studies of the relationship between the EU and NATO often focus on the limitations of cooperation, be it at the political or operational levels. However, little is known about the functioning of the political institutional linkages between the EU and NATO. This article therefore studies the main decision-making bodies of the two organisations at the political, ambassadorial level, namely the Political Security Committee (PSC) of the EU and the North Atlantic Council (NAC) in NATO, as well as their joint meetings. The article employs an inductive Grounded Theory approach, drawing on open-ended interviews with PSC and NAC ambassadors, which reveal direct insights from the objects of analysis. The findings emphasise the impact of both structural and more agency-related categories on decision-making in these three fora. The article thus addresses both the paucity of study on these bodies more broadly and the complete lacuna on joint PSC-NAC meetings specifically, warranting the inductive approach this article endorses. You cannot really compare the two, they are completely different worlds. NAC ambassadors are the bosses, they are gods. […] Decisions in NATO are made by NAC ambassadors, with the instructions from governments of course. […] In EU, even permanent representatives are fry. The EU institutions, the believe they are (Interview


Moral and aesthetic educations are the two significant aspects among the "Five educations". This article expounds the inner link between morality and beauty-appreciation as well as the link between moral and aesthetic educations from the viewpoints of philosophy and psychology. The interpretation of aesthetic principle to the "purpose-oriented" character of "beauty" indicates that beauty carries the function of virtue and hence expounds the theoretical basis of blending and permeation between moral and aesthetic educations. Quality-oriented education does not just consider "morality" as one of the basic qualities of people. Therefore, moral education requires more methods and means, to pursue the maximized achievement by making entertainment a medium of education and exercising an invisible, formative influence on people's character. This is a new demand of the trend of social development for moral education.


Suitable modifications to the theory to accommodate the cases where a lit period overlaps adjacent 15-minute intervals can easily be made. The frequency with which an event is recorded is set by the user. It is determined by such economic and practical factors as the availability of magnetic tape and of facilities to analyse the observations. This means that the nature of the measuring problem can be changed at will. In our case, the minimum duration of a lit period (26 seconds) comfortably exceeds the frequency of measurement (10 seconds); but if the sensing device had been set so that the frequency of measurement had been more than 26 seconds, then the problem would have become the more complicated one of sampling together with accuracy of measurement. Perhaps readers might like to think about this ?


H.264/AVC provides an interface for flexible, bandwidth-optimized transmission of broadcast video streaming in Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. The video quality and compression ratio depends on Group of Pictures (GOP) structure. GOP structure also affects the distortion sensitivity of the video stream due to packet losses. In this paper, the effect of the GOP length to the video quality is investigated. The simulation results show that by increasing the GOP length, the video quality also increases. But after reaching the highest PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) or MOS (Mean Opinion Score) value, it starts to decrease. In the first increasing period, the efficient coding plays major role, so higher of GOP lengths lead to a better quality. After the optimal of GOP settings, when the video quality is the highest, the error propagation effect becomes more significant. Hence, using higher Intra frame (I-frame) intervals, the error will be spreading because of significant distortion. Each type of transmitted video has different optimal GOP, depend on its characteristic. For four types of reference videos that are used in the simulation, the optimal GOP is reached at 5 ≤ GOP length ≤ 8.


Participant observation and interview data from diet groups reveal some latent and unintended consequences in a voluntary, self-help facility. Group dieting offers five basic social services: (1) the encouragement to let off steam; (2) a friendly social occasion to express sociability for its own sake as a means to face tensions; (3) an outlet to express specific fears and worries; (4) a consumer's guide for the giving and receiving of practical knowledge; and (5) support and suggestions for constructing helpful solutions to emotional problems.


Singapore is a country of multi-nationality and multi-language.Since 1968 Singapore has started to popularize the movement of simplified character,which gives us many reflections.The popularization is an ideal way to reduce the interference of using the language in Chinese character field and to improve the efficiency.


Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare and accounts for0.2 to 0.6% of all the cases of prostate cancers. The etiology is unclear. There are1389 cases diagnosed as prostate cancer in our hospital from November, 1990 to June, 2007. Among these cases, only one case with squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate was encountered. The patient was 71 years old and his clinical symptoms included bladder outlet obstruction, hematuria, and dysuria. Transrectal ultrasound showed no hypoechoic lesions and the prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was normal. Digital rectal examination of the prostate revealed firm consistency, symmetric enlargement without nodularity. The diagnosis was made by needle biopsy. A review of the literature shows that primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare, and much more aggressive than adenocarcinoma of the prostate clinically with the average survival time of about 14 months after diagnosis. In various articles, radical surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with mitroxantrone and cisplatin were mentioned but this kind of carcinoma responded poorly to these three modes of therapy.


A direct dual Z-scheme photocatalyst is facilely fabricated by anchoring graphene quantum dots uniformly onto the framework of one-pot-synthesized Bi2WO6/WO3 inverse opals via electrostatic attract...


A new method of designing IIR filters with tuneable delay is presented. The proposed variable delay filters consist of a number of parallel fixed-coefficient IIR filters whose outputs are weighted and added up. The weights are affected only by the required delay. In this paper they are chosen as simple polynomial functions of the delay but other selection are also possible. The fixed-coefficient filters are designed using Weighted Least Squares (WLS) approach. In order to guarantee stability of the designed filters the WLS optimisation criterion has been modified by linearly combining it with some time-domain components. These components are selected in such a way that all the local minima of the modified cost correspond to stable filters. The proposed method is illustrated with a design of a bandpass filter whose bulk delay can be modified by up to ±0.5 of the sample time.


FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: floor panels are equipped with a mechanical locking device, comprising a dowel and grooves, and are made with ledges and grooves, which are displaced relative to each other and have such shape that ledges may occupy vertically unfixed position, in which they correspond to grooves, and vertically fixed position, in which ledges cover each other. EFFECT: increased strength of panels fixation. 24 cl, 51 dwg


Introduction: Cyclin E is an independent predictor of poor outcomes and response to treatment in breast cancer (BrCa). Expression of low-molecular-weight cyclin E (LMW-E) is associated with more aggressive disease in all BrCa subtypes. While tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are more abundant in LMW-E+ tumors, high-TIL/LMW-E+ tumors have lower probability of pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We hypothesized that LMW-E induces immune changes that create a permissive microenvironment in the mammary gland for promoting tumor initiation and subsequent growth. We aimed to evaluate the role of mammary epithelial expression of LMW-E in the temporal induction of systemic and local immune responses that ultimately prime the mammary gland for tumor development.
 Methods: We generated a tri-transgenic mouse model capable of conditionally expressing human LMW-E under the control of the MMTV promoter in a p53 heterozygous background (MPT) upon doxycycline (Dox) administration. Female MPT mice were treated with Dox for 3, 6 and 9 months and age-matched untreated controls were sacrificed at each time point. An independent group of non-transgenic mice in a p53 heterozygous background were maintained +/- Dox as positive and negative controls. Mammary glands and peripheral organs (spleen, lung, bone marrow) were harvested for immune profiling by flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence microscopy (mIF). Serum was also collected for cytokine/chemokine assessment. Immune profiling via flow cytometry was performed using two multi-color panels to assess basic immune and more specialized T-cell subsets. For the mIF experiments, two 5-marker panels were applied to mammary tissue.
 Results: Histological examination of MPT mammary glands over time showed a temporal increase in acinar proliferation and mitotic figures, which was further confirmed by the co-localization of panCK+ and Ki-67+ markers. We report that although immune cell frequencies changed with age, these specific changes were dependent on LMW-E induction as compared to the non-transgenic cohort of mice. LMW-E+ mammary glands showed a temporal enrichment in B cells, macrophages, T cells (CD4+, PD1+, CD4+Ki67+, and Tregs), cDCs, and panCK+, panCK+vimentin+ populations over time. By contrast, pDCs increased from 3 to 6 months but decreased in the pre-tumorigenic mammary gland of the 9-month old LMW-E+ mice.
 Conclusions: LMW-E induction mediates an increase in epithelial cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition events that result in local immune alterations, specifically affecting T-cell subsets. Our findings suggest that the immunological changes driven by LMW-E lead to an immunosuppressive microenvironment that may promote tumor formation at the early stages of breast tumorigenesis.
 Citation Format: Sofia Mastoraki, Amriti R. Lulla, Sarah Schneider, Karen Clise-Dwyer, Morgan M. Green, Natalie W. Fowlkes, Kelly K. Hunt, Stephanie S. Watowich, Khandan Keyomarsi. LMW-E induction and crosstalk with immune cells potentiates local immune responses leading to an immunosuppressive microenvironment at the early stages of breast tumorigenesis in mouse models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1348.


bovine serum albumin also identified the p69 antigen from islets on immunoblots. Karjalainen and colleagues have hypothesised that one route to type I diabetes is through molecular mimicry between the islet antigen p69 and bovine serum albumin in cows' milk.'4 Early sensitisation to bovine serum albumin through bottle feeding in infancy leaves memory T cells which destroy a cells expressing p69. The p69 antigen is inducible by interferon -y released intermittently during childhood infections, so that the process of destruction of 3 cells is protracted, variable, and uncertain. Only a subset of the population-those with a genetic make up that was able to present the critical sequence of bovine serum albumin to the immune system-would be susceptible to the mimicry. It therefore seems conceivable that susceptibility to both type I and type II diabetes is determined during gestation or infancy in response to nutrition, and research should respond with a new focus on early events. But the similarity between the two of an early influence of nutrition may not stop there. Diabetes results when the insulin reserve no longer meets demand. If the stress on 3 cells that leads to type II diabetes is a progressively increasing demand (insulin resistance), the stress that leads to type I diabetes is arguably a progressively diminishing reserve (insulitis). In either case the outcome is likely to be influenced by the peak 1 cell mass. Perhaps the genetic linkage that has recently been described between type I and type II diabetes'5 is a determinant of the 1 cell proliferative compartment and its response to early nutrition.


According to the invention, an electrical drive system for a vehicle is provided. A fuel cell is provided in the vehicle for producing a first voltage. Connected to the first voltage is a series circuit of batteries (Cn) comprising at least one first battery (C1) and one second battery. A transfer unit comprises a magnetizable core, wherein magnetizable is understood to mean that the magnetic field strength of the core can be changed. The transfer unit further comprises a primary coil (N0), a first secondary coil (N1) and a second secondary coil. The first primary coil can be switchably connected to the first voltage. A first secondary switch (S1) is provided for parallel connecting of the first secondary coil with the first battery. The electrical drive system further comprises a second secondary switch (S2) for parallel connection of the second secondary coil (N2) with the second battery. The first secondary switch and the second secondary switch are switchable independent of one another.


We consider quasiconformal deformations of $\mathbb{C}\setminus\mathbb{Z}$. We give some criteria for infinitely often punctured planes to be quasiconformally equivalent to $\mathbb{C}\setminus\mathbb{Z}$. In particular, we characterize the closed subsets of $\mathbb{R}$ whose compliments are quasiconformally equivalent to $\mathbb{C}\setminus\mathbb{Z}$.


The ultraviolet ray disinfection and the ultraviolet ray assistance senior oxidation technology in the water treatment is an item gradually the technology which is taken by the people. This article summarized the current ultraviolet ray technology in the water treatment domain application and the research condition, introduced emphatically the ultraviolet ray technology in the water disinfection, as well as the assistance senior oxidation technology in removes in the water the pollutant aspect application, discussed this technology some questions which exists in the water treatment application process, at the same time has forecast the ultraviolet ray technology in the water treatment domain application prospect.


Visual place recognition (VPR) includes inferring a geographical location of a single image with wide-ranging applications in consumer photography, robotics, archival repositories, and social media. The representation of ideal image for VPR maps each image that captures a similar location closer to one another, nevertheless of different illuminations, viewpoints, capturing sensors, and appearances. It has received considerable attention in various namely robotics and computer vision. In recent times, researcher workers have applied state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) techniques to address these problems. However, a growing number of studies have projected an innovative place recognition methodology dependent upon DL, new automated models become essential. This study develops an Improved Salp Swarm Optimization with Deep Transfer Learning based Visual Places Recognition (ISSODTL-VPR) approach. The aim of the ISSODTL-VPR model is to recognize the visual places accurately, automatically, and timely. In the presented ISSODTL-VPR model, the initial stage of image preprocessing using bilateral filter (BF) is applied. Followed by, EfficientNet with Squeeze-excitation block is utilized for feature extraction purposes. Then, the ISSO algorithm is used as a hyperparameter optimizer of the EfficientNet model. At last, Manhattan distance metric is applied for the recognition of places in the presented ISSODTL-VPR model. The experimental validation of the ISSODTL-VPR technique was tested and the results are examined under many measures. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the improvement of the ISSODTL-VPR technique over other existing techniques.


The production process and test results of HRB400 reinforced bar smelted by open hearth are introduced in detail and some measures are put forward for the trial-production problems. The effect of RE on the quality and performance of reinforced bar is studied in preliminary. The results show that the reinforced bar smelted by open hearth can meet the GB 1499-1998 standard and don't show the clear effect of RE on the quality and performance of the reinforced bar in this test.


In this work, we analyze the nonlinear behavior of an activated sludge process (ASP). In an ASP, the wastewater stream is fed to an aerator which sustains an aerobic biochemical reaction. The effluent from the aerator is taken to a downstream settler. The overflow from the settler is clear and is withdrawn from the system while the underflow which is rich in biomass is recycled. The aerator and the settler are coupled through this recycle stream. The accumulation of the biomass in the system is prevented by periodic sludge withdrawal from the system and control of the concentration of the suspension in the aerator. Earlier efforts have considered the settler to be perfect and have considered the recycle ratio (ratio of recycle flow to fresh feed flow) "R" as a parameter. Our approach focuses on capturing the essential physics of the interaction between the aerator and the settler and views R as a state variable. In this work, we propose a simple model of the separator incorporating a minimum flux or the limiting flux condition in the model of the settler. This uniquely determines the recycle rate in contrast to earlier studies where the recycle rate was fixed as a parameter. We compare two modes of sludge withdrawal (i) from the aerator and (ii) from the settler. The nonlinear behavior of this system is analyzed, and we discuss the new features which arise due to the incorporation of the limiting flux condition. The system of equations governing the system behavior is a differential algebraic system. For the scheme of purging from the aerator, we observed that the recycle ratio is very sensitive to the variation of the sludge withdrawal fraction. The system exhibits isolas, which develop unstable steady-state branches giving complex behavior. Here, for low values of the sludge withdrawal fraction, the system has two steady-state branches and there is a region of no steady states in between. For high values of the sludge withdrawal fraction, it is shown that the system can admit as many as six steady states.


= ss which is just a SoS operation in the new basis. Due to some basic symmetry existing between the n-elements of an array and therefore N, there may be some degeneracy between the eigenmodes. The number of degenerate eigenmodes (d) means the n-element phased array has degree m = n - d < n. Degenerate eigenmodes can be linearly mixed (preserving there eigenvalue) to produce new eigenmodes with most of the SNR concentrated in one of the two modes, leaving almost all the SNR contained in m-channels. This, of course, is the principle of Quad/Antiquad pairs now extended to higher degrees. Images were collected on a Siemens 1.5T Symphony 8 channel scanner using the Siemens 8-Channel Head Array (3), with elements equally separated by π/4 around the head. The Eigencoil TM was formed by inserting an m-degree K' -1 hardware combiner inline between the output of the Head Array and the system interface.


The basic concept underpinning much of the US federal securities regulation is disclosure regulation.

Keywords:

regulation of US equity markets


Abstract A composite nonwoven fabric having latent elasticity is provided having a latently elastic core comprising a first component that includes a thermoplastic elastomer and a second component that includes a single site catalyzed polyolefin, and at least one gatherable facing material laminated to the elastic core. The first and second components may be, for example, in the form of alternating filaments of styrenic block copolymer and single site catalyzed polyolefin or in the form of conjugate filaments having a first section of styrenic block copolymer and a second section of single site catalyzed polyolefin. Also disclosed are methods of making the latently elastic stretch bonded laminates and personal care articles containing the latently elastic stretch bonded laminates.


Objective: Sublingual immunotherapy has been considered to be a painless and effective therapeutic treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis. Its mechanism of action has been elucidated, but there are still controversies among many reports between clinical efficacy and laboratory data. Therefore, its mechanism of action needs to be investigated further by using promising animal models such as rodents and monkeys. Materials and Methods: Bearing this in mind, in our present study, we successfully constructed an effective murine model for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in allergic rhinitis in which mice were sublingually administered ovalbumin (OVA), followed by intraperitoneal (ip) sensitization and intranasal (i.n.) challenge of OVA. Results: To summarize our experimental data, nasal symptoms such as sneezing and nasal rubbing of sublingually treated mice were significantly attenuated in accordance with lower specific IgE antibodies in sera. Histological analysis of eosinophil recruitment in nasal mucosae reveals less allergic inflammation in sublingually treated mice. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) production and IL-10–specific mRNA gene expression of cultured submandibular lymph node (SMLN) cells with OVA, obtained from sublingually treated mice, were significantly higher than those of mice without sublingual treatment. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that sublingually introduced antigens can actually attenuate nasal symptoms in a murine allergic rhinitis model upon allergen exposures. Furthermore, our immunological data might indicate an important role of IL-10 producing T cells in SMLN to control nasal allergic reaction.


Beauvoir, S. de, Letters to Sartre, translated by Hoare, Q. (Radius, 1991), 531pp., £20, ISBN 0 09 174774 0 Moi, T., Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman (Blackwell, 1994), 324pp., £12.95, ISBN 9 631 19181 X


Transition metal dichalcogenides of type VX2 (X = S, Se, Te) have recently attracted great interest as it has been predicted that they host ferromagnetism at room temperature. Whether ferromagnetism is indeed present is an open experimental question. An in-depth study of the structural and magnetoelectric properties of VTe2 thin films is presented in this work. The VTe2 thin films were grown through molecular beam epitaxy, which allows for precise control of thicknesses, ranging from several nanometers down to monolayers. The low-temperature magnetoelectric transport studies reveal no sign of intrinsic ferromagnetism. However, a transition from positive to negative magnetoresistance is present upon decreasing film thickness.


This article describes and evaluates an efficient execution-driven technique for the simulation of multiprocessors that includes the simulation of system memory and that is driven by real program work loads. The technique produces correctly interleaved address traces at run-time without disk access overhead or hardware support, allowing accurate simulation of the effects of a variety of architectural alternatives on programs. We have implemented a simulator based on this technique that offers substantial advantages in terms of reduced time and space overheads when compared to instruction-driven or trace-driven simulation techniques, without significant loss of accuracy. The article presents the results of several validation experiments used to quantify the accuracy and efficiency of the simulator for sequential, distributed, and shared-memory multiprocessors, and several parallel programs. These experiments show that prediction errors of less than 5 percent as compared to actual execution times, and overheads 6 to 30 times lower than those incurred by cycle-level simulation can be achieved. Predictions of relative performance metrics such as speedup tend to be even more accurate, making this technique especially attractive as an efficient method for comparative investigations of parallel system designs.


The optical absorption spectra of Au2 in the 211–229 nm range were studied in a region close to the source of Au evaporation in low pressure helium gas (100 Torr). Three new band systems (designated systems 1–3) of Au2 dimers in the gas phase were identified. The spectroscopic constants derived for system 1 are T e = 44 692.8 ± 3.7cm−1, ν00 = 44 672.6 ± 3.7 cm−1, ω′ e = 151.7 ± 0.5 cm−1, ω e x′ e = 0.15 ± 0.38 cm−1, ω″e = 192.3 ± 1.1 cm−1 and ω e x″e = 0.73 ± 0.36 cm−1. Only the lower progressions of the other two systems were observed.


This special issue of Nordic Journal of Linguistics is dedicated to the emerging field of forensic linguistics. There are competing definitions and delimitations of this term but here we will use it to refer to the investigation and elucidation of language evidence in a legal context. This includes the scrutiny of language data from different stages of the legal process, ranging from emergency calls to police interviews and courtroom interaction, as well as expert assessment and witness testimony in cases where the meaning or authorship of texts or utterances are questioned. While the analysis of authentic case data is often preferred or even required, access to such highly sensitive data types is naturally restricted by legal and ethical boundaries. An increasing amount of studies therefore employ experimental designs to test hypotheses and improve methodologies.


Experimental studies on shear strengthening with FRP which have been carried out in the last few years provided many interesting findings and conclusions, particularly with regard to the effect of the stiffness of the composites on the shear strengthening. But, many aspects are still not fully understood. The relatively large scatter observed in the previous research studies indicates the diverse influence of parameters on the shear resistance. This paper deals with the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete(RC) beams strengthened with externally bonded Carbon Fiber Sheet(CFS) composite. Its objectives are to synthesize the findings of the research studies carried out thus far, and to examine and analyze the effects of concrete strength on the shear strengthening of RC members with externally bonded CFS. Finally, the existing method is verified with experimental data which evaluate the influence of concrete strength on the shear resistance.


Automatic sound classification is a burgeoning field in audio informatics, which has been growing in parallel to developments in machine learning and urban informatics. In this thesis, we define two primary bottlenecks to research in automatic urban sound classification: the lack of an established taxonomy, and the meager supply of annotated real-world data. We begin by assembling a new taxonomy of urban sounds to create a foundation for future work in urban sound classification, which is an evolution on previous perceptually-focused environmental sound taxonomies. We describe the process of curating a sizable dataset of real-world acoustic sounds collected from the Freesound archive. The completed dataset, aptly dubbed UrbanSound, contains 27 hours of audio, with 18.5 hours of annotated events across 10 classes. We further prepare a subset of the dataset which is separated into 10 folds for cross-validation. We begin analysis of our dataset with a baseline classification system using the off-the-shelf tools Essentia and Weka. Our baseline approach, based on a typical MFCCs and a Support Vector Machine with Gaussian kernel, gets just over 70% overall classification accuracy. We then take an established algorithm for feature learning, which has been applied effectively in image recognition and music informatics, and apply it to the classification of urban environmental sounds. We compare the results of using of Spherical k-Means to traditional k-Means, and additionally compare the results of those to static (not learned) random bases in order to prove that our feature learning algorithm is learning useful features. While our feature learning system does not outperform our baseline system overall, when we carefully review the results at a per-class level, we discover that our system is indeed performing better than the baseline for many of the classes, and in some cases much better. The feature learning system improves the results of the background classes over the random bases, and therefore some useful features are learned by the system.